Scanned by CamScanner · 1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-21 1 qAifcrf:vSif: yDxrf: 2557 yDwh: 2108 yDcIdwf. 2013 zkdefvduf; rhm-21 vdlefqAif

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1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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Owf:woj, zDOmifwif:ulef:bof./ eif,uSef,qof; bkrf,brf eldofumrf, wmif:pAwf:Omif;aOvh;Mwf;xkdif zoqef.Okifeef. Orf.c[;P;ao,ae,bOwf:woj, zDOmif wif:ulef: rD:vgif;bkrf,brf eldofumrf,aO auj,Omif; umrf,qef.OkifaO P;Mwf;xkdifvh; zoqef.Okifbof./ tdifeldof vgif;uSef,qof; bkrf,brfeldofumrf,? wmif:pAwf:wmif:Omif;eef.aO ykif,ej:aOj:ewef,w qif,tofOkdyf,vmwf;se vkuf;egif.ref: oj;]]qof;Ipmef: auj:wreh. rD:vgif;oj;]wmif:pAwf:wmif:Omif;(umrf,)}ehoj,}} ehbof./

Tzj;yAefqof;eh. qgrf:eif, uSef,qof; bkrf,brf wmif:pAwf:wmif:Omif;? ]]ayj:pAwf:pmh. vh;wmrfpmh.? ayj:pAwf:vD vh;wmrfvD}}eheef.umeftrf,vD rAof:qmif;vmhcmrf,zgef:pmh. zgef:qref:qldof:eef.auj; uSef,qof;ruf:ref;oj;]]trf,vDpAwf:(tudIdb)}}ehbof./ umeftefuSef,qof; oj; ]trf,vDpAwf:}}ehqldof:eef.aw. yAefumef-vgif;cj;pSrfyldef;wmh?vgif;vuf.clof:cgifyldef;?vgif;zdwf:uj,ar,Ok?vgif;ySwf.vSefyldef;?vgif;vmwf;uGmrf:pkuf:pmh.(vj,)yldef;?vgif;bblif:cmhuof: P;yldef;qif:uef?vgif;vmwf;uGmrf:trf,rD:zgef:vD?vgif;vgrfuBmrf,clof:cgifyldef;?vgif;olef.wj,cj;pSrfyldef;sv;vgif;olef.zdwf:yldif; eldofIwej,Omrfqof;

qldof:eef.bof./ umefOdyf:yldif teftrf,vDpAwf:Omif;qldof:eh. Mif.oj;]umeftrf,vD(-Wkqf

qIdw)Odyf:yldifbof./ Nofabj;ref:aw. umefrAof:tef tdiftoferf.q[uof,Oof;(udav,Oj,)aOpAwf:Omif;? xSif;vgif;ekdif;auj; ayj:pAwf:Omif;sv; awyAefudav,Oj,rj: wD;rmuf,Nofq[wif:vlifeef. ruf:ref;oj; ]]yAefumeftrf,vDpAwf:? yAefumefvDildif.so;}}ehrlwf:bof./

bgef. uSef,qof; rD:wmif:bkrf,brf eif,eefsv; ayj:vgrfwlnf:ckdef: ykdef:qof; rldof;zgif:wkduf.Omif;yj,IrD,bl, wD;e[:cmof:wmif:Orf,OIj,? yAefzockef? zoykif,ej:rj: e[:vmhqmwf;vmhymefqldof:eef. uSef,qof;bmrf;ildif.so; umeftrf,vDrj:auj; wif:erfwif:vmhbof./ vldofaOeef. xkdifymefuSef,qof; rj:yAefTzj:bof.auj;Orf.cSef:pjwD;oj;trf,rD:aO ildif.so;sw."oj;"bof./ bgef.pefxkdifoj;]]ayj:pAwf:pmh. awvh;wmrfpmh.}}ehsv; qif,ildif.so;bof./ tdifvlnf; uSef,qof; rD:wmif:pefxkdifoj; ]]uj;yAefumeftrf,vDwif:vlifeef. trf,vDpAwf:Omif;}}eheef.aO rldof;ykif,ej:tkwb ugj,xlyf:uSef,qof; wD;iof;rh.OvArf: uj;wD;e[: rldif:ao,Ih,qeef. uSef,qof;qif,bkdefwlof uSef,qof;oj;wlofuof,yAef]]tudIdbojWD-zl; rD:ymh:pefoj;trf,vDpAwf:}}ehbof./

ulnf:uj; ]]uj;yAefumeftrf,vDwif:vlifeef.trf,vDpAwf:}}ehaOw uj;yAefumefvDwif:vlifaw. Orf.pefxkdifoj; ]]vDpAwf:(udIdb)?ayj: pAwf:umefvDugef, qif,vh;wmrfvD? qif,vh;qmrf,ylnf; vgif;vD}}ehbof./ umeftef uSef,qof; pefxkdifoj; vDpAwf:eef. yAefumefydef;zlef wkqIdwf;Odyf:yldif tefserj:bof. rldof;


12

uh,eef.bof./ ayj:eefauj; umef-ildif.so; vgif;cj;pSrfyldef;wmh?ildif.so; vgif;vuf.vgrf clof:cgifyldef;?ildif.so; vgif;zdwf:uj,ar,Ok?ildif.so; vgif;ySwf.vSefyldef;?ildif.so; vgif;vmwf;uGmrf:pkuf:pmh.?ildif.so; vgif;cmhuof: P;yldef;zdwf:uef?ildif.so; vgif;vmwf;uGmrf:trf,rD:zgef:vD?ildif.so; vgif;olef.uBmrf,eldofclof:cgifyldef;?ildif.so; vgif;c[;cDeAuf:wAuf:wAifyldef;sv;ildif.so; vgif;olef.zdwf:eldofIwej,Omrf

qof;qldof:eef. Ogef,oj;-yAefumefvD(OkqIdw)? umeftefvDpAwf: vDOmif;bof./ vldofaOeef. uj;yAefumef tefvh;tdiftof erf.q[vDaOsv; pAwf:Omif;? ayj:pAwf:Omif;pmif;ygifsv; awyAefumeftef xSif;pSif:erf.q[vDrj:wif:vlifeef. ruf:ref; oj;-yAefumefvD? umeftefvDpAwf:Omif;bof./

bgef.rD:wmif:pefoj; ]]uj;yAef umefvDwif:vlif vDpAwf:Omif;}}ehsv; sw,tof ymefuSef,qof; yAefqof;baO:Okar,xj,eef.rj: e[:cmof:wmif: OD,tOif,ac, ymhOSefurf,zj, eef.qif,tofumefyj,IrD,Odyf:yldifqldof:eef. oj;yAefumefvDaO tofpAwf:Omif; uBmif.umrfrj:awj,ayj:yAefTzj: Orf,rj,Orf,ykwf.xbof./

omh:aO uSef,qof; yAefTzj:bof.aw. umeftrf,vDeef. trf,vh;wif;q[ildif.so;aO toftIpwf.wrmuf; wwf:cmwf,ymwf,Okwf:ySwf;wif:rlwf:bof.sv; vh;Okdyf,pAwf:Omif; umefvDugj,ulnf:bof./ umefvD tefuSef,qof; Okdyf,pAwf: omh:uSef,qof; yAefTzj:bof.eef.aw.

