SCB_041945

APRIL 1945

SURVEY OF

CURRENTBUSINESS

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Survey of

CURRENTBUSINESS

VOLUME 25, No. 4

Statutory Functions "The Bureau ofForeign and Domestic Commerce • • • tofoster, promote, and develop the foreignand domestic commerce of the UnitedStates" [Law creating the Bureau, Aug.23,1912 [37 Slat. 408].]

w

Department of CommerceField Service

Atlanta 3, Ga.s 603 Rhodes Bldg.Ffcr»otr»« 0 TVTacc 1 RAH Pnetrtmlinnapuoston y, iviass., IOUU v»usiomiiousc.

Buffalo 3, N. Y., 242 Federal Bldg.Charleston 3, S. C, Chamber of Commerce

Bldg.Chicago 4, 111., 357 U. S. Courthouse.Cincinnati 2, Ohio, Chamber of Commerce.Cleveland 14, Ohio, 750 Union Commerce

Bldg.Dallas 2, Tex., Chamber of Commerce Bldg.Denver 2, Colo., 566 Customhouse.Detroit 26, Mich., 371 New Federal Bldg.Houston 14, Tex., 603 Federal Office Bldg.Jacksonville 1, Fla., 425 Federal Bldg.Kansas City 6, Mo., 724 Dwight Bldg.Los Angeles 12, Calif., 1540 U. S. Post Office

and Courthouse.Memphis 3, Tenn., 229 Federal Bldg.Minneapolis 1, Minn., 201 Federal Bldg.New Orleans 12, La., 408 Maritime Bldg.New York 18, N. Y., Room 1950, 500 Fifth

Ave.Philadelphia 2, Pa., 1510 Chestnut St.Pittsburgh 19, Pa., 1013 New Federal Bldg.Portland 4, Oreg., Room 313, 520 S. W. Mor-

rison St.Richmond 19, Va., 601 Atlantic Life Bldg.St. Louis 1, Mo., 107 New Federal Bldg.San Francisco 11, Calif., 307 Customhouse.Savannah, Ga., 403 U. S. Post Office and

Courthouse Bldg.Seattle 4, Wash., 809 Federal Office Bldg.

APRIL 1945

Contents

THE BUSINESS SITUATION

Consumer Buying StrongCivilian Manufactured ProductsFood SuppliesCivilian Use of Petroleum ProductsThe Mexico City Conference

INDUSTRIAL CONCENTRATION OF EMPLOY-MENT

TRENDS IN TEXTILES AND CLOTHING

STATISTICAL DATA:

Page

1

34

579

10

15

S-l

i \ 01C—Contents of this publication are not copyrighted andmay be reprinted freely. Mention of source will be appreciated•

Published by the Department of Commerce, HENRY A. WALLACE, Secretary, and issued through the Bureauof Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Amos E. Taylor, Director. Subscription price of the monthly SURVEY OFCURRENT BUSINESS, $2; Foreign, $2.75 a year. Single copy, 20 cents. Price of the 1942 Supplement is 50 cents.Make remittances only to Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.


The Business SituationBy Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce

THE outstanding characteristic of theopening months of 1945 was the shift

in perspective on the economic outlookfrom the beginning to the end of the firstquarter. The opening weeks of the yearsaw a spurt in orders on the books ofmanufacturers reminiscent of themonths following Pearl Harbor, uppingof military requests for civilian-typegoods as well as combat materiel, andconsequent growing concern over thepossibility of reductions in civilian sup-plies. By the end of March, the empha-sis began to shift again to forthcomingcutbacks of munitions programs and theanticipation of the economic conse-quences of the reductions to follow V-Eday.

Despite these developments, the dis-tinguishing feature of economic activityin the first quarter was its similarity,rather than contrast, with the precedingquarter.

The major reason for the shifting ofemphasis from rising military require-ments is the forward march of the AlliedArmies into Central Germany. Plansand programs in the early part of thequarter were still influenced by the Ger-man counterattack resulting in the Bat-tle of the Bulge. But by the end ofMarch, the Rhine was no longer a bar-rier, General Eisenhower could an-nounce a breaching of the entire West-ern Front, the last of the large industrialareas of Germany was being lopped off,and Allied forces from the East werepushing through Austria.

The effect of these developments wasoutlined in the second report by theDirector of War Mobilization and Re-conversion issued at the end of March.The report indicated that plans werebeing effectuated for a large release ofresources from munitions production inthe first quarter following the defeat ofGermany.

The victory in Europe will, therefore,signify an appreciable shift in the dis-tribution of resources. Although mili-tary production will remain high andadequate, a considerable easing of thecivilian supply situation will become pos-sible and the over-all economic indica-tors will reflect an easing of the pressurefor production.New Orders Higher—Output Steady.

Business activity in the first quarterwas dominated, however, by the pres-sure of military procurement, as evi-denced by the unusual sharp increase innew orders placed with manufacturers.These were larger than in the last quar-ter of 1944, and about one-fifth abovethe first quarter of last year. The risewas entirely the result of a marked gainin new business reported by durablegoods producers.

The explanation of the spurt in orderslies in the effectiveness of the policiesurged on industry by the services andthe War Production Board to get orders

placed as early in the year as possible,and in the placing of new orders whileprocurement policies were heavily in-fluenced by the Belgium Bulge.

The striking aspect of this new orderspurt was that it was out of proportionto the trend in shipments or the exist-ing schedules of production for the re-mainder of the year. There have beenearlier instances during the war whenheavy bunching of orders was one aspectof rising output ahead. The spurt thisyear was not a forerunner of rising pro-duction.

A glance at the lower middle sectionof the chart on this page shows estimatedmanufacturers' shipments in the first,quarter of this year only slightly abovethose of the corresponding quarter a yearago. This is representative of the slightchange characteristic of the past yearand, as has been pointed out in earlierissues of the SURVEY, there will be no im-portant change until the cutbacks inmunitions reduce aggregate output.

Slight Shift in Resources.

The contrast between the expansion oforders and production trends and mili-tary schedules ahead is a factor in theconcern over the outlook for civiliansupplies. While the order upsurge didnot presage a similar expansion in out-put, the overflowing high priority orderson the books of manufacturers pointedto the seeming lack of room for civilianoutput. These have to be examined crit-

ically and weighed carefully before con-cluding that they indicate a fundamentalchange in available supplies.

Viewed in this manner, the policy de-cisions for the first half of this year,though resulting in many changes inprograms and schedules, did not call forany significant alteration in either theaggregate goods and services producedor in the distribution of resources be-tween the military and civilian sectors ofthe economy. They meant, however,that expectations that there would be atransfer of resources to nonmilitary pro-grams, as a result of declines in somesegments of munitions production, wouldnot be realized because other newly ex-panded munitions programs would ab-sorb these released resources.

Strains Evident.Naturally, the stresses and strains of

three years of war economy continued toshow up in the first quarter of this year.Some civilian products were in tightersupply and changing military demandsaffected the position of others". In someareas, pre-war stocks were getting nearthe depletion point.

The aggregate picture of new civiliansupply in the first quarter of this year,however, did not differ appreciably fromlast year, as can be seen, for example, inthe way shipments of manufacturedgoods to civilians held up in the firstthree months of the year and in therecord retail trade of the past fewmonths.

Chart 1.—Business Indicators

INDEX, 1ST QR. 1939 = 10040 0

300

200

100

0

400

300

200 -

100 -

" 1943 1944 1945

INCOME_ PAYMENTS

HIWAGE EARNERS,

_ MANUFACTURING

111

RETAIL_ PRICES

inMANUFACTURERS'SHIPMENTS _ _in

FARM MARKET-_ INGS, VOLUME

inCOMMODITYTRANSPORTATION _

HI1943 1944 1945

FIRST QUARTER —

INDEX, 1ST QR. 1939 = 10040 0

300

200

100

0

400

300

] 200

100

1943 1944 |945

D. D. 45-213

Sources : U. S. Department of Commerce, except farm marketings and wage earners which wererecomputed with the first quarter of 1939 as base from indexes of the U. S. Departments of Agricul-ture and Labor, respectively. The first quarter of 1945 wTas estimated by the U. S. Department ofCommerce.

634686—45-Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS April 1945

Military Schedules.The essence of the situation is that the

increases in the military schedules initi-ated in December and January predi-cated upon indefinite prolongation of thewar in Europe, resulted in a program forthis year that is smaller than the 1944program set forth at the beginning ofthat year, and about equal to the actualproduction of last year.

Recent developments have called intoquestion the need for much of the ex-pansion in those military programs withpeaks ahead—as in segments such asammunition and some other groundArmy equipment.

Cuts in the naval vessel as well asother military programs have been an-nounced. Thus, it is highly unlikely un-der any circumstances that the 1945 pro-gram, as built up over the year end, rep-resents a probability of what will actu-ally be required.

Munitions Employment Steadies.With this background, the over-all

economic aspects of the first quarter arerecognized as much in the same patternas the preceding five quarters. A majorexception was that the decline in muni-tions employment which began in late1943 came to a halt in the first 3 monthsof this year.

The concerted drive to recruit laborfor the urgent programs and the highermunitions schedules set ahead served tomaintain employment in munitionsplants even with the volume reached lastNovember. Considerable progress wasmade during January and February inplacing workers where needed. The Di-rector of War Mobilization and Recon-version announced that in these monthsthe United States Employment Servicedirected 2 million persons to war andwar-supporting jobs. Approximately450,000 of these were placed in "must"plants, accounting for a net addition of150,000 employees after allowance for300,000 separations.

Employment in all manufacturing in-dustries combined showed the same rel-ative stability in the first quarter. Thelower left-hand panel of the chart onpage 1, especially when compared withthe adjoining panel on shipments, por-trays the main movements that havetaken place.

The rise in manufacturers shipmentsbetween the first quarter of 1943 and1944 was accomplished with a very slightincrease in employment. But betweenthe comparable quarters of 1944 and 1945the rise in output per worker throughmore effective utilization of facilitiesand manpower as over-all peak rates ofoperations were reached, was larger thanthe expansion of shipments. The de-cline in the number of employees re-flected this factor, rather than anyshortage of labor, notwithstanding thatreal difficulties were encountered in ade-quately staffing some plants.

The retardation of the decline in em-ployment in the initial quarter of thisyear indicates efforts made to staff theplants having rising schedules, and plac-ing of new orders with others whichtended to halt the reduction.

Chart 2.—Sales of Retail Stores,Seasonally Adjusted

INDEX, 1st QR. 1944 = 100120

100

90

120

100

90

130

120

110

90

80 L

DURABLE GOODSSTORES **.

+ ALL RETAIL STORES

^NONDURABLE GOODS STORES 1/

FOOD STORES'i

EATING ANDDRINKING PLACES

MEN'S CLOTHING ANDFURNISHINGS STORESV

'SHOE STORES

s WOMEN'S APPAREL ANDACCESSORIES STORES

2nd QR. 3rd QR.

19444th QR. 1st QR. (Est.)

^^1945-â a 45-214

1 Includes sales for some nondurable goodsstores not shown separately in the chart.

Source : U. S. Department of Commerce.

Munitions Output Maintained.

Despite the considerable shifting inoutput among munitions programs—withits emphasis on improved materiel, as incommunication equipment and the heav-ier and more complicated models of air-craft and tanks—aggregate munitionsoutput was maintained in the first quar-ter at approximately the same volume asin the preceding quarter.

The major changes in composition be-tween the fourth quarter of 1944 and thepast three months were the increase inammunition and aircraft, especially thelong-range heavy bombers, and a con-tinuation of the decline in shipbuilding.Outstanding accomplishments were reg-istered in the critical programs that re-quire steep rises in output. In February,the latest month for which detailed in-formation is available, output of thecritical programs averaged 9 percentabove January—equivalent to betterthan a 20 percent gainin the daily rateof production.Revisions in Measures.

The statistics of munitions output indollar terms have recently been revisedfor 1943 and 1944. The estimates ofmunitions output are designed to meas-ure changes in the volume of output, andthe dollar totals are a summation of thephysical volume of individual items mul-tiplied by their respective "standard"prices.

In general, the prices used have beenas of August 1943, but the considerablechanges since that time have been takeninto account to give, in effect, a newweighting in some items. Since the pricechanges were generally downward theseresult in lowered dollar aggregates.They likewise lower the increase as maybe seen in the following comparison oftotal munitions production in billions ofdollars:

Revisedestimates

56.361.2

Instead of a 12 percent rise in 1944over 1943 the current totals show 9 per-cent.

The major reason for the revision wasthe adjustment in prices for some typesof aircraft, though there were smallchanges in most of the major munitionscategories. The effect of the adjustmentfor 1944 by type of product is presentedbelow, the figures again being aggregatesin billions of dollars:

1943_1944_

Previousestimates

.___ 56.9

.___ 63.8

Aircraft-.ShipsGuns and fire control .AmmunitionCombat and motor vehicles-Communication and electronic

equipment. __Other equipment and supplies-

Total

Previousestimates

IS 914.03.36 75.3

4.311. 1

63.8

lie visedestimates

16 713.73.46 75.4

4. 211.0

61.2

Railroad Traffic Lower.The high volume of output continued

to exert pressure on the Nation's trans-portation system during the first quarter.Special difficulties imposed by the severeweather conditions and the heavy exportmovements, particularly on the WestCoast, created no serious bottlenecksaside from some localized shortages offreight cars.

Both railroad freight and passengertraffic were below the correspondingquarter of 1944. The unusually bad win-ter significantly reduced the turn-aroundtime of freight cars and thus decreasedrailroad capacity. Carloadings declined2 percent from last year.

The decreasing military demand forrailroad passenger accommodations asour continental forces declined, and fur-ther restrictions on civilian travel, re-sulted in a drop of 4 or 5 percent inpassenger-miles.

In contrast, other segments of thetransportation system handled moretraffic. Truck tonnages in the first quar-ter, despite the weather, were back atfirst quarter 1944 volumes after showingdeclines throughout the months of 1944.The supply of truck tires, while stillcritical, was eased somewhat by increasedallocations to the trucking industry.

The attainment of practical capacityoperation of the emergency pipelines bythe latter months of last year precludedany further significant gain in the earlymonths of 1945. However, total pipelineoperations were about 20 percent higherthan in the first quarter of last year.


April 1945

Domestic airline and waterway trafficlikewise was higher than last year.

Livestock Flow Reduced.In contrast to the maintenance of

manufacturing and munitions output, theflow of farm products to market wassomewhat lower in the first quarter of1945, as compared with the same quarterof 1944. However, it was still above thefirst quarter of 1943 volume.

The sharp decline in the movement oflivestock and its products, reflectinglargely the continuation of the down-ward trend in hog slaughterings, morethan offset the larger crop movementwhich was stimulated by special contra-seasonal marketings in January andFebruary and, to a lesser extent, inMarch.

The lateness of the harvest resulted ina delayed movement of cotton and cot-ton seed to market in the last few monthsof 1944, and the past quarter witnessedunusually high marketings of these com-modities.

Income Payments Continue To Rise.

Because of the later marketings ofsome crops, agricultural income pay-ments were up on a seasonally adjustedbasis. Income payments to individuals inthe nonagricultural categories in the pastquarter continued the steady rise whichwas typical of 1944, all groups experi-encing gains. The largest absolute in-creases occurred in manufacturing andtrade. Military payments continued toexpand though at a lower rate than pre-vailed throughout 1944.

The flow of income in the first 3 monthsof 1945 was equivalent to the annual rate(seasonally adjusted) of about 164 bil-lion dollars. In the correspondingfirst quarter 1944 total was 155 billion,and the full year 1944 aggregate was 157billion. The steady rise in income and theconsequent higher potential consumer de-mand showed in highly active retail tradelittle disturbed by price increases and theshift in consumer supplies to the higher-priced lines.

Consumer Buying StrongConsumer buying chalked up another

record during the first quarter of 1945.Retail stores experienced unprecedentedpre-Easter business. One of the chieffactors behind this buying rush verylikely was apprehension by consumersover the possible disappearance of high-quality goods, particularly clothing, andover predictions of more acute shortagesand more drastic restrictions on civiliangoods production.

Sales of retail stores during the firstquarter of this year are estimated at 17billion dollars, 11 percent above the samequarter of 1944. This gain is significant,especially in the light of what happenedlast year. In 1944, March sales wereboosted not only by heavy pre-Easterbuying but a wave of pretax purchasingon such items as jewelry, toiletries, furs,handbags, and liquor. New Federal ex-cise taxes, which became effective April1, 1944, stimulated a rush to stock up onsuch goods.

SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS

The value of retail inventories at theend of January was slightly below thesame month of 1944. The rising vol-ume of sales in the face of fairly stableflow of aggregate supplies must in-evitably result in inroads being madeinto retail inventories.

Apparel Sales Lead.Consumer interest has naturally cen-

tered in new spring apparel and acces-sories. Department stores all over thecountry reported the largest pre-Eastersales on record. Apparel and generalmerchandise stores averaged gains of 25and 15 percent, respectively, over salesin the first quarter of 1944.

The War Production Board's an-nouncement that it would channel thelarger part of the civilian supply of fab-rics into low-cost merchandise directedconsumer attention to quality apparel.This development helped to stimulate theEaster buying.

Sales of apparel stores during the firstquarter were 18 percent above the firstquarter, 1944, after adjusting for theearlier date of Easter this year and forthe additional day in February last year.As can be seen from chart 2, shoe storesales have shown a sharp upward trendsince the second quarter of 1944.

In addition to heavy Easter buying, theincrease in shoe sales during the firstquarter of 1945 was accelerated by therelease of "odd-lot" shoes from rationingin February. Stock of shoes at retailstores are well below a year ago.Furthermore, an increasing portion of

current stocks is composed of unra-tioned, less durable type of footwear.

Although the sales trend of women'swear stores has been upward for the pastyear, their inventories at the end of Jan-uary were valued above the precedingyear. The decline in the first quarterfrom the heavy Christmas buying inmen's wear stores was more than sea-sonal. Full replacement of merchandisesold was no longer possible and retailstocks of men's wear at the end of thequarter were below a year ago.

Clothing prices advanced 6 percentover the first quarter of 1944, the largestincreases occurring in women's apparel.Lack of standardization makes it par-ticularly difficult to correct for pricechanges in this field, but it is common ob-servation that quality deterioration andupgrading of merchandise have been im-portant factors in the expansion of salesin these lines.

A detailed analysis of the textile andclothing situation is given in the articleon this subject in this issue.Food Sales Up Despite Rationing.

Food store sales during the first threemonths of 1945 were 9 percent above lastyear but slightly below the fourth quar-ter aggregate on a seasonally adjustedbasis (chart 2). Shortages of civiliansupplies of meat and butter relative todemand resulted in all meats being placedagain under rationing late in December.In addition, a sharp increase was effec-tive in ration point requirements forbutter and those meats which had con-tinued to be rationed in 1944. Most

Chart 3.—Manufacturers9 Shipments, War and Nonwar

BILLIONS OF DOLLARS100

8 0

6 0

4 0

20

NONDURABLE GOODSINDUSTRIES

DURABLE GOODSINDUSTRIES _


— 40

— 20

1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1941 1942 1943 1944-« FIRST QUARTER OF EACH YEAR AT ANNUAL RATE

1945

D.D. 45-2171 Data for 1945 are preliminary estimates.Source : U. S. Department of Commerce.


SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS April 1945

processed fruits and vegetables were alsoreturned to rationing in December.

Following a sharp wartime increase,sales of eating and drinking places lev-eled off during much of 1944. Season-ally adjusted sales increased substan-tially in the fourth quarter, and againin the first quarter of 1945 to a point 13percent above the first quarter of 1944.

Durable Sales Up.Sales of durable goods stores during

the first quarter of 1945 were 10 percentabove the same period last year in dollarterms. This gain is the result of substan-tial increases in sales of automobile partsand accessories stores and hardwarestores.

During the first three months of 1945home furnishing store sales declinedmore than seasonally from the holidaybuying of the fourth quarter of lastyear. However, sales were still 15 per-cent above the first quarter a year ago,reflecting for the most part, price rises.Jewelry stores recorded first quarter sales10 percent below the heavy volume ofpretax purchases made last year.

Despite the fact that the developmentssince the beginning of the year pointedto shrinking supplies of some consumergoods, the rate of consumer buying inthe first three months of the year gaveno indication of slackening off.

Since there has been only a relativelysmall depletion of inventories comparedto the volume of sales and no importantchange in the flow of the physical vol-ume of goods to consumers, the explana-tion for the continuous rise in retail salesrests in the shift in the composition ofthe products sold, upgrading, and con-centration of sales in the higher pricelines.

Civilian Manufactured ProductsThe dollar value of manufacturers'

shipments for civilian use which hadrisen very slightly in 1944, was littlechanged in the first quarter of 1945.There was a slight decline in the non-durable goods industries (2 percent be-low the corresponding quarter of 1944),and a slight (3 percent) increase in thedurable goods industries. Not muchsignificance can be attached to eithervariation.

Despite the slight gain over a year ago,civilian shipments of durable goods con-tinue drastically curtailed in comparisonwith pre-war years. Similarly, notwith-standing the minor contraction from thefirst three months of 1944, the first quar-ter 1945 flow of nondurable goods to thecivilian economy, measured in constantprices, was only one-eighth below thesame period of 1941 and slightly above1939.

Chart 4.—Manufacturers' Shipments of Durable Goods, War and Nonwar


TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT(EXCEPT AUTOMOBILES)

•if

ti1I

AUTOMOBILES ANDEQUIPMENT

I B M NONWAR


MACHINERY (EXCEPTELECTRICAL)

ELECTRICALMACHINERY

WAR


IRON AND STEEL ANDTHEIR PRODUCTS

NONFERROUS METALSAND THEIR PRODUCTS

LUMBER AND TIMBERBASIC PRODUCTS

FURNITURE AND FINISHEDLUMBER PRODUCTS

STONE, CLAY, ANDGLASS PRODUCTS

H Q H m~

1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945t FIRST QUARTER OF EACH YEAR AT ANNUAL RATE *-

1 Data for 1945 are preliminary estimates.


In view of the magnitude of the wareffort, the civilian share of manufac-tured products, particularly of nondur-able goods, has been surprisingly wellmaintained, with shipments by all manu-facturers on a constant dollar basis only10 percent below 1939.

Insofar as a large part of the civiliantype goods for the 12 million men in thearmed forces are purchased by the Army,and there were larger inventory accumu-lations prior to the war, the current percapita consumption of civilian manufac-tured goods compares favorably with1939. Although first quarter supplies ofseveral important types of nondurableconsumer goods are tighter than lastyear, any over-all "shortage" of nondur-able goods should be conceived of interms of the increased volume and moregenerally distributed purchasing power,rather than as an absolute reductionfrom the pre-war period of total suppliesof nondurable manufactures available tocivilians.Durable and Nondurable Goods.

Over the course of the entire war pe-riod, as the accompanying chart shows,nonwar shipments were more severelycurtailed in the durable than in thenondurable goods industries. In orderto meet Government needs for combatequipment and the new plant and equip-ment necessary for enlarged munitionsoutput, industries of this former groupconverted to munitions production earlyin the war program. By the first quarterof 1943, 80 percent of deliveries were formilitary and export purposes and, not-withstanding a rapid growth of total de-liveries, civilian shipments had been re-duced to half the record 1941 level.Since that time, these industries havecontinued to be engaged chiefly in warproduction and civilian shipments havenot recovered substantially. In the firstquarter of this year only one-fifth ofthe total shipments of these industrieswas for civilian use.

Contrasted with the drastic curtail-ment in the durable goods manufactures,and notwithstanding the reduction fromlast year, dollar shipments of nondurablegoods to civilians in the first quarter of1945 were still above the 1941 level. Themaintenance of these shipments was inlarge measure due to price increases.Whereas on a current dollar basis theywere still 7 percent above 1941, when ad-justment is made for price changes, civil-ian shipments for the first quarter of1945 appear to be one-eighth below thesimilar period of 1941. In the first quar-ter of this year 60 percent of nondurablemanufacturers' greatly expanded ship-ments was for civilian use.

First Quarter Trends.Estimated first quarter war and non-

war shipments of 18 major industries, ex-pressed at annual rates, are shown incharts 4 and 5 for the period 1941-45.Within the durable goods group, thelarger expansion of sales and the morecomplete conversion to war productionhas occurred in those industries whichsmelt, refine and fabricate metal. Be-cause they have been so completely en-gaged in war production, civilian ship-


April 1945 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS

merits of most of these metal industrieshave for the last 2 years been very sub-stantially below 1941. The declines havebeen sharpest for the automobile andother transportation industries where, bythe first quarter of 1943, civilian saleswere less than 10 percent of those of1941. The reduction was also extremefor both the iron and steel and the non-ferrous metals industry.

For the first quarter of 1945, civiliansales of the automobile industry showedsome improvement from last year, as aresult of the enlarged output of civiliantrucks, production of which in 1943 wasnegligible. Civilian deliveries of the non-ferrous metals industry in the first quar-ter also improved. Stability or slight in-crease was similarly characteristic ofnonwar sales in the other metal-produc-ing and fabricating industries.

In the lumber, furniture, stone-clay-and-glass industries, which are the onlyindustries of the durable goods groupnot engaged in the manufacture of metalproducts, military and export require-ments have encroached much less seri-ously on civilian manufacture. As com-pared with 1944, civilian sales rose inthe lumber industry but declined some-what in the other two. Among thesethree industries, the war portion has ex-ceeded 50 percent only for lumber manu-facturers, and in the first quarter of1945 civilian sales on a current dollarbasis were below the corresponding periodof 1941. However, when account is takenof price increases since 1941, it appearsnot only that a fairly substantial reduc-tion of civilian shipments has occurredin the lumber industry, but that nonwardeliveries of both the furniture andstone-clay-and-glass industries for thefirst 3 months of the year were somewhatbelow the first quarter of 1941.

Unlike the situation which prevailedfor the major durable goods industries inthe first quarter, civilian shipments ofseveral important nondurable goods in-dustries were curtailed below 1944. Asa result of large Government purchases,nonwar sales of the food industrydropped 6 percent below the first 3months of last year. Curtailment wasfelt especially in the meat-packing por-tion of the industry. Even after thisreduction, nonwar sales of the food in-dustry were still substantially largerthan in the corresponding period of 1941,primarily as the result of the consider-able increase in food prices which oc-curred between the two periods. Ex-pressed in terms of constant prices, how-ever, food industry deliveries to thecivilian economy were 5 percent below1941 and only slightly above 1939.

After declining throughout most of1944, Government requirements for tex-tile products were raised sharply for thefirst half of 1945. Military needs wereincreased especially for woolen andworsted fabrics and the War ProductionBoard limited worsted plants to militaryand other priority production for thefirst five months of the year. The prob-lem of civilian supply in the textile andapparel industries as a whole has beenaggravated by the decline of total pro-duction over the past several years. Inthe first quarter of the year, the dollar

Chart 5.—Manufacturers9 Shipments of Nondurable Goods, War andNonwar 1


FOOD AND KINDREDPRODUCTS

PAPER AND ALLIEDPRODUCTS

LEATHER AND LEATHERPRODUCTS


TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTSAND APPAREL

PRINTING, PUBLISHING, ANDALLIED INDUSTRIES

RUBBER PRODUCTS


CHEMICALS ANDALLIED PRODUCTS

PRODUCTS OFPETROLEUM AND COAL

TOBACCOMANUFACTURES

• •111i34l 1942 1343 1344 1945 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945

FIRST QUARTER OF EACH YEAR AT ANNUAL RATE -D 0 45-219

1 Data for 1945 are preliminary estimates.


value of civilian sales by these industriesis estimated at 5 percent below 1944 andabout one-fourth under 1942. Since tex-tile and apparel prices have risen con-siderably during the war, the diminutionin actual goods made available to civil-ians has been larger than that indicatedby the sales figures alone.

Food Supplies

The uncertain effect of the progressof the war in Europe upon Governmentfood procurement programs adds anotherunknown to the problem of assessingthe adequacy of the food supplies whichwill be available for domestic civilianconsumption in the current calendaryear. Nevertheless, while the details ofthe prospective supply and demand situ-ation are not known, the broad outlinesof what may be expected are clear.

In the first place, it is apparent thatthe total food supply—including suppliesfor both civilian and noncivilian consum-ers—will be somewhat reduced from lastyear's record amount. On the basis of1945 production goals and "normal" cropyields and disposition, the indicated dropis about 6 percent. However, the pro-spective supply is still almost 30 percenthigher than average production in1935-39.

Weather, of course, is an importantvariable in the 1945 outlook. The waryears have seen exceptional crop yieldsand a continuance of this experiencewould result in supplies above currentexpectations. Even with such an even-tuality, however, last year's over-all pro-duction record probably would not beexceeded, chiefly because the reductionin the 1944 spring and fall pig crops—which were 29 percent below the pre-ceding year—is being reflected in asharply reduced supply of pork this year.On the other hand, the possibility ofbelow-normal yields should also be rec-ognized.

Reductions in Civilian Supplies.The prospect of reduced output means

that civilian consumers should expect tomake changes in their diets and to reducetheir consumption of some foods. Infact, the pinch of smaller supplies hasalready been felt as a result of the suc-cessive tightenings of the food rationingprogram in recent months. Currentpoint values for most foods are the high-est of the war period and the generalcoverage of the rationing program is thebroadest so far.

Just how large the cut in civilianconsumption will be in 1945 obviouslydepends to a great extent on the require-Digitized for FRASER

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

6 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS April 1945

Chart 6.—-Production and CivilianConsumption of Food

INDEX, 1935-39 = 100140

120

100

80

PRODUCTION,

PER CAPITA CIVILIANCONSUMPTION

(•) PRELIMINARY INDICATION

1935-39 1940AVERAGE

194! 1942 1943 1944 19450. D. 45-215

Sources : Data through 1944, U. S. Depart-ment of Agriculture; 1945, U. S. Departmentof Commerce.

merits of the military and export agen-cies. Even under the most favorablecircumstances, however, the absolutemagnitudes of these latter requirementsare not likely to be significantly belowlast year. Thus, changes in these re-quirements should not be expected tocushion the decline in over-all produc-tion in any appreciable amount.

Judged by pre-war standards, the re-duction that will be necessary in theaverage civilian diet, even should non-civilian takings expand substantiallyover last year's amounts, is not causefor major concern. Food supplies will beadequate—both quantitatively and nu-tritionally. The changed supply situa-tion from 1944 will create certain diffi-culties which can be met by appropriateactions.

The over-all production and civilianconsumption picture for the war periodis summarized in chart 6. The physicalvolume of food production rose in eachof the war years to an all-time high in1944 which was 37 percent above the1935-39 average. The factors involved inthis expansion were discussed in theFebruary issue of the SURVEY.

As already noted, the production trendis expected to be altered in 1945. Thedecline shown in the chart is based onthe assumptions mentioned above. Interms of the major foods, the largest re-ductions as now indicated will occur inthe production of pork and lard, but theoutput of eggs, chickens, butter, freshfruits and vegetables, and certain grainsmay also be smaller than in last year.Partly offsetting these declines are theexpected increases in bêf, margarine,milk products other thanbutter, sugar,peanuts, and a few other foods.

Despite the expected decline in porkproduction, the 1945 estimate is stillabout 43 percent above the pre-war aver-age. Over-all meat production—ports,beef, veal, lamb and mutton—is esti-mated at almost 22.4 billion poundsdressed weight in 1945, or 38 percentabove 1935-39. This record has onlybeen exceded in 2 years, 1943 and 1944.

Chart 6 also traces the wartime trendin per capita civilian consumption. Be-cause of the heavy military and exportdemands and the changes in civilianpopulation, the rise in average civilianconsumption was much less than thegrowth in total food production. Never-theless, the wartime increase in con-sumption has been appreciable. If the1935-39 average is taken as 100, the in-dex of civilian consumption was 109 in1944—the highest per capita consump-tion in the Nation's history.

Any estimate of civilian consumptionfor the current year is, of course, besetwith uncertainty which precludes preci-sion of statement. On the whole, pres-ent indications point to average civilianconsumption in 1945 at slightly above thepre-war years. The estimate shown inthe chart allows for some increases incombined noncivilian takings relative to1944, although it contemplates some-what lower takings for the last half of1945 than have been scheduled for thefirst 6 months of the year.

Table 1.-—•Noncivilian Purchases as Per-centages of Total Disappearance ofMajor Foods, 1943 and 1944 l

[Arranged in approximate order of size of noncivilianshare in 1944]

Chart 7.—Noncivilian Share ofTotal Food Disappearance *

Commodity

Rice_- - _ _ - - _Condensed and evaported milk _Dry edible beans (cleaned basis)Canned fruitLard3

Cheese i

Canned fruit juices_.- _Dried fruitsCocoa beansCanned vegetables -EggsPork, excluding lardBeefFrozen vegetables^Peanuts (shelled)Lamb and muttonWheat - -TurkeysCoffee (green basis)Sugar (raw) _ . _ _ _ _ .. - _.Margarine (fat content)PotatoesButter 5 _TeaCitrus fruits (fresh)_ . __ __ .ChickensShorteningApples (commercial)VealFresh vegetablesSweet potatoes, - - -- -.- .Frozen fruits -Fresh fruits (excluding citrus fruits

and applies) _ _ _Fluid milk and cream 6 -

Percent

1943

53.625.741.340.934.238.346.436.931.626.721 929.725 934.719.925.316.710.016. 618.017.616.424.023.112.43.9

13.89.5

10 94 95.34.3

4.62.8

1944

53.746.1

39.539.438.1

C2)34.5

26. 325.925. 523.1

19.619.518.617.717.616.7

15 714.613.812.111.511.48.75.4

5.0

3.42.9

1 Total disappearance includes food from all sources-domestic production, stocks, and imports. Noncivilianpurchases include military purchases, Lend-Lease tak-ings (which are measured when they are removed fromcivilian supplies by the War Food Administrationrather than when they are shipped), and other exportsand shipments. Calendar year basis except for freshcitrus fruits for which the season begins in the fall of theprevious year; canned fruits, canned vegetables, anddried fruits which are on a pack-year basis; potatoesand sweetpotatoes, on the basis of a year beginning July1; dry edible beans and peanuts which are on a Septem-ber crop year; and rice which is on a year beginning inAugust of the previous year. All years begin in yeardesignated except fresh citrus fruits and rice.

2 Figures not released.s Excluding amount used in manufactured products.4 Excluding full skim, cottage, pot, and baker's cheese.s Farm and factory production included. Actual

weight basis,e Fluid milk equivalent for fresh use.

Source: U. S. Department of Agriculture.

10 -

1 Lend-Lease takings are measured when theyare removed from civilian supplies by the WarFood Administration rather than when shippedand, therefore, include some purchases forstocks. "Other exports'' include shipments toour noncontiguous territories and exports to for-eign countries.

Source : U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Noncivilian Takings.The dependency of 1945 civilian food

supplies on the procurement programsof the military and export agencies canbe gaged to some extent by referring tothe magnitudes of these programs in re-cent years. The takings of the militaryagencies and Lend-Lease together withother exports, are shown in chart 7 aspercentages of total food disappearance(which includes food from all sources—domestic production, stocks, and im-ports) in each year. Combined non-civilian purchases rose from 6 percent in1941 to 20 percent in 1944. In absoluteterms, however, the rise was larger thanis indicated by these percentages, sincetotal food disappearance, including bothcivilian and noncivilian purchases, rosenearly a fifth during this period.

Military purchases of food were largestin 1944, when they amounted to 13 per-cent of the total food disappearance andabout two-thirds of the combined mili-tary and export takings. Lend-Leasepurchases (which are measured at thetime they were purchased by the WarFood Administration rather than whenshipped) reached a peak of 8 percent oftotal disappearance in 1943 and declinedto 6 percent in the following year. Foodfor other exports is estimated at less than2 percent of the total in each of the yearsshown in the chart. During the 1935-39 period, exports averaged about 3 per-cent of total disappearance.

The wide variation in the noncivilianshares of the total disappearance of ma-jor foods is shown in table 1. It shouldbe noted that the changes between 1943and 1944 shown in the table do not neces-sarily reflect changes in absoluteamounts, since the total disappearanceof the individual foods may have beenquite different in the two years. In thevast majority of cases, the 1944 total washigher.Digitized for FRASER


April 1945 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS

In contrast to the over-all average of20 percent, the noncivilian takings ofsome foods exceeded 40 percent in 1944.The range shown in the table extendsfrom 54 percent down to 3 percent. Therelative amounts of the different com-modities purchased by the military andexport agencies are determined by suchfactors as nutritive value, transportationrequirements, perishability, ease of prep-aration, the tastes of our fighting men,and availability of supplies both at homeand abroad.

Other Factors in 1945 Outlook.

While the general maintenance of ade-quate civilian food standards seems as-sured for the current year, the supplyconditions confronting various familiesand various sections of the country mayvary markedly. Moreover, there may besignificant variations in conditions dur-ing the year because of seasonal factorsand shifts in the noncivilian procure-ment programs.

Geographical maldistributions of foodsupplies have been particularly notice-able in the case of meat. These haveresulted in part from the fact that theGovernment procures only Federally in-spected meats. Consequently civiliansupplies in the areas normally served byplants slaughtering under Federal in-spection (most of such plants are inthe Midwest) have been disproportion-ately reduced. Interstate shipments ofnoninspected meats are closely re-stricted by Federal regulations.

In the first 6 months of 1945, for ex-ample, the military and export programsare scheduled to take about 46 percentof the supply of Federally inspectedmeats. Relative to the total meat sup-ply, however, the amount to be taken is32 percent. Since nearly half the ci-vilian meat supply at present is nonfed-erally inspected, it is very possible tohave ample supplies in surplus produc-ing areas while there are acute shortageselsewhere. New measures to cope withthis problem are expected to be an-nounced shortly.

Chart 8.—Allocation of Gasolineand Distillate Fuels for CivilianUse

MILLIONS OF BARRELS

Chart 9.—Motor-Vehicle Registra-tions and Highway Use of MotorFuel

.5

.0

.5

0

^GASOLINE

DISTILLATE FUEL

1 i 1

\

S'-J

1 ! 1

BILLIONS OFGALLONS30

MILLIONS OFREGISTRATIONS

60

1944 1945

1 Includes light heating and Diesel oils.Source : Petroleum Administration for War.

1 Includes private and commercial vehicles,and vehicles owned by Federal, State, county,and municipal governments ; does not includetrailers, semitrailers, motorcycles or dealers'registrations and plates.2 Partly estimated.

Source : Public Roads Administration, FederalWorks Agency.

Another factor should be stressed re-garding the 1945 outlook. In interpret-ing the civilian supply estimates, oneshould not lose sight of the prevailingemployment and income situation.More families than before the war cannow afford adequate diets. To some ex-tent, therefore, current shortages of cer-tain foods represent more even distribu-tion. Thus, to say that the 1945 percapita civilian meat supply, for example,will be close to the 1935-39 average isquite different than saying that eachindividual consumer will eat about asmuch meat as in the earlier period.

Civilian Use of Petroleum ProductsThe volume of petroleum products—

especially gasoline and fuel oil—avail-able to the civilian economy, includingwar-supporting activities, in the first halfof 1945 is virtually identical to that avail-able in the comparable period of 1944, onthe basis of allocations by the PetroleumAdministrator for War. Comparisons ofthe first two quarters of 1945 with com-parable quarters of 1944 show slight in-creases in both components of chart 8.

The rises reflect increases in industrialuse of these products with no changeother than seasonal for individual con-sumers. The increase in gasoline resultsfrom expanded allocation to meet the re-quirements for agricultural productionwhile the rise in heating and Diesel oilfollows from mounting use of this fuelby railroad Diesel locomotives. In thecase of heavy residual fuel oils, usedchiefly for industrial power, expandedproduction of crude has permitted notonly relaxation of rationing restrictionsbut also reconversion of firing equipmentto oil.

Civilian Supplies Restricted.Consumption of petroleum products of

a strictly civilian character—gasoline forpassenger automobiles, kerosene and fueloil for domestic heating—has in 1943 and1944 been maintained at approximately65 percent of the 1941 volume. Adjust-ments have been made over the 2-yearperiod which have resulted in a slightincrease in total civilian supplies, as, forexample, the changes in the basic gaso-line rations on the East Coast in thefall of 1943.

Despite the large increases in con-sumption of petroleum and its productsfor industrial use, the proportion goingto the civilian economy, including usefor war-supporting activities as well asfor individual consumers, has been re-duced from 85 percent in 1941 to 37 per-cent in 1944, measured in terms of dollarvalue of manufacturers' shipments.

The reduction in wartime civilian con-sumption is apparent in both major typesof petroleum products; gasoline and fueloils. In the case of gasoline, the effect ofrestrictions upon civilian supplies isshown in chart 9. The peak year in num-ber of motor vehicles registered, in totalhighway use of motor fuel, as well as inthe use of gasoline per car was 1941.

This peak rate of utilization was equiv-alent to an average of 694 gallons per ve-hicle (600 for passenger and 1,100 fortrucks), as compared with 544 gallons in1944, a reduction of 21 percent. Thisfigure considerably overstates the con-sumption of gasoline by civilian passen-ger cars. Gasoline consumption bytrucks has been well maintained duringthe war period so that passenger vehicleshave felt most of the burden of the re-stricted supplies.

Fuel oils are used in internal combus-tion engines, for the production ofsteam and for space heating. Consump-tion of fuel oils as engine and industrialsteam fuels has increased substantially

Chart 10.—Production of RefinedPetroleum Products 1

B1LLIONS OF BARRELS2.0

1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 19441 Refined products derived from crude petro-

leum runs to stills. Natural gasoline is notincluded.

Source : U. S. Department of the Interior.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


Chart 11.—Daily Capacity ofPetroleum Refineries x

MILLIONS OF BARRELS6

1940 1944 1940 1944 1940 1944CRUDE-OIL CRACKED CATALYTIC

REFINING GASOLINE CRACKINGDO. 44-843

1 Crude-oil refining is measured by input ofcrude ; cracked gasoline by output of gasolinefrom thermal and catalytic processes; andcatalytic cracking by input of gas-oil charge.

Sources : U. S. Department of the Interior,Petroleum Administration for War, and Oil andGas Journal.

during the war period. On the otherhand, fuel oils used for space heatingpurposes, both commercial and domestic,have been restricted by rationing since1942. The basic ration provided has beentwo-thirds of consumption in the baseyear 1941-42, adjusted for variations intemperature during winter months.Under these controls, the fuel oil usedfor domestic and commercial heatingpurposes for 1944 equalled 183 millionbarrels, 18 percent below 1941 consump-tion.

Production Increase Slackening.

Although increased production of pe-troleum products is expected in 1945, therate of increase will be smaller than inprevious years. A substantial increasein supplies for civilians, therefore, willdepend upon future military demands.However, production has been so ex-panded that a relatively small decreasein military requirements should result inconsiderable improvement in the civiliansupply situation. Stocks of civiliangrades of gasoline are currently risingand at the end of the quarter were 16percent above a year ago.

Crude Supplies Increase.Curtailed civilian consumption of gas-

oline and fuel oil provided about 40 per-cent of military needs for petroleumfuels. Thus increased production ofcrude and expansion of refinery runswere required.

The availability of petroleum productsis determined by the ability of wells toproduce crude, by the capacity of re-fineries to convert crude into its prod-ucts (including in particular the fuel oiland gasoline specially desired in our war-time economy), and the. ability of thetransportation system to bring bothcrude and refined products to points ofuse. Each one of these is a limitingfactor in the availability of petroleum

products. The responsible factor in thecase of civilian supply of petroleum prod-ucts has been transportation, particu-larly in the East and Northwest areas.Refining' operations are now close topractical limits and further expansionwill be at substantially reduced rates.

The production of crude petroleum in-creased from 1,353 million barrels in1940 to a record high of 1,678 in 1944.The increase in the past year over 1943was 11 percent. The increased flow ofcrude has been achieved without seriousrelaxation of accepted standards of con-servation and the war drain has not re-duced known and proven undergroundreserves.

Refining Capacity Expands.

The volume of crude petroleum run torefinery stills has increased steadily dur-ing the war period (chart 10) with theexception of 1942 when transportationproblems were most acute. The 1944 vol-ume was 35 percent higher than 1939with the succeeding 5 years averaging 27percent above the years 1935-39.

While a substantial part of the neces-sary growth in petroleum refining ca-pacity was accomplished by increasedand improved use of existing facilities,huge war demands required an expansionboth of crude distillation and of crackedgasoline facilities. As may be seen inchart 11, crude oil distillation capacityhas been expanded by more than 10percent by new construction.

War demands for a gasoline of veryhigh quality, as measured by octane rat-ing, brought into large scale use cata-lytic cracking methods. Such capacitywas available before the war but in verysmall quantities. Since 1940, catalyticcapacity has increased eight times to arate of about 1,000,000 barrels daily.

Whereas refining operations prior to1939 were rarely at more than 80 percentof capacity, since that time the ratio ofproduct to capacity has climbed steadilywith the exception of 1942. Operationsin the past year have been well over 90percent of capacity, at times exceeding95 percent.

No increase in refinery operations in1945 paralleling that achieved in 1944 isto be expected, because available facil-ities are now operated at rates whichcannot be greatly expanded. Further-more no significant expansion of Govern-ment-owned refining capacity aside froma few aviation gasoline plants is pres-ently planned and privately financed in-dustry additions will be of small volume,local and specialized in character.

Changes in Product Composition.The requirements of war have not only

resulted in an expansion of total pro-duction of refined petroleum products buthave also called forth changes in theirrelative proportions. Production ofpetroleum products from crude is sub-ject to variation, particularly with crack-ing and catalytic refining equipment bywhich the heavier components can beconverted into the lighter and more vola-tile products. The major changes havebeen an increase in fuel oil, an expan-sion in aviation gasoline and the related

Table 2.—Percentage Distribution ofPetroleum Refinery Products by Type

Aviation gasolineAutomotive gasolineFuel oilsAll other

1941

1.2442.9942.8712.90

100. 00

1944

13.4625.8946.7713.88

100.00

Source: Petroleum Administrator for War.

products, toluene and butadiene, and areduction in automotive grades of gaso-line.

This is illustrated in the changes in thecomponents of refined petroleum prod-ucts since 1941 (table 2). Comparisonwith chart 11 indicates that the increasein fuel oil output and of aviation gasolineoccurred not only because of the in-creased volume of crude petroleum re-fined but also because of the reductionin automotive gasoline. Although totalgasoline supplies were larger in 1944than in any previous year, the expan-sion in fuel oil production reduced totalgasoline from 44 to 39 percent of petro-leum processed, thus reversing the up-ward trend in gasoline produced fromcrude which had continued for manyyears.

While supplies of gasoline were thusrelatively reduced, automotive supplieswere further curtailed by requirementsfor the highly volatile gasoline types,aviation gasoline, toluene, and butadiene.Automotive grades of gasoline decreasedfrom 97 percent of all gasoline in 1941to 66 in 1944.

A third factor in reduced automotivegasoline supplies has been the relativelysmall expansion of natural gasoline pro-duction during the war period and its

Chart 12.—Percentage Distribu-tion of Deliveries of Petroleumand Products Into District I9 byTransportation Facility x

50 -

25 -

1941 1942 1943 19441 Percentages are based upon number of bar-

rels daily. District I includes the New Eng-land, Middle Atlantic, and South AtlanticStates, and the District of Columbia. Total in-cludes a negligible amount delivered by truckwhich is not shown separately in the chart.2 Includes ocean, lake, and river shipments.

Source : Petroleum Administration for War.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

April 1945 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 9diversion to nonautomotive uses. Nat-ural gasoline is recovered from naturalgas and is not included in the volumeof crude petroleum run to stills. Thebulk of natural gasoline is normallyblended with the refinery product to in-crease the volume of automotive gaso-line.

During the war period, however, natu-ral gasoline has been processed to secureas large a volume as possible of thosefractions suitable for use in aviation gas-oline. Hence, the supply of naturalgasoline for automotive use has beensubstantially reduced both in quantityand in quality.

Transportation Difficulties Diminish.Under peacetime conditions large vol-

umes of petroleum and its products weretransported by barge and tankers. TheEast Coast was particularly dependentupon deep water movement from Gulfports for supplies, 94 percent being trans-ported in this manner in 1941 as illus-trated in chart 12.

The need for tankers for military pur-poses along with the danger and lossesfrom submarine attack shortly after thebeginning of the war greatly reducedthe number of vessels available for thismovement and hence severely curtailedshipments to East Coast ports. Pipe-line facilities from refinery to marketswere of small capacity and the limitedsupply of rail equipment was pressedinto very intensive service. Rail haulageof petroleum to this area thus increasedto 60 percent of total petroleum receiptsin 1943, equivalent to more than 20 timesthe volume of petroleum carried by railin 1941 but insufficient to prevent a dropin total petroleum deliveries of about8 percent.

Completion of pipeline facilities in1944 and stabilization of tanker opera-tions have served to reduce the strainupon rail operations as well as the shareof the movement handled in this man-ner. Nevertheless railroad transporta-tion continued in 1944 at a volume ex-ceeding 1942.

The flexible nature of tank car utiliza-tion permits their disposition to meetspecial transportation problems whenand where they arise. The decline inrail haul to the East Coast has resultedin no idle tank car facilities since carsnot needed to maintain the flow at de-sired volume were immediately trans-ferred to other areas and uses.

The Mexico City Conference

The recent Inter-American Confer-ence at Mexico City had unusual busi-ness significance. It provided impressiveevidence of the determination of thecountries of this Hemisphere to solvetheir political and economic problemsthrough cooperative international actionrather than along narrowly nationalisticlines. It brought forth both general andspecific policy declarations which willcondition business dealings between theUnited States and Latin America foryears to come.

The core of the foreign economic pol-icy of the United States, as further re-

634686—45 2

vealed at the Conference, is the beliefthat the economic problems of the Hemi-sphere as well as of the world at largehave a fair chance of solution only in asteadily expanding world economy. Thecounterpart is found in the extreme em-phasis placed by all the other countriesrepresented at Mexico City upon the con-tinued development of their resources,especially through industrialization.

This overriding objective may be takenas at least one fixed point in the Inter-American picture. A means of imple-menting the policy of industrializationwill be the conservation of war-accumu-lated reserves of gold and foreign ex-change of the other American Republicsto prevent their dissipation in the pur-chase of imported "nonessentials." An-other will be the attraction of foreigncapital to participate on equitable termswith domestic capital in carrying out de-velopmental programs.

Transition Adjustments.

The economic discussions at the Inter-American Conference in Mexico City thusserved as a curtain-raiser on problems ofboth the transition and post-war pe-riods. The principal problem of thetransition period from the point of viewof the other American Republics is, ofcourse, precisely the problem which facesour own economy. It is the problem ofreadjusting production as the procure-ment of war materials declines.

Spokesmen for the United States at theConference made it clear that the UnitedStates Government lacks legal authority,under existing legislation, to procure ma-terials which are not needed in the prose-cution of the war.1 Even if it were pos-sible, the continuation of procurement atwartime levels would delay inevitableadjustments in production to peacetimedemands and result in the accumulationof surpluses which would overhang anddepress post-war markets and prices.

However, it was agreed that the UnitedStates would adopt, through bilateral ar-rangements with the countries the sta-bility of whose economies is seriouslythreatened by reductions in governmentprocurement, measures designed to min-imize the adverse consequences of suchreductions. These measures may consistof the orderly adjustment of procurementcontracts "or any other suitable means."Furthermore, the countries concernedwill, where necessary, seek legislative au-thority to accomplish these purposes.

In the spirit of this general undertak-ing the United States promised to con-tinue to give due notice of prospectivereductions in procurement and to seek totaper off purchases in accordance withplans made as far in advance as possible.

In the view of the United States thesolution of the essential problem of thetransition period lies not in measures tosupport uneconomic production butrather in a many-sided program designedto replace wartime with peacetime de-mand as quickly and smoothly as possibleand thus keep domestic and internationaltrade at high levels. This is the sameprogram that is being offered at home; it

1 Section 202 of the War Mobilization andReconversion Act of 1944.

is both a short-run and a long-run pro-gram.

The elements of this program are welldefined. It proceeds from the fact thatprocurement for war will not cease ab-ruptly with the end of hostilities in Eu-rope but will remain heavy to meet therequirements of the Pacific war. It as-sumes that maximum employment will bemaintained in the United States and thatimports into the United States to meet in-dustrial and consumer requirements willbe much larger than before the war. Ittakes into account also the heavy back-logs of demand for United States prod-ucts and the accumulations of purchasingpower to make this demand effective.

In addition to ready purchasing powerin the form of cash or its equivalent, newreservoirs of international credit are be-ing created. The proposed InternationalBank will have $9,000,000,000 of lendingpower. Steps are being taken to increasethe capital of the Export-Import Bankby $1,500,000,000. Private investmentcapital is plentiful and will be placed inforeign countries on a substantial scaleif conditions are favorable.Long-Term Objectives.

Discussion at Mexico City of postwareconomic problems centered around thetheme of development of resources andindustrialization. On this subject, theUnited States was able to give the mostunequivocal assurances of assistance byall possible means to sound projects andprograms, to be undertaken primarily byprivate enterprise. These means includethe equitable allocation of materials andequipment in short supply so long as war-time controls continue in effect, equalaccess thereafter to the producers' goodsneeded for economic development and in-dustrialization, provision of ample long-term credit on reasonable terms, andtechnical cooperation through trainingof personnel and interchange of expertsand information.

Together, the agreements and under-standings reached at Mexico City con-stitute a postwar economic programwhich has as its fixed objective an ex-panding United States economy in anexpanding world economy. It is recog-nized that the achievement of either de-pends largely upon the achievement ofthe other.

The broad principles underlying thisgeneral policy were declared in the Eco-nomic Charter of the Americas, whichcalls for (1) reduction of barriers tointernational trade; (2) elimination ofthe excesses of economic nationalism;(3) prevention of restrictive practices bycartels or through other private businessarrangement; (4) just and equitabletreatment for foreign enterprise andcapital; and (5) promotion of privateenterprise; (6) equality of access to rawmaterials and producers' goods; (7) in-ternational action to facilitate the or-derly distribution of burdensome sur-pluses of certain commodities; and (8)progressive realization of the Declara-tion of Philadelphia adopted by the In-ternational Labor Conference.

It remains to give these principlesforce and effect through specific inter-national undertakings and obligations.



Industrial Concentration of EmploymentBy Donald W. Paden

THE IMPACT OF THE WAR uponbusiness and employment has led to

an awareness of the importance of smallbusiness and a growing interest in itsrole in the post-war economy. Beforethe war approximately eight million em-ployees and over two million business-men depended for a livelihood upon firmswith fewer than 50 employees.

Chart 1 indicates that these small or-ganizations in 1939 employed roughlyone-third of the wage and salary earnersin all industries other than agriculture,Government, and the railroads. Thesmallest firms—those employing 1-3 per-sons—accounted for 7 percent of suchemployment.

The requirements of war productionand the armed services have producedmarked changes in the total numberof business enterprises and in the rela-tive importance of large and small sizedfirms. These changes are particularlysignificant in the light of the paramountpost-war needs for expanding, over pre-war levels, the volume of consumption,sales, and employment.

Over-All TrendsIn analyzing wartime changes in the

distribution of firms and employment bysize of firm, third quarter statistics ofthe number of employers covered by theSocial Security program have been usedfor the period 1939-43/ In general, thefigures indicate general trends in thesize structure of American business dur-ing the 5 years, 1939-43.2

The concept of business size is a rela-

NOTE: Mr. Paden is a member of the Busi-ness Structure Unit, Bureau of Foreign andDomestic Commerce.

1 In 1940 the Census of the Labor Forcelisted 8,475,000 people engaged in agriculture,forestry, and fishing; 3,318,000 in the pro-fessions and related services; 2,327,000 in do-mestic service; 1,753,000 in Government; andover a million in the railways. These figuresindicate roughly the number of people inthe labor force who are not covered by theSocial Security program. Approximately halfa million employees in national banks anddocumented United States vessels were in-cluded for the first time in the 1940 SocialSecurity tabulation. The number of firmsinvolved was not sufficiently large to affectthe over-all trends.

The data are based on information sup-plied to the Bureau of Old-Age and Sur-vivors Insurance by business firms coveredby the Social Security Act. Owner-oper-ated enterprises with no employees, to-gether with agricultural ard railroad estab-lishments, are excluded.

2 A statement of qualifications togetherwith a description of the methods andsources, can be found at the end of the ar-ticle. More precise use of the statistics mustawait the further development and improve-ment of the basic data available in the rec-ords of the Bureau of Old-Age and SurvivorsInsurance.

tive one, depending on the technologyand integration which has occurred inparticular industries. A firm employing50 workers in the manufacture of steelingots would indeed be small; on theother hand, a concern in the retail foodbusiness with the same number of em-ployees would be relatively large.

The designation of concerns with fewerthan 50 employees as "small" and othersas "large" was dictated in large part bythe nature of the basic data rather thanbecause of any inherent usefulness of thecriterion itself. The definition does havethe advantage, however, of marking offfor examination a sizable and importantsegment of the economy. For all indus-try groups in 1939 and 1943, firms withfewer than 50 employees employed be-tween 25 and 33 percent of the total num-ber of workers covered by the Social Se-curity program.

