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School District of Springfield Township
Springfield Township High School Course Overview
Course Name: Biology (Academic) Grade Level: 10
Course Description Biology (Academic) is a laboratory oriented course that studies the nature of life,
ecology, cells, genetics and evolution. Emphasis is on the functions at the molecular
level.
Unit Titles Unit 1: The Science of Biology
Unit 2: The Chemistry of Life
Unit 3: Ecology
Unit 4: Populations
Unit 5: Humans in the Biosphere
Unit 6: Cell Structure and Function
Unit 7: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Unit 8: DNA and Protein Synthesis
Unit 9: Cell Division
Unit 10: Genetics
Unit 11: Evolution
Essential Questions
1. How does a scientific theory develop?
2. How do we know if something is alive?
3. How is life a product of the organization and interaction of matter?
4. How do organisms interact with and depend on each other in an ecosystem?
5. How are organisms impacted by the nonliving components of an ecosystem?
6. What factors affect population size?
7. How does the greenhouse effect maintain the biosphere’s temperature range?
8. Why is biodiversity important?
9. How is structure related to function at the various levels of cellular organization?
10. How do organisms maintain a biological balance between their internal and
external environments?
11. How do organisms obtain and use energy to carry out their life processes?
12. How do organisms use DNA and RNA to make proteins?
13. What factors affect gene expression?
14. How do biotechnologies impact the fields of medicine, forensics, and agriculture?
15. How do new cells arise from pre-existing cells?
16. How does biological inheritance affect the genotypes and phenotypes of
offspring?
17. How do natural processes as described by the theory of evolution effect change in
a population over time?
Enduring Understandings
Unit 1: The Science of Biology
Scientific terms
o Hypothesis and prediction
o Inference and observation
o Principle
o Theory
o Law
o Fact and opinion
Common Characteristics of Life
o Composed of one or more units called cells
o Obtain and use matter and energy to carry out life processes
o Reproduce and pass their genetic material on to the next generation
o Maintain homeostasis
o Grow, develop and eventually die
o Detect and respond to stimuli
o Adapt and evolve at the population level
Unit 2: The Chemistry of Life
Chemical structure of water
Polarity of water/hydrogen bonding and related properties
Examples of how the properties of water make life on earth possible
Levels of biochemical organization
Chemical properties of carbon
Structural shapes of carbon molecules
Monomers vs. polymers
Monomer that forms carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
Dehydration synthesis (condensation) and hydrolysis reactions
Basic structure of the four major classes of biological macromolecules
Importance and use of each macromolecule for biological functions
Enzymes as proteins
Enzyme and substrate specificity/interactions
Effect of enzymes on activation energy and reaction rates
Reusable nature of enzymes
Examples of enzyme controlled reactions in living things
Enzyme activity as a function of specific conditions
Effects of environmental factors (pH, temperature, concentration) on enzyme
function
Unit 3: Ecology
The levels of ecological organization
o Organism
o Population
o Community
o Ecosystem
o Biome
o Biosphere
Abiotic components of an ecosystem
Biotic components of an ecosystem
Characteristics of abiotic and biotic components of earth’s aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems
The ultimate energy source is the sun.