cwf:q[ pjvmwf;apj:seyldef; wmif;pk tefqkdof;q[;rmef,rSef;bof./ sw,tofqArfrldof; yAefTzj:aO awj,ayj:xkdif oef:cof;qmrf,edyf.ymef, cmof:wmif: 45 yD trf,vkdof;trf,Oof:aOpjOif,Ogefygef;thg,yefyldef; oef:"ckdef:"bof./ tefuSef,qof; pAwf:Omif; eif,eefeef. bgef.rD:wmif:bkrf,brfoj; ]]yefwmif:pkwj,yldef;eh. yAefumefvD}}ehsv; pAwf:bof./

tdifvlnf; uSef,qof; rD:wmif:pefxkdifoj; ]]uj;yAefumefvDwif:vlifeef. vDpAwf:Omif;}}eheef.aO ykif,ej: aOj:ewef,w qif,tofOkdyf,vmwf;se vkuf;egif.way:ref:oj; ]]qof;Ipmef: auj:wreh. rD:vgif;oj; ukdif,vD pAwf:Omif;(udIdbojWD)oj,}}ehbof./

ukif, erf.uwf. wmif:bmrf Tzj:yAefqof;eh.rguf;uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:trf,uj: Orf.ymharjtgef zl;vDulef:rBmwf;cof cof;Ol,ql:xkdif wD;trf, wrf,abj;? trf,eefauj; trf,tgefzl;rBmwf; cof Ndif;ql:wD;wrf,abj;-ehvl:ugef,bof./ zl;tgefNofyldef;sv; trf,tgefvkuf;egif.way: uifuifuj:uj:aO tgefMwf;xkdif wD;uwf:bAef vh;vDvDtefoj;eh. yAeferf.uwf.wmif:brf tefvDtofukif,tofrkefvlifrAof:ekdif;bof./

zl;tgefNof umrf.yj;erfeh. trf,ayj:Ol; arjtgefvkuf;egif. Mwf;xkdif wD;uwf:bAefvh;aOav,uh.tofumwf;wj; umwf;wmif:ySwf;v[? wlduf;wD;oj; Mwf;xkdifugj, bldif:rmhaOw uh.av, vkb[,Okrf:vlif qAyf:OSyf,bof.aO qif,Mwf; ugj,v[qldof:eh.bof./

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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e[:zl;tgefNof teftgef vkuf;egif. umwf;ySwf;eef. ayj:awtofuGmrf:e[:ykdef:oj;qkdifawvh;pefyAef Ohqbayvwf.xykwf.wqugj,TOj,rdwf.Oj,wdwf.xdvlif Nuf:auj.bof./cofqldof:eef. yAefzl;tef uldwf,nj:rldof;ymefvAofuef wif:Tzj:aO tgefNofsw,wif: pAwf:yAefNofqkrf: pif:z[,pif:ref:bof./ ulnf:uj; oj,w tefcofbkrf,brf qldof:eef. bldif:rmhcof yAefOifsw."auj; trf,qmif;vmwf;? vmh:umef cofwj,Mwf;xkdif bldif:rmheef.auj; wif:bldif:rmhtrf,ugj,OefvAofuefsv; urf:vkdef:Okwf:rj:bj,oj; awtgefvkuf;egif. Mwf;xkdif wD;uwf:bAefvj;? awj;uj; wlofcof wif:ymh yhwmif:zdwf:yldif;aO wluf:Mwf;zo qef.wSrf,ugj,vl:ugef,bof./ ayj:yAefeefqkdif trf,vh;oj; yAefzl;arjtgef zl;vDcof cof;Ol,ql:xkdif wD;trf,wrf,abj;vj:"bof./

vldofaOeef. eif,e[:umefzj,Oj, oj,wyAefeefeef. e[:oj,wumefrldif: teftrf,tgefulef:rldif: Mwf;xkdifvh; wD;zoqef.Okifeef.auj; awj,vh;pefbl,rD:eif,uof,bof./zl;tgefNof ulef:rldif:urf;zgif;eh. tgefulef:rldif: wh,eldofOAef;wmif:umefrldif:aO vmwf;seoj;]]rldof;eef. rldof;eh. tmef:yAefeef yAefeh}}ehaO ywf.sw.ywf.wldof,bof./ ulnf:uj;omh:vkdef:rj:aw. tgefulef:rldif: wluf:zmefcmefq[ugj,wif:qef:auj;rD:bof./ ayj:yAefeefauj; trf,vh;oj; yAefzl;arjtgefyldef;Mwf;xkdifzoqef.Okif wD;trf,wrf,abj;eif,uof,/

zl;tgefNof umefrldif:urf;zgif;aw. tgeftofulef:rldif: wh,eldofOAef;wmif:umefrldif: qgif,qD;qgif,qSifaO Mwf;xkdif bldif:rmh wD;tmef:Mwf;bl,eif,uof,/ ulnf:uj; zldof,omh,wlnf:ckdef: ykdef:yj;vifqkdif Orf.ayj:yAefykdef:pmif;q vkb[,Okrf:erfqgrf:sw."bof./ ayj:yAefeefaw.trf,xkdifwD;vh;tmrf:oj;]]uBej,}}ehaOwauj;awj.sw.cSef:aO teftrf,tgefMwf;xkdifbldif:rmhvh;aO xkdifwD;zoqef.wSrf,ugj,eef.sw.sw.bof./

ulnf:uj; Tzj:yAefqof;aw. trf,q[;eif,eef? arjtgef zl;xgwf;ulef:rBmwf; eif,qof;Oj,Idykwf.wIj,? qof;rpj,rguf,uvef,? qof;rpj,uwf.Oycofqof;qugj, cof;Ol,ql:xkdif wD;ylef.vgwf; vgif;uldwf,xof;yAefwmh tefyAefrldif:crf:rpj,edyf.ymef,eef.bof./ vguf:vmh:tefuSef,qof; arjtgefcof;Ol, wD;trf,wrf,abj;eef.auj; trf,rD:vgif;zdwf:zSuf,ySuf,yldif;Ndif;uldif:? trf,vh;vkb[,Okrf:erfOifaOsv;cof;Ol,Mwf;xkdifugj, qef.avj:ukwf;wIj, wif:vDwif:imrf:bof./ tdifeldofvlnf;vgif;eef.aO ykif,ej:aOj:ewef,w qif,tofOkdyf,tmrf:atj: ukif,erf.uwf. wmif:brf Tzj:yAefqof; seyef vkuf;egif.way:ref:oj;]]qof;Ipmef:auj:wreh. qmif;tgef zl;rBmwf;cofNdif;ql: wD;trf,wrf,abj; (trf,eef-trf,tgef zl;rBmwf;cof Ndif;ql: wD;wrf,abj;)oj,}}ehbof./

P;zl; pyf.vl vAyf;pAef: pof:cof arjygif,q[acj;vduf;aO bkrf,brf eldofTzj:yAefqof; qof;