Suitably qualified, the number of em-ployees engaged by a firm is a usefulmeasure of the size of the firm in the non-agricultural economy. Except for somebranches of finance and some types ofindustry where the investment or volumeof turnover per worker is extremely high,the number of employees is also an indi-cator, though admittedly a very roughone, of the relative resources of a busi-ness enterprise.

While many exceptions come to mind

Chart 1.—Percentage Distributionof Employing Organizations andEmployment, by Size of Firm,1939 x*

FIGURES IN BAR REFER TOEMPLOYEE SIZE OF FIRM

100

80

60

20

0

Ipiilii

/

/ //

/ X I 1,0001OR

IMORE I

FIRMS EMPLOYMENTa a 45-209

1 Percentage of firms having 1,000 or moreemployees is 0.12 and does not show in thechart.

Source : Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors In-surance, Social Security Board.

in dealing with specific industries, theredoes exist in general a common set ofproblems for the smaller sized firms.These are determined in large measureby the limited financial resources at theirdisposal and their special competitive sit-uation, either as it relates to the particu-lar industry in which they do business orwith respect to other firms in the in-dustry.

Number of Concerns.

A summary picture of the changes inrelative importance of concerns of dif-ferent sizes can be gathered from chart2 and the supporting data in table 1. Thechart shows changes for the period 1939-43 in the number of firms and employ-ment in these firms for concerns in threemajor groups.

Referring to the top panel of chart 2on the number of employing organiza-tions, two points stand out. First, from1939 up to the time of Pearl Harbor—aperiod of expansion in business activity—the number of firms in each of the threecategories increased, with the larger sizedfirms consistently pacing the small. Itmust be noted that, with employment ex-panding rapidly, some of the firms whichwere in the medium size group un-doubtedly shifted to the larger size group.The fact remains, however, that prior tothe restrictions and special problems ofthe war period, the 2 years preceding ourentry into the war, which were also yearsof increasing prosperity, witnessed asteady growth in the number of busi-nesses in each of the three major sizecategories.

The indexes, however, need some quali-cation. With over 96 percent of the firmsin the lowest size group, over 3 percent inthe middle size group, and less than 1 per-cent in the upper size group, the samenumber of concerns added to each of thethree groups would show a higher pro-portionate increase in the large than inthe small concerns.

Second, since 1941 there was a disparityof movement in the number of businessenterprises in the various size groups.The number of firms with 1,000 or moreemployees continued to increase in 1942,and though it dropped in 1943 was stilldefinitely above that in 1941. The othertwo groups showed decreases in each ofthe 2 years.

Only a small part of the divergencebetween the size groups can be attributedto a shift in the classification of thesmaller sized firms due to increased em-ployment, since the total number of con-cerns decreased only slightly less than didthe smallest size group. Prom 1941 to1943, the largest size group increased bya few hundred concerns, while the nexttwo size groups decreased by roughly 12,-000 and 270,000 concerns respectively.


April 1945 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 11

The predominant reason for the shiftwas the discontinuance of many smallbusinesses and a sharp decline of newfirms entering business. The changes innumber of concerns, moreover, do not in-dicate the total amount of shifting whichhas occurred. Many concerns which werelarge in 1941 may have been replaced byother concerns which expanded as a re-sult of the war.

The decline in new enterprises wasvery marked in both 1942 and 1943. Inthe case of firms with from 1-49 persons,the number of new businesses in the firsttwo war years was less than half thenumber entering in 1940 and 1941. Thenumber of discontinued businesses in-creased markedly in 1942—over 40 per-cent above 1941 for the small firms—butby 1943 the number declined to aboutthe same total as in 1940 and 1941. Inthe case of the smallest firms it was evenlower than in the 2 years prior to thewar.3

The operation of Selective Service indrafting men into the armed services wasundoubtedly an important factor in de-termining changes in the number of busi-ness enterprises during the war years.Wartime uncertainties encouraged thediscontinuance of business, rather thanabsentee ownership or transfer, in thecase of many small employers who werecalled to arms. Another factor contrib-uting to the decline of small businesseswas the attractive alternative of em-ployment in war production, with itspecuniary as well as patriotic incentives.The shifts in war production, with thedecline in consumer durable goods pro-duction, also had its effects.

Employment.

The trend in employment for firms ofdifferent sizes is shown in the lower panelof chart 2. By the end of 1943 small con-cerns as a group were employing fewerpeople than in 1939. Even in the 50-999group, employment was only slightlylarger than before the war. Very largeconcerns, on the other hand, were addingmore people to their working force thanever before. Approximately 3,500 of thelargest firms employed almost all of the8,000,000 people added to the industriallabor force during the past 5 years.

The expansion of normal business ac-tivity during 1939 through 1941 wasaccompanied by an increase in the num-ber of workers in firms of all sizes. Afterthe outbreak of the war the large plantswhich could easily be converted to war-time production 'and the new speciallybuilt war plants accounted for a doublingof employment in plants with over 1,000workers. In large part, the war de-manded a type and magnitude of productwhich could be manufactured most ex-peditiously only in large plants. TheGovernment, moreover, was the sole cus-tomer, the goods moving directly fromthe manufacturer to the armed forces.As a consequence, although industrialoutput increased enormously, the volumeof goods moving through ordinary dis-tributive channels did not increase much.

Chart 2.—Employing Organiza-tions and Employment, by Sizeof Firm x

ii FIRMS WITH 1000 OR MORE EMPLOYEES• • - • F I R M S WITH 5 0 - 9 9 9 EMPLOYEES

FIRMS WITH 1-49 EMPLOYEES

INDEX, 1939 = 100150

2 5

75

200

175 -

150

125 -

100 -

7 5

EMPLOYINGORGANIZATIONS^

EMPLOYEES

1939 1940 1941 1942 1943D. D. 45-187

3 "New and Discontinued Businesses, 1940-43," SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS, July 1944.

1 Data for 1941-43 are adjusted for nonreport-ing of employment.

2 Excludes firms without employees.


In the fields in which small concernswere dominant., especially retail, whole-sale, and service trades, employment de-clined below the 1941 volume. The re-sult, of course, was a decline in the over-all figure for small business. As in thecase of the owners, many of the em-ployees in these small firms were draftedinto the army, while many more foundthat their earnings would be markedlyincreased in large war plants. Thus, oneof the contributions of small business tothe war effort was in providing a pool ofworkers upon which war industries coulddraw.

Part of the increase in employment inthe very large concerns can be accountedfor by the increase in the number offirms in war industries. Medium sizedbusinesses engaged in war work expandedtheir labor force sufficiently to be classi-fied with the larger organizations. Aswas pointed out above, in terms of num-ber of concerns the shift was limited to afew hundred firms. But with pre-warshipyards and aircraft factories addingworkers by the hundreds of thousands,the employment picture was undoubtedlyimportantly influenced by the growth insize of these medium-sized concerns.

Earnings.

The amount of wages paid by employ-ers offers another indication of thechanging position of large and smallbusiness. As indicated in chart 3, therelative increase in wages differed widelyfor concerns in different size groups.Total wage payments of small concerns

rose by 40 percent. Payments in con-cerns with 50 to 999 employees went up70 percent, and in the largest organiza-tions increased over 200 percent. Need-less to say, a great part of the rise inwage payments for the largest concernswas due to the tremendous increase inthe number of people employed. Al-though the total wage bill followedclosely the number of employees hired,it was influenced also by wage rates, over-time, and decreased seasonal and casualunemployment. Even in small concernswhere the number of employees has de-creased, the total wage bill has gone up.

The result of the changes in employ-ment and wages is shown in table 2 whichpresents, by size of firm, average thirdquarter earnings per job, found by divid-ing wage payments by the number ofemployees as of a specific pay period inthe quarter. Although earnings perworker in excess of $3,000 per year arenot included, the data are fairly repre-sentative of differentials which existamong firms of various sizes. Not onlywere earnings higher in the larger firmsbut they increased more rapidly than inconcerns with fewer than 50 employees.Overtime and high rates of pay were un-doubtedly effective in enabling shipyards,airplane plants, and other war industriesto attract employees away from less es-sential and less remunerative activity.

In 1943, 3,500 large employing organi-zations employed 45 percent of all em-ployees and paid 52 percent of the totalwage bill of persons in the covered indus-tries. The corresponding percentages in1939 were 30 and 36, respectively.

Changes in the concentration of firms,employment, and wage payments areshown in more detail in table 3. Thepercentage distributions of firms re-mained remarkably stable from 1939 to1943 in spite of differences in the rate ofchange noted in chart 2. As was to beexpected from the foregoing analysis,

Table 1.—Indexes of Number of Employ-ing Organizations, Employees, andTaxable Wages, by Size of Firm,1939-43 1

[1939 = 100]

Size of firm

Total, all size classes-1-49 employees _50-999 employees1,000 or more employees.- |l00. 0

1939 1940 19412 19422 19432

Employing organizations

Employees

Total, all size classes_1-49 employees..

1100.0 109.2 123.3.1100.01107. 3

50-999 employees J100. 0 107. 51,000 or more employees.-j 100. 0J113.1

116. 4120. 5

132.6101.9 98.3119.9 112.4

194.6

Taxable wages

0 1Total, all size classes 100.0 110. 4|145. 51-49 employees 100.0 104. 7|116. 750-999 employees 100.0 108.1 140. 21,000 or more employees., j 100.0 117. 6 174. 7 248. 5 312.

130.2167.5

185. 3 2) 5. 4142. 5172. 4

1 Firms without employees excluded. Data are for thelast pay period of the third quarter of each year.

2 Adjusted for nonreporting of employment.

Source: Basic data from Bureau of Old-Age and Sur-vivors Insurance.



however, evidence of increasing concen-tration is discernible in the slowly risingpercentages of large firms.

On the other hand, the percentage dis-tributions for employment changedmarkedly from 1939 to 1943. Concernswith 1,000 or more employees now employa substantially larger proportion of thetotal number of workers than before thewar. In 1943, 45 percent of all employeeswere in these firms as compared with 30percent in 1939. Even before the war,there was a marked trend toward in-creasing importance of large firms.Wage payments followed closely thetrend of employment. Concerns with1,000 or more employees paid 36 percentof the wages in 1939 and 52 percent in1943.

Industry Changes

Because of the ease with which firmsmay shift from one size group to another,it is difficult to obtain an accurate meas-ure of the total amount of change in thebusiness population occasioned by thewar. For this purpose a continuous lifehistory of changes in the size structureof specific firms would be needed. Dur-ing the war the total number of large ormedium sized concerns might have re-mained little changed, even though fewof the original firms operating in 1939were still in existence in 1943. For ex-ample, large retail, service, and construc-tion concerns might have been replacedby large manufacturing concerns. Table4 and chart 4 indicate the changes thattook place in the major industry groups.

Except for mining, the number of firmswith more than 50 employees did notchange much in any of the industrygroups. Employment, moreover, wasmaintained or increased in these firms inall lines except construction.

In absolute figures the increase in em-ployment over 1939 which occurred inretail and wholesale trades and in thefinance and service industries was almostoffset by the decline in employment with-in construction. Changes in the actualnumber of people employed in miningand transportation, moreover, were notsufficient to affect substantially the over-all employment situation.

The tremendous increase in the work-ing force shown in chart 2 is hence largelya result of almost doubling employment inmanufacturing concerns employing 50or more people. In this connection it

Table 2.—Average Third Quarter Earn-ings per Job, by Size of Firm, 1939-43 1

Year

19391940194119421943

Total,all sizeclasses

$280284331403451

Firms with—

1-49 em-ployees

$246240247315357

50-999 em-ployees

$271273316379416

1,000 ormore em-ployees

$329342429481528

will be recalled from the over-all datathat only concerns with 1,000 or moreemployees increased their employmentsignificantly.

The inference can be drawn, therefore,that all of the 36,000 manufacturing con-cerns with 50 or more employees did notshare equally in the expansion of em-ployment. Any increase in size amongmedium sized manufacturing firms wasapparently offset by a compensating de-crease in employment in nonwar indus-tries.

Turning from the large to the smallconcerns, it is apparent from table 4 andchart 4 that the war has had a quitedifferent effect upon this segment of theeconomy. Almost without exception thedecline in the number of small firmsshown in chart 2 has been shared by thevarious industry groups. Practically allof the 280,000 drop in number of em-ploying organizations occurred amongthe small firms.4 Although some of theseconcerns undoubtedly continued as non-employing organizations, in view of thefact that there were over 500,000 feweremploying and nonemploying organiza-tions in business during 1943 than in1941, it seems doubtful whether the pro-portion was very high.

The decline in employment amongsmall firms was also in sharp contrast tothat in firms with more than 50 em-ployees. In every line except transpor-tation and retail and wholesale tradethe number of persons employed by smallfirms was less in 1943 than in 1939.Even in these fields the increase washardly significant. Undoubtedly manyof the employees who were attractedfrom small businesses, particularly innonwar industries, were able to makemore of a contribution to the war effortthan in their former occupations.

Two qualifications should be kept inmind. First, the industry data showonly the two terminal years 1939 and1943. Even though retail trade, for ex-ample, shows an increase in employmentover 1939, a drop may have occurredfrom the 1941 level. Second, shiftswithin the industry groups shown mayhave been significant, particularly inmanufacturing, where the impact of thewar has been greatest.

Wartime Concentration

Chart 5 shows that there are impor-tant industry differences in the size struc-ture of American industry. Small busi-ness is far more important in retail andwholesale trade and in the finance andservice industries than in other fields.Firms with less than 50 employees inboth 1939 and 1943 accounted for overhalf of the employment in these indus-tries, and only about 2 percent of thefirms had more than 50 employees.Business enterprises in the retail andservice industries which serve the pub-lic more or less directly apparently donot require a large number of employeesin order to operate with reasonable effi-ciency.

Chart 3.—Taxable Wages of Em-ployees, by Size of Firm 1

INDEX, 1933 = 1003 2 5

2 7 5

2 2 5

2 0 0

175

1 5 0

125

• FIRMS WITH 1000 ORMORE EMPLOYEES

• FIRMS WITH 5 0 - 9 9 9EMPLOYEES

• FIRMS WITH 1-49EMPLOYEES

i Does not include wages over $3,000: see also table 1,footnote 1.

Source: Basic data from Bureau of Old Age andSurvivors Insurance.

4 "New and Discontinued Businesses,1940-43," SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS, July1944.

1 Wages in excess of $3,000 a year receivedby any one employee are excluded. Data for1941-43 are adjusted for nonreporting of em-ployment.


Over 80 percent of the labor force inmanufacturing and mining is with con-cerns that have more than 50 employees.The big firms are likewise relatively morenumerous here than in the retail andservice trades. In manufacturing, forexample, roughly 20 percent of the totalnumber of firms have more than 50 em-ployees as contrasted to the 2 percent inretail trade. A basic reason for this is,of course, the nature of the productiveprocess. Efficiency in manufacturingoften requires the use of relatively largenumbers of workers to take advantage ofmass production techniques.

The increased concentration in largefirms during the 5-year span for whichinformation is available, is depicted inchart 5 for each of the major industrygroups. While in 1939 two-thirds of thepersonnel were employed by large firms,in 1943 the figure had increased to three-fourths. Small firms, conversely, dimin-ished in importance. This pattern wascommon to all industry groups, with theexception of construction.

Whereas construction activity reacheda peak in the third quarter of 1942, bythe third quarter of 1943 large-scalemilitary construction of additional can-tonments, training centers, and huge warplants requiring large contractors wasin the main completed. Employmentconsequently dropped precipitously inlarge concerns.

On the other hand, the decline in pri-vate construction since 1941 resulted ina decline both in the number of small


April 1945

Table 3.—Number of Employing Organi-zations, Employees, and Taxable Wages,1939-43: Percentage Distribution bySize of Firm J

Size of Firm

Total, all size classes..1-3 employees4-7 employees8-19 employees20-49 employees50-99 employees100-999 employees. __1,000 or more em-

ployees

Total, all size classes- -1-3 employees4-7 employees8-19 employees20-49 employees50-99 employees100-999 employees-..1,000 or more em-

ployees

Total, all size classes. _1-3 employees4-7 employees8-19 employees20-49 employees50-99 employees100-999 employees.._1,000 or more em-

ployees

100.0059.7120.2411.465.131.761.58

.12

1939 1940 19412 1942 2 1943 2

Percent of total number of Em-ploying Organizations

100.0057.8420.9712.165.421.84L64

.13

100.0057.5620.12.

5.11

9329508969

14

10061

0082

19.3210.67411

606577

17

100.0061.0619.3511.244.691.711.78

.17

Percent of total number ofemployees

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.006.94 6.45 6.09 6.02 5.417.18 7.06 6.75 5.71 5.289.38 9.42 9.05 7.26 7.0410.64 10.63 10.35 7.98 7.578.32 8.24 8.10 6.46 6.1527.08 26.64 26.50 26.42 23.86

30.46 31.56 33.16 40.15 44.69

Percent of total taxable wages

100.005.165.968.62

10.247.97

26.28

35.77

100.004.635.658.279.867.72

25.79

38.08

100.003.764.607.028.677.16

25.85

42.94

100.003.764.116.097.125.87

25.09

47.96

L00. 003.553.915.926.655.5522.12

52.30

1 Firms without employees excluded. Data are for thelast pay period of the third quarter of each year.

2 Adjusted for nonreporting of employment.

Source: Basic data from Bureau of Old-Age andSurvivors Insurance.


concerns and employment in these firms.Half a million fewer persons were en-gaged in construction in 1943 than in1939 and almost a million fewer thanin 1941. These special considerations inthe construction field account for thedeparture from the general pattern setby the other industry groups.

Post-War Business Population

In general, the shifts in the distribu-tion of firms and employment have notfavored small concerns during the 5-yearperiod 1939-43. Although there are sig-nificant differences in the importance ofsmall business from one industry to an-other, the trends have been very similarfor all industry groups for which infor-mation is available. In practically allindustries small business accounted fora smaller percentage of both employ-ment and number of firms in 1943 thanin 1939.

The change in concentration of indus-try, as well as the decline in the totalnumber of operating firms, should beviewed as essentially a wartime phenom-enon. The munitions program has con-sisted in large part of products requiringmass production methods, which are solddirectly to the Government.

The war has likewise introducedchanges in manufacturing which maybe significant for small business. Plas-tics and light metals, for example, havenumerous possibilities for plants of mod-erate size. Moreover, many relativelysmall concerns now have the knowledgeand experience which will enable themto compete successfully in these new in-dustries after the war.

13

Table 4.—Percent Change in Number ofEmploying Organizations and Employ-ment, by Industry and Size of Firm,1939 to 1943

Industry

All groups

MiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation, communica-

tion, and public utilities 1

Retail and wholesale trade. __Finance, insurance, real

estate, and service

1 Does not include railroads

Percentchange

in numberof firms

1-49em-

ploy-ees

-3 .9

-3 .0-27.5-13.1

11.8-7 .9

-4 .6

Source: Basic data from Bureau ofvivors Insurance.

50 ormoreem-

ploy-ees

2.1

-17.521.6

.9

- 4 . 1.6

-2 .0

Old-i

Percentchange

in employ-ment

1-49em-

ploy-ees

-1 .7

-7 .7-25.5-13.9

2.82.0

-15.4

50 ormoreem-

ploy-ees

50.4

9.1-53.6

95.5

32.431.0

43.9

Lge and Sur-

There are other factors which appearfavorable to the growth of small busi-ness. Many workers released from warplants will naturally gravitate towardtheir former occupations in small enter-prises. Moreover, the wartime accumu-lation of savings means that more pros-pective entrepreneurs than usual will befinancially able to undertake new enter-prises.

Also of importance is the special en-couragement and assistance that willfoster the establishment of new enter-prises. The GI Bill of Rights, makingprovisions for loans to veterans who de-sire to go into business, and the Sur-plus War Property Act, granting pref-

Charl 4.—-Percentage Change in Employing Organizations and Employment, by Industry and Size of Firm, 1943From 1939 1

PERCENT CHANGE IN FIRMS-40 -20 0 +20 +40

FIRMS WITH \ - 49EMPLOYEES

INDUSTRY GROUP

ALL INDUSTRIES

MANUFACTURING

FINANCE, INSURANCE, REALESTATE, AND SERVICE

TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONAND PUBLIC UTILITIES*/

WHOLESALE ANDRETAIL TRADE

MINING AND QUARRYING

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

1Data for 1943 are adjusted for nonreporting of employment.2 Does not include railroads.Source : Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, Social Security Board.

-60 -40

FIRMS WITH 50 ORi MORE EMPLOYEES

PERCENT CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT-20 O +20 +40 +60 +80 +IOO

D. D. 45-207



erence in the disposition of surplusproperty to small business are manifes-tations of current policy.

After the war the trend in concentra-tion will be reversed. A substantial in-crease in the total number of firms anda large expansion of employment insmall business is certain to occur. Manysmall firms particularly in trade andservices have been greatly understaffedduring the war period because of inabil-ity to get workers. Employment in thesefirms will undoubtedly increase. Manyformer proprietors of small firms whowent out of business because of lack ofgoods or better opportunities in war workor were drafted will get into businessagain as soon as the opportunity arises.

While there is no basis for making aprecise estimate of the increase in num-ber of small firms and employees of smallbusiness in the post-war years, it seemsreasonable to expect that the 1941 situ-ation will be restored. This means re-placing the 280,000 employing organiza-tions which went out of business between1941 and 1943. Small firms may alsomake up the 1941-43 loss of 1,500,000employees.

Favorable business conditions in thepost-war years would probably result ina business population well above thatof 1941. A high level of consumption, alarge program of plant and equipment

.expenditures by private business, andcatching up on residential constructionwill open up important opportunities forsmall business. Since small firms em-ploy a relatively large percentage of thenonagricultural labor force, the mainte-nance and growth of a large small busi-ness population will reinforce the eco-nomic tendency toward expansion.

Table 5.—Percent of Number of Employ-ing Organizations and Employment inLarge and Small Concerns, by Indus-try, 1939 and 1943

Industry and size of firm

All industries, total1-49 employees50 or more employees

Mining, total1-49 employees50 or more employees-

Contract construction, total. _1-49 employees50 or more employees

Manufacturing, total: 1-49 employees50 or more employees

Transportation, communica-tion, and public utilities,total i

1-49 employees50 or more employees

Retail and wholesale trade,total

1-49 employees50 or more employees

Finance and service, total1-49 employees50 or more employees

Percent offirms

1939

100.096.53.5

100.087.912.1

100.097.1

2.9

100.082.217.8

100.093.07.0

100.098.51.5

100.098.0

2.0

1943

100.096.33.7

100.089.510.5

100.095.2

4.8

100.080.020.0

100.094.06.0

100.08.41.6

100.097.92.1

Percent ofemployment

1939 1943

100.034.165.9

100.019.081.0

100. 012.357. 7

100.017.182.9

100.021.478.6

100.058.841.2

100.066.433.6

100.025.374.7

100.016.683. 4

100.054.145.9

100.08.3

91.7

100.017.582.5

100.052.647.4

100.053.746.3

Chart 5.—Percentage Distribution of Employing Organizations andEmployment, by Industry and Size of Firm x

. T~ I FIRMS WITH 50 OR1 1 I M 0 R E EMPLOYEES

ALL INDUSTRIES^

PERCENT

100

80

60

40

20

. .O

:

-

-

i

MANUFACTURING

PERCENT

1 0 0

8 0

6 0

4 0

2 0

n

-

-

/

• y / /

/

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

PERCENT

WHOLESALE ANDRETAIL TRADE

PERCENT

80

60

40

20

-

-

'/''/•

FINANCE, INSURANCE, REALESTATE, AND SERVICE

PERCENT

IOO

80

60

40

20

O_

-

' ' / / / •

' / / / ^

Y/Y.////'/.'/'

MINING ANDQUARRYING

PERCENT

IOO

80

60

40

20

n

-

-

1939 1943FiRMS

1939 1943EMPLOYMENT

1939 1943FIRMS

1939 1943EMPLOYMENT

1939 1943FIRMS

1939 !943EMPLOYMENT

1 Data for 1943 are adjusted for nonreporting of employment.2 Includes transportation (other than railroads), communication, and public utilities not shownseparately in the chart.

Source : Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, Social Security Board.

1 Does not include railroads.Source: Basic data from Bureau of Old-Age and Surviv-

ors Insurance.

In the longer run, the opportunitiesfor new business enterprises will dependupon how successfully the level of pro-duction and consumption can be main-tained once the favorable stimuli arisingfrom the war have spent their force.

Sources and MethodsThe primary source of data for the esti-

mates of employment, number of employ-ing organizations, and wage payments arethe employer records of the Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance. Since the in-formation obtained from these records ap-plies only to concerns with one or more em-ployees, figures for nonemploying concernswere not included. Similarly, no attemptwas made to estimate employment or thenumber of firms for industries which are notincluded under the coverage of the SocialSecurity program.

All of the data from this source refer tofirms or business enterprises—not to estab-lishments or branches of such concerns. Asingle firm might thus include a number ofseparate establishments. The classificationof firms by industry was similarly based onthe principal industry of the concern as awhole, determined by the establishment withthe largest volume of employment.

The over-all material on employment,number of firms, and wage payments, classi-fied by size of concern, was taken from yearlythird quarter tabulations of the Bureau of

Old-Age and Survivors Insurance. Returnsfrom employers which were received too lateto be included in the tabulations were dis-tributed proportionately on the basis of thetabulated material.

Beginning in 1941 the employment statis-tics of the Bureau of Old-Age and SurvivorsInsurance deteriorated somewhat throughthe failure of employers to answer a ques-tion on the tax form asking for the numberof employees as of the last pay period in themonth and the dropping of a question onseparation date for employees who left theconcern. These data, prior to the 1941 re-ports, served as a basis for determining thenumber of employees still working in theconcern during the last pay period.

When The question on employment wasnot answered, the number of employees listedon the return as having worked at some timeduring the quarter was used as a measureof employee size. As a result, the size ofconcern for firms which did not reply to theemployment question is influenced by laborturnover—more names appearing on the re-turn than there are jobs at any particularmoment.

In 1942 a study was undertaken by theBureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insuranceto determine the influence of this factorupon the size classification of employing or-ganizations. The results of this study wereused to adjust both the over-all and industryfigures shown in the tables. Inasmuch as thesame correction factors were used for both1942 and 1943 while labor turn-over increased

(Continued on p. 20)Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


Trends in Textiles and ClothingBy Loughlin F. McHugh

SINCE the general stabilization pro-grams went into effect in the spring

of 1943, the pressures of income on ci-vilian supplies have been fairly well con-tained, with the cost of living held to amoderate increase. Analysis of thecomponents of the cost of living reveals,however, that the stabilization programhas not been uniformly successful. Themajor factor in the stability of over-allliving costs has been the food and rentcontrols. Foremost among the compo-nents of living costs which now commandthe attention of the anti-inflationary au-thorities is the civilian clothing situ-ation.

Clothing Expenditures UpThus far in the war, production of

clothing to meet civilian needs has beenwell maintained. Although men's ci-vilian clothing output was in 1944 con-siderably below the record output of1941, the reduction has not been muchmore than the decline in the civilian malepopulation resulting from the growthof the armed forces. Production ofwomen's clothing, on the other hand,reached record levels in 1943, andthough slightly lower in 1944, was stillsubstantially above 1939 production bothin total and on a per capita basis.

The situation is similar in infants' andchildren's wear. War Production Boardestimates of 1944 production indicatethat from prewar years increases of sub-stantial amounts occurred in such cate-gories as overalls, playsuits, sleepinggarments and coat and legging sets-.These increases were accompanied bydecreases in other items, such as dresses,children's knit union suits (largely ex-plained by style trends), and waist suits.It appears, however, that 1944 produc-tion was considerably above 1939, evenif account is taken of the increased childpopulation over this period.

It would seem that the shortage on anover-all basis which has appeared in in-fants' and children's clothing has beenprimarily the result of increased pur-chasing power, and consequently in-creased demand.Price Rise Important.

As durable consumer goods disap-peared from the market under wartimerestrictions of output, clothing outlayshave constituted an increasing portionof total outlays for goods (as distinctfrom total expenditures which also in-clude services), the relative share risingfrom about 13.6 percent in 1941 to over16 percent in 1944.

Consumer expenditures have doubledsince 1939, reaching about 11.5 billion

dollars in 1944. The greatly expandedoutlays in 1944 over pre-war appear tohave been the result not so much of in-creased production as purchases from ac-cumulated stocks, shifts in kinds of ap-parel bought, and most important, in-creased prices. It may be noted, for ex-ample, that expenditures in 1944 rose atabout the same rate as prices, whichaveraged about 8 percent above 1943, asmeasured by the Bureau of Labor Sta-tistics index of clothing costs. Over thewhole war period, from 1939 through1944, this same index shows an advanceof clothing prices of 42 percent, whichmay be compared with a rise of 29 per-cent in the over-all cost of living index.

Recent trends in clothing prices areparticularly disturbing in that after aperiod of relative stability following theinstitution of price controls, prices haveagain assumed a strong upward trend,with many items showing acceleratedincreases.

The rise in clothing prices over thewar period has varied for different typesof apparel, as may be seen in the ac-companying table showing the percentchange in major group prices and thoseof selected items. (See table 1.) Pres-sures have been felt most in cottonclothes. The advance in women's cloth-ing has been more than in men's. Par-ticularly large increases have occurredin women's cotton house dresses and

nightgowns, girls' wool coats, men'sshorts, pajamas, work shirts and over-alls.

It also appears that lower income fami-lies have faced the sharpest price in-creases. The Department of Agricul-ture's index of clothing prices paid byfarmers, in which the articles priced arerelatively low, shows a price increase ofalmost 70 percent over the war period.

The Bureau of Agricultural Economicsestimates price increases from 1939 to1944 of 137 percent for percale house-dresses, 129 percent for cotton work shirtsand 96 percent in percale yard goods.While these considerably larger increasesin prices, as compared with those shownby the Department of Labor index, aredue in part to the different methods ofmeasurement, a major share of the di-vergence results from the generally lowerprice range of the items bought by farm-ers.

In discussing the wartime increases inprices of clothing, it should be remem-bered that the currently available meas-ures of prices take little or no accountof quality deterioration, which while al-most impossible to measure accurately,has been generally regarded as serious.The Mitchell Committee, appointed byChairman W. H. Davis of the President'sCommittee on the Cost of Living, madea rough estimate that this factor wouldadd about 5 percent to the increased

Chart 1.—Percentage Change in Production of Selected Women's andChildren's Outerwear, by Price Lines, First Half 1944 From First Half1943 1

TYPE OF OUTERWEAR- 6 0 - 40 -20

PERCENT+20 +40 +60 +80 +100

GIRLS7 AND TEENS' DRESSES

WOMEN'S, MISSES', ANDJOJIORS' DRESSES

CHILDREN'S AND INFANTS'DRESSES AND SUIT DRESSES

WOMEN'S, MISSES', ANDJUNIORS' BLOUSES, WAISTSAND SHIRTS, AND DICKIES

CHILDREN'S ANDINFANTS' COATS

NOTE.—Mr. McHugh is a member of theCurrent Business Analysis Unit, Bureau ofForeign and Domestic Commerce.

D. D. 45-1321 Percentage changes are based upon preliminary indexes of production for identical firms. Prices

are shown at retail levels.Source : U. S. Department of Commerce.Digitized for FRASER



Chart 2.—Percentage Distribution of Production by Price Lines, forSelected Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Outerwear *

STREET

PERCENT

100

7 5

5 0

25

0.

HIlIi\

I•u

DRESSES

PRICE PER UNlTiy

ill1•1i

$6.01AND UP

$3.01-$6.00

$3.00 ANDUNDER

1st HALF1943

3rd QR.1944

1st HALF1943

3rd QR.1944

*Percentage distribution is based upon preliminary indexes of production for identical firms.1 Prices are shown at retail levels.Source : Office of Civilian Requirements, War Production Board.

clothing prices from January 1941 to De-cember 1943 /•

A spot check by the Office of Price Ad-ministration in early 1944 found someclothing items of lower quality sellingat prices higher than better quality mer-chandise. The possibility of quality va-riation has been one of the most impor-tant factors making for difficulty of en-forcement of price ceiling by the OPA.

Shifts to Higher Priced Lines.

By far the largest part of the recentsharp increase in clothing prices has beencaused not so much by actual price ceil-ing increases but rather by the fact thatlow priced garments have been disappear-ing from the market. Behind the disap-pearance of these low end items havebeen two influences. Price regulationshave at times permitted more finishing offabrics by manufacturers which hasraised prices, and producers have at thesame time shifted to production of higherpriced items.

The shift to higher priced lines ofclothing may be seen in the accompany-ing chart. The data available on thesetrends cover production of identical firmsreporting to the War Production Board.Though these data do not cover the entireindustry, they do represent the largermanufacturers of clothing and include c*substantial volume of production. Sincethe coverage is not complete, the size ofthe bars should not be taken as exactmeasures of the extent of the disparitybetween high- and low-priced lines.They can, however, be taken to indicatethat this disparity exists and is consid-erable in magnitude.

1 Report of the Technical Comviittee ap-pointed by the Chairman of the President'sCommittee on the Cost of Living, Wesley C.Mitchell, Chairman, Part II, p. 28.

Of the 20-odd items for which adequatedata on production by price lines exist,the bulk of the goods indicated a relativedeterioration of supplies in the lowerpriced lines. Either the production ofhigher priced lines rose while productionof lower priced lines fell, or if productionof both categories moved in the samedirection, lower-priced lines rose lesssharply or fell to a greater extent.

The net effect of these shifts in pro-duction on the output of low-priced goodsis presented for three items of women'sapparel in chart 2. Production was fall-ing over the interval covered. Almostthe entire drop was in these lines.

In the case of street dresses sellingover $6 a unit and blouses selling atabove $22.50 a dozen (the higher-pricedlines) production was higher in the thirdquarter of 1944 than in the average quar-ter of the first half of 1943. Significant-ly, the majority of instances where low-price-line production improved relativeto the higher lines, the improvementcovered articles in which materials weredirected under WPB distribution con-trols to manufacture of lower-pricedgoods.

Cloth Production DownIn 1944, it became apparent that if sta-

bilization was to be achieved in this sec-tor, ceiling price control would have tobe supplemented by a mechanism for in-creasing available essential clothing sup-plies in low- or medium-price lines.

The difficulties faced in this situationhave been magnified by the fact that to-tal cloth production available for civilianmarket in late 1944 was at the low pointof the war. The continued heavy andeven increased military demand in thefirst half of 1945 is leading to the tight-est clothing picture since the war began.

The full effect of the reduced flow offabrics to civilians will not be felt inthe consumer market until later thisyear. It should be remembered how-ever, that the recently increased militaryrequirements were predicated on thecontinuation of a global war. Victory inEurope should tend to ease the civilianclothing picture through reduced mili-tary needs.

Rayon Fabrics Near Record Output.

Production of rayon fabrics, particu-larly important in the making of wom-en's wear, increased over 18 percentfrom 1939 to 1941. Since that latter yearproduction has remained high—ataround 1.6 billion yards a year. (Chart3.)

With civilian silk and nylon outputpractically eliminated, the resulting gapwas filled by rayon. At the same time,the wool situation in the early war yearsresulted in a trend to the use of rayon-wool blends which further expanded thedemand for rayon yarn.

Military demands for rayon fabricsshown in the chart, chief of which arefor use in parachutes, uniform liningsand self-sealing gasoline tanks, in-creased steadily up to 1943 when theyapproximated 14 percent of output, andresulted for the first time in a reductionin that year of new supply for civiliansto the prewar level. A lower militarytake in 1944, which amounted to about10 percent of output, helped ease thecivilian supply situation last year. Theincreased wartime emphasis on high-tenacity rayon tire fabrics (productionof which is not shown on the chart) formilitary use has been a major limitingfactor on civilian supplies of rayonfabric.

With increased military requirements,particularly in yarn for tire fabrics andslightly lower rate of output (due mainlyto the conversion of some rayon facili-ties for spinning cotton yarns) new sup-plies destined for civilians in the firsthalf of 1945 are expected to be at thelow point reached in the war period.

Table 1.—Percent Increase in ClothingPrices in 1944 and from June 1939 toDecember 1944

Type of clothing

A11 clothingCottonWoolenSilk and rayon

Women's clothingMen's clothing...Selected apparel:

Women's cotton house dresses..Men's cotton pajamasMen's cotton shortsWomen's cotton nightgownsWomen's girdlesMen's cotton work shirtsGirl's wool coatsMen's cotton overallsPercale yard goods (cotton)Men's cotton undershirtsWomen's heavy plain wool coats-Men's wool jackets

Percent increase

Dec. 1943 June 1939to

Dec. 1944

6.19.06.05.68.24.1

13.816.816.317.414.05.5

12.25.13.15.1

13.612.7

toDec. 1944

42.460.242.136.544.739.9

116.293.292.892.072.470.365.762.458.556.452.550.2

Source: U. S. Department of Labor.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

April 1945

Woolens Maintained at High Level.

Wool fabric production continued toexpand through 1943, with output in thatyear about 536 million yards, or 165million yards, or 40 percent more thanin 1939. The increase in productionthrough 1941, while rising military re-quirements were still relatively small,permitted a larger civilian flow andhelped build up a backlog of wool gar-ments. This backlog tided over the twosucceeding years when the war claimswere about one-half of the total output.Sharp cuts in military requirements weremade in 1944 so that for the year as awhole, civilian output was again as highas in 1939.

Total production declined slightly in1944, and the trend is expected to con-tinue in the early part of 1945. This fac-tor, coupled with a war demand, whichis expected to take approximately three-fifths of woolen fabrics in the first halfof 1945, indicates that output for civil-ians is cut to a point far below 1939 andeven substantially below the limited pro-duction for civilians of the 1942-43 pe-riod.

Cotton Fabric Output Declines.

Cotton fabric production in 1944, as inthe case of the other fabrics, was sub-stantially above 1939. Unlike the situa-tion in rayon and woolen fabric produc-tion, however, the trend of output hasbeen steadily downward since 1942, withproduction in 1944 about 1.5 billion linearyards below the record output of 11.2billion in 1942.

Meanwhile war demands have re-mained heavy. Although slightly easedin 1944, these demands claimed about 30percent of total output leaving the sharefor civilians at about 6.6 million yards,20 percent below output in 1939. As in-dustrial use of this fabric also expandedabove pre-war, the output going intocivilian apparel and housefurnishing wasdown even more sharply from pre-war.

Military demands have in general af-fected more severely the supply of thosetypes of fabrics, such as denims, printcloths, twills and drills from wh"ch es-sential civilian needs are also met. Tenttwill, an army duck substitute, for ex-ample, which is under strong expeditingactions at present, has cut severely intocivilian supplies of denims from whichwork clothing is made.

It may be noted that the decline intotal cotton cloth production for 1943 to1944 occurred almost entirely in coarseand medium yarn fabrics, particularlysheeting and print cloths. Production offine cotton goods and specialty fabricsv/as maintained relatively well in 1944.These latter types of fabrics contain, inaddition to cloths which are needed foressential civilian and military needs, asubstantial portion of fabrics going intosuch uses as bedspreads, draperies, up-holstery, table cloths and more expen-sive types of wearing apparel.

Civilian Supply After V—E Day.

The possibility of increasing the flowof fabrics to apparel manufacturers inthe latter part of 1945 depends primarilyon either or both of two factors: A pos-

634686—45 3


sible easing of demands following vic-tory in Europe and the reversing of thedownward trend in output of fabrics.

The prospect of relieving the domesticclothing situation through reduced ex-ports appears dim. Not only are exportsa small proportion of domestic produc-tion but the needs of liberated areas areurgent. Used clothing will be used tohelp alleviate conditions in these areas.

Reduced war demands on cloth pro-duction will, therefore, depend on mili-tary requirements. In this connection itmay be pointed out that in outfitting thearmy it was necessary not only to con-sider its immediate needs, but to buildup a reserve to insure an even flow ofsupplies to clothe a growing militaryforce. With the attainment of peakmilitary strength, the requirements oncurrent output should ease. This ex-plains in large part the slight lesseningof military demands between 1943 and1944. The increased requirements inrecent months appear to have been due tospecial factors, connected with changedcombat conditions.

Doubtless with the ending of theEuropean phase of the war, any reduc-tion in military personnel will also tendto ease the over-all pressure on militaryclothing needs although in certain fab-rics and constructions, the demand maywell be maintained or even expanded by-changed war requirements.

Chart 3.-—Production of BroadWoven Fabrics x

17

Factors Influencing Production

BILLIONS OF LINEAR YARDSI 2

COTTON FABRICS

RAYON FABRICS

WOOLEN AND WORSTED FABRICS

1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944D.D. 45-129

1 Cotton and rayon fabrics exclude tire fa-brics ; woolen and worsted fabrics excludewoven felts. Where the war portion of fabricsdoes not show in the chart, the amount is negli-gible.


Immediate relief from the present sup-ply difficulties in the consumer cloth-ing picture rests either in an increase incloth production or in insuring a sup-ply of fabrics for the more essentialcivilian use. Can cloth production beincreased? To answer this question wemust first examine the reasons why clothproduction has been falling.

Profits in Textiles High.

Profits in the textile industry as inindustry generally have been high duringthe war period. Profits before taxes—important in the analysis of whetherprice cost relationships constitute a de-terrent to high level output—are esti-mated, on the basis of preliminary Bu-reau of Internal Revenue data, to haveincreased over fivefold from 1939 to 1942.While available evidence suggests thatprofits for 1943 and 1944 were slightlylower than in 1942, they still remainedat about five times the 1939 total.Profits after taxes in textiles, althoughnot showing the same rate of increase,are nonetheless about three times 1939profits.

A study made by the Office of PriceAdministration of earnings in 1943 and1944 indicates earnings before taxes incotton textiles, where the decline in out-put has been most serious, amounted to340 million dollars as compared withearnings of 28 million dollars for theaverage of the peacetime years 1936-39.In apparel wear also, earnings beforetaxes have been far above the 1936-39average. Preliminary estimates, againby the OPA, showed earnings before taxesat 240 million dollars, over 10 times earn-ings in the base period. Incomplete datafor 1944 for the cotton textile and theapparel groups indicated no significantchange in 1944 from 1943 earnings.

It may be noted, moreover, that thewartime change in earnings in the tex-tile manufacturing and apparel indus-tries compares favorably with profits forall manufacturing corporations. Totalcorporate profits before taxes increasedslightly less than fivefold, and profitsafter taxes approximately doubled be-tween 1939 and 1944. It appears, there-fore, that in general price cost relationsand profits have not been a major influ-ence in declining cloth production.

Raw Materials Adequate.

Raw materials have been available insufficient quantities to produce morecloth. As may be seen from the charton raw cotton, which forms the basis ofabout 80 percent of all textile cloth pro-duction, total supplies (domestic pro-duction plus stocks) represented in eachyear more than 2 years domestic con-sumption even at the peak rate of thecalendar year 1942 when 11.4 millionbales were consumed.

Likewise, total raw wool supplies re-mained easy primarily because of sub-stantial imports for stockpiling purposes.Rayon yarn and staple fiber also in-creased steadily with domestic produc-tion in 1944 over 90 percent higher thanin 1939. The increased military demandfor rayon tire fabrics has however lim-



ited the supply of yarn available forcivilian use.

Facilities Available.

Facilities, too, are available for theproduction of a larger volume of cloth.Table 2 summarizes the salient factorsin this respect.

Carding and combing machines areused early in the process of turning theraw materials into cloth, straighteningthe fibers preparatory to spinning onspindles which make the yarns laterwoven into cloth on the looms.

It will be seen from table 2 that, in gen-eral, operation of carding machines pacescotton cloth production. While cards incotton mills are operating near capacityon the first and second shifts, only about50 percent of these machines in place atthe end of 1944 have been operated or as-signed for production on the third shift.Data also indicate the possibility of ex-pansion on second and third shifts inwoolen mills. Rayon capacity utilizationis most nearly complete. The facilitieslimitation in this industry is found in thecapacity to produce the basic syntheticyarn. The recent decision of the WarProduction Board to convert 50 percentof spun rayon spinning facilities to theproduction of cotton tire fabric yarn fur-ther limited the possibility of expandeduse of facilities for rayon fabrics.

While this table indicates in generalthat machinery is not a limiting factorin the production of fabrics, it also showsa considerable unevenness of rates of op-eration for the different machines. Thissuggests an unbalance in equipment inplace, resulting primarily from the shiftsin production from normal output tomilitary goods.

The persistency of this unbalancedstate of equipment has been caused by thelimitations placed on textile machineryproduction. New facilities have beenlimited largely to those involved in turn-ing out specially needed military fab-frics. The larger wartime output of tex-tile mills has been made possible by

Table 2.—Machinery and MachineryActivity in Textile Manufacturing In-dustry 1

Chart 4.—Production, Consump-tion, and Stocks of Cotton 1

MILLIONS OF RUNNING BALES

Percent active2

Type of machinery

Cotton:CardsSpinning spindlesLooms

Woolen and worsted:Loom s—w o o 1 e n and

worstedsSpinning spindles in

woolen millsWors ted sp inn ing

spindlesWorsted combs

Rayon and silk:CardsSpinning spindlesLooms

6

2

8

4

0

PRODUCTION

>

v— j * ^ CONSUMPTION

—

i

sroc

NO

' '^1-

-TE - GffCV YEARENDING JULY 31.

1 1

1 Mills producing broad woven fabrics.2 For cotton and woolen mills, end of 1944 data; rayon

and silk, end of September 1944.Sources: U. S. Department of Commerce and War

Production Board.

1939-40 1940-41 1941-42 1942-43 1943-44 1944-450. D 45 -128

1 Consumption and stocks of foreign cottonare not included. All data for 1943-44 and1944-45 are preliminary and partly estimated.

Sources : U. S. Departments of Agricultureand Commerce ; domestic consumption for1944-45 is an estimate by the latter agency.

improved operating technique, more con-tinuous operation and, only to a limiteddegree to expanded facilities.

Manpower Losses in Textiles.

The basic difficulties in textiles is,therefore, not to be found in lack ofmaterials, profit incentives, or capacity.Rather it is the declining employment, aloss which has not been offset by increas-ing the working hours of those still em-ployed in the industries. The basic datain this connection are presented intable 3.

As may be seen, textile employment ingeneral is higher than in 1939 but sub-stantially below 1942. While weeklyhours of work, which have increasedmoderately throughout the war period,have added to the use of manpower ascompared with 1939 the increase from1942 on did not sufficiently offset the de-cline in employment in the last 2 years.Since the loss in production from 1942 tothe present has been confined almost en-tirely to cotton textiles—production ofwoolens and rayon fabrics in 1944 con-tinued at approximately 1942 levels de-spite the manpower loss—attention is fo-cused on employment in cotton tex-tiles (chart 5).

The decline in employment in this in-dustry corresponds almost exactly tothat of cotton-fabric production. Thebasic factor in this decline has been thelow earnings in the industry. Among the135 manufacturing industries for whichearnings are reported by the Bureau ofLabor Statistics, only three are belowcotton textiles.

Hourly earnings in this industry in1944 averaged 63 cents per hour as com-pared with $1.02 for all manufacturing.While wages were also relatively low inpeace years, the wartime tightening ofthe labor market has particularly af-fected the lower wage industries. It will

also be noted that, relative to manufac-turing in general, textile workers havenot gained as large an increase in wages.In other words, the gap in hourly earn-ings between textiles and other manu-factures has been increased over the warperiod.

It will be noted that only one-third ofthis industry is located in the North,where labor market conditions are gen-erally tighter than in the southern sec-tor of the industry. Though rates ofseparations are lower in the North, thetight labor market makes it more diffi-cult to replace those who do leave.

In the South, where the bulk of theindustry is located, the labor market ison the whole easier. One-third of thesouthern mills are located in small townsof less than 5,000 population and three-fourths of the mills are in towns of fewerthan 25,000 population. The surround-ing farm population constitutes a poten-tial source of additional labor.

In an attempt to increase efficiency ofmanpower utilization, the industry wasput on a mandatory 48-hour work sched-ule by the War Manpower Commissionin May 1944. Since a large part of theindustry was already on such a schedule,and part of the remainder was excusedfrom compliance by authorities, the effectof the order in increasing hours workedwas slight.

Average hours worked in cotton tex-tiles at present are 42 per week, an ad-vance of about 1 hour from 1943. Thisis approximately 3 hours per week belowthe average for manufacturing generally.In some cases bottleneck departments,especially in carding, result in other de-partments being unable to maintain a48-hour schedule. The fact that thehours worked are, however, considerablybelow those in competing establishmentsis an additional deterrent to keeping theworking force in view of the premiumgained from working longer shifts else-where.

Table 3.—Selected Factors Bearing onEmployment in Textiles

Industry

All manufacturing:1939 ".19421944 v

Nondurable manufac-tures:

193919421944 v

Cotton textiles, exceptsmall wares:

193919421944 v

Rayon and silk manu-factures:

1939 . . .19421944 v

Woolens and worstedmanufactures:

19391942 _ . . .1944 v

8,19212,61713, 653

4 5815, 6215, 430

396506440

12010290

149181151

42! 945.2

37.440.343.1

36.740.842.0

40.542.0

36.440.142.2

0. 633. 853

1.019

582.723.861

.389

.540

.630

.429

.586

.690

.528

.744

.841

23. 8636. 6546. 08

21. 7829.1337.13

14.2622. 0326.48

15.7823. 6628.99

19.2129.8135. 50

p Preliminary.Source: U. S. Department of Labor.



The recent War Labor Board decisionpermitting an increase in the minimumwage in cotton textiles can hardly beexpected to reverse the trend of employ-ment away from this industry. The wagedifferential between the industry andothers continues to be large. At best, ifthe decision results in granting the in-creased minimum, it may tend to detersome workers from leaving the industry.

Distribution Controls

Over much of the war period, the sup-ply and distribution of civilian clothingwas for the most part left to the workingof the free market. The general author-ity to direct production of textile fabricsby loom assignment and other means hasexisted for some time. But the use ofthis power has been mainly confined tothe procurement of additional suppliesof specific constructions to meet essen-tial military and industrial demands orto prevent shifts from more essential toless essential fabrics.

The major instrument of control intextiles has taken the form of a ratingsystem. The order of preference in whichdemand was to be filled was confined tomilitary, Lend-Lease, essential industrialusers, and some civilian uses, such aswork clothing. With the exception ofa small amount of clothing yardage givenratings to assist in supplying additionsto such scarce consumer apparel items asmen's shorts and infants' wear, the fillingof consumer clothing needs was met fromthe residual yardage produced by themills but not claimed for essential warand other highly rated requirements.

Since in general no system of distin-guishing between more and less essentialgoods had been set up, manufacturerswere free to decide on the purpose towhich the cloth should be put and theytended to use it in higher price lines.The growing shortages of many essentialcivilian goods have made imperative theestablishment of some order of essen-tiality in the consumer market and themechanism by which the more pressingconsumer needs would be filled.

Channeling Aspects of Present Program.2

There are two primary objectives ofthe present clothing program as out-lined by Government agencies: First, toinsure a larger volume of low and me-dium-priced essential garments; and sec-ond, to halt and reverse the trend tohigher clothing prices.

Since the present plans were not in-tended to affect the total supply of ap-parel or fabrics, the increased volumeof lower-priced essential garments mustbe secured by rechanneling the flow ofcloth from higher-priced and less essen-tial items to more essential lower-pricedgarments.

The first step in this direction is thelisting of the kinds of clothing deemed

essential. The list includes all majortypes of garments needed by consumersfor which suitable materials are avail-able. The definition of essentiality notonly names the garments, but also speci-fies that they must be produced at orbelow a certain price (referred to as the"cutoff price"). Manufacturers of gar-ments meeting these requirements are,under the program, given a priority onthe supply of fabrics available to makethese garments.

The amount of priority aid to whicha garment maker is entitled is deter-mined by the amount of fabric used inproducing the clothing item in 1943—a year when it is believed it was stillrelatively easy to obtain essential lowerpriced goods. It will be noted, however,that the amount of 1943 fabrics to whichthe producers may lay claim differsfor the various items of clothing. Someexamples of these differences are givenin table 4, showing for selected clothingitems the percent of 1943 production forwhich manufacturers are entitled to re-ceive priority assistance.

In effect, these differing proportionsimply an order of essentiality. Thehigher the percentage of 1943 productionfor which assistance is given, the morepressing the need for maintained or in-creased supply of the item. In the caseof cotton and woolens, a further controlof fabric utilization is added in that theconstruction of the fabric going into thegarments is also given. For example,the same fabric construction is specifiedfor women's, girls' and teen-age dresses,but whereas makers of women's dressesget only 20 percent of the 1943 materialused, the girls' and teen-age dressmanufacturers may get assistance for80 percent of their 1943 fabric use.

Granting manufacturers of essentialclothing prior claims on available fab-rics must be supplemented by provisionsinsuring the availability of fabrics tomeet these claims, if the piling up ofvalueless priority rights is to be pre-vented. The amount of cloth availablefor the production of civilian clothing

Chart 5.—Employment and Hoursin Cotton Manufactures, ExceptSmall Wares Industry

THOUSANDS OFWAGE EARNERS800

Table 4.—Illustrations of the Percent of1943 Production for Which PriorityAssistance May be Obtained by Manu-facturers

400 -

200 -2 The following description and analysis

follows the details of the Program as an-nounced by the War Production Board onFebruary 19, 1945, and contained in WarProduction Board Orders M-388, and M-388A(Cotton), M-388B (Rayon), and M-388C(Wool).

- 40

- 36

Selected items of apparel

Cotton:Infants' and children's wearMen's dress and sport shirtsMen's undershorts _Handkerchiefs . .Women's slipsWomen's dressesMen's and women's pajamas .

Rayon:Girls' skirts, blouses and slipsGirls' dresses-_Wromen's slips, nightgowns, skirts.Women's suits

Wool:Girls' and teen age dresses and skirts.Men's work shirts and pants _Men's suits-._Misses'skirts _. _ .Women's dresses

Percent of1943 productiongiven priority

assistance

100808055555535

1101009075

8080504020

321939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944

D. O. •

Source: U. S. Department of Labor.

Source: War Production Board, Order M-388.

depends essentially on what cloth is leftfrom new production after satisfyingmilitary and other highly rated orders.This residual is generally referred to asthe "free" yardage.

It is estimated by the War ProductionBoard that about 75 percent of free cot-ton and rayon fabrics, 80 percent of freewoolen fabrics, and 100 percent of freeworsted fabrics listed in the programwill be set aside to fill priority claims ofmanufacturers of essential garments.

The success of the program will de-pend therefore, on the ability to equal-ize the volume of fabrics set aside for usein essential garments with the claims ofmanufacturers on these fabrics. Thefact that fabric production, particularlycotton, has fallen since 1943, the baseyear used by garment makers in deter-mining their claims, and that militaryrequirements have been maintained, oras in the case of woolens and worsteds,substantially increased, indicates thatthe filling of manufacturers' claims topriority assistance will be extremely dif-ficult. It is in the light of this factthat the provisions of the program mustbe analyzed. Three aspects of the pro-gram as now constituted would seem tobe particularly important in their im-pact on the success of the program.

Importance of Price CutoffsIt has been pointed out above that

manufacturers in order to claim priorityrights to fabrics must use the fabrics ingarments selling at or below certaincut-off prices. In determining the priceat or below which priority aid is ex-tended, it was necessary to form a bal-ance between price cut-offs sufficientlylow to insure the use of fabrics in thelower price ranges and yet not so lowas to act as a deterrent to production.

The significance of the price levelabove which priority assistance is deniedrests in the fact that it determines to alarge extent the degree of rechannelingof fabrics. Table 5 cites a few examplesof the maximum prices for which prior-ity assistance may be granted compared



Table 5.—Program Price Cut-offs andAverage Prices Paid by Consumers,First Quarter 1944

[Dollars]

Apparel item Retail pricecut-offs

Men's wool suitsWomen's rayon slips.Girls' rayon slipsCi iris' cotton blouses_Men's business shirts

50. 00-55. 003. 25- 3. 501. 67- 2. 002. 20- 2. 303. 30- 3. 40

Averageprices paid

37. 502.201.501.802. 50

Source: For retail price cut-offs, XT. S. Department ofCommerce estimates based on prices contained in WPBOrder M-388; for average prices paid, the Office of CivilianRequirements, Second Survey of Consumer Requirements.

with the average prices paid by con-sumers for similar types of garments inthe first quarter of 1944. Examinationof these price cutoffs reveals that insofaras the cutoff prices are above the averagethey do, in general, permit assistance toproduction of medium as well as lowprice lines.

Another important section of the pro-gram concerns the level at which thesupply of fabrics for essential garmentsis set aside. In the case of woolens andcotton colored yarn fabrics, the mill pro-ducing the cloth must provide that thestated portion of yardage not allocatedfor more essential use is reserved foressential clothing use. In the case ofother cotton fabrics and rayon cloth, theset aside provisions apply to the freeyardage in the hands of the intermedi-ate processor (convertor), who takes theunfinished cloth made at the mill andhas it finished (bleached, printed, dyed,etc.) and made ready for sale to thegarment makers.

By having the "set aside" provisionsapply only to the convertor, the dangeris that the mills may produce fabricsunsuitable for low and medium price es-sential garments, in which case scarcefabrics could continue to be used in lessessential clothing.

The War Production Board has takencognizance of the possibility of unsuit-able fabrics being produced under thepresent system and has made clear thatin this case it has the power to orderdirectly the production of cloth requiredfor more essential clothing.