o Other initial sources of energy (Chemical and heat)
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Structure and components of a food chain or food web
Implications of the 10% rule/law (energy pyramids)
Habitat and niche (fundamental and realized)
Symbiotic interactions within an ecosystem
Biogeochemical cycles
o Water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen
Examples of natural disturbances affecting ecosystems
o Ecological succession
o Natural disasters
Unit 4: Population
Carrying capacity
Limiting factors
o Density dependent
o Density independent
Effects of limiting factors on population dynamics
o Biotic potential
o Environmental resistance
o Increase/decreased/stabilized population growth
o Extinction
o Increased/decreased/stabilized biodiversity
Unit 5: Humans in the Biosphere
Examples of human disturbances affecting ecosystems
o Human overpopulation
o Climate changes
o Introduction of non-native species
o Pollution
o Fires
Effects of human and natural disturbance on ecosystems
o Loss of biodiversity
o Loss of habitat
o Increased rate of extinction
o Disruption of natural biological cycles
Unit 6: Cell Structure and Function
Similarities and differences in structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Common features/functions of cells structures in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells
Levels of biological organization from organelle to multicellular organism
o Organelle
o Cell
o Tissue
o Organ
o Organ system
Chemical structure of the plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
Fluid mosaic model
Functions of the plasma membrane
Passive transport mechanisms (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
Active transport mechanisms (pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis)
Examples of Mechanisms
o Thermoregulation
o Water regulation
o Oxygen regulation
o Chemical regulations
pH/Buffer, Hormone, Electrolyte
Unit 7: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Double membrane structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Roles of mitochondria and chloroplasts in energy transformations
Catabolic vs. anabolic chemical reactions as related to metabolism
Overall (summary) chemical equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Basic energy transformations during photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Molecular structure of ATP
ATP-ADP cycle
Importance of ATP as the energy currency (fuel) for cell transport
Unit 8: DNA & Protein Synthesis
Structure of DNA
o Components of a nucleotide
o Base-pair rule (Chargaff’s Rule)
Semi-conservative/DNA replication process
Structure of eukaryotic chromosomes
Similarities and differences between DNA and RNA
Types of RNA
Transcription uses DNA to make RNA
Translation uses RNA to make a protein
Role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in assembling,
transporting, packaging, and modifying different proteins
Different types of gene mutations
Possible effect of mutation (change in the DNA sequence) on gene expression
Environmental influences on gene expression
Tools of genetic engineering (gel electrophoresis, PCR, restriction enzymes,
Bacterial and viral plasmids, recombinant DNA, gene splicing, selective breeding,
cloning, DNA sequencing)
Applications of genetic engineering
DNA fingerprinting
Genetically modified organisms in medicine and agriculture
Gene therapy
Stem cell therapy
Human Genome Project
Unit 9: Cell Division
Cell cycle in a non-reproductive, eukaryotic cell
o Interphase (G1, S, G2)
o Nuclear division (mitosis)
o Cytokinesis (plant vs. animal cells)
Phases of mitosis; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Phases of meiosis in diploid, gern-line stem cells
Importance of mitosis and meiosis
Outcomes of mitosis and meiosis
Importance of chromosome composition and number in controlling gene
expression
Unit 10: Genetics
Common patterns of inheritance
Tools for predicting patterns of inheritance
o Punnett square
o Pedigree
o Mathematics of probability
Relationship between genotype and phenotype
Unit 11: Evolution
Principles of inheritance as they relate to evolution
Fundamental principles of natural selection
Factors that contribute to speciation
o Isolating mechanisms
o Genetic drift
o Founder effect
o Migration
Examples of variation in populations
Evidence of Evolution
o Fossil
o Anatomical
o Physiological
o Embryological
o Biochemical
o Universal genetic code
Key Skills/Processes
Unit 1: The Science of Biology
Explain the goal of science
o Form a hypothesis
o Describe how scientists test hypothesis
o Explain how a scientific theory develops
o Describe characteristics of living things
o How can life be studied at different levels?
o What measurement systems do most scientists use?
o How are light microscopes and electron microscopes similar? How are
they different?