14

tefrD:vgif;bkrf,brf eldofwmif:pAwf:wmif:Omif;? tefarjtgef zl;vDulef:rBmwf;cofqof;cof;Ol,ql:xkdif wD;trf,wrf,abj;eef.aOsv; arjbkrfbrfumrf, wmif:pAwf:wmif:Omif;wlofuof,aO pAwf:Omif;pmif;ygif umefvD? arj

tgefyldef; cof;Ol;ql:xkdif wD;trf,wrf,abj;?wD;trf,xmef;wSrf;eef. aOurf:vlnf;-

qof;TOj,rl dif:ukwf;qof;TOj,rl dif:ukwf;qof;TOj,rl dif:ukwf;qof;TOj,rl dif:ukwf;qof;TOj,rl dif:ukwf;2013-10-27

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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rdlof;yguf;edkif; au,Od au,Od au,Od au,Od au,Od arjykduf.r rdlof:ql:Tzj:?eyf.brfaO eif;bl,wD;edkif;eef. ykwf.xqof; xmrfoj;- ]]au,Od? qof;uof,eh. ]yAefarjykduf.rvD}eh qdkof;OAifvdkof:oh.bof./ reef.qof;uof, pAwf:pdkofvmh"aO ydkuf.aej:}}

]]Tzj:yAefqof;wD;cj;? reef. uofcj; tofvmh:tlef;aOsv;Oif? vmh:uBmrf:aO sv;Oif?vmh:tlef; vmh:uBmrf: avj:uefaO sv;OifOif,Ogefydkuf.zdkuf:cj;bof.}}

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]]au,Od©? vgif;Oif,Ogefulef:eef. uofqof;auj; tofvmh:tlef;aOsv;Oif? vmh:uBmrf:aOsv;Oif? vmh:tlef; vmh:uBmrf: avj:uefaOsv;Oif Oif,Ogefbof./ au,Od©? e[:uj;vmh:Oif,Ogef qdlof:eef. vmh:tlef; qrf.- vmwf;se vgif;pAwf:? vmwf;? olef. uBmrf,vD sv;zgef:vDref:aO Oif,Ogefbof./ vmh:uBmrf:qrf.- vmwf;se vgif;pAwf:? vmwf;? olef.uBmrf,

uSuf:qsv; zgef:pmh.qref:aO Oif,Ogefbof./ vmh:tlef; vmh:uBmrf: avj:uefqrf.-vmwf;se vgif;pAwf:? vmwf;? olef. uBmrf,vD sv;zgef:vDref:? vmwf;se vgif; pAwf:? vmwf;?olef.uBmrf,uSuf:q sv; zgef: pmh.qref: wif:OgifydlifaO Oif,Ogefbof.}}

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16

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ugif:rl; ugif:rl: odywf.Oej, qkdif;urf,zj,trf,eef xmwf;vluf;odywf.Oej, The GlobalVipassana Pagoda eh. yAefugif:rl: ulifaOw[;ref: yAefwj,eif;umef odywf.Oej,Twj:tefrD:qrf wD;oAif:ulof,Imh:? rD:qAif,Mif,oef:wluf:rkrf,ymh:(ykif,ay,)rldif: tdef,wdbeef.bl,/xmwf;vlifeh. wmrfwlof qgrfygifqkdif;vlif rldif:tdef,wdb yIj,wdYzxAof Pratibha Patilykdwf,zknf, yefuGj, rldof;oef:xd (8.2.2009)eef.bof./ xmwf;vli feh. vh;auj,Omif;oh.wD;ukefbgef,tefekdif; tefrD:e[:su;umif au:erf.ulof,Imh: sv; ymif,vmh, tj,IySef,yAefwD;vdef tef yldef; vl,wmef:oh.eef.bl,/bldif:tmef: vgif; auj,Omif; xmwf;vlif eh.sw.wj,wgyf,ukif,rkefau:ql: Tzj:yAefqof;? Twj:xrf:qof; sv; Oif,cj,qof; tefy[.yj: wkdof:urfTwj:Tzj:yAefqof; eef.ehbl,/

pmif;zmifugif:rl: tefauj,oh. eif,zdif;xkif:rmef; yAefpmif;ygrfugif:rl:Olnf,wukif,eh.Orf.yAefvgif; wj,wgyf,ukif,rkefrldif:rmef; tefvlvgrfy[.yj: xdif:Odrf: wkdof:urf odywf.Oej,eef.bl, bof./ vh;tofyldifauj,Omif; rldif:tdef,wD:bj:ymef,uof, sv; ydlifauj,Omif; umyf;ymef,r[, cof:clef:avj:sv:uefaO auj,oh. P;ayj:aw ref;udkrf:uGj, pAifyDymhehbl,/

vgif;Oyf:vSif:vgif;Oyf:vSif:vgif;Oyf:vSif:vgif;Oyf:vSif:vgif;Oyf:vSif:uSefumif xmwf;vluf;vlif odywf.Oej,eh.

vmh:cyf. rmuf,pdefref: q[.vmh:rldof;ugef,aO cyf.ulif,ckdef;uGj,? eldofref: vgrf;wkrf:wkrf: rldefeif,ykrf,cof; (rldefugif:rl:elrf:emif:)aO vh;oj; yAefrmuf,pdefcyf. tefb[,vldofyldef; e[:vkrf;zeh.bl,/ e[:umifref: trf,rD:Oofurf.Oif? yAefulifulif,ckdef; vgrf;wkrf:wkrf:oh./ wmif:Okifvgrf;rkif: ugif:rl:eh. rD:rguf; 29 rD,wldof,aO wmif:Okifugif:rl:Orf.rD:bl, 96.12 rD,wldof, (325 xwf:? xmwf;vlif

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

17

Olnf,wukif,sw. Okif 326 xwf:) sv; b[,uGmif;vldofaO ulof,vfurf,yqf. ulof,vfurf,yqf. ulof,vfurf,yqf. ulof,vfurf,yqf. ulof,vfurf,yqf. Gol Gumbaz DomeOgifykef; tefrD:wD; ydqzlof,? rldif;tdef,wD:bj.eef.bl,/ (rldof;tgefwmif: ulof,vfurf,ywf.eh.yAef pdefcyf.vgrf;wkrf: b[,aOyldef; e[:vkrf;zbof.) wmif:uGmif;bmof: vgrf;wkrf: ugif:rl: zmh,eguf;eh. rD:bl, 97.46 rD,wldof,? zmh,wSrf,Orf.rD:bl, 94. 82 rD,wldof,aO wmif:uGmif;bmof: vgrf;wkrf: ugif:rl: zmh,wif:e[: Orf.rD:bl, 85.15 rD,wldof,bl,bof./ e[:ulifugif:rl:Orf. tofpAwf:yAeftgif;wD;eif;umefTwj:? wmif:uGmif;rD: 6000rD,wldof, vldof (65000 xwf:)? ulef: 8000 ymhcof;eif; wkdof:urfTwj:vh; e[:ref:/ rldof;oef:xd(21.12. 2008)eef. cl:vlifuloftdif,uj, erf:ej;aO vh:qwf:pAwf: ymifeif;Twj: ekdif;oef:pAwf:yAef rmhwgif:oef:ykdwf,zknf, xmwf;vlifbl,bof./