One final consideration may be noted.The program still permits a small butsignificant amount of cloth to be soldfor use in garments other than specifiedin the order. This was felt to be neces-sary in order to prevent too great arigidity in production in view of pos-sible and justifiable miscalculations.

The use of this free cloth will affectthe distribution pattern of clothing pro-duction. In general, it would seemprobable that this fabric will tend toflow to the producers of higher-pricedgoods or goods not on the essential list.The absence of specific controls on theproduction of less essential items ofclothing, however, may tend to makemore difficult the enforcement of theprovisions of the plan.

Despite these possible weaknesses inthe channeling aspects of the program,it appears that a substantial forwardstep has been taken in the direction of

insuring the use of scarce fabrics inmore essential clothing. The mecha-nism as now constituted seems, more-over, to be sufficiently flexible to pro-vide for rapid adjustment—throughchanges in the price cut-offs and the "setaside" percentages—to insure the suc-cessful combatting of the wartime trendsin clothing production.

Price Provisions of the Program.

Complementing the channeling as-pects of the program are price provi-sions which aim at reducing the pricepaid by the consumer for clothing.

The Office of Price Administration inDecember 1944 revised its regulations onthe finishing of cotton and rayon clothwith the objective of eliminating incen-tives to "over finish" cloth, a factorwhich has been important in increasingprices in recent years. This step is sup-plemented in the present plan by limita-tions on jobber mark-ups, limitations onthe extent of trimming permitted to theportion of total costs represented bytrimming in the base period, and otherlimitations on amount of cloth and work-manship. While these requirements willbuttress quality and price controls, theproblem of enforcement remains formi-dable.

The major feature of the new pricingregulations, the Maximum AveragePrice (MAP) plan 3 requires that garmentmanufacturers must plan production ofdifferent priced garments in such a man-ner that the average price realized is nohigher than the average in the base pe-riod. This provision will have the effectof reducing prices to consumers.

Other recently introduced price regu-lations will likewise make possible sav-ings to consumers, particularly the re-quirement that cotton garments havethe price ceiling under which it is pro-duced stated on it, and the reduction ofmargins below present levels.

General SummaryIt is clear that over the whole war pe-

riod civilian clothing problems have cen-tered in the rising prices for apparel andshortages in particular lines rather thanin any general insufficiency of apparel.The difficulties which did develop haveincreased over the war years—a trendwhich was accentuated by declining clothproduction in the last 2 years.

The Government program recently an-nounced involves the setting up of amechanism by which supplies of essen-tial low and medium priced garmentsmay be protected. In view of the factthat supplies will probably continueshort relative to demand for some time,even though the war in Europe ends inthe near future, the clothing programcan be a substantial aid to consumers inthis interval of tight supplies. It shouldcheck price advances for essential gar-ments and should insure an increasedsupply of these items of apparel.

3 At the time of going to press, the detailsof this plan had not yet been announced.The above discussion is based on the outlinesof the program as announced by the Officeof Price Administration.

Industrial Concentrationof Employment

{Continued from p. 14)

during the latter year, the data for 1943 areprobably under-corrected. In all cases thecorrected figures have been used in preparingcharts, in compiling secondary tables, andfor reference purposes in the text.

The industry comparisons are based on twospecial tabulations of the employer returnsto the Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors In-surance. The first tabulation for 1933 wasadjusted on the basis of the 1939 tabulationsby industry and size for changes occurringduring that year, and were used as 1939 fig-ures. A detailed tabulation of the multi-unit concerns for 1939 was helpful in estab-lishing bench mark figures for that year.

A similar tabulation was available showingin detail the number of firms, employment,and taxable wages for the third quarter of1943. Except in manufacturing, however,material was not available on the number ofmultiunit concerns. These multiunit con-cerns—firms with 50 or more workers Oper-ating in 2 or more industries or counties—accounted for roughly 20 percent of thetotal number of firms with 50 or more em-ployees. The industry distribution of singleunit concerns was used as a basis for allo-cating the multiunit concerns to the variousindustry groups. In this connection it issignificant that such a procedure resultedin almost precisely the same number offirms being assigned to manufacturing as wasindicated by the actual tabulation of multi-unit manufacturing concerns.

In view of the large number of people em-ployed by the multiunit concerns, no attemptwas made to distribute employment for theseconcerns by industry. Rather, employmentestimates of the Bureau of Labor Statisticswere used to determine the total number ofpeople employed in each broad industrygroup. From these industry totals was sub-tracted employment for single unit concernswith less than 50 employees for which defin-itive data were available. The residual wasascumed to be employment in the largerconcerns.

The shortcoming of such a procedure liesin the classification of employment by theBureau of Labor Statistics on an establish-ment basis and by the Bureau of Old-Ageand Survivors Insurance on a firm or or-ganization basis. Thus, small firms withless than 50 employees had their employ-ment classified in the dominant industryof the firm even though they were engaged inmore than one of the six industry groups.

Employment in large firms, on the otherhand, was allocated to the industry in whichit properly belonged. In view of the largeshare of the employment accounted for bythe large firms and the fact that small con-cerns are less likely than their larger com-petitors to be engaged in numerous lines ofactivity, the resultant employment figuresare believed to be largely on an industrybasis. In part, moreover, the industry over-lapping of employment in small firms tendsto be offsetting.

The necessity of classifying employmenton an establishment basis, however, un-doubtedly resulted in some understatementof the concentration of control over theworking force, employment in large firms be-ing split up according to the industries inwhich the separate establishments operated.

In arriving at the number of employees ineach industry size group, the number offirms in each size class was multiplied by theaverage number of employees for firms inthat class. This average was computed fromdata provided by the Bureau of Old-Age andSurvivors Insurance and remained remark-ably stable for the period considered. Intables 1, 2, and 3, the data on employmentwere taken directly from the yearly employertabulations of the Bureau of Old-Age andSurvivors Insurance.


April 1945 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS S-l

Monthly Business StatisticsThe data here are a coDtinuation of the statistics published in the 1942 Supplement to the SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS. That

volume contains monthly data for the years 1938 to 1941, and monthly averages for earlier years back to 1913 insofar as available; italso provides a description of each series and references to sources of monthly figures prior to 1938. Series added or revised since publication of the 1942 Supplement are indicated by an asterisk (*) and a dagger (f), respectively, the accompanying footnote indicating wherehistorical data and a descriptive note may be found. The terms "unadjusted" and "adjusted" used to designate index numbers referto adjustment of monthly figures for seasonal variation.

Data subsequent to February for selected series will be found in the Weekly Supplement to the Survey.

Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1941and descriptive notes may be found in the1942 Supplement to the Survey

1945

Febru-ary

1944

Febru-ary March April May June July August Sep-

temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

BUSINESS INDEXES

INCOME PAYMENTS f

Indexes, adjusted:Total income payments 1935-39=100.

Salaries and wages do . . .Total nonagricultural income do. -.

Total mil. of dol.Salaries and wages:

TotaH do.....Commodity-producing industries do

Public assistance and other relief H d o —Dividends and interest doEntrepreneurial income and net rents and roy-

alties mil. of dol.Other ircome payments doTotal nonagricultural income d o —

FARM MARKETINGS AND INCOME

Farm marketings, volume:*Indexes, unadjusted:

Total farm marketings 1935-30=100..Crops doLivestock and products do

Indexes, adjusted:Total farm marketings do . . .

Crops do.Livestock and products do.

Cash farm income, total, including Government pay-ments* mil. of dol.

Income from marketings* do . . .¥ndexes of cash income from marketings:!

Crops and livestock, combined index:Unadjusted. 1935-39=100.Adjusted do . . .

Crops do . . .Livestock and products do . . .

Dairy products do . . .Meat animals do . . .Poultry and eggs .do . . .

PRODUCTION INDEXES

indust r ia l Production—Federal Reserve Index

Unadjusted, combined index!.. . 19" 5-39=100..Manufactures! _.. do

Durable manufacturest - doIron and steelt doLumber and products! do

Furniture! doLumber! do

Machinery! doNonferrous metals and products! do

Fabricating*.. doSmelting and refining*.. do

Stone, clay, and glass products! doCement doClay products* - doGlass containers! do

Transportation equipment! doAutomobiles! ___do_...

Nondurable manufactures!.. doAlcoholic beverages! doChemicals! do

Industrial chemicals* doLeather and products! do

Leather tanning* doShoes do

245. 1269.8239. 6

12,739

9, 5233, £62

4S0

2,187459

11,679

113105118

144150139

1,3911,343

202.0310.0408. 0245. 0207. 0259. 0285. 0

P 2 4 9v 344

202v 114v 143

v 99M34

158

> 115

v 701P 2 3 6P 171

160P 3 1 9v 3fe'7v 120

v 120

232.4261.1228.7

12, 206

9,1804,044

79459

2,137351

11,118

12187

147

150127167

1,4391,343

202.0276.0271.5279.0201.0333. 5286.5

24025936621212215010745828528029916167

125205746238173115360406114113114

231.9258.8228.7

12,979

9,1384,009

791,161

2,186415

11,852

12783

160

156143165

1,5281,433

215.5274.0276.5272.0199.5322,5283.5

23825736321412414911045228728329716368

126216734233171128344405112106116

231.1258.3228.4

12, 582

9,1453,995

78811

2,127421

11,496

12374

161

146133156

1,4801,402

211.0270.0282.0262.0209.5306.0252.0

237255361213125142116445292293289163

74122227730232169127325408116116116

232.1259.1229.2

12, 387

9, 2234,008

78494

2,175417

11,242

13380

173

154139165

1,5461,452

218.5276.0284.0271.0219.0308.0278.0

236252357210127142119437279282273165

79122225726226168127323410112110114

233.9261.7231.1

13, 573

9,3444,051

781,554

2,189408

12, 396

12780

163

141116100

1, 5581, 504

226. 5275.0283.0270.0213.5316.0260.5

23625235420413314412744226326825216990

125228716228169143316411114111117

233.2263.0232.3

12, 928

9,2844,045

78914

2,241411

11,681

131114145

135117150

1,6491, 602

241.0252.0264.0244.0207.0266.5260.5

23224834820213014312343524324324416594

124213704223167151310408103107100

234.0263.1232.3

12, 586

9, 3044,056

78486

2,300418

11,269

J38131143

133105154

1,7411,690

254. 5261.0272.0253. 5202.0288.5265.5

235251349203135146129434245252226167100125213707229171198310408111107114

232.5262.0231. 9

13, 670

9,3754,039

781,317

2,474426

12,178

159180143

129109144

2,0071,954

294.0243. 5258.5233.5200.0240.0287.5

234249343202128139123427238252205164100120204695226173159307400121118122

235. 5263. 4233.6

13, 684

9,5414,066

79829

2,801434

11,877

189238153

142142142

2,4602,427

365.5262.5308.0232.5197. 5235. 5298.5

234250

••346206125143117428233246200167102122218704229173168309395115112117

237.5264.7235.3

13, 253

9,5084,010

79509

2,716441

11, 583

164178154

150155148

2,2562,188

329.5267.0298.0246.5191.5265.0308.5

23224834120112014110942223425219116395

121210699228173159308394118116119

239.0266 9236. 9

14, 405

9, 6534, 002

801,827

2,396449

13,082

136131139

137127144

1,7471. 697

255. 5263. 5295. 0242. 5192.0255. 0313.0

23024834219811314297

43122924718615982

120202

'709r 235

171146313396113114113

'241 .9' 268. 6' 238. 7

• 13,357

' 9,516' 3, 954

80'936

' 2, 369456

12,124

' 131126

' 135

' 144147

'1421,6581,571

237. 0278 0327. 0246. 0196.0267. 0290. 0

' 230'247

342' 197' 113'142

' 99'430

240262

'18716071

'116196

'705'235' 171

195' 315' 396' 113

112' 114

p Preliminary r Revised.TFormerly designated "Direct and other relief."§The total includes data for distributive and service industries and government not shown separately.*New series. For a description of the indexes of the volume of farm marketings and figures for 1929-42, see pp. 23-32 of the April 1943 Survey; indexes through 1942 were computed

by the Department of Commerce in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture; later data are from the latter agency. Data for 1913-41 for the dollar figures on cash farm incomeare shown on p. 22 of the May 1943 Survey but the annual totals have been revised beginning 1940; revised monthly averages based on the new totals are as follows (millions of dollars):Cash farm income, total including Government payments—1940, 759; 1941, 979; 1942,1,339; 1943, 1,660; income from marketings—1940, 695; 1941, 930; 1942, 1,281; 1943, 1,604; the monthlyfigures have not as yet been adjusted to the revised totals. Data beginning 1939 for the new series under industrial production are shown on p. 18 of the December 1943 issue.

!Revised series. Data on income payments revised beginning January 1939; for figures for 1939-41, see p. 16 of the April 1944 Survey and for annual totals beginning 1942, p. 22 ofFebruary 1945 issue; complete revisions are available on request. The indexes of cash income from farm marketings have been completely revised; data beginning 1913 are shownon p. 28 of the May 1943 Survey. For revisions for the indicated series on industrial production, see table 12 on pp. 18-20 of the December 1943 issue.


S-2 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS April 1945

Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1941and descriptive notes may he found in the1942 Supplement to the Survey

1945

Febru-ary

Febru-ary March April

1944

May June July August Sep-tember

Octo-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

BUSINESS INDEXES—Continued

PRODUCTION INDEXES—Con.

Industrial Production—Continued

Unadjusted—Continued.Manufactures—Continued.

Nondurable manufactures—Continued.Manufactured food products! 1935-39=100..

Dairy products! do.. .Meat packing do__.Processed fruits and vegetables* do

Paper and products! do.-.Paper and pulpt do.-_

Petroleum and coal products! do.._Coke do._.Petroleum refining! do._ _

Printing and publishing! do.. .Rubber products! do.. .Textiles and products! do.. .

Cotton consumption do.. .Eayon deliveries do_._Wool textile production do

Tobacco products do. . .Minerals! do.. .

Fuels! do. . .Anthracite! do.._Bituminous coal! do.. .Crude petroleum do_._

Metals do.. .Adjusted, combined index! do___

Manufactures do.. .Durable manufactures do.. .

Lumber and products do._.Lumber do.. .

Nonferrous metals do.. .Stone, clay, and glass products do._.

Cement do.__Clay products*-. do.. .Glass containers do__.

Nondurable manufactures do.. .Alcoholic beverages do.. .C hemieals do. _.Leather and'products do.. .

Leather tanning* do___Manufactured food products do...

Dairy products do._.Meat packing do...Processed fruits and vegetables*.- .do. . .

Paper and products do-_.Paper and pulp do...

Petroleum and coal products do__.Petroleum refining do...

Printing and publishing do...Textiles and products do...Tobacco products do...

Minerals do...Metals do...

Munitions Production

Total munitions* . 1943=100Aircraft* do__Ships (work done)* do..Guns and fire control* do...Ammunition* do..Combat and motor vehicles* do__Communication and electronic equipment* doOther equipment and supplies* do.

MANUFACTURERS' ORDERS, SHIPMENTS,AND INVENTORIES

New orders, index, total Jan. 1939=100..Durable goods do

Iron and steel and their products doElectrical machinery doOther machinery doOther durable goods do

Nondurable goods doShipments,index, total! avg. month 1939=100.

Durable goods do_._Automobiles and equipment do._.Iron and steel and their products do__.Nonferrous metals and products do.__Electrical machinery do__.Other machinery do. . .Transportation equipment (exc. autos) do__.Other durable goods do.._

Nondurable goods doChemicals and allied products. do-._Food and kindred products .doPaper and allied products do___Products of petroleum and coal do_._Rubber products doTextile-mill products doOther nondurable goods do

"140

139P 1 0 2

P 1 0 1P 2 4 5P 1 5 3

152215

P ! 1 8P135

P 1 5 0P 1 4 9

v 235P252

P124p 114

165

\1h173

P 1 5 6

~"~146

P 1 0 2P 1 5 3

123*142

P 1 0 8P 8 0P 8 0

116

143P94207891391362301762381012441521511871591141361451431621398524426236713112228516888131212177126359111105158128215140138135230238102152119142127

11113611C991098312399

261365275406291557194271384301247273483407,672206193205214175176299200163

142P113187851371342341742431012421511501911551171331411231551388624125936412911928716783131216175137341112107159

P135

202155137134234243100151123139126

1151481149511082126106

271384257389361611198268377295244275485401

2,561207193206204176178290202169

1439 1431839213813423317624210423115115119615312013814312915513911223925636112611829216578125227172123323116117158

P137

198152138134233242101151126140122

1111361109111476121111

280403272389455577201274389309248273513425

2,644208194204208172184295195174

147»1851809414213723717524610023014714219515212414614613415914214423625335612411527916176122210169116324112110154

P13918014514213723724698147124143120

1111431128811273122105

293436330395441621201264371290235274452411

2,526204190204200174179293185172

j

153P225

17210514113724217225210022814514019614812614614612815814314823525135412711826316884127230169119319115113153

9 153173136140136242252100145121142120

10413810584112761241C8

301445366398450589208273383314248272492427

2,436219196208200179192316200180

163P221

16216913212824717225989227 .13913919313112714314311815114214223024634712411424416586124222165128314105113153

P15117513013312924725995139122139117

106132

' 103'8511675114102

314487439396501592202263373289245257508402

2,468210187200203165194295162165

165»1781472131411372511712649823114114018914012914714712415414614523224834812711824516288122204168186314112108147

9 139169112142137251264102141126142114

1081271038712182115113

302455429326407590204264366292243263483392

2,310219193207206178185288184175

166P!55

14823614113725816827210023014714819614413114714812915114913823024634212011123815986116200168156307121120146

9 14716112114213725827299147124143

' 113

' 10712010181

'12379

'116115

299429381339370595215269372282253267521389

2,372

213198207216172187297184181

1599 12515618014313926617028110523114614019915012514414813315214812323224834412010923316188115212169166307115111156

9 152154139143139266281103146120143

'111

1081151028412582122127

316455415401439556226

'278'380'292252279515408

2,414221208218227180192342189189

1559 1081751331431382681702831072311491492091431371401481261551488923224834112211223416088116208173184307116112154

P165158145143138268283103149135143112

' 105109'987912588

'122' 116

316461416316440613223

'273'374'302

249282492390

2,412

210203211217179189293189189

1

'150P94184114134132

' 268167

'2831062371521462151521211811411091381466823224934312211122916390116218173169312114115

' 1 55P 145158146135132

'268'283104152131137111

'10510894

' 80' 128

95r 117rL114

r 327'478'411' 344'500' 623' 231'27*' 391'301'261'292

'556'411

' 2, 490'215'207215

'220'178' 208341

'1P4'186

r Revised. 9 Preliminary.•New series. Indexes of munitions production for 1940-43 are shown on p. 24 of the February 1945 Survey; subsequent revisions in the 1943 data are available on request.tRevised series. For revisions for the indicated unadjusted indexes and all seasonally adjusted indexes shown above for the industrial production series, see table 12 on pp. 18-20

weighting factors; the series "products of petroleum and coal" has been substituted for "petroleum refining" shown prior to the March 1945 Survey; data for other series are shown onthe revised basis beginning in the February 1945 Survey and annual totals back to 1939 are on p. 22 of that issue; complete monthly revisions are available on request.


April 1945 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS S-3


1945

Febru-are

1944

Febru-ary- March April May June July August Sep-

temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

BUSINESS INDEXES—Continued

MANUFACTURERS' ORDERS, SHIPMENTS,AND INVENTORIES-Continued

Inventories:Index, total avg. month 1939 = 100..

Durable goods doAutomobiles and equipment doIron and steel and their products doNonferrous metals and products* doElectrical machinery. doOther machinery doTransportation equipment (except automobiles)

avg. month 1939=100..Other durable goodsf do

Nondurable goods doChemicals ard allied products doFood and kindred products . doPaper and allied products doPetroleum refining . do..-.Rubber products doTextile-mill products doOther nordiTable goods. do

Estimated value of iraBufectureis' inventories*mil. of. dol_.

177.7208.6240. 6131.115.4.8339.8222.7

1,039.6108.21C0. 7If 0.3177.0133. 4106.0185.2125.8157.]

7. ere

176.7207.2244.7126.8155.6338.1227.2

1,012.6106. 7150.0161.4173.8136.1107.5187. 6123.5156.7

!7,f62

175. 2204.9241.5124.1154. 7330.3229.2

991.3106. 5149. 2163.8170.8139.0108.4190.6120.6155.3

17,414

173.7204.0240.3125.7153.6341.2226.9

943.7107.4147.2163.6166.2138.8112.0188.1118.5152.0

173.3203.6234.1126.7154.6338.9224.9

954.1106.5146.9164.9170.7139.8108.1182.1116.1149.3

17,268 17,229

173.2201.9229.9129.0152.7335.5225.1

910.2106.2148.1164.2177.7143.4108.3174.7116.2147.5

17, 215

173.7200.9228.0128.1153.0334.8218.4

929.3107.4149.9162.5185. 7144.7109. 0172.9115.0147.9

17,266

172.4198.8229.8127.5148.6327.8218.9

907.0105. 5149.4159.2187.0142.7109.7174.3112. 5147.9

17,139

172.0197.1229.6126.3145.8318.6219.4

895.2105.9150.1156.8188.3139. 9110.9174.3115. 6149.0

17,100

170. 8194.6220.2124.4146.7320.5216.2

873.8106. 4149.9154. 8184.7136.2110. 8176.1118.3151.8

16, 973

' 168. 2T192. 5r 232. 7••119.8' 148. 2' 318. 2'215.8

' 830. 1' 107. 3' 146.9T157. 5'171.8' 133.8r 109. 2

169.6'119.2' 153. 2

• 16, 718

166.6191.9239.7116.2155.1322.4222.3

104.7144.4152.7160. 8129.0105.9

123.5157. 6

16, 558

BUSINESS POPULATION

OPERATING BUSINESSES AND BUSINESSTURN-OVER*

(17. <S. Department of Commerce)

Operating businesses, total, end of quart* r..-thousands..Contract construction doM anufact uringWholesale tradeEetail tradeService industriesAll other

New businesses quarterlyDiscontinued businesses, quarterlyBusiness transfers, quarterly _ _

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL(Dun and Bradstreet)

Grand totalCommercial serviceConstructionManufacturing and mining _ .Eetail tradeWholesale trade

Liabilities, grand total __ .Commercial serviceConstruction . _ . . .Manufacturing and miningRetail tradeWholesale trade

dododo _dododod o . - . .do .

FAILURES

numberdodod o -dodo

thous. of doLdodododo

_ - do _

B U S I N E S S INCORPORATIONS

New incorporations (4 states) . _ _ number 1, 341

1322219324910

3, 1083f.92(9

2,032391107

939

' 2 849 2r 139 0T 216 3T 114 5

' 1,330 8' 548 2' 490 1r 65 3' f.0. 0' 41 8

969

1128435

1, 4C0173115801303

68

1,119

131V

2037569

3, 52457

3182,676

338135

1,024

1481426346311

2,697102249

1,293903150

1,248

r2,893 9137. 4226.4116 0

'1,355.1r 553 g

505 1r 81 4>• 36. 7T 48 6

1109

123151

71,854

224159

1,07130595

1,222

91109

2341

83,559

514144

2,451291159

1,142

7739

28325

1,05416

12355727286

1, 146

v2, £38. 4

PI, 381.0

82 IP 3 7 . 6

38.9

758

1224265

4,065155273

3,288161188

1,159

744

1130254

3,8194380

3,52115619

1,460

75121818216

3,0081 663

482513115235

1,506

9364

363611

1,8046741

1,076385235

1,520

808

1034262

5, 8832 622

8552,128

25424

1,682

COMMODITY PRICES

PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS!

U . S . Depar tment of Agriculture:Combined indexf 1600-14 = 100.

Crops d o . - .Food grain do._ .Feed grain and hay d o . . .Tobacco do_._Cotton d o _. _Fruit d o . . .Truck crops do_. .Oil-bearing crops do.. _

Livestock and products do.._Meat animals do. - .Dairy products d o . . .Poul t ry and eggs do-_.

C O S T O F LIVING

National Industrial Conference Board:Combined index 1923 = 100._

Clothing doF o o d § - . doFuel and light § doHousing doFun dries § .. . do

199197169KA•SCO1612112232152012C92C0183

105. 594.3111. 286.191.0115.1

1951961701693481612062472051941992011(8

' 103.591.6

•110.0' 9 6 . 4

90.8r no. 8

1S6198169171351161215242207194203199162

' 103.591.7

r 109.3' 95. 990.8

< 111. 8

196200171172352163237220207191203196151

- 104.291.9

110.1' 95.9

90.8' 113.1

194198170173350160232225208190201194153

104.692.3

110.695. 990.8

113.5

193197165170350163228231210189200192154

' 104. 592.5

' 110.5r 95. 7

90. 8

' m.5

192194161168350164230195209190197194165

105.092.5

r 111.7'95.790.9

r 113.6

193191156166355162214186209194201196171

' 105.093.0

' 111.6' 95. 790.9

' 113.6

192188155162358170206166207196200198179

105. 093.2

r 111.3' 95.890 9

r 113.8

194187164161357171205153211199201201190

' 105. 093. 6

' 110.8' 95.891. 0114.2

196189165157368168195188215202200203207

r 105. 393.9111.1' 95. 891.0

' 114.6

200196167160364168206228215202198203211

105.794. 0

112.391891.0

114.8

201200169163365163205262214202203202199

105.794.2

112.195.891.0

114.9

' Revised. v Preliminary. § Revisions for January 1944: Food, 111.5; fuel and light, 95.6; sundries, 110.7.* New series. Data for inventories of nonferrous metals and their products were included in the "other durable goods" index as shown in the Survey prior to the May 1943 issue;

revised figures for the latter series and the index for nonferrous metals beginning December 1938 are available on request. For the estimated value of manufacturers' inventories for1938-42, see p. 7 of the June 1942 Survey and p. S-2 of the May 1943 issue. For earlier figures for the series on operating businesses and business turn-over and a description of thedata, see tables on p. 10 of the May 1944 Survey and pp. 8-11 of the July 1944 issue and the accompanying text and notes on sources and methods.

t The indexes of prices received by farmers are shown on a revised basis beginning in the March 1944 Survey; revised data beginning 1913 will be published in a subsequentissue. Data for Mar. 15,1944, are as follows: Total, 198; crops, 196; food grain, 171; feed grain and hay, 166; tobacco, 359; cotton, 163; fruit, 211; truck crops, 203; oil-bearing crops,215; livestock and products, 200; meat animals, 211; dairy products, 198; poultry and eggs, 175. See note marked "*" in regard to revision of the index of inventories of "otherdurable goods" industries.Digitized for FRASER




1945

Febru-ary

1944

Febru-ary March April M a y June July August Sep-

temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

COMMODITY PRICES—Continued

COST OF LIVING-Continued

U. S. Department of Labor:Combined index _ ._ .1935-39=100..

Clothing _ doFood _ .doFuel, electricity, and ice doHousefurnishings doRent. _ doMiscellaneous. do

RETAIL PRICES

U. S. Department of Commerce:All commodities, index* 1935-39=100..

U.S. Department of Labor indexes:Anthracite 1923-25=100..Bituminous coal doFood, combined index.. 1935-39=100..

Cereals and bakery products* doDairy products* doFruits and vegetables*.. doMeats* do

Fairchild's index:Combined index Dec. 31,1930=100..

Apparel:Infants' doMen's doWomen's. _ do

Home furnishings. doPiece goods. _ _ __ do

WHOLESALE PRICES

U. S. Department of Labor indexes:Combined index (889 series) 1926=100..

Economic classes:Manufactured products doRaw materials doSemimanufactured articles do

Farm products doGrains doLivestock and poultry . do

Commodities other than farm products doFoods do

Cereal products doDairy products doFruits and vegetables doMeats do

Commodities other than farm products and foods1926=100..

Building materials _ doBrick and tile doCement doLumber „ doPaint and paint materials do

Chemicals and allied productsf- - doChemicals _ doDrugs and Pharmaceuticals! doFertilizer materials doOils and fats do

Fuel and lighting materials doElectricity doGas doPetroleum products do

Hides and leather products doHides and skins doLeather _ _ .doShoes do

Housefurnishing goods _ doFurnishings doFurniture do

Metals and metal products doIron and steel doMetals, nonferrous doPlumbing and heating equipment do

Textile products _. doClothing ._ d o . . .Cotton goods. doHosiery and underwear _ doRayon doWoolen and worsted goods do

Miscellaneous . do . . .Automobile tires and tubes doPaper and pulp do

Wholesale prices, actual. (See respective commodities.

PURCHASING POWER OF THE DOLLAR

As measured b y -Wholesale prices 1935-39=100.Cost of living do_._Retail food prices do___Prices received by farmers! do

126.8143.3136.5110.0143.80)123.2

139.6

105.0136. 5108.7133. 5168. 9130.7

113.4

108.2105. 4113.5115.6112.2

p 105. 2

P I O I . 5115.695. 0

127.0129.8131.8

v 100. 2104.794.9

110.8118.1106. 5

v 99. 2117. 0110.599.0

153.9106.494. 995. 8

106.981.9

102. 083.3

64.3117.6115.4101.3126.3104. 5J 07. 5101. 5

v 104. 298.085.992 499. 7

107.4119.9

71. 530.2

112.794.673.0

108.0

76. £78.973.253. 5

123.8135.2134.5110.3128.7108.1118.7

135.0

102.4103.8134.5108.1133.5163.0130.5

113.4

108.2105.3113.7115.6112.2

103.6

100.4112.893.4

122.5129.3123.399.3

104.595.1

110.7120.7106. 0

98.0113.6100.193.6

148.4103.995. 096.3

106.481.4

102.083. 160. 177.264.0

116.9111.0101.3126.4104.2107.1101. 4103.797.185.891.897.7

107.0113.470.530.3

112.593.473.0

106.6

77.6

74.254.6

123.8136.7134.1109.9129.0108.1119.1

135.1

99.9103.8134.1108.0133.6162.9130.6

113.4

108.2105.3113.7115.6112.2

103.8

100.5113.493.7

123.6129. 5125.699.3

104.695.1

110.5123.3106.0

98.1114.2100.393.6

150.7104.495.096.3

106.481.4

102.083.059.076.764.0

116.9111.2101.3126.3104.3107.2101.4103.797.185.891.897.8

107.0113.670.530.3

112.593.573.0

107.2

77.580.874.554.3

124.6137.1134.6109.9132.9108.1120.9

136.3

99.9104.0134.6108.0133.6168.8130.0

113.4

108.2105.3113.7115.6112.2

103.9

100.8113. 293.6

123. 2129.6123.699.6

104.995.2

110.2126.5106.2

98.4115.2100.393.9

153.4104.495.596.3

112.081.4

102.083.059.977.164.0

116.9111.2101.3126.3104.3107.2101.4103.797.185.891.897.8

107.0113.970.530.3

112.593.573.0

107.2

77.480.374.254.3

125.1137.4135.5109.8135.0108.1121.3

137.0

99.3104.3135.5108.1133.5172.8130.3

113.4

108.2105. 3113.7115.6112.2

104.0

100.9113.093.7

122.9129.7122.699.7

105.095.0

110.3126.8106.6

98.5115.7100.596.4

154.0104.795.896.3

112.081.4

102.083.259.078.464.0

117.0111.9101.3126.3104.3107.2101.4103.797.185.892.497.8

107.0113.970.530.3

112.593.573.0

107.2

77.480.073.7

! 54.8

125.4138.0135.7109. 6138.4108.1121.7

137.5

98.6104.4135.7108.4133.5174.0129.8

113.4

108.2105.3113.7115.6112.2

104.3

100.9114.293.8

125.0127.2123.099.6

106.594.7

110.3137.7106.1

98.5115.9100.696.4

154.0105.795.396.2

112.079.9

102.083.359.379.364.0

116.4108.4101.3126.3104.3107.2101.4103 797.185.892.497.8

107.0113.970.630.3

112.593.573.0

107.2

77.179.773.655.1

126.1138.3137.4109.7138.7108.2122.0

138.2

98.5104.4137.4108.6133.6176.9129. 3

113.4

108.2105.3113.7115.6112.2

104.1

100.9113.693.9

124.1125. 2123.499.6

105.894.3

110.3129.9105.9

98.5115.9100.796.4

154. 2105.595.596.2

112.081.1

102.083.259.57S.964.0

116.2106.8101.3126.3104.3107.2101.4103.797.185.792.498.0

107.0114.070.630.3

112.993.673.0

107.2

77.379.372.755.4

126.4139.4137.7109.8139.3108.2122.3

138.6

98.5104.6137.7108.5133.6175. 7129.0

113.4

108. 2105.3113.7115.6112.2

103.9

100.9112.794.1

122.6122.5125. 499.7

104.894.3

110. 5122.8105.9

98.6116.0100.796.4

154.4105.595.596.2

112.081.2

102.083.259.076.063.9

116.0105.7101.3126.3104.4107.4101.4103.897.185.892.498.4

107.0115.970.630.3

112.993.673.0

107.2

77.479.172.555.1

126.5141.4137.0109.8140.7108.2122.4

138.9

98.5104.6137.0108.6133.6169.9129.0

113.4

108.2105.3113.7115.6112.2

1Q4.0

100.9112.894.7

122.7121.7127.699.7

104.294.4

110.7115.9106.0

98.6116.0101.596.9

154.0105.594.996.0

106. 981.2

102.083.060.376.863.8

116.0106.1101.3126.3104.4107.4101.4103.897.285.892.499.2

107.0118.770.830.3

112.993.673.0

107.2

77.479.172.955.4

126.5141.9136. 4109.8141.40)122.8

138.8

98.6104.7136.4108.6133. 6162.9129.4

113.4

108. 2105. 3113. 6115.6112.2

104.1

101. 0113.294.8

123.4125.1127.199.8

104.294.7

110.7112.7106.0

116.3104.897.5

153.8106.095.096.0

106.981.8

102.082.959.676.063.8

116.2107.3101.3126.3104.4107.4101.4103.797.185.892.499.4

107.4118.871.530.3

112.993.673.0

107.2

77.379.173.254.8

126.6142.1136.5109.9141.70)122.9

139.0

104.7136.5108.6133. 6160.7129.7

113.4

108.2105.3113.6115.6112.2

104.4

101.1113.894.8

124.4124.8127.099.9

105.194.7

110.7113.7106.1

98.8116.4105.097.7

153.8106.394.895.5

106. 981.8

102.083.160.177.363.8

116. 2107.1101.3126.3104. 4107.4101.5103.797.185.892.499.4

107.4118.871.530.2

112.994.073.0

107.2

77.179.073.254.3

127.0142.8137. 4109.4143.0108.3123.1

139.6

98.7104.8137.4108. 6133. 5164.2129.9

113.4

108. 2105. 4113.5115.6115.6

104.7

101.1114.694.8

125.5127.5126.9100. 0105. 594. 7

110.7116.2106. 2

98.9116.4105. 397.5

153.8106. 394.895. 6

106.981.8

102.083.159. 974.663. 8

117.4114.0101.3126. 3104.4107. 4101.5103.897.285.892.499.5

107. 4119.271.530.2

112.994.273.0

107.3

76.878.772.753.2

127.1143.0137.3109.7143.60)123.1

139.7

98.7104.8137.3108.7133. 5168.9130.2

113.4

10S.2105.4113.5115.6112.2

v 104. 9

p 101.3115.194.9

126.2129. 3131.1

p 100.1104. 794.7

110.S114.4106. 4

•p 9 9 . 1

116.8110. 497.4

153. S106.394. ft95. fr

106. {•81. {

102. (83. [

75. 764. 3

117.."114.8101.3126.?104. c107. r101. "

P 104. (97.785.1"92.499. C

107.4119.7

71..'30.1

112.'9 4 /73. '

107.1

76.78.72.53^

v Pre l iminary . r Revised.1 December 1944 index based on rents in 20 large cities, assuming no change in cities not surveyed; rents not collected for other months .• N e w ser ies For a description of the D e p a r t m e n t of Commerce index of retail prices of all commodit ies , see p . 28 of the Augus t 1943 Survey; minor revisions have been made in

t he figures publ ished prior to t h e Februaryl945 Survey; 1939-43 revisions are available on request . D a t a beginning 1923 for the indexes of retail prices of t he food subgroups are avail-able on request ; the combined index for food, which is the same as the index under cost of living above, includes other food groups not shown separately.

f Revised series. T h e indexes of wholesale prices of chemicals and allied products and drugs and Pharmaceuticals have been revised beginning October 1941 owing to a changein t he me thod of comput ing t he ne t tax applicable to t he quoted price of undena tu red e thyl alcohol and a reduct ion in the weight assigned to this commodi ty ; revised figuresfor 1941-43 will be publ i shed later; the revision has not been incorporated in the all-commodities index, which would be affected only fractionally, or in t he indexes for manufacturedproducts , commodit ies other t h a n farm products , and commodit ies other t h a n farm products and foods. T h e index of purchas ing power of the dollar based on prices received b yfarmers has been shown on a revised basis beginning in the April 1944 Survey.Digitized for FRASER



Utiless otherwise stated, statistics through 1941and descriptive notes may be found in the1942 Supplement to the Survey

1945

Febru-ary

1944


tem berOto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

CONSTRUCTION AND REAL ESTATE

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY*

New construction total mil ofdolPrivate, total do

Residential (nonfarm) _ . . do _Nonresidential building, except farm and public

utility, total. mil. ofdolIndustrial do

Farm construction doPublic utility . _ do _

Public construction, total doResidential. . . . do _Military and naval _ _ doNomesidential building, total do

Industrial doHighway _ _ . _ _ doAll other do

CONTRACT AWARDS, PKRM1TS, ANDDWELLING UNITS PROVIDED

Value of contracts awarded (F. R. indexes):Total, unadjusted 1923-25=100..

Residential, unadjusted _ doTotal, adjusted do

Residential, adjusted doContract awards, 37 States (F. W. Dodge Corp.):

Total projects numberTotal valuation thous. oi do!

Public ownership doPrivate ownership. do

Nonresidential buildings:Projects .number..Floor area _. thous. of sq. ft..Valuation thous. of doL.

Residential buildings:Projects _ numberFloor area... ._. thous. of sq. ft..Valuation thous. of dol__

Public works:Projects _ . . .number. .Valuation _ thous. ofdol

Utilities:Projects numberValuation thous of do!

Indexes ol building construction (based on bldg. nerrnitsU.S. Dept.of Labor):t

Number of new dwelling units provided. 1935-39=100..Permit valuation:

Total building construction doNew residential buildings doNew nonresidential buildings doAdditions, alterations, and repairs do

Estimated number of new dwelling units in nonfarmareas (U. 8. Dept. of Labor):

Urban, totali _ _ do1-family dwellings do2-family dwellings doMuiiifamily dwellings do

Engineering construction:Contract awards (E. N. R.)§ thous. ofdol

HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION

Concrete pavement contract awards:tTotal thous of so yd

Airports ' doRoads doStreets and alleys do

CONSTRUCTION COST INDEXES

Aberthaw (industrial building) 1914 = 100American Appraisal Co.:

Average, 30 cities 1913—100Atlanta . doNew York . doSan Francisco _ doSt. Louis . do

Associated General Contractors (all types)___1913»100__E. 11. Roeckh and Associates, Inc.:

Apartments, hotels, and office buildings:Brick and concrete:

Atlanta U. S. av 1926-29—100New York. . d oSan Francisco doSt. Louis do

28113024

GO428

38151

64066671217

35114112

6,853146, 95774,15372, 804

2,11411, 87395, 681

4,2214,139

19, 3C0

30211, 407

21620, 569

30.7

44.025.649.770.2

5,3244,326

366632

1C0, 516

8267C82098

267273270241258

227.4

122.1154.8143 5143,2

32312346

25161042

200246673661918

38184521

8, 677137,246108,81228, 434

2,41311,77057, 269

6,2395.359

24,861

56323,466

36231,650

62.2

43.241.935.965.1

9,0507.351

4091,290

117,878

2,4241,670

325429

256264260234250

222.0

116.2145 3136 7134.8

31012544

26171243

185215473631819

40184017

9.P27176.383133. 26443,119

2,54611,86379,960

6,9147.533

35, 164

1, 05932, 596

40828, 663

71.9

52.655.539.280.7

4S 92512,36110,2611,165

935

175, 726

3,3172, 753

238325

221

258267262234252

222.0

116.0145 5137 3134.2

32012745

26171343

193206071622220

41IP3617

9,877179,2S6132,84546,441

2,61612,28969,491

5,8868,225

37, 772

P9540,097

38031, 926

65.3

51.343.747.578.2

9, 5927. 4231,0031,166

145, 040

1,8631,109

334421

259267202236252

223.0

116.8150 8139 6135.3

33313045

28181443

203196768582623

40193316

10,115144,20297. 95846,244

2,8888,027

53, 897

5,4997, 251

34,476

1,35536,137

37319,692

64.3

62.251.460.890.1

10,9238, 161

9561,806

138,857

2,6071,352

672583

260267266230252

223.8

116.8150 813f) 6135*. 3

34013846

30201547

202176267573224

41163416

8,309163,866121, 92441, 942

2,72610, 20562, 520

3,9426,477

30, 622

1,26438,929

37731, 795

67.5

66.355.164.197.5

48, 27811,5589, 1391.3931,026

157, 811

5,7433.2891,611

843

227

26026726(5236252

223.8

118.0151 4140 5135.7

34214145

31201847

201166762503422

43143814

8,830190, 539148, 19142,348

3,43514.50884,199

3, 8544.964

25, 813

1,20347,143

33833, 384

50.3

51.742.041.998.5

9.1807. 603

860717

158, 561

3,9662, 736

808423

260267266237252

223 8

118.0161 4140 5135.7

35714242

33202146

215136875633425

43134113

8,204169,341124.91344, 428

2,83112, 12776, 637

3, 8864,902

23, 273

1,16848, b93

31920, 738

47.5

48.939.741.388.5

8,2386,408

6551,175

211, 251

2,8121.0461,124

642

261267266238252

223.8

118.4151.7140 8136.7

34414139

35201948

2039

5979643224

40133913

9,105175, 739127, 00148, 738

3,14815, 67487,175

4,2174,444

24, 4/0

1,37140, 353

36923, 741

38.6

46.431.939. 197.6

38. 6086, 6865,406

575705

117, 919

2,712962

1,186564

227

262268268239254

224.2

119.0151.9142.0138.1

32813635

37211648

1928

5278653122

39134213

9,266144,845101,61243, 233

3,09911,48568, 841

4,7646.298

23, 805

97334,462

43017,737

43.7

57.032.561.4

100.2

7, 5735,979

733861

127,195

1,204456238510

263208268239254

224.2

119.0151.9142.0138.1

31113032

39231346

1818

4980672519

40134613

8,848164,850102, 52262,328

3, 27117.17393, 604

4,4814, 734

23, 288

72022,686

37625, 272

46.1

51.432.946.8

104.7

7,9506,468

612870

129, 740

2,6441,497

713435

265270269241255

225.0

121.6153.4143.2140.0

28412630

44271042

1587

4077651717

40125114

7,441188, 481114,17574, 306

2,78819,19397, 933

3,3934,872

23,902

83138, 784

42927, 862

46.4

39.832.533.073. 6

33,1748,0457,029

568448

93, 257

2,342839

1,092411

231

266271270241256

225.7

121.8153.1143.2142.4

••275'125' 2 5

5234

939

'1507

' 3 872611518

'3911

' 4 8' 1 4

7,210140, 94974, 96065, 989

2,22711,37481,614

4,2683,703

19, 536

44523,836

27015,963

29.1

' 38 .321.8

' 36 .3'80 .4

5,0464,095

213738

88,193

1,070541342187

266271270241256

226.8

121.8153.1143.2142.4

' Revised.v Preliminary § Data for March, June, August, and November 1944 are for 5 weeks; other months, 4 weeks. « m ™JData published currently and in eaiiicr isbues ol the buivey cover 4- and 5 week peiiods, except that l>erem»>ei fijiuies include awards through December 31 and January figures

begin January 1; beginning 1939 the weekly data are combined on the basis of weeks ended on Saturday within the months unless a week ends on I ho 1st and 2d of the month when itis included in figures for the preceding month (exceptions were made in the case of weeks ended Apr. 3, 1944, and Feb. 3, 1945, which were iucluded in the preceding month).

J 1 he data lor urban dwelling units have been ievised loi 1942-43; revisions prior to March 1943 are available on lequest.• £ c ' w / e r i o s - b a l a beginning January 1944 for the series on new construction are revised joint estimates by the U. S. Departments of Commerce and Labor and the War Produc-

tion Board; see note marked ' *" on page 8-5 of the January 1945 Survey for sources of earlier data. The series en residential (nonfnrm) construction hns been revised back to January1939 to exclude additions, alterations, and repairs, and the revision incorporated in the totals (for revised annual data for 1939-43, see p. 22 of February 1945 issue). Except for thisrevision, data lor 1929-4,5 are correci as putilisneu in issues oi the Purvey referred to iii the iooinote on p. 6-5 of the January 1945 issue: however, additional minor revisions in the 1942and 1943 data are expected. The quarterly estimates of total nonfarm dwelling units include data for urban dwelling units shown above by months and data for rural nonfarm dwell-ing units wnich are compiled only quarterly; for 1940 and i94J data, see p. S-4 of the November 1942 Survey (revised figures for first half of 1942—1st quarter, 138,700; 2d quarter166,60<0; annual estimates for 1920-39 are available on request.

fRevised series. Data have been revised for 1940-43; revisions prior to March 1943 are available on request.

634686—45-Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


Unless otherwise s ta ted , stat ist ics through 1941and descriptive notes may be found in t h e1942 Supplement to the Survey

1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

CONSTRUCTION AND REAL ESTATE—Continued

CONSTRUCTION COST INDEXES—Continued

E. H. Boeckh and Associates, Inc.—Con.Commercial and factory buildings:

Brick and concrete:Atlanta U. S. average 1926-29=100..New York - - - doSan Francisco do _pt Loir's - - - do

Brick and steel:Atlanta - doNew York - doSan Francisco do. _St Louis - - do

Residences:Brick:

Atlanta doNew York do

St Louis do .-Frame:

Atlanta - doNew York . doSan Francisco. . doSt Louis do __

Engineering News Record (all types) 1913=100..Federal Home Loan Bank Administration:

Standard 6-room frame house:Combined index 1935-39=100

Materials - - doLabor _ _ _ _ _ do____

REAL ESTATE

Fed. Hons. Admn., home mortgage insurance:Gross mortgages accepted for insurance.thous. of dol_.Premium-paying mortgages (cumulative) mil. of dol_.

Estimated total nonfarm mortgages recorded ($20,000and under)* thous. of del

Estimated new mortgage loans by all savings and loanassociations total thous of dol

Classified according to purpose:Mortgage loans on homes:

Construction doHome purchase - __ - doRefinancing doRepairs and reconditioning _ _ do

Loans for all other purposes doLoans outstanding of agences under the Federal Home

Loan Bank Administration:Federal Savings and Loan Assns., estimpted mort-

gages outstanding^ mil. of dolFed. Home Loan Banks, outstanding advances to

member institutions . - . mil. ofdoLHome Owners' Loan Corporation, balance of loans

outstanding _ mil. of dol.Foreclosures, nonfarm :f

Index, adjusted 1935-39=100.Fire losses tbous. of dol

121.7156. 7145.9145.9

122.5154.1147 A143.8

130.9158.7145.5148.6

133.2160.3143.6148.6304.5

134.7131.9140.1

35,0016,128

338, 697

106,009

3,08178,14012,5241,864

10, 270

79

1,049

41,457

115.4147.7140.5135.8

116.7144.8138.9134.5

120.5149.0136. 6135.6

121.3150.3134.1135.4295.3

131.4128.8136.5

51,3045,440

309,644

98,164

11,19566,13811,9551, 9606,916

114

1,300

13.738,280

115.7147.8140.4136.0

117.2145.1139.0134.6

122.3150.11?6.6137.7

123.6151.6134.2137.7297.7

131.7129.1136.8

52,334

5,494

368,240

116,130

9,12781,84614,4222, 2668,469

1,927

99

1,279

12.739, 084

116.8154.4143.1136.7

118.2151.0142.4136.8

122.5152.6137.5137.7

123.8153.1134.7137.7298.0

132.2129.7137.0

60,7476,544

369,268

122,643

13,48485, 56813,4912,6797,421

83

1,260

10.034,746

116.8154.4143.1136.7

118.2151.0142.4136.8

122.5152.6137.5137.7

123.8153.1134.7137.7298.7

132.7130.3137.3

57,9265,601

405,095

132,523

7,33898,87214,4152,9678,931

72

1,240

10.932,815

118.4154.8143.8136.9

119.1151.6143.4137.1

124.1154. 2140.0138.6

125.4155.1137.8138.9299.9

133.0130.8137.5

65, 3335,653

421, 631

140,709

9,663103, 27614,9632,9579,850

1,973

128

1,220

11.430, 555

118.4154.8143.8136.9

119.1151.6143.4137.1

124.1154.2140.0138.6

125.4155.1137.8138.9300.4

133.1131.0137.3

41,4295,713

411,136

125, 036

7,07893, 23213, 8712,8418,014

136

1,199

10.332, 706

118.6155.0144.0137.9

119.6152.0143.8137.8

126.2155.7141.4140.9

128.1157.3139.6141.8300. 5

133.3131.3137.3

42,4575,782

430,776

138,674

7,589105,05014,1523,0678,816

114

1,177

9.830,618

119.3155.2145.0138.1

119.8152.4146.1139.4

126.5156.5143.4141.8

128.3157.9141.2142.3301.1

133.7131.2138.5

33,8655,845

416,185

134,455

5,923101,88414,4953,1608,993

2 025

95

1,155

11.231,448

119.3155.2145.0138.1

119.8152.4146.1139.4

126.5156.5143.4141.8

128.3157.9141.2142.3301.1

133.9131.3139.1

37,9825,910

422, 839

135, 228

6,095101,46115,2532,6999,720

81

1,133

10.232,173

121.4156.3145.0139.6

122.1153.6147.1141.1

129.9158.6145.3144.7

131.6160.3143.4145.0302.0

134.4131. 5

* 139.9

29,6615,970

393,639

118,374

4,63590,18213,2652,5077,785

100

1,111

11.433,847

121.5155.9145.7144.9

122.1153.3147.2143.2

129.4157. 9145.3146.7

131.2159.5143.4146. 2302.5

r 134.4'131.6r 140. 1

26, 9606,025

360, 227

111, 138

5,24481, £0813, 5552,1278,704

2,058

131

1,091

10.948, 694

121.5155.9145.7144.9

122.1153.3147.2143.2

129.4157.9145.3146.7

131.2159. 5143.4146.2303.7

134.5131.7140.1

29, 9986,082

354, 578

102, 301

r 3, 772' 76, 495* 12,167

1,8687,999

106

1,066

44,S6t

DOMESTIC TRADE

ADVERTISING

Advertising indexes, adjusted:tPrinters' Ink, combined index.. .* .1935-39=100..

Farm papers doMagazines doNewspapers- . .doOutdoor ^ doRadio do __

Tide, combined index*.. „__ 1935-39=100..Radio advertising:

Cost of facilities, total _thous. of dol._Automobiles and accessories.._ doClothing .doElectrical household equipment. . . . doFinancial . . . . d oFoods, food beverages, confections .doGasoline and oil doHousefurnishings, etc doSoap, cleansers, etc ;doSmoking materials doToilet goods, medical supplies doAll other . do

Magazine advertising:Cost, total do

Automobiles and accessories doClothing __ doElectric household equipment do

140.4161.1102.9193.3288. 6151. 5

15, 226709141221182

4,2f4584155

1,0181, 3684,5712,023

22,9561,9581,701628

128.2131.8138.0104.8147.1270.7144.8

14, 70475717781158

4,07263493934

1,6624,0812,054

21,0791,4161, 256542

125.1133.6130.4104.3144.5252. 5135.5

15,99378217981172

4,502675108

1,0081,8174,3792,291

22,8511,4171,963636

122.3133.4130.098.7122.7288.6135.1

15,652811167110178

4,375663136920

1,6284,2082,456

24,8941,7211,962705

124.7137.3141.8100.4113.2285. 3142.6

16,13881915988153

4,652640115

1,0171, C574,5732,265

24,2801,8441,724713

131.7153.4160.8105.1107.5299.9149.4

15,12879611589162

4,409588122944

1, 5554,2122,136

21,7031,7731,192609

137.1166.3183.4105.9112.8326.8161.2

15,340893119111180

4,158612164935

1,5804,2932,296

20,0271,831609531

143.5169.2184.7112.3114.0339.5176.4

15,54378413689167

4,194628158

1,1331,6234,5632,067

19,9211,6941,382627

135.6165.8160.3105.1154.5329.2166.2

15,71271615197189

4,272589161

1,0911,5514,4192,476

25,1271,8592,445

128.9162.1158.2103.1123.7275.8149.4

17, 470821150106192

4,671643155

1,1511,5174,7463,317

27, 2472,0382,351871

133.6159.4152.1107.9155.5280.6150.3

16, 62677916191169

4,575604155

1,1091,5114,5372,936

24,9521,9061,932832

127.0154.2168.498.0

167.2270.0145.3

16,947772156114213

4,679715178

1,0831,5694,9522,516

23,1741,5731,530

801f Revised. J Minor revisions in the data for 1939-41; revisions not shown in the August 1942 Survey are available on request; data are now collected quarterly.*New series. The series on nonfarm mortgages recorded is compiled by the Federal Home Loan Bank Administration; regarding the basis of the estimates and data for January

1939 to September 1942, see note marked "*" on p. S-5 of the November 1942 Survey. The new index of advertising is compiled by J. K. Lasser & Co. for "Tide" magazine; the indexincludes magazine and newspaper advertising, radio (network only prior to July 1941 and network and national spot advertising beginning with that month), farm papers, and outdooradvertising, for which separate indexes are computed by the compiling agency; the newspaper index is based on linage and other component series on advertising costs; data beginning1936 are available on request.

fRe vised series. The index of nonfarm foreclosures has been revised for 1940 and 1941; revisions are shown on p. S-6 of the May 1943 Survey. Indexes of advertising from Printers'Ink have been published on a revised basis beginning in the April 1944 Survey; revised data beginning 1914 will be published later.




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

DOMESTIC TRADE—Continued

ADVERTI SING—Continued

Magazine advertising—Continued.Cost—Continued.

Financial thous. of doL.Foods, food beverages, confections. _ doGasoline and oil— doHousefurnishings, etc - -- doSoap, cleansers, etc.— . . . doOffice furnishings and supplies doSmoking materials _ doToilet goods, medical supplies .doAll other. . _ do

Linage, total ___thous. of lines..Newspaper advertising:

Linage, total (62 cities) doC l a s s i f i e d - . . , _ _ d oDisplay, total _ do

Automotive _ doFinancial doGeneral doRetail do

GOODS IN WAREHOUSES

Space occupied in public-merchandise warehouses §percent of total..

POSTAL BUSINESS

Air mail, pound-mile performance millionsMoney orders:

Domestic, issued (50 cities):Number _ thousandsValue „_ thous ofdol

Domestic, paid (50 cities):Number , thousands..Value thous of dol

CONSUMER EXPENDITURES

Estimated expenditures for goods and services:*Total -mil. ofdol-

Goods doServices (including gifts) do

Indexes:Unadjusted, total 1935 39—100

Goods doServices (including gifts) do

Adjusted, total doGoods doServices (including gifts) do

RETAIL TRADE

All retail stores:!Estimated sales, total mil. of dol..