o Describe two common laboratory techniques
o Explain why it is important to work safely in biology
Explain homeostasis
Unit 2: The Chemistry of Life
Describe the unique properties of water
Explain how the unique properties of water make life on earth possible
Describe the structure of a carbon atom
Explain how carbon atoms bond to form biological macromolecules
Describe how biological macromolecules form from monomers
Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acid in organisms
Explain how enzymes act as catalysts to regulate biochemical reactions
Explain how environmental factors affect the function and reaction rate of
enzymes
Interpret graphs to analyze enzyme catalyzed reactions
Unit 3: Ecology
Describe and differentiate between the levels of ecological organization
Describe characteristic biotic and abiotic components of terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems
Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem
Describe biotic interactions within an ecosystem
Describe the niche of an organism
Describe how matter recycles in an ecosystem
Describe how ecosystems change in response to natural and human
disturbances
Unit 4: Populations
Describe the effects of limiting factors on population dynamics and
potential species extinction
Unit 5: Humans in the Biosphere
Identify the characteristics of sustainable development
Describe how human activities affect land, air and water resources
Define biodiversity and explain its value
Identify current threats to biodiversity
Describe the goal of conservation biology
Describe two types of global change of concern to biologists
Unit 6: Cell Structure and Function
Describe the common characteristics exhibited by all living things-both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at the
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and multicellular organism
level of organization
Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function
as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for a cell
Compare and contrast active vs. passive transport mechanisms
Describe how membrane-bound cellular organelles facilitate intracellular
transport of materials
Explain mechanisms organism use to maintain homeostasis
Unit 7: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Describe the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells
Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) and
mitochondria in energy transformations
Compare the basic transformations of energy during photosynthesis and
cellular respiration
Describe the structure of ATP
Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions
Unit 8: DNA and Protein Synthesis
Describe how DNA replication results in the transmission and/or
conservation of the genetic information
Explain the structural relationships between DNA, genes and
chromosomes
Explain the unified process of protein synthesis
Describe the role of the nucleus, ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus in
the production and processing of proteins
Describe how genetic mutations alter DNA sequence and may or may not
affect the expression of a gene
Describe tools used in genetic engineering
Describe applications of genetic engineering
Explain how genetic engineering has impacted the fields of medicine,
forensics, and agriculture
Unit 9: Cell Division
Describe the events that occur during the cell cycle
Compare and contrast the processes and outcomes of mitotic and meiotic
nuclear divisions
Describe processes that can alter composition or number of chromosomes
(chromosomal mutations)
Unit 10 - Genetics
Explain the functional relationships between DNA, genes, alleles, and
chromosomes and their role in inheritance
Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance
Unit 11 - Evolution
Explain how natural selection can impact allele frequencies of a
population
Describe the factors that can contribute to the development of a new
species
Explain now genetic mutations may result in genotypic and phenotypic
variations within a population
Interpret evidence supporting the theory of evolution
Use scientific terms properly in written and oral form
Key Vocabulary
Unit 1 – The Science of Biology science, observation, data, inference, hypothesis, spontaneous generation, controlled
experiment, manipulated (independent) variable, responding (dependent) variable,
theory, biology, catabolism, anabolism, metabolism, homeostasis, metric system,
compound light microscope, electron microscope, cell culture, cell fractionation,
inference, thermoregulation, stimuli
Unit 2 – The Chemistry of Life
matter, Atom, nucleus, electron, neutron, proton, element, isotope, ion, compound, ionic
bond, covalent bond, molecule, vander Waals forces, cohesion, surface tensions
transpiration, solution, solute, solvent, suspensions, pH scale, acid, base, buffer,
monomer, polymer, polymerization, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, polysaccharides,
dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis, lipids, nucleic acids, nucleotides, ribonucleic acid,