bldif:tmef: vgif;auj,Omif; xmwf;vlifeh.sw. qldif.eif,oj;rj:eef.bof. wj,awwgyf,ukif,ukef:rkefiof: Tzj:yAefqof; tefapj:Oif,OgefTwj:? wj,ckwf:ySwf; pmuf;vgif;cmefq[wif:OAif;? wj,yluf:ygif P;ulef:wif:erf N.vgif;qmwf;ymef sv; uGmrf:Oif,OgefTzj:yAefqof;? wj,yefwD; bl, ulef:tefOlifq[ eif;Twj:eef.bof./vgif;ykdwf,zknf, ymifTwj:Odyf:oef:eef.auj;yAefbldif: tmef: vgif;auj,Omif; xmwf;vlifeh.bl,/

ykdef:vgif;auj,Omif;ykdef:vgif;auj,Omif;ykdef:vgif;auj,Omif;ykdef:vgif;auj,Omif;ykdef:vgif;auj,Omif;zSefumefwj,auj,xmwf;vlifeh. vh;sw,

rj:rldof;yD 1997 aOwj. tefvh; yAefauj,Omif;

rj:sw. yAefrldof;yD 2000 wArf/ ugif:rl:eh.cof;yj:oh. vgrf;wkrf: tgef,Omrftef/ vgrf;wkrf:xdekdif; tefb[,Okwf:sw. auj,bof.uGj,rldof;vldeftguf, xlof,yldof, 2006 aO vh;tofxmwf;u So f ; Tzj: auj: wr xj,yej,o h .e[:tefeh. r l do f ;oef:xd 29.10.2006eef.bof./ vgi f ;auj,Omi f ;tef eh.yAeftefb[,xdOkwf: e[:vkrf;zj. tefxj,yej,oh. xmwf;uSof;Tzj:yAefqof;eef.bl,/xmwf;uSof; tefeh. vh;rj: wrf;wD; ugif:rl:ypwD,yIlof,vl, Bhattiprolu wD;sq;wgef;uef, xldof,uef, xldof,uef, xldof,uef, xldof,uef, xldof,Guntur tef,wIj,yIj,wAwf.r l di f :tdef, wdb ygwf:qmef:/ r l,qkr f:rpj,aYj:xdOlof,OSuf. xD, rldif:tdef,wdbsv;qgrfzgif:vlif rldif:OD,Id vif,uj, vl,wmef:yefwj,xj,yej, e[:xmwf; vlifeh.bl,/ vgrf;wkrf:rmhOgif sv;rmhOmrf vh; auj,Ogef.O[,eldofvgrf;wkrf: rmhekdif;bl,/ vgif; auj,Omif; vgrf;wkrf:rmhOmrfeh.sw. vh;auj,bof. uGj, rldof;oef:xd 21vldefelof, orf,yldof, 2008 bof./

umefauj,Omif; xmwf;vluf;vlifodywf.Oej,eh.rD:yj: zSefumef wj,Omif;yj: Mif;seydkef:Tzj;sv; pmif;uAof,vlnf; acj;Oif,OgefTzj: yAefqof;bl,/ ayj:ref: bof.wlof;sw. rkif;rgif:oj;ulef:rkdef,auj. awqmif;rj: tSof,vAyf;pAef:vh;ul;yDehbl,/ uAof,vlnf; umefpAef: tefxmwf;vluf;vlif odywf.Oej, cyf:ckdif pmif;pSef:oh.eh.sw. wj,tofacj;Tzj:yAefqof; Oif,Ogef pAwf:yAef OAef;wmif: umh,clofql: vgif;Oldof:q[ tefqSwf;rmef,eef.bl,/


18

zSefumefauj,Omif; tefcof;yj: e[:vgif;omif:zSef xmwf;vlifeh. seoh. eif,yj;w[;eh./(1) vgrf;wkrf:ugif:rl: teftofxmwf;uSof;Tzj:yAefqof; xj,yej,oh./ (2) Mif;xrf,rj,blif, wj,eif;umefTwj:/ (3) Mif;seykdef:Tzj:yAefqof;/ (4)xmwf;tgef,OgifOl, auj,oh.zmh,Mif,sv; zmh,qmef:/ (5) Nif:wlnf:vduf;sv; Mif;vlvduf;/(6) OAef;wmif:yhvAyf;ugif:rl:/ (7) Nif:ukrf:umef/(8) wD;qgwf,vlwf.w[;vdef/ qldof:eh.bl,bof./

xmwf;zmh,qmef: tefrD:qrf xmwf;vlifeef.auj; cof;yj:oh. Mif;eif;Twj: 108 Mif;aOyAef ykef;wj, vkuf;pAef; qldof:vAyf;pAef: odywf.Oej,cof wkdof:urfvAyf;pAef:eef.bl,/

cldif;q[.wkdof:e[:umefauj,Omif;cl dif;q[.wkdof:e[:umefauj,Omif;cl dif;q[.wkdof:e[:umefauj,Omif;cl dif;q[.wkdof:e[:umefauj,Omif;cl dif;q[.wkdof:e[:umefauj,Omif;ykdef.xmwfvlifeh. vh;tofrmuf,pdefvghzh:

aO auj,oh.? vgrf;wkrf: ugif:rl:Orf. tofrmuf,pdefOmh: teftguf,wD; oAif:Ij,qwf.Owef,eef.

auj,Omif;oh.bl,/ wkrfrmuf,pdefOmh:ekdif;wkrf,eh.erf.euf:ref:rD: 600 awj, 700 uD,vlof,? tofq[. qldif.eif,rmuf,tkwf,aO cyf:Omefuefoh.P; ref;ukdrf:? wD;tef pmrf.pmif,uefoh.eef. tofxkefOmh: eguf:avj:uefaOO[,oh.bl,/ OAef;wmif:yhvAyf;Orf. tofpdefcmofaOOldof,oh. bl,/wj,awauj,Omif; xmwf;vluf;odywf.Oej, eh.vh;q[.wkdof: erf.euf: tkwf,rmuf,pdef 2.5vmef.wmef,/

qduf:xmwf;vlifsw. tofrmuf,pdefuSof; Omif;oh.aO tofcrf:qSwf;qSwf;apj,oh.? xmwf;vlifOrf. tofODcrf:aO wj:oh.bl,bof./ xD:ref:sw. vh;tof tefrldif:rmef; vl,wmef:oh.eef.aO wmif,oh.bl,/ zuf:wluldef, wif:OAif; tofrh.tefcSuf:rj: wD;rldif:rmef;eef.aO O[,oh.bl,bof./

qof;ynf,nj,aqj:w (crf:rlef:)qof;ynf,nj,aqj:w (crf:rlef:)qof;ynf,nj,aqj:w (crf:rlef:)qof;ynf,nj,aqj:w (crf:rlef:)qof;ynf,nj,aqj:w (crf:rlef:)

vmh:yAefaOK:wK,ymef,(4)yldifvmh:yAefaOK:wK,ymef,(4)yldifvmh:yAefaOK:wK,ymef,(4)yldifvmh:yAefaOK:wK,ymef,(4)yldifvmh:yAefaOK:wK,ymef,(4)yldif(1) OyfykIdOO>aOo OyfykIdOO>aOo OyfykIdOO>aOo OyfykIdOO>aOo OyfykIdOO>aOo- vlof,vh;Nyf.xlyf: wD;tefrD:auj.arjseTwj: OAef;wmif:uGj,edyf.ymef,?(2) OWfXrfrOoeOWfXrfrOoeOWfXrfrOoeOWfXrfrOoeOWfXrfrOoe- vlof,vh;xgrf,Twj: TzK:yAefqof;?(3) XrfrjekXrfry#dywfwd XrfrjekXrfry#dywfwd XrfrjekXrfry#dywfwd XrfrjekXrfry#dywfwd XrfrjekXrfry#dywfwd- xgrf,Twj:bof.aO? uBmif.urfqgrf: OAef;wmif:Twj: tefawvh; rmuf,zlof,?(4) abjedaOjreOdujIabjedaOjreOdujIabjedaOjreOdujIabjedaOjreOdujIabjedaOjreOdujI- rD:erf.q[rmef,rSef; tofO[,q[O[,acj:/

zkdeftdif- rpjouf.uOrf,bkwf;