Durable goods stores doAutomotive group do

Motor vehicles doParts and accessories _. do

Building materials and hardware do..- .Building materials doFarm implements . doHardware do

Homefumishings group doFurniture and housefurnishings doHousehold appliance and radio do

Jewelry stores __ doNondurable goods stores . do

Apparel group doMen's clothing and furnishings. doWomen's apparel and accessories doFamily and other apparel doShoes... _ _ do

Drug stores -- doEating and drinking places doFood group - - - do

Grocery and combination _ doOther food do

Filling stations __ doGeneral merchandise group _ do

Department, including mailorder doGeneral, including general merchandise with

food.. mil. of doL.Other general merchandise and dry goods

mil. of dol. .Variety - - - - - do

Other retail stores doFeed and farm supply doFuel and ice --- - do -Liquors doOther .do.—

4363,452

345656676393688

4,2797,7443,916

95, 80422, 73573,0701,6071,366

17,41152,687

86.6

6,001128,977

13.566189, 330

5,16869020814563

2441502568

17814137-60

4,478484100244

6773

216746

1,4681,093

375190763486

96

80101611162140118192

4193,420

329547675320774

3. 8557,5273,354

99, 93723, 77576,162

1, 6561,320

18.97354, 212

86.2

6,587

6,102112,171

14,536185,538

4,75362818212855

2221352562

1621253861

4,125406

86204

5759

202670

1,3681,047

321187690423

96

7398

602187133105176

4523,597

408805687357836

3,9307,7633,537

117,75126, 37791,374

2,0401,638

21, 76965, 927

86.7

7,339

8.088182, 796

19, 792329,082

22, 44014, 7787,662

152. 7157.9143.6162.7174.5142.0

5,58177422216062

2721603677

1911504289

4,807574117297

7783

225743

1,4931,138

355207859552

108

87112707222150123212

4813,581

5451,061

804426969

4,2198,4173,709

116.47127,16889,303

3,0261,587

21,71362,978

86.1

7,009

5,938110, 676

15,596238,989

5,48711123417263

2961713986

1951563952

4,710567128256

79104217749

1,4941,138

356201834507

112

94121648217122107203

4763,619

5931,154

697440959

4,0867,9733,456

117, 77627, 85489, 922

3,5271,327

22,16462,904

86.6

8,078

6,639111, 672

13,715171,884

5,856914286214

723331934199

2261844170

4,941560128256

7996

233774

1,5791,197

382231884543

120

102119681226118109227

4173,153

498985722313830

3,8637,3482,993

112,63125, 92986, 702

3, 2561,497

21.06260,887

87.4

8,379

5,481112,130

13,318175,852

24,04516, 3277,718

163.6174.4144. 6162. 5172.7144.5

5,71089227319578

340205

4294

2091684270

4,817508130216

7290

230769

1,6121,229

382235819494

116

96114644196117112219

3653,088

528485558254794

3, 6587,3263,277

97.13024,13972, 9912,9231.758

18, 23450, 076

87.5

8,672

5,297110, 964

11,915161, 568

5, 51384825817880

340217

3786

1891494061

4,665421

931886179

235778

1.6611,267

394232735416

118

90111604181101116206

2812,822

493585551301667

3,5846,9353,541

105.89225, 88380,009

2,7861.222

17,88158,120

87.9

5,532126, 553

12.964179, 272

5,71783824717077

3141923388

2081654370

4,878487102240

7075

237818

1,6411,248

393227833508

116

94115635176116123220

4753,324

4881,145

598526901

4. 1198,5533,992

112, 59226, 00986, nS3

2, 2831,278

19. 87063,151

86.4

5.383120,021

13,195185,190

24.49916, 7417,758

166.7178.8145.4168. 2180.6146.5

5,98183022915673

3121923188

2141714375

5,1506051352918594

241812

1,6871,284

403224940593

121

105122642181107125229

4973,855

4231,417

750379

1, 0504.7448,8734,088

129,17727, 390

101, 7873,2431,588

25, 59971,357

86.4

5,783129, 732

13,639194, 334

6,13589824416777

336211

3392

2361884882

5, 2376371543029190

246840

1,6041,209

394225

1,011651

120

110130675188116128243

4413,691

3851,059

641456

1,0014,5888,0193,772

128,24325,317

102,9263,2191,560

25,16372,984

87.3

5,879129,781

14,281200,810

6,214876228151

77307187

2990

24019249

1015,338

68017330810099

239805

1,5821,193

389220

1,116744

121

117135695195117131253

3793,293

2791,051

487436973

3,9778, 3953,212

121, 75124,05897, 6931,9491,534

20, 63173, 578

••87.2

6,639144, 872

14,120197, 557

v 26,646v 18, 839

v 7,807

P ! 8 1 3v 201. 2v 146. 3P 170. 4v 183. 8v 146.8

7,4451,004

223142

8128615826

103282226

56213

6,441946267406146126328844

1,7991,356

443223

1.464929

143

168224836174144179339

4222,865

183599444326771

2,9337,1373,572

97,92724,09073,8371,8682,004

17,12452,841

86.3

7,166153,951

15,141208, 793

' 5,462r 742r229

163' 6 62681692574

' 1 8 21443962

r 4, 720r 509

110' 2 4 9

' 7 179

228' 8 0 2

' 1, 5391,162

378207

'773-•488

101

84100

' 6 6 1170170122

'199

v Preliminary. f Revised. § See note marked " § " on p. S-6 of the April 1943 Survey in regard to enlargement of the reporting sample in August 1942.*New series. The series on consumer expenditures, originally published on a monthly basis in the October 1942 Survey (pp. 8-14), are now compiled quarterly only (data are

quarterly totals) and have been adjusted to accord with the annual totals shown as a component of the gross national product series (see p. 5 of the February 1945 Survey for 1941-44dollar totals and p. 13, table 10, of the April 1944 issue for 1939-40 totals); the quarterly data are shown on the revised basis beginning in the February 1945 issue; quarterly data begin-ning 1939 are available on request.

fRevised seri.and indexes—all iand feed and farn ,,..., , ._, o , —. t, „ x. x .... ^ ^ .indexes only—automotive group, 1942-43; apparel group, November and December 1942: jewelry stores, November and December 1942 and November 1943. Revised 1941-43 datafor drug stores are shown on p. 16 of the November 1944 Survey. The unpublished revisions listed and January-May 1043 revisions for other series, also unpublished, are availableon request. Revised figures for 1929, 1933, and 1935-42, except as indicated above, are available on pp. 7 and 11-14 of the November 1943 Survey.Digitized for FRASER




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary


RETAIL TRADE—Continued

All retail stores—Continued.Indexes of sales:!

Unadjusted, combined index _1935-39=100.Durable poods stores do. . ,Nondurable poods stores do. . .

Adjusted, combined index _ doIndex eliminating price changes do.

Durable goods stores _ do.Automotive _ do.Puilding materials and hardware do.Bomefurnishings _ do.Jewelry do.

Nondurable goods stores doApparel doDrug doEating and drinking places _ doFood doFilling stations doGeneral merchandise. _ doOther retail stores -do

Estimated inventories, total* mil. of dol_.Durable goods stores* .doNondurable goods stores*. . . do

Chain stores and mail-order houses:Sales, estimated, total* do

Automotive parts and accessories* doBuilding materials*.. _ .doFurniture and housefurnishings* doApparel group* _ do

Men's wear* doWomen's wear* doShoes* do

Drug* doEating and drinking* doGrocery and combination* doGeneral merchandise group* do

Department, dry goods, and general merchan-dise* . mil. of dol_.

Mail-order (catalog sales)* doVariety* do

Indexes of sales:Unadjusted, combined index* 1935-39=100..Adjusted, combined index* do

Automotive parts and accessories* •_ doBuilding materials* doFurniture and housefurnisbings* doApparel group* do

Men's wear* doWomen's wear* doShoes* _ . do . . . .

Drug* _, doEating and drinking* doGrocery and combination* doGeneral merchandise group* . . . do

Department, dry goods, and general merchan-dise* 1935-39=100..

Mail-order* doVariety* _ d o . . .

Department stores:Accounts receivable:

Instalment accounts! 1941 average=100_Open accounts! _ d o . . .

Ratio of collections to accounts receivable:Instalment accounts! percent.Open accounts! d o . . .

Sales, unadjusted, total U. S.f ...1935-39=100.At Ian taf doBoston! d o . . .Chicagot . . . doCleveland! doDallas! d o . . .Kansas Cityt doMinneapolisf doNew Vorkf doPhiladelphia! d o . . .Richmond! do.St. Louis! _ d o . . .San Francisco d o . . .

Sales, adjusted, total U. S.t d o . . .Atlanta! doBoston! d o . . .Chicago! doCleveland! _ d o . . .Dallas!. _ d o . . .Kansas City! d o . . .Minneapolis! doNew York! - d o . . .Philadelphia! L d o . . .Richmond! doSt. Louis! d o . . .San Francisco d o . . .

1415087

161.6184.1146.2179.2134.1273.0If 5. 4382.6204. 8179.618P.177.0187.3

2°5.117^.6165.2

4084

3061

171235130162163239

v If 4144137

*149lfl1872121227416'2C0204284

. *2462C8166

*189251236256

153.681.6

177.0172.8129.798.148.2

144.7143.4327.8197.1220. 6181.2305. 5ISO. 6110.0105.7224.56,2331,7744,459

1,0481831101211666285139350257

1244284

146.2105.5121.6155.6115.0227.3160.7323.1168. 1177.1178.3167.8163.5

175.5140.2155.2

4172

'3061142194115131133200160122115

'1231591531175225148162166241203176138

' l f>6209194209

168.093.4192.3177.6133.1105. 053.3141.9146.8460. 7201.3226. 6192.5301.4194.7106.3172.1233. 96,3811,8204,561

1,246193612

1792896405742381322

1595997

162. 2170.4117.7152.8119.3229. 1204.9316.8152.6191.2176. 4169.8172.8

183.8158.4162.0

4079

3665170219144l.r916722718214013916220318519718522516217318324/193159158173212195218

171.9100 0195. 3169. 9126. 2100. 556.2144.3144.9264.0192.5204.7188.0301.5190.898.6161.5216.56,3431,8744,469

1,252214113

1852791525341

386328

17441105

167.4163. 4119.5159.4120.0212.6171.2296.6151. 1182.1175.2169.3160.2

170.8124.0161.7

3879

3163172228161166172228182159137159193183192172222is:1T166232181157140162199173201

179.4113.6200. 9175. 5129.6106.363.8145.6148. 5285. 7198.0211.8192.82rJ6. 2169.9103.3168. 4218.36.3611,9104,451

1,296244514

1782690485543397340

18742103

172.41T9.9127.4150 6iro. 3217.2190.9301.4145.8182 7•184.2178.7168.7

188. 6116.1165.5

3682

3364178228162170122819416014216121019720;l«233164167181228192158150168211197216

177.7111.6199.3175.0129.0106.059.7151.2153.8275. 1197. 5201.0195.3259.12C3.2104.8163. 5218.76,3141,8694,445

1,2662749131652580465442400320

1753999

169.7168.1126.7166.6133.0199.9169.0272.2144. 1184.7189.2182.1161.7

179.1114.3159.1

3478

31631631991441C0157203177151132143183170193175237151163166245192151142159203189210

169. 5108.5189.4178.7130.8109.657.7163. 5156.0310.2201.2216.8192.9294.6203.3101.2173.4225.36,1661,8494,317

1,2142752121341670386542405297

16231

159.9172.2140.5190.7132.4213.5162.6283.817071F6. 7188.6182.6165.2

184.3126-3155.6

3267

3061142197110139140194168130100117151154185192263160187191266212165149170214208223

172.7101.1196. 1178. 5130.1102.554.3144.5151.4321. 1203.3233.2193. 5291.7204.798.1176.6223.56, 5211,9064,615

1,2392646131431680355543387332

17450

162.2175.8127.3149.4114.1235. 5187.1329.4165. 1186.5187.5183. 4178.5

194.0158.5164.0

3270

346415721811815115922019115411012317617820218'245154180182250204173151158213207221

185. 3106.9210.8177.4129.3103.553.3138.7164.5347.3201.5212.9199.3304.8204.5100.7172.6218.86, 6021.9094,693

1,338264814180269445£643404370

19760105

176.4172.7141.8146.3127.4223.6196 2326.4132.8187.61F2.7179.6173.1

182.7163.3161.8

3381

356419625'170185191265220184158173231212226183247156168180241200162149170214192217

189.7111.6215.1183.6133.9107.456.5143.2171.0345. 4208.4218.7207.3320.2208.1105.4178.6230.76, 7791,9144,805

1,3922754171863296425844399404

21568113

187.1178.0153.4159. 7134.0226.82(0. 4324.0141.71P0. 1177.9186. 5177.3

192.2135. 6175.7

3590

3965

209273184197204272226179173190248221238194260165192190252215158152168224215228

197.3113.1224.7191.5139. 5107. 653.7

147.0175.6345. 3218.9245.8209.5336.1212.1108.51C0. 2246.06,6651,8694.796

1,404304818

1933298465742

383429

22876

116

192.8182.6173 6163.9139.7242.2200.03"0. 7177.0190.4180.9179.4188.1

210.6157.2169.6

40102

3967

248315207231244314263218207231294268299210269177201203264244189164183251235253

227.1128.5259.3187.9136.4105.048.9

148.8176.3327.0214.9240.5218.0328.1215.4112.3176.3234.25,8691,6274,242

1,726313921

'260' 4 3131

647846

444560

2f660

1£4

225.7177. 3156.1178.1141. 022P.71<7.1300.1

177.7If 5. 4174.0183.6168.9

191.0123. 3157.8

46128

3661

3204183C02 r5303421339269270305369333373If32£8174180If 0263208175155171208207233

» Preliminary. ' Revised. § Minor revisions in the figures prior to November 1941 are available on request.* New series. Data for 1929, 1933, and 1935-42 for the new chain store series are available on pp. 15 to 17, table? 2. 3, and 4. o<" the February 1P44 Survey except for subsequent

revisions 8? follow?: The totals and furniture and bouse furnishirgs (dollar figures and indexes') have been revised back to January 1940 and the indexes for all series in the generalmerchandise group, except mail-order, back to January 1942: indexes for the apparel group and women'*: wear Tor Novemler and December WA2; the latter revisions and revisionsbeginning December 1943 fnr other series are in the February 1945 Survey; earlier revisions for the series listed and January-March 1943 revisions for other series, which have not beenpublished, are also available on request. Data beginning 1939 for the newr estimates of retail inventories will be published later.

!Revised series. See note marked '*!" on p. S-7 regarding revision of the indexes of retail âies and the source of earlier data. The indexes of department store sales for the UnitedStates and the indicated districts have been revised for all years: the revision? reflect primarily enlargement of the samples, adjustment of indexes to 1929 and 1939 census data, wherenecessary, and a recalculation of seasonal factors; in addition, all series have been computed on a 1935-39 base. The Boston index is a new series from the Board of Governors of theFederal Reserve System. Revised data beginning 1919 or 1923 for three series are published as follows* United States, Decerrher 1944 Survey, p. 17; Dallas, February 1944, p. 20;Richmond, June 1944, p. 22. Complete data for other districts will be published later; indexes for Atlanta have been shown on the revised basis beginning in the February 1944 Sur-vey and for other districts beginning in the June 1944 issue (further revisions in July 1943 index for New York—unadjusted, 92; adjusted, 137).Digitized for FRASER




1945

Febru-ary

1944


tember October Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary


RETAIL TRADE—Continued

Department stores—Continued.Sales by type of ciedit.*

Cashsa es percent of total sales-Charge account sales doInstalment sales do

Stocks, total U. S., end of month:fUnadjusted 1935-39 -100..Adjusted do

Other stores, ratio of collections to accounts receivable,instalment accounts:*

Furniture stores percent..Household appliance stores doJewelry stores do

Mail-order and store pales:Total sales, 2 companies thous. of dol_.

Montgomery Ward & Co doFears, Roebuck & Co.. do

Eural sales of general merchandise:Total U. S., unadjusted ._ 1929-31 = 100.

East _ _ __.do_._.South doMiddle West— do_._Far West do.._

Total U. S., adjusted. _ do.._East _ do.._Fouth _do...Middle West do . . .Far West—. do__.

WHOLESALE TRADE

Service and limited function wholesalers:*Estimated sales, total. . mil. of dol_

Durable goods establ'srments doNondurable goods establishments do

All wholesalers, estimated inventories* do. . .

6333

4

141148

213131

114,46344, It269, £01

K9. 62C0. 6£6111(8.11£9. 1246. 7

£23. 5211.4269.1

3,24776

2, 4£13, £27

147154

202231

97,66237,51660,145

158.0143.1250. 9132.9Hi0.fi195.3174.9281.7167.2217.0

3,251776

2, 4754,089

62344

151148

232634

132,00753, 38378, 624

197.1200.0261.5177.61P3.8224.5222.7289.6200.5235.5

3, 625866

2,7594,097

62344

150145

232628

123,67548,24775,428

172.7164.0228.0151.2188.4187 9172.0258.8161.9211.0

3,314840

2,4744,121

62344

151147

252630

131,97150,J6081,810

161.4151.8205.4143.0181.1175.8165.0242.2151.0201.4

3,467870

2,5974,146

63343

150157

242830

123,66947, 10576, 864

155.4141.5198. 4138.2194.4170.6154. 1246. 8146.4204.0

3, 486882

2, 6044,088

65314

148165

232931

111,68743. 88867,799

133.9109.7171.2120.4173. 6183. 5154. 1252.2163.1211.7

3,282813

2,4694,043

64324

163170

243231

131,23452, 20879,026

180.3169.9224.4162. 5210.0220. 4213.1311.2197.0228.1

3,490893

2, 5<)73, 987

63334

167161

243332

153,34963,68689,662

222.7210. 3324. 5186. 2250.8210.7213.9294.0181.6214.4

r 3, 432854

r 2, 5783,995

63334

172154

2636

'34

172, 49970, 475102, 024

246.124(5. 6345.0212.4258. 3189.5191.6232.8167. 2215.1

r 3, 617878

r 2, 7393,999

62344

166144

243734

184, 43474, 749109, 684

285.0286.1214. 9245.0324.3219.0221.9287.6186.9267.4

' 3, 554861

' 2, 6£33, £87

64324

127136

23'39'49

196, 29176, 468119,823

245.5213.7327.1217.8296. 7153.5128.3217.8139.6181.8

' 3,479802

' 2, 6774,002

6333

'148

213432

120,12745, 63374, 494

183.2174.4258. 9158.1203. 4240.8229.5327.3206.7276.8

r 3, 442807

r 2, 6353,978

EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS AND WAGES

EMPLOYMENT

Estimated civilian labor force (Bureau of the Census):*Labor force, total thous_.

Male doFemale - do

Employment _ doMale doFemale doAgricultural _ doNonagrieultural do

Unemployment - doEmployees in nonagrieultural establishments:!

Unadjusted (U. S. Department of Labor):Total. trous_.

Manufacturing. _ _ doMining doConstruction doTransportation and public utilities doTrade. . doFinancial, service, and miscellaneous doGovernment . _ do

Adjusted (Federal Reserve):Total do

Manufacturing doMining. _ doConstruction _ doTransportation and public utilities doTrade do

Estimated W8ge earners in manufacturing industries,total (U. S. Depanment of Labor) •__ thous_.

Durable goods . . . . . . . doIron and steel and their products do

Blast furna ces, steel works, and rolling millsthnus_.

Electrical machinery doMachinery, except electrical do

Machinery and machine-shop products doMachine tools do

Automobiles - do. . .Transportation equipment, except automobiles

thous..Aircraft and parts (except engines)! doShipbuilding and boatbuilding§ do

Nonferrous metals and products— do

51, 43033, 66017, 77050, 5£033,17017, S80

6, 7S043, 760

38, CCO15, 537

862559

3,7647, 6444,3565,938

38,4£915,615

£66614

3,8417,225

13, CP57,7851,669

6971,167

683

2,050

404

51,15034,52016,63050,26034.01016, 2506, 650

43,610890

38, 84016, 735

858715

3,7046,8674,1315,830

39, 35216,819

862786

3,7807,043

14, 2548, 6881,730

496769

1,27249386753

2,533708

1,237453

51,36034,48016,88050.49034,01016,4806,910

43, 580870

' 38, 748• 16, ,r82

852678

3,7236,9194, 1235,871

39,12316,642

852737

3,7807,046

14, 0568, 5701,704

491767

1,25148483739

2,486

1,213444

52, 06034,88017, 18051,29034.44016, 8507, 500

43, 790770

38. 68916, 3f)9

844683

3,7446,9^84,2365,905

38,86516, 391

848719

3, 7636,982

13,8148,4211,680

486755

1,22747680724

52. 84034.91017,93051.96034, 49017,4708, GOO

43, 360880

38,67216,122

839686

3, 7686, 9624,3635,932

38, 74916,203

843673

3, 7f>86,997

13, 6528,3151,669

482747

1,21147079710

2,442 2,401

1,193 1,179432 I 426 I

54, 22035, 54018,68053, 22035,04018, 1809, 560

43, 6601.C00

38, 84616,093

844691

3, 8036,9774,5-125,896

38, 76616, 093

848677

3, 7657,012

13,6108, 2461,672

482745

1,210468

79703

2,334

1,152423

55,00035, 89019. 11054, 00035,41018. 5909, 670

44,3301,000

38,73116,013

833686

3, 8096,9424, 6185,830

38, 70016,013

833653

3,7537,084

13, 5448,1441,669

481736

1,194462

77691

2,275

1,117416

54,01035, 57018, 44053, 17035,14018.0308,570

44, 600840

88, 74416,023

834700

3,8186,9184,5825,809

38, 65415,943

830648

3, 7627,059

13, 5628,1051,675

482732

1,183461

76697

2,236

1,092415

53. 03034. 59018,44052. 25034,19018, 0608,670

43, 580780

38, 57115,843

826671

3,7916, 9944,4885,958

38, 40015, 764

822627

3,7357,065

13, 4067, 9681,659

477726

1,169454

76' 6 9 1

2,179

1,074405

52, 87034, 41018, 46052. 24034, 10018, 1408, 750

43, 490630

' 38, 360* 15, 692

816652

3,767r 7,148

4,3405,945

38.15915,614

812609

3,7487,077

13, 2507,8541,646

474716

1,158450

75673

2,139

1,054398

52,21034,06018,15051, 53033,71017,8208.140

43, 3S0680

r 38, 347T15, 607

812629

3,7717,2994,3155,914

r 38,044r 15, 529

808611

3,771' 7, 052

r 13, 161r 7, 789

1,637

474707

1,149446

74r 669

2,108

r 1,046395

51, 25033, 72017, 53050, 57033, 32017, 250

7,09043, 480

680

r 38, 888r 15, 630

806r 594

3,7717,6114,3046,172

r 38,163r 15, 552

802••619

r 3, 790r 7, 015

r 13, 190r 7, 804

1,651

475702

1,159450r 74

'677

2,096

1,035397

50, 96033, 65017, 31050,12033,16016, 9606,690

43, 430840

• 37, 997• 15, 557

'804r 563

r 3, 735r 7, 088' 4, 356r 5, 894

' 38, 579-15, 635

' 8 0 8r612

r 3, 792' 7, 270

r 13,112r 7, 796r 1,657

475••698

' 1,163452

74' 6 8 2

»• 2, 082

1,021'398

f Revised . *> P re l imina ry . % Da t a temporar i ly d iscont inued pend ing revision of series. § D a t a revised beginning J a n u a r y 1941; see p . 19 of December 1944 Survey .• N e w series. T h e now series on depa r tmen t store sales by type of credit have been subs t i tu ted for the series relating to ins ta lment sales of New England stores shown in the Purvey

through the Ju ly 1944 issue; da ta beginning J a n u a r y 1941 will be published later. Collection ratios for furniture, jewelry, and household appl iance stores represent ratio of collectionsto accounts receivable at beginning of rnor.th; data beginning Februa ry 1941 are on p . S-8 of the April 1942 Survey; da ta back to J a n u a r y 1940 are available on request; the a m o u n tof ins ta lment accounts ou t s t and ing are shown on p S-16 under consumer credit . D a t a beginning 1939 for es t imates of wholesale sales will be. publ ished later; for est imates of whole-salers ' inventories for 1938-42. see p . 7 of the June 1942 Survey and p. S-2 of the M a y 1943 i^sue. Es t imates of civilian labor force, employment , and unemployment are shown on arevised basis beginning in the M a y 1944 Survey; revisions for 1940-1943 are shown on p . 23 of the Feb rua ry 1945 issue. See note m a r k e d " * " on p . S-10 regarding the new series on wageearners in manufac tur ing industr ies .

tRevised series. T h e index of d e p a r t m e n t store stocks published on a 1923-25 base through the M a y 1944 Survey has been recomputed on a 1935-39 base. T h e est imates ofemployees in nonagricul tural es tabl i shments have been revised beginning 1939, by m o n t h - , to adjust figures to levels indicated by final Unemploymen t Compensat ion da ta throughthe last qua r t e r of 1942 and to other da t a collected b y government agencies; annua l da t a for 1929-38 have been revised to a comparable basis; m o n t h l y averages for 1939-43 a n d 1943m o n t h l y figures for t he unad jus ted series are available on p . 3 of t h e J u n e 1944 Survey; all revisions will be publ i shed later .




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS AND WAGES—Continued

EMPLOYMENT—Continued

Estimated wage earners In mfg. industries—Continued. *Durable goods—Continued.

Lumber and timber basic products .— thous—Sawmills do

Furniture and finished lumber products doFurniture do

Stone, clay, and glass products— doNondurable goods.. do

Textile-mill products and other fiber manufacturesthous—

Cotton manufactures, except small wares.-.doSilk and rayon goods -doWoolen and worsted manufactures (except dyeing

and finishing) thous—Apparel and other finished textile products.-.do

Men's clothing doWomen's clothing _ _do

Leather and leather products doBoots and shoes -do

Food and kindred products doBaking. __.doCanning and preserving doSlaughtering and meat packing. . —do

Tobacco manufactures doPaper and allied products do

Paper and pulp ._ doPrinting, publishing, and allied industries do

Newspapers and periodicals doPrinting, book and job _ do

Chemicals and allied products -doChemicals. .1 do

Products of petroleum and coal _ doPetroleum refining _ .do

Rubber products doRubber tires and inner tubes do

Wage earners, all manufacturing, unadjusted (U. S.Department of Labor)f 1939=100-

Durable goods doIron and steel and their products do

Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills1939=100-

Electrical machinery _ doMachinery, except electrical do

Machinery and machine-shop products doMachine toolsj _ do

Automobiles doTransportation equipment, except automobiles

1939=100-Aircraft and parts (excluding engines) • . . - d oShipbuilding and boatbuilding§ do

Nonferrous metals and products doLumber and timber basic products.- . do

Sawmills doFurniture and finished lumber products do

Furniture — doStone, clay, and glass products . . . do

Nondurable goods __ doTextile-mill products and other fiber manufactures

1939=100..Cotton manufactures, except small wares —doSilk and rayon goods doWoolen and worsted manufactures (except dyeing

and finishing) 1939 = 100-Apparel and other finished textile products.._do

Men's clothing doWomen's clothing _ _do

Leather and leather products doBoots and shoes do

Food and kindred products doBaking . . . doCanning and preserving doSlaughtering and meat packing _._do

Tobacco manufactures - doPaper and allied products do

Paper and pulp ——doPrinting, publishing, and allied industries do

Newspapers and periodicals* doPrinting, book and job* do

Chemicals and allied products . .doChemicals do.

Products of petroleum and coal do.Petroleum refining -do.

Rubber products. -do.Rubber tires and inner tubes do.

Wage earners, all mfg., adjusted (Fed. Res.)t doDurable goods —^—do-Nondurable goods do.

451

"339'

3255,310

1,075

310

82310

329

133

~196~

159.9215. 6168.3

268.8220.8

169.7

1,291. 7

176.3107.3

103.2

110.7115.9

94.0

105.8

89.3

"117.T

88.0116.7

100.2

221.4

~ 1 2 6 . 1

161.9

160. 4216.1116.5

484235358166346

5,556

1,16346194

159909218229317176

1,0132589416887

3201483381101376551211278420494

174.0240.9174.5

127.6296.9240.6243.7234.2187.3

1,596.11, 785. 41, 786. 2

197.6115.281.7109.3104.1117.9121.3

101.7116.378.3

106. 5115.199.584.291.480.7118.6111.869.9139.693.5120.6108.0103. 092.6108.4227 4174.5119.7115.3168. 6173.8174.6241.5121.9

482234354164343

5,486

1,15145593

158906217231318176

1,002257901628331814833611013562412012785202

171.6237.3171.9

126.4295.9236. 7239.2227.1183.7

1,566.5

1, 752. 4193.5114.781.2

107.9103.1116.8119.8

100.6115.077.5

105.8114.799.284.991.780.8

117.3111.567.0

134.089.5

119.9107.3102.492.9

106.7216.6172.5120.1116.2167. 2172.9172.1237.7120.4

475232347159339

5,393

1,12844591

155879214221315175

1,0022551001568331414633211013360112012886197

168.6233.2169.4

125. 0291. 5232.2235.1219.4180.1

1,538. 3

1, 722. 5188.3113.180.4

105.8100.1115.6117.7

'98.b112.576.3

103.9111.397.981.590.980.3

117.2110.574.1

129.689.4

118.3106. 2101.292.9

104.9208.6172.7121.0117.9162.8169.3169.4233.4118.9

474233342156335

5,337

1,11043890

152862213213312174

1,00525410015582

3111453291101315921201308719590

166. 7230.3168.3

124.0288.4229.2232.1216.0176.5

1,512.7

., 703. 2185.7112.980.7

104.397.9

114.2116.5

97.1110.674.8

102.0109.297.378.689.979.7

117.6110.174.3

128.388.3

117.1105.4100. 292.7

103. 6205. 4172.5122.7120.0161.2166. 5167.7230.3118.3

476235345158338

5, 364

1,10443690

151867214217313175

1,038257111158'833111463301101325841201328919389

166.1228.4168.7

124. 0287.7229.0231.3214.4174.6

1,470. 7

1. 664. 2184.5113.381.7

105. 399.0

115.0117.1

96.6110.074.7

101.4109.897.879.790.380.2

121.5111.682.2

130.989.4

117.0106. 2100.793.1

104.6202.7171.8124.2121.8159.2164.8166.7228. 2118.3

480238346157337

5,400

1,08843489

146838208205312174

1,12025817715983

31114633311013558411913491192

165. 3225. 5168. 3

123.8284.0225. 9228.4210. 2171.8

1,433.4

1,612.7181.4114.282.5

105.398.3

114.7117.9

95.1109. 673.9

97.8106.195.275. 590.079.8

131.1112.0131.8131.788.6

117.2106.4101.592.5

106.9202. 5170.9126.6124.3158. 8165.6165.2225.3117.9

484240348157335

5,457

1,083431

145858211215312174

1,16325922015682

3101473311101335891181359119391

165.6224. 5168.9

124.1282.4223.9227.7207.4173.2

1,408.8

, 577.1180.9115.183.4

106.093.8

114.2119.1

94.7108.974.1

'97.0108.796.379.089.979.7

136.1112.0163.4129.788.2

116.8106.8101. 092.9

105. 5204.5170.0127.2125.5159.5168. 5164.1224.1116.8

471234339153329

5,438

1, 076

428

146856208216309172

1,17025624415182

3041453251091305931171339119292

163.6220.7167.3

122.7280.4221.2224.3206.5171.8

1,373.2

1,551.4176.8112.181.1

103.496.3

112.2118.7

94.1108.073.7

97.7108.495.279.688.978.9

137.0110.8181.8125.088.0

114.7105. 799.292.1

103.2205.6168.1126.1124.6159.0170.6162.6220.4117.0

462227337153325

5,396

1,072424

146861208219308171

1,11326218014883

3061443311101336011161329019292

161.7217.5166.0

121.9276.3219.2222.3204.0167.4

1,347.8

1, 522. 5173.6109.878.9

102.895.8

110.9117.8

93.7107.173.6

97.8109.095.380.588.878.5130 3113.3133.9122 789.2115.1104.7100.892.9105.520S. 7166. 6125.0123.6158. 5170.6161.0217.3116.6

459226338153327

5,372

1,081429

147854206218310172

1,07426513414984

3081453331111356071151329019293

' 160. 7' 215.7165.2

122.0272.9217.5220.2202.2

' 166. 3

1,327.8

1,510.2172.1109.278.5

103.195.9

111.4117.3

94.5108.374.4

98.4108.194.180.189.479.0

125. 7114.899.9

123.790.1

116.0105.5101.493.3

106.4210.6165.5125.1124.0159.1171.4

' 160. 3'215.6116.7

452221340153330

5,386

1,092434

148851205217312173

1,054265114155853121473351111366211161339119493

' 161.0'216.1166.5

122.2271.1219.2222.2

' 202. 8r 168. 3

1,320. 7

1,494. 0173.1107.676.6

103.696.3

112.3117.6

95.5109. 575.0

99.4107.893.579.889.879.5

123.3114.884.6

129.090.7

117.4107.1102.393.8

107.2215. 4166.0125.3124.7160.3171.7

' 160. 7'216.1

117.0

' Revised. § Data revised beginning January 1941; for revisions for 1941-43, see p. 19 of the December 1944 Survey.JFor data for December 1941-July 1942 see note marked " j " on p. S-10 of the November 1943 Survey.• For data for December 1941-February 1943, see note at bottom of p. S-35 of the May 1944 Survey; data temporarily discontinued pending revision of series.•New series. Data beginning 1939 for the new series on wage earners in manufacturing industries will be shown in a later issue; data for the individual industries shown in the

Survey beginning with the December 1942 issue, except those for shipbuilding (see note marked "§"), are comparable with figures published currently; the figures for all manufacturing,durable goods, nondurable goods, and the industry groups are shown on a revised basis beginning in the March 1945 issue and are not comparable with data in earlier issues.

fRevised series. The indexes of wage-earner employment and of wage-earner pay rolls (p. S-12) in manufacturing industries have been completely revised; for 1939-41 data for theIndividual industries, except newspapers and periodicals and printing, book and job, and 1939-40 data for all manufacturing, durable goods, nondurable goods, and the industrygroups, see pp. 23-24 of the December 1942 Survey (the 1941 data for shipbuilding published in that issue have been revised; see note marked "§"); for 1941 data for the totals and theindustry groups, see p. 28, table 3, of the March 1943 issue. Data beginning 1942 for the totals and the industry groups have recently been revised to aijust the indexes to levelsindicated by final 1942 and preliminary 1943 data from the Bureau of Employment Security of the Federal Security Agency; data beginning January 1944 were revised in the March1945 Survey; 1942-43 revisions will be published later. The seasonally adjusted employment indexes are shown on a revised basis beginning in the March 1945 Survey; the adjustedindexes are available only for the totals shown.


April 1945 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS S-ll


1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary


EMPLOYMENT-Cont inued

Nonmanufacturing, unadjusted (U. 8. Dept. of Labor):Mining:!

Anthracite 1939 «= 100Bituminous coal do _Metalliferous doQuarrying and nonmetallic do

Crude petroleum and natural gas! -- - do_ .Public utilities:!

Electric light and power — doStreet railways and busses doTelegraph doTelephone _ _ > do_

Services:!Dyeing and cleaning _ do _Power laundries _ _ doYear-round hotels _ do

Trade:Retail, total! do

Food* » __ doGeneral merchandising! do

Wholesale! doWater transportation* __ _ _ _ _ _ _ do

Miscellaneous employment data:Federal and State highways, totalj number. .

Construction (Federal and State) doMaintenance (State) do

Federal civilian employees.-Ûnited States thousands

District of Columbia do. _Railway employees (class I steam railways):

Total thousandsIndexes: Unadjusted! _ 1935-39=100..

Adjusted! _ do

LABOR CONDITIONS

Average weekly hours per worker in manufacturing:Natl Indus Conf Bd. (25 industries) hoursU S. Dept. of Labor, all manufacturing! . do

Durable goods* doIron and steel and their products* do

Blast furnaces, steel works, and rollingmills*. _ _ hours..

Electrical machinery* « doMachinery, except electrical* _ _ do. _

Machinery and machine-shop products*, doMachine tools* _ do

Automobiles* _ do. „Transportation equipment, except automo-

biles* _ . _ _ _ hours.Aircraft and parts (excluding engines)*.-.doShipbuilding and boatbuilding* do

Nonferrcus metals and products* do. _Lumber and timber basic products* doFurniture and finished lumber products*...doStone, clay, and glass products* do

Nondurable goods* doTextile-mill products and other fiber manu-

factures* hoursApparel and other finished textile products*

hours..

Food and kindred products* doTobacco manufactures* _ doPaper and allied products* doPrinting and publishing and allied industries*

hoursChemicals and allied products* _ doProducts of petroleum and coal* _ doRubber products* do

Average weekly hours per worker in nonmanufacturingindustries (U. S. Department of Labor):*

Building construction hoursMining:

Anthracite doBituminous coal » doMetalliferous doQuarrying and nonmetallic do

Crude petroleum and natural gas doPublic utilities:

Electric licht and power ._ do .Street railways and busses _ doTelegraph doTelephone do

Services:Dyeing and cleaning doPower laundries do

Trade:Retail doWholesale do

91.177.9

82.3119.1120 2127.0

112. 8105 5110.6

97.3

Q5 7280 3

2,919256

138 4141.9

84.299.8

LOO. 582.981,2

83.6119.8125.2128.2

114.2110.5109.3

96.0106.6106. 595.7

205.7

122, 54316, 52182, 773

2,828264

1,414135.9139.3

45.745.346.747.1

46.246.849.148.650.446.3

46.947.446,247.042.944.243.343.2

41.8

38.741.245 541.345.6

40.745.746.545.7

37.6

46.545.244.344.045.2

42.850.345.042.1

43.543.7

41.042.6

83.598.798.382.881.6

83.5119.6123.9128.1

117.3110.3109.2

96.9107.8108.695.4

211.7

122,34015,61083,056

2,838264

1,428137.2140.6

45.845.346.746.9

46.046.749.148.751.046.3

47.047.046.646.943.244.543.643.2

41.9

38.941.445 340.945.8

40.845.846.645.6

38.5

41.744.644.545.445.5

43.049.845.041.6

44.043.7

40.242.8

82.697.196.284.182.0

83.1119.2122.3128.1

120.7109. 5109.2

97.7106.9110.995.1

226.1

127,88920, 35384, COS

2,853264

1,440138.4140.6

45.245.046.546.5

45.946.248.848.150.746.4

47.146.747.346.643.243.743.242.5

41.2

37.341.144 839.045.5

40.645.646.344 7

38.7

38.243.044.045.644.9

42. 349.445.941.6

43.743.7

40.042.5

82.796.093.684.582.5

82.8119.1121.9128.2

124.8110.1109.0

96.9107.3108.594.4

233.5

l"36,05024, 80287,446

2,866264

1,453139.6140.2

45.545.346.646.8

46.146.348.748.450.845.5

47.446.848.146.643.344.443.743.2

41.6

38.141.345 842 046.0

40.946 047.045 1

40.4

41 944.044.447.445.5

43.450.646.342.0

44.743.9

39.942.8

83.096.191.185. 883.6

83.1119.1123. 1128.5

126.9112.4109.4

96.6106.3107.795.0

238.9

150,13316,103

109,546

2.9J8270

1,476141.8139.9

45.945.446.846.8

46.446.649.148.751.045.9

47.347.147.447.144.544.643.843.3

42.0

38.241.645 942.346.3

41.345 846.845 2

40.2

40 944.044 647.745.6

43.850.946.542.2

44.343.6

42.443.0

77.994 787.686 484.1

83.2118.8123.9129.7

122.3112.1109.2

95.5106.4104.595.1

249.1

156,86533. 52898,190

2,941271

1,471141.4138.4

45.444.645.746.0

45.945.747.546.850.243.7

46.847.247.146.042.443.642.443.0

41.7

37.341.245 642.445.7

41.24>R. 546.945 0

40.6

35.839.542 946.345.3

42.750.746.542.6

44.444.1

41.742.8

77.995.085.586 784.1

83.2118.9122 8129.6

118.4109.0109.4

94.1104.6102.495 5

255.3

159.94433,828

100,724

2,909265

1,477142.0139.1

45 645.246.646 7

46.346 348.348.150 445.1

47.447.147 846.544 744.844 043 0

41 8

37.741.245 042 346.2

41.145 646.945 6

40.0

40 844 044 747 946.1

43.951.046.842.6

43.943.8

41.943.1

81 593.982.484 383.0

82.6118.6122 2128.2

118.4106.8109.0

96.6106.3109.295 0

258.7

154,83631, 39298, 458

2,881259

1.454139.7136.3

45 644.846.146.6

46.346.247.947.649.943.5

46.946.247.646.343 344.043.443 0

41.8

38.141.544 543.446.2

41.445 646.445 7

40.1

39 942 043 946 845.9

43.750.246.543.0

44.343.9

40.442.9

80 592.380.483 082.7

82.1117.7122 1127.1

119.8108.0109.6

99.7108.8116.796 0

257.2

153, 91330, 22899,742

2,878258

1,438138.2133. 7

45.745.547.147.2

47.146.348.848.751.245.6

48.147.149.147.244.7

'45.044.743.3

42.2

38.241.644 843.346.7

40.945 947.945 9

40.7

42 644.145 048.944.9

43.150.245.842.9

43.843.7

40.443.2

79 991 879.282.282.1

82.1117.7121.7127.1

117.1107.6110.3

103.2109.0127.496.8

267.7

144,36822, 98197, 246

2,876257

1,435137.9136.7

45 645.346.746.8

46 646.348.248.250.545.5

47.8'47.2

48.8'46 9

43.0'44.4

44.143.2

42.3

38.041.2

r 45 2'44.2

46.5

41.345.746.945 7

39.7

38 642.6

'43.746.845.9

43.450.845.342.3

43.543.4

39.443.0

79,291.378.579.682.1

82.0117.7121 7126.7

114.5107.8110.5

111.9110.2152.297 1

274 5

126, 31216, 95985,559

2,860255

1 431137 2139.4

45.845.647.1

'47.4

47.046.748.948.7

'51.845.7

'48.4'47.6

49.347.542.344.544.243.5

42.8

37.7'41.646.045.046.6

'41.445.746.946.6

39.4

41.543.1

'44.844.945.4

'43.351.845.442.7

43.443.5

39.843.3

79.0'91.3'78.2

75.682.1

'82.0' 117. 7

120.2126.1

' 112. 0' 106. 3' 110.2

'98.3107.2114.2r 95 7

'272 6

125,12211, 99489 512

2 889256

1 421136 3141.7

46.145.446.846.9

46.246.648.548.551.645.2

47.947.748.647.242.544.443.443.4

42.3

38.241.945.643.446.3

41.445.646.347.3

38.8

38.945.444.244.645.5

43.451.545.042.4

43.743.9

39.542.8

' Revised. {Total includes State engineering, supervisory, and administrative employees not shown separately.ISee note marked " ? " on p. S-ll of the July 1944 Survey regarding changes in the data beginning June 1943. The United States total beginning November 1943 reflects a further

change in reporting resulting in an upward adjustment of 24,558 in that month. Data cover only paid employees. The December 1943 total includes about 220,000 excess temporaryPost Office substitutes employed only at Christmas; such employees are not included in the December 1944 figures.

•New series. Indexes beginning 1939 for retail food establishments and beginning 1940 for water transportation are shown on p. 31 of the June 1943 Survey. Data beginningMarch 1942 for all series on average hours, except for the telephone and telegraph industries, are available in the May 1943 Survey and data back to 1939 will be published later; databack to 1937 for the telephone industry, shown separately beginning in the December 1944 Survey, will also be published later; data for the telegraph industry are available only fromJune 1943 (for data beginning that month see note on p. S-ll of the January 1945 issue).

!Revised series. For data beginning 1939 for the Department of Labor's revised indexes of employment in nonmanufacturing industries (except for the telephone and telegraphindustries), see p. 31 of the June 1943 Survey. Separate data for the telephone and the telegraph industries have been computed beginning 1937; complete data will be published later.For revision in the Department of Labor's series on average weekly hours in all manufacturing industries, see note marked " ! " on p. S-13 of the July 1944 Survey. The indexes ofrailway employees have been shifted to a 1935-39 base and the method of seasonal adjustment revised; earlier data not shown in the May 1943 Survey will be published later.



Unless otherwise s ta ted, statistics through T941and descriptive notes may he found in the1942 Supplement to the Survey

1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary


LABOR CONDITIONS—Continued

Industrial disputes (strikes and lockouts):Strikes beginning in month:§

Strikes number . .Workers involved thousands. .

Man-days idle during month doU. S. Employment Service placement activities:

Nonagricultural placementst thousands. .Unemployment compensation (Social Security Board):

Continued claims© thousands. .Benefit payments:

Beneficiaries, weekly average doAmount of payments . . . t hous . of dol...

Labor turn-over in manufacturing establishments:Âccession rate monthly rate per 100 employees..Separation rate, total do

Discharges doLay-offs.. . ._ doQuits doMilitary doMiscellaneous _ do

PAY R O L L S

Wage-earner pay rolls all manufacturing, unadjusted(V. S. Depar tment of Labor)t 1939=100..

Durable goods doIron and steel and their products do

Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills1939=100..

Electrical machinery doMachinery, except electrical do

Machinery and machine-shop products doMachine toolst do

Automobiles doTransportation equipment, except automobiles

1939 = 100..Aircraft and parts (excluding engines)*? doShipbuilding and boatbuildingA do

Nonfcrrous metals and products _. doLumber and timber basic products. do

Sawmills.. doFurniture and finished lumber products do

Furniture doStone, clay, and gla^s products do

Nondurable goods. doTextile-mill products and other fiber manufactures

1939 = 100..Cotton manufactures, exc. small wares doSilk and rayon goods doWoolen and worsted manufactures (except dyeing

and finishing) 1939 = 100..Apparel and other finished textile products.-do

Men's clothing . .doWomen's clothing _ .do

Leather and leather products doBoots and shoes do

Food and kindred products doBaking doCanning and preserving doSlaughtering and meat packing do

Tobacco manufactures doPaper and allied products do

Paper and pulp doPrinting, publishing, and allied industries do

Newspapers and periodicals* doPrinting, book and job*. do

Chemicals and allied products. . . doChemicals do

Products o<" petroleum and coal doPetroleum refining do

Rubber products .do"Rubber tires and inner tubes do

Nonmanufacturing, unadjusted (U. S. Dept . of Labor):Mining:t

Anthracite 1939 = 100..Bituminou« coal doMetalliferous, _ doQuarrying and nonmetallic do

Crude petroleum and natural gasf doPublic utilities:!

Electric light and power doStreet railways and busses doTelegraph. doTelephone _ _ do

Services:tDyeing and cleaning doPower laundries doYear-round hotels do

Trade:Retail, totalf do

Food* doGeneral merchandising! do

Wholesale! doWater transportation* do

310109412

910

511

1006,435

r340r 146

H59

745

565104

6,156

5.466.52.64.76

4.56.49.07

344.7487.3321.2

225. 2524.2449.2447-4405.0347.8

1.213.9S, 381.1S, 629. 6

370. 9202. 9146.1191.3184.1191.0205.3

174.1202.2138.8

199.4196. 8163.2148.3] 54. 2137.8188.1161.1133. 0226. 6154.7190. 0176.3134.6113.0147.0389.0296. 1201.4192. 2295. 7295.6

190.2231.0157.0139.7126. 9

112.3166.7172.6152.5

165.3154. 4152. 7

121.4133.0128.3132.7472.6

360115415

778

r592

1127,351

5.767. 33.65.87

5.00.73.08

341.3481.6316.5

222. 2524. 7443.4441.1400. 5342.1

3.171.9

3, 599. 2362. 9204.0146.7191.5183.4191.5204.1

173.7202. 2138.2

199.6200.2167.3152.9155.8139.0185. 7163.0126. 8212.3146. 5190.5176.4135. 1114. 1146. 5372.1294.1203. 9195. 7297. 0299.3

157.8225. 0155. 5144.9125.7

112.5164 9171.5151.6

173.7155.2153.6

122.6134 5131.2133.4490.5

435155580

477

835,471

5.536.78.59.584.90.64.07

335. 0474.8310.9

221.2513. 2434.4429.2383. 6330.5

3,152. 7

3,621.1351.7205.8149.1186.0175.7189. 4198.2

169.8201.3134.7

192.5181.0158.2132. 0154.9138.3185.1159. 9141.2206.3142. 7187.6175.1133.5113.8144.435S.8295. 0206.4199.6281.3280.0

142.3214.2152.5150.0129.5

112.9164.9173.4152.1

179.9155.7154.5

124 3134.4134. 6134.0524.6

mo290

1,400833

514

876,771

<} 397.08.63.m

5.27.60.08

334.3470.9310.9

221.1512.2428.8426.1381.3324.4

3,127. 3

3, 645. 0347.9208.4152.1187.7175.73S9.8200.7

171.0202.4136.1

192.9182.8166.4128.1156.1139.8191.6163.8143.2216.9152. 8188.8177.2134.9116.1144.8358. 7296. 5212.4205. 2283.3283.0

155.8215.5148. 5157. 4127.9

112.9168.5176.1153. 5

194.2161.3155.3

124.2135.2132.4133.4552.6

500155

973

423

785,225

7.1.7.55.4

.5

334. 6469.0313.3

224.5518.9434.1429.1383.8325.3

3, 028.8

3, 497. 7349.0215. 8159. 3190. 8177.9191.9203.2

172.3204.7135. 8

194.8186.4166.5134.8158.6142.8197.6166.8156.7217. 5157.4191.2179.8137.3117.1149.5355. 1296. 5215.5207.5281.4278.5

151.8217.9145. 7162.2131.1

114.8170.4177.9153.2

195.7163.6157.2

127.4139. 6136.6135. 4571.7

470145680

1,093

397

664,348

6.36.6.7.5

5.0

326.8453. 8308.5

224.9505.2414. 7408.6370. 6308.8

2, 930. 9

3, 386. 5336.6206.4151. 5187.1173.9186. 2202.6

168.3206. 6130.7

181. 3175.6154.6125. 6155.8139.8209.2168.0242.8219.6157.0189.4178.6137.9117.1151.9355. 2297.6222.8215.6279. 7280.9

130.6194.4135. 1160. 7136.5

114.6170.3179.3156.8

187.3165. 1157.4

128.3142.4136.7135 9585.6

485190935

1,259

407

72

6.37.8.7.56.2

330.3458.1311.5

222.7507. 2417.5415.1369. 2313.7

2,933.1

3, 379.1338.1220.6164.8194.8181.0191.2205.2

168.1203.7133.7

181.1187.4160.0139.6156.0140.2213.1167.5306.2210.7157.5190.6180 6137.8118.4149.4356. 6295. 1220.5214.0287.9294.3

145.8215.6136.6165.3132.7

115 4171.5177.9156.6

178.6159.8158.8

126.8141.7132.7136.3585.2

390185660

,172

348

63t, 246

6.17.6.6.6

6.1

.3

329.1453.3314.3

226.7512.1414.3410.3366.8305.9

2, 883. 7

3, 399. 3331.7209.8154. 3189. 6175.0188.4207.5

169.0204. 4132.8

185.1195.6166.3148.4158.5143.1212.8168.7336.4200.3163. 0189.8180.0138.9119.6151.5360. 8292.8220.8213.3291.4300.8

150.1207.8130.8158.2135.4

115.6108. 9177.9159.4

185. 5159. 5159.0

128.0139.2138.9136.4602.6

440220690

1,127

370

644,350

6.06.4.6.55.0

330.3455.6313.2

225.3503.7417.4415.5372.6307.8

2, 916.1

3,468. 7332.2212.8156.5193.1178.5192.1207.8

170.4203.5138.5

188.0196.9169.6147.4158.0142.7207.4171 4262.3200.2165 7192.9182.6139.5119.3153.7364.5288.6224.4219.7290.2297.5

159.8210.2130.7163. 7129.6

114.3168. 3174.915S.0

188.0161.3161.9

132.0141.6147.1140.4599.0

375200710

1,034

6.16.0.6.5

4.6

. 3

' 327. 3' 450.3

221.9498.7409.0408.4363.2

'307.6

2, 905. 9

3,497.8326.9199.3143.8190.7177.2189.5207.0

172.22068139.4

189.4192.3169.2141 1157.4141.9203.8174. 5188.7211.4172.7194.0182.0142.2120.8156.8366. 2289.2219.2214.2289.9298.2

137.7197.7125.0153.8130.9

114.2170.1172.1156.9

181.9160. 7164.6

134.2141.9155.9140.0651.9

28085

380

833

453

755,194

4.9'6 .7

.6

.5' 4 . 3

.3

' 3 3 1 . 8«• 455. 8

316.7

225.5504. 3422.0419.4

' 381 .0' 3 1 2 . 6

2, 893. 7

3,435. 6336.2193.7138. 3194. 0179.8192.2210.5

176.6212.3142.3

194.9191.8164.5143. 5160. 8145.7205.0176.5162. 9227.6177.8197.6186.0144.1121.5159.6377.8291.1220.4214.9303. 6316.1

148.8199.8127.7144.3131.7

' 114.6173.5174.0158.6

176.6162.3169.5

146.8145.0190.7142.3672.9

r Revised . © S m a l l revisions have been made in the da ta for 1940-43; these are available on request .§Pre l iminary revisions for J a n u a r y 1944: Workers involved, 113,000; man-days idle, 710,000.d* Rates beginning J a n u a r y 1943 refer to all employees ra ther than to wage earners only and are therefore no t str ict ly comparable wi th earlieit See note marked " J " on p . S-10. A D a t a revised beginning J a n u a r y 1941; for revisions for 1941-43 see p . 19 of the December 1944 Survey.*New series. D a t a beginning 1939 for the indexes of pay rolls for the newspapers and periodicals and pr in t ing , book and job . industr ies wil

1 Data computed to tenths only beginning June.

•lier data. 1 Index is being revised.

.ginning 1939 for the indexes of pay rolls for the newspapers and periodicals ana printing, boon and job. industries will be shown in a later issue. Indexes ofpay rolls beginning 1939 for retail food establishments and beginning 1940 for water transportation are shown on p. 31 of the June 1943 Survey.

t Revised series. The series on placements by the U. S. Employment Service has been revised beginning in the August 1943 Survey to exclude agricultural placements which arenow made only in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture extension service; comparable earlier data are available on request. For information regarding the revised indexesof wage-earner pay rolls (or weekly wages) in manufacturing industries, see note maiked"t" on p.S-10. For revised data beginning iy39for the indeiesof payrolls in nonmanufactur-ing industries, see p. 31 of the June 1943 Survey (data lor the telephone and telegraph industries have subsequently been revised; revised data beginning 1937 will be shown later).Digitized for FRASER




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary


WAGES

Factory average weekly earnings:Natl. Ind. Con. Bd. (25 industries) dollars.U. S. Dept. of Labor, all manufacturing! do \

Durable goods! do IIron and steel and their products! do |

Blast furnaces, steelworks, and rollingmills!.. dollars..

Electrical machinery! doMachinery, except electrical!.. _ ..do

Machinery and machine-shop products!--doMachine tools do

Automobiles! doTransportation equipment, except automo-

biles! __ dollars..Aircraft and parts (excluding engines).__doShipbuilding and boatbuilding do

Nonferrous metals and products! doLumber and timber basic products! do

Sawmills doFurniture and finished lumber products!_do

Furnituret do . . . .Stone, clay, and glass products! do

Nondurable goods! do ITextile-mill products and other fiber

manufactures! dollars..Cotton manufacturers, except small wares!

dollars..Silk and rayon goods! doWoolen and worsted manufactures

(except dyeing and finishing)! dollars..A pparel and other finished textile products!

dollars..Men's clothing! doWomen's clothing! do

Leather and leather products!.. _.do |Boots and shoes do I

Food and kindred products! __do jBaking do L . . -Canning and preserving! __do jSlaughtering and meat packing.. .do j

Tobacco manufactures! _.doPaper and allied products!... do

Paper and pulp do_._.Printing, publishing, and allied industries!

dollars..Newspapers and periodicals* doPrinting, book and job* do

Chpinicals and allied products! doChemicals ..do

Products of petroleum and coal! doPetroleum refining do

Rubber products! doRubber tires and inner tubes do

Factory average hourly earnings:Natl. Ind. Con. Bd. (25 industries) doU. S. Dept. of Labor, all manufacturing! do . . .

