School of Biotechnology

3 Years B.Sc. Biotechnology (Hons.) Course Structure

Total Credits - 144

* 6 credit course for non-lab based subjects

ADAMAS UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (Course Code: SBT)

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours)

SEMESTER - I

Type of the

Paper

Paper

Code

Theory / Practical

Brief Contents

Contact

Hour

Per

Week

L T P Credit

CORE Theory SBT31101

Theory

Biochemistry &

Metabolism

4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical SBT31201

Practical

Biochemistry &

Metabolism Lab

List of experiments will be

provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

CORE Theory SBT31103

Theory

General

Microbiology 4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical SBT31203

Practical

General

Microbiology Lab

List of experiments will be

provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

FOUNDATION HEN31105 Theory English Language &

Literature 2 2 0 0 2

GENERIC

ELECTIVE I

(GE 1)*

Theory 4 3 1 0 4

Practical

List of experiments will be

provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

TOTAL 23 11 3 6 20

* 6 credit course for non-lab based subjects

ADAMAS UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours)

SEMESTER - II

Type of the

Paper

Paper

Code

Theory /

Practical Brief Contents

Contact

Hour

Per

Week

L T P Credit

CORE Theory SBT31102

Theory

Mammalian

Physiology

4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical SBT31202

Practical

Mammalian

Physiology Lab

List of experiments will be

provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

CORE Theory SBT31104

Theory

Chemistry 1:

Physical &

Inorganic

Chemistry

4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical SBT31204

Practical

Chemistry 1: Physical &

Inorganic

Chemistry Lab

List of experiments will be

provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

FOUNDATION SGY31104 Theory Environmental Science

and Energy Resources 2 2 0 0 2

GENERIC

ELECTIVE (GE 1)*

Theory 4 3 1 0 4

Practical

List of experiments will be

provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

TOTAL 23 11 3 6 20

ADAMAS UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours) SEMESTER - III

Type of the Paper

Paper Code Theory / Practical

Brief Contents

Contact

Hour Per

Week

L T P Credit

CORE Theory SBT32101 Theory

Cell Biology 4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical SBT32201

Practical

Cell Biology Lab

List of experiments will

be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

CORE Theory SBT32103 Theory

Genetics 4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical SBT32203

Practical

Genetics Lab

List of experiments will

be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

Core Theory SBT32105

Theory

Chemistry 2:

Organic

Chemistry

4 3 1 0 4

Core

Practical SBT32205

Practical

Chemistry 2:

Organic

Chemistry Lab

List of experiments will

be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

FOUNDATION

(Skill

Enhancement Compulsory

Course SECC

I)

SBT32109/11 Theory

Choice Based

(List of options will be provided separately)

2 2 0 0 2

GENERIC

ELECTIVE (GE 2)*

Theory 4 3 1 0 4

Practical List of experiments will

be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

TOTAL 30 14 4 8 26

* 6 credit course for non-lab based subjects

ADAMAS UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours) SEMESTER - IV

Type of the Paper

Paper Code Theory / Practical

Brief Contents

Contact

Hour Per

Week

L T P Credit

CORE Theory SBT32102

Theory

Molecular

Biology

4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical SBT32202

Practical

Molecular

Biology Lab

List of experiments will

be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

CORE Theory SBT32104 Theory

Immunology 4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical SBT32204

Practical

Immunology Lab

List of experiments will

be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

CORE Theory SBT32106 Theory

Plant Physiology 4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical SBT32206

Practical

Plant Physiology

Lab

List of experiments will

be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

FOUNDATION

(Skill

Enhancement

Compulsory

Course SECC

II)

SBT32110/12 Theory

Choice Based

(List of options will be

provided separately) 2 2 0 0 2

GENERIC

ELECTIVE

(GE 2)*

Theory 4 3 1 0 4

Practical List of experiments will

be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2

TOTAL 30 14 4 8 26

* 6 credit course for non-lab based subjects

ADAMAS UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours)

SEMESTER - V

Type of

the Paper Paper Code Theory / Practical

Brief

Contents

Contac

t Hour

Per

Week

L T P Credit

CORE

Theory SBT33101

Theory

Bioprocess Technology 4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical

SBT33201

Practical

Bioprocess Technology Lab

List of

experiment

s will be

provided

separately

3 0 0 2 2

CORE

Theory

SBT33103

Theory

Recombinant DNA Technology

4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical

SBT33203

Practical

Recombinant DNA Technology

Lab

List of

experiment

s will be

provided

separately

3 0 0 2 2

Elective

Theory

DSE I

(Disciplin

e

Specific)

SBT33105/07/0

9

Bioinformatics/Biostatistics/Evol

utionary Biology 4 3 1 0 4

Elective

Practical (Disciplin

e

Specific)

DSE

Practical I

SBT33205/07/0

9

Bioinformatics Lab/Biostatistics

Lab/ Evolutionary Biology

List of experiment

s will be

provided

separately

3 0 0 2 2

Elective

Theory

DSE II

(Disciplin

e

Specific)

SBT33111/13/1

5

Developmental Biology / Medical

Microbiology/ Ecology and

Environment Management

4 3 1 0 4

Elective

Practical

(Disciplin

e

Specific)

DSE

Practical

II

SBT33211/13/1

5

Developmental Biology / Medical

Microbiology/ Ecology and

Environment Management

List of

experiment

s will be

provided

separately

3 0 0 2 2

FOUNDAT

ION SBT33601 Industry Internship 2

TOTAL 28 1 4 8 26

*6 credit course, non-lab based

FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours)

SEMESTER - VI

Type of the

Paper Paper Code Theory / Practical Brief Contents

Contact

Hour

Per

Week

L T P Credit

CORE Theory

SBT33102

Theory

Bio Analytical

Tools

4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical

SBT33202

Practical

Bio Analytical

Tools lab

List of experiments

will be provided

separately

3 0 0 2 2

CORE Theory

SBT33104

Theory

Genomics &

Proteomics

4 3 1 0 4

CORE

Practical

SBT33204

Practical

Genomics &

Proteomics lab

List of experiments

will be provided

separately

3 0 0 2 2

Elective

Theory

DSE III

(Discipline

Specific)

SBT33106/08/10

Environmental

Biotechnology/

Intellectual

Property Rights*/

Microbial

Physiology

4 3 1 0 4

Elective

Practical

(Discipline

Specific) DSE

Practical III

SBT33206/08/10

Environmental

BiotechnologyLab/

Microbial

Physiology Lab

List of experiments

will be provided

separately

3 0 0 2 2

Elective

DSE IV

(Discipline

Specific)

SBT33712 Dissertation

9 6 0 0 6

FOUNDATION SBT33302

Seminar on

contemporary

research in

Biotechnology

2 2

TOTAL 30 15 3 6 26

LIST OF GENERIC ELECTIVE GE SUBJECTS OFFERED IN THE FIRST YEAR FOR THE

STUDENTS OF SCHOOL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY:

1. Zoology

2. Botany

3. Mathematics* *6 credit course, non-lab based

LIST OF GENERIC ELECTIVE GE SUBJECTS OFFERED IN THE SECOND YEAR FOR THE

STUDENTS OF SCHOOL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY:

1. Physics

2. Computer Science

3. Statistics* *6 credit course, non-lab based

LIST OF SKILL ENHANCEMENT SUBJECTS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF BIOTECHNOLOGY*:

*Offering of subjects will vary from year to year subject to availability of faculty

LIST OF DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE' PAPERS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF

BIOTECHNOLOGY*:

DSE – I (Theory)

1. Bioinformatics [SBT33105]

2. Biostatistics [SBT33107]

3. Evolutionary Biology [SBT33109]

DSE – I (Practical)

1. Bioinformatics [SBT33205]

2. Biostatics [SBT33207]

3. Evolutionary Biology [SBT33209]

DSE – II (Theory)

1. Developmental Biology [SBT33111]

2. Medical Microbiology [SBT33113]

3. Ecology and Environment Management [SBT33115]

DSE – II (Practical)

1. Developmental Biology [SBT33211]

2. Medical Microbiology [SBT33213]

3. Ecology and Environment Management [SBT33215]

DSE – III (Theory)

1. Environmental Biotechnology [SBT33106]

Skill Enhancement Course SEC I (For

Semester III) (Choose any one)

Skill Enhancement Course SEC I (For

Semester IV)(Choose any one) 1. Molecular Diagnostics ( SBT32109)

1. Enzymology (SBT32110)

2. Molecular Modeling and Drug Designing

(SBT32111)

2. Basics of Forensic Science (SBT32112)

2. Intellectual Property Rights [SBT33108]*

3. Microbial Physiology [SBT33110]

DSE – III (Practical)

1. Environmental Biotechnology [SBT33206]

2. Microbial Physiology [SBT33208] * Purely Theoretical Papers with 6 credits.

DSE IV: Dissertation *Offering of subjects will vary from year to year subject to availability of faculty

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

B.Sc. (Hons.) Biotechnology Detailed Syllabus

Core Courses

BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM (SBT31101)

UNIT I:

Amino acids & Proteins: Structure & Function. Structure and properties of Amino acids. Types of

proteins and their classification, Forces stabilizing protein structure and shape. Different Level

of structural organization of proteins, Protein Purification. Denaturation and renaturation of

proteins. Fibrous and globular proteins.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function and properties of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides

andPolysaccharides. Homo & Hetero Polysaccharides, Mucopolysaccharides, Bacterial cell wallpolysaccharides, Glycoprotein s and their biological functions

UNIT II

Lipids: Structure and functions –Classification, nomenclature and properties of fatty

acids,essential fatty acids. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, cerebrosides, gangliosides,

Prostaglandins, Cholesterol. Nucleic acids: Structure and functions: Physical & chemical

properties of Nucleic acids,Nucleosides & Nucleotides, purines & pyrimidines,. Biologically

important nucleotides, Doublehelical model of DNA structure and forces responsible for A, B & Z – DNA, denaturation and renaturation of DNA

UNIT III

Enzymes: Nomenclature and classification of Enzymes, Holoenzyme, apoenzyme, Cofactors,

coenzyme, prosthetic groups, metalloenzymes, monomeric & oligomeric enzymes, activation

energy and transition state, enzyme activity, specific activity, common features of active sites,

enzyme specificity: types & theories, Biocatalysts from extreme thermophilic and

hyperthermophilic archaea and bacteria. Role of: NAD+, NADP+, FMN/FAD, coenzymes A,

Thiamine pyrophosphate, Pyridoxal phosphate, lipoic-acid, Biotin vitamin B12,

Tetrahydrofolate and metallic ions.