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

19

(1) udefOkif:qmhrj: qArfrdlof;vAuf./(2) uBmif.urfzj,oej, urf,rxmef:rj: qArf;rdlof;vAuf./(3) rD:q[pwf:pmef uBmif.urfzj,oej,e[:xldef,vdkuf. bl,pif:ulnf:qof;yj:vAof/(4) zj,Oj,uGmrf:vmwf; ul;vmhbmif, trf,rD:vgif;OgefpAef:tofaO arjrj:pif:ulnf:/(5) tofvhm:qkuf:aO sz;wdlef:zj,oej,Twj: trf,wlif. trf,edkif cmof:wmif:qAwf:oef:/(6) tofvhm:eif;aO sz;wdlef:zj,oej,Twj: trf,wlif. trf,ekdif cmof:wmif:qAwf:oef:/(7) e[:oj,cmof:wmif:Omrfvdlef uSef,qof; cof;xrf;ul;wj,aO,? ul;yDrdlif:/(8) e[:oj,cmof:wmif:Omrfvdlef rdlof;uBmif.urfTwj:e[:xrf;eef. trf,Okif:cof;Ogrf:? zuf:Ogrf:Oif

aO ulnf:Okiff:rmuf,rh.ydlifvAof/(9) e[:oj,cmof:wmif:Omrfvdlef qof;trf,vmwf;uGmrf:aOacj;/(10) acj;OAifxrf: wgef;wj,aw apj:Twj:yefydlef;eef.auj; uBmif.urfTwj:aO pkpefrj:

pif:ulnf:/(11) edlofulef:wif:vhmeef. uSef,qof;oh.q[rAwf.wj, zAif,"aO uyf:Odkyf, vmwf;awj,/(12) cdif,cmof:uwf: ulef:xrf,rwj,wif:vhmcof uGj,rj: bl,Oof:uwf:Oef,bl,auj;

qof;cl:oj:okef:qkrf.eh. trf,wdkof:cSyf:wdefOifaO qof;uGj,rj:yhvlrfvh;/(13) cdif,cmof:rh; wD;eifvdef tefrh;vdlwf;eef.sv;Oif wD;tefrD:rmuf,pdef_ rmuf,Ohm:uBmrf:

ej,eef.sv;Oif ulef:wif:vhmcof wdkof:cSyf:aO uGj,rj:uefbl,auj; qof;cl:oj:okef:qkrf:eh.trf,wdkof:cSyf:wdefOifaO qof;uGj,rj:yhvlrfvh;/

(14) uSof; OSif idkef: crf:? cdlif;ekif;wmif:rh? vgif;udefwmif:brf.sw,uGj,qdlof:eh. uSef,qof;trf,rD:q[ qyf:Mh; qhg:ySef:OifaO qkef.vl,yefydlef;wmif,auj.vh; ihm;"vlrf"/


20

(15) uSef,qof; tgefNofxlof:ej;aO pAwf:vl,owf.? Ojvj:? ugif:rl: tduf,vgif;auj,Omif; wif:erfwif:vhm/

(16) trf,oj; wD;qrfpdkof wD;uh? trf,oj; rdlif:yldef; rdlif:pof: ayj:oj;qof;rD:q[c[;uRj. abj:cdif:ehqkdifqof;cof; twdwf.xmef,aO abj:cdif:uGj,vh;ihm;"vlrf"/

(17) ul;qof.e[oef:crf; qof;oh;Tzj:aO Olif,rAwf.wj,xdkif zDOmifOwf:ulef:wif:vhmul;rdlof;/(18) qof;pkpefvh; tgif;wD;xmwf;xgwf; xmwf;rBmwf; tefuAof,uyf:vlnf; ykwf.xOj,Oej,/(19) ykdif;tdifukif, OD,v? Orj,xdqof;aO trf,xkuf, wlofrD:ugif.phm.cof rj:clyf:? rj:Ouf:/(20) wlofcdif:qof;auj; trf,bgrf? trf,yD:? trf,Okif? trf,wSrf,aO OAifvmwf;rD:atj:qj,/

ulef:wif:vhm rgif:c[;xlyf:? c[;vl, c[;oh;/ vl,bof. bif:wdkuf.rD:q[ c[;vl,xSif;/ xrf:Twj:qof;auj; ayj:z[vh;xgrf,bof.? y[.rgif:P;vh;xgrf,xSif;/ idef:cmof,ulnf:auj; rD:q[c[;vl,c[;oh;Ojqof;/

(21) cmof,imof: wmif:wkdof:urfqof; rdlif:rmef;? rldif:xh:? rdlif:vmof:? rdlif:sc,? rdlif:yl,wmef,sv;rldif:wif:erf N.xkdifaO eyf.brf/

(22) umifq[yldef; yAefpkdof rD:pkdofehauj; qof;vmrf:N.xkdifvh;/(23) qof;uBmif.urf twdwf.xmef, bl,vh;e[:xrf;pdkif OmrfyD? Omrfvldef? Omrfoef:? Omrfej,vD,?

Omrfrdedwf. OmrfOduf. sw,uGj,qdlof:eh.aO yAefvgif;vmuf,vmh:vlifurf;zgif; wrf;wD;edlofqof;cl:oj:okef:qkrf.bl,bof./

ukef:rkefOyfykIdO(7)yj:ukef:rkefOyfykIdO(7)yj:ukef:rkefOyfykIdO(7)yj:ukef:rkefOyfykIdO(7)yj:ukef:rkefOyfykIdO(7)yj:(1) ydabjqydabjqydabjqydabjqydabjq= rD:Odefxrf:wArfxlef;sv; zDOmifOwf:ulef:cofpuf.Mrf/(2) UIkqUIkqUIkqUIkqUIkq= rD:Odef? Orj,xdwArfxlef;sv; zDOmifOwf:ulef:cofeyf.brf/(3) zjoedabjqzjoedabjqzjoedabjqzjoedabjqzjoedabjq= rD:Odef? Orj,xd? ynf,nj,wArfxlef;sv; udkif,pyf.xlduf;wmif:bkuf.

bgif; zDOmifOwf:ulef:cof/(4) owfwjqowfwjqowfwjqowfwjqowfwjq= tefwgif;xmrfrj:qdlof:eef. trf,vh;olef.erfaOsv; wgyf,vh;ihm;"vlrf"(5) oqeufcarjqoqeufcarjqoqeufcarjqoqeufcarjqoqeufcarjq= wgyf,vmwf;yef zl;auj.tefrj:wgif;xmrfeef. trf,yefvdlwf,rh;/(6) UrfzDInfq tx> twfwjqUrfzDInfq tx> twfwjqUrfzDInfq tx> twfwjqUrfzDInfq tx> twfwjqUrfzDInfq tx> twfwjq= arjOyf:vSif:yefTwj: tefvdkuf.vrf,uGmif;cGmif/(7) aejq tXjae edabjqabaejq tXjae edabjqabaejq tXjae edabjqabaejq tXjae edabjqabaejq tXjae edabjqab= wD;trf,rD:vgif;wmif:? wD;trf,rD:zgef:vDeef.