deoxyribonucleic acid, protein, amino acids, chemical reaction, reactants, products,
activation energy, catalyst, enzymes, substrates, active site, digestion, amylase,
peristalsis, villi
Unit 3 – Ecology ecology, biosphere, species populations, communities, ecosystem, biome, autotrophs,
producers, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores,
detrivore, decomposers, food chain, food web, trophic level, ecological pyramid,
biomass, biogeochemical cycles, water cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorous cycle, carbon
cycle, evaporation, transpiration, nutrients, nitrogen fixation, denitrification, primary
productivity, limiting nutrient, algal bloom, weather, climate, greenhouse effect, polar
zones, temperate zones, tropical zone, biotic factors, abiotic factors, niche, resource,
competitive exclusion principle, predation, symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism,
parasitism, ecological succession, primary succession, pioneer species, secondary
succession, biome, tolerance, taiga, permafrost, plankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton,
wetland, estuaries, detritus, salt marshes, mangrove swamps, photic zone, aphotic zone,
zonation, coastal ocean, kelp forests, coral reefs, benthos
Unit 4 – Populations
population density, immigration, emigration, exponential growth, logistic growth,
carrying capacity, limiting factor, density-dependent limiting factor, predator-prey
relationship, density-independent limiting factors, demography, demographic transition,
age-structure diagram
Unit 5 – Humans in the Biosphere
agriculture, monoculture, green revolution, renewable resources, nonrenewable
resource, sustainable development, soil erosion, desertification, deforestation,
aquaculture, smog, pollutant, acid rain, biodiversity, genetic diversity, extinction,
endangered species, habitat fragmentation, biological magnification, nonnative species,
conservation, ozone layer, global warming, extinction
Unit 6 – Cell Structure and Function
cell theory, nucleus, eukaryotes, prokaryotes, organelles, cytoplasm, nuclear envelope,
chromatin, chromosomes, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi
apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, centrioles,
cell membrane, cell wall, lipid bilayer, plasma membrane, selectively permeable,
vesicles, concentration gradient, diffusion, equilibrium, osmosis, isotonic, hypertonic,
hypotonic, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis,
exocytosis, pumps, cell specialization, tissue, organ, organ system, nephron, alveoli,
neuron, action potential, synapse, neurotransmitter
Unit 7 – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
autotroph, heterotroph, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, photosynthesis, pigments,
chlorophyll, thylakoids, photosystems, stroma, NADP+, light-dependent reactions,
ATP synthase, Calvin Cycle, calorie, glycolysis, cellular respiration, NAD+,
fermentation, anaerobic, aerobic, Krebs, cycle, electron transport chain
Unit 8 – DNA and Protein Synthesis
adenine, amino acids, anticodon, Chargaff’s Rule, chromosomes, codon, complimentary
strand, cytosine, deletion, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), deoxyribose, DNA replication,
double helix, endoplasmic reticulum, enzymes, frameshift mutation, gene mutation
genes, guanine, hydrogen bond, insertion, missense, nonsense, nucleotide, nucleus,
parent strand, phenotype, phosphate group, point mutation, polypeptides, proteins,
ribonucleic acid (RNA) ribosomes, semi-conservative model, thymine, transcription,
translation, triplet, uracil, biotechnology, cloning, DNA fingerprinting, DNA
sequencing, electrophoresis, gene splicing, gene therapy, genetic engineering,
genetically modified organisms, plasmids, polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
recombinant DNA, restriction enzymes, selective breeding, stem cell, transgenic
organism
Unit 9 – Cell Division
cell division, mitosis, cytokinesis, chromatids, centromeres, interphase, cell cycle,
prophase, centrioles, spindle, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cleavage furrow, cyclin,
cancer, homologous, diploid, haploid, meiosis, somatic cells, germ-line cells, zygote,
daughter cells, chromatin, chromatid, histone, centromere, spindle (fiber)
Unit 10 – Genetics
genetics, fertilization, true-breeding, trait, hybrid, gene allele, segregation, gamete,
probability punett square, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, genotype, gene map,
independent assortment, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles,
polygenic traits, karyotype, sex chromosomes, autosomes, pedigree, sex-linked,
nondisjunction, test cross
Unit 11 - Evolution
evolution, fossil, natural selection, artificial selection, struggle for existence, fitness,
adaptation, survival of the fittest, homologous structures, vestigial organs, convergent
evolution, allele frequency, speciation, geographic isolation, speciation, genetic drift,
founder effect, migration
Core Resources:
Miller/Levine – Prentice Hall Biology text book, 2008, Pearson Education, Inc.