UNIT IV

Carbohydrates Metabolism: Reactions, energetics and regulation. Glycolysis: Fate of pyruvate

under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Pentose phosphate pathway and its significance,

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis and glycogen synthesis. TCA cycle, Electron Transport Chain,

Oxidative phosphorylation. ß-oxidation of fatty acids.

PRACTICALS: BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM LAB (SBT31201)

1. To study activity of any enzyme under optimum conditions.

2. To study the effect of pH, temperature on the activity of salivary amylase enzyme.

3. Determination of - pH optima, temperature optima, Km value, Vmax value, Effect of inhibitor

(Inorganic phosphate) on the enzyme activity.

4. Estimation of blood glucose by glucose oxidase method.

5. Principles of Colorimetry: (i) Verification of Beer's law, estimation of protein. (ii) To study

relation between absorbance and % transmission.

6. Preparation of buffers.

7. Separation of Amino acids by paper chromatography.

8. Qualitative tests for Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2006). Biochemistry. VI Edition. W.H Freeman and

Co.

2. Buchanan, B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R. (2000) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of

Plants. American Society of Plant Biologists.

3. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (2004) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th Edition, WH Freeman

and Company, New York, USA.

4. Hopkins, W.G. and Huner, P.A. (2008) Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley and Sons.

5. Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. (1991) Plant Physiology, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Ltd.

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY (SBT31103)

UNIT I

Classification of microorganisms: Microbial taxonomy, criteria used including molecular

approaches, Microbial phylogeny and current classification of bacteria. Microbial Diversity:

Distribution and characterization Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Morphology and cell

structure of major groups of microorganisms eg. Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Protozoa and Unique

features of viruses.

UNIT II

Cultivation and Maintenance of microorganisms: Nutritional categories of micro-organisms,

methods of isolation, Purification and preservation.

UNIT III

Microbial growth: Growth curve, Generation time, synchronous batch and continuous culture,

measurement of growth and factors affecting growth of bacteria. Microbial Metabolism:

Metabolic pathways, amphi-catabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Bacterial Reproduction:

Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation. Endospores and sporulation in bacteria.

UNIT IV

Control of Microorganisms: By physical, chemical and chemotherapeutic Agents. Water

Microbiology: Bacterial pollutants of water, coliforms and non coliforms. Sewage composition

and its disposal. Food Microbiology: Important microorganism in food Microbiology: Moulds,

Yeasts, bacteria. Major food born infections and intoxications, Preservation of various types of

foods. Fermented Foods.

PRACTICALS: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LAB (SBT 31203)

1. Isolation of bacteria & their biochemical characterization.

2. Staining methods: simple staining, Gram staining, spore staining, negative staining, hanging

drop.

3. Preparation of media & sterilization methods, Methods of Isolation of bacteria from different

sources.

4. Determination of bacterial cell size by micrometry.

5. Enumeration of microorganism - total & viable count.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, and Blackwell M. (1996). Introductory Mycology. 4 th edition. John

and Sons, Inc.

2. Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology. 7thedition, CBS

Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India.

3. Kumar HD. (1990). Introductory Phycology. 2nd edition. Affiliated East Western Press.

4. Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 12th edition.

Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.

5. Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR. (1993). Microbiology. 5th edition. McGraw Hill Book

Company.

6. Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML, and Painter PR. (2005). General Microbiology. 5th

edition. McMillan.

7. Tortora GJ, Funke BR, and Case CL. (2008). Microbiology: An Introduction. 9th edition.

Pearson Education. . Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. . Prescott, Harley and Klein s

Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.

MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY (SBT 31102)

UNIT I

Digestion: Mechanism of digestion & absorption of carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and nucleic

acids. Composition of bile, Saliva, Pancreatic, gastric and intestinal juice. Respiration: Exchange

of gases, Transport of O2 and CO2, Oxygen dissociation curve, Chloride shift., Bohr Effect and

Haldane Effect.

UNIT II

Circulation: Composition of blood, Plasma proteins & their role, blood cells, Haemopoiesis,

Mechanism of coagulation of blood.

UNIT III

Muscle physiology and osmoregulation: Structure of cardiac, smooth & skeletal muscle,

threshold stimulus, All or None rule, single muscle twitch, muscle tone, isotonic and isometric

contraction, Physical, chemical & electrical events of mechanism of muscle contraction.

Excretion: modes of excretion, Urea cycle, Mechanism of urine formation.

UNIT IV

Nervous coordination: Mechanism of generation & propagation of nerve impulse, structure of

synapse, synaptic conduction, Neurotransmitters Physiology of Vision. Endocrine coordination:

Mechanism of action of hormones. Different endocrine glands– Hypothalamus, pituitary,

thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas and adrenals, hypo & hyper-secretions.

UNIT V

Reproductive physiology: Sex determination and differentiation. Spermatogenesis, and

Oogenesis. Ovarian function and its control. Uterine changes, fertilization and implantation.

PRACTICALS: MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY LAB (SBT 31202)

1. Finding the coagulation time of blood

2. Determination of blood groups

3. Counting of mammalian RBCs

4. Demonstration of action of an enzyme

5. Determination of Haemoglobin

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. XI Edition. Hercourt Asia PTE

Ltd. / W.B. Saunders Company.

2. Tortora, G.J. & Grabowski, S. (2006). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. XI Edition. John

wiley &sons, Inc.

CHEMISTRY 1: PHYSICAL & INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (SBT 31104)

UNIT I

Atomic Structure: Extra-nuclear Structure of atoms: Bohr's theory for hydrogen atom (simple

mathematical treatment), atomic spectra of hydrogen and Bohr's model, Sommerfeld's model,

quantum numbers and their significance, Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule, electronic

configuration of many-electron atoms, Aufbau principle and its limitations.

UNIT II

Structure and Bonding: i) Ionic bonding: General characteristics of ionic compounds, sizes of

ions, radius ratio rule and its limitation. Lattice energy, Born Haber cycle. ii) Covalent bonding:

General characteristics of covalent compounds, directional character of covalent bond,

hybridization involving s-, p-, d- orbitals, multiple bonding, shapes of simple molecules and ions

(examples from main group chemistry). Bond moment and dipole moment, partial ionic

character of covalent bonds, Fajan's rules. Hydrogen bonding and its effect on physical and

chemical properties. iii) Coordinate bonds and Coordination compounds: complex salts and

double salts, Warner's theory of coordination, chelate complexes, stereochemistry of

coordination numbers 4 and 6. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination complexes (mononuclear

complexes only)

UNIT III

Chemical Periodicity: Classification of elements on the basis of electronic configuration: general

characteristics of s-, p-, d- and f-block elements. Positions of hydrogen and noble gases. Atomic

and ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity, and electronegativity; Periodic anomalies.

UNIT IV

i) Thermodynamics: Definition of thermodynamic terms: Intensive and extensive variables,

isolated, closed and open systems. Cyclic, reversible and irreversible processes. Thermodynamic

functions and their differentials. Zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of heat (q) and work

(w). First law of thermodynamics, internal energy (U) and enthalpy (H); relation between Cp and Cv, calculation of w, q, ΔU and ΔH for expansion of ideal gas under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible and irreversible processes including free expansion. Free energy:

Gibbs function (G) and Helmholtz function (A), Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, criteria for

thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity of a process. ii) Electrochemistry: Electrode

potential: Electrode potentials, Nernst Equation, reference electrodes: normal hydrogen

electrode and calomel electrodes, Emf of electrochemical cells and its measurement, electrode

potential series and its applications. iii) Solutions of non-electrolytes: Colligative properties of

solution, Raoult's Law, relative lowering of vapor pressure, osmosis and osmotic pressure;

elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point of solvents.

UNIT V

Chemical kinetics and catalysis: order and molecularity of reactions, rate laws and rate

equations for first order and second order reactions (differential and integrated forms); zero

order reactions. Determination of order of reactions. Temperature dependence of reaction rate,

energy of activation. Catalytic reactions: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions,

autocatalytic reactions, catalyst poisons, catalyst promoters (typical examples).