trf,wdkuf:Olef:/(tifUkwfwIedujb?Owfwuedymwf;)

Omif,awj, (rdlif:ukwf;)

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

21

S.N Goenka ulof,tif,uj, (30.1.1924 -29.9.2013) eh. cof;yAef cl:OgefpAef:vlif zmh,odywf.Oej,auj.ekdif;auj;oj; yAefauj.teftof Twj:odywf.Oej, Okdyf,rkdwf;yef e[:urf,zj,auj;oj;vh;bl,/

vgif;tefref: sw,rj:pAwf:umefTwj: odywf.Oej,eef.sw. ref:yAefOax:ulef:uj.vlifauj.ekdif;aOwj. Orf.rD:wmif:yAef Nofch;sv; uGj,blwf:bjxkdif eguf;rldif:auj; trf,pmhcSef:/ xkdifwD; vh;uGj,zkduf:pAwf:umefTwj: odywf.Oej, wrf;wD;tl:ycdef,bof. Nofch;ref:auj;pmhcSef:uGj,aO N.ygif,vgif;euf:qlrf umefTwj:odywf.Oej,rj:/ ckdef:yAefcl:vlif ylifOgefodywf.Oej, qkdof;OAifb[,e[:urf,zj,auj.ekdif;/

yd kef:yd kef:yd kef:yd kef:yd kef:udlwf,pefej; rldof; 1924 vldefuBef,edof:

oID, 30 oef: wrf;wD; oAif:vldof,(rmef:wav:)aO ayj;sr;sw. yAefqmof:pdef,wl, rj,oID,rj,oID,rj,oID,rj,oID,rj,oID,/

ulof,tdif,uj, b[,rj: e[:su;qmof:zdif; zj,Oj,pdef,wl, qArfvAuf.bl,/ xkdifrj: 1955 ref:ayj;cwf:q[yAefrj:vh; zl;rmuf;rD:auj.ekdif;/ rldof;tj,bkref: vh;rj: 31 eef. ref:vh;rD:wmif:yAef Nofch;sv; pAwf:pkdofblwf:bjauj; awj;trf,cSef:/ tlnf:auj.tlnf:aO; urf;zgif; yefwmif:c[;q[oj; P;ref:uGj,pAwf:wlnf: umefTwj:odywf.Oej,ehsv; ref:qif,uGj,xlyf:pef cl:seTwj: tl:ycdef, (1899-1971) aO qif,vh;cmrf,pyf.tof yAefvkuf;OAwf,wsy:auj.ekdif;/

yAefrj:cl:Ogefodywf.Oej,yAefrj:cl:Ogefodywf.Oej,yAefrj:cl:Ogefodywf.Oej,yAefrj:cl:Ogefodywf.Oej,yAefrj:cl:Ogefodywf.Oej,omh:eef. ref:zkduf:pAef:tofTwj: wrf;wD;

tl:ycdef,vDvDaO xkdifwD;vh;rj: 14 yD rldof;1969 eef. tl:ycdef, qif,yefteknmwf;P;ref: pAwf:yAef cl:Ogefodywf.Oej,auj.ekdif;/ ref;auj; qif,tof umefymh:rmuf;rD:ref:ylifyef vkuf;vmif:yD;egif.ref:aO cmh.eDrldof:bl,wrf;wD; rldif:tdef,wdb wD;tefref:sw,


22

ykdwf,zknf, odywf.Oej, zkduf:pAwf:TOj,seTwj:eef.bof./

omh:aOvh;rj: qAwf:yD rldof; 1976 eef.ref:sw,ydkwf,zknf,vh; The Vipassana In-ternational Academy wrf;wD ;t D , uw f . y l , I D , t D , uw f . y l , I D , t D , uw f . y l , I D , t D , uw f . y l , I D , t D , uw f . y l , I D , Igatpuri wD;p dr f :eOBduf.cfrpj,Iwf.Tw eOBduf.cfrpj,Iwf.Tw eOBduf.cfrpj,Iwf.Tw eOBduf.cfrpj,Iwf.Tw eOBduf.cfrpj,Iwf.Tw Nashik Maharashtraeef.aO xrf,rudId xrf,rudId xrf,rudId xrf,rudId xrf,rudId ehauj; ydlef;tgefuefN.xk di fb l ,/ u lo f ,tdi f ,u j , p Awf:c l :Ogefodywf.Oej, wD;eef; awj,xkdif 1982 aOzgi f :sw,wif ;y mi fz k du f :arjOgef Twj:odywf.Oej,bl,eef. xkdifrj: 1985 ref:wif;yAef Vipassana Research Institue qkrf:clef.cGj.odywf.Oej, wrf;wD; tD,uwf.yl,ID,eif,uof,/

sr,cGmuf;ej;umefTwj:sr,cGmuf;ej;umefTwj:sr,cGmuf;ej;umefTwj:sr,cGmuf;ej;umefTwj:sr,cGmuf;ej;umefTwj:

trf,pkdiftrf,emef: Okdyf,ykdwf,zknf, ymifTwj: odywf.Oej, 10 oef:aO xkdifrj: 1988pAef:Ogefyef umefTwj: wrf;wD; ulef:wif:erf Nrf;cof;yj: ulef:rldif:oef:wluf: tmef,NofpAifref:bof./

wrf;wD; e[:rldif:tdef,wdbeh. ref:yAefrj: zl;qkdof;OAif vkdof:vif vgif;trf,qSuf,szqmof:cldof:sv; vgif;uldof:brfaO szyefwmif:wkdof:urf odywf.Oej,bof./ ref:zkduf:zgef.yefvh; cl:Ogef odywf.Oej, 1300 auj.vldofaO ekdif;yD ekdif;yDeh. zl;tefrj: pAwf:umefTwj: odywf.Oej, trf,wSrf, 120,000 auj./

bmrf:awj;vAof udif,szymifTwj:ref: sz;wldef:rD:rj: 227 wD;aO qgwf,wlof;vluf;oh.bl,/tgif;wD; 120 wD;eef.sw. rD:oh. wrf;wD;rldif:94 rldif:aO rldif:tar,Idumef,? rldif:cae,wj,?atj:Oax:ID:bj:? edof:qD,vSef,? 'Imif,