Durable goods! doIron and steel and their products! do |

Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills! doElectrical machinery! doMachinery, except electrical! do

Machinery and machine-shop products!.doMachine tools _ do

Automobiles! ....doTransportation equipment, except automo-

biles! dollars..Aircraft and parts (excluding engines)...doShipbuilding and boatbuilding do

Nonferrous metals and products! doLumber and timber basic products! do

Sawmills do jFurniture and finished lumber products!..do |

Furniture doStone, clay, and glass products! do

Nondurable goods! doTextile-mill products and other fiber

manufactures! dollars..Cotton manufactures, except small

wares! dollars..Silk and rayon goods! doWoolen and worsted manufactures

(except dyeing and finishing)! dollars..Apparel and other finished textile products!

dollars..Men's clothing!.., doWomen's clothing§ .do

Leather and leather products! doBoots and shoes. do

48.1545.4751.4050.30

53.1147.0654.3552.9955.8558.13

58.4353.9360.8348.8833.0331.9434.9735.8938.0036.32

24.9828.29

35.05

30.1130.9836.9332.0630.13

' 38.0836.9130.7544.7628.0037.8441.19

42.4946.7840.6042.7450.5753.8657. 2548.9557. 21

1.0481.0031.1001.0691.1501.0051.1071. 0891.1071.257

1.2471.1381.3171.040.770.756.792.812.879.842

.686

.831

48.4145.6451.5450.18

52.7447.1854.5453.2856.9758.37

58.7353.7061.4648.9633.3032.2635.4736.2938.4636.56

28.88

25.2628.53

35.32

30.7231.7737.8332.3630.4338.0437.4230.5643.5627. 7538.2041. 50

42.8247.0641.1842.9951.0754.2457.6249.5358.38

1.0531.0061.1031.0701.1481.0101.1101.0921.1161.261

1.2511.1431. 3191.044.771.757.797.816.882.846

.690

.605

.672

.833

.789

.802

.969

.782

.747

48.0945.5551.6750.07

53.1246.8454.4052.5356.54

"• 58. 56

59.4153.5562.8948.6534.0533.1435. 2335.9338.4536.16

28.85

25.7528.27

34.79

28.7030.4634.1632. 4830.3937.8737.0030.7643.7027.0038.0941.59

42.9347.0741.3543.0151.2054.3657.8348.1255. 63

1.0571.0131.1101.0771.1581.0141.1151.0951.1141. 262

1.2611.1481.3301.045

.788

. 7 7 5

. 8 0 5.827.891. 8 5 0

.701

.623.686

.837

.770

.800

.927

.790

. 7J">4

48.4646.0251.8950.41

53.4347.2854.3753.1857.08

' 57.68

59.8754.1064.0248.8334.5433.5936.0436.7238.9837.03

29.51

26. 3329.13

35.50

29.4532.2834.3933.0230. 9539.0838.0631.2746.4129.3438.7742.49

43.8448.2942.0943.9151.4265.1458.2748.9857.11

1.0621.0171.1121.0771.1601.0211.1161.0991.1221.266

1.2641.1581.3321.047.798.788.812.834.893.858

.710

.634

.697

.842

.772

.817

.918

.800

.766

49.3046.2452.1450.65

54.3247.8855.0653.7057.7758.48

59.6654.6162.8049.3335.5634.7236. 2636.7139.1937.30

29.87

26.7629.07

36.04

29.9532.2935.8933.3531. 4339.0938.2130.8445.7329.8239.1742.83

44.3748.4542.9743.8651.6555.3057.9849. 3056.78

1.0691.0171.113L.0811.170L.0261.1221.1031.1311.275

1.2621.1591.3241.049

.799

.792

.813

.833

.894

.861

.712

.637

.691

.845

.784

.821

.946

.802

.767

48.8645.4351.0750.01

54.5847.2253.3351.8556.8056.43

59.2954.4362.6948.3433.7432.7335.3935.9438.1237.05

29.64

27.1228.33

35.35

29.2830.8635.4633.0130.9938.5238.4229.7545.8730.0438.7242.42

44.1248.6542.7044.0052.1556. 2759.0849.1757.01

1.0721.0181.1161.0861.1891.0321.1231.1051.1311.291

1. 2671.1551.3311.051

.796

.788

.812

.832

.899

.862

.710

.639

.693

.840

.785

.811

.963

.801

.765

48.9845.8851.8450.25

53.8047.7654.1552.9457.3356.90

60.3654. 7363.9648.6935. 7835. 2136. 5837.1539.3337.15

29.74

26.9028.92

34.95

30.4431.6537. 7733.1631.1837.9538.3130.2744.6930.2739.1042.67

44.4348.8842.6743.7951.9055.2758.0050. 2458.62

1.0701.0161.1121. 0751.1631.0321.1211.1001.1381.261

1.2721.1611.3391.047.801.793.816.835.895.864

.711

.637

.689

.841

.807.823.999.806.771

49.4246.2452.1851.27

55.4348.5554.4753.1057.1855.98

60.8054.3165.2348.9934. 8233.9136.5136.8339.5237.66

30.10

27.2628.89

35.51

31.7432.9339.8234.0232.1537.6738.9329.9843.9831.4339.6543.07

45.6049.9244.2644.0852.2255.7058.2450.9959.33

1.0801.0321.1321.1011.1981.0511.1361.1161.1441. 287

1. 2971.1771.3701.058.803.795.829.847.910.876

.721

.646

.700

;849

.832

.8461.035.820.788

49.3946.9453.1851.48

55.4648.4255.4854.3758.9557.85

62.5355. 3967.6949.9936.1135. 2937.4837.8140.8237.97

30.49

27.3730.20

35.96

31.8333.5439.1234.0632.2938.3938. 5831.6744.6831. 5340. 2644.24

45.0649.2143.9343.9451.9956.9960.3750.9258.54

1.0791.0311.1291.0911.1761.0461.1371.1161.1501.270

1.3011.1771.3791.059.807.798.833.849.912.878

.723

.647

.706

.849

.832

.8571.027.819

49.42' 46.85r 53.04r 50. 98

54.5548.5454.7253.8458.05

' 58.23

'63.04' 55.64' 68.68' 49.6634.0032.66

r 36. 9737.5140.1037.87

r 30. 54

27.4930.04

36.00

31.3433.9537.67

' 33.70'31.87r 38.8638.8630.4946.81

r 32.4940.1143.73

r 45. 5649. 63

' 44.52' 43.7052.4855. 6158.6650.5958.30

1.0791.035

' 1.136' 1.0891.1701.0491.1341.1161.1501.280

'1.318' 1. 178r 1.4071.058.791.776.833.853.910

.722

.646

.707

.849

.824

.8641.001r .819.787

49.8247.45

r 53. 68r 51. 85

55.33r 49.43' 56. 0554.76

r 60. 81' 58. 41

' 63. 29' 56. 45' 68.17' 50. 8333. 6232.26

' 37. 4838.00

* 40. 35' 38. 41

30.98

27.9130.41

36. 63

31.35r 33. 2538.45

r 34. 2732. 55

' 39. 7939.2431.1048.16

' 33. 2040.4043. 96

r 45. 8449. 85

' 44. 75r 44. 0652. 6455. 9558. 5052. 6361. 71

1.0851. 040

' 1. 1391.0951. 179

r 1.0591. 1461.124

r 1. 1 731. 279

r 1. 309' 1. 187r 1.384r 1.069

.794

.779

.842

.862

.914

.883

.725

.648

.708

.852

.831r. 8611.017.824.794

50.8047.5253. 5551. 65

55.0449.7655.8854.9260.2159.38

62.7357.3566.2550.8033.6532.3437.5738.3439.8038.65

30.80

27.8129.81

36.81

32. 4334.0840. 3534. 7533.1239. 5038. 5131.7346.9931.9640. 2543.55

46.0349. 4245. 1444. 3353. 3155. 597.704.51

04. 29

.099047146101191068151132172314

308.203

1. 3711.077

.791

.773

.846

.868

.917

.890

728

. 653

.710

.857

.849

. 8651.054.829. 799

' Revised.+ Sample changed in November 1942; data are not strictly comparable with figures prior to that month§ Sample changed in July 1942; data are not strictly comparable with figures prior to that month. .* New series. Data beginning 1932 for the newspapers and periodicals and printing, book and job, industries will be published later; see November 1943 Survey for data beginning

August 1942.! Revised series. The indicated series on average weekly and hourly earnings have been shown on a revised basis beginning in the March 1943 Survey and data are not compa-

rable with figures shown in earlier issues (see note marked " f on p. S-13 of the July 1944 Survey); there were no revisions in the data for industries which do not carry a referenceto this note. Data prior to 1942 for all revised series will be published later.




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary


WAGES—Continued

Factory average hourly earnings—Continued.U. S." Dept. of Labor, all mfg.t—Continued.

Nondurable goods—Continued.Food and kindred products! dollars

Baking. .. ._ doCanning and preserving! doSlaughtering and meat packing do

Tobacco manufactures! doPaper and allied products! do !

Paper and pulp doPrinting, publishing, and allied industries! do ',_.._

Newspapers and periodicals*. doPrinting, book and job* do. _

Chemicals and allied products! doChemicals. . do

Products of petroleum and coal! doPetroleum refining . _ . do

Rubber products! doRubbpr tires and inner tubes do

Nonmanufacturing industries, average hourly earnings(IT. S. Department of Labor):*

Building construction dollars..Mining:

.Anthracite doBituminous coal doMetalliferous doQuarrying and nonmetallic do

Crude petroleum and natural gas doPublic utilities:

Electric light and power doStreet railways and busses . . . . doTelegraph doTelephone . do

Services:Dyeing and cleaning doPower laundries __. . . . . _. do

Trade:Retail . . d oWholesale _ do

Miscellaneous wage data:Construction wage rates (E. N. R.):,

Common labor dol. per hr.Skilled labor _ _ do

Farm wages without board (quarterly)0dol. per month..

Railway wages (average, class I)© dol. per hr__Road-building wages, common labor:

United States average „ _do_ .

PUBLIC ASSISTANCE

Total public assistance mil. of dol..Old-age assistance, and aid to dependent children and

the blind, total mil. of dol

General relief do

0. 8911.64

.74

v 72v 59

0.838.822.766.909.678.829.869

1.0441.216.970. 935

1.0871.1591.2331. 0721. 240

1.297

1. 2451.179.992.828

1.143

1. 091.916.793.898

.705

.597

.676

.967

.8691.62

. 966

.65

79

71578

0.839.829. 759.903.679.834.871

1.0491. 226.973.938

1. 0941.1631. 2351.0861. 256

1.296

1.1621.174.999.833

1.121

1.092. 922.796.904

.70S

.601

.711

.966

,8701.62

.944

.64

79

7157

8

0.845.830.779.918.691.837.875

1.0591. 232.983.944

1.0971.1741.2471.0751. 234

1.297

1.1661.1821.012.848

1.168

1.110. 928.800. 908

.722

.606

.690

.984

.8741.63

81.15. 950

.68

78

7157

8

0. 854.839. 777.934.698.842.879

1.0721.248.994.954

1.1011.1741.2421.0871.257

1.310

1.1591.1751.005.849

1.131

1. 094.928.807.907

.725

. 620

.697

.979

.8741.63

.943

.68

78

71

7

0. 851.841.770.924.706.845.884

1.0751.2481.001

.9581.1011.1811.2481.0921. 254

1.300

1.1441.1821.009. 857

1.138

1.097. 933.804.900

. 724

.617

.701

. 986

.8771.64

.. 939

.76

78

7157

0.845.839.743.921.709.847.886

1. 0721.253.997. 966

1.1141.1991. 2651.0941.256

1.302

1.1941.1991.010.871

1.187

1.118. 935.805.903

.722

.621

.732

.989

.8821.64

89.54.947

.77

78

7158

0.844.839. 765.. 922.715.847.884

1.0801.2581.001

.9611.1061.1791.2451.1021.264

1.323

1.1791.1901.003.861

1.130

1.102.939.802.902

.719

.626

.730

.981

.8821.64

.938

.79

78

7158

0.847.850.764.921.724.858.891

1.1011. 2651.030

. 9661.1191.2021. 2681.1171.273

1. 339

1.1871.2131.016

.8711.172

1.120.942.812.921

.736

.637

.736

.994

.8831.64

.955

.80

78

71587

0.857.849.790.930.728.862.901

1.1021.2621.037

.9571.1171.1901. 2571.1081.263

1.342

1.1971.1911.015' . 8 8 11.156

1.127.945.809.928

.745

.641

.7411.008

.8861.64

86 80.952

.79

79

71587

0. 859.855.773.933

' . 735.863.899

M.1041.2681.037

.9561.1211.1861.2531.1071.258

1.349

1.1561.173

r 1.015.871

1.146

' 1.116

.809

.930

.747

.641

.736

.996

.8861.64

.959

.78

79

587

0. 866'. 8.54.786

r. 933.738.867.904

1. 1081. 268

r 1.042. 964

1. 1251. 1841. 2621.1291. 293

r 1.359

1.1S7r l.OL'O

. SS ?i. n.2

r i . : I*.)

7 V.).(.44

. 72*I.0U2

l.c.l

.74

80

' . '9

FINANCE

BANKING

Agricultural loans outstanding of agencies supervisedby the Farm Credit Administration:

Total, excl. joint-stock land banks mil. of dol._Farm mortgage loans, total do

Federal land banks doLand Bank Commissioner do

Loans to cooperatives, total doBanks for cooperatives, including central bank

mil. of dol._Agr. Marketing Act revolving fund do

Short term credit, total . . . doFederal intermediate credit bankscf doProduction credit associations doRegional agricultural credit corporations...doEmergency crop loans doDrought relief loans do

Joint-stock land banks, in liquidation doBank debits, total (141 centers)! . d o . . .

New York City doOutside New York City dol_._

Federal Reserve banks, condition, end of month:Assets, total mil. of dol_.

Reserve bank credit outstanding, total doBills discounted doUnited States securities do

Reserves, total doGold certificates do

2, 0391,4301,109

321218

2152

39;30

20910

10637

163, 79529, 06534, 730

40, 43420,158

32119,43918, 61018, 346

2,3551,7061, 315

391227

2214

42232

21524

11239

364,06127, 59236, 469

33, 44812, 092

3411,63219, 86619,536

2, 3191,6731, 290

383202

1973

44434

23322

11639

369, 05629, 64439, 412

33, 80812, 571

6312,11519,73619,423

2,2891,6511,274

378175

1713

46236

24921

11939

360, 24125, 29734, 944

34, 87013, 800

11813,22019, 54619, 265

2.2601, 6301, 258

372155

1523

47536

26021

11939

260, 75724,70836,049

35, 54214, 759

23714, 25119, 36219,097

2,2431,6141,245

369146

1433

48235

26921

11939

276,19233, 56342,629

36,13215, 272

1314,90119,28719.010

2,2141,5911,228

363143

1403

48135

26920

11838

266, 06228, 47437, 588

35,81515, 325

3714,91519,10418,823

2,1721,5671,211

357135

1323

46932

26320

11638

262, 49726,16536,332

36, 67816, 201

9515,80619,02818,759

2,1241,5441,194

351135

1323

44530

24619

11238

263, 62526,86036, 765

37, 49217,113

4916,65318,91518, 647

2,1051, 5181,175

343176

1723

41228

22118

107382

66, 89128, 55838,336

38, 70018, 325

34517,64718, 80218, 552

2,0791,4901,155

336207

2033

38228

19815

10437

270, 39730,01640, 381

39,85419,357

47318,388

s1

2, 0581, 4671,137

330217

2133

37531

19212

10237

183,16837, 67845, 490

40, 26919,745

8018.846

18,77018,528 i

18,18.444

v Preliminary. r Revised. 0 Weighted averages for 1942-43 revised as follows: 1942, $55.91; 1943, $72.51.© Wage increases which became effective December 1943 (retroactive to February or April 1943) and January 1944 are not fully reflected in the figures until March 1944. The

figures do not include accruals of back pay.fRates as of March 1: Construction—common labor, 0.895; skilled labor, $1.64. cf Excludes loans to other Farm Credit Administration agencies.* New series. Data on hourly earnings beginning August 1942 for the newspapers and periodicals and printing, book and job, industries and beginning March 1942 for the non-

manufacturing industries, except the telephone and telegraph industries, are available, respectively, in the November 1943 and May 1943 issues; figures beginning 1937 for the tele-phone industry, which are shown on a revised basis beginning in the December 1944 issue, and data back to 1939 for other series, except the telegraph industry, will be publishedlater; data for the telegraph industry are available only from June 1943 (for data beginning that month see p. S-14 of the January 1945 issue).

!Revised series. See note marked " f on p. S-13 in regard to the series on hourly earnings in manufacturing industries. Bank debits have been revised beginning Aiay 19̂ 2 toinclude additional banks in the 141 centers; see p. S-15 of the September 1943 Survey for revised figures beginning that month and note marked " ! " en p. b-15 oi the Ju.y l .=44 burveyfor monthly averages for 1942 on the new basis.




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

November

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

FINANCE—Continued

BANKING—Continued

Federal Reserve banks, condition, end of month—Con.Liabilities, total mil. of doL.

Deposits, total d o _ _Member bank reserve balances do

Excess reserves (estimated) doFederal Reserve notes in circulation do

Reserve ratio percent. .Federal Reserve reporting member banks, condition

Wednesday nearest end of month:Deposits:

Demand, adjusted mil. of dol_.Demand, except interbank:

Individuals, partnerships, and corporations, doStates and political subdivisions do iUnited States Government do

Time, except interbank, total doIndividuals, partnerships, and corporations doStates and political subdivisions do

Interbank, domestic doInvestments, total do

XJ. S. Government direct obligations, total—.doBills doCertificates »_doBonds doNotes d o . . .

Obligations guaranteed by U. S. Government, doOther securities do

Loans, total doCommercial, industrial, and agricultural!--, doTo brokers and dealers in securities doOther loans for purchasing or carrying securities

mil. of dcL.Beal estate loans doLoans to banks doOther loans do

Money and interest rates:^Bank rates to customers:

New York City percent._7 other northern and eastern cities. do11 southern and western cities do_ .

Discount rate (N. Y. F . R. Bank) • doFederal land bank loansd* doFederal intermediate credit bank loans doOpen market rates, New York City:

Prevailing rate:Acceptances, prime, bankers', 90 days doCommercial paper, prime, 4-6 months doTime loans, 90 days (N. Y. S. E.) do

Average rate:Call loans, renewal (N. Y. S. E.) doIL S. Treasury bills, 3-mo do

Average yield, U. S. Treasury notes, 3-5 yrs.:Taxable* do

Savings deposits, New York State savings banks:Amount due depositors mil. of dol . .

U. S. Postal Savings:Balance to credit of depositors doBalance on deposit in banks do

40,43416,27014,228

£4922,162

48.4

37,018

37, 3471,539

10,5238, 0527,833

1258,915

46, 86743, 5552,1409, 994

22,2159,2C6

3572,955

11,6346, 2511,737

1,2451,044

711,286

1.004.001.50

.44

.751.25

1.22

7,215

CONSUMER SHORT-TERM CREDIT

Total consumer short-term debt, end of month*. .do v 5,314Instalment debt, total* do_ _ p 1,957

Sale debt, total* do . . . . *> 740Automobile dealers* . do p 186Department stores and mail-order houses*

mil. of doLFurniture stores* d o . . .Household appliance stores* do___Jewelry stores* do_._All other* d o . . .

Cash loan debt, total* d o . . .Commercial banks, debt* d o . . .Credit unions:

Debt* do.._Loans made . . d o . . .

Industrial banking companies:Debt d o . . .Loans made do__.

Personal finance companies:Debt do * 372Loans made do v 56

Insured repair and modernization debt*. . .do p 120Miscellaneous debt* do v 86

Charge account sale debt* do * 1,432Single-payment loans, debt* do \ * 1,189Service debt* do. __j p 736

Index of total consumer short-term debt, end of month:* \Adjusted 1935-39= 100.J 84

v 161v 240v 11p 55^87

P 1.217p 356

r 114v 16

v 169v 29

33,44814, 38312,3111,162

17,31662.7

32, 327

32, 6091,706

12,0306,4036, 213

1318,483

41, 75537,1593,8489,04318,5415, 7271, 7392,857

11, 5356,3941,667

1, 0611,089102

1, 222

33, 80814, 47811,889

51217, 55961.6

32, 660

32, 6491,782

10, 2356,4876,306

1238,036

40, 99437, 4343,2478,91018,0267,251653

2,90711,0186, 3051,482

8801, 081

551,215

1.004.001.50

.44

.691.25

1.00

.375

1.32

6,2581, 867

9

4,8741,846707167

147236215185

1,139303

11718

16129

3566011884

1,2181,113697

2.102.753.121.004.001. 50

.44

.691.25

1.00.375

1.36

6,322

1,906

5,0571, 864696167

144231195283

1,168316

12126

16438

11286

1.3761.115' 702

80

34,87015, 09012,684

77317,96959.1

34, 649

34, 3572,0057,1966,6226,445

1297,95440,41836, 9722,7738,96818,1057,126641

2,80510, 2566,0351,253

6291,074

621,203

35, 54215,29913,046

71118, 53257.2

36, 208

36,1842, 0544, 9346, 7536, 575

1308,14639, 90736,4132, 2998, 88618,1347, 094616

2,87810,0815, 8461,192

36,13215,38612, 8661. 30618,89956.3

33,008

33,1701,76512,5896,8106,643

1198,796

42, 87239,2882,94210, 34118,7437, 2C2C/29

2,95512,1646,0272, 032

589 1,6161, 073 1,073

55 531,326 | 1,363

!.23

1.004.001.50

.44

.691.25

1.00. 375

1.36

6,383

1,9479

5,0371,847690171

142229184882

1,157319

118

16

16430

3636110885

1,3461. 139' 705

1.004.001.50

.44

L25

1.00.375

1.35

6,464

1,994

5,1481,859700181

141235164582

1, If9325

11820

16535

3627210485

1,3901,189710

81

2.553.181.004. CO1.50

.751.25

1.00

.375

1.34

6,5702,034

9

5,2091,882707192

138237154481

1, 175335

11922

169

3657510285 |

1,370 !

1,241 i716 |

I82

35, 81515, 02212,8551,18819,12755.9

33, 597

33, 6501,77713,6026,9626,798

1198, 691

45, 43041, 8753,881

11, 05719, 4357, 502613

2,94211,4876,0151,446

1,5471,071

871,321

1.004.001.50

.44

.751.25

1.00

.375

1.31

6,6232,084

8

5,1481,889706204

132234144379

1,183339

11919

17033

3677310385

1,2871, 250' 722 1

82 i

36,67815, 20613, 072

84619, 73554.5

35,097

35,1111,75611,1007,1206,952

1228,515

44, 63541, 0753,077

11, 05719, 5377,404600

2, 96011,0655,9841,393

1,2551,071

541,308

1.004.001.50

.44

.751.25

1.00

.375

1.30

6,709

2,140

5,1921, 896709210

132233134279

1,187343

11820

172

35

3637010685

1,330r 1, 239'727

83

37, 49215, 50813, 5481, 035

20, 21552.9

35,435

35,4991,7629,2217,2997,131122

8,69143,69340,1402,47310,75719, 5697,341584

2,96910, 9806, 0761,523

9571,062

321,330

3.141. 004.001.50

.44

.751.25

1.00

.375

1.31

6,810

2,198

5,2721,912720210

138236134380

1,192342

11819

17233

3646711185

1,402r 1, 231

r 727

83 !

38,70016,01714,148

99020,79251.1

37, 587

37,8081,9545,8047,6027, 436

1209,105

42, 54339, 0571,774

10, 24719, 7627,274

5992,88711,3716, 2471,806

8511,060

811,326

1. GO4. 001.50

.44

. 751.25

1.00

.275

1.35

6,8972,257

8

5, 4121,937743210

148244134484

1,194344

11718

17234

3616811585

1,516r 1, 231'728

84

39,85416, 42714, 7281,17921,39149.6

38,539

38,8232,0395,7577, 6117,450116

9.68843,42839,9201.76810; 38420, 3507,418594

2,91411, 6656,2742,118

8361,061

641,312

1.004.001.50

.44

.751.25

1.00. 375

1.34

6,978

2, 305

5, 5951,973773208

162253134889

A, 200345

11618

40, 26916,41114,3731,77321,73149.0

34,667

35,2191,73513,8707, 7417,584112

9,97547, 25743, 7082,864

10,09021,4539, 301

6152,934

12, 6306,4151,969

1,7701,054

1071,315

1.932.61

P 2. 621.004.001.50

.44

.75

.75

1.00.375

1. 35

7,116

r 2, 3428

r 5, 790r 2,083

r836200

184269

13r 7 0

r 101r 1,247

357

11923

17234

36577

11785

1,6641, 231

727

17537

388106

'12088

1,7581,220' 729

39, 92916,16513,884

98221, 748

49.2

36,076

36, 2511,859

12, 3147,8607, 697

1178,856

47,13943, 657

2, 5539, 971

21, 9379,196

6002,882

12,1076, 3501,869

1,4621,049

721,305

87

1.004.001.50

.44

.751.25

1.00

.375

1.31

7,2042,401

8

v 5, 475v 2,008

778

v 172v 249

p 12P 6 1v 92

p 1,230358

v 11616

r 172' 3 3

378

p 119P 8 7

p 1,528p 1,206

733

85

JSce note marked "*" .'Revised . " Preliminary. §Includes open market paper. fFor bond yields see p . S-19. . . . .. . . .• A rate of 0.50 became effective October 30, 1942, on advances to member banks secured by Government obligations maturing or callable in 1 year or less,d* The temporary rate of 3H percent established by legislation for instalments maturing after July 1,1935, expired July 1,1944; effective that date the banks voluntarily reduced

their rates to 4 percent on all loans in the United States, some of which bore a contract rate as high as 6 percent. .

' ar figures and^ , . — ~ _ , - _ r- debt (series now

sale debt and automotive dealers, 1941; charge account sale debt, De-represents insured F H A loans), 1934-September 1943; credit union data, 1941-Septemb



Unless otherwise stated, statistics through" 1941and descriptive notes may be found in the1942 Supplement to the Survey

1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

FINANCE—Continued

LIFE INSURANCE

Life Insurance Association of America:©Assets, admitted, totalt A - mil. of dol_

Mortgage loans, total do . . .Farm do . . .Other do . . .

Real-estate holdings do . . .Policy loans and premium notes do . . .Bonds and stocks held (book value), total do . . .

Govt. (domestic and foreign), total do . . .U. S. Government. do. .

Public utility do . . .Railroad do. _Other do . . .

Cash do . . .Other admitted assets do . . .

Insurance written:®Policies and certificates, totalf thous.

Group do . . .Industrial t do . . .Ordinaryt do

Value, totalt thous. of doLGroup doIndustrial! doOrdinaryt .. do

Premium collections, total® doAnnuities doGroup doIndustrial doOrdinary do

Institute of Life Insurance:*Payments to policyholders and beneficiaries,

total. thous. of doL.Death claim payments doMatured endowments doDisability payments doAnnuit.v payments doDividends doSurrender values, premium notes, etc do

Life Insurance Sales Research Bureau:Insurance written, ordinary, total do ..

New England _ _ . . . . .. -do .Middle Atlantic do . . . .East North Central do . . . .West North Central-_. doSouth Atlantic do ..East South Central . . doWest South Central do. . .Mountain.._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.. _ doPacific do . . .

MONETARY STATISTICS

Foreign exchange rates:Argentina dol. per paper peso..Brazil, officialc? . . . . . . dol. per cruzeiro..British India . . . . .dol. per rupee..Canada, free rate? dol. per Canadian dolColombia dol. per pesoMexico . . . . . . . _ d o . . .United Kingdom, official rate . dol. per £

Gold:Monetary stork, IT. R__ . mil. of dol.Net release from earmark* __ thous. of dol.Production-

Reported monthly, to tall doAfrica ... d o . . .Canada*.. . doUnited Statesi d o . . . .

Money supply:Currency in circulation .. mil. of do!Deposits adjusted, all banks, and currency outside

banks, total* . mil. of dol.Deposits, adjusted, total, including U. S. deposits*

mil. of dol.Demand deposits, adjusted, other than TT. S.*

mil. of dolTime deposits, including postal savines* do

Silver:Price at New York dol. per fine oz_.Productfon:

Canada thous. of fine ozUnited States . . . do

Stocks, refinery, U. S., end of month do

33, 8655, 225

5914, 634

8311, 632

24,91115,93814, 5184,4432, 5341, 996

534732

61735

334248

739,16260,212

123, 130555, 820

730, 92654, 244

193, 730160, 472

70, 97974, 25827,01452, 67622, 97074, 583

. 298

. 061

. 301

. 906

. 571

. 2064. 035

20, 506-37 ,392

25, 751

'150, 300

•'126, 200

i>69, 400HI, 300

.448

31,2705,262

6214,6411,0491,812

22,10813,19911,6014,4592,4851,965

456583

50362248

710. 74662, 597

131,108517,041314, 772

28, 76122, 85663, 200

199,955

205, 31898,96230,4966,97713,48836,03419,361

682, 29653, 445189,450149,74267,18166,18123,92744. 29019, 13368,947

.061

.301

.896

. 573

.2064.035

21,71211,486

54, 16337, 3498,988

3,429

20,824

128, 000

109, 40058,10033, 700

.448

1, 2733,8272,924

31,473 !5,256611

4,6451,0181,793

22, 25213,27911,6874,4972,4951,981506648

70153

382267

791,69588,179137,811565.705350,92632, 64924, 51471,006

222, 757

238, 284115,18334, 6017,77215,49942, 91322, 316

753,49856, 382

200,503164. 71072, 23776,29031,11852, 33622, 00377 919

.298

.061

.3018P3. 573. 206

4.035

21,600-48.718

57.15239, 5479,333

2,933

21,115

127,900

108, 40059,60034,100

.448

1, 3674,0055,118

31, fifil5, 258615

4,643995

1,77722, 23413, 29711, 7284,4812,4731,983671726

69195346250

774,292126,479124, 535523, 278272, 83327,10618,92753, 558173,242

198,17698, 96029,0486,87913,84531, 35218,092

676,65349, 426182,624150,16364,15867, 64727,07446,14420, 29369,124

. 298 298

.061 .061

. 301 . 301

.900

. 573

.2064.035 j 4.035

21,429 ! 21 264-70 ,542 1-93,110

31,8485, 252

6184, 634

9761,762

22. 29613,36511,7624,4762,4731,982

mi751

69354

376263

820, 098136,333136, 127547, 638308, 760

29, 63321.07063, 752

194,305

208, 273101,59731,101

7,74614,09933, 30420, 426

717,34151, 019190,254159,81470, 09372. 40027, 60548, 77721. 5037." 876

53,88738, 2C08, 568

2,936

21, 552

127, 500

107, 60062,10034, 600

. 448

1,2303,0715,154

57,22740, 2458.9892,881

22,160

128, 000

107,500

65, 10035, 300

.448

1.0303. 5110)

32, 1025,263620

4,643954

1,74623, 05514,14912, 5754,4642,4561, 986

39*686

69889

340269

842, 991125, 675125,183592,133339,60035, 31921,68070, 116

212,486

210,97295, 73929, 8077,«2615,46041,35720,983

771,832M , 219

196, 325161,59276, 04874, 90030, 372M, 66423, 274100,438

. 298

.061

.301904.573.206

4. 035

21,173—6.395

54,77539, 4018,3972,431

22,504.

136,169

115,288

32, 2955, 261620

4,641936

1, 73323, 24214, 34612,7974, 4542,4521,990457666

58642

304241

722, 96080, 220112,395530, 3452.85, 07233,8-1219, 25857, 309

174, 663

189, 58991,62925, 9206, 97614 42932, 59818, 037

696, 04649, 896178, 969150, 97671,31170, 82628, 08246, 73422, 59576,657

.298

.061

.301

.902

.573

.2064.035

20, 996—96, 627

55, 60739. 5938,2472, 959

22, G99

139. 200

60, 06535,717

1,1 R02, 892

I

32, 4545, 259617

4,642921

1,71923, 38114, 44712, 9044, 4662,4731, 995466708

62770

313244

746,819110,319115, 490521. 010312,03139, 56721, 33059. 522191,612

199, 500103, 80226, 1627, 06814, 33529, 01419,119

701, 70548, 553165,996157, 72674, 81675, 31528, 94550. 45622, 10377, 795

.298

.061

.301900. 573.206

4.035

20, 9262,690

57, 22640. 2248,290

2,779

23, 292

139,000

117, 30061,36,

1.3

500300

448

072538

P 64,

3

200 1000

448

830119

32,6585,258616

4.642902

1,70723.53114, 57413,0544,4712,4921,994521739

56235

300227

648, 37664, 796111,226472,354306, 31127,13920.53269, 974188, 666

188,02690,14825, 5916, 75814, 79133,15317, 585

636, 51844,821

152,249143,620

67, 35566, 39827,17247, 76120,32266,820

.298

.061

.301

.894

. 573

. 2064.035

20.825- 2 7 , 378

54.82639, 0748,2743,028

23,794

P138, 900

P116, 700

p 65, 400p 37, 800

9052,291

32, 8645, 249

6124, 637

8931, 693

23,61914, 64613,172

4, 4972,4712, 005

665745

67846

367264

777, 79397, 910

134,171545, 712292, 693

32, 66520, 83361,419

177, 776

200, 236101,612

30, 5157,083

13, 95529, 07217, 999

724,84051. 959

187,461159, 62971,41276, 66927, 55050, 45022, 23077, 450

. 298

.061

.301

.807

. 573

.2064. 035

20, 727-22 , 647

54, 46139, 110

8, 051

2, 863

24, 425

139, 300

'116, 600

p 69,300

p 38, 700

.448

1,0542,889

33, 0635, 239

6054,634

8761,678

23, 56914,63113,1654,4682.4602,010

947754

64544

344258

776. 801101, 75."124, 976550, 070309, 284

36, 89820,40757, 036

194, 943

201,985101,74031,133

6, 97214,94230, 16717, 031

726, 45252,499

192, 674159,73472,17474, 90129,20850.11921, 35673,727

. 298

.061

.301

.898

. 573

. 2064. 035

20,688- 3 4 , 669

53, 68038, 525

7,809

2,974

25, 019

=142, 600

"119,300p 72, 000* 3 9 , 100

.448

1,192 |3,105

33, 3185,257

6024, 655

8541, 662

24, 409r 15, 547

14,0904,4342, 4621, 966

490746

* 58970

290230

908, 377222, 532140, 421545, 424458, 763120, 990

24, 56684. 430

228, 777

224, 886101, 773

29, 4376,188

13, 33954, 07120, 078

740, 32952,148

181,927161, 278

75. 12976, 08331.87055, 33925. 42381, 132

.298

. 061

.301

.897

.572

. 2064. 035

20. 619-46, 255

>53, 387' 38, 091'• 8, 012

2, 769

33, 6835, 235

5954, 640

8441,646

24, 70415, 77214, 3384, 4382,5291, 965

549705

57337

299236

747, 85364, 376

123, 724559, 753351,354

49, 06931,31268, 424

202, 549

241, 157115,09637, 596

8,10419, 39042, 92318,048

737. 56458, 092

204, 556159,399

70, 45071,94827, 46649, 99122, 60873, 054

.298

.061

. 301

. 900

. 2064. 035

20, 550-58 ,160

1 55, 089' 39. 506p 8, 012

2, 463

25, 307 25, 290

'150. 700 1*450,400

'127,200 ; P 1 2 6 , 8 0 0

*66,900 ! P68, 200700 P40, 400

.448

1,2273,247

.448

r Revised. p Preliminary. 136 companies having 82 percent of the total assets of all United States legal reserve companies. i Discontinued by compilers.A In January 1944 one company was replaced by a larger one and the 1943 data revised accordingly; revisions for January-September 1943 are available on request.®39 companies having 81 percent of the total life insurance outstanding in all United States legal reserve companies. • Or increase in earmarked gold (—).cfPrior to Nov. 1, 1942, the official designation of the currency was the "milreis." ©Formerly "The Association of Life Insurance Presidents."§The free rate for United Kingdom shown in the 1942 Supplement was discontinued after Feb. 1,1943; the official and free rates (rounded to thousands) were identical from Jauuary

1942 to January 1943. The official rate for Canada has been $0,909 since first quoted in March 1940.IData for Mexico, included in the total as published through March 1942, are no longer available. For revised monthly averages for 1941 and 1942 for the total and Canada and for

1942 for United States, see note marked ' T ' on p. S-17 of the March 1944 Survey. Monthly revisions for 1941 and January-May 1942 are available on request.•New series. The series on payments to policyholders and beneficiaries, compiled by the Institute of Life Insurance, represents total payments in the United States, including

payments by Canadian companies: data are based on reports covering 90 to 95 percent of the total and are adjusted to allow for companies not reporting; data beginning September1941 are available in the November 1942 Survey; earlier data are available on request. The new series on bank deposits and currency outside banks are compiled by the Board ofGovernors of the Federal Reserve System and are partly estimated. Demand deposits adjusted exclude cash items in process of collection. The figures for time deposits include postalsavings redeposited m banks and amounts not so deposited. The amount of U. S. deposits can be obtained by subtracting the sum of demand and time deposits from figures for totaldeposits. Monthly data beginning January 1943 and earlier semiannual and annual data will be published later.A/r tpa ta for the indicated series have been published on a revised basis beginning in the February 1944 Survey and are not comparable with data in earlier issues (see note in~ 19.4? Purvey for explanation of the revision, which extended back to January 1941, and the effect on the 1941-42 data); revisions for Januarv 1941-October 194?. also carliprsmall revision? m value data for ordinary and the total back to December 1938, are available on request




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

FINANCE—Continued

PROFITS AND DIVIDENDS (QUARTERLY)*

Industrial corporations (Federal Reserve):Net profits, total (629 cos.) mil. ofdoL.

Iron and steel (47 cos.) doMachinery (69 cos.) doAutomobiles (15 cos.) doOther transportation equip. (68 cos.) doNonferrous metals and prod. (77 cos.) doOther durable goods (75 cos.) doFoods, beverages and tobacco (49 cos.) doOil producing and refining (45 cos.) doIndustrial chemicals (30 cos.) doOther nondurable goods (80 cos.) doMiscellaneous services (74 cos.)._ do

Profits and dividends (152 cos.):*Net profits doDividends:

Preferred doCommon -_-do

Electric utilities, class A and B, net income (FederalReserve)* mil. of doL

Railways, class I, net income (I. C. C.) do___Telephones, net operating income (Federal Communi-

cations Commission) mil. of dol_

FLBLIC FINANCE (FEDERAL)

U.S . war program, cumulative totals from June 1940:*Program mil. of dol. -Cash expenditures do

U. S. Savings bonds:*Amount outstanding doSales, series E, F, and G doRedemptions do

Debt, gross, end of month® doInterest bearing:

Public issues doSpecial issues§ do.__

Nonin terest bearing do.. _Obligations fully guaranteed by U. S. Gov't:

Total amount outstanding (unmatured) doExpenditures and receipts:

Treasuiy expenditures, total doWar activities! doTransfers to trust accountsf doInterest on debt doAll othert do

Treasury receipts, total doReceipts, net do

Customs doInternal revenue, total do

Income taxes ___doSocial security taxes do

Net expenditures of Government corporations andcredit agencies* mil. of dol__

Government corporations and credit agencies:Âssets, except interagency, total do

Loans and preferred stock, total doLoans to financial institutions (incl. preferred

stock) mil. of dol..Loans to railroads doHome and housing mortgage loans doFarm mortgage and other agricultural loans-doAll other do

TJ. S. obligations, direct and guaranteed doBusiness property doProperty held for sale doAll other assets do

Liabilities, other than interagency, total doBonds, notes, and debentures:

Guaranteed by the TJ. S doOther do

Other liabilities, including reserves doPrivately owned interests doTJ. S. Government interests ." do

Reconstruction Finance Corporation, loans outstanding,end of month, totalf mil. of dol..

Banks and trust cos., incl. receivers doOther financial institutions doRailroads, including receivers - d o . .Loans to business enterprises, except to aid in national

defense mil. of doL.National defense.. - do_._Other loans and authorizations do. _.

389, 524259, GOO

41,698848323

233,707

214,72417,1301,853

1,114

7,4606,948

4891

3733,9873,767

233,8152, 922

341

313

9,849307196276

258,387

657

452474052

i 5829204049423639

222

20142

135145.0

58.9

341, 308168,566

31,5152,782

185183,107

168,54113,168

1, 398

4,227

7,8627,518

556

2832,7542,503

352,4641,747

373

331

29, 7917,863

721419

1,7912,7702,1622,0991,6587, 753

10,41810, 504

4,2261,3224,956

43518,853

8,851407224385

407,072

724

341,330176,515

31,974709268

184, 715

169,84213, 5071,367

2,258

8, 5257, 726

7449343

6,5766,573

426, 3535,911

69

2,002

30, 2637,809

682416

1,7732,7612,1772,0901,6777,829

10, 8588,550

2,2741,3264,950

43321, 280

9,051390224383

387,295

722

341, 757184,008

32,497739237

184,967

169,71513,6971,554

2,258

7,8597,346

40117355

3,1193,087

392,9352,475

39

87

31.0837,743

652409

1,7542,7082,2202,1611,6717,985

11,5249,164

2,2741,3025,589

43521, 484

9,174379221375

377,449

713

341,605191,926

32,987751279

186,366

170, 75314,1221,492

1,529

8,2927,879

2652

3343,2562,950

383,0242,167

337

148

31,1537,656

632406

1,7322,6532,2331,7501,6858,042

12,0208,722

1,6721,4275,623

43521,996

9,330372222372

7,627702

464464055

22149

123168.4 I

58.2

343,514199,883

34, 6061,842

248201, 003

185,25014, 287

1,460

1,516

8, 6257, 567

40747271

6,2496,247

2S5,7345,241

75

31,6667, 621

674405

1, 7C62, 5912,2441,7011,7028,392

12,2509, 364

1,7661,4136,185

44321,858

9,428357222372

347,749

694

392, 377207, 238

36, 5382,125

227208, 574

192,15614, 961

1,456

1,468

8,1107,201

45186

3722,2122,163

281,^851,247

56

193

31,0977,504

667405

1,6812, 5322, 2191,5783.7428, 4969,7768, 663

1,5711,2295, 863444

21f9f0

9,473351218371

347,807693

392, 453215, 035

36,884602279

209,802

192,82715, 4611,514

1,475

8,1197, 571

5777415

2,8592, 568

232, 7021,552319

254

32, 6807,370

631387

1,6432,4742,2351, 5923,7479,22010, 7619,131

1,5711,2006,360444

23,114

9,607342209354

337,977692

478463756

150

236

20137

111173.3

58.3

392, 479222,140

37, 323692283

209,496

191, 87315, 9761,645

1,480

7,9306,998

22581329

5,9275,926

255,7495,174

65

—35

31,9597,405

606388

1,6363,4071,3681,603

15, 7763,0504,1269,167

1, 5651,2046,398498

21;771

9,711338208353

338,089690 I

391,096229, 586

37, 645695401

210, 244

192, 43816,1701,636

1,480

8, 0247,479

47133365

2,0542,001

291, 8801, 240

60

390,389236,682

38,3081,023382

215,005

194,19216,5832 4,230

1,470

7,8287,401

1856353

2, 5062,240

272,3001, 501293

— 71

545561

15328244367533752

281

23178

130164.8

390,506244,516

40, 3612,386365

230, 630

212, 56516,3261, 739

1,470

8,4167,503

22560332

5,4185,416

294, 9454,347

63

164

32,028

621343

1,568

9,704335208343

328,104681

9,846330207340

318,265

'674

3,3851,3111,630

16,2752,9933,9017,127

1,5371,3954,196

50423, 857

9,865322205312

318, 329

665

390,350252,036

41,1401,074

341232,408

213,98416,688

1,736

1,496

8,2027,551

69191390

3,5873,556

363,0422,422

48

- 2 1

9,867314204287

288,370

664r Revised. §Special issues to government agencies and trust funds. <g)Figures are on the basis of Daily Treasury Statements (unrevised).1 Partly estimated. 2 November data include prepayments on securities dated Dec. 1,1944, respectively, sold in the Fourth and Sixth War Loan drives.•In addition to data shown above, quarterly estimates of profits of all corporations are published in special tables in the Survey as follows: 1940-43 and the first quarter of 1944,

p. 6 of the July 1944 issue of the Survey; 1939, June 1943 issue, p. 25; the latter includes also on p. 24, annual data back to 1929 and, on p. 28, a description of the data; it should benoted that these estimates are in line with profits compiled from income tax returns and thus include reserves not allowable as deductions in computing taxes.

JFor 1941 revisions see p. S-17 of the November 1942 issue. Data for the agricultural adjustment program, shown separately through the February 1944 issue, and unemploymentrelief, shown separately through the July 1944 issue, are included in the "all other" item. Debt retirements, which have been comparatively small, are excluded.

^Beginning September 1944 data are reported quarterly and for some items (notably farm mortgage and other agricultural loans, all other loans, business property, property heldfor sale, all other assets) are not comparable with earlier data owing to changes in Treasury Department regulations governing reports from the agencies and to shifts between classi-fications.

*New series. For data beginning 1929 for profits and dividends of 152 companies, see p. 21, table 10, of the April 1942 Survey. Data for net income after taxes of class A and Belectric utilities have been substituted for data for 28 companies; they include affiliated nonelectric operations and cover 95 percent of all electric power operations. Data beginning1939 are available on request. Data beginning July 1940 for the series on the war program are shown on p. 29 of the June 1943 issue; a comparatively small amount of intercompanyduplication in the figures for R. F. C. and its subsidiaries has been eliminated beginning October 1943; see footnote marked "*" on p. S-18 of the April 1944 issue. The series on warsavings bonds is from the Treasury Department; amounts outstanding are at current redemption values except series G which is stated at par; this item and redemptions cover allsavings bonds series, including pre-war issues; sales represent funds received during the month from sales of series E, F, and G, the series issued since April 1941 (for sales beginningMay 1941, see p. S-16 of the October 1942 Survey). The series on expenditures of Government corporations and credit agencies includes net transactions on account of redemptionsof their obligations and other net expenditures by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, the Commodity Credit Corporation, and other lending agencies; transactions of theseagencies are not included in Treasury direct budget expenditures and receipts shown above; since October 1941 funds for these agencies are provided by the Treasury.

tRevised series: see note in the December 1943 Survey regarding changes in the classifications; the figures include payments unallocated, pending advices, at end of month.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


Unlessand1942

otherwise stated, statisticsdescriptive notes may beSupplement to the Survey

throughfound in

1941t h e

1945

Febru-ary

Febru-ary M , irch April M ay June July

194411 August Sep-

temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

December

I 1945

Janu-ary

FINANCE—Continued

SECURITIES ISSUED

Securities and Exchange Commission:! jEstimated gross proceeds, total mil. of doL.j

By types of security: !Bonds, notes, and debentures, total do

Corporate doPreferred stock doCommon stock do

By types of issuers:Corporate, total do

Industrial doPublic utility doRail doOther (real estate and financial) do

Non-corporate, total® doU. S. Government doState and municipal . . .do

New corporate security issues:Estimated net proceeds, total . . do

Proposed uses of proceeds:New money, total do

Plant and equipment doWorking capital do

Retirement of debt and stock doFunded debt doOther debt _doPreferred stock do

Other purposes doProposed uses by major groups:§

Industrial, total net proceeds . . .doNew money doRetirement of debt and stock do

Public utility, total net proceeds doNew money doRetirement of debt and stock do

Railroad, total net proceeds doNew money .doRetirement of debt and stock do

Commercial and Financial Chronicle:Securities issued, by type of security, total (new

capital and refunding) thous. of dol..New capital, total do j

Domestic, total do iCorporate . doFederal agencies doMunicipal, State, etc do

Foreign doRefunding, total do

Domestic, total. doCorporate doFederal agencies doMunicipal, State, etc do

Foreign doDomestic issues for productive uses (Moody's):

Total mil. of doL_ -Corporate do j -Municipal, State, etc *___do I-

Bond Buyer: IState and municipal issues: I

Permanent (long term) thous. of doL. j -Temporary (short term) do !_

1,093

1,080202

2152761

10918

878

1612

182160

5171

279

16600

601081296

244, 58041, 93641, 93626,9258,6706,341

0202, 645162, 645136, 33217, 950

8, 36340,000

SECURITY M A R K E T S

B r o k e r s ' Ba lances (N. Y. S. E. m e m b e r s car ry ingmargin accounts)^

Customers' debit balances (net) mil. of doL.Cash on hand and in banks doMoney borrowed doCustomers' free credit balances do

1,120

BondsPrices:

Average price of all listed bonds (N. Y. S. E.) .dollars. _Domestic doForeign do

Standard and Poor's Corporation:Industrial, utilities, and rails:

High grade (15 bonds) dol. per $100 bond_.Medium and lower grade:

Composite (50 bonds). . . doIndustrials (10 bonds). doPublic utilities (20 bonds) doRailroads (20 bonds) do

Defaulted (15 bonds) do. . . . IDomestic municipals (15 bonds)t do

U. S. Treasury bonds (taxable)t do |

730540

102. 58103. 1579.22

121. 9

117.6121. 9116. 5114.368.1

138.7101.8

8,541

8, 53389

52

97563190

8.4448,381

62

95

491831373241

219,88773, 42173,42162,616

010, 805

0146,466146, 46696,14624, 52525, 795

0

937

166326

20330

142293

73470925

199

3216

150129

3181

281414

1406

13429290

210, 24258, 04558,04545, 456

012,589

0 !152,196 I119,74377.535 !30,055 I12,15332, 454

30219

34,49169, 027

2564,

291712

740852

650370

100. 21101. 0373.39

120.4

113.6119.3115.8105.758.1

135.8100.1

820

630380

100. 32101.1174.45

120.5

113.7119.8115.9105.360.1

136.0100.3

916

804439616

1551222804

76173917

150

53242894551

383

118496628028000

234, 72979,99479. 99473, 464

06,530

0154, 735149, 235107. 63631, 46010,1405, 500

63

16, 93352,845

780

1,069

1,04512515

148875821

920751160

146

23176

12311535

85196558058 I220

1418,587••54,091>54, 091! 32.616! '605j 20,871

•'364,495r355,345184,091»• 32, 270,138,9841 9,150

33276

166,13820, 292

600390

100.31101. 1074.62

120.7

114.4121.0116.6105.559.0

135.8100.3

550400

100. 62101. 4175.29

120.9

114.7121.5116.0106.558.9

135.6100.2

12,109

12,097151

39

16360244534

11,94611,914

31

160

238

15135103

1813

1

581740240

2345

441

238, 98263,48142,48115, 3734,125

22,98321,000

175,501170, 251

78, 75483,0258,4715,250

199

10

37,39145,354

887196619424

100. 53101. 2676.32

120.9

114.5121.5115.9106.261.2

135.5100.2

2,353

2,3121522020

1921125921

C)2,1612,125

36

188

603624

122109

0136

109347058

55221210

274, 42070, 42568, 92557, 328

011, 5971,500

203, 995203, 795153, 917

27, 45522, 423

200

53458

32, 695122, 700

940

660420

100. 71101. 4075.50

121.3

114.7121.1116.3106.861.3

136.1100.2

897

882214

122

2296826

1350

668602

65

226

572433

166147

(°)193

66382726

(•)24

13419

115

331,720145,073145, 073105, 573

039, 500

0186,647186, 647140, 60820,31525, 724

0

935538

56, 7335,100

940

630410

100. 74101.4176.04

121.2

114.8120.9116.2107.357.3

136.5100.4

1,148

1,085375

549

43888

153191

6710692

18

429

271710

396357

138

5

851075

1495

139189

10179

478, 27141, 87441, 87429, 208

012, 666

0436, 397436. 397400, 71730, 0105,670

0

301713

23, 44128,199

940

640420

100. 61101. 29

75. 55

121.2

114.5120.1116.5107.055.5

136.2100.4

1,538

1,489686

3910

735191505

372

803695108

722

1239

114592566

224

7

18611373

4988

484382

35

898, 654177, 599177, 599130, 618

046, 981

0721, 055714. 055610, 53542, 37061,1507,000

561640

112,14968, 661

950

670430

100. 71101.3876.11

121.1

115.5119.9116.9109.659.1

135. 5100.3

1,441

1,410315

1813

34731

26253

11,0951,023

71

340

241113

316207

(a)109

00291612

2594

25552

448

479, 67039, 27039, 27022, 81610, 0906,364

0440, 401440, 401335, 89439, 42565, 082

0

17116

97, 4317,700

940

640430

100. 92101.6076.15

120.9

115.9119.9116.8111.161.7

135.2100.3

14, 732

14,685107

245

15418108342

14, 57914, 544

34

152

544

509696011

18125

100

10820

82

193, 29638, 23138, 23118, 681

019, 550

0155,065155,065114,10426, 71514, 246

0

25

48, 28819, 366

1, 583

1, 531229

3715

2818466

12110

1, 3021, 074

113

275

351421

210

190

822854650

65119

0119

633,2171 142,943135, 90042, 741

1, 505r 98, 697

0' 490,274• 490,274272, 280195, 460

T 22, 5340

1172790

115,726119, 334

1,041209726472

101. 35101.9776.33

1,090

730530

101,91102. 5177.27

121.4

116.9120.7116.8113.265.8

135.5100.3

121.6

117.3121.2117.0113.7

^68 .6' 136. 6

101. 0

Revised.« Less than $500,000.<g>Includes for certain months small amounts for nonprofit agencies not shown separately§Smail amounts for "other corporate", not shown separately, are included in the total net proceeds, all corporate issues, above.^Complete reports are now collected semianmially; except for June and December, data are estimates based on reports for a smaller number of firms.fRevised series. For an explanation of changes in the data on security issues compiled by the Securities and Exchange Commission and revised 1941 monthly averages for selected

series, see p. S-18 of the April 1943 Survey; there have also been unpublished revisions in the January-July 1943 and January-May 1942 figures and in the July-December 1942 figuresfor U. S. Government and the totals that include this item (July-December 1942 figures for other items are correct in the August 1943 Survey); all revisions are available onrequest. The price index for domestic municipals is converted from yields to maturity, assuming a 4 percent coupon with 20 years to maturity; revised data beginning February 1942are on p. S-19 of the April 1943 Survey; earlier data will be shown in a later issue. Revised data beginning November 1941 for the price series for U. S. Treasury bonds are shownon p. 20 of the September 1944 issue.



Unless otherwise s ta ted, stat ist ics th rough 1941and descriptive notes may be found i n the1942 Supplement to the Survey

1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

FINANCE—Continued

SECURITY MARKETS-Continued

Bonds—Continued

Sales (Securities and Exchange Commission):Total on all registered exchanges:

Market value __thous. of doL.Face value do

On New York Stock Exchange:Market value doFace value do

Exclusive of stopped sales (N. Y. S. E.), facevalue, total thous. of dol..

U. S. Government doOther than U. S. Government, total-..do

Domestic..- .doForeign do

Value, issues listed on N. Y. S. E.:Face value, all issues mil. of doL.

Domestic doForeign do

Market value, all issues doDomestic doForeign do

Yields:Bond Buyer:

Domestic municipals (20 cities) percent..Moody's:

Domestic corporate doBy ratings:

Aaa doAa doA doBaa do

By groups:Industrials doPublic utilities doRailroads do

Standard and Poor's Corporation:Domestic municipals (15 bonds) do

U. S. Treasury bonds:Partially tax-exemptf --doTaxable! do.._.

Stocks

Cash dividend payments and rates, Moody's:Total annual payments at current rates (600 com-

panies) mil. of doL.Number of shares, adjusted- millions..Dividend rate per share (weighted average) (600 com-

panies) dollars^.Banks (21 cos.) doIndustrials (492 cos.) doInsurance (21 cos.) . doPublic utilities (30 cos.) doRailroads (36 cos.) do

Dividend payments, by industry groups:*Total dividend payments.. mil. of doL.

Manufacturing doMinings _.doTrade doFinance doRailroads doHeat, light, and power doCommunications doMiscellaneous do. __

Prices:Average price of all listed shares (N. Y. S. E.)

Dec. 31,1924=1OO_.Dow-Jones & Co. (65 stocks) __dol. per share

Industrials (30 stocks). doPublic utilities (15 stocks) doRailroads (20 stocks) do

New York Times (50 stocks) doIndustrials (25 stocks) do.Railroads (25 stocks) do

Standard and Poor's Corporation:Combined index (402 stocks) 1935-39=100..

Industrials (354 stocks).__ doCapital goods (116 stocks) doConsumer's goods (191 stocks) do

Public utilities (28 stocks) doRailroads (20 stocks) _do

Other issues:Banks, N. Y. C. (19 stocks) doFire and marine insurance (18 stocks) do

Sales (Securities and Exchange Commission):Total on all registered exhanges:

Market value thous. of doL. 1Shares sold thousands.. |

On New York Stock Exchange: 1Market value thous. of dol._ 1Shares sold. thousands..

Exclusive of odd lot and stopped sales (N. Y. ITimes) thousands..