PRACTICALS: PHYSICAL & INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB (SBT 31204)

1. Measurement of the coefficient of viscosity

2. Measurement of the surface tension

3. Kinetics of ester hydrolysis

4. pH metric titration

5. Conductometric titration

6. Determination of total hardness of water by complexometric titration method

7. Determination of carbonate and bicarbonate in water

8. Estimation of iron by permanganometry.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. P. C. Rakshit, Physical Chemistry, Sarat Book House (7thEdition)

2. Cotton, F A,Wikinson G. and Gaus, P L, Basic Inorganic Chemistry

3. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Edition, ELBS, 1991

4. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, ELBS/Oxford, 7th Edition, 1995

5. G.W.Castellan, Physical Chemistry

CELL BIOLOGY (SBT 32101)

UNIT I

Cell: Introduction and classification of organisms by cell structure, cytosol,

compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells, cell fractionation. Cell Membrane and Permeability:

Chemical components of biological membranes, organization and Fluid Mosaic Model,

membrane as a dynamic entity, cell recognition and membrane transport.

UNIT II

Membrane Vacuolar system, cytoskeleton and cell motility: Structure and function of

microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments. Endoplasmic reticulum: Structure,

function including role in protein segregation. Golgi complex: Structure, biogenesis and

functions including role in protein secretion.

UNIT III

Lysosomes: Vacuoles and micro bodies: Structure and functions. Ribosomes: Structures and

function including role in protein synthesis. Mitochondria: Structure and function, Genomes,

biogenesis. Chloroplasts: Structure and function, genomes, biogenesis. Nucleus: Structure and

function, chromosomes and their structure.

UNIT IV

Extracellular Matrix: Composition, molecules that mediate cell adhesion, membrane receptors

for extra cellular matrix, macromolecules, regulation of receptor expression and function. Signal

transduction. Cancer: Carcinogenesis, agents promoting carcinogenesis, characteristics and

molecular basis of cancer.

PRACTICALS: CELL BIOLOGY LAB (SBT 32201)

1. Study the effect of temperature and organic solvents on semi permeable membrane.

2. Demonstration of dialysis.

3. Study of plasmolysis and de-plasmolysis.

4. Cell fractionation and determination of enzyme activity in organelles using sprouted seed or

any other suitable source.

5. Study of structure of any Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell.

6. Microtomy: Fixation, block making, section cutting, double staining of animal tissues like liver,

oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestine, kidney, ovary, testes.

7. Cell division in onion root tip/ insect gonads.

8. Preparation of Nuclear, Mitochondrial & cytoplasmic fractions.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th Edition. John Wiley

& Sons. Inc.

2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th

edition.Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

3. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press

& Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.

4. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009. The World of the Cell. 7th

edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.

GENETICS (SBT 32103)

UNIT I

Mendelian Genetics and its Extension: Principles of inheritance, Incomplete dominance and co-

dominance, Multiple alleles, Lethal alleles, Epistasis, Pleiotropy, Sex-linked, sex-influenced and

sex-limited characters inheritance.

UNIT II

Linkage, Crossing Over and Chromosomal Mapping: Linkage and crossing over, Cytological basis

of crossing over, Molecular mechanisms of crossing over including models of recombination,

Recombination frequency as a measure of linkage intensity, Two factor and three factor crosses,

Interference and coincidence, Somatic cell hybridization.

UNIT III

Mutations: Types of gene mutations (Classification), Types of chromosomal aberrations

(Classification, figures and with one suitable example of each), Molecular basis of mutations in

relation to UV light and chemical mutagens; Detection of mutations: CLB method, attached X

method.

UNIT IV

Sex Determination: Chromosomal mechanisms of sex determination in Drosophila and Man.

UNIT V

Extra-chromosomal Inheritance: Criteria for extra-chromosomal inheritance, Antibiotic

resistance in Chlamydomonas, Mitochondrial mutations in Saccharomyces, Infective heredity in

Paramecium and Maternal effects.

UNIT VI

Polygenic Inheritance: Polygenic inheritance with suitable examples; simple numericals based

on it.

UNIT VII

Recombination in Bacteria and Viruses: Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction,

Complementation test in Bacteriophage.

UNIT VIII

Transposable Genetic Elements: Transposons in bacteria, Ac-Ds elements in maize and P

elements in Drosophila, Transposons in humans.

PRACTICALS: GENETICS LAB (SBT 32203)

1. Permanent and temporary mount of mitosis.

2. Permanent and temporary mount of meiosis.

3. Mendelian deviations in dihybrid crosses

4. Demonstration of - Barr Body -Rhoeo translocation.

5. Karyotyping with the help of photographs

6. Pedigree charts of some common characters like blood group, colour blindness and PTC

tasting.

7. Study of polyploidy in onion root tip by colchicine treatment.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J., Snustad, D.P. (2006). Principles of Genetics. VIII Edition John

Wiley & Sons.

2. Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. V Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc.

3. Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A. (2009). Concepts of Genetics. IX Edition. Benjamin

Cummings.

4. Russell, P. J. (2009). Genetics- A Molecular Approach. III Edition. Benjamin Cummings.

5. Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and Carroll, S.B. IX Edition. Introduction to

Genetic Analysis, W. H. Freeman & Co.

CHEMISTRY 2: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (SBT 32105)

UNIT I

Stereochemistry: Representation of molecules in saw horse, Fischer, flying-wedge and Newman

formulae, symmetry elements, molecular chirality. Configuration: stereogenic units i)

stereocentres: systems involving 1, 2, 3 centres, stereogenicity, chirotopicity.

pseudoasymmetric (D/L and R/S descriptor, threo/erythro and syn/anti nomenclatures (for

aldols) , R/S descriptor; cis/trans, syn/anti, E/Z descriptors (for C=C, C=N).

UNIT II

Reactive intermediates: Carbocations (cabenium and carbonium ions), carbanions, carbon

radicals, carbenes – structure using orbital picture, electrophilic/nucleophilic behaviour,

stability, generation and fate (elementary idea).

UNIT III

Reaction Mechanism: SN1, SN2,SNi, E1 and E2 reactions (elementary mechanistic aspects),

Acidity and basicity of organic compounds. Nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Emphasis on some important reactions like Aldol reactions, Oxidation-reduction reaction,

Claisen condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Esterification etc.

UNIT IV

Carbohydrate, Nitrogen compounds, Vitamins and amino acids: Introduction, occurrence and

classification of carbohydrates, constitution of glucose, osazone formation amines (aliphatic &

aromatic) [preparation, separation and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary

amines], basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity of aromatic amines. Structure and

classification, physical, chemical and optical properties of amino acids Structure and active

forms of water soluble and fat soluble vitamins.

PRACTICALS: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB (SBT 32205)

Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional

groups (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one

derivative.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.Ltd. (Pearson

Education).

2. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson

Education).

3. Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, New Delhi

(1988).

4. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P.; Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBT 32102)

UNIT I

Structures of DNA and RNA / Genetic Materia: Miescher to Watson and Crick- historic

perspective, DNA structure, Salient features of double helix, Types of DNA, Types of genetic

material, denaturation and renaturation, cot curves. DNA topology - linking number,

topoisomerases; Organization of DNA Prokaryotes, Viruses, Eukaryotes. RNA Structure,

Organelle DNA - mitochondria and chloroplast DNA.

UNIT II

Replication of DNA (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes): Bidirectional and unidirectional replication,

semi- conservative, semi- discontinuous replication. Mechanism of DNA replication: Enzymes

and proteins involved in DNA replication –DNA polymerases, DNA ligase, primase, telomerase –

for replication of linear ends. Various models of DNA replication including rolling circle, D- loop mitochondrial , Ө theta mode of replication and other accessory protein, Mismatch and excision repair.

UNIT III

Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Definition, difference from replication, promoter -

concept and strength of promoter RNA Polymerase and the transcription unit Transcription in

Eukaryotes: RNA polymerases, general Transcription factors.

UNIT IV

Post-Transcriptional Processing: Split genes, concept of introns and exons, RNA splicing,

spliceosome machinery, concept of alternative splicing, Polyadenylation and capping,

Processing of rRNA, RNA interference: siRNA, miRNA and its significance.

UNIT V

Translation (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes): Translational machinery, Charging of tRNA,

aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, Mechanisms of initiation, elongation and termination of

polypeptides in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Fidelity of translation, Inhibitors of protein

synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryote

UNIT VI

Regulation of gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Principles of transcriptional

regulation, regulation at initiation with examples from lac and trp operons, Sporulation in

Bacillus, Yeast mating type switching , Changes in Chromatin Structure - DNA methylation and

Histone Acetylation mechanisms.

PRACTICALS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LAB (SBT 32202)

1. Study of different types of DNA and RNA using micrographs and model / schematic

representations.

2. Study of semi-conservative replication of DNA through micrographs / schematic

representations.

3. Isolation of genomic DNA from E. coli

4. Estimation of salmon sperm / calf thymus DNA using colorimeter (diphenylamine reagent) or

UV spectrophotometer (A260 measurement).

5. Estimation of RNA using colorimeter (orcinol reagent) or UV spectrophotometer (A260

measurement)

6. Resolution and visualization of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.

7. Resolution and visualization of proteins by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M and Losick R (2008) Molecular Biology of the

Gene, 6th edition, Cold Spring Harbour Lab. Press, Pearson Publication

2. Becker WM, Kleinsmith LJ, Hardin J and Bertoni GP (2009) The World of the Cell, 7th edition,

Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco

3. De Robertis EDP and De Robertis EMF (2006) Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th edition.

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia

4. Karp G (2010) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, 6th edition, John Wiley

& Sons. Inc.

5. Sambrook J and Russell DW. (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 4th Edition,

Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory press.