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OAwf;? rldif:tif:udwf:? rldif:uBymef,? rldif:OD,Idvif,uj,? rldif:eD,ayj:? rldif:rmef;sv; rldif:xh:uof; rldif:eh. cof;yj:oh.bof./

wD;r l di f :tdef,wdbsw. udi f,szymifTwj:ref: rD:oh. 56 wD;/ Twj:ref: eef.ydef,yAefacj;uGmrf: (63) zj,Oj,vldofvdlof aOydkefsz;oh. e[:urf,zj,bl,/

xmwf;vluf; odywf.Oej,xmwf;vluf; odywf.Oej,xmwf;vluf; odywf.Oej,xmwf;vluf; odywf.Oej,xmwf;vluf; odywf.Oej,rldof; yDcIdwf. 2000 wArfeef. ref:sw,

auj,wif; Global Vipassana Pagoda xmwf;vluf;odywf.Oej, tefOkif 325 xwf: (bgrf:aO xmwf;vlifOlnf,wulif, xwf:ekdif;) wrf;wD; Gorai Beach wD; rkrf,ymh:rkrf,ymh:rkrf,ymh:rkrf,ymh:rkrf,ymh:/ xmwf;tefeh. yAefxmwf;ulif, teftof xmwf;uSof;Tzj:xj,yej,oh.aO Orf.yAef tgif;wD; eif;umefTwj: ykef;wj, ulef: 8000 eif;Twj:vh;/ awvh;oj; ref:pAwf: yl,aqj,yef TOj,vlifref:tl:ycdef, auj.tef c[;ckdef:tofTwj: Omh.wSef:yefckdef: rldif:tdef,wdb tefyAef rldif:iof;uof. odywf.Oej,/ ulnf:uj; TOj,vlifref: tl:ycdef,eef. awj,ayj:wmhuGj,auj; awj;trf,wef:vh; Mwf;xkdif rldif:tdef,wdb/ rldof;ymefeef. bgef.yldof; pAwf:r[cmrf;rldif:bmyf,/ umifq[cl:vlif ulof,tdif,uj, tefpAwf:xmwf;vlif eh.sw.P;yAef wD;ulef:wif:urf,zj, rj:zkduf:urf umefTwj:odywf.Oej,eef. bof.wlof;uGj,vDimrf:rldof;yD 2008 eef.bof./ ref:rkif;rgif:oj; tgif;wD;eh; awyAef clofvhumh,ql: ulef:ul;rldif:rldif:?ulef:ul;rl,ul;qkrf: ulef:ul;xmef;xmef; ulef:ul;qmof:cldof: rj:Nrf;uef pAwf:Omif; umefvD P;vh;yAef wD;uwf:bAef wD;vh;wmif:uwf:bAef idrf:

bAefehbl,/

yAefrj: zl;qkdof;vdkof:vifyAefrj: zl;qkdof;vdkof:vifyAefrj: zl;qkdof;vdkof:vifyAefrj: zl;qkdof;vdkof:vifyAefrj: zl;qkdof;vdkof:vifulof,tdif,uj,eh. yAefrj:auj. arjapj:vmwf;

zmh,ej;ulef:erfaOtrf,uj: Orf.yAef zl;wSrf;yj: zl;wSrf;vduf; zl;wSrf;oguf:auj.ekdif;vl:ugef,/ref:wSrf;vh; zj,Oj,tif:udwf.sv; pdef,wD,/

ref:eh. uGj,vh; cmof:wmif:uhaO ylifOgefacj;uGmrf:xrf:yef ulef:wif:urf,zj, cof;yj:qArf tgif;ymh:rmuf;rD:urf,zj, World EconomicForum tduf, Davos sv; vh;ckdef;Mwf; ymifukrfvlif irf:bAefurf,zj, Millennium WorldPeace Summit tefpAwf: wD;rldif:tar,Idumef, wD;oAif:edof:bguf. wD;vkrf:urf,zj,UN rldof;vldefatj:uwf. yD 2000 wArfeef.vl:ugef,/

xkdifrj: yD 2002 ref:vh;tofykef;zgef:wj,awtof Twj:odywf.Oej, Mwf;zSofsz;qgwf,xkdif tar,Idu ygwf:Mif,bl,bof./

ymifTwj:e[:cguf;ymifTwj:e[:cguf;ymifTwj:e[:cguf;ymifTwj:e[:cguf;ymifTwj:e[:cguf;vgif;ykdwf,ymifTwj:e[:cguf; rldif:tdef,wdb

sv; eguf;rldif:eh. cl:vlifulof,tdif,uj, yAefauj.sw,pAwf:tgef wmif:ydlef;bof./ rldof; 1990eef. wif;zl;rD:ykef;zgef:y[.cguf; qkdof;oj;uD,Ief,yD,wD,uD,Ief,yD,wD,uD,Ief,yD,wD,uD,Ief,yD,wD,uD,Ief,yD,wD, Kiran Bedi wD;edof:aw,vD,vh;q[uefaO ref:emif: tofulef:wjpmefref:rj:zkduf: umefTwj:odywf.Oej,aO wlofref:emif:auj; zkduf:pAef:qgrf:bof./ omh:eef.cofykdwf,zknf,ymifTwj: (10) oef:yef ulef:wluf:cguf; (1000) auj.bof./ omh:ref:rj: Okdyf,ykdwf,ymifTwj: e[:cguf; vmhvmhwD;aO ulef:wluf:cguf;


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rguf; (10000) vldof? yj:qArf ulef:y[.cguf; ulef:pAwf:umefwD;cguf;cof tgefuef zkduf:umefTwj: odywf.Oej,bof./

vgif;tef cl:vlif ulof,tdif,uj, uGj,ydkwf,ymifTwj:odywf.Oej, e[:xgif, rldif:tdef,wdeef.rD:zgef:vD ykef;wj, ulef:wluf:cguf;aOtrf,uj:rmifqldof: tguf,cguf;rj:auj; yAefulef:vDulef:imrf:uGj,awj,qlof;auj; rD:wif:erf/ vldofaOeef.omh:aO ulef:wluf:cguf;cof vh;xgrf,Twj: vh;eif;Twj:bof. vgif;cofeif,uef zdwf:zSuf,uefauj;vAuf.au,at,rmifuGj,aO trf,uj: vgif;ukrf:xdif:eldofulef;wluf:cguf;eef.auj; imh;q[ ygif,q[eldofuefrj:sw.sw.sv; vgif;eh. yAefzgef:vDb[,erf ykef;wj, ul;zmh,ul;yj;sw.bof./

rldof;yD 2012 eef. vlifygifqkdif; rldif:tdef,wdb egyf,bkdef;yef Padma Bushan Ol:xmef;Omrf vgif;ckrf:Omif; umefulef:erf wrf;wD; ulof,tddif,uj,/

odywf.Oej,tefoj;eh.odywf.Oej,tefoj;eh.odywf.Oej,tefoj;eh.odywf.Oej,tefoj;eh.odywf.Oej,tefoj;eh.vguf:vmh:pAwf: umefTwj:odywf.Oej, cmof:

wmif: (10) oef: tefcl:vlif ulof,tdif,uj, pAwf:tguf,eef. yAefvguf:vmh: wj,aw tgeftofulef:zkduf:umefTwj: odywf.Oej, wif:urf,zj,P;N.xkdifvh; vgif;idrf:bAefeef.sv; ulef:wif:urf,zj, tgefuefN.pefbl,/

zgif:rldof; cof;umefTwj: wD;cl:vlifulof,tdif,uj,eef. abj:uD,cof trf,vh;uyf:Okdyf, ulef:wD;eguf;? abj:uD,eif,uefauj; trf,vh;uyf:Okdyf,uefOif/ ulnf:uj; wrf;wD; cl:seTwj:sv;zl;qhg;xSrfqldof:eef.sw. rD:Okef, wgif;xmrf

vgif;Twj: tefcrfq[ tefc[;N.qldof:eef.bl,/abj:uD,cof vh;sw,ukrf:xdif:q[ wrf;wD; vlrf:cof;vlrf:tguf, tefMif.oj; tj,ej,yj,ewf.Owdeef.aO tefeh.yAef yldifvlif wj,awauj,wif; Owdsv; Orj,xdbof./