Miller/Levine – Prentice Hall Biology Reading and Study Workbook, 2008
Miller/Levine – Prentice Hall Biology Laboratory Manual, 2008
Pennsylvania Keystone Standards Guiding Course
Unit 1 – The Science of Biology
3.1.1.10.A1. Explain the characteristics of life common to all organisms
3.1.B.A9. Distinguish between the scientific terms: hypothesis, inference, law, theory,
principle, fact and observation
Unit 2 – The Chemistry of Life
3.1.B.A8, 3.1.B.A5, 4.2.5.C. Describe the unique properties of water and how these
properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion)
3.1.B.A7, 3.2.C.A2. Explain how carbon is uniquely suited to form biological
macromolecules
3.1.B.A7, 3.1.B.A8, 3.1.B.A2, 3.1.C.A2, 3.1.C.A7. Describe how biological
macromolecules form from monomers
3.1.B.A7, 3.1.B.A2, 3.1.C.A2, 3.1.C.A7. Compare the structure and function of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms
3.1.B.A2, 3.1.B.A7. Describe the role of an enzyme as a catalyst in regulating a specific
biochemical reaction
3.1.B.A2, 3.1.B.A7. Explain how factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration
levels can affect enzyme function
Unit 3 – Ecology
4.1.4.A, 4.1.10.A, 4.4.6.A, 4.5.3.D, 4.1.7.A, 4.1.7.C. Describe the levels of ecological
organization (i.e., organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere)
4.1.7.A, 4.1.4.B, 4.1.4.C, 4.4.3.C, 4.1.3.A, 4.2.10.A, 4.4.5.C. Describe characteristic
biotic and abiotic components of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
4.1.4.C, 4.1.10.C, 4.1.3,C, 4.1.5.A, 4.1.7.C, 4.1.12.C, 4.1.5.C. Describe how energy
flows through an ecosystem (e.g., food, chains, food webs, energy pyramids)
4.1.7.A, 4.1.10.A, 4.5.3.D, 4.5.6.D Describe biotic interactions in an ecosystem (e.g.,
competition, predation, symbiosis)
4.1.4B, 4.2.7.A, 4.5.4.C, 4.3.4.D, 4.1.7.B, 4.3.12.A, 4.5.8.C, 3.1.B.A2, 4.2.5.A, 4.4.3.C.
Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem(i.e., water cycle, carbon cycle,
oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle
Unit 4 – Populations
4.1.4.A, 4.2.10.C, 4.2.10.A, 4.4.6.B, 4.1.10.A, 4.5.3.D, 4.2.7.A, 4.4.3.C, 4.1.12.A,
4.5.5.D, 4.2.8.A, 4.4.5.C, 4.1.7.E, 4.5.6.D, 4.2.10.B, 4.5.7.B, 4.1.10.E, 4.5.10.D, 4.4.6.A,
4.5.7.C, 4.1.4.E. Describe the effects of limiting factors on population dynamics and
potential species extinction
Unit 5 – Humans in the Biosphere
4.4.10A, 4.1.7.E, 4.2.10.B, 4.3.10.B, 4.1.10.B, 4.1.10.E, 4.2.12.B, 4.5.10.B, 4.1.12.A,
4.5.10.D, 4.2.10.C, 4.5.12.B, 4.1.4.A, 4.2.8.A, 4.2.12.C, 4.5.4.C, 4.1.as.C, 4.2.10.A,
4.3.12.A, 4.5.7.C, 4.1.4.E, 4.2.12.A. Describe how ecosystems change in response to
natural and human disturbances (e.g., climate changes, introduction of nonnative species,
pollution, fires)
Unit 6 – Cell Structure and Function
3.1.B.A1, 3.1.B.C2, 4.1.3.A, 4.1.4.A. Describe the characteristics of life shared by all
prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
3.1.B.A5, 3.1.B.C2. Compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
3.1.B.A5, 3.1.B.A6, 3.1.B.A1. Describe and interpret relationships between structure and
function of various levels of biological organization (i.e., organelles, cells, tissues,
organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms)
3.1.B.A5, 3.1.B.A2, 3.1.B.A4, 3.1.B.A7, 3.2.C.A1, 3.2.P.B6. Describe how the structure
of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or protective
barrier for a cell
3.1.B.A5, 3.1.B.A2, 3.1.B.A7, 3.2.C.A1, 3.2.P.B6. Compare the mechanisms that
transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e., passive transport-diffusion,
osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport-pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis)
3.1.B.A5, 3.1.B.A2. Describe how membrane0bound cellular organelles (e.g.,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus) facilitate the transport of materials within a cell
3.1.B.A8, 3.1.B.A5, 4.5.4.D, 4.2.4.C. Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis
(e.g., thermoregulation, water regulation, oxygen regulation)
3.1.12.A1. Relate changes in the environment to various organisms’ ability to
compensate using homeostatic mechanisms
3.1.B.A5, 3.1.B.B3, 3.1.B.B5, 3.1.C.B3. Describe the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus and the nucleus in the production of specific types of proteins
Unit 7 – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
3.1.B.A2, 3.1.B.A5, 3.1.C.A1. Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g.,
chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy transformations
3.1.B.A2, 3.1.B.A5, 3.1.C.A1, 4.1.10.C. Compare the basic transformation of energy
during photosynthesis and cellular respiration
3.1.B.A2, 3.1.C.A1, 3.1.C.A2. Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions
Unit 8 – DNA and Protein Synthesis
3.1.B.B1, 3.1.B.B3, 3.1.B.B5, 3.1.B.C2, 3.1.C.C2. Describe how the process of DNA
replication results in the transmission and/or conservation of genetic information
3.1.B.B1, 3.1.B.B3, 3.1.B.B5, 3.1.C.B3, 3.1.C.C2. Describe how the processes of
transcription and translation are similar in all organisms
3.1.B.B1, 3.1.B.B3, 3.1.B.C2, 3.1.C.B3, 3.1.C.C2. Describe how genetic mutations alter
the DNA sequence and may or may not affect phenotype (e.g., silent, nonsense, frame-
shift)
3.1.B.B4, 4.4.7.A, 4.4.10.A, 4.4.12.A, 4.4.7.B, 4.4.10.B, 4.4.12.B. Explain how genetic
engineering has impacted the fields of medicine, forensics, and agriculture (e.g., selective
breeding, gene splicing, cloning, genetically modified organisms, gene therapy)
Unit 9 – Cell Division
3.1.B.A4, 3.1.B.A5, 3.1.B.B2, 3.1.B.B3, 3.1.B.B5, 3.1.B.C2, 3.1.C.C2. Describe the
events that occur during the cell cycle; interphase, nuclear division (i.e., mitosis, or
meiosis), cytokinesis
3.1.B.A4, 3.1.B.A5, 3.1.B.B2, 3.1.B.B3, 3.1.B.B5, 3.1.B.C2, 3.1.C.C2. Compare the
processes and outcomes of mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions
Unit 10 – Genetics
3.1.B.V1, 3.1.B.B5, 3.1.B.B2, 3.1.B.B3, 3.1.C.C2. Explain the functional relationships
between DNA, genes, alleles and chromosomes and their roles in inheritance.
3.1.BB5. Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (i.e., dominant,
recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple
alleles)
3.1.B.B1, 3.1.B.B2, 3.1.B.B3, 3.1.C.C2. Describe processes that can alter composition or
number of chromosomes (i.e., crossing-over, non-disjunction, duplication, translocation,
deletion, insertion and inversion)
Unit 11 – Evolution
3.1.B.C1. Explain how natural selection can impact allele frequencies of a population
3.1.B.C1, 3.1.B.C2. Describe the factors that can contribute to the development of a new
species (e.g., isolating mechanisms, genetic drift, founder effect, migration)
3.1.B.C2, 3.1.B.B1. Explain how genetic mutations may result in genotypic and
phenotypic variations within a population
3.1.B.C3, 3.1.B.C1, 3.1.B.B3. Interpret evidence supporting the theory of evolution (i.e.,
fossil, anatomical, physiological, embryological, biochemical and universal genetic code)
Prepared June 2011-NS
Approved-chr