IMMUNOLOGY (SBT 32104)

UNIT I

Introduction: Concept of Innate and Adaptive immunity; Contributions of following scientists to

the development of field of immunology - Edward Jenner, Karl Landsteiner, Robert Koch, Paul

Ehrlich, Elie Metchnikoff, Peter Medawar, MacFarlane Burnet, Neils K Jerne, Rodney Porter and

Susumu Tonegawa.

UNIT II

Immune Cells and Organs: Structure, Functions and Properties of: Immune Cells – Stem cell, T

cell, B cell, NK cell, Macrophage, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Mast cell, Dendritic cell; and

Immune Organs – Bone Marrow, Thymus, Lymph Node, Spleen, GALT, MALT, CALT

UNIT III

Antigens: Characteristics of an antigen (Foreignness, Molecular size and Heterogeneity);

Haptens; Epitopes (T & B cell epitopes); T-dependent and T-independent antigens; Adjuvants.

UNIT IV

Antibodies: Structure, Types, Functions and Properties of antibodies; Antigenic determinants on

antibodies (Isotypic, allotypic, idiotypic); VDJ rearrangements; Monoclonal and Chimeric

antibodies.

UNIT V

Major Histocompatibility Complex: Organization of MHC locus (Mice & Human); Structure and

Functions of MHC I & II molecules; Antigen processing and presentation (Cytosolic and

Endocytic pathways)

UNIT VI

Complement System: Components of the Complement system; Activation pathways (Classical,

Alternative and Lectin pathways); Biological consequences of complement Activation

UNIT VII

Generation of Immune Response: Primary and Secondary Immune Response; Generation of

Humoral Immune Response (Plasma and Memory cells); Generation of Cell Mediated Immune

Response (Self MHC restriction, T cell activation, Co- stimulatory signals); Killing Mechanisms

by CTL and NK cells, Introduction to tolerance

UNIT VIII

Immunological Disorders and Tumor Immunity: Types of Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity

with examples; Immunodeficiencies - Animal models (Nude and SCID mice), SCID, DiGeorge

syndrome, Chediak- Higashi syndrome, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency, CGD; Types of tumours,

tumour Antigens, causes and therapy for cancers.

UNIT IX

Immunological Techniques: Principles of Precipitation, Agglutination, Immunodiffusion,

Immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA, ELISPOT, Western blotting, Immunofluoresence, Flow

cytometry, Immunoelectron microscopy.

PRACTICALS: IMMUNOLOGY LAB (SBT 32204)

1. Identification of human blood groups.

2. Perform Total Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.

3. Perform Differential Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.

4. Separate serum from the blood sample (demonstration).

5. Perform immunodiffusion by Ouchterlony method.

6. Perform DOT ELISA.

7. Perform immunoelectrophoresis.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. (2007). Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 6th edition

Saunders Publication, Philadelphia. . Delves P, Martin S, Burton D, Roitt IM. . Roitt s Essential Immunology.11th edition

Wiley Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford. . Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA. . Kuby s Immunology. th edition W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. . Murphy K, Travers P, Walport M. . Janeway s Immunobiology. th edition Garland

Science Publishers, New York.

5. Peakman M, and Vergani D. (2009). Basic and Clinical Immunology. 2nd edition Churchill

Livingstone Publishers, Edinberg.

6. Richard C and Geiffrey S. (2009). Immunology. 6th edition. Wiley Blackwell Publication.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (SBT 32106)

UNIT I

Anatomy: The shoot and root apical meristem and its histological organization, simple &

complex permanent tissues, primary structure of shoot & root, secondary growth, growth rings,

leaf anatomy (dorsi-ventral and isobilateral leaf)

UNIT II

Plant water relations and micro & macro nutrients: Plant water relations: Importance of water

to plant life, diffusion, osmosis, plasmolysis, imbibition, guttation, transpiration, stomata & their

mechanism of opening & closing. Micro & macro nutrients: criteria for identification of

essentiality of nutrients, roles and deficiency systems of nutrients, mechanism of uptake of

nutrients, mechanism of food transport

UNIT III

Carbon and nitrogen metabolism: Photosynthesis- Photosynthesis pigments, concept of two

photo systems, photphosphorylation, calvin cycle, CAM plants, photorespiration, compensation

point Nitrogen metabolism- inorganic & molecular nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction and

ammonium assimilation in plants.

UNIT IV

Growth and development: Growth and development: Definitions, phases of growth, growth

curve, growth hormones (auxins, gibberlins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene). Physiological

role and mode of action, seed dormancy and seed germination, concept of photoperiodism and

vernalization.

PRACTICALS: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LAB (SBT 32206)

. Preparation of stained mounts of anatomy of monocot and dicot s root, stem & leaf. 2. Demonstration of plasmolysis by Tradescantia leaf peel.

3. Demonstration of opening & closing of stomata

4. Demonstration of guttation on leaf tips of grass and garden nasturtium.

5. Separation of photosynthetic pigments by paper chromatography.

6. Demonstration of aerobic respiration. 7. Preparation of root nodules from a leguminous plant.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Dickinson, W.C. 2000 Integrative Plant Anatomy. Harcourt Academic Press, USA.

2. Esau, K. 1977 Anatomy of Seed Plants. Wiley Publishers.

3. Fahn, A. 1974 Plant Anatomy. Pergmon Press, USA and UK.

4. Hopkins, W.G. and Huner, P.A. 2008 Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley and Sons.

5. Mauseth, J.D. 1988 Plant Anatomy. The Benjammin/Cummings Publisher, USA.

6. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. 2004 Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th edition, W.H. Freeman

and Company, New York, USA.

7. Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. 1991 Plant Physiology, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Ltd. 8. Taiz, L.

and Zeiger, E. 2006 Plant Physiology, 4th edition, Sinauer Associates Inc .MA, USA.

BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY (SBT 33101)

UNIT I

Introduction to bioprocess technology. Range of bioprocess technology and its chronological

development. Basic principle components of fermentation technology. Types of microbial

culture and its growth kinetics– Batch, Fedbatch and Continuous culture.

UNIT II

Design of bioprocess vessels- Significance of Impeller, Baffles, Sparger; Types of

culture/production vessels- Airlift; Cyclone Column; Packed Tower and their application in

production processes. Principles of upstream processing – Media preparation, Inocula

development and sterilization.

UNIT III

Introduction to oxygen requirement in bioprocess; mass transfer coefficient; factors affecting

KLa. Bioprocess measurement and control system with special reference to computer aided

process control.

UNIT IV

Introduction to downstream processing, product recovery and purification. Effluent treatment.

Microbial production of ethanol, amylase, lactic acid and Single Cell Proteins.

PRACTICALS: BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LAB (SBT 33201)

1. Bacterial growth curve.

2. Calculation of thermal death point (TDP) of a microbial sample.

3. Production and analysis of ethanol.

4. Production and analysis of amylase.

5. Production and analysis of lactic acid.

6. Isolation of industrially important microorganism from natural resource.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Casida LE. (1991). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition. Wiley Eastern Limited.

2. Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial Microbiology. 2nd

edition. Panima Publishing Co. New Delhi.

3. Patel AH. (1996). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition, Macmillan India Limited.

4. Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ. (2006). Principles of Fermentation Technology. 2nd

edition, Elsevier Science Ltd.

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY (SBT 33103)

UNIT I

Molecular tools and applications- restriction enzymes, ligases, polymerases, alkaline

phosphatase. Gene Recombination and Gene transfer: Transformation, Episomes, Plasmids and

other cloning vectors (Bacteriophage-derived vectors, artificial chromosomes), Microinjection,

Electroporation, Ultrasonication, Principle and applications of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR),

primer-design, and RT- (Reverse transcription) PCR.

UNIT II

Restriction and modification system, restriction mapping. Southern and Northern hybridization.

Preparation and comparison of Genomic and cDNA library, screening of recombinants, reverse

transcription, Genome mapping, DNA fingerprinting, Applications of Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering in animals: Production and applications of transgenic mice, role of ES cells

in gene targeting in mice, Therapeutic products produced by genetic engineering-blood

proteins, human hormones, immune modulators and vaccines (one example each).

UNIT III

Random and site-directed mutagenesis: Primer extension and PCR based methods of site

directed mutagenesis, Random mutagenesis, Gene shuffling, production of chimeric proteins,

Protein engineering concepts and examples (any two).

UNIT IV

Genetic engineering in plants: Use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, Ti plasmids,

Strategies for gene transfer to plant cells, Direct DNA transfer to plants, Gene targeting in plants,

Use of plant viruses as episomal expression vectors.

PRACTICALS: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY LAB (SBT 33203)

1. Isolation of chromosomal DNA from plant cells

2. Isolation of chromosomal DNA from E.coli.

3. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of DNA using spectrophotometer

4. Plasmid DNA isolation

5. Restriction digestion of DNA

6. Making competent cells

7. Transformation of competent cells.

8. Demonstration of PCR.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Brown TA. (2006). Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis. 5th edition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford,

U.K.

2. Clark DP and Pazdernik NJ. (2009). Biotechnology-Applying the Genetic Revolution. Elsevier

Academic Press, USA.

3. Glick, B.R., Pasternak, J.J. (2003). Molecular Biotechnology- Principles and Applications of

recombinant DNA. ASM Press, Washington

4. Primrose SB and Twyman RM. (2006). Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, 7th

edition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K.

5. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF and Maniatis T. (2001). Molecular Cloning-A Laboratory Manual. 3rd

edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

BIO ANALYTICAL TOOLS (SBT 33102)

UNIT I

Simple microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, florescence and electron microscopy (TEM and

SEM), pH meter, absorption and emission spectroscopy

UNIT II

Principle and law of absorption fluorimetry, colorimetry, spectrophotometry (visible, UV,

infrared), centrifugation, cell fractionation techniques, isolation of sub-cellular organelles and

particles.

UNIT III

Introduction to the principle of chromatography. Paper chromatography, thin layer

chromatography, column chromatography: silica and gel filtration, affinity and ion exchange

chromatography, gas chromatography, HPLC.

UNIT IV

Introduction to electrophoresis. Starch-gel, polyacrylamide gel (native and SDS-PAGE), agarose-

gel electrophoresis, pulse field gel electrophoresis, immuno-electrophoresis, isoelectric

focusing, Western blotting. Introduction to Biosensors and Nanotechnology and their

applications.

PRACTICALS: BIO ANALYTICAL TOOLS LAB (SBT 33202)

1. Native gel electrophoresis of proteins

2. SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis of proteins under reducing conditions.

3. Preparation of the sub-cellular fractions of rat liver cells.

4. Preparation of protoplasts from leaves.

5. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.

6. To identify lipids in a given sample by TLC.

SUGGESTED BOOK:

1. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th Edition. John

Wiley& Sons. Inc.

2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th edition.

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

3. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press

& Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.

4. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009 The World of the Cell. 7th

edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.

GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS (SBT 33104)

UNIT I

Introduction to Genomics, DNA sequencing methods – manual & automated: Maxam & Gilbert

and Sangers method. Pyrosequencing, Genome Sequencing: Shotgun & Hierarchical (clone

contig) methods, Computer tools for sequencing projects: Genome sequence assembly software.

UNIT II

Managing and Distributing Genome Data: Web based servers and softwares for genome

analysis: ENSEMBL, VISTA, UCSC Genome Browser, NCBI genome. Selected Model Organisms'

Genomes and Databases.

UNIT III

Introduction to protein structure, Chemical properties of proteins. Physical interactions that

determine the property of proteins. Short-range interactions, electrostatic forces, van der waal

interactions, hydrogen bonds, Hydrophobic interactions. Determination of sizes (Sedimentation

analysis, gel filteration, SDS-PAGE); Native PAGE, Determination of covalent structures – Edman

degradation.

UNIT IV

Introduction to Proteomics, Analysis of proteomes. 2D-PAGE. Sample preparation,

solubilization, reduction, resolution. Reproducibility of 2D-PAGE. Mass spectrometry based

methods for protein identification. De novo sequencing using mass spectrometric data.

PRACTICALS: GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS LAB (SBT 33104)

1. Use of SNP databases at NCBI and other sites

2. Use of OMIM database

3. Detection of Open Reading Frames using ORF Finder

4. Proteomics 2D PAGE database

5. Softwares for Protein localization.

6. Native PAGE

7. SDS-PAGE

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Genes IX by Benjamin Lewin, Johns and Bartlett Publisher, 2006.

2. Modern Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, S.B. Primrose, Blackwell Publishing, 1987.

3. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, 4th Edition, B.R.

Glick, J.J. Pasternak and C.L. Patten, 2010.

4. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (3rd Edition) Sambrook and Russell Vol. I to III,

1989.

5. Principles of Gene Manipulation 6th Edition, S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman and R.W. Old.

Blackwell Science, 2001.

6. Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. V Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc.

SKILL ENHANCEMENT SUBJECTS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (for

Semester III):

SEC I : Molecular Diagnostics (SBT32109) (THEORY)

UNIT I

Enzyme Immunoassays: Comparison of enzymes available for enzyme immunoassays,

conjugation of enzymes. Solid phases used in enzyme immunoassays. Homogeneous and

heterogeneous enzyme immunoassays. Enzyme immunoassays after immuno blotting. Enzyme

immuno histochemical techniques. Use of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies in enzymes

immuno assays. Applications of enzyme immunoassays in diagnostic microbiology

UNIT II

Molecular methods in clinical microbiology: Applications of PCR, RFLP, Nuclear hybridization

methods, Single nucleotide polymorphism and plasmid finger printing in clinical microbiology

Laboratory tests in chemotherapy: Susceptibility tests: Micro-dilution and macro-dilution broth

procedures. Susceptibility tests: Diffusion test procedures. Susceptibility tests: Tests for

bactericidal activity. Automated procedures for antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

UNIT III

Automation in microbial diagnosis, rapid diagnostic approach including technical purification

and standardization of antigen and specific antibodies. Concepts and methods in idiotypes. Anti-

idiotypes and molecular mimicry and receptors. Epitope design and applications.

Immunodiagnostic tests. Immuno florescence. Radioimmunoassay.

UNIT IV

GLC, HPLC, Electron microscopy, flow cytometry and cell sorting. Transgenic animals.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Practical Biochemistry, Principles and Techniques, Keith Wilson and John Walker

2. Bioinstrumentation, Webster

3. Advanced Instrumentation, Data Interpretation, and Control of Biotechnological Processes,

J.F. Van Impe, Kluwer Academic

4. Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ. (2005). Textbook of Microbiology. 7th edition (edited by

Paniker CKJ). University Press Publication.

5. Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS and Morse SA. (2007). Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg s Medical Microbiology. 24th edition. McGraw Hill Publication. . Goering R, Dockrell H, Zuckerman M and Wakelin D. . Mims Medical Microbiology. th edition. Elsevier.

7. Joklik WK, Willett HP and Amos DB (1995). Zinsser Microbiology. 19th edition. Appleton

Centuary-Crofts publication.

SEC I : Molecular Modeling and Drug Designing (SBT32111) (THEORY)

UNIT I

Introduction to the concept of molecular modeling, molecular structure and internal

energy, applications of molecular graphics, coordinate systems, potential energy surfaces, local

and global energy minima. Molecular mechanics: general features of molecular mechanics-

force field, bond stretching, angle bending, torsional terms, non-bonded interactions; force

field parametrisation and transferability; energy minimization: derivative and non-

derivative methods, applications of energy minimization.

UNIT II

Molecular dynamics simulation methods: molecular dynamics using simple models,

molecular dynamics with continuous potential setting up and running a molecular dynamic

simulation, constraint dynamics; Monte Carlo simulation of molecules. Simulation for

conformational analysis.

UNIT III

Recent advances in drug design methodologies. Biomolecular structure, Structure activity

relationship, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacophoric pattern, ADME Properties, quantitative

structure activity relationship, Use of genetic algorithms and principle component analysis

in the QSAR equations.

UNIT IV

Macromolecular modeling Software tools for modelling bio-molecules. Molecular electrostatic

potentials, charge analyses. Protein conformations, folding and mutation through modelling-

design of ligands for known macro molecular target sites. Drug-receptor interaction, classical

SAR/QSAR studies and their implications to the 3-D modeler, 2-D and 3-D database searching,

pharmacophore identification and novel drug design.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Andrew Leach, Molecular Modelling: Principles and Applications (2nd Edition), Addison

Wesley Longman, Essex, England. 1996.

2. Alan Hinchliffe, Molecular Modelling for Beginners, John-Wiley and Sons New York, 2003

3. Cohen, N. (Ed.). Guide Book on Molecular Modelling in Drug Design, Academic Press, San

Diego, 1996.

4. Frenkel D. and B Smit, Understanding Molecular Simulations, From Algorithms to

Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, California. 1996.

SKILL ENHANCEMENT SUBJECTS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (for

Semester IV):

SEC I : Enzymology (SBT32110) (THEORY)

UNIT I

Isolation, crystallization and purification of enzymes, test of homogeneity of enzyme

preparation, methods of enzyme analysis. Enzyme classification (rationale, overview and

specific examples) Zymogens and their activation (Proteases and Prothrombin). Enzyme

substrate complex: concept of E-S complex, binding sites, active site, specificity, Kinetics of

enzyme activity, Michaelis-Menten equation and its derivation, Different plots for the

determination of Km and Vmax and their physiological significance, factors affecting initial rate,

E, S, temp. & pH. Collision and transition state theories, Significance of activation energy and

free energy.

UNIT II

Two substrate reactions (Random, ordered and ping-pong mechanism) Enzyme inhibition types

of inhibition, determination of Ki, suicide inhibitor. Mechanism of enzyme action: General

mechanistic principle, factors associated with catalytic efficiency: proximity, orientation,

distortion of strain, acid-base, nucleophilic and covalent catalysis. Techniques for studying

mechanisms of action, chemical modification of active site groups, specific examples-:

chymotrypsin, Iysozyme, GPDH, aldolase, RNase, Carboxypeptidase and alcohol dehydrogenase.

Enzyme regulation: Product inhibition, feedback control, covalent modification.

UNIT III

Allosteric enzymes with special reference to aspartate transcarbomylase and phosphofructo

kinase. Qualitative description of concerted and sequential models. Negative cooperativity and

half site reactivity. Enzyme - Enzyme interaction, Protein ligand binding, measurements

analysis of binding isotherm, cooperativity, Hill and scatchard plots, kinetics of allosteric

enzymes. Isoenzymes– multiple forms of enzymes with special reference to lactate

dehydrogenase. Multienzyme complexes. Ribozymes. Multifunctional enzyme-eg Fatty Acid

synthase.

UNIT IV

Enzyme Technology: Methods for large scale production of enzymes. Immobilized enzyme and

their comparison with soluble enzymes, Methods for immobilization of enzymes. Immobilized

enzyme reactors. Application of Immobilized and soluble enzyme in health and industry.