156,187226, 548

143,104201,689

191,747395

191.352177,92213,430

111,995109, 329

2, 667114,882112,769

2.113

2.93

2.652.732.943.41

2.692.953.16

1.752.38

851. 69941.47

1.972.821.912.571.802.63

139.761.6

1.07.6

24.0

35.0.1

2.5

77.858.64

157.1327.9050.39

110. 96183. 3038.63

113.0115. 2103.6121.096.8

125. 3

113. 3124.6

,259,44260, 376

,040,41141,887

32,613

228, 798428, 754

215,113411,040

354, 781292

354,489347,657

6,832

96, 63293, 7872,845

96,83894, 7502,088

1.65

3.10

2.742.833.103.72

2.832.983.49

1.85

1.932.49

1, 752. 58941.47

1.862.811.792.671.812.29

' 138. 4' 59. 9

' . 97.3

' 26 46.7

'32.9.1

'4.2

64.148.56

135. 9722.8037.5994.10

159.3528.86

94.495.886.698.986.996.1

98.5112.1

668,97331,409

564, 77522, 509

17,101

i

185, 281307,972

169.339286,625

260, 533472

260,061249,255

10,806

95,40992, 5752,834

95, 71393,6042,110

1.65

3.09

2.742.823.103.70

2.832.973.48

1.84

1.912.48

1, 761. 55941.47

1.872.811.792.541.812.40

r 361. 7' 224.2

' 22. 1' 23. 0r 22 4

14.2'31.8'"14.4' 9 . 6

65.349.99

139. 0723. 6039.2897.02

163. 8730.18

96.698.288.1

102. 388.498.7

100.7113.9

980,39946, 916

831, 57534, 932

27,643

144,881221,137

133,606206, 364

191,157400

190, 757180, 68010,077

95,01392,1812,832

95,30593,1922,114

1.69

3.08

2.742.823.093.68

2.832.973.45

1.85

1.942.48

1, 763. 92941.47

1.872.811.802.541.812.40

' 307. 4' 131.4

' 4 . 1' 16.4' 45. 7

17.2M0. 2

46.4' 6 . 0

64.349.26

137.1922.7239.0096.06

162. 2729.86

95.196.586.5

100.987.397.3

113.6

562,81626,370

472,16419, 682

13,847

166, 046234, 544

153,442218, 886

213, 749915

212, 834204,161

8,673

93, 27290,4422,830

93,84991,7192,130

1.65

3.06

2.732.813.073.63

2.812.973.41

1.86

1.942.49

1,818. 36941.47

1.922.811.882.541.802.42

'118.4' 66.9

1.0' 4 . 1

' 11.01.4

' 31.2' . 2

' 2 . 6

67.449. 85

139. 2222.7439. 3696. 95

164.0429.88

97.299.087.8

103.687.899.3

100.7113.3

686, 23729, 409

578,18321, 633

17, 228

184,358296,029

169,220267,881

243,784436

243,348231, 087

12, 261

95, 72992,9292,799

96, 23594,0992,137

1.64

3.05

2.732.813.073.59

2.792 963.'40

1.87

1.912.49

1,818.13941.47

1.932.811.882.541.802.42

' 460. 7' 264. 6'43.4' 25. 7' 30. 8' 37. 3'32.7

14. 5' 11.7

70.251. 85

145. 4623.4740.58

101. 46171. 8831.04

101.5103.992.7

110.289.6

100.8

103.9112.3

1,159.17959,069

997,80545,854

37, 713

170,406258, 532

158,655243, 004

193, 748503

193. 245182, 523

10, 722

101, 55998, 8562,703

102, 285100, 244

2,041

1.59

3.04

2.722.803.053.57

2.792.953.37

1.84

1.892.49

1, 817. 90941. 47

1.932.811.882.541.802.42

' 350. 5' 144. 3

' 3 . 9'17.6'78.5' 14.8'37.7

46.5' 7 . 2

69.253.03

148. 3723.9641.85

103. 34173. 5931.73

104.3106.796.1

113.191.3

105.3

106.7116.9

1,055,96353, 995

898, 47840, 055

28, 220

115,386164, 549

104,051149,718

137,613331

137, 282130,104

7,178

101, 58198, 8812,700

102. 329100|276

2,053

1.59

3.02

2.712.793.043.55

2.792.943.34

1.82

1.902.48

1,819.87941.47

1.932.811.882.541.802.42

' 133. 7'61.4

' 1.23.8

' 25. 97.9

'31.4.1

' 2 . 0

69.852.60

146. 7224.7441.12

102. 25173. 4231.09

102.7104.794.3

111.792.1

102. 5

106.2116.4

735, 30238, 820

610, 47727, 530

20, 753

100, 214143, 273

90,966131, 764

132, 211461

131, 750124,941

6,809

101, 39998, 7042,694

102, 01799, 9812,036

1.66

3.03

2.722.793.053.56

2.792.943.35

1.83

1.932.47

1, 822.01941. 47

1.942.821.882.541.802.42

' 379. 6' 239. 2'20.8'25.7'24.2

11.9'31.9'14.0'11.9

69.551.81

145. 2024.6739.75

100. 60171. 2429.97

100.7102.692.6

110.791.498.7

105.0115.5

623,09428, 275

518, 52120, 284

15, 946

141, 242197, 373

130, 747185, 232

166, 619247

166, 372160, 202

6,170

101, 08898, 4002,688

101, 80199, 7562,046

1.64

3.02

2.722.813.013.55

2.792.963.32

1.87

1.932.48

1, 833. 24941.47

1.952.821.892.541. 802.55

' 300. 4' 127. 5

4.7' 17.2' 48. 5' 12.8'38.1

46.5' 5 . 1

69.753.15

147. 6825.6141. 52

103. 03174. 7231.33

103.5105. 695.6

113.292.7

103.4

107. 3117.7

749,41133, 554

617,18723, 480

17, 534

139,318208,588

129,013196,075

196,864365

196,499189,948

6,551

100, 45097,7652,685

101, 37899, 3332,044

1.63

3.02

2.722.803.013.53

2.772.983.29

1.88

1.902.48

1,860.07941.47

1.982.821.922.541.802.56

' 129. 2' 70. 9' 2 . 9' 5. 4

'12.92.9

'31.9

70.353.11

146.8825.4542.11

102. 71173. 5231.89

102.7104.694.5

112.092.1

104.9

109.4118.0

742, 74631,371

617,30722,139

18,019

194,057308, 571

183, 545293,799

266, 532349

266,183257, 840

8, 343

111,116108,438

2,678112,621110, 577

2,044

1.62

2.702.762.983.49

2.742.963.25

1.87

1.872.48

237, 830411,818

223,579384,803

341,960788

341,172332, 366

8,806

111,885109, 219

2,667114,020111.959

2,060

1.53

2.97

2.692.762.983.46

2.732.973.23

1.81

1.812.44

843. 45941.47

1.962.821.902.571.802.56

' 794.8'451.4' 68. 5' 45. 8' 72.0'59.5'52.7' 16. 1'28.8

72.655.32

150. 3525.8046.34

106. 45177.3835.52

104.7106.496.0

113.492.4

113.9

114.6117.8

1,843. 52941.47

1.962.821.902.571.802.57

' 297. 1'98 .2

1.8'20.5'74.4

16.6'35.9' 45. 9' 3 . 8

73.857.11

153.9526. 5348.87

107. 79179.0736.51

108. 4110.499.4

116.393.8

120.7

114.4120.8

1,154,134 1,472,62451,026 69,879

977,806 1,238,351~~ — ' 51,20838,418

31,260 38, 995

Revised.*New series. Data for 1941 and 1942 for dividend payments are shown on p. 20 of the February 1944 issue. Revised data for January 1944 are as follows: Total, 285.1; manufac-

m Treasury bonds consists of all issues not due or callable for 15 years; revised dataturing, 92.7; mining, 1.4; trade, 17.3; finance, 74.0; heat, light, and power, 34.0; and miscellaneous, 3.2.

tRevised series. The revised yield series above and the price series on p. S-18 for long-tenhrough December 1943 are shown on p. 20 of the September 1944 issue.


S-20 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS April 1945̂


1945

Febru-ary

1944 1945


temberOcto-ber

Novem-1 Decem-ber I ber

Janu-ary

FINANCE—Continued

SECURITY MARKETS—Continued

Stocks—Continued

Shares listed, N. Y. S. E.:Market value, all listed shares mil. of dol_.Number of shares listed millions..

Yields:Common stocks (200), Moody's percent..

Banks (15 stocks) -doIndustrials (125 stocks) doInsurance (10 stocks) doPublic utilities (25 stocks) doEailroads (25 stocks) do.. _.

Preferred stocks, high-grade (15stocks)f Standard andPoor's Corporation percent..

59, 680'1.418

4.33.34.23.45.0.5. y

48,494 49,422 48,6701,492 ! 1,492 j 1 4 9 4

4.83.74.64.05.56. 7

4.06

4.83.84.63.75.56.9

4.04

670494

4.93.84.63.85.67.0

501964493

4.83.64.73.75.46.7

4.03 4.04

53,0681,493

4.63.54,43.75.26.6

3.98

52,4881,497

4.73.64.53.75.36.6

3.94

53,0771,499

4.73.54.53.75.26.7

3.96

52,9301,481

4.73.54.53.75.36.7

3.95

53,0871,481

4.73.54.53.65. 37.0

3.95

53, 5921,483

4.83.34.63.65.36.8

3.92

00.5321,492

4.63.34.53.75.26.1

3.S7

56, 5861, 4S6

4.63.34.43.65.26. 3

FOREIGN TRADE

INDEXES

Exports of U. S. merchandise: jQuantity 1923-25=100.. LValue do jUnit value do ;.

Imports for consumption:Quantity do..Value do..Unit value do.

235

103

VALUE

Exports, including reexports, total! thous. of do!.Lend -lease* do_...

Canada§ do . . .Latin American Republics§ do . . .

Argentina§ do___Brazil§ do . . .Chile§ do___Cuba§ do . . .Mexico§ do . . .

Exports of U. S. merchandiset doGeneral imports, totalt do.__

Canada§ do . . .Latin American Republics§ do . . .

Argentina§ _do_._Brazil§ do . . .Chile§ do . . .Cuba§ do . . .Mexico§ do

Imports for consumption} do . . .

885, 756660, 336

876,961321,178

327,287

270289107

1159583

1,107,040'900, 432117,99368, 7451,945

10, 4714,748

14,56217, 426

1,098,204r 313, 206106,084119,52613,51318,17715,71227, 26917,423

303,919

292309106

13211285

1,196,966951,445120,67599, 688

2,66129, 028

5, 20513,30121,481

1,187,293358, 715106,225162, 69516,60240,36412,73134,17522,913

357, 428

296318107

13111185

1,226,108986, 717123,17082, 5162,084

17, 3272,295

14.95624, 804

1.216,289359, 364124, 797142, 09511,06713, 98313,01151,01522, 275

355. 526

348379109

13611786

1,455,3971,193,139

132, 22385, 5892,680

14,0884, 529

11,38724,884

1,446,084385, 9SS120,818157,17913,39133, 65111,98039. 58118, 040

372, 210

305339HI

11810186

1,295,3361,035,397

131, 54195. 8702,338

14. 9515,206

16, 02225, 638

1.286,840330,280102, 952128, 360

11,94221,23413, 95233,10215, 359

322,061

290320110

1069086

1,197,188636, 478130,19782, 003

1,83914, 9494,656

13, 44219, 537

1,190,137293,184

90, 873126, 79318,41522, 810

7, 74533,01013,435

288, 696

276320116

11193

1,187,725927, 576133,13897, 832

1,67726, 7124,016

13,39723, 763

1,180,515302, 445121, 281131,315

17, 54524,44918,17927,57914,479

297,417

276319116

1048784

1,192,680953, 923116, 505

80, 7523, 242

13,9013, 353

11,74521, 639

1,186,502280. 365

99, 342101,05815,28221,65211,08824, 81513, 541

278, 503

259304117

122103

1,140,008893, 084

269316117

216248115

121 j10184 I

12410484

1,184,849901, 990

1,134,722327,187

933, 752683, 487

901,407649, 672

1,176,439321,922

925, 208336,082

894, 465'331.973

330, 278 323,779 332,721 -353,21

TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

TRAN SFORTATION

Commodi ty and Passenger

Unadjusted indexes:*Combined index, all typesf 1935-39=100.

Excluding local transit linesf do.. .Commodity f do.. .Passengerf do.. .

Excluding local transit lines do...By types of transportation:

Air, combined index do...Commodity do. .Passenger do...

Intercity motor bus and truck, combined index1935-39 = 100.

For-hire truck do...Motor bus do

Local transit linest do |Oil and gas pipe lines}- do !Railroads, combined index... do !

Commodity , do !Passenger do I

Waterborne (domestic), commodityt do.. .Adjusted indexes:*

Combined index, all typest--- do.. .Excluding local transit linest do.. .

Commodity do.. .Passengerf do.. .

Excluding local transit lines .do. . .By type of transportation:

Air, combined index do...Commodity do...Passenger .do__.

Intercity motor bus and truck, combined index1935-39=100.

For-hire truck _ doMotor bus do.

219225206260361

442641311

22020725717724024822641740

225232212265376

457641334

230214279

220226207265366

464674326

22521226818124624722441942

226233212272386

470674336

235218287

222228206276389

488662373

22019929018124424822344162

228235211281405

483662365

226203301

226233212272383

544731421

22320229218023925222942883

229237214279400

537731409

229206300

231237212288418

594791464

23520932118124925422746584

228235212281401

576791434

229207306

226234208287426

613797492

22619133817224625122346783

224230208111394

599797469

221195308

232241216286424

670884529

24121133917225025622946188

225232211272384

646884489

231211300

225238214260409

674874542

23621630317926125022544787

223r228'206111389

650874502

225206288

229236216272379

696910556

236223283183

' 26024822641787

222229206276

'391

687910=539

'228r209290

'225'231'211'275373

679917522

'235226275184

' 277241

'21841472

223'229' 206279394

696917

'549

'234'218286

213'217' 195272

' 378

647£06475

216'203'286' 185' 275229204

'424'46

216'221'200267

'373

679906528

'219'203'271 '

213216196266358

670948487

22421325718928222620340247

219223203269367

707948-547

237224

'Revised. t See note marked "*".* New series. For data beginning 1929 for the transportation indexes, see pp. 26 and 27, table 5, of the May 1943 Survey (small scattered revisions have been made in the data,

beginning 1940 for the series marked " t ' \ as published in the Survey prior to the December 1943 issue; revisions are available on request). See p. 22 of the February 1945 Survey forannual totals on lend-lease exports for 1941-44; monthly data prior to December 1943 will be shown later.

t For revised data for 1941 and 1942, see p. 22. table 4, of the June 1944 Survey.§ Revised security regulations now permit publication of data for Latin American Republics, Canada, and Mexico on a 6-month delayed basis; publication of totals for the selected

countries formerly shown in the Survey has therefore beenfresumed beginning in the August 1944 issue; revised figures for 1941 and data for January 1942 to May 1943 will be published!ater. Other country and commodity data formerly included in the Survey may be published only on a 12-month delayed basis.Digitized for FRASER


April, 1945 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS S-21


1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS—Continued

TR AN SPORTATION—Continued

Commodity and Passenger—Continued

Adjusted indexes*—Continued.By type of transportation—Continued.

Local transit lines 1935-39=100..Oil and gas pipe lines _ doRailroads do

Commodity doPassenger ...do

Waterborne (domestic), commodity— do

Express Operations

Operating revenue thous. of dol..Operating income do

Local Transit Lines

Fares, average, cash rate cents..Passengers carried § _ _..thousands..Operating revenuesf thous. of doL.

Class I Steam Railways

Freight carloadings (Fed. Reserve indexes):Combined index, unadjusted 1935-39=100..

Coal . .do. . . .Coke ..doForest products . doGrains and grain products do.. .Livestock doMerchandise, 1. c. 1 doOre .do. . .Miscellaneous .do

Combined index, adjusted! doCoal!-- do.. .Coket do...Forest products . d o . . .Grains and grain products! d o . . .Livestock! do.._Merchandise, 1. c. 1 _doOre! . d o . . .Miscellaneous! - d o . . .

Freight carloadings (A. A. R.):^Total cars__, . thousands.

Coal d o . . .Coke d o . . .Forest products d o . . .Grains and grain products d o . . .Livestock . . . d o . . .Merchandise, 1. c. l._ d o . . .Ore . - _. . .do__.Miscellaneous. . . . d o . , .

Freight-car surplus and shortage, daily average:•Car surplus thousands_Car shortage d o . . .

Financial operations:Operating revenues, total thous. of doL

Freight — d o . . .Passenger d o . . .

Operating expenses . d o . - .Taxes. joint facility and equip, rents© _do . . .Net railway operating income©—_ . d o . . .Net in comet d o . . .Operating results:

Freight carried 1 mile mil. of tons.Revenue per ton-mile cents.Passengers carried 1 mile millions.

Financial operations, adjusted:!Operating revenues, total ..mil. of dol.

Freight d o . . .Passenger . d o . . .

Railway expenses _ doNet railway operating income. . . d o . . .Net income __ d o . . .

Operations on scheduled air lines:Miles flown . thous. of miles.Express carried . . thous . of lb .Passengers carried number .Passenger-miles flown thous. of miles.

Hotels:Average sale per occupied room _ dollars-Rooms occupied percent of total-Restaurant sales index 1929=100.

Foreign travel:U. S. citizens, arrivals number .U. S. citizens, departures ._.do-._Emigrants - d o . . .Immigrants - d o . . .Passports issuedcf d o . . .

7.8115,221,355

130139188128117976442

14213913917813311912166

168152

3,05067159

16016754

39546

1,499

1316

712, 806536,821125, 857499, 643131,84073,163

88173

14, 819

173226253230428

69

19, 28270

7.8004199,288104, 398

133'148

1911401451086448

138'142'148

18014614813567

193147

' 3,154'724

61174208

61405

55' 1,466

157

735, 305551, 442135, 881492,094155,992'87,214r 46,038

63,101.930

7,275

774.5575.7145.9671.4103.165.9

8,5084,079

254,199125,089

3.84QQoo

165

7,6805,178

3022,251

11, 587

179239252228439

68

20,168249

7.80041,307,703112, 238

1321401871411251036751

14214014018514113613167

174149

3,135684

5917618258

42255

1,499

192

797,029596,953147, 759527, 433177,09292,50453,653

66,960.953

7,823

781.6577.5149.9690.191.553.4

9,5054,776

293, 523142,834

3.7768OO

167

9,6365,346

4532,1259,772

17824125622946065

19, 88873

7.80041,262,124110,450

1351411861411081076816814413814119014112312067

' 195146

4,0698507421719475537214

1,910

230)

759,534561,093146, 583509,004162, 85687, 67448,033

64,450.9317,973

780.1574.0152.1688.791.453.9

9,9024,323

318,560155, 412

4.0988184

10,2055,253

3142,3702,309

17924425823245167

20,78379

7.81431,297,900114,290

1411471881461131066728114513814719014012811867195144

3,4467115918116060422318

1,534

241

804,056600,069150,076526,767178,78398, 50559,020

68,376.9347,979

778.8573.3152.2687.791.262.6

11,2364,536

369,649181,038

3.6988178

12,2066,749844

2,2098,396

18225725322844765

20,61378

7. 81431,252,900110,940

1441481911541371006629114713914819414813512467187143

3,4457106018318055410328

1,520

261

799, 475585,128159, 584518, 467181,18799,82261, 337

65, 695.9488,405

153.7700.7108.170.6

11, 6745,331

389,017193, 289

198

11, 7107,925735

2,39110,195

18025624922543463

20, 22275

7.81431,228,600109, 500

1471431881571721026630215114314319415614412466189150

4,3618387223629569505412

1,934

17

593, 829162,198525,057185, 348

57, 362

66, 754.9508,706

803.5601.5149.2705.997.659.0

12, 7705,756

441, 712211, 704

82193

16, 4988,283487

2,49915, 855

17926024722542168

20,83874

7.81431,216,000109,190

1461461781621411156828115114214618515513112168188149

3,5807105720320364427324

1,593

123

836,183617,348162,070538,489196, 329101, 36660, 346

68,454.958

781.3579. 5145.0710.371.029.7

13, 5556,730

476,808227,351

3.7789214

16, 2978,221619

3,19910, 094

241216434'70

21,69275

7.81981,231,800109,007

15014718114814215170

27615813914718213712611467

184146

4,42886269222241100534379

2,022

104

799,229591,104152,971521, 264188,83889,12655, 545

65,065.9678,067

789.9581.4154.0709.880.140.1

13,5706,149

464,536225,472

4.1689194

16,6118,307458

3,26112,163

182'26524221743371

22,092123

7. 81981,312,500114,836

1481431781401471846923715613714318213314712066153143

3,59969557173208104435272

1,654

818, 737612,020146,369539,157182, 23497,34659,822

67, 679.6597,790

791.2584.7150.0709.581.743.3

14,5966,763

497,664239,022

4.0490

194

15,1368,091

7163,246

10, 694

184••274

239213439

73

22,82675

7.81151,275,000

111, 457

1441431811351471707013815514114318113815013568153149

3,3666655616320493424176

1,585

11

5

780,672585,432140 288524, 450164, 64491,57963,506

63,203983

7,468

788.5587.2147.1697.291.353.5

13,9426,202

455,726217,388

4.0788

192

14,8147,016

4583,402

10,302

••180r 268'232

208'416

' 6 9

26, 953

7.81151,333,343119,633

128127175120126124654114213712716613513412868133151

3, 699755671812198849958

1,833

143

756,858555, 810146, 412555, 775131,49969, 58441, 474

61,107971

7,908

780.3586.2144.1711.369.0

'29.8

13, 651' 6. 449414, 992204, 513

3.9683174

15, 5238,101490

2,79413,111

27023020754777

23,18371

7.81151,316,500115, 270

132141185128128115634014314314117614212812066161157

3, 002661561501766338345

1,467

149

751,337558, 874139, 243530, 232148, 08873, 01639, 048

766. 4566. 9145. 3673. 293.254.4

14, 2906,850

430, 233209, 239

3.9790174

13, 434r Revised. 1 Less than 500. o*Includes passports to American seamen. ^jData for April, July, September and December 1944 are for 5 weeks; other months, 4 weeks.§Data cover 186 companies; for 1943 data for 188 companies comparable with 1941 and 1942 figures on p . S-21 of the April 1943 Survey see p . S-22 of the April 1944 Survey.JRevised data for January 1944, 47,691. Other revisions for 1942-43 are shown in notes on p . S-21 of the November 1944 and subsequent issues of the Survey.!The indicated seasonally adjusted series for freight carloadings have been shown on a revised basis beginning in the October 1943 Survey, and for financial operations of railroads

beginning in the June 1944 issue (see those issues for periods affected); all revisions are available on request. Beginning in April 1944 Survey, revenue data for local transit lines coveralf common carrier bus lines except long-distance interstate motor carriers; revised monthly average for 1942, 86,667; 1941, 66,695; 1941-42 monthly data available on request.

* New series. For data beginning 1929 for the transportation indexes, see pp. 26 and 27 of the May 1943 Survey (small scattered revisions have been made in the indexes for localtransit lines, oil and gas pipe lines and waterborne transportation, beginning 1940 as published in the Survey prior to the December 1943 issue; revisions are available on request).

• Data for freight-car surplus and shortage are daily averages for weeks ended within the month. Comparable data for January-September 1943 for surpluses, shown only for thelast week of the month prior to the December 1944 issue of the Survey, and for the new series on shortages are shown on p. S-21 of the December 1944 Survey.

© Revisions for January 1944: Taxes, joint facility and equipment rents, $151,661,000; net railway operating income, $84,998,000.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis



1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS—Continued

TRANSPORTATION—Continued

Travel—Continued

National parks, visitors number..Pullman Co.:

Revenue passenger-miles ___ _. .thousands..Passenger revenues. _ thous. of dol..

COMMUNICATION S

Telephone carriers:Ôperating revenues _ thous. of dol._

Station revenues . -doTolls, message- do

Operating expenses doNet operating income doPhones in service, end of month. . . .thousands..

Telegraph and cable carriers:§Operating revenues, total thous. of doL.

Telegraph carriers, total doWestern Union Telegraph Co., revenues from

cable operations thous. of dol_.Cable carriers -do

Operating expenses doNet operating revenues _ .doNet income trans, to earned surplus _do

Radiotelegraph carriers, operating revenues .do

22,! 20,101

2,242,58712,415

156,23886,97656,970100,56519,07424,067

16,04414, 742

1,0421,30211,9372,235785

1,251

26,363

2,570,78013,828

161,80789,00160,775104,09520.09324.094

17, 65516, 111

1,1251,54512,7972,9811,1221,295

35,809

2,475,17313,381

158,69187,84758,578101,61519,40024,085

16, 76415,350

1,0361,41412,5152,413769

1,201

50,990

2,301,96412,992

162, 26088,74161,054104,58419, 42724,147

17, 54316,016

1,0281,52713,5442,097733

1,346

90, 304

2,344,94913, 291

161, 29788, 47360, 313103, 39919, 37124,161

17,07215,654

9511,41813,0791,913699

1,376

192, 694

2,321,04712,893

159, 38586, 43060, 313105, 02118, 96424,183

16, 42915,091

9381,337

13, 407965530

1,386

174, 076

2,339,03613, 247

164,16987, 70963, 852105, 61719, 97224, 231

17, 20215,805

9351.397

13, 3651,940830

1,397

114, 622

2,406,23713,403

161, 35287, 65460. 920104. 97319, 35624, 264

16. 51515,163

9411,352

13, 0931,515714

1,368

69, 816

2,414,80813,672

166, 85790, 40563,110105, 48520, 66324, 303

16, 943i5,668

1,0411, 27413,0332,029848

1, 552

34, 705

2,249,62712, 790

165, 24489,91662,179105,08119, 98724, 340

16,21814, 876

1,0121,34112,8661, 4831, 6911,657

21, 230

2,240,87512,909

171,04491,08866, 396117,03623,34824, 382

17, 76716,190

1,0851, 57713,1042,4381,3631,766

20,075

2,282,40713,445

17,12015,651

9641,46912,9172,2651,0141,675

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

CHEMICALS*

Ammonia, synthetic anhydrous (100% NHs):Production ..short tons.Stocks, end of month _do

Calcium carbide (100% CaC3):Production _ _do._.Stocks, end of month do . . .

Carbon dioxide, liquid, gas, and solid (100% C0s):OProduction thous. of lb.Stocks, end of month. _ do . . .

Chlorine:Production short tons.Stocks. end of month _ -do . . .

Hydrochloric acid (100% HC1):Production -do_-.Stocks, end of month _ do . . .

Hydrogen, production mil. of cu. ft.Nitric acid (100% HN0»):

Production short tons.Stocks, end of month- ._ _ do.-.,

Oxygen, production mil. of cu. ft.Phosphoric acid(50% H3PO4):

Production short tons.Stocks, end of month- do . . .

Soda ash, ammonia-soda process (98-100% NaaCOs):Production, crude short tons.Stocks, finished light and dense, end of month..-do.-_

Sodium hydroxide (100% NaOH):^1

Production doStocks ,end of month do

Sodium silicate: •Production short tons.Stocks, end of month. ._ do . . .

Sodium sulfate, Glauber's salt and crude salt cake1

Production short tons.Stocks, end of month do . . .

Sulfur:Production -long tons.Stocks, end of month -do

Sulfuric acid (100% H2SO4):Production short tons.Stocks, end of month _ d o . . .

Acetic acid: JProduction-.. thous. of lb .Stocks, end of month do.._

Acetic anhydride:Production -do . . .Stocks, end of month- _ .do . - .

Acetylene:Production -thous. of cu. ft.Stocks, end of month do.._

Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin):Production. thous. of lb.Stocks, end of month d o . . .

44, 7566,766

92,0665,978

33,6713,110

40,0676,825

51,12814, 285

331,95293,748

146, 2551 65,229

42,9634,559

65,02124, 847

60,68711, 708

101,3758,398

r 29,1252,9421,899

38,1537,9611,482

61,887•• 12,455

363,87529,639

147,38851,353

43, 2422,884

68,79427,108

70, 31816, 546

108,5246,572

' 29,9752,4282,090

36, 5097,5341,637

65,484r 15,030

399,75827, 210

158,974'45,900

43,1912,834

69, 32429, 605

70,24123, 488

106,8357.942

' 29,607r 3,133

2,061

38,1616,8871,552

' 58, 754r 12,885

385,08534,049

157,08950,477

42, 3083,766

67, 48129, 707

83, 48722, 570

109, 4159,053

r 31, 4512, 5752,068

38,9687,0471,556

r 60, 526' 14, 647

393,82332, 209

158, 286' 46,869

40, 0712,488

63,04329, 643

86, 67615, 997

104,6416, 414

' 31,1702,5331,879

39,2756,5551,490

r 56, 743r 15, 636

371, 75435,959

152,106r 45, 713

42, 9273,614

64,13128, 484

90, 06011, 202

106, 6576,028

32, 3253,1261,998

38,9746,7951, 505

r 58, 529r 15,067

373, 92141, 737

159,40350, 646

44, 9313, 579

65, 68530, 043

90,6979,005

104, 0744,812

31,5192,9022,102

38, 4716,1891,582

52, 255' 14, 438

368, 83336, 445

156, 66351, 761

45, 2922, 764

62,59131,078

84,9639,437

102,1905,023

32,1313,1622,085

39,3495, 9051,568

52, 039«" 14, 360

365, 36238, 260

152,147r 49, 821

49,1134,802

67, 80731, 706

76,1349,108

103, 5174,966

34, 4543,2612,075

41,9555, 7951,551

52, 48712,892

379, 47237,113

153, 9291 59, 226

49, 7215, 0G4

65, 80632, 705

65, 2259,397

101,9995,059

35,1063, 5902,114

42, 5716,2491,530

' 54, 62611,684

374, 45339, 725

155,2191 57, 479

50, 8336,120

63, 71330, 382

58, 7478,940

107,0656,500

T 34,346' 3, 751

2,086

41,3287,3801,497

r 58, 237'12 ,973

368. 58858,161

•166,0291 63,932

49, 8637,409

103,9538,127

35,1553,004

40, 8767,027

51,26413, 378

365,71876, 658

161,1001 64, 204

806,078265,002

62, 52971,430

186,5684,302,437

737,107292,719

27,1749,514

38,7209,922

463,72611,333

764815

65,17872,930

229,7994,251,744

760,848278,088

31, 00910, 472

41,68610,245

483, 54511,114

881

69,89577,698

271,9034,244,827

743, 807287,962

27, 92010,324

41,96311,534

469,49013,170

676 I596

70, 41877,421

278,7514,200,031

765,922266,448

28,66310, 731

41,64812, 026

463,20011, 790

819961

66,62579, 800

280, 5454,168,394

722,000232, 213

26, 3039,156

40,04810, 867

452,46510,955

7441,012 1

63, 62983, 976

305,0644,154,349

742, 526218,811

' 25, 2547, 621

39,113

456,34711, 323

691972

68, 52679, 931

306,1464,161,012

767,413202, 785

26, 5317,594

41, 36111, 746

453, 64011, 386

738916

65,18577, 693

293, 9634,140,976

744, 944204, 393

25, 3318,513

40, 83812, 295

438, 82911,397

786929

67,83878,905

312,0604,110,395

814, 871213,457

27, 5729,281

42,08412,083

482, 40811,615

834819

68,10983, 735

293, 5")14,089,622

820, 958216, 230

29.99911, 235

42, 32712, 380

450,1659,966

774910

67, 49087,283

280,5804,100,320

853,254253, 479

27,9419,113

43,90012,108

450,991r 9, 910

846980

275, 7224,034,453

853, 930262,681

29, 52612,410

1,114

r Revised. J Not comparable with earlier data, see note marked " d V ©Revised; not comparpble with data shown in the Survey prior to the March 1945 issue.cfProduction figures represent total production of liquid material, including quantities evaporated to solid caustic. Stock figures represent stocks of liquid sodium hydroxide

only prior to October 1944 (comparable figure for October, 46,839); beginning that month they include stocks of both liquid and solid sodium hydroxide,• Data are being revised; the new data will be shown in a later issue§ Beginning 1943 data have been compiled on the basis of a new accounting system; available comparaDle data for 1942 are shown in footnotes in the September 1943 to April

1944 Surveys; 1942 data on the old basis, comparable with figures for earlier years, are available in the March and April 1943 issues.H Data for 3 companies operating outside of United States, included in original reports for 1943 to date are excluded to have all figures cover the same companies.* The new monthly series for sulfur are compiled by the Bureau of Mines and cover total production and producers' stocks of native sulfur (Texas and Louisiana have been the

only producing States since 1942 and the production figures are therefore comparable with the quarterly figures formerly shown). The new series for acetic acid, acetic anhydride,acetyl salicylic acid, creosote oil, cresylic acid, ethyl acetate, naphthalene and phthalic anhydride are compiled by the Tariff Commission; the other new chemical series are compiledby the Bureau of the Census. The monthly data for a number of the chemicals are reported quarterly only. For further information on these data, see note marked "*" on p. S-22of the November 1944 Survey; a more detailed description of the individual series and earlier data will be published later.

t Includes synthetic acetic acid and acetic acid produced by direct process from wood and from calcium acetate; statistics of recovered acetic acid are confidential and are notincluded.


1945 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS S-23


1945

Febru-ary

1944

Febru-ary- March April May June July August Sep-

tember October Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued

CHEMICA LS—Continued

Creosote oil:*Production ___thous. of gal-Stocks, end of month do . . .

Cresylic acid, refined:*Production _._ thous. of lb.Stocks, end of month.. . do . . .

Ethyl acetate (85%):*Production do . . .Stocks, end of month.. do . . .

•Glycerin, refined (100% basis):*High gravity and yellow distilled:

Consumption. do._.Production do . . .Stocks, end of month do . . .

Chemically pure:Consumption do . . .Production do._.Stock:, end of month do . . .

Methanoi:§Natural:

Production (crude, 80%) thous. of gal-Stocks (crude, 80%). end of month* do . . .

Synthetic (100%):Production.. _• do . . .Stocks, end of month* do . . .

Naphthalene, refined (79° C and over) :*Production thous. of lb.Stocks, end of month do . . .

Phthalic anhydride:*Production do . . .Stocks, end of month do . . .

Explosives, shipments. do . . .Rosin, gum:

Price, wholesale " H " (Sav.) bulk dol. per 100 lb_Receipts, net, 3 ports _.bbl. (500 lb.)_Stocks, 3 ports, end of month... do . . .

Turpentine, gum, spirits of:Price, wholesale (Savannah)f dol. per gal.Receipts, net, 3 ports bbl. (50 gal.).Stocks, 3 ports, end of month. do . . .

FERTILIZERS

Consumption, Southern States thous. of short tons..Price, wholesale, nitrate of soda, crude, f. o. b. cars, port

warehouses • dol. per 100 lb_.Potash deliveries short tons.-Superphosphate (bulk):f

Production . .doStocks, end of month . . .do

OILS, FATS AND BYPRODUCTS

Animal, including fish oil:Animal fats:|

Consumption, factory thous. of lb._Production doStocks, end of month do

Greases :jConsumption, factory doProduction... doStocks, end of month do

Fish oils:*Consumption, factory doProduction _ doStocks, end of month... . do

Vegetable oils, total:tConsumption, crude, factory mill, of lb._Production, crude doStocks, end of month:

Crude . .doRefined— do

Coconut or copra oil:Consumption, factory:t

Crude. thous. of lb__Refined do

Production:Crude t- do . . . .Refined do.._.

Stocks, end of monthtCrude.. doRefined , do

•Cottonseed:Consumption (crush) thous. of short tons..Receipts at mills doStocks at mills, end of month do

7,2148,719

36,053

7,0487,077

34,179

279287

5,8273, 743

34, 543

5.81

.81

1,078

1. 650

135, 378205,830390,736

62, 85445, 42599, 249

33,4581,791

183,062

370377

833411

12, 5665,681

14,0805,348

109, 6252,278

436156

1,067

14,47025, 681

3,7482,108

9,0164,729

5,8027,344

35,212

5,7099,766

4.0, 537

347233

5,4195,208

7,7692,783

9,6761,736

36,509

4.333.957

108,083

.77776

91,366

<• 1,166

1.65073, 693

692, 367954,414

134,029401, 403585,301

54,44063,481

109,999

16, 5842,006

195, 257

356

937495

21,4187,625

14,3817, 524

114,1993,348

332'72

14,61827, 241

3,7372,366

10,1766,030

6,3828,137

36,836

7,3709,079

43,942

363257

6,2705,939

8,1802,910

10, 3451,983

36, 282

4.733,927

92,878

.77358

86,473

1,225

1.65075, 727

664,538860, 606

142, 628346, 406740,435

58, 48757, 781

127, 707

14, 793767

183,271

361375

959522

19,6007,326

8,5877,063

122, 5343,260

26848

450

14, 43228,478

3,3432,155

7,6765,323

6,0797,636

37,948

6,7238,015

44,243

341310

6,3207,128

7,5792,604

10, 6081,780

35,461

4.686,151

79,813

.772,052

83, 597

694

1.65056.140

617,144776,990

122,161323, 984799,371

63,34357,073

135, 940

15,894705

170, 213

310304

952533

17, 3837,523

9,4616,960

116,9963,530

18624

13,99928,307

3,7822,016

8,2145, 397

5,8617,694

38,475

6,9228,281

44, 549

364312

6,6946,768

7,0771,786

10, 7142,404

38,158

4.927,919

78, 313

.777, 211

85, 536

376

1.65037,398

685,990839,121

129,998349, 799867,192

60, 43863,383

154, 656

16,3711,615

160, 227

314286

857527

17,1486,123

13, 4705,830

114,0993,392

13425

179

13, 72626, 361

3,2572,230

8,7726,571

7,45238, 588

6,5797,173

44,497

341331

6,5636,834

7,2951,357

2,90938, 564

5.6210, 32661,165

4,14782, 867

144

1.65081, 359

620,957872,025

113, 703308,435903, 454

58,03459,138168,949

15,89612,928156, 067

271270

845493

13,6335,369

17, 6525,334

119,2693,536

7434140

11, 76224,043

3, 5535,859

7,7716,135

6,2406,713

37, 590

6.3755; 501

42,411

315286

5,8385,496

6,3511,454

10,6442,954

37,645

5.529,876

57,190

.763,696

76,973

96

1.65065, 743

567,891874, 797

107,053263,085876,121

57, 43952,164

185,421

16, 28223,622

169, 906

237273

808427

13,2565,164

8,2674,755

113,0503,366

5534

119

12, 44318,880

3,4322,720

9,0746,766

7,6118,730

38,517

7, 0859,823

42,874

319240

4,8492,344

6,1231,972

10,6003,244

39,916

5.4810, 40653, 202

.793,745

77,131

147

1.65071,981

-•601.487'861J334

150, 650254, 417810,479

71,68552, 293

167,454

16,97624,857

176,846

283269

779359

19,0646,712

0)6,451

100,0133,293

100163182

11, 05513, 584

3.3692,242

7,7675,222

6,8148,745

38, 598

7,4707,785

40, 0.26

334201

5,4351,926

5,9791,815

10,6113,154

38,921

5.499,345

48, 609

.792,798

68, 675

295

1.65067, 511

r529, 229r 870, 437

139,595193, 700697,159

60, 44043,921

159, 946

18,98132, 688

196, 646

287311

791316

15,6136,654

0)5,953

103, 2972,457

354908735

M,C8112, 696

3, 4242,023

9, 6835.721

6,7929, 262

39, 443

8,8158,779

37, 423

382264

5,6711,851

5,9071,462

10, 7923,782

38,042

5.717,881

43, 512

.792,324

68, 222

254

1.65061, 296

«• 604, 519-•875,992

152,060204, 820598, 309

63,98745. 240

147, 824

24, 70052. 995

222, 733

341361

784294

15, 7946, 506

8, 3926,740

101. 2752,996

5231,3211, 534

13,48410,931

3,2791,095

10, 2664,873

6,23610,83440, 515

9,0847, 684

36,605

361260

6,3632,388

6,3942,535

10,4262,835

36,276

5.817, 755

36,657

.792,236

67, 320

477

1.65070,630

-•604,673-"879,452

137, 546268,802542,129

65, 46252, 410

136,001

28, 88625, 843

236, 552

378413

787305

15, 2536,268

11.8076,008

94,1522,714

615934

1, 852

14, 23410,712

3,0771,694

9,8526, 241

5,9827,587

39, 348

7,5488, 800

37, 237

r350-•272

5, 8512,382

6,2172,091

10,7791,749

32,863

5.816, 346

31,900

.791,929

66,759

551

1. 65079, 916

r 599,861r 887,921

118,906259,130538,508

59, 59849, 777

123, 245

30,53914,696

228, 228

371371

812353

14, 2765,827

13,0325,676

98,4122,640

528361

1,676

12, 5739,695

2, 6761,472

9,0276,873

6,4977,77438,005

7,7128,00836,089

317278

6, 4553,166

5,3812,099

10, 3201,51234,124

5.81

.79

1,189

1.650

672,881929, 575

135,755243,439467,490

73,17950, 275111,169

31,3477,293

214,442

396412

815397

14, 5378,756

18,7208,394

102,4962,372

576244

1,345

* Revised. 1 Data included in "total vegetable oils" but not available for publication separately. § See note marked " § " on p. S-23 of the November 1944 Survey.• Price of crude sodium nitrate in 100-pound bags, f. 0. b. cars, Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific port warehouses. This series has been substituted beginning 1935 for the series shown

in the 1942 Supplement; figures for August 1937 to December 1941 are the same as published in the Supplement; for data for 1935-36 and all months of 1937, see note marked " • " o n p.S-23 of the May 1943 Survey. Prices are quoted per ton and have been converted to price per bag.

JData for the indicated series on oils and fats revised for 1941; revisions for fish oils are shown in note marked"!" on p. S-22 of the April 1943 Survey; revisions for all other serieswere minor and are available on request. Data for 1942 also revised; revisions are available upon request.

*New series. For information regarding the new chemical series see note marked "*" on p. S-22 of this issue and the November 1944 issue.tRevised series. The turpentine price shown beginning with the April 1943 Survey is the bulk price; data shown in earlier issues represent price for turpentine in barrels and

NOTE FOR ASPHALT ROOFING, P. s-34.—Available data comparable with figures on p. S-34: Smooth-surfaced roll roofing and cap sheet—1943, Sept., 1,607; Oct., 1,680; Nov., 1641;Dec, 1656; 1945, Jan., 1,517; mineral-surfaced roll roofing and cap sheet—1943, Sept., 1,417; Oct., 1,528; Nov., 1,407; Dec, 1,330; 1945, Jan., 1,298; shingles—1943, Sept., 1,648; Oct., 1,766;Nov., 1,568; Dec, 1,396; 1945, Jan., 1,345. For data through September 1943 for an earlier series, see the November 1944 Survey and earlier issues (smooth-surfaced and mineral-surfacedroll roofing and cap sheet are shown as ready roofing and grit-surfaced, respectively, in the earlier series).Digitized for FRASER




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued

OILS, FATS, AND BYPRODUCTS—Continued

Cottonseed cake and meal:Production short tons..Stocks at mills, end of month d o —

Cottonseed oil, crude:Production __thous. of lb_.Stocks, end of month _ _._do—

Cottonseed oil, refined:Consumption, factory t d o —

In oleomargarine d o —Price, wholesale, summer, yellow, prime (N. Y.)

dol. per lb_.Production thous. of lb_.Stocks, end of month d o —

Flaxseed:Duluth:

Receipts.. thous. of bu_.Shipments d o —Stocks d o —

Minneapolis:Receipts d o —Shipments d o —Stocks do . . . .

Oil mills:{Consumption doStocks, end of month d o —

Price, wholesale, No. 1 (Minneapolis) dol. per bu_.Production (crop estimate) thous. of bu..

Linseed cake and meal:Shipments from Minneapolis thous. of lb_.

Linseed oil:Consumption, factory t d o —Price, wholesale (N. Y.) dol. per lb_.Production! thous. of lb_.Shipments from Minneapolis d o —Stocks at factory, end of month do_...

Soybeans:Consumption! thous. of bu_.Production (crop estimate) d o —Stocks, end of month d o —

Soybean oil:Consumption, refined! thous. of lb_.Production:

Crudet do . . . .Refined do

Stocks, end of month:Crude d o —Refined}: do . . . .

Oleomargarine:Consumption (tax-paid withdrawals) § doPrice, wholesale, standard* uncolored (Chicago)

dol. per l'b_.Productions thous. of lb..

Shortenings and compounds:Production - d o —Stocks, end of montht d o —Vegetable price, wholesale, tierces (Chi.).dol. per lb_.

PAINT SALES

Calcimines, plastic and cold-water paints:Calcimines-- thous. of doL.Plastic paints d o —Cold-water paints.-

In dry form--__f do—In paste form .o r interior use do___

Paint, varnish, lacquer, and fillers, total doClassified, total do . . .

Industrial do.._Trade d o . . .

Unclassified d o . . .

201,76794, 327

137,246157,802

104,081

.143131,046324, 250

()13

358

6957

1,324

2,1922,770

3.11

17,760

37,401(2)

42, 48916,260

239,754

13,709

37, 309

81,840

119,997104,199

86, 64749, 607

.165

131,87250, 346

.165

51.47746,49422,42924,0654,983

156, 507' 69,414

107, 555139,917

90,67219, 080

.140114,292341,191

18018

2,088

1822,771

4,66612, 7553.05

50, 760

45, 985.151

88, 20726, 820

305, 217

14, 749

38,119

83,127

123,88895, 780

133,418101,155

41,831

.16557, 363

118,32154, 742.165

10241

161434

45, 65541, 23320, 23620, 9974,422

128,01063,830

86,639113,470

86, 35418,991

.140105, 250361,285

252243

2,097

942267

2,102

5,09811, 0063.05

55, 500

51,994.151

98, 03738,160

340, 397

15, 266

35, 203

88, 041

129,867106,350

146,654112, 478

41,316

.16557,858

111,32056, 855.165

11338

185462

53, 65148, 58122,57026,0115,070

58,121

61, 26690, 969

90,48515, 497

.14078,619

353,927

1951,950

807129

1,610

4,1228,8253.05

47,160

44,906.151

79,18229, 460

361, 382

13, 227

30,958

81,435

112,85798,822

151,091129,077

35,157

.16544, 755

103,16461, 477

.165

10442

196502

51,06446,14620,85825,2884,918

62, 71749,345

43,43665,050

100,09213,728

.14066,363333,162

121805

1,266

614123

3,8709,1503.05

47,880

49, 575.151

74,13724, 360

308,077

12,506

27, 429

93, 620

107, 944107, 265

144, 287138, 226

31,844

.16544, 459

112,56965, 361.165

11948

233590

57, 26451, 63022,49729,1335,634

33,87737, 741

22, 54840,627

91, 70511,482

.14243, 871

294, 678

207567905

990152646

4,4967,0763.05

54,120

48,952.151

87, 72929, 400

335, 902

11,082

23, 712

86, 525

96. 298.95, 050

129. 373140, 714

26, 989

.16540,189

100,08959, 755.165

12437

252538

58,97052, 96423, 61729, 3486,006

25, 21327, 776

17, 96430,186

75, 74610, 911

.14325,138

241, 270

143466583

944147551

5,1235,9643.05

45? 600

45, 566.151

98, 64539, 960

320, 267

11,153

19, 250

72, 852

96,37988,179

134,000131,117

28,121

.16534, 720

93, 74563, 921

.165

43

216398

51, 70446,87821, 30525, 5734,825

44,33430, 353

29, 76229, 589

85, 29113, 755

.14330, 720183,448

271606249

2,540494582

4,5405,5413.10

44, 640

51, 379.151

87, 78345,180322,952

11,261

11, 260

97,856

97, 220108,807

106,858126,923

34,353

.16537, 665

130,29262, 331

.165

58

215459

58,71252, 93524, 94527, 9905,777

158,01460, 523

105, 40264,957

73, 59819,629

.14358,351164,802

805572496

4,409533

1,647

3,6616,2953.10

44, 640

49, 447.151

70,19234.800310,686

9,399

5, 214

90,827

82,86291,561

91. 502105, 252

.16551, 083

117.84156,802

.165

9541

196378

52,11046,74121,66125,0805,369

239, 58669,977

159,09794, 089

95,39324,116

.143111,825182, 570

1,393444

1,443

3,519290

2,651

3,3277,4563.10

42, 000

49, 431.153

' 63, 37029, 640

303,378

9,043

31, 748

89, 277

79,44986,197

78, 00772,845

56,496

.16557,182

122,18950,485.165

8544

174329

53.57148, 07123, 60124,4715,500

284,20173,674

190, 543125,483

105, 76623,318

.143146, 507220,122

5841,311715

999254

2,8427,6453.11

39, 240

47, 585.155

54, 27324, 960274,832

11,713

48, 785

89, 259

101,18982, 572

81,88251,068

53, 830

.16555, 272

133,02647, 627

.165

9339

137311

48,15243, 36521,37821, 9874,787

244,41777,085

164,171139, 528

83, 50222, 348

.143145, 640270, 767

65343436

44353

2, 494

2, 3646,8253.12

[ 23, 527

30, 540

47, 548.155

44,12622, 500263, 917

11.0971192, 86347,429

73,917

95, 85686,104

71, 26747, 592

52,407

.16552,424

111,34943,108

.165

264,55984,326

179,201159,993

105, 36126,331

.143150,878313,968

1322

371

13787

1,871

2,3064,8003.12

28,440

45,180(2)43,29120,340

252, 36fr

12,717

47, 765

78, 256

111,09891, 791

77, 80748, 229

59,430

.16559, 330

132,18648,688

.165

9038

126372

53, 66048, 26223,058-25,2045,398

ELECTRIC POWER AND GAS

ELECTRIC POWER

Production, totals - mil. of kw.-hr..By source:

Fuel ___doWater power .- ...do

By type of producer:Privately and municipally owned utilities doOther producers do

Sales to ultimate customers, total (Edison ElectricInstitute) mil. of kw.-hr..

Residential or domestic doRural (distinct rural rates) doCommercial and industrial:

Small light and power 1 doLarge light and powers do

Street and highway lighting _ _._doOther public authorities doRailways and railroads doInterdepartmental do

Revenue from sales to ultimate customers (EdisonElectric Institute) thous. of doL.

18,026

12,1135, 913

15, 5692,457

18, 806

13,1635,642

16,0032,802

16,6132,781

194

2,4719,420

204826638

80

277,657

19, 775

12, 7607,016

16,7023,073

16, 7672,688

172

2,4629,652

186853668

85

275,337

18,613

11,3197,294

15, 7522,861

16,2962,592

255

2,4139,319

16786360284

270,205

19,066

11, 8037,263

16,1492,917

16,2322,472

2,3499,522

155800583

83

267,136

18, 780

12,4856,295

16,0092,771

16, 2302,422

371

2,4539,509

14568956180

268,601

18,981

12,9945,988

16, 0142,968

16,0452,403

304

2,4749,395

149680565

76

265, 765

19, 766

13,9885,778

16, 5823,184

16,6542,401

432

2,5209,764

160736567

73

271,444

18, 702

13, 3035,400

15,8322,870

16,2382,483

358

2,5269,345

17472755273

270, 233

19,226

13,4535,773

16,3182,908

16,4602,547

373

2,5029,401

19377559376

270,931

19,153

13,4545,699

16, 2652,889

16,4772,685

242

2,5479,315

207791

273, 362

19,830

13, 6246,206

16, 8003,031

16, 9442,896

224

2,6429,481

220696 I708

78

279,633 I

• 20,28Q

• 13,822' 6, 457

17,384' 2, 895

r Revised. ° Less than 500 bushels. i December 1 estimate. 2 No quotation. Ûnpublished revisions for January-May 1943 are available on request.J Revisions have been made in the data for 1941 and 1942 for the indicated series on oils and oil-seeds- revisions are available on request.§ For July 1941-June 1942 revisions, see February 1943 Survey, p. S-23; minor revisions, July-December 1942, are available on request.c?1 For 1943 revisions for total electric power production sec p. S-24 of the January 1945 issue; January-October 1943 revisions for the detail are available on request. A small amount

o f electricity produced by electric railways and electrified steam railroads, included through December 1944, is excluded thereafter.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


and descriptive notes may be found in the1942 Supplement to the Survey

1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-

berNovem-

berDecem-

ber

1945

Janu-ary

ELECTRIC POWER AND GAS—Continued

GASfManufactured gas:

Customers, total ._.thousands._Domestic doHouse heating doIndustrial and commercial do.___

Sales to consumers, total mil. of cu. ft_.Domestic doHouse heating doIndustrial and commercial. do

Revenue from sales to consumers, total..thous. of dol_.Domestic doHouse heating doIndustrial and commercial do

Natural gas:Customers, total _. .thousands..

Domestic doIndustrial and commercial do

Sales to consumers, total ...mil. of cu. ft_.Domestic doIndl., coml., and elec. generation do

Revenue from sales to consumers, total-.thous. of dol..Domestic doIndl., coml., and elec. generation do

10, 4659,637379439

45,11019,02611,45214, 24240, 28623, 5057,879

8,8898, 255632

208, 86570, 856133,12173,07843,03229, 396

I

10,4319,614356447

46,11419, 35810, 84915, 53440, 23023,6067,5638,832

8,9358,290643

204,13668, 003131,30670,07141,40128,006

10,4109,580371446

44,02918,3829,50415,80338, 26123, 3225,9798,736

8,8798,239637

190, 33458, 215129,85663, 33236,18826,846

10, 5099,669382446

39, 70517, 5007,22414,68736, 27323, 6194,0778,401

8,9468,300643

173, 63542, 606127,41152,64527, 54824, 638

10, 5009,678366445

35, 25218,1502,98813,84034.01923,7552,2307,886

8,9198,294623

156, 40729, 379123,33944,11920,80922,889

10, 5649,754

351447

32, 08717,0471,775

12,95831, 54722,6671,3847,359

8,9738,337

633151,26624,689

123,14741,43018,15422, 766

10,6149, 801

353448

31, 386. 16, 221

1,47513, 46030,90121,975

1,2117,560

8,9558,335

618152, 67923,041

125, 56040,03016, 62722,950

10, 6099,787

369445

32, 58017, 4061,472

13,44232, 06722,889

1,3617,668

9,0038,377

624155, 66623,924

128,16240,77916,95323,403

10, 5789,743389435

36, 43018, 5313,35014, 23434,99824, 0952,6618,055

9,0438,397643

179,00730,094145, 64046, 60521,03825,153

10, 5759,736

400430

40,85417, 5538,090

14,86437,40223, 9074,6668,620

9,1628,478

682184, 21143,897

136,90756, 22828,57327,204

FOODSTUFFS AND TOBACCO

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Fermented malt liquor:|Production thous. of bbl_Tax-paid withdrawals do . . .Stocks, end of month do . . .

Distilled spirits:Apparent consumption for beverage purposes!

thous. of wine gal.Productionf._ ..thous. of tax gal.Tax-paid withdrawals! do . . .Stocks, end of months. do . . .

Whisky :fProduction do . . .Tax-paid withdrawals do . . .Stocks, end of month do . . .

Rectified spirits and wines, production, total!thous. of proof gal.

Whisky do . . .Still wines:f

Production thous. of wine gaLTax-paid withdrawals do . . .Stocks, end of month __ do. . .

Sparkling wines:fProduction do . . .Tax-paid withdrawals do . . .Stocks, end of month do__.

DAIRY PRODUCTS

Butter, creamery:Price, wholesale, 92-score (N. Y.)t dol. per lb._Production (factory)! thous. of lb_.Stocks, cold storage, end of monthc" do

Cheese:Price, wholesale, American Cheddars (Wisconsin)

dol. per lb_.Production, total (factory)! thous. of lb._

American whole milkf doStocks, cold storage, end of monthcf do

American whole milk doCondensed and evaporated milk:

Prices, wholesale, U. S. average:Condensed (sweetened) dol. per case..Evaporated (unsweetened) do

Production:Condensed (sweetened):

Bulk goods* thous. of lb._Case goodsf do

Evaporated (unsweetened), case goodsf doStocks, manufacturers', case goods, end of month:

Condensed (sweetened). thous. of lb . .Evaporated (unsweetened) do

Fluid milk:Price, dealers', standard grade. dol. per 100 lb._Production mil. of lb._Utilization in manufactured dairy products!---do

6,1065,328

2,3608,406

344, 514

1,3034, 907

330, 599

9,3627,719

.42392, 32031, 200

.23367, 45051, 720

127, 224117, 557

6.334.15

27, 5298,550

255, 500

6, 559122, 546

3.268,528

5, 652' 5, 532' 7,637

12,683'798

' 6,332r 388,336

0' 4. 460

' 374,487

' 5. 703' 4,801

' 4, 843r 6,742

' 124,882

108105742

.423105, 843107, 560

.23363, 04745, 737

171, 956144, 812

5.844.15

26,9069,435

209,751

6,134147, 285

3.248,6123,392

'• 7.462'"6,182'• 8,479

13.864'772

'• 7,090' 381,272

0r 5, 273

' 367,717

'•6,1155,093

' 5, 1618,219

' 116,396

202r 117

810

.423124, 83382,118

.23377, 64158, 222

150,198121,869

5.864.15

35,87811,800

266, 552

8,652150, 333

3.249,7654,042

' 6, 782'6,151' 8, 782

11,532' 752

' 6,050375, 402

0' 4,536

361, 980

' 5,620' 4, 578

' 5, 482' 6, 936

'-109,813

169120847

.423130, 56869, 276

.23388, 96568, 927

154,610125,097

6.224.15

45,08313,990

313,837

8,430180, 938

3.2410, 2404,399

' 7, 261'7,015' 8,585

12, 557733

' 7,182368,411

0' 5, 365355,261

f 6,0115,212

' 4, 345'7,701103,081

133106864

.423171, 46769, 663

.233116,051

94, 713162, 733137,244

6.334.15

61,77216, 500

412,315

12,968241,012

3.2411,9085.750

'8,171r 7, 374' 8, 862

11.909'663

' 6, 925361,560

0' 4,950348,646

' 5,9915,044

4,4817, 054

94, 313

17086

936

.423177,905103,164

.233121, 066102, 971203, 785167,173

6.334.15

60, 59216, 400

412, 500

15,023307,697

3.2312, 4985,956

8,0928,0748,637

12,627695

8,221353,900

05,930

341,137

6,6956,054

4,4126,362

88, 733

13485

985

.423153, 722138, 050

233104,94688,129

223. 254190,804

6.334.15

46, 21012, 600

358, 277

12,811321, 083

3.2311, 5705,138

8,2758,1008,240

14,64415,1519,784

361,063

13, 585• 5,610347, 868

8,1817,195

6,4107,176

82, 780

140122996

.423130, 547137,907

.23391,47776, 002

230, 332187,289

6.334.15

32,14711,650

312,000

10, 825291, 496

3.2410, 3224,390

7,6837,1278,293

13, 7493,7759,778

353,845

7655,753

340,971

8,8157,306

41,0746,640

92, 258

97120961

.423113, 354140,276

.23381, 50265, 797

186,208164,615

6.334.15

23,81610,475

275,176

9,584272, 613

3.259,3343,865

7,5616,7338,573

16, 0649,241

10, 830345, 511

06,113

333,144

10, 3358,846

135, 0997,524

144, 310

84132904

.423100, 332123, 596

.23374, 56059,672

164, 690148,416

6.334.15

18,3379,660

246, 652

7,404254, 721

3.259,0223,473

6,6976,2288,505

16, 4665,206

11,615337, 512

06, 335

324, 453

11,5169,668

56, 4787,840

156, 018

'81168818

.42385, 89790, 303

.23363,71948, 795

151,414138, 647

6.334.15

17, 9988,811

212, 362

7,125190, 465

3.268,372

6,1745,7018,429

18, 9902,206

10, 925330, 970

05,789

317, 404

11,5689,600

21, 2227,825

150, 263

85152739

.42387, 99360, 767

.23362, 52947, 704

144, 553131,379

6.334.15

22, 7768,620

229, 488

6,725143, 308

3.268,6583,045

6,2955,5278,608

28, 28111,116

350, 316

25,8585,523

336,092

11, 7289,579

.423' 99,003r 38, 926

.233' 67, 740'51,149

' 133,773' 124,627

6.334.15

23, 9489,550

252, 000

7,328131, 743

3.268,8923,370

r Revised. d*See note marked "cf" on p. S-27.t Reflects all types of wholesale trading for cash or short-term credit. Base ceiling price comparable with data prior to January 1943 shown in the Survey is $0.4654 through June 3

and $0.41% effective June 4, 1943; these are maximum prices delivered market; sales in market proper are at permitted mark-ups over these prices.1 August and September 1944 and January and February 1945 production figures include whisky, rum, gun, and brandy (whisky and gin included for September 1944 and Febru.

ary 1945 represent completion of beverage operations authorized during August 1944 and January 1945; the total production for beverage purposes in January and February 1945, in-cluding addditional spirits produced by registered distilleries for beverage purposes and production by industrial alcohol plants for beverage purposes was 46,308,000 and 7,746,000 taxgallons, respectively, and in August, at least 50,000,000 tax gallons (see February 1945 Survey for further detail for this month). Production figures for other months represent rumand brandy, the only spirits authorized for beverage purposes since October 1942 exept during August 1944 and January 1945. Stock figures exclude data for high-proof and unfinishedspirits which are not available for publication. For revised 1941 data see p. S-24 of the February 1943 Survey.

fData for manufactured and natural gas have been revised beginning 1929 and are not strictly comparable with figures shown in the October 1944 and earlier issues; all revisionsare available on request. Revisions for consumption of distilled spirits for beverage purposes for January 1940-July 1943 are available on request. Revisions in the 1941 and 1942monthly data for the other alcoholic beverage series not published in issues of the Survey through March 1944 are shown on p S25 of the April 1944 Survey; scattered revisions in the

se p e; sec note marked i on p. S25 of the February 1945 Survey for somilk in manufactured dairy products which has been revised for 1920-42; these revisions are available on request.