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cl:vlifulof,tdif,uj, Oyf:vSif:seoj; ]]odywf.Oej,eh. yAefvgef.rgef:Twj:xrf,rbof./yAefOAef;wmif: wj,awN.pef tefrmef,rSef;bof./ ref:trf,oj; Twj:odywf.Oej,tefref:seeh.ulnf: yAeftefrmef,rSef;/ref:uh.uh. yefOwdwrf;wD; vkuf;pAef:abj:uD,ref:oj; bj,ayrD:q[oj; uldif:tefeef.uldif:tefeh. vlof,vh;ygif,q[oj; yAeftefvAofuefulnf: vgif;eh. ref:sw,rj: rldof;ymefTzj:aOOkdyf,yAefrj: TOj,Okdyf,wsy:? rldefeif, vkuf.wD; tl:ycdef,aO zSofrj:wD;ref: vkuf;wD;ref:aO ckdef:zSofwD; qldof:Olwsy: ehbof./

e[:umefpAef:ref:eef. ref:ylifOgefoj;odywf.Oej,eh. yAefyhm:Omh;ckdwf:umyf;ymef tefxwf:qgyf,wlnf: wlofq[qof;uof,/

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zj,Oj, vgif;ul dof:brfpmof;pSif:qldof:eef.?uSef,qof; ulnf: vmwf;vgif;xrf:xrf,r wj,awtguf,rlef. ylef.vgwf; Orf,OIj,ulnf:? Twj:Tzj:eh. yAefykef;wj, wif:OAif;wif:vluf;}}eh bof./yldof;eef acj;uGmrf:tefref: zmuf,wgef; ygef;rSif,yldef;eef.sw. yAefvgif;trf,qSuf,sz zj,Oj,tefuldof:brfaOtrf,uj: ykef;wj, ulef:tefrD: vgif;bkrf,brf? teftrf,rD: vgif;bkrf,brfwif:OAif;auj; cof;yj:bof./ vgif;tguf,rlef.ylef.vgwf;eh. yAefyldifvlif ykef;wj, q[pof:tefckef,Oof;oof:vrfaO zgef:vDref:sw.awyefMwf;xkdif wrf;wD; q[qkdef;O[ idrf:bAef vgwf;wmif:yAefwkuf.cbl,/ umefodywf.Oej, tefoj;eh. ref:yAef umefwlofxlyf: N.pefqgrf:eif, cl:vmh:ymh:Omh;aO ulef:pof: qmif;qgyf,pjvh; ydef,vSuf;vh; wlofq[pof: tefrD:Oazj:Twj: vkduf.vrf,urf,zDeef.aO awtgeftofpof: N.ygif,pefxkdif Mwf;xkdifvh; wrf;wD; uwf:bAefOldof:Oj,eef.bl,/

OAif;qlof;Okwf:ymefOAif;qlof;Okwf:ymefOAif;qlof;Okwf:ymefOAif;qlof;Okwf:ymefOAif;qlof;Okwf:ymefref:OAif;umrf, Okwf:rkefuGj, rldof; yD 2013

vdlef OSyf.wdrf,yldof, 29 oef: wrf;wD; Ndef:ref: oAif:rkrf,ymh:aO udkwf:oh. ar:ref: ElaichiDevi Goenka tefyAef zl;arjseTwj:odywf.Oej,sv; vkuf;qmh:ref: Nuf:qmh:/

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vdlef tguf.xlof,yldof, 7 oef:eef.aO tofrj:oh. wrf;wD; Nrf;bAefxrfraqj:wdu tefrD:wD;OAef;wmif: ij:xmwf.uBD:eef.bof./

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zkdeftdif-1. S. N. Goenka - Wikipedia, the free ency-

clopedia2. Sky Net TV Browser page in facebook.


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OAef;wmif:vkuf:vmuf:ckuf:cmuf:trf,imh;awtrf,ymh;umef Okdyf,bmif;xSif;/

wj,Mwf;bldif:rmhoh.Omhq[uSef,vSef;tSef,sc.uef Okdyf,wj.xSif;/

qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)

Okdyf,


28

The more laws the less justice.bdkif;yldifrD;rD:erf bkdif;vgif;Twj:rmef,rSef; rD:at,/Who ventures win.auj.pwf:pmef yAefumeftgif,sy./One father supports ten childern better than ten children one fater.ayj;auj.vAof vAif;vh;vkuf;qmh:Odyf:auj.vdlof aO vkuf;Odyf:auj. vAif.vh;ayj;auj.vAof/One half of the world laughs at the other half.ulef:e[:urf,zj,ckdif;ekdif;eh. uldrf;vldrf;clof vAef; ulef:tefukdwf:bl, ckdif;ekdif;bof./One Today is better than ten Tomorrow.rldof;eh. oef:ekdif;eh. vDvldofaO rldof;zkuf; Odyf:oef:/Practice makes the master.umefzkduf:Omif;eh. pAwf:P;yAef zl;vlif./Saying and doing are two different things.vgif;vmwf; sv; vgif;pAwf:eh. yAeftef ySuf,yldif;uef Ogiftef/What the lion cannot, the fox can.tefOmif,OD; trf,pAwf:vh;eef. rjvdef pAwf:vh;/Good counsel comes overnight.ymh:olef.vDeh. tguf,rj:rldof;umifcrf;/Keep silence, or say something better than silence.bl,Oof:oh. wAwf,bAefsv; (trf,eef) vmwf;uGmrf: tefvDaO wAwf,bAefeef.wj./

uAyf:MrfwgrfwSrf;uAyf:MrfwgrfwSrf;uAyf:MrfwgrfwSrf;uAyf:MrfwgrfwSrf;uAyf:MrfwgrfwSrf;qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)

uGmrf:ckduf.vkduf.

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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ymefrdlof;vAof ulef:pof: blyf;bgrf:vgif;ydkef.pk yhm:pefydkef.xmef efG:Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;wif:erfwif:vhmbof./ awj,eif,vhm;oh;Tzj:vgif;xdwdlof.pj;ydlifqugj,qdlof:eef.auj; auj.tefpkpefaO pAwf:qgrf:zAef;"eef. vAuf.au, at,rmifugj,aw."bl,bof./

tZdojaWwgj-eyf.brfoh;Oj Tzj:yAefqof; vD"imrf:"ehbof./ vgif;oh;vDimrf:-tefoj;eef. vlof,vh;oh.wlofedrf qfGedrf ej;wjref;"/ tofzj, rdkof:Mrf:ql:uefwif:OgifaObldif:ql:wD;vlof,oh;? Ohmwjauj; ygh,udkwf:qdlof;oh.?trf,eefauj; vlof,vyf:wjaO qfGauj; vlof,ckuf:clef.olef.xdkif ukif,au:ql: zl;tefvlof,oh;eef.bof./ Oifoj;oh; Tzj:ehauj; vlof,tofqfGqyf:OfG,wD; tIprf, quGj, ukif,