Application to fundamental studies of biochemistry. Enzyme electrodes. Thermal stability and

catalytic efficiency of enzyme, site directed mutagenesis and enzyme engineering– selected

examples, Delivery system for protein pharmaceuticals, structure function relationship in

enzymes, structural motifs and enzyme evolution. Methods for protein sequencing. Methods for

analysis of secondary and tertiary structures of enzymes. Protein folding in vitro & in vivo.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Biochemistry, Lubert Stryer, 6th Edition, WH Freeman, 2006. . Harper s illustrated Biochemistry by Robert K. Murray, David A Bender, Kathleen M. Botham,

Peter J. Kennelly, Victor W. Rodwell, P. Anthony Weil. 28th Edition, McGrawHill, 2009.

3. Biochemistry, Donald Voet and Judith Voet, 2nd Edition, Publisher: John Wiley and Sons,

1995.

4. Biochemistry by Mary K. Campbell & Shawn O. Farrell, 5th Edition, Cenage Learning,2005.

5. Fundamentals of Enzymology Nicholas Price and Lewis Stevens Oxford University Press 1999

6. Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics Athel Cornish-Bowden Portland Press 2004

7. Practical Enzymology Hans Bisswanger Wiley–VCH 2004

8. The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions Richard B. Silverman Academic Press

2002.

SEC I : Basics of Forensic Science (SBT32112) (THEORY)

UNIT I

Introduction and principles of forensic science, forensic science laboratory and its organization

and service, tools and techniques in forensic science, branches of forensic science, causes of

crime, role of modus operandi in criminal investigation. Classification of injuries and their

medico-legal aspects, method of assessing various types of deaths.

UNIT II

Classification of fire arms and explosives, introduction to internal, external and terminal

ballistics. Chemical evidence for explosives. General and individual characteristics of

handwriting, examination and comparison of handwritings and analysis of ink various samples.

UNIT III

Role of the toxicologist, significance of toxicological findings, Fundamental principles of

fingerprinting, classification of fingerprints, development of finger print as science for personal

identification.

UNIT IV

Principle of DNA fingerprinting, application of DNA profiling in forensic medicine, Investigation

Tools, eDiscovery, Evidence Preservation, Search and Seizure of Computers, Introduction to

Cyber security.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Molecular Biotechnology- Principles and Applications of recombinant DNA. ASM Press,

Washington.

2. B.B. Nanda and R.K. Tiwari, Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the Twenty First Century,

Select Publishers, New Delhi (2001).

3. M.K. Bhasin and S. Nath, Role of Forensic Science in the New Millennium, University of Delhi,

Delhi (2002).

4. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative

Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005).

5. W.G. Eckert and R.K. Wright in Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edition, W.G. Eckert

(ED.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).

6. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). . W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher s Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE' PAPERS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF BIOTECHNOLOGY*:

DSE – I

1. Bioinformatics (THEORY) [SBT33105]

1.Introduction to Bioinformatics: Introduction, Branches of Bioinformatics, Aim, Scope and

Research areas of Bioinformatics.

2. Databases in Bioinformatics: Introduction, Biological Databases, Classification format of

Biological Databases, Biological Database Retrieval System.

3. Biological Sequence Databases: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI): Tools

and Databases of NCBI, Database Retrieval Tool, Sequence Submission to NCBI, Basic local

alignment search tool (BLAST), Nucleotide Database, Protein Database, Gene Expression

Database. EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (EMBL-Bank): Introduction, Sequence Retrieval,

Sequence Submission to EMBL, Sequence analysis tools. DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ):

Introduction, Resources at DDBJ, Data Submission at DDBJ. Protein Information Resource (PIR):

About PIR, Resources of PIR, Databases of PIR, Data Retrieval in PIR. Swiss-Prot: Introduction

and Salient Features.

4. Sequence Alignments: Introduction, Concept of Alignment, Multiple Sequence Alignment

(MSA), MSA by CLUSTALW, Scoring Matrices, Percent Accepted Mutation (PAM), Blocks of

Amino Acid Substitution Matrix (BLOSUM).

5. Molecular Phylogeny: Methods of Phylogeny, Software for Phylogenetic Analyses, Consistency

of Molecular Phylogenetic Prediction.

6. Applications of Bioinformatics: Structural Bioinformatics in Drug Discovery, Quantitative

structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques in Drug Design, Microbial genome

applications, Crop improvement

Bioinformatics Lab(PRACTICAL) [SBT33205]

1. Nucleic acid and protein databases.

2. Sequence retrieval from databases.

3. Sequence alignment.

4. Sequence homology and Gene annotation.

5. Construction of phylogenetic tree.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Ghosh Z. and Bibekanand M, Bioinformatics: Principles and Applications. Oxford University

Press. (2008)

2. Pevsner J, Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. II Edition. Wiley-Blackwell. (2009)

3. Campbell A. M., Heyer L. J. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. II Edition.

Benjamin Cummings. (2006)

2. Biostatistics (THEORY) [SBT33107]

1. Definition - statistical methods - basic principles. Variables - measurements, functions,

limitations and uses of statistics.

2. Collection of data primary and secondary: Types and methods of data collection procedures -

merits and demerits. Classification - tabulation and presentation of data - sampling methods.

3. Measures of central tendency: Mean, median, mode, geometric mean - merits & demerits.

Measures of dispersion - range, standard deviation, mean deviation, quartile deviation - merits

and demerits; Co- efficient of variations.

4. Correlation: Types and methods of correlation, regression, simple regression equation, fitting

prediction, similarities and dissimilarities of correlation and regression.

5. Statistical inference: Hypothesis - simple hypothesis - student 't' test - chi square test.

Biostatistics Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33207]

1. Calculation of mean, standard deviation and standard error.

2. Calculation of correlation coefficient values and finding out the probability.

3. Calculation of F value and finding out the probability value for the F value.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Le CT (2003) Introductory biostatistics. 1st edition, John Wiley, USA

2. Glaser AN (2001) High Yield TM Biostatistics. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA

3. Edmondson A and Druce D (1996) Advanced Biology Statistics, Oxford University Press.

4. Danial W (2004) Biostatistics : A foundation for Analysis in Health Sciences, John Wiley and

Sons Inc.

3. Evolutionary Biology (THEORY) [SBT33109]

1. Life s Beginnings: Chemogeny, RNA world, Biogeny, Origin of photosynthesis, Evolution of

eukaryotes.

2. Historical review of evolutionary concept: Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism

3. Evidences of Evolution: Fossil record (types of fossils, transitional forms, geological time

scale, evolution of horse, Molecular (universality of genetic code and protein synthesising

machinery, three domains of life, neutral theory of molecular evolution, molecular clock

,example of globin gene family, rRNA/cyt c.

4. Sources of variations: Heritable variations and their role in evolution

5. Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg Law (statement and derivation of equation, application

of law to human Population); Evolutionary forces upsetting H-W equilibrium; Natural selection

(concept of fitness, selection coefficient, derivation of one unit of selection for a dominant allele,

genetic load, mechanism of working, types of selection, density-dependent selection,

heterozygous superiority, kin selection, adaptive resemblances, sexual selection. Genetic Drift mechanism, founder s effect, bottleneck phenomenon; Role of Migration and Mutation in

changing allele frequencies.

6. Product of evolution: Micro evolutionary changes (inter-population variations, clines, races,

Species concept, Isolating mechanisms, modes of speciation—allopatric, sympatric, Adaptive

radiation / macroevolution (exemplified by Galapagos finches)

7. Phylogenetic trees, Multiple sequence alignment, construction of phylogenetic trees,

interpretation of trees

2015

Evolutionary Biology Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33209]

1. Study of fossils from models/ pictures.

2. Study of homology and analogy from suitable specimens.

3. Study and verification of Hardy-Weinberg Law by chi square analysis.

4. Demonstration of role of natural selection and genetic drift in changing allele frequencies

using simulation studies.

5. Graphical representation and interpretation of data of height/ weight of a sample of 100

humans in relation to their age and sex.

6. Construction of phylogenetic trees with the help of bioinformatics tools (Clustal X, Phylip, NJ)

and its interpretation.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Ridley, M (2004) Evolution III Edition Blackwell publishing

2. Hall, B.K. and Hallgrimson, B (2008). Evolution IV Edition. Jones and Barlett Publishers.

3. Campbell, N.A. and Reece J.B (2011). Biology. IX Edition. Pearson, Benjamin, Cummings.

4. Douglas, J. Futuyma (1997). Evolutionary Biology. Sinauer Associates.

DSE – II

1. Developmental Biology (THEORY) [SBT33111]

1. Definition, scope & historical perspective of development Biology, Gametogenesis –

Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis Fertilization - Definition, mechanism, types of fertilization.

Different types of eggs on the basis of yolk.

2. Cleavage: Definition, types, patterns & mechanism Blastulation: Process, types & mechanism.

Gastrulation: Morphogenetic movements– epiboly, emboly, extension, invagination,

convergence, de-lamination. Formation & differentiation of primary germ layers, Fate Maps in

early embryos.

3. Differentiation: Cell commitment and determination- the epigenetic landscape: a model of

determination and differentiation, control of differentiation at the level of genome, transcription

and post-translation level Concept of embryonic induction: Primary, secondary & tertiary

embryonic induction, Neural induction and induction of vertebrate lens.

4. Neurulation, notogenesis, development of vertebrate eye. Fate of different primary germ

layers Development of behaviour: constancy & plasticity, Extra embryonic membranes, placenta

in Mammals.