* Revised data for 1943 are shown on p. 13 of the March 1945 issue; see note marked "*" on p. S-25 of the February 1945 Survey regarding earlier data.




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ary

1945

Janu-ary

FOODSTUFFS AND TOBACCO—Continued

DAIRY PRODUCTS—Continued

Dried skim milk:Price, wholesale, for human consumption, U. S.

average ___ .dol. per lb_.Production, totalt thous. of lb_.

For human consumption!-. . doStocks, manufacturers', end of month, total do

For human consumption do

FRUITS AND VEGETABLESApples:

Production (crop estimate) . . .thous. of bu_.Shipments, carlot no. of carloads..Stocks, cold storage, end of month thous. of bu_.

Citrus fruits, carlot shipments no. of carloads..Frozen fruits, stocks, cold storage, end of month

tbous. of lb_.Frozen vegetables, stocks, cold storage, end of month

thous. of lb..Potatoes, white:

Price, wholesale (N. Y.) dol. per 1001b..Production (crop estimated thous. of bu_.Shipments, carlot __.no. of carloads..

GRAINS AND GRAIN PRODUCTSBarley:

Prices, wholesale (Minneapolis):No. 3, straight _ _ dol. per bu_.No. 2, malting _ do

Production (crop estimate)! thous. of bu..Receipts, principal markets.. doStocks, commercial, domestic end of month do

Corn:Grindings, wet process _ doPrices, wholesale:

No. 3, yellow (Chicago) _ dol. perbu. .No. 3, white (Chicago) do . . . .Weighted average, 5 markets, all grades _do

Production (crop estimate)! thous. of bu_.Receipts, principal markets _ doStocks, domestic, end of month:

Commercial . doOnfarmsf do

Oats:Price, wholesale, No. 3, white (Chicago) _dol. per bu_.Production (crop estimate)! thous. of bu..Receipts, principal markets doStocks, domestic, end of month:

Commercial.. ..doOn farms!-- _ do

Rice:Price, wholesale, head, clean (New Orleans)

dol. per lb. .Production (crop estimate)! thous. of bu_.California:

Receipts, domestic, rough bags (1001b.)..Shipments from mills, milled rice doStocks, rough and cleaned (in terms of cleaned),

end of month .bags (100 lb.).Southern States (La., Tex., Ark., Tenn.):

Receipts, rough, at mills..-.thous. of bbl. (1621b.)..Shipments from mills, milled rice

thous. of pockets (100 lb.)---Stocks, domestic, rough and cleaned (in terms of

cleaned), end of mo thous. of pockets (100 lb.)_Rye:

Price, wholesale, No. 2 (Minneapolis)...dol. per bu..Production (crop estimate)! thous. of bu. .Receipts, principal markets .doStocks, commercial, domestic, end of month do

Wheat:Disappearance, domestic! thous. of bu..Prices, wholesale:

No. 1, Dark Northern Spring (Minneapolis)dol. per bu__.

No. 2, Red Winter (St. Louis) .do . . . .No. 2 Hard Winter (K. C.) do . . . .Weighted av., 6 mkts., all grades. do

Production (crop est.), total!.._ thous. of bu__Spring wheat doWinter wheat .do

Receipts, principal markets doStocks, end of month:

Canada (Canadian wheat) _ doUnited States, domestic, totals ! - . . .do

Commercial doCountry mills and elevators! doMerchant mills doO n farms! do

0.13944,00043,10041,95540,970

4,47418, 65320, 233

'217, 859

124,484

3,059

"19,276

1.241.30

4,59926,070

* 10,432

1.151.26

36,275

22,487

(a)

"7,~616"

12, 837

(a)

569,195490, 353

446,146

379

1,562

2,697

1.23

22510,951

1.681.761.661.66

15, 311

328, 962

Ii7~446

0.14029,65028,80029, 71229. 435

3,65410, 50118,430

186, 067

153,820

2.830

24. 276

1.331.37

7,47613,910

10,932

1.15(°)1.13

31,492

21,860

C)

~~8~726'

10, 029

.067

738, 629488,173

378,998

575

980

2,511

1.23

1,57320, 509

1.65

52, 395

317, 615

115,870

0.14548,85047, 80040, 50440, 039

3,9135.436

21, 702

161, 643

130,315

2.794

1.351.38

6,21011,947

10, 358

1.06

157888"

14,1101,093,083

5,707

5, 438415, 576

.067

690, 228401, 656

424, 684

376

1,236

1,718

1.24

1,96321,148

272, 933

1.67()1.651.66

61,147

317, 434545,041123, 70066, 75996, 388

! 219,679

0.14561,65060, 22555,68454,870

3.1732,251

19, 713

130,906

106,176

2.625

20, 538

1.351.38

9,07911, 284

6,507

81.168,369

9,406

C)4,863

6,347

.067

414,119300, 737

399, 269

168

795

1,143

1.27

1,57322,977

1.68))1.641.67

51, 341

292, 508

123, 307

0.14681,95078, 77568, 39466,482

463908

21, 377

116,930

98,910

3.355

21, 683

1.351.38

8,3468,948

9,244

1.1315, 200

7,696

C)8,340

8,031

.067

464, 543321, 373

380,196

74

509

729

1.19

2,19521, 635

1.67()1.631.67

49, 552

261, 092

95, 640

0.14482,28579, 73575,49272,810

1820

17, 517

129,494

114,455

3.056

27,694

1.351.38

7,8506,923

9,449

()1.13

22,065

11,819561,181

7557

6,5473185,293

.067

590,470573,966

191,378

124

458

1.12

66420,150

228, 986

1.631.611.561.61

57, 404

265, 7513 316,0553 82,9123 29, 7123 67, 3083103,742

0.14469,85067,45079, 25875, 844

8620

12,730

214,460

138,772

3.744

15, 517

1.311.35

11,1348,261

9,258

C)(•)1.14

14,607

12,392

.77

77684

4,440

.067

264,815275, 232

102,421

37

301

193

1.13

51518,052

1.611.571.521.55

101,057

267, 628

170, 786

0.14253,10051, 30066, 52763, 594

993261

11,216

246,472

166,355

4.116

18, 847

1.231,31

22, 92117,620

10,125

()C)1.14

11, 468

10, 296

.73

23,669

13, 213

.067

143, 465154, 521

48,047

442

220

427

1.12

87515, 664

1.541.551.511.52

68, 894

266, 402

200, 736

0. 14442, 350• 41,00059, 34256. 660

4,8308,4377,739

298, 059

178, 394

3.960

26, 313

1.121.30

21,51526,032

9,411

()C)1.11

12,311

7,4783206,621

.64

20, 356

17, 328950,861

.067

84, 69257, 482

44, 313

1,288

1,110

1,207

1.03

1,15514, 728

303,333

1.541.581.531.52

62, 836

284,1181,091,369199, 475199,441137,818532,270

0.14236, 85035, 77549, 89247,373

12, 26530, 35812, 959

301, 590

186,984

3.101

24,086

1.151.31

17, 61231,421

10, 557

1.14

1.08

16,165

5,469

13,522

17, 377

.067

899,123156, 354

499,366

4,073

1,826

3,608

1.15

1,09013, 221

1.611.691.611.56

55, 675

323, 297

184, €

0.13830,85030,00039, 28336,781

8,31634, 95115, 395

291, 2C4

182,623

2.988

20, 939

1.161.31

14,32333, 728

11, 200

1.091.281.02

39, 388

13,682

8,105

16, 674

.067

602,864300,102

620,139

3,641

2,331

5,047

1.13

1,17613,021

1.641.711.591.60

39, 832

330,633

166, 705

0.13937, 57536, 80039, 80137, 873

6, 67032, 68623, 600

268, 407

166,910

3.156379,43620, 756

1.201.30

284. 42610, 095

30, 886

11,064

1.14(a)

1.013,228,36131,291

11,698'2,145,520

1,166,3929,280

14,982750, 454

(a)

70, 237

394, 584316, 633

593, 10J

1,313

1,767

4,707

1. 141 25, 87263()12, 207

256, 629

1.641.741.621. 60

1,078,647

0. 14143, 47542, 35038, 71637, 342

r 5, 428r 25, 377' 19, 818

-- -m242,253

145, 622

3. 569

^227266

1.241.30

6,74127, 542

& 11, 252

1.151.271.01

47, 437

19, 591

.79

"77318

13,062

611,763416, 632

567, 268

699

1,710

3,819

1.23

52911,116

1.671.761.641.63

1314,57464, 07328, 629 T 19, 262

327,046 I 335,057834,740152,043 ! 133,905159,867 !113,560 i392,423 ••

r Revised. 1 December 1 estimate. « No quotation. * For domestic consumption only; excluding grindings for export.3 Includes old crop only; new corn not reported in stock figures until crop year begins in October and new oats and wheat until the crop year begins in July.1 The total includes comparatively small amounts of wheat owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation stored off farms in its own steel and wooden bins, not included in the

breakdown of stocks.!Revised series. The indicated grain series have been revised as follows: All crop estimates beginning 1929; domestic disappearance of wheat and stocks of wheat in country mills

and elevators beginning 1934; corn,, oat, and wheat stocks on farms and total stocks of United States domestic wheat beginning 1926. Revised 1941 crop estimates and December 1941stock figures are on pp. S-25 and S-26 of the February 1943 Survey; revised 1941 quarterly or monthly averages for all series other than crop estimates are given on pp. S-25 and S-2of the April 1943 issue, in notes marked " ! ' \ All revisions are available on request. For 1941 and 1942 revisions for production of dried skim milk, see p. S-25 of the March 194Survey and p. S-35 of the March 1944 issue (correction—total, Feb. 1942, 35,064); 1943 revisions are shown on p. S-26 of the March 1945 Survey.

-261943




1945

Febru-ary

1944

Febru-ary- March April May June July August Septem-

berOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary


GRAINS AND GRAIN PRODUCTS—Continued

Wheat flour:Grindings of wheats thous. of bu.Prices, wholesale:

Standard patents (Minneapolis)! dol. per bbl_.Winter, straights (Kansas City)§ do.. . .

Production (Census) :̂Flour .__ thous. of bbl..

Operations, percent of capacityOffal thous. of lb.

Stocks held by mills, end of month thous. of bbl..

LIVESTOCKCattle and calves:

Receipts, principal markets thous. of animalsShipments, feeder, to 8 corn belt Statesf ..doPrices, wholesale:

Beef steers (Chicago) dol. per 1001b..Steers, stocker and feeder (K. C.) . .doCalves, vealers (Chicago) do

Receipts, principal markets thous. of animals..Prices:

Wholesale, average, all grades (Chicago)dol. per 1001b..

Hog-corn ratiof-bu. of corn per 100 lb. of live hogs..Sheep and lambs:

Receipts, principal markets thous. of animals..Shipments, feeder, to 8 corn belt Statesf doPrices, wholesale:

Lambs, average (Chicago)- dol. per 1001b..Lambs, feeder, good and choice (Omaha) do

MEATS

Total meats (including lard):Consumption, apparent: mil. of lb_.Production (inspected slaughter) .doStocks, cold storage, end of month©^ do

Miscellaneous meats©^ - doBeef and veal:

Consumption, apparent thous. of lb..Price, wholesale, beef, fresh, native steers (Chicago)

dol. per lb..Production (inspected slaughter).. .thous. of lb..Stocks, beef, cold storage, end of month©cf do

Lamb and mutton:Consumption, apparent. doProduction (inspected slaughter) doStocks, cold storage, end of month©cf do

Pork (including lard):Consumption, apparent doProduction (inspected slaughter) .do

Pork:Prices, wholesale:

Hams, smoked (Chicago) ..dol. per lb.Fresh loins, 8-10 lb. average (New York) do . . .

Production (inspected slaughter) thous. of lb..Stocks, cold storage, end of month©^. do . . .

Lard:Consumption, apparent do . . .Prices, wholesale:

Prime, contract, in tierces (N. Y.) dol. per lb.Refmed (Chicago) do . . .

Production (inspected slaughter) thous. of lb.Stocks, cold storage, end of month cf1. .do- . .

POULTRY AND EGGSPoultry:

Price, wholesale, live fowls (Chicago) .dol. per lb.Receipts, 5 markets thous. of lb.Stocks, cold storage, end of monthcf .do . . .

Eggs:Dried, production * do . . .Price, wholesale, fresh firsts (Chicago) X- dol. per doz.Production .millions.Stocks, cold storage, end of m o n t h s

Shell _..thous. of cases.Frozen thous. of lb.

MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PRODUCTS

Candy, sales by manufacturers thous. of dol..Coffee:

Clearances from Brazil, total thous. of bags..To United States do

Price, wholesale, Santos, No. 4 (N. Y,)...dol. per lb . .Visible supply, United States. . . . thous. of bags..

Fish:Landings, fresh fish, principal ports thous. of lb . .Stocks, cold storage, end of month. do

6.556.30

1,95172

15.1213.0014.88

2,013

14.7013.2

1,64377

16.0013.83

1,311660

29

.200632, 564132,730

71,11916,433

607,032

.258

.258480,460369, 654

(a)

.14691,81368,136

.26018,917

184,152

14,134.349

4,786

52485, 392

38, 775

951831

.1341,380

46,441

6.556.49

10,20973.3

1,72271

14.9112.9514.00

4,769

13.5011.4

1,587

15.8613.27

1,5472,0211,618

152

544, 565

.200584,953279,654

62,02764,16932,251

940,6211,372,196

.258

.2561,017,973792,113

98,822

.139

.146259,054361, 508

.25022,999

220,863

26,037.334

r 5, 398

2,00898, 597

34,836

846.134

1,470

18,071 18,11951, 438 69, 857

46,020

6.556.42

10,12664.7

793, 6594,141

1,79173

15.1213.0614.00

4,764

13.9411.5

1,57194

15.8413.25

1,6721,9891,684

144

593, 516

.200609,671293,971

72,94166, 55721,659

1,005,2421,312,673

.258

.252970, 921791,867

145, 920

.139

.146249,020432, 339

.25018, 728

168,478

31,981.321

6,763

4,453148, 557

37,623

955786

.1341,233

--27,41752, 969

40, 972

6.556.33

9,03861.9

701,802

1,73484

15.0412.7614.00

3,932

13.5311.3

1,46566

15.9413.09

1,5001,7461,706

135

567,800

.200546,898270,994

61,37858,68316, 723

870,4251,140,100

.258

.255836,825784,801

123, 621

.139

.146221,830498, 235

.25521, 779

130,044

32, 056.311

6,978

6,963218,032

32, 356

1,6161,127.134966

32, 49751, 545

41,984

6.556.25

9,24361.2

728, 569

2,01074

15.4412.8414.00

4,161

12.9111.0

2,455118

15.0412.37

1,6131,8361,650

133

593,052

.200566, 583243,508

69,36568,33514,479

950,1051,200,891

.258

.255871,665769,138

182, 625

(°).146

240,789490,281

.25028,982

122, 729

34, 579.308

6,704

9,632292,445

31,062

1,207955

.1341,472

' 47, 88869, 672

41,360

6.555.98

9,09560.2

713,9023,423

2,030106

16.0611.6514.00

3,862

12.6611.0

2,70490

14.55

1,6091,7541,531

77

597,293

.200556,169207,400

68,78069,00014,616

942, 9011,128,596

.258

.255811, 276803, 357

155,005

().143

231,877420, 301

.21938, 578130, 817

32, 712.3325,437

11,335354, 223

28, 266

742563.1341,235

' 49, 60688,842

2,219105

16.0610.9313.60

3,231

13.2510.9

2,563103

13.19

1,6681,5541,250

72

645,730

.200575, 794168,446

73,47971, 59512, 721

948,907906, 752

.258

.255649,075646, 499

154, 814

C).138

188,897342, 450

.22842, 059141, 654

31, 272.3484,631

9,351388, 547

23,461

731607.1341,609

52, 483109,841

2,681236

16.0711.5013.75

2,704

14.3211.5

2,765382

13.5112.71

1,6341,57296965

709,042

.200704, 481161,486

73,00675, 46915,027

852,196791,913

.258

.255582, 012478, 224

152, 400

().138

153, 220240, 298

23338, 688160, 689

34,149.3384,010

7,653371,627

29, 795

1,2471,039.1341,514

46, 585123,255

46, 463

6.556.26

10, 23570.1

795, 7833,469

367

15.7811.3414.66

2,304

14.4211.7

3,421770

13.5112.43

1,4761,42678453

713, 631

.200690,170143, 530

78, 76280,11416, 069

683, 753655, 519

.258

.257503, 292359, 023

95, 010

C).138

111,344168,251

.22846, 753187,959

25,000.3683,515

5,427332, 505

34,860

1,123893.1341,778

43, 015131, 584

3, 587525

15.9511.5015.08

2,743

14.4912.2

3,732835

13.8412.36

1,6371,60564640

793,076

.200762, 573127,119

87, 69489, 67517, 882

756, 573752, 481

.258

.258586,853296,815

109, 644

().140

120,115118,072

.22762, 047244,075

23,946.3893,278

2, 905279,175

39, 043

1,185972.1341, 516

35, 891130,914

2,985376

15.7811.9614.81

3,390

14.1412.7

2,801420

13.8712.49

1,6431,715

61735

725,715

.200694,348114, 589

79,88781,06218,874

837, 517939,194

.258

.258728, 945318,055

125, 590

( ).146

152,95690, 536

.24262,046

268,128

16,835.423

2,998

1,045220,180

40, 214

1,215996

.1341,352

25, 746128,223

51, 287

6.556.24

11, 223* 73. 7

894,085

2,211170

14.8711.4914.75

3,365

14.1912.6

2,134169

14.1412.50

1,5891,761

67537

676, 618

.200658, 443107,171

79,08081,20020,183

833, 2681,021,414

.258

.258785, 370371, 393

105,039

C).146

171,92498,484

.24660, 236

269,021

10,610.418

3,387

411165, 933

37, 399

1,6451, 395.134

1,450

17,297 16,763111, 956 78, 813

2,372113

14.7112. 4014.75

3,361

14. 6612.9

2,297132

15.0212.99

1,5751,747rw699

34

680, 263

.200678, 745116,093

91,21190,263

r 18, 258

803,728977,737

.258

.258761,150

•407,202

128,966

(a)

.146158,069' 81, 494

.25533, 085

215,532

15,192.380

4,146

' 296r 98,985

40, 391

1,118957

.1341,418

' Revised. a No quotation. ^Compiled by the U. S. Department of Labor; see note in April 1944 Survey.§Prices since May 1943 have been quoted for sacks of 100 pounds and have been converted to price per barrel to have figures comparable with earlier data.fThe hog-eorn ratio has been shown on a revised basis beginning in the March 1943 Survey; revised data beginning 1913 will be published later. The series for feeder shipments

of cattle and calves and sheep and lambs have been revised beginning January 1941 to include data for Illinois; revisions are shown on pp. S-26 and S-27 of the August 1943 Survey.•New series; annual figures beginning 1927 and monthly figures for 1941-43 are shown on p. 20 of the March 1945 issue.©Miscellaneous meats includes only edible offal beginning June 1944; trimmings formerly included in "miscellaneous meats" are now distributed to the appropriate meat items.

The total includes veal, shown as a new item in the original reports beginning June 1944 (some of this veal formerly may have been included with trimmings in "miscellaneousmeats"), and also, beginning September 1944, data for sausage and sausage products and canned meats and meat products which were not reported previously; separate data for theseitems through December 1944 are given in notes in earlier issues; January and February 1945 data are as follows (thousands of pounds): Veal—January, 6,412; February, 6,409; sausageand sausage products—January, 19,013; February, 20,525; canned meats and meat products—January, 16,598; February, 17,423.

^Data relate to regular flour only; in addition, data for granular flour have been reported beginning 1943; see note in previous Surveys for data through December 1944. Granularflour data for January 1945: Wheat grindings, 2,886,000 bushels; production, 619,000 barrels; offal, 51,860,000 pounds; percent of capacity, regular and granular flour combined, 77.8.

cf Cold storage stocks of dairy products, meats, and poultry and eggs include stocks owned by the D. P. M. A., W. F. A., and other Government agencies, stocks held for theArmed Forces stored in warehouse space not owned or operated by them, and commercial stocks; stocks held in space owned or leased by the Armed Forces are not included.




1945

Febru-ary

1944


tember October

1945

Novem- Decem- Janu-ber ber i ary


MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PRODUCTS—Con.

Sugar:Cuban stocks, raw, end of month §

thous. of Span. tons...United States, deliveries and supply (raw value):*

Deliveries, total short tons - -For domestic consumption doFor export ---do

Production, domestic, and receipts:Entries from off-shore areas, total -do

From Cuba doFrom Puerto Rico and Hawaii— -doOther do

Production, domestic cane and beet doStocks, raw and refined do

Price, refined, granulated, New York:Retail dol. pe r lb . .Wholesale do

Leaf:TOBACCO

Production (crop estimate) mil. of lb..Stocks, dealers and manufacturers, total, end of

quarter.. _ .mil. of lb _.Domestic:

Cigar leaf.. doFire-cured and dark air-cured doFlue-cured and light air-cured -doMiscellaneous domestic. do

Foreign grown:Cigar leaf . -doCigarette tobacco do

Manufactured products:Consumption (tax-paid withdrawals):

Small cigarettes millions..Large cigars thousandsMfd. tobacco and snuff thous. of lb

Prices, wholesale (list price, composite):Cigarettes, f. o. b., destination dol. per 1,000..

Production, manufactured tobacco, total.-thous. of lb . .Fine-cut chewing do.Plug . do_Scrap, chewing do.Smoking do.Snuff -..do.Twist

1,386

496, 818473, 23923, 579

392,680340, 75238, 69813, 230

16, 673388, 62925,089

6,006

1, 580

•502,088•454.73147,357

342,127219,148107, 857' 15,12217, 441

1,436,889

.066,055

17,425388,95521, 339

6.00622, 288

3194,8594,1198,8453,649

2,480

586, 629549, 67136,958

439, 292301,821137, 216

25513, 455

1,294,536

.055

3,052

370275

2,3172

2859

19,956419,29122,002

6.00622, 922

3405,4954,1968,3803,923

588

3,097

524,064494,78829,276

493,084389,108103,936

409,087

1,336,492

.066

.055

3,164

588, 968544,40844,560

673, 458465,193207,1371,1284,001

1,347,503

.066

.055

18,778362, 40320,036

6.00620,903

3114,7063,6828,3523,338514

21,065399. 99223,968

6.00624,862

3655,2174,32310, 7203,675561

2,945

686. 001654,59231, 409

638,100418,773219, 206

1217,702

1,287,717

.066

.055

2,702

360253

1,9912

2768

21,166384,17123, 350

6.00623,848

3715,4064,5089,8353,199531

2,666

760, 031743, 81516, 216

437, 600270,188159,8217, 5914,377

972, 577

.066

.055

20, 278352,13121, 338

6.00622, 853

2884,6834,18710, 0923,122480 •

2,392

748, 282737, 66510, 617

489, 798273,140208,8087,85010,003

715, 572

.066

.055

22, 305418,20526,971

6.00627,978

3745,4965,04713, 2903,207564

2,181

662,419653, 5688,851

378, 550282, 04488, 3868,12049, 873464, 564

.066

.054

2,731

323231

2,0852

2465

20, 021391, 49225, 335

6.00626, 364

3494,8904,40712, 9443,231543

1,913

649, 792640,7069,086

455, 075376,11072,1726,793

391, 506642,165

.064

.054

19. 771411, 89428, 793

6.00630, 637

3485,3655,01515, 4913,809610

1,027

592, 731580,18612, 545

417,485353, 65657,0366,793

605, 5151,054,005

20, 554446, 32530,729

6.00632,168

3705,6874,72016, 9733,850

566

1,127

615, 732589, 50726, 225

462, 960357, 39687, 54818,016

325, 7391,226,474

(a)

.054

i 1, 835

3,046

298225

2, 4362

1,130

599,417559, 159' 40, 258

471, 258439, 05527, 6784,52553,617

1,147,957

(O.054

17, 826395, 49920,017

6.00627,039 I.

341 !4,776 |4,207 I13,934 i3,281 I.499 !

20, 077379, 42027, 519

6.006

LEATHER AND PRODUCTS

HIDES AND SKINS

Livestock slaughter (Federally inspected):Calves thous. of animals..Cattle doHogs doSheep and lambs do

Prices, wholesale (Chicago):Hides, packers', heavy, native steers dol. per lb_.Calfskins, packers', 8 to 15 lb . do

LEATHERProduction:

Calf and kip thous of skinsCattle hide .._ . . . thous. of hidesGoat and kid thous. of skins..Sheep and lamb.. ._. .^ . d o

Prices, wholesale:Sole, oak, bends (Boston)f dol. per lbChrome, calf, B grade, black, composite.dol. per sq. ft_

Stocks of cattle hides and leather, end of month:Total thous. of equiv. hides

Leather, in process and finished . doHides, raw. do

LEATHER MANUFACTURES

Boots and shoes:tProduction, total ~. thous of pairs

Athletic— doAll fabric (satin, canvas, etc.) - doPart fabric and part leather doHigh and low cut, leather, total do

Government shoes.. _ . . . . doCivilian shoes:

Boys' arid youths' doInfants' doMisses'and children's doMen's doWomen's. do

Slippers and moccasins for housewear doAll other footwear do

4421,1493,2671, 5C0

.155

.218

9252,3982,094

.440

.529

12, 0697,0645,005

4411,0437,3801,501

.155

.218

829r 2,057r 2,929

4,997

.440

.529

10, 6676,2864,381

38,047173

5,996840

26,4403,755

1, 6152,1982,7565,994

10,1234,045

552

5651,0577,1651.538

.155

.218

9262,2083,3234,867

.440

.529

10, 9546,3034,651

42, 212206

7,059940

28, 9623,924

1,5082,4783,3876,516

11,1494,475

570

555939

6,2901,378

.155

.218

8652,0832,6764,527

.440

.529

10,7086,3444,364

36, 854203

6,2251,093

24, 6353,564

1,3682,2002,9885,3049,2114,179

518

541989

6,6431,694

.155

.218

9522,2153,1324,564

.440

.529

10, 6746,4174,257

39,648198

7,0661,459

25,9034,189

1,3542,3043,0245,4999,5324,383

640

5941,0036,0951,823

.155

.218

9982,2333,1584,322

.440

.529

10,4136.3904,023

40, 682222

7,1841,355

26,8524,307

1,4052,4193,0625,7959,8634,542

528

6341,0794,7951,898

.155

.218

8022,0202,7113,765

.440

.529

10, 6686,7173,951

31, 774174

4,732995

21,6873,697

1,0512,0252,5624,4637,8883,870

316

7561,3394,1451,924

.155

.218

1,0292,2402,9014,807

.440

.529

10,8576,7904,067

41, 464217

6,0731,257

27, 4354,738

1,2602,6663,1535,373

10, 2456,162

320

7531,3103,5212,003

.155

.218

9402,1982, 7354,328

.440

.529

10, 9126,9114,001

38, 786209

5,0611,047

26, 2624,474

1,3232,4832,9745,0789,9305,936

271

9201,4514.2232,238

.155

.218

1,0062,2082,9004,520

.440

.529

11,1496,9334,216

40, 760256

4,604873

27, 8614,815

1, 3362,7283,1635,421

10, 3986,899

266

8741,3365,2582,013

.155

.218

9482,2742,7944,529

.440

.529

11,4097,0194,390

39, 507240

4,386762

26, 8294,671

1 3352,6762,9835,3469,8186,936

353

6691,2755, 6631,934

. 155

.218

8792,1582,465

r 4, 117

.440

.529

11, 6437,0504,593

35, 758227

4,483612

25,0004,385

1,1572,4182,8625,0429,1295,079

363

5601,2845 2992,073

. 155

.218

r 957r 2, 395

2.5434,427

440.529

r 11,978r 7,057r 4, 921

r Revised. i December 1 estimate. ° Not available.§ For data for December 1941-July 1942, see note marked " § " on p. S-28 of the November 1943 Survey.JData for June to December 1943 were revised in the August 1944 Survey; revisions for January-May 1943 are available on request.*The new series on sugar are compiled by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and replace the series on meltings and stocks at 8 ports shown in the Survey through the July

1944 issue; data are compiled from reports by cane sugar refiners, beet sugar processors, importers of direct consumption sugar, and continental cane sugar mills. Data representboth raw and refined sugar in terms of raw sugar. Data beginning 1934 will be published later.

t Revised series. The price series for sole oak leather is shown on a revised basis beginning with the October 1942 Survey; revisions beginning July 1933 are available on request.



Unlessand1942


throughfound in

1941t h e

1945

Febru-ary

Febru-ary

LUMBER

March

AND

1944

April May June July

MANUFACTURES

August Sep- Itembcr

Octo-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

LUMBER—ALL TYPES

National Lumber Manufacturers Assn.:!Production, total _mil. bd. ft-

Hardwoods do.-_Softwoods _do_-_

Shipments, total do . . .Hardwoods do..-Softwoods do . . .

Stocks, gross, end of month, total do . . .Hardwoods _ .do . . .Softwoods -do. . .

PLYWOOD AND VENEER

Hardwood plywood, production:*Cold press thous. of sq. ft,, measured by glue line-Hot press _ do . . .

Hardwood veneer:*Production thous. of sq.ft., surface area.Shipments and consumption in own plants do . . .Stocks, end of month .do . . .

Softwood plywood:*Production thous. of sq. ft., $£" equivalent.Shipments . . . d o . . .Stocks, end of month. do . . .

FLOORING

Maple, beech, and birch:Orders, new M bd. ft.Orders, unfilled, end of month do . . .Production do . . .Shipments.. . . . d o . . .Stocks, end of month do . . .

Oak:Orders, new _ do . . .Orders, unfilled, end of month .do . . .Production . do . . .Shipments do . . .Stocks, end of month _ do._.

SOFTWOODS

Douglas fir, prices, wholesale:Dimension, No. 1, common, 2 x 4—16

dol. per M bd. ft.Flooring, B and better, F. G., 1 x 4, R. L do . . .

Southern pine:Orders, new! —mil. bd. ft.Orders, unfilled, end of month!... doPrices, wholesale, composite:

Boards, No. 2 common, 1" x 6" and 8"fdol. per M bd. ft.

Flooring, B and better, F. G., 1 x 4f . . . do - - .Production! mil. bd. ft.Shipmentsf . .doStocks, end of month! do

Western pine:Orders, newf.. _ doOrders, unfilled, end of month! doPrice, wholesale, Ponderosa, boards, No. 3 common,

1" x 8" dol. per M bd. ft..Production! mil. bd. ft..Shipments! doStocks, end of monthf do

West coast woods:Orders, newf doOrders, unfilled, end of monthf doProduction! doShipments! _ .doStocks, end of month .do

Redwood, California:Orders, new M bd. ft..Orders, unfilled, end of month doProduction doShipments . .doStocks, end of month do

FURNITURE

All districts, plant operations percent of normal..Grand Rapids district:

Orders:Canceled percent of new orders..New no. of days' production..Unfilled, end of month.. . do

Plant operations -percent of normal..Shipments no. of days' production..

3,6758,5503,1002,8752,900

16, 38238, 24815,65615, 9574,696

33.81044.100

952

()585593

1,180

346362

34.73305368852

614993596614432

36, 49794,15531,05733, 03768, 566

' 2,413'544

' 1,869' 2,594'651

' 1,943' 4,075' 1,039' 3,036

155, 26777,855

763, 928762, 799515, 224

121,735118,02334,187

4,9009,0003,3503,4002,950

20,16229, 47714,02214,0847,334

33.81044.100

••6561,073

37. 63653.699

' 6 3 1'639

1,333

'429' 4 3 1

34.60' 318'405' 8 6 1

'7501,073'719'698

491

40, 063158, 09434, 61634, 22266, 558

60

' 2, 659'590

' 2,069' 2, 835'626

' 2, 209' 3, 932' 1,012' 2,920

169, 21081,568

839, 480847, 519516,806

136, 783137, 66932, 776

8,8503,5003,8002,650

13,65827, 26316,47915,8736,902

33.81044.100

'7471,111

39. 23454. 313'686'7091,310

'493'461

34.60'397'464'794

'8251,083'762'814460

47, 202166, 70740, 36536, 63670, 687

58

' 2, 654'571

' 2,083' 2, 756'631

' 2,125' 3, 845'961

' 2,884

149, 45568,540

746,102754,003513, 291

124,168125, 50630, 215

3,3608,8003,2603,5002,350

13, 23423, 94013,90514,8165,991

33.81044.100

'6391,047

41. 39455. 233'670'7031,277

'526'515

34.66'443'473'764

'7941,134'753'735485

32, 442161, 20837, 65336,85468, 759

58

' 2, 972'589

' 2, 383' 2, 911'687

' 2, 224' 3, 732'884

' 2, 848

157,06170,438

785,759789,832525,483

126, 798128,15730,131

3,2507,7004,0003,3003,050

16,28221,87616,43817,4914,938

34. 79044.100

'654

41. 39455. 233'737'7551,259

'564'529

34.91'612'552'824

'5851,073'788'678414

28, 724151,44741, 39039, 30168,128

56

' 2, 730'591

' 2,139' 2, 869'602

' 2, 267' 3, 794'881

' 2,913

153,63671,625

817,392805,604542,463

129,821132,16727,367

3,6507,3503,9503,9503,150

13,01019,42415,11615,4624,736

34. 79044.100

••749970

41.17255. 233'704'7251,238

'568'514

34.77'646'583

'6731,057'561'718440

38,162146, 60740,18137,81866,682

57

' 2, 740'652

' 2,088' 2,668'562

' 2,106' 3,880'958

' 2,922

144, 27666,828

766, 521774,719568,019

98, 76294, 76730,804

3,5507,8253,6503,0503,725

19, 39725,68713, 36113,1344,963

34. 79044.100

'712

41.17255. 233'702'7461,194

'524'502

34.70'612'538

'5461,006'567'594439

19, 305111,51832,48536, 21162, 216

54

' 3,107'735

' 2, 372' 2, 893'567

' 2,326' 4,051' 1,090' 2, 961

167,18480, 604

844,009850,483589,154

133,616132, 27430, 910

3,8257,8004,0753,0754,500

27,10732,19615, 94218, 2814,075

34.79044.100

'734887

41.17255. 233'742'7831,153

'578'468

34.64'685'613

' 1,033

'7841,075'704'692449

38, 51099, 79341,16138, 20259, 043

58

' 2,682'581

' 2,101' 2, 575'536

' 2,039' 4,185' 1,125' 3,060

154, 29268,671

758, 512778, 558592,612

124,989126,60630,487

2,7257,0753,7753,7754,750

17.63537| 16915, 79016,4644,095

34.30044.100

'634873

41.17255.480'654'6481,159

557504

34.52'573'521

' 1, 085

'6401,070'652'654482

34,653101,12139, 09234, 90162, 521

57

' 2, 686'598

' 2,088' 2, 617'571

' 2,046' 4, 241' 1,143' 3,098

153,16371,533

785,800808,669601,127

127,368126, 71731,351

3,9C06,5003,7754,3754,325

17,64436,84317,13517,9703,791

33.81044.100

'664876

'6611,164

496475

34.71'556'526

' 1,115

'604983

'652'656478

31, 20877,85140, 74735,34863, 521

58

' 2,429'544

' 1,885' 2, 455'558

' 1, 897' 4,177' 1,105' 3, 072

147, 50571, 762

762,116786,856603,668

127,192127,37131, 080

4,6757,3003,3754,0503,650

17,10036, 55417, 54717, 3893,949

33.81044.100

'545

41.172(2)'644'6121,196

417420

34.62'413472

1,057

'602926

'633'624475

26, 33070, 47837, 26533,04966,123

56

25

' 2,170'484

' 1, 686' 2, 267'490

' 1, 777' 4, 031r 1, 030' 3, 001

r 138,915' 65,652

'667,067'707,387'598,447

112, 028114, 774' 28, 268

3,6506,9253,3753,6503,325

15,13536, 92115, 41814, 7164,456

33. 81044.100

'668

41.172(2)'559'5681,187

378

34.61'367428997

'529884

'589'600470

29, 63170,18629, 56228, 87174, 311

53

2,133'3741,759' 2,373'522

'1,851' 4,037' 1,082' 2, 955

157,88179, 720

828,874869,833598,138

126,886123,96530,952

4,6257,9253,5253,6502,900

16, 75537,82316, 63015, 9055,197

33. 81044.100

676

)650649

1,188

394383

34.42306388915

735982638623495

53, 79590, 79734,53533, 51272,074

54

425845017

' Revised.*New series. The plywood and veneer series are from the Bureau of the Census and are practically complete. Data beginning September 1941 for softwood plywood are shown

on p. 16 of the September 1944 Survey; data beginning August 1942 and September 1942, respectively, for hardwood plywood and veneer are published on p. 14 of the November 1944issue.

t Revised series. Data for the indicated lumber series as published in the 1942 Supplement and in the statistical section of the monthly Survey prior to the present issue have beenrevised as follows: Total lumber stocks, total softwood stocks, and Southern pine stocks and unfilled orders beginning 1929; hardwood stocks, beginning 1937; Western pine new orders,unfilled orders and stocks beginning 1942; West Coast woods new orders, production, and shipments beginning 1938, and all other series beginning 1941. The revisions reflect largelyadjustment of the monthly series to 1941-43 annual data collected by the Bureau of the Census. Revisions through 1939 for total lumber stocks and total softwood and hardwoodstocks and through 1941 for other series are available in a special table on pp. 27 and 28 of the March 1943 Survey except that 798,000,000 should be added to the published stock figuresfor total lumber, total softwoods and Southern pine, and 111,000,000 to Southern pine unfilled orders (these additions are to carry back a revision to include data for concentrationyards); all revisions are available on request. The Census for 1942 and 1943 included many mills in the Eastern States not previously canvassed; this affects the comparability ofcurrent statistics with those for years prior to 1942 for Southern pine and for total lumber, total softwoods, and total hardwoods. U. S. Forest Service estimates of total lumber pro-duction for 1939-41, based on census data adjusted for incomplete coverage, and census total for 1942 are shown in the table on p. 22 of the February 1945 issue (revisions for 1943 and1944 totals in that table, 34,289 and 32,554, respectively. The revised price series for Southern pine each represents a composite of 9 series; for comparable data beginning August 1942see note at bottom of p. S-35 of the June 1944 issue.




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

METALS AND MANUFACTURES

5,0482,8832,1654,1731,4452,728

6,9830

30, 88926, 4454,444

791,395

97,15383, 74278, 788

4,911

23.5024.1724. 004,945

1,447

112,726170,35054, 55055, 01411,272

210, 18239, 121157,17625, 267

r 7, 204'89

. 026934.00. 021018. 75

1, 569

1, 8371,809

70

2,4171, 1743, 029

477

4, 940451506743199843109118259237348

.0358

97.362.3200. 3

r Revised. 1 Beginning 1943 data cover virtually the entire industry. ©Designated ''tin plate" prior to the July 1944 Survey but included terneplate.(^Beginning July 1944 the coverage of the industry is virtually complete,; the coverage was about 97-98 percent for September 1942-June 1944 and 93 percent prior thereto.§ Beginning; January 1945, percent of capacity is calculated on annual capacity as of Jan. 1, 1945, of 95,501.4*0 tons of open-hearth, Bessemer, and electric steel ingots and steel for

castings; clatn for July-December 1944 are based on capacity as of July 1, 1944 (94,050,750 tons) and earlier 1944 data on capacity as of Jan. 1, 1944 (93,648,490 tons).X Of the 99 manufacturers on the reporting list for Jan.l, 1942, 30 have discontinued shipments or these products for the duration of the war.• Beginning 1944 data represent net shipments (total shipments less shipments to members of the industry for further conversion) instead of net production for sale outside the

industry, as formerly. For 1912 data, except for April, see the October 1942 and July 1943 Surveys; for April data see note at bottom of p. S-31 in the September 1943 issue.* New series. For a description of the series on scrap iron and steel and pig iron consumption and stocks and 1939-40 data, see note marked "*" on p. S-29 of the November 1942

Survey; later data are available on p. S 30 of the April 1942 and subsequent issues. The new series on pig iron production is from the American Iron and Steel Institute and is approxi-mately comparable with data from the Iron Age in the 1942 Supplement (data in the Supplement are in short tons instead of long tons as indicated); see p. S-30 of the May 1943 Surveyfor further information on this series and data for 1941-42. The new pig iron price, f.'o. b. Neville Island, replaces the Pittsburgh price, delivered, shown in the Survey prior to theApril 1943 issue. For data beginning January 1942 on aluminum production see p. 24, table 6, of the June 1944 Survey. Data for aluminum fabricated products cover total shipmentsof castings, forgings, sheet, strip, plate, rods, bar, and other shapes, and are available beginning January 1942; data for gray iron castings are based on reports of foundries accountingfor about 98 percent of the total tonnage of the gray iron castings industry for January-November 1943 and 93 percent thereafter. Both series are from the War Production Board.

IRON AND STEELIron and Steel Scrap

Consumption, total* thons. of short tonsHome scrap*.Purchased scrap*

Stocks, consumers', end of monthHome scrap*Purchased scrap*

Iron OreLake Superior district:

Consumption by furnaces

dodo

total* dododo

thous. of lonsr tonsShipments from upper lake ports doStocks, end of month, total do

At furnacesOn Lake Erie docks

Pig Iron and Iron MCastings, gray iron, shipments*-Castings, malleable:tf1

Orders, new, netProductionShipments _. _

Pig iron:Consumption* . .Prices, wholesale:

Basic (valley furnace)Composite . . _

do.- do -

anufacturesshort tons

. . dodo

. . . do .

thous. of short tons

dol. per long ton. _ _ do

Foundry, No 2 Neville Islap^* ^ n

Production* thous. of short tonsStocks (consumers' and suppliers'), end of month*

t.hnns nf short. tnn<3Boilers, range, galvanized:

Orders, new, netOrders, unfilled, end of monthProduction ._ _.ShipmentsStocks, end of month

number of boilersdo

. dododo

Steel, Crude and SemimanufacturedCastings, steel, commercial:

Orders, new, total, net--- short tons-.Railway specialties fin

Production, totalRailwav specialties _

Steel ingots and steel for castingsProduction

Percent of capacity§-..Prices, wholesale:

Composite, finished steel

do. . do

thous. of short tons

dnT. DPT l hSteel billets, rerolling (Pittsburgh). ..dol. per long ton.Structural steel (Pittsburgh) . _ dol. ner lbSteel scrap (Chicago) dnl ner lnnsr ton

U. S. Steel Corporation, shipments of finished steelproducts. thous. of short tons

Steel, Manufactured ProductsBarrels and drums, steel, heavy types:^

Orders, unfilled, end of month _ thousandsProductionShipmentsStocks, end of month

Boilers, steel, new orders :AreaQuantity

. dododo

- thous. of sq.ft.-nnmhfirPorcelain enameled products, shipmentsX thous. of dol__

Spring washers, shipments doSteel products, production for sale:*

Total thnns nf «shnrt. tonsMerchant barsPipe and tubePlates- . . . _RailsSheets.-. ._Strip—Cold rolled

Hot rolledStructural shapes, heavy

. dodo

. . do-do

. . _ dodododn

Tip plate and terneplate© doWire and wire products dn

NONFERROUS METALS

Aluminum:Price, wholesale, scrap casting*Production:*

Primary -Secondarv recovery

Aluminum fabricated products,

AND PRODUCTS

3(N. Y.)-dol. perlb..

mil. of lbdo

shipments* -do

6,3710

24, 57720, 815

3, 761

79, 91378, 38575, 220

24.0024.7124. 504,563

6,65891

.027134. 00.021018.75

1, 562

7, 2511,6841, 698

51

1, 1391,0262,743

419

.0375

91.3

4,9442,8382,1065,5801,6133,967

7,2070

28,91024,3574,553

764,369

79,35274, 81273, 231

4,996

23.5024.1724.005,083

1,658

78,82578, 98280.51688,57320,867

173, 59227, 244

161,35927, 488

7,18897

.026534.00.021018.75

1,756

4,532'1,8541,862

52

1,005662

2,722376

5,208530483

1.07421675486

116337194349

.0462

148.8'47.4206.7

5,4063,0892,3175,4351,5983,837

7,6590

21, 33317, 6583,675

828,648

90,03881, 48081,215

5,378

23.5024.1724.005,434

1,650

83, 35976, 64982, 06685, 69217, 241

162,57536, 202

174,62630, 760

7,82099

.026534.00.021018.75

1,875

3,1791,9071,917

44

779703

3,046408

5,616554515

1,164226831

96133357223379

.0445

160.459.3

232.2

5,1852,9762,2095,3101,5603,780

7,2735,288

17, 89214, 9852,907

757,880

88,16969,82069, 360

5,161

23.5024.1724.005,243

1,636

62, 82867, 59374, 36571, 88419, 722

175,05344,140

155, 77827,822

7.58S99

.026534.00.021018.75

1, 757

3,3831,6101,610

41

853602

2,754350

5,211508496

1,07319776889

115319216347

.0425

155.660.9

'218.3

5,2452,9882,2575,3691,6073,762

7,55812,11421, 47418, 3563,117

790, 674

92, 28570, 55572, 279

5,218

23. 5024.1724.005,343

1,658

69, 56068,10666,10769,04716, 782

176,99337,807

161, 78329,974

7,69797

.026534.00.021018.75

1, 777

3, 4321,5391,531

49

1,155849

2,664379

5,313533521

1,042220790

97115318231369

.0425

152.959.9

r 221. 2

4,9952,8642,1315,3761,6133,763

7,11211,97526, 65523, 2893,366

763, 459

103,69270, 99371, 758

4,960

23.5024.1724.005.057

1,663

57, 96666, 27254, 90359,80011,885

181, 81628,147

157, 44430, 309

7,22994

.026534.00.021018.75

1,738

3,7671,5091, 518

40

1,608839

2,868382

5,164512504

1,01019276897

119298256363

.0425

132.855.9

187.9

4,9542.8642,0905,3431,5923,751

7,37212,90932,06928, 2373,832

689, 744

106, 62661, 32061,704

5,062

23.5024.1724.005,157

1,649

61,09969,63259,41657, 73913, 562

169,92119, 248

131,94024, 756

7,49394

.026534.00.021018.75

1,755

3,6491,4391,427

51

1,122728

2,870319

5,08249850696920176388

117300246337

.0425

135.1r 53.5199.6

5,0772,9312,1465,4441,6703,774

7,34212, 28837, 24332, 7274,516

778, 205

71,30774, 29770,172

5,159

23.5024.1724.005,210

1, 639

68, 00980, 69658,15456, 94514, 771

171, 30929,921

154,91131, 864

7,49394

.026534.00.021018.75

1,743

5,2761,6111,619

43

1,6491,0703, 152

361

5,159510518858195839

95121298238377

.0420

123.355.9

223.6

5,0082,8902,1185,3701,7153,655

6,95011, 32941, 94336,6845,259

744,954

49, 50274, 62872,821

4,893

23.5024.1724.004,988

1,617

51, 28876, 43254, 58955, 55213, 808

129, 84714,371

144,45827, 660

7,23094

.026534.00.021018.69

1,734

6,6661,3941,390

47

831757

3, 060347

5,157497510936214828

97121311204360

.0362

94.947.0

211.2

5,2463, 0992,1475,0801, 6353,445

7,32010, 59545. 34339, 5465,797

780, 453

76, 53680, 50576,882

5,108

23.5024.1724.005,200

1,590

74, 08583, 63769, 38966, 88016. 317

146,11616, 173

150, 71928, 949

7,61696

. 026534.00.021016.90

1,775

6,8241, 5751,565

57

904692

3,302383

5,184471501957214841

98127306205369

.0327

96.843.4

199.2

5,0702,9992,0714,7911,5283, 263

6,8834,672

44, 72239,2495,473

760,383

48,14979, 62977, 528

4,887

23.5024.1724.004,904

1,536

71,16391,61663, 02263,18416, 253

120, 66720, 937

146,41126,939

7,27494

.026534.00.021017.00

1,744

6,7421,6591, 665

52

914699

3,155414

5,161499512900204833100121312202354

.0317

88.948.0

' 208. 2

5, 0252,8842,1414,4251,4532,972

7,0900

37, 82432, 883

4, 941

741, 534

69, 97276,18776, 831

4, 959

23. 5024.1724. 004, 999

1, 492

76, 249112.638

52, 08956, 60611, 736

138, cm30, 259

144,16225, 680

7,-36193

. 026534. 00.021018. 69

1, 768

6, 7471,5841,594

41

925538

2,818464

4, 965474503819209802103113302234342

1

.0312

93.7M6.3165.1




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

METALS AND MANUFACTURES—Continued

NONFERROUS METALS AND PRODUCTS-Con.

Bearing metal (white-base antifriction), consumptionand shipments, totalf thous. of lb_.

Consumed in own plants doShipments - do

Brass sheets, wholesale price, mill dol. per lb._Copper:

Price, wholesale, electrolytic, (N. Y.) dol. per lb.Production:^

Mine or smelter (incl. custom intake)__short tons..Refinery .do

Deliveries, refined, domesticcf _ . . .doStocks, refined, end of monthcf do

Lead:Ore, domestic, receipts (lead content) cf doRefined:

Price, wholesale, pig, desilverized(N.Y.)--dol. per lb_.Production, totalcf. . . . .short tons..

From domestic ore<f doShipmentscf— doStocks, end of monthcf do

Magnesium production:*Primary mil. of lb_.Secondary recovery. do

Tin, wholesale price, Straits (N. Y.)__ dol. per lb..Zinc, slab:

Price, wholesale, prime, Western (St.Louis) _ -dol. per lb..

Productioncf .short tons..Shipmpntscf . . .do

Domesticcf-- doStocks, end of monthcf do

MACHINERY AND APPARATUS

Blowers and fans, new orders ..thous. of dol..Electric overhead cranes: §

Orders, new doOrders, unfilled, end of month doShipments do

Foundry equipment:New orders, net total 1937-39=100...

New equipment. .doRepairs do

Fuel equipment and heating apparatus:Oil burners:©

Orders, new, net number..Orders, unfilled, end of month doShipments doStocks, end of month „ _do

Mechanical stokers, sales:^Classes 1, 2, and 3 . . . do . . .Classes 4 and 5:

NumberHorsepower. _ __

Unit heaters, new orders thous. of dol..Warm-air furnaces, winter air-conditioning systems,

and equipment, new orders thous. of dol_.Machine tools:*

Orders, new, net doOrders, unfilled, end of month doShipments do

Pumps and water systems, domestic, shipments:Pitcher, other hand, and windmill pumps units..Power pumps, horizontal t ype . . . doWater systems, including pumps. . . do

Pumps, steam, power, centrifugal, and rotary:Orders, new thous. of dol_.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Battery shipments (automotive replacement only),number* thousands..

Electrical products :fInsulating materials, sales billed 1936=100..Motors and generators, new orders. do

Furnaces, electric, industrial, sales:Unit ..kilowatts..Value ._ thous. of dol..

Laminated fiber products, shipments doMotors (1-200 hp):

Polyphase induction, billings doPolyphase induction, new orders doDirect current, billings.. doDirect current, new orders do

Rigid steel conduit and fittings, shipments..short tons..Vulcanized fiber:

Consumption of fiber paper -thous. of lb._Shipments thous. of doL.

4,8861,1133,773.195

.1178

67, 42569, 950172. 58557,142

.065046, 61638, 69944, 21330,141

6.02.1

.5200

.082564, 72382, 85582, 650197, 427

8074,738

465. 3423.5612.9

4,914

22043, 325

58,024303,44536,018

3,326

5,9116,5355,2314,343

3,8251,272

5,485964

4,521.195

.1178

95, 71287,128

124,80036,489

37,155

.065048,30241,59151,36734,518

40.92.7

.5200

. 082579,89362,71661, 258211,201

4314,765943

456.8402.6648.2

7,53513, 9196,761

24,991

1,417

19241, 092

33, 419164, 53650,127

32, 632313

23,046

2,812

1.507

"•413' 243

7,685662

6,066

5,5394,8256,6224,3246,560

4,5051,290

5, 5431,3184, 225.195

. 1178

101, 24799,118156,08337,259

38,894

.065055, 32447,29455,44934, 379

41.03.6

.5200

.082586,03784,43183,104212,807

13, 236

4304,124870

498.4457.6642.6

5,78613,0926,613

23, 671

1, 793

20643, 0122,867

3, 774

40,950153, 56351,907

39, 431478

30,463

3,206

1,545

••442"352

9,041750

6,326

6,4345,7328,1014,5397,782

4,6531,393

5,6431,3534,290.195

.1178

92, 53095,280156,23338,382

35,951

.065050,15446, 25844,69039,830

37.82.3

.5200

.082580,40575, 21375,213217,999

5533,884

783

385.7322.2610.1

4,47112, 483.5, 080

22, 576

2,193

25252,299

55, 247167, 23241,370

35,897241

26, 726

3,912

1,297

' 404'311

16,0111,0555,895

5,9405,5327,1905,4177,747

4,1811,218

4,7741,1543,621.195

.1178

94, 53498,580165,88737,074

36,931

.065045, 90342, 66348,14237, 586

34.32.8

.5200

.082580, 49780,82580, 540

217,671

7663,841

810

503.9477.0598.8

4,97012,200

5, 25321,419

2,515

27951, 737

59,922185,74641,819

36, 701300

25, 299

4,815

1,324

393••434

20, 6081,3285,727

6,1996,3786,6549,9077,904

3,9531,240

5,2831,2184,065.195

.1178

89, 07093,958141,13942,467

34,255

. 065039, 75534, 41343,48533, 847

29.42.1

.5200

.082573,06765, 78565, 488

224, 953

13, 370

8224,032630

466.1426.8604.8

7,04912,6306,619

20,192

3,235

35257, 0072,591

4,761

49, 558194, 45041,471

29, 988262

28,126

3,096

1,368

408'346

11,156810

5,861

5,5575,9356,9946,6028,395

4,2731,276

5,1611,2293,932.195

. 1178

86,22493, 650121,89848,050

29,982

.065040,47133, 43442, 96631, 344

30.12.0

.5200

.082572, 94763,19363,193

234, 707

4733,837

663

375.8327.5546.4

5,65313, 3414,942

18, 996

3,293

37070, 453

31, 889191,29532, 753

26,671409

30,142

3,497

1,485

338••365

11, 743843

4,921

5,0486,2216,3857,0427,967

3, 7731,079

5,3361,2044,133.195

.1178

82, 76991,047139,51550,991

34, 873

.065038, 43635, 93440, 88428, 890

25.02.8

.5200

.082571, 28164, 29564,158

241,693

6803.796

700

450.5416.3571. 4

7,16214,4436,060

17,802

4,368

474

41,079196, 76035,177

32,050418

25,561

4,175

1,938

r387••416

12, 7811,0055,519

6,0057,1336.8395,8038,531

4,1841,174

4,5881,2153,373.195

.1178

82, 77688, 384118,05451,412

31, 266

.065038,61435, 71743,58623,911

18.52.7

.5200

.082566,89165,15064,927243, 434

11, 780

5223,714598

388.0336.5569.7

5,98813,8356,59616,061

3,996

40670, 8543,848

6,350

33,152194,12535,889

22,494292

23, 865

3,635

1,857

'351'314

8,094711

4,936

5,4204,8996,5336,7438.173

4,1301,156

5,3001,1294,171.195

.1178

82, 65389, 068126. 59049, 358

31, 489

.065042, 99734, 64242, 30324, 595

16.62.8

.5200

.082568, 78167, 87167, 820244,344

1,1464,579597

526.5504.0605.9

9,02914,3988,46613,110

5,183

41874,188

57, 206213, 67537, 516

31, 229354

32,171

4, 016

1,934

357••242

6,970688

5,006

5,6755,4026,3722,9928,838

4,4161,275

4,780971

3,809.195

.1178

76,46687,145127, 51758,051

31,395

.065042, 84236,11243, 51323,915

12.52.1

.5200

.082567, 43265, 55965,519246, 217

5184,292795

369.5301.7609.4

15,86622, 4417,82312, 679

4,768

36263, 288

58, 706235, 39636, 277

29, 843392

29, 040

2,207

1,741

340'432

9, 531927

4,854

5,9655,2106,1909,2938,811

4,0381,170

4,3021,2213,082.195

.1178

76, 79982,649156,80066, 780

30,498

.065046,05240, 26450, 42019, 536

8.51.8

.5200

.082570, 03578, 73278, 710237, 520

8,788

6024, 226683

397.4351. 7558.4

12, 32627, 2147, 55311, 221

4,849

38070, 3904, 653

6, 335

62, 504260, 88036, 784

22, 838248

20, 427

2,242

1, 635

323328

6,152491

4,779

6,6777,4906,0103,9339, 266

3,8451,149

5,4391,3144,125.195

.1178

' 73, 76167, 726145, 90459, 715

33,867

.065049, 09945,46340,88727, 738

7.72.5

.5200

.082570, 492' 92,453' 89,949215,559

8894, 530581

422.4362. 2634.7

14, 26839,3319, 0078, 997

5,091

22844, 322

r 58, 619281,252r 37, 353

32, 955556

29, 086

3, 579

1,450

10, 653870

5,546

5, 0736, 2004,7304,57511,276

3,9011,166

r Revised. JThe total and the detail coyer 59 manufacturers; see March 1944 Survey for comparable data for 1942.d*For data beginning January 1942 for the indicated copper, lead, and zinc series, see p. 24, table 6, of the June 1944 Survey.§ Revisions in unfilled orders for April-July 1942 are available on request; data cover 8 companies beginning March 1943.© The 1944 data have been revised to include data for a number of manufacturers who started manufacturing and shipping oil burners after a considerable period, of inactivity and

now cover 124 manufacturers; because most of the manufacturers added were small or had been inactive, there has been no significant change in the percentage of the industry covered.1 Of the 101 firms on the reporting list in 1941, 20 have discontinued the manufacture of stokers: some manufacture stokers only occasionally. The manufacture of class 1 stokers

was discontinued Sept. 30,1942, by order of the War Production Board; this accounts for the large reduction after that month in figures for classes 1, 2, and 3.*New series. For magnesium production beginning January 1942, see p. 24, table 6, of the June 1944 Survey. The series on automotive replacement battery shipments represents

estimated industry totals compiled by Dun and Bradstreet; data beginning 1937 are available on request. For 1940-41 and early 1942 data for machine tool shipments see p. S-30 ofthe November 1942 Survey; for new and unfilled orders for 1942 and the early months of 1943, see p. S-31 of the August 1944 issue. The data for machine tools cover virtually the en-tire industry through June 1944; thereafter, reports were no longer requested from 150 small companies which formerly accounted for about 4 percent of total shipments,

f Revised series. The index for motors and generators has been revised beginning 1942 to include an adjustment for. cancelations reported through December 1944 and minorcorrections have been made in the index for insulating materials beginning that year; both indexes were previously revised back to 1934; revised data through January 1944 are available on request.