Developmental Biology Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33211]

1. Identification of developmental stages of chick and frog embryo using permanent mounts

2. Preparation of a temporary stained mount of chick embryo

3. Study of developmental stages of Anopheles.

4. Study of the developmental stages of Drosophila from stock culture/ photographs..

5. Study of different types of placenta.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Gilbert, S. F. (2006). Developmental Biology, VIII Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers,

Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.

2. Balinsky, B.I. (2008). An introduction to Embryology, International Thomson Computer Press.

3. Kalthoff, (2000). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional.

2. Medical Microbiology (THEORY) [SBT33113]

1. Introduction: Normal microflora of human body, nosocomial infections, carriers, septic shock,

septicemia, pathogenicity, virulence factors, toxins, biosafety levels. Morphology, pathogenesis,

symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, preventive measures and chemotherapy of gram positive

bacteria: S.aureus, S.pyogenes, B.anthracis, C.perferinges, C.tetani, C.botulinum, C.diphtheriae

M.tuberculosis, M. leprae.

2. Morphology, pathogeneis, symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, preventive measures and

chemotherapy caused by gram negative bacteria: E.coli, N. gonorrhoea, N. meningitidis, P.

aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, Y. pestis, B. abortus, H. influenzae, V. cholerae, M. pneumoniae,

T. pallidum M. pneumoniae, Rickettsiaceae, Chlamydiae.

3. Diseases caused by viruses- Picornavirus, Orthomyxoviruses, Paramyxoviruses,

Rhabdoviruses, Reoviruses, Pox virus, Herpes virus, Papova virus, Retro viruses (including

HIV/AIDS) and Hepatitis viruses.

4. Fungal and Protozoan infections. Dermatophytoses (Trichophyton, Microsporun and

Epidermophyton) Subcutaneous infection (Sporothrix, Cryptococcus), systemic infection

(Histoplasma, Coccidoides) and opportunistic fungal infections (Candidiasis, Aspergillosis),

Gastrointestinal infections (Amoebiasis, Giardiasis), Blood-borne infections (Leishmaniasis,

Malaria)

Medical Microbiology Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33213]

1. Identification of pathogenic bacteria (any two) based on cultural, morphological and

biochemical characteristics.

2. Growth curve of a bacterium.

3. To perform antibacterial testing by Kirby-Bauer method.

4. To prepare temporary mounts of Aspergillus and Candida by appropriate staining. . Staining methods: Gram s staining permanent slides showing Acid fast staining, Capsule

staining and spore staining.

SUGGESTED BOOKS: . Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS and Morse SA. . Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg s Medical

Microbiology. 24th edition. McGraw Hill Publication. . Goering R, Dockrell H, Zuckerman M and Wakelin D. . Mims Medical Microbiology. 4th

edition. Elsevier. . Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. . Prescott, Harley and Klein s

Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.

3. Ecology and Environment Management (THEORY) [SBT33115]

1. Our Environment: Geological consideration of Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere Scope

of Ecology. Development & Evolution of Ecosystem. Principles & Concepts of Ecosystem.

Structure of ecosystem. Strata of an ecosystem. Types of ecosystem including habitats.

Cybernetics & Homeostasis. Biological control of chemical environment.

2. Energy transfer in an Ecosystem. Food chain, food web, Energy budget, Production &

decomposition in a system. Ecological efficiencies, Trophic structure & energy pyramids,

Ecological energetic, principles pertaining to limiting factors, Bio-geochemical cycles (N, C, P

cycles).

3. Pollution & environmental Health related to Soil, Water, Air, Food, Pesticides, Metals,

Solvents, Radiations, Carcinogen, Poisons. Detection of Environmental pollutant. Indicators &

detection systems. Bio-transformation, Plastic, Aromatics, Hazardous wastes Environmental

cleanup: Case studies.

4. Environmental biotechnologies, Biotechnologies in protection and preservation of

environment. Bioremediation, Waste disposal.

Ecology and Environment Management Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33215]

1. Study of all the biotic and abiotic components of any simple ecosystem- natural pond or

terrestrial ecosystem or human modified ecosystem.

2. Determination of population density in a terrestrial community or hypothetical community

by quadrate method and calculation of the Simpson s and Shannon- Weiner diversity index for

the same community.

3. Principle of GPS (Global Positioning System).

4. Study of the life table and fecundity table, plotting of the three types of survivorship curves

from the hypothetical data.

5. Study of the types of soil, their texture by sieve method and rapid tests for –pH, chlorides,

nitrates, carbonates and organic carbon

6. Study any five endangered/ threatened species- one from each class.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Chapman, J.L., Reiss, M.J. 1999. Ecology: Principles and applications (2nd edition) Cambridge

University Press.

2. Divan Rosencraz, Environmental laws and policies in India, Oxford Publication.

3. Ghosh, S.K., Singh, R. 2003. Social forestry and forest management. Global Vision Publishing

House

4. Joseph, B., Environmental studies, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

5. Michael Allabay, Basics of environmental science, Routledge Press.

6. Miller, G.T. 2002. Sustaining the earth, an integrated approach. (5thedition) Books/Cole,

Thompson Learning, Inc.

7. Mohapatra Textbook of environmental biotechnology IK publication.

8. Rana SVS, Environmenta lpollution – health and toxicology, Narosa Publication

9. Sinha, S. 2010. Handbook on Wildlife Law Enforcement in India. TRAFFIC, India.

10. Thakur, I S, Environmental Biotechnology, I K Publication.

DSE – III

1. Environmental Biotechnology (THEORY) [SBT33106]

1. Conventional fuels and their environmental impact – Firewood, Plant, Animal, Water, Coal

and Gas. Modern fuels and their environmental impact – Methanogenic bacteria, Biogas,

Microbial hydrogen Production, Conversion of sugar to alcohol Gasohol

2. Bioremediation of soil & water contaminated with oil spills, heavy metals and detergents.

Degradation of lignin and cellulose using microbes. Phyto-remediation. Degradation of

pesticides and other toxic chemicals by micro-organisms- degradation aromatic and chlorinates

hydrocarbons and petroleum products.

3. Treatment of municipal waste and Industrial effluents. Bio-fertilizers, Role of symbiotic and

asymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria in the enrichment of soil. Algal and fungal biofertilizers

(VAM).

4. Bioleaching, Enrichment of ores by microorganisms (Gold, Copper and Uranium).

Environmental significance of genetically modified microbes, plants and animals.

Environmental Biotechnology lab (PRACTICALS) [SBT33206]

1. Calculation of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of water sample.

2. Calculation of BOD of water sample.

3. Calculation of COD of water sample.

4. Bacterial Examination of Water by MPN Method.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Environmental Science, S.C. Santra

2. Environmental Biotechnology, Pradipta Kumar Mohapatra

3. Environmental Biotechnology – Concepts and Applications, Hans-Joachim Jordening and Jesef

Winter

4. Waste Water Engineering, Metcalf and Eddy, Tata McGraw hill

5. Agricultural Biotechnology, S.S. Purohit

6. Environmental Microbiology : Methods and Protocols, Alicia L. Ragout De Spencer, John F.T.

Spencer

7. Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology, Milton Wainwright

8. Principles of Environmental Engineering, Gilbert Masters

9. Wastewater Engineering – Metcalf & Eddy

2. Intellectual Property Rights (THEORY) [SBT33108]

1. Introduction to intellectual property right (IPR): Concept and kinds. Economic importance.

IPR in India and world: Genesis and scope, some important examples.IPR and WTO (TRIPS,

WIPO).

2. Patents: Objectives, Rights, Patent Act 1970 and its amendments. Procedure of obtaining

patents, Working of patents. Infringement.

3. Copyrights: Introduction, Works protected under copyright law, Rights, Transfer of Copyright,

Infringement.

4. Trademarks: Objectives, Types, Rights, Protection of goodwill, Infringement, Passing off,

Defenses, Domain name.

5. Geographical Indications: Objectives, Justification, International Position, Multilateral

Treaties, National Level, Indian Position.

6. Protection of Traditional Knowledge: Objective, Concept of Traditional Knowledge, Holders,

Issues concerning, Bio-Prospecting and Bio-Piracy, Alternative ways, Protectability, need for a

Sui-Generis regime, Traditional Knowledge on the International Arena, at WTO, at National

level, Traditional Knowledge Digital Library.

7. Industrial Designs: Objectives, Rights, Assignments, Infringements, Defenses of Design

Infringement

8. Protection of Plant Varieties: Plant Varieties Protection-Objectives, Justification, International

Position, Plant varieties protection in India. Rights of farmers, Breeders and Researchers.

National gene bank, Benefit sharing. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, .

9. Information Technology Related Intellectual Property Rights: Computer Software and

Intellectual Property, Database and Data Protection, Protection of Semi-conductor chips,

Domain Name Protection

10. Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights: Patenting Biotech Inventions: Objective,

Applications, Concept of Novelty, Concept of inventive step, Microorganisms, Moral Issues in

Patenting Biotechnological inventions.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Bare Act, 2007.Indian Patent Act 1970 Acts & Rules, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi.

2. Kankanala C (2007). Genetic Patent Law & Strategy, 1st Edition, Manupatra Information

Solution Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

3. Mittal, D.P. (1999). Indian Patents Law, Taxmann, Allied Services (p) Ltd.

4. Singh K K (2015). Biotechnology and Intelectual Property Rights: Legal and Social

Implications, Springer India.

5. Goel D & Prashar S (2013). IPR, Biosafety and Bioethics. Pearson

6. Senthil Kumar Sadhasivam and Mohammed Jaabir, M. S. 2008. IPR, Biosafety and

biotechnology Management. Jasen Publications, Tiruchirappalli, India.

3. Microbial Physiology (THEORY) [SBT33110]

1. Microbial Growth and Effect of Environment on Microbial Growth: Definitions of growth,

measurement of microbial growth, Batch culture, Continuous culture, generation time and

specific growth rate, synchronous growth, diauxic growth curve, Microbial growth in response

to environment -Temperature (psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, extremophiles,

thermodurics, psychrotrophs), pH (acidophiles, alkaliphiles), solute and water activity

(halophiles, xerophiles, osmophilic), Oxygen (aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophilic, facultative

aerobe, facultative anaerobe),barophilic. Microbial growth in response to nutrition and energy –

Autotroph/Phototroph, heterotrophy, Chemolithoautotroph, Chemolithoheterotroph,

Chemoheterotroph, Chemolithotroph, photolithoautotroph, Photoorganoheterotroph.

2. Nutrient uptake and Transport: Passive and facilitated diffusion, Primary and secondary

active transport, concept of uniport, symport and antiport, Group translocation, Iron uptake.

3. Chemoheterotrophic Metabolism - Aerobic Respiration: Concept of aerobic respiration,

anaerobic respiration and fermentation, Sugar degradation pathways i.e. EMP, ED, Pentose

phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, Electron transport chain: components of respiratory chain,

comparison of mitochondrial and bacterial ETC, electron transport phosphorylation, uncouplers

and inhibitors.

4. Chemoheterotrophic Metabolism- Anaerobic respiration and fermentation: Anaerobic

respiration with special reference to dissimilatory nitrate reduction (Denitrification;

nitrate/nitrite and nitrate/ammonia respiration; fermentative nitrate reduction), Fermentation

- Alcohol fermentation and Pasteur effect; Lactate fermentation (homofermentative and

heterofermentative pathways), concept of linear and branched fermentation pathways.

5. Chemolithotrophic and Phototrophic Metabolism: Introduction to aerobic and anaerobic

chemolithotrophy with an example each. Hydrogen oxidation (definition and reaction) and

methanogenesis (definition and reaction) Introduction to phototrophic metabolism - groups of

phototrophic microorganisms, anoxygenic vs. oxygenic photosynthesis with reference to

photosynthesis in green bacteria, purple bacteria and cyanobacteria.

Microbial Physiology Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33210]

1. Study and plot the growth curve of E. coli by turbidometric and standard plate count methods.

2. Calculations of generation time and specific growth rate of bacteria from the graph plotted

with the given data.

3. Effect of temperature on growth of E. coli.

4. Effect of pH on growth of E. coli.

5. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of E.coli.

6. Effect of salt on growth of E. coli.

7. Demonstration of alcoholic fermentation.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Gottschalk G. (1986). Bacterial Metabolism. 2nd edition. Springer Verlag

2. Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2003). Brock Biology of Microorganisms.10th

edition. Pearson/ Benjamin Cummings.

3. Moat AG and Foster JW. (2002). Microbial Physiology. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons.

4. Reddy SR and Reddy SM. (2005). Microbial Physiology. Scientific Publishers India.

5. Stanier RY, Ingrahm JI, Wheelis ML and Painter PR. (1987). General Microbiology. 5th edition,

McMillan Press. . Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. . Prescott, Harley and Klein s

Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.

* Purely Theoretical Papers with 6 credits.

DSE - IV: Dissertation

Each student will submit dissertation and deliver seminar on their project work under the

supervision of a faculty member. The comprehensive seminar on the project work will be evaluated

by external expert.

*These are purely Theoretical Papers with 6 credits.

ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY SYLLABUS GENERIC ELECTIVE (GE) (ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY) PAPERS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF

BIOTECHNOLOGY*:

ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY I

GE 1: DIVERSITY OF LIFE FORMS (THEORY) (SBT 31105) (SEMESTER I)

Unit 1. Protista

General characters of Protozoa; Life cycle of Plasmodium; Conjugation in Paramoecium.

Unit 2. Porifera

General characters and canal system in Porifera

Unit 3. Radiata

General characters of Cnidarians and polymorphism

Unit 4. Aceolomates

General characters of Helminthes; Life cycle of Taeniasolium

Unit 5. Pseudocoelomates

General characters of Nemethehelminthes; Parasitic adaptations

Unit 6. Coelomate Protostomes

General characters of Annelida; Metamerism.

Unit 7. Arthropoda

General characters; Social life in insects; Communication in Honey Bees.

Unit 8. Mollusca

General characters of mollusca; Torsion in gastropoda.

Unit 9. Coelomate Deuterostomes

General characters of Echinodermata; Water Vascular system in Starfish.

Unit 10. Protochordata

Salient features

Unit 11. Pisces

Outline of classification; Parental care in Fish.

Unit 12. Amphibia

General characters; Outline of classification;Paedogenesis.

Unit 13. Reptilia

Amniotes; Origin of reptiles; Outline of classificationin reptiles.

Unit 14. Aves

General characters; Flight adaptations

Unit 15. Mammalia

Outline of classification; Dentition in mammals.

ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY LAB I

DIVERSITY OF LIFE FORMS (PRACTICAL) (SBT 31205)

1. Identification and Classification of Any these of the following:

a. Non-chordate specimens: Scypha, Obelia, Sea-anaemone, Ascaris, Hirudinaria, Scorpion,

Bombyx mori, Achatina, Loligo, Starfish, Balanoglossus.

b. Chordate specimens: Branchiostoma, Petromyzon, Scolidon, Lates, Axolotl larva, Tylototriton,

Gekko; Hemidactylus, Turtle, Naja, Chiroptera.

2. Ecological Note – On any of the specimens in Exercise No 1.

3. Models of dissection of Cockroach - Cockroach: Digestive, Reproductive, Nervous System.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Barnes, R.D. (1992). Invertebrate Zoology. Saunders College Pub. USA.

2. Ruppert, Fox and Barnes (2006) Invertebrate Zoology. A functional Evolutionary Approach

7th Edition, Thomson Books/Cole

3. Campbell & Reece (2005). Biology, Pearson Education, (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.

4. Kardong, K. V. (2002). Vertebrates Comparative Anatomy. Function and Evolution. Tata

McGraw Hill Publishing Company. New Delhi.

5. Raven, P. H. and Johnson, G. B. (2004). Biology, 6th edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.

New Delhi

ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY II

GE 2: ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES, EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY (THEORY) (SBT 31106)

(SEMESTER II)

Unit 1: Introduction to Ecology

History of ecology, Autecology and synecology, Levels of organization.

Unit 2: Population

Unitary and Modular populations. Unique and group attributes of population: Density, natality,

mortality, life tables, fecundity tables, survivorship curves, age ratio, sex ratio, dispersal and

dispersion. Exponential and logistic growth, equation and patterns, r and K strategies.

Population regulation - density-dependent and independent factors.

Unit 3: Community

Community characteristics: species richness, dominance, diversity, Ecotone and edge effect.

Ecological succession with one example.

Unit 4: Ecosystem

Types of ecosystems with one example in detail, definition, components, energy flow, food

chain, food web, ecological pyramids.

Unit 5: Historical review of evolutionary concept

Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Geological time scale.

Unit 6: Sources of variations and Population genetics

Heritable variations and their role in evolution, Hardy-Weinberg Law (statement and derivation

of equation, application of law to human Population); Evolutionary forces upsetting H-W

equilibrium; Natural selection (concept of fitness, selection coefficient, derivation of one unit of

selection for a dominant allele, genetic load, mechanism of working, types of selection, density-

dependent selection, heterozygous superiority, kin selection, adaptive resemblances, sexual

selection. Genetic Drift (mechanism, founder s effect, bottleneck phenomenon; Role of Migration and Mutation in changing allele frequencies), Speciation.

Unit 7: Animal Behaviour

Instinctive and learning behaviour, Fixed action pattern, Communication in honeybees (dance

Language), Elements of Sociobiology: Altruism and selfishness.

Unit 8: Biodiversity

Basic concept of Biodiversity, Biodiversity hotspots, Conservation of wild life- purpose &

methods, concept of Biosphere Reserve, importance & strategies of wildlife conservation;

conservation act and application. National park & Wildlife Sanctuary, Animal cruelty and

prevention act.

ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY LAB II

ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES, EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY (PRACTICAL) (SBT 31206)

1. Study of life tables and plotting of survivorship curves of different types from the

hypothetical/real data provided.

2. Determination of population density in a natural/hypothetical community by quadrate

method and calculation of Shannon-Weiner diversity index for the same community.

3. Report on a visit to National Park/Biodiversity Park/Wild life sanctuary.

4. Study of fossils from models/ pictures.

5. Study and verification of Hardy-Weinberg Law by chi square analysis.

6. Construction of phylogenetic trees and its interpretation.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

1. Colinvaux, P. A. (1993). Ecology. II Edition. Wiley, John and Sons, Inc.

2. Krebs, C. J. (2001). Ecology. VI Edition. Benjamin Cummings.

3. Odum, E.P., (2008). Fundamentals of Ecology. Indian Edition. Brooks/Cole

4. Robert Leo Smith Ecology and field biology Harper and Row publisher

5. Ricklefs, R.E., (2000). Ecology. V Edition. Chiron Pres

6. Ridley,M (2004) Evolution III Edition Blackwell publishing

7. Douglas, J. Futuyma (1997). Evolutionary Biology. Sinauer Associates.