1945

Febru-ary

1944


temberOcto-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

PAPER AND PRINTING

WOOD PULPProduction^

Total, all grades.._ short tons.Bleached sulphate _ doUnbleached sulphate do. . .Bleached sulphite.._ . . .do . . .Unbleached sulphite. do.. .Soda do.._Groundwood do.. .

Stocks, end of month:!Total, all grades _ -do...

Bleached sulphate do.. .Unbleached sulphate do.. .Bleached sulphite.. .do. . .Unbleached sulphite do. . .Soda _ .do. . .Groundwood- , .do. . .

PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS

All paper and paperboard mills (U. S. Bureau of theCensus) :*

Paper and paperboard production, total_.short tons..Paper _ .doPaperboard do

Paper, excl. building paper, newsprint, and paperboard(American Paper and Pulp Association):!

Orders, new. . short tons..Production _ __ ..doShipments do

Fine paper:Orders, new. doOrders, unfilled, end of month -doProduction doShipments doStocks, end of month do

Printing paper:Orders, new doOrders, unfilled, end of month doProduction _._ .doShipments doStocks, end of month .do

Wrapping paper:Orders, new. . . .doOrders, unfilled, end of month.- doProduction doShipments.. . doStocks, end of month _ do

Book paper, coated:Orders, new.. percent of stand, capacity..Production -doShipments _ -do

Book paper, uncoated:Orders, new doPrice, wholesale. " B " grade, English finish, white,

f. o. b. mill.. dol. per 100 lb__Production percent of stand, capacity..Shipments do. .

Newsprint:Canada:

Production short tonsShipments from mills do. .Stocks, at mills, end of month do..

United States:Consumption by publishers. do. .Price, rolls (N. Y.) dol. per short ton_.Production short tons..Shipments from mills doStocks, end of month:

At mills doAt publishers doIn transit to publishers .do

Paperboard (National Paperboard Association):%Orders, new doOrders, unfilled, end of month doProduction... do

Percent of capacityWaste paper, consumption and stocks:§

Consum pt ion short tons..Stocks at mills, end of month do

Paper products:Shipping containers, corrugated and solid fiber, ship-

ments* ._.mil. sq. ft. surface area..Folding paper boxes, value:*

New orders... _ 1936=100.Shipments _ do...

739, 69867,609

283, 948122,164

65, 42933, 749

124, 597

72,0905,2129,094

11, 8278,4993,598

31, 090

1,324,431639,446684,985

PRINTING

Book publication, total no. of editions..New books _. do.New editions do.

53.055.657.9

83.2

7.3079.880.7

239, 661217,220111, 668

175,06258.00

58, 22859,095

6,751259,14753, 740

620,084558, 285603,191

95

353, 704163, 918

3,813

281.0250.6

39234646

733, 89159, 964291,239117,462' 72,184r 34, 875126, 484

r 75, 3254,6667,833

r 14, 363r 10,401' 3,175r 33,132

1,379,638668,657710,981

558,442544, 233663,609

80,217140,39577, 29176,97446, 723

170,216143, 328169,853170,07757,647

217, 362201,738212,048212,44067,881

57.058.658.6

82.0

7.3082.683.1

240,005227, 387111,074

182,48758.0053,85254,033

10, 063292, 28945, 559

650,711621,875614,340

96

369, 978112,633

4,011

259.7251.4

545436109

784,05865, 7S6299, 649133, 29276, 62535, 708137, 922

78, 3744,7389,19014,8229,7212,45535, 794

1,483,085722, 973760,112

585, 763582, 739588, 385

86,972148,00788,02489,07846,885

179,222135,311173,957177,09152, 239

225, 567197, 595227,079229, 82866, 585

52.161.557.4

84.3

7.3080.781.3

252,092232,012131,154

201,70858.0061,20161,471

9,793278,20237,182

649, 058607, 537659, 555

95

403, 646112, 520

4,305

275.8271.6

496392104

750,63361,070290,633121, 50471, 71733, 233134,402

81, 8795,2657,75114, 5009,2452,06641,013

1,402,095659,976742,119

517,178530,222536,878

82,387148,18178,02081,21144,010

168, 918143,171166,017166,64952,533

199, 526199,886199,825203, 62163, 584

56.055.357.5

82.2

7.3080.181.1

236, 353256, 543110, 964

201,13658.0054,63656,103

8,326268, 64846,933

634, 593601,880626,877

96

375, 794122, 534

3,872

247.6248.4

721588133

808,98364,365319,009131,43575,92535,530139,677

91, 0525,0849,79416,1139,1831,925

46,347

1,484,667705, 821778,846

537,293569,074569,060

73,020137, 28782, 85680,35744,823

171,750140,808173, 587174,99051,208

211,055189,349221,429214,76767,002

51.352.354.4

77.5

7.3078.178.4

262,467276,05497,377

197,42758.0060,90962,319

6,916275,80950,636

695, 585599,322697, 674

411,870122, 779

4,078

258.4262.4

61052486

795,84066, 617323,855129,16573,12435, 306125, 599

88, 2043,9669,75114,13110,1262,02746,158

1,460,686688, 817771,869

i>47, 065553, 709571,676

79, 322136,94679, 70984,11540,664

158, 537128,593165,886167, 29748,600

217,062188, 679219,158225, 92162, 486

51.957.056.5

73.7

7.3079.580.0

246,864268,21376,028

191,07758.0061,10660, 648

7,374300,07046,388

635, 256544,454673,808

389,217129,777

241.2260.3

538432106

743,90469, 222308,015117, 37663,14130, 591112,241

82, 2815,350

12,8499,2462,216

41,560

1,325,711619, 392706,319

496,210493,254490,505

76,591148,93369,94169,71645,098

141,524126,368144,083143,74349,490

207,172203,499198,265192,60268,127

48.846.247.6

70.1

7.3071.171.5

244,406249,97970,455

174,86658.0059,87559, 946

7,303325, 36544, 336

645,895570,626608,458

85

344,457157,290

3,756

201.2228.4

562462100

833, 43369,071

34i; 152138, 40473, 32936, 500125, 443

72.5614,04010,70412, 3788,5361,886

32,075

,518,922717,452801,470

564, 593580,177577, 933

78, 329140, 60685, 95983,91245, 794

182,929144, 979176,434172, 54553, 495

223, 689195,112228, 416229,86764,142

53.355.753.6

80.4

7.3081.379.7

262, 695274, 70658, 444

182, 43258.00

60, 63161,217

6,717342,12246, 642

683,881549.114708, 973

96

406,115164, 211

4,316

256.4267.6

461397

775, 53064,872316,288127, 01768,16734, 211119, 011

66,6434,73410,16211,7178,9712,12226, 344

1,421,869677, 538744, 331

533,103542,887549,797

86,106139,16481, 93183,84042,955

158, 566138, 797164, 909167, 53851,036

217,972194,127210, 897212,31262,077

57.253.455.7

78.8

7.3080.782.8

244, 209252,92849, 725

189,61258.00

61, 52961,069

7,177345,04951,997

605, 367482, 896654,104

93

378, 499174, 556

4,105

223.3261.1

656544112

844, 28873, 484

339, 840137, 24772, 59437, 356134,858

64, 7805,2768,71711,9898,5292,468

24, 351

,501,175715,058786,117

569, 426578, 547574, 494

96, 399151,86387, 43289, 03942,817

172, 243139,394172, 531172,15253, 291

224,199202,175226,251219, 70870, 288

52.756.557.7

80.3

7.3080.380.2

258, 301262,99845,028

218,13758.00

61, 99462, 5376,634

332, 39346, 575

704, 746486, 882680, 288

95

398, 559186, 949

4,271

261.2276.1

49142863

819, 37672,190

327, 587130,48171, 72036, 523135, 584

66, 5525,3068,69012, 5059,2251,94525,002

1,464,762699, 872764, 890

532, 728564,717579, 259

78, 501141, 589r 85,97087,73341,080

172, 949131, 521172, 273179,35653, 006

204, 708184, 809218,007218, 59569,648

53.661.756.3

7.3084.283.0

256, 762259, 40942,381

211, 57258.00

62, 54661,697

7,483325,11249, 256

651, 974484,811672, 212

95

487,039187,697

4,078

266.0271.7

669555114

734, 98765, 811

276, 294122, 26467, 36735,188128, 253

66,8444,16210, 64512, 3608,1692,336

25, 580

1,328,965• 655, 550• 673,415

553. 901526,181541, 238

90, 636138,448r 80,89072, 45536, 030

178, 981140, 516161,505171,16952, 576

208, 279

199,136206, 36466, 679

52.254.250.6

81.6

7.3078.377.7

230, 78056, 571

205, 95258.00

61,16961, 295

7,357296, 78445, 496

801,70770, 006

303, 375134,18274, 908

r 36, 984136,861

r 75, 9557,211

r 9,471' 12, 99810, 015' 2, 85429, 718

1,443,310• 696,984• 746,326

579, 302554, 518564, 730

90, 221159,949

79, 76979, 23240, 571

175, 519147, 760166, 678178, 575

50, 679

234, 761222, 826220, 325213, 318

76, 508

56.752.457.4

7.3076.3

232,11089, 227

185,19358.00

60,38160,120

7,618272, 897

50,160

610, 859 733, 751471, 289 565, 064596, 214 652, 913

85 91

353,103186, 383

393,004164, 576

3,858 4,231

281.0 ! 322.4257.2 i 272.5

65155299

487398

89

••Revised. f For revisions for 1942 and the early months of 1943, see note for paperboard at bottom of p. S-35 of the July 1944 Survey.§Computed by carrying forward March 1943 figures on the basis of percentage changes in data for 59 identical companies reporting to the National Paperboard Association.tRevised series. Revised wood pulp production data beginning 1940 and sulphite stocks for all months of 1943 are shown on page 20 of December 1944 Survey; revised 1942 stock

figures for all series are on pp. 30 and S-31 of tbe June 1943 issue. The data exclude defibrated, exploded, and asplund fiber. The paper series from the American Paper and PulpAssociation have been revised to cover industry totals and are not comparable with data shown in the Survey prior to the August 1944 issue; earlier data will be published later.

•New series. The new paper series from the Bureau of the Census cover production of all mills including producers of building paper and building boards; for comparable 1942monthly averages and data for the early months of 1943, see p. S-32 of the August 1944 issue. For data beginning 1934 for shipping containers and a description of the series, see p.20 of the September 1944 Survey. The indexes for folding paper boxes are from the Folding Paper Box Association, based on reports of members accounting for around 50 percent ofthe industry totals; earlier data will be published later.



Unlessand1942

otherwise stated,descriptive notesSupplement to th

statisticsmay be

e Survey

throughfound in

1941t h e

1945

Febru-ary

Febru-ary March April M a y

PETROLEUM AND COAL

1944

June July August

PRODUCTS

Sep-tember

Octo-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

COALAnthracite:

Prices, composite, chestnut:Retail dol. per short ton.Wholesale . do_-_

Production thous. of short tons.Stocks, end of month:

In producers' storage yards do.._In selected retail dealers' yards.No. of days' supply-

Bituminous:Industrial consumption and retail deliveries, total

thous. of short tons.Industrial consumption, total. do.-_

Beehive coke ovens do-._Byproduct coke ovens do . . .Cement mills. do.._Coal-gas retorts do . . .Electric power utilities _ . . d o . . .Railways (class I)___ do . . .Steel and rolling mills do.__Other industrial do . . .

Retail deliveries do . . .Other consumption, coal mine fuel do__.Prices, composite:

Retail (36 cities) dol. per short ton.Wholesale:

Mine run do---Prepared sizes.. do

Production! thous. of short tons.Stocks, industrial and retail dealers, end of month,

total _.thous. of short tons.Industrial, total do . . .

Byproduct coke ovens _.do.._Cement mills do . . .Coal-gas retorts do . . .Electric power utilities do . . .Railways (class I) do.."Steel and rolling mills do.._Other industrial do . . .

Retail dealers, total .do . . .

COKE

Price, beehive, Connellsville (furnace)dol. per short ton..

Production:Beehive thous. of short tons..Byproduct __.doPetroleum coke. . . do

Stocks, end of month:Byproduct plants, total do

At furnace plants _ _ doAt merchant plants do

Petroleum coke _ ..do

1.110

1,701

PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS

Crude petroleum:Consumption (runs to stills) f_ thous. of bblPrice (Kansas-Okla.) at wells dol. per bblProduction! thous. of bbl._Refinery operations . . .pet . of capacityStocks, end of month:

Refinablein U. S.f thous. of bbl . .At refineries.. doAt tank farms and in pipe lines doOn leases! do

Heavy in California doWells completed! number

Refined petroleum products:Gas and fuel oils:

Consumption:Electric power plants! thous. of bbl . .Railways (class I) do

Price, fuel oil (Pennsylvania)— dol. per galProduction:

Gas oil and distillate fuel oil thous. of bbl. .Residual fuel oil do

Stocks, end of month:Gas oil and distillate fuel oil _..do-.Residual fuel oil do

Motor fuel:Prices, gasoline:

Wholesale, refinery (Okla.) dol. per gal. .Wholesale, tank wagon (N. Y.) do . . .Retail, service stations, 50 cities do

Production, total!.- thous. of bblStraight run gasoline do . . .Cracked gasoline doIIIINatural gasoline and allied products!! do._

Used at refineries! do iRetail distribution § mil. ofgal"!

14.0011. 4304,418

52, 54538, 248

7017, 21G

245133

6,21210, 749

94312, 04914, 297

214

10.35

5.2375,513

46, 900

45, 77742, 6475,610

448190

12, 91610,192

66612, 6253,130

7.000

4495,060

779584195

.066

.059

.161

.146

14.38 |11.7235,879

25410

53,00440, 347

1,0117,583

268140

6,69011, 484

99312,17812, 657

255

10.22

r 5. 2385.461

52,817

52, 72047,1696,383

479229

13, 9159,584

76515, 814

5, 551

7.000

644' 5, 326

138

713561152166

126,9931.110

128,90192

241, 71847,933

180,41713, 3686,553

912

1,9157,976.066

18, 45436,493

33, 56145,070

.060

.161

.14656, 28819,857

7,7654,6241,787

14.0411.481

5, 576

318

54,41741,7091,0468,124

264142

6,53912,0431,020

12, 53112, 708

253

10. 22

' 5.2405.497

54,880

51,83546,8846, 281

465208

13, 9969, 893

76515, 2764,951

7.000

667r 5, 656

144

'622513

'109173

137, 9021.110

136, 75291

236, 53048, 911

174,41513, 2046,7661,056

1,4918, 574

.066

19,86339, 738

29, 92645,427

.060

.161

.14660,14521,14831, 905

8,2505,3772,010

14.0411. 5275,202

33411

47,41137, 753

9627,925

254133

5,63211,204

87910, 7649,658

231

10.24

r 5. 2465.503

• 49, 510

50, 51346, 8745,930

475193

14, 80210, 250

75814, 4663,639

7.000

614' 5, 545

137

685535

' 149166

132, 3301.110

133, 59391

234, 69451, 625

169, 57413, 4956,473

953

1,4908,095

.066

19, 60437,281

30,15244,137

.060

.161

.14658, 38421,18530,4928,0285,0121,979

13.9611.5745,848

35315

44, 26036, 746

1,0068,134

293126

5,84710,834

8299,6777, 514

257

10. 27

'5.2425.508

• 53, 930

55, 29350, 5915,892

472205

15,71311, 737

76115,8114,702

7.000

644' 5, 691

145

r756569

•"186141

139, 5371.110

141, 29392

235,17650,407

171,46713, 3026,2541.033

1,5167,956.066

21, 21538,026

32,48444,682

.060

.161

.14661,19122,35231, 5108,4775,1982,235

' Revised; revised January 1944 figure for wholesale price of coal, mine run, $5 233§ See note marked " § " on p . S-33 of the March 1945 Survey. For revisions for 194

13.8511.4355,623

34815

43,07235, 295

9587,778

311112

6,16710, 230

7788, 9617,777

248

10.28

5. 2395. 510

52, 712

59, 68054, 2596,152

491206

16, 45713,329

78516,8395,421

7.000

614' 5, 437

135

'784554

'231127

139,9371.110

137,25195

229, 63150,190

166,22713,2146,1181,177

1,6407, 579.066

20,02837,902

35, 24246, 649

.060

.161

.14661,71922, 51031, 9598,3875.4292,305

13.8411.4194,962

37818

43,17135, 254

9447,967

316117

6,41410, 248

7808,4687,917

228

10.29

5.2385.512

' 48, 986

61,41355, 5375,711

508216

16, 96513, 797

81117, 5295,876

7.000

6055,627

158

921589332130

143, 4341.110

141, 28796

223, 50348,895

160,93813, 6706,1861,098

1,5305,496.066

21,31638,332

38, 33550, 589

.060

.161

.14663,48022, 74833,0628,7676,1652,163

13.8411.4195,623

41322

46,58536,958

8967,978

358115

7,04610, 445

8319,2899, 627

252

10.31

5,2395.514

' 54,177

63,90958,2335,928

537239

17, 50514,633

77518, 6165,676

7.000

5745,633

158

986596390116

143,0471.110

145, 29695

223,90150,150

160,16213,5896,2911,200

1,5057,970.066

20, 59337, 291

40, 71253, 506

.059

.161

.14664,06422, 65533,7698,7926,0842,264

13.8411.4195,443

44220

45,71035, 967

8057,606

336121

6,65710,095

8079,5409,743

233

10.31

5.2375.509

r 50, 480

64,90559,1506, 174

550250

17, 77314, 773

79118,8395,755

7.000

5165,377

155

995565430116

140,4531.110

142,98995

222,86848,919

160,21613,7336,4691,357

1,6507,750.066

19,11037, 903

43,68757,849

.059

.161

.14663,67423,82732. 2838,6485,7992,223

13.8511.4195, 603

46222

49, 51639, 003

8227,985

364128

6,75410, 940

8b711,14310, 513

235

10.31

5. 2375.509

r 51,813

65, 07459, 256

6, 397592243

17, 96214, 691

79618, 5755,818

7.000

5275,635

181

1,040586454137

143, 7201.110

146, 93894

223. 50050, 323

159,44713, 7306,4871,194

1,7468,284

.066

21, 69739, 322

47, 35257,420

.059

.161

.14665, 51424,42133, 1909.090b', 0202, 194

13.8611.4245,088

49225

49, 68439,644

7597,748360129

6,82410,714

90812,20210,040

229

10.32

5.2375. 516

• 50,819

64,02058,3306,737582261

17,67114,427

78317,8695,690

7.000

' 5,471164

1,198688509162

140,0451.110

142,40494

222, 75949,039159, 58214,1386,4821,154

1,8258,314.066

18,87039,370

45, 58455, 643

.059

.161

.146' 64,84224,01933,0559,0246,109' 2,155

13.8611. 4304,570

44519

55,18641, 813

6327,984352138

7,06611, 7581,02212,86113, 373

204

10.33

5.2375.516

• 45, 774

57, 20452, 4706,112538243

16, 30512, 918

70115, 6534,734

7.000

4195,603172

1,149655494187

145,1251.110

145, 28295

220, 66348, 576158,18114,1056,1071,099

2,0128,863

19, 05841, 278

38, 33350, 383

.059

.161

.146' 65,80024, 08134, 020' 9,1976,0082,041

13.8711. 430'4,195

32211

• 59, 082• 42, 780

714r 7, 934

296145

r 7,119• 12, 014' 1, 08013, 47816, 302

239

10.33

5.2375. 513

52, 200

• 49,465• 46,127' 5, 695

494214

• 14,098'11,312

'66513, 6493,337

7.000

4575,576

181

913609304174

145,0711.110

147,18693

221, 73749, 620157, 80814, 3096,0261,022

' 2,1488,488.066

20, 55641,862

31,69544, 347

.059

.161

.14666, 66224, 26734, 2629,8436,380


S-34 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS April 1945-

Unlessand1942


throughfound in

1941t h e

1945

Febru-ary

Febru-ary Meirch April May June

1944

July August Sep-tember

Octo-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS—Continued

PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS-Continued

Refined petroleum products—Continued.Motor fuel—Continued.

Stocks, gasoline, end of month:Finished gasoline, total thous. of bbl_.

At refineries doUnfinished gasoline _ -doNatural gasoline. . . . . -do

Kerosene:Price, wholesale, water white, 47°, refinery (Penn-

sylvania) dol. per gal-Production thous. of bbl._Stocks, refinery, end of month do

Lubricants:Price, wholesale, cylinder, refinery (Pennsylvania)

dol. per gal..Production thous. of bbl_.Stocks, refinery, end of month _ do

Asphalt:Production short tons.-Stocks, refinery, end of month. _ do

Wax:Production -thous. of lb._Stocks, refinery, end of month -do

Asphalt prepared roofing, shipments:!Total thous. of squares._

Smooth-surfaced roll roofing and cap sheet-.-doMineral-surfaced roll roofing and cap sheet.__doShingles, all types do

.074

.160

3,7991, 573

9951,231

72,90952,92511,8434,245

.0736,4134,382

.1603,1587,942

398, 200717,900

65,80080,080

4, 3511,7241,3251,302

75, 27552, 51311,8254.242

.0746,9604,078

.1603,4888,011

455,400795,300

79,80084, 560

4,5261,7191,3931,414

76, 63851, 83011,7354,213

.0746,4894,142

.1603,2738,068

455, 500852, 200

76,440

94,080

3,9281,3681,1601,400

74,51949,04712,1934,436

.0746,7104,969

.1603,3377,771

598,900889, 500

65, 52093,800

4,1341,3371,1961,602

70,24645,46811,7384,477

.0746,2465,949

.1603,4537,590

690,700844,600

60,48091, 5C0

3,9761,1971, 1571,622

68, 92143,63911, 5814,425

.0746,2776,665

.1603,3647,426

711,600735, 600

63, 56093,800

3,6241,1331,0351,457

66, 54241, 75211, 9244,211

.0746, 3587,583

.1603,3567,169

800, 200590,000

64,12096, 040

4,2161,3181,2001,699

64, 914

12, 0724,141

.0746,3397r985

.1603, 4587, 364

750, 400495,100

62,16094, 920

4,0041,0991, 1941,711

65, 88642,14512, 3884,160

.0746,5157,847

.1603,6727,452

677, 600465, 800

67, 48096, 880

4,1921,1731,2211,797

68,10743, 52712,4674, 334

.0746,5056,977

.1603, 5877,562

553. 600534,400

63,56094,920

4,1161, 2951,2151,606

73, 62248, 21713, 208r 4, 451

.0746,4615,765

.1603,5817, 815

481,100626, 200

67, 20093, 800

3, 6621, 456943

1,263

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS

ABRASIVE PRODUCTS

Coated abrasive paper and cloth, shipments reams.-

PORTLAND CEMENT

Production.-. thous. of bbl_.Percent of capacity

Shipments thous. of bbL.Stocks, finished, end of month .doStocks, clinker, end of month do

CLAY PRODUCTS

Brick, unglazed:Price, wholesale, common, composite, f. o. b. plant

dol. per thous._Production* ___thous. of standard brick..Shipments* ...doStocks end of month*— __ ...do

GLASS PRODUCTS

Glass containers:fProduction thous. of gross.

Percent of capacityShipments, total thous. of gross.

Narrow neck, food do. . .Wide mouth, food doPressure and nonpressure do.. .Beer bottles .do. . .Liquor ware .do. . .Medicine and toilet . . .do . - .General purpose .doMilk bottles _ -do...Home canning.. .do. . .

Stocks, end of month - do.. .Other glassware, machine-made:

Tumblers:Production thous. of doz.Shipments -do...Stocks _ __ do___

Table, kitchen, and householdware, shipmentsthous. of doz.

Plate glass, polished, production^ thous. of sq. ft.Window glass, productiond" thous. of boxes.

Percent of capacity d"

GYPSUM AND PRODUCTS

Gypsum, production:Crude short tons...Calcined do

Gypsum products sold or used:Uncalcined doCalcined:

For building uses:Base-coat plasters ~ doKeene's cement . . . ..doAll other building plasters doLath thous. of sq. ft_.Tile doWallboarde do

Industrial plasters.. short tons..

132,4

5,37129

4,57422,1646,029

15. 321

7,304

7,366572

2,041502904823

1,65352126585

5,359

7,363

129,751

5,68629

5,05525,0736,603

13. 840133,891129, 821429, 315

7,771115.97,538546

2,137497712631

1,801692243278

4,426

4,7284,1716,793

1,522

7,980

134, 908

6,13929

6,22524,9956,567

13.879139, 300142, 458424, 546

8,842122.18,325623

2,285628844749

1,777781255384

4,779

5,8625,7566,990

2,164

8,702

919,692629,470

246,712

121,7782,43952,046160,1763,292

431,68444,433

144,198

6,46332

7,37324,0806,687

13. 939139,288] 51,128408, 096

8,582127.98, 393

5462,236720935725

1,837735211448

4,793

5,5124,8547,603

2,0058,079

142, 604

7,18135

8,78422, 4556,378

14. 008155, 065181, 649379,011

127.18,766

5522,415679982785

1,806915239394

4,710

5,9125,8517,600

2,3119,391

123, 538

7,90640

9,35021,0086,172

14. 095157,35717S, 104355, 727

128.58,431

5942,106679

1,061695

2,008728251309

4,947

4,6795, 2547,063

2,0149,265

980,401593,985

260,867

142, 655932

65, 282152, 7483,553

361,41847, 566

114,484

8,51641

9,28320, 2335, 577

14.159157, 870177,815335, 347

8,075120.47,784624

1,909657871738

1,785708251241

5,082

5,1205,4346,752

2,3018,246

128, 464

9,00344

10, 75818, 4825,287

14.109176, 585198, 845312,176

8,692120.08,514809

2,179611811891

1,963700271278

5, 097

7,0276, 5917,077

3,2029,746

117, 325

8,73944

10,12117,1445, 096

14.586164,682183, 078293, 6J 6

7,737115.47, 522894

1,873497661904

1,640642251159

5,164

b,5616,2907,148

2,8209,046

917, 395

588, 878

248,199

140, 7753, 671

r 54,289165, 0304.105

338, 52753, 571

128, 272

9,19445

10, 26316, 0494,862

14.830185, 573206, 368272, 569

8,601123.38,187

7742,287536749947

1,90869724741

5,394

5,8605,0247,286

3,3539,105

122,485

8,30442

7,38016,9934,856

r 15. 059174,069183, 506261,743

7,967118.87,787529

2,310508874908

1,73265224232

5,346

4,6974,4817,376

3,2717,619

122, 517

7,38736

4,59519, 8635,329

15. 055r 151,426

134.374277,884

7,667114.37,390

4762,246

457'919

8661,545

58626629

5,097

4, 6574, 6067, 385

2,9017,013

936, 423552, 394

308, 302

115, 5073,379

48, 491146,133

3,929364. 575

54, 947

r Revised. Âccording to the compilers, data represent approximately the entire industry. ^Collection of data temporarily discontinued.©Includes laminated board reported as component board; this is a new product not produced prior to September 1942.fRevised series. See note marked "f" on p. S-34 of the July 1944 Survey regarding changes in data on glass containers and comparable figures for 1940-42; beginning January 1945

data are compiled by War Production Board. Data on asphalt prepared roofing cover all known manufacturers of these products and are total direct shipments (domestic and ex-port); shipments to other manufacturers of the same products are not included; for comparable data for September 1943-January 1944, see note at bottom of p. S-23.

•New series. Data are compiled by the Bureau of the Census and cover all known manufacturers; data beginning September 1942 are shown on p . 24 of the February 1945 issue.




1945

Febru-ary

1944

Febru-ary March April May June July August Septem-

ber October Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

TEXTILE PRODUCTS

CLOTHINGHosiery:

Production thous. of dozen pairs.Shipments _ do . . .Stocks, end of month.. __ do . . .

COTTON

Cotton (exclusive of linters):Consumption. bales..Prices received by farmersf. dol. per lb._Prices, wholesale, middling l5/W, average, 10 markets

dol. per lb._Production:

Ginnings§ thous. of running balesCrop estimate, equivalent 500-lb. bales

thous. of bales..Stocks, domestic cotton in the United States, end of

month :tWarehouses thous. of bales.Mills do

Cotton linters:Consumption doProduction doStocks, end of month _ do

COTTON MANUFACTURES

Cotton cloth:Cotton broad woven goods over 12 in. in width, pro-

duction, quarterly* mil. of linear yardsPrices, wholesale:

Mill margins ..cents per lb.._Denims, 28-ineh dol. per yd.Print cloth, 64 x 56c? do . . . .Sheeting unbleached, 4 x 4© do

Spindle activity:Active spindles .. .thousands,.Active spindle hours, total. .mil. of hr. . .

Average per spindle in place hours..Operations percent of capacity..

Cotton yarn, wholesale prices:Southern, 22/1, cones, carded, white, for knitting (mill)t

dol. per lb_.Southern, 40s, single, carded (mill) do

RAYONConsumption:

Yarn ..mil. of lb_.Staple fiber do

Prices, wholesale:Yarn, viscose, 150 denier, first quality, minimum

filament dol. per lb_.Staple fiber, viscose, 1H denier do

Stocks, producers', end of month:Yarn mil. oflb..Staple fiber . . . do . . . .

WOOL

781, 559.200

.216

2 11,805

3 12,195

12,3592,232

119128464

21.33.209.092.114

22, 2248,925

386122.2

.451

.568

45.712.8

.550

.250

6.63.2

12,20212,14417,453

811,062.199

11, 4682,292

107100845

19.98.192.087.108

22, 5139,659

414123.2

.414

.515

43.313.6

.550

.240

7.52.1

13, 45813,59017,197

903,538.200

.211

i 11,129

i 11,429

10,8402,233

11682

797

2,539

19.72.193.087.108

22, 57010,637

456123.9

.414

.515

45.614.9

.550

.240

8.11.7

11,65011, 76116,961

775,617.202

.210

10,2052,165

11156

19.78.199.087.108

22, 4129,316

400124.9

.414

.515

43.211.3

.550

.250

7.81.8

Consumption (scoured basis):KApparelclass thous.oflb 46,908 59,315Carpet class . . . do 3,016 4,315

Machinery activity (weekly average):JLooms:

Woolen and worsted:•Broad .thous. of active hours 2,647 2,613Narrow do 64 62

Carpet and rug:#

Broad do 61 58Narrow do 38 37

Spinning spindles:Woolen do 125,512 123,552Worsted do 114,099 114,101

Worsted combs - .do 206 208Prices, wholesale:

Kaw, territory, 64s, 70s, 80s, fine, scoured*..dol. per lb._ 1.190 1.190 1.190Raw, bright fleece, 56s, greasy* do .545 .545 .545Australian (Sydney), 64-70s, scoured, in bond

(Boston) dol. per lb._ .750 .765 .765Women's dress goods, French serge, 54" (at mill)

dol. per y d . . 1.559 1.559 1.559Worsted yarn, ^2 ' s , crossbred stock (Boston)

dol. per l b . . 1.900 1.800 1.800Stocks, scoured basis, end of quarter:f

Total _ . . . thous .of lb 279,263Wool finer than 40s, total .do 231,537

D o m e s t i c . _ _ do 115,225Foreign .do 116,312 |._

Wool 40s and below and carpet _ .do I 47,726 L_ !r Revised. 1 Total ginnings of 1943 crop. 2 Total ginnings of 1944 crop. §Total ginnings to end of month indicated.cf Production of 64 x 60 for which prices through June 1943 were shown in the Survey has been discontinued. ©Price of 56 x 56 sheeting.JFor revised figures for cotton stocks for August 1941-March 1942, see p. S-34 of the May 1943 Survey. The total stocks of American cotton in the United States on July 31

1944, including stocks on farms and in transit, were 10,626,000 bales, and stocks of foreign cotton in the United States were 118,000 bales.IData for March, June, September, and December 1944 are for 5 weeks; other months, 4 weeks.• Data exclude carpet and rug looms operating on blankets and cotton fabrics and, through October 1943, woolen and worsted looms operating entirely on cotton yarns (no separate

data for the latter have been collected since October 1943); for weekly averages for 1942 and 1943, including such looms, see note marked " • " on p. S-35 of the May 1944 Survey.

46,9283,824

2,56360

5436

121,302111,032

202

1.190.545

.765

1.559

1.800

12, 76312,65716,942

832,812.198

.210

9,5152,054

12340

661

19.81.199.087.108

22, 38510, 058

431119.0

.414

.515

45.414.6

.550

.250

8.32.5

46,8924,008

2,51263

5337

120,333111, 253

207

1.190.545

.765

1. 559

1.800

12,12611,97416,970

805,823.202

.215

8,7881,931

12221

545

2,418

19.28.199.087.108

22, 3809,711

417118.5

.414

.515

44.014.3

.550

.250

•8.82.6

51,8904,435

2,38163

5035

113,128103,880

195

1.190.545

.765

1.559

339,369287,276164,283122,99352,093

10,0529,982

17,040

723,402.203

.216

48

8,2211,820

13323

454

19.81.206.092.108

22, 2918,603

369115.4

.414

.515

41.313.6

.550

.250

3.0

38,7522,916

2,08054

29

99, 78089,154

172

1.190.545

.765

1.559

1.900

12,76712,96616,840

841, 490.202

.214

576

7,8721,662

12529

357

20.35.209.092.108

22,2419,952

428116.3

.414

.515

44.814.4

.550

.250

9.33.2

42,3963,516

2,32763

5034

115,25695,724

191

1.190.545

.765

1.559

1.900

11, 46611, 76416, 542

793. 086.210

.214

3,985

9,7031,672

121100328

r 2, 294

21.30.209.092.114

22, 2809,381

404122.3

.451

.568

44.813.0

.550

.250

8.83.0

52,1703,795

2,322594531

110,238100. 396

188

1.190

.545

.765

1.559

1.900373, 666314, 824189, 277125, 54758. 842

11, 69712,11816,122

i, 379.213

.216

;,282

11,9261,927

126152342

21.12.209.092.114

22, 2289,487

410117.4

.451

.568

47.814.6

.550

.250

8.42.7

45,7523,700

2,42663

5035

117,659103,819

196

1. 190

.545

. 765

1.559

1.900

11,97712,60315, 496

836, 541.208

.214

10, 274

13,1222,162

122180373

21.31.209.092.114

22, 2579,707

420120.6

.451

.568

48.313.9

.550

.250

8.62.7

• 45, 2884,192

' 2, 288' 6 2

50'36

114,096101, 520

191

1.190.545

.765

1.559

1.900

10, 43210, 901

• 14,672

760, 740.209

.216

10, 538

13,3432,269

120156414

!,318

21.41.209.092.114

22,2208,763

379118.5

.451

.568

49.013.6

.550

.250

6.12.7

54, 3654,695

2,30863

4432

110, 62899, 059

189

1.190.545

.754

1.559

1.900

361, 595304, 219171,617132, 60257, 376

12,36112,38914,645

849, 945.202

.217

11,118

12, 9412,244

129170440

21. 32.209.092.114

22, 2619,956

431119.7

.451

.568

'47.8'14.4

.550

.250

' 8 . 4' 3 . 1

1.190.545

.750

1,559

1.900

wuummufe uj, ..vjifeui <JA ûwu i , vu. A±IVJIC vAJLiAjii, iui uauo I\JI xAish uan ui ±tr±o »cc p. o~ou ui nw ûûtiL iv-tt ourvey; earner uaia win ue tsnowii later, i n e new wool prices are com-piled by the Department of Agriculture; they replace similar, but not identical, series formerly shown in the Survey, compiled from the Boston Commercial Bulletin which discon-tinued quotations after 1943; earlier data are shown on p. 24 of the February 1945 Survey.


S-36 SUKVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS April 1945

Unlessand1942


throujfound

-h 1941in the

1945

Febru-ary

1944

Febru-ary March April May June July

TEXTILE PRODUCTS—Continued

j AugustI

Sep-tember

Octo-ber

Novem-ber

Decem-ber

1945

Janu-ary

WOOL MANUFACTURES |I

Woolen and worsted woven goods (except woven felts):*!Production, quarterly, total. __thous. of linear yards. J

Apparel fabrics do 'Men's wear do j _._.Women's and children's wear do jGeneral use and other fabrics do !

Blankets do—— IOther nonapparel fabrics do j

MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS

4,423Fur, sales by dealers thous. of dol_.Pyroxylin-coated textiles (cotton fabrics):

Orders, unfilled, end of month thous. lin. yd__Pyroxylin spread thous. of lt> jShipments, billed -thous. linear yd I

6,079

11,8164,4565,545

I139,744119,21960,92846, 26312,02818, 9871,538

5,190

12,1565,2776,328

3,822

12,5164,8665,735

2,381

12, 7734,8285, 5] 7

135,£89 i i I 125.064113,28156, 67543,87912,72720, 4401,868

3,016

12, 9874,9005,111

2, 620

13,0273,9154,591

I' 103. 24850,194

1,796

12,4784,2325,145

• 39,962, 092

' 19,307r 2, EG9

1,606

12,5944,1185,117

12, 7394, 9395,904

' 2,842

14,266r 4,479r 5,517

128, 349105,81850, 67041,15114,07720,1792,272

T 6,070

15.1184,1265,079

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

MOTOR VEHICLES

Trucks and tractors, production, total*.. number.Civilian doMilitary do_._

Light: Military.--. - - . . . . - do. . .Medium:

Civilian..., _ do. . .Military do.._

Heavy:Civilian. . .do. . .Military do.._

RAILWAY EQUIPMENT

American Eailway Car Institute:Shipments:

Freight cars, total number.Domestic -do

Passenger cars, total -doDomestic . do—

Association of American Railroads:Freight cars, end of month:

Number owned thousands.Undergoing or awaiting classified repairs..-do...

Percent of total on lineOrders, unfilled cars.

Equipment manufacturers do. . .Railroad shops do. . .

Locomotives, steam, end of month:Undergoing or awaiting classified repairs.number.

Percent of total on line..Orders unfilled .number-

Equipment manufacturers doRailroad shops--. - . . .do . . .

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIC TRUCKS ANDTRACTORS

Shipments, total number.Domestic do...Exports do...

64, 56914,09150,47820, 641

10,5903,378

3,34026,162

4,1373,211

2020

1,76951

3.035,03128,0806,951

2,3315.91389246

42038535

55, 6712,766

52, 90521,095

1,7989,940

96821,870

5,3612,092

445445

1,75243

2.531,84420,66911,175

2,1275.426421846

56, 3E94,628

51, 73121, 081

3,3178, 303

1,31122, 347

7,9621,999166166

1, 753432.5

35, 58124, 24111,340

2,0925.3243204

36039

49445044

55,7198,151

47, 56819, 481

6,2456,649

1,90621, 438

7,3167131616

1,75448

2.843, 32132, 67710, 644

2,1675.522819137

442

23

56, 9209, 298

47, 62219,338

7,3107,007

1,98821,277

7,0341,501

00

1,75353

3.142, 24432, 8599,385

2,1825.520316835

42137546

61,18611,92649, 26020, 830

9,3196, 625

2,60721,805

6,0901,698

00

1,75451

3.041,23633,1668,070

2,1205.417914633

36732146

61,54011,24350, 29720, 269

8,5826,031

2,66123,997

6,1512,197

00

1,75554

3.137, 98530, 9557,030

2,1905.517213933

30727136

68, 54512,51156, 03423,441

10, 2485, 746

2,20326,847

4,8372,662

00

1,75652

3.034,06428,0705,994

2,1945.615011832

431413

18

65,04212, 27752, 7652i,367

10.0346j 300

2,24325,098

4,1302,807

00

1,75851

3.030,15325, 2854,868

2,1875.51249628

36134120

64,12913, 07551,05418, 534

9, 4326,144

3,64326, 376

4,7413,517

00

1, 75950

2.928, 38523, 8854,500

2,254

1027725

443415

28

69, 01314, 67754,33619, 765

10,1536,503

4,52428,068

4,5953,244

55

1,76251

2.928,91025,1543,756

2,3005.8906525

33630333

70, 68215, 65355, 02920,433

9, 5655,326

6,08829,270

4,3953,089

1212

1,76451

3.034,41729, 6754,742

2,1615.5664125

420393

27

CANADIAN STATISTICS

Physical volume of business, adjusted:Combined indext 1935-39=100...

Industrial production, combined indexf doConstruction f . . .doElectric power doManufacturing! do

Forestry! doMining! do

Distribution, combined index!. .doAgricultural marketings, adjusted:!

Combined index doGrain — . . .doLivestock... do

Commodity prices:Cost of living doWholesale prices 1926=100..

Railways:Carloadings .thous. of cars..Revenue freight carried 1 mile mil. of tons..Passengers carried 1 mile mil. of passengers..

118. 6102.9

241.6279.5113.5153.8304.5124.6255.5163.1

237.2257.3149.9

118.9102.7

2805,024

448

247.8282.7201.8154.7300.5125.3262.6175.4

220.3244.2116.4

119.0103.0

3125,534

506

239.5270.0140.2153.1291.3115.3247.5176.2

305.5352.7100.7

119.1102.9

2845,342

544

241.8272.3109.2165.0297.3119.3238.8178.6

217.6238.8125.3

119.2102.5

3185,769

535

238.8266.8111.8160.2292.2121.1225.5180.8

270.4307.8108.3

119.0102.5

3155,457

638

232.2262.198.8

154.8287.6112.8225.4170.3

361.7420.6106.0

119.0102.5

2975,640

714

233.1263. 591.6

156.4291.5121.9214.5170.1

101.794.8132.0

118.9102.3

3175,520

702

231.0260.4104.1153.4284.5116.4205.5170.3

81.576.9101.6

118.8102.3

3175,563591

228.0259.7113.4152.4285. 8128.5208.9162.4

110.7111.1108.9

118.6102.4

3305, 815532

227.9255.492.7

148.5284.7124.6191.7171.1

133.4135.0126.7

118.9102. 4

3275,597487

233.0256.0122.6144.7283.7126.1189.3185.5

167.7168.9162.5

118.5102.5

272

r Revised.fRevised series. The revision of the Canadian index of physical volume of business is due mainly to changes in the weighting and in the list of components, so as to present a

picture of the expansion in industries engaged in war production. Revised data were first shown on p. S-36 of the December 1942 Survey; subsequently the construction index wasfurther revised in the March 1943 Survey and the mining index was revised in the April 1944 issue. The revisions affected principally indexes for the period beginning January1940; the agricultural marketings index and the distribution index were revised back to 1919 and minor revisions were also made in data prior to 1940 for other series. All series areavailable on request.

*New series. The new series on woolen and worsted goods are compiled by the Bureau of the Census from reports of manufacturers who account for 98 percent or more of totalproduction; the statistics include estimates for a few manufacturers from whom reports were not received; yardage is reported on an equivalent 54-inch linear yard except blanketswhich are on a 72-inch linear yard. Data on trucks and tractors are from the War Production Board and cover the entire industry. Jeeps, military ambulances, and wheel drivepersonnel carriers are included but not half-tracks, full-tracks, or armored cars. Light trucks are defined as those up to 9,000 pounds gross weight, mediums, 9,000 up to 16,000 pounds,and heavy, 16,000 pounds and over. There were some differences in the definitions employed in collecting these statistics and the trucks statistics formerly shown in the Survey; itshould also be noted that the latter were "factory sales." Earlier data for all new series will be published later.

U. S . G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E : 1 9 4 5


INDEX TO MONTHLY BUSINESS STATISTICS, Pages S1-S36

CLASSIFICATION OF SECTIONS

Monthly business statistics:Business indexesBusiness populationCommodity pricesConstruction and real estateDomestic tradeEmployment conditions and wagesFinance . .Foreign tradeTransportation and communications.Statistics on individual industries

Chemicals and allied productsElectric power and gasFoodstuffs and tobaccoLeather and productsLumber and manufacturesMetals and manufactures:

Iron and steel-._Nonferrous metals and products-Machinery and apparatus

Paper and printingPetroleum and coal productsStone, clay, and glass productsTextile products.Transportation equipment

Canadian statistics

PageS - lS -3S-3S - 5S - 6S-9

S-14S-20S-20

S-22S-24S-25S-28S-29

S-30S~30S-31S-32S-33S-34S-3 5S-36S-36

CLASSIFICATION BY INDIVIDUAL SERIES

Pages marked SAbrasive paper and cloth (coated) . 34A c i d s . . . . . . 22, 23Advertising 6, 7Agricultural income, marketings 1Agricultural wages, loans - 14Air mail end air-line operations -_ 7, 21Aircraft - 2, 9,10,11,12,13Alcohol, methyl 23Alcoholic beverages 1, 2, 25Aluminum 30Animal fats, greases __ 23,24Anthracite _ 2,4,11,12,14,33Apparel, wearing. 3,4, 6, 7, 8, 10,11,12,13, 35Asphalt. _ _- 34Automobiles 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9,10,11,12,13,17Banking 14, 15Barley 26Bearing rnetM 31Beef and veal 27Beverages, alcoholic 1, 2, 25Bituminous coal 2,4,11, 12, 14,33Boilers 30Bonds, issues, prices, sales, yields 18, 19Book publication 32Brass and copper products 31Brick _ 4,34Brokers' loans 15, 18Building contracts awarded - 5Building costs 5,6Building construction (see Construction).Building materials, prices, retail trade 4, 7,8Businesses operating and business turn-over __ 3Butter - 25Canadian statistics 16, 36Candy 27Capital flotations 18

For productive uses 18Canoadings 22Cattle and calves 27Cement > 1,2,4,34Cereal and bakery products 4Chain-store sales 8Cheese 25Chemicals... 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11,12, 13,14, 17, 22, 23, 24Cigars and cigarettes 28Civil-service employees. 11Clay products (see also Stone, clay, etc.) 1, 2, 34Clothing 3,4,6, 7,8, 10, 11, 12, 13,35Coal 2,4, 11, 12, 14,33Coffee.CokeCommercial and industrial failures.Construction:

New construction, dollar value...Contracts awardedCosts,

272,33

3

55

5,6Highway 5,11Wage rates, earnings, hours 11,13, 14

Qpnsumer credit 15Consumer expenditures 7Copper 31Copra or coconut oil 23Corn _ 26Cost-of-Hving index 3,4Cotton, raw. anc. manufactures^ ̂ J2Uj4,.10^12,13,35Cottonseed, cake and meal, oil. ..' -._'.- 23, 24Crops. _ _- 1,23,24,25,26Currency in circulation 16Dairy products 1,2,3,4,25,26Debits, bank 14Debt, short-term, consumer 15

Pages marked SDebt, United States Government _ 17Department stores, sales, stocks, collections. _ 8, 9Deposits, bank „ 15, 16Disputes, industrial 12Dividend payments and rates 1,19Earnings, weekly and hourly. 13, 14Eggs and chickens 1, 3, 4, 27Electrical equipment 2,3,6,31Electric power production, sales, revenues- 24Employment estimated 9, 10Employment indexes:

Factory, by industries 10Nonmanufacturing industries 11

Employment, security operations 12Emigration and immigration - 21Engineering construction 5Exchange rates, foreign 16Expenditures, United States Government 17Explosives 23Exports _ 20Factory, employment, pay rolls, hours, wages. 9,

10,11,12,13,14Failures, industrial and commercial 3Fairchild's retail price index 4Farm wages 14Farm prices, index 3, 4Fats and oils 4,23,24Federal Government, finance 17Federal Reserve banks, condition of 14, 15Federal Reserve reporting member banks 15Fertilizers 4,23Fire losses 6Fish oils and fish _ 2\ 27Flaxseed._ ___ 24Flooring 29Flour, wheat 27Food products _. 2

3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11,12,13,14, 17. 25. 26, 27, 28Footwear.. 2,4,7,8,10,12,13,28Foreclosures, real estate 6Foundry equipment 31Freight cars (equipment) 36Freight carloadtnys, cars, indexes 21Freight-car surplus 21Fruits and vegetables 2,3,4,26Fuel equipment and heating apparatus 31Fuels. 2.3,4.33Furniture 1,4,10, 11, 12, 13, 29Gas, customers, sales, revenues 25Gas and fuel oils 33Gasoline. ._ . 33, 34Glass and glassware (see also Stone, clay, etc.). 1, 2, 34Glycerine 23Gold . 16Goods in warehouses 7Grains 3, 26Gypsum 34Hides and skins. 4, 28Highways 5, 11Ho«s _ 27Home-loan banks, loans outstanding 6Home mortgages 6Hosiery. 4,35Hotels. . . 11,12,21Hours per week 11Housefurnishings 4, 6, 7, 8Housing. __ _ 3,4.5Immigration and emigration 21Imports. 20Income payments 1Income-tax receipts 17Incorporations, business, new 3Industrial production indexes 1, 2Instalment loans 15Instalment soles, department stores 8Insurance life 16Interest and money rates 15Inventories, manufacturers* and trade ._ 3,8Iron and steel, crude, manufacture*! 2,

3,4,9, 10,11, 12, 13,17,30Kerosene 34Labor force. 9Labor disputes, turn-over . 12Lamb and mutton 27Lard 27Lead __ 31Leather 1,2,4,10,11,12,13,28Linseed oil, cake, and meal ___. 24Livestock 1,3,27Loans, renl-estate, agricultural, bank, brokers*

Osee also Consumer credit). 6, 14,15. 17Locomotives 36Looms, woolen, activity 35Lubricants - 34Lumber 1, 2, 4,10,11,12,13, 29Machine activity, cotton, wool 35Machine tools 9,10,11, 12,13.31Machinery 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12. 13, 17, 31Magazine advertising 6,7Manufacturers* orders, shipments, inventories. 2. 3Manufacturing production indexes 1,2Meats and meat packing.. 1, 2, 3, 4. 10, 12. 13, 14. 27Metals 1, 2, 3, 4, 9,10,11,12,13,17, 30, 31Methanol 23Milk. 25. 26Minerals _ 2, 9,11, 12, 14Money supply 16Motor fuel 33.34Motor vehicles 7, 36

Pages marked SMotors, electrical 31Munitions production 2Newspaper advertising 6, 7Newsprint 32New York Stock Exchange 18,19, 20Oats 26Oils and fats 4, 23, 24Oleomargarine 24Operating businesses and business turn-over.. 3Orders, new, manufacturers' 2Paint and paint materials ._ 4,24Paper and pulp 2,3,4,10,11,12,13,14,32Paper products 32Passports issued 21Pay roll*, manufacturing and nonmanufactur-

ing industries 12Petroleum and products 2,

3, 4,10,11,12,13,14,17,33, 34Pig iron _ 30Plywood and veneer 29Porcelain enameled products 30Pork 27Postal business 7Postal savings . . 15Poultry and eggs 1,3,27Prices (see also Individual commodities):

Retail indexes . 4Wholesale indexes __ 4

Printing 2, 10, 11, 12,13,14, 32Profits, corporation 17Public assistance ._ 14Public utilities... 4, 5, 11, 12,14,17,18,19, 20Pullman Company * 22Pumps 31Purchasing power of the dollar 4Radio advertising . 6Railways, operations, equipment, financial sta-

tistics, employment, wages 11,12, 14,17,18, 19,20,21,22.36

Railways, street (see Street railways, etc.).Rayon ._ 2,4, 10,12,13,35Receipts, United States Government 17Reconstruction Finance Corporation, loans 17Rents (housing), index 3,4Retail trade:

All retail stores, sales 7,8Chain stores 8Department stores 8,9Mail order _ 7,8,9Rural, general merchandise 9

Rice 26Roofing, asphalt 34Rubber products... 2,3,4,10, 11,12,13,14Savings deposits 15Sheep and lambs 27Shipbuilding 2, 9,10,11,12,13Shipments, manufacturers' 2Shoes... - . 1,4, 7, 8,10,12,13, 28Shortenings 24Silver 16SVins __ 28Slaughtering and meat packing.. 2,10,12,13,14, 27Soybeans and soybean oil 24Spindle activity, cotton, wool 35Steel and iron (see Iron and steel).Steel, scrap 30Stocks, department stores (see also Manufac-

turers' inventories) 9Stocks, issues, prices, sales, yields. 19, 20Stone, clay, and glass products. 1, 2,10,11,12,13, 34Street railways end busses 11,12,14Sugar.. 28Sulphur 22Sulfuric acid 22Superphosphate . 23Telephone, telegraph, cable, and radio-tele-

graph carriers 11,12,14.17,22Textiles 2,3,4.10,11,12,13,35,36Tile 34Tin 31Tobacco 2,10, 11, 12,13,14,28Tools, machine 9,10,11,12,13,31Trade, retail and wholesale 7, 8, 9, 11,12, 14Transit lines, local 20, 21Transportation, commodity and passenger 20, 21Transportation equipment 1,

2,3,9,10,11, 12,13,17,36Travel 21,22Trucks and tractors 36Unemployment 9United States Government bonds. 17,18,19United States Government, finance 17United States Steel Corporation 30Utilities 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14,17,18,19, 20Variety stores. . . 7, 8Vegetable oils 23Vegetables and fruits 2,3,4,26Wages, factory and miscellaneous 13, 14War program, production and expenditures 2, 17War Savings Bonds 17Warehouses, spac^ occupied 7Water transportation, employment, pay rolls. 11,12Wheat and wheat flour 26,27Wholesale price indexes 4Wholesale trade 9Wood pulp _ 4,32Wool and wool manufactures. 2,4,10,12,13,35,36Zinc - 31Digitized for FRASER


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ForeignCommerce

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Foreign Commerce Weekly containsfeature articles on timely subjects of particular interestto the foreign trader. Regular departments includenews items by countries and commodities with sec-tions devoted to foreign exchange, finance, tariffsand trade controls, wartime commodity controls,commercial-law notes, book reviews.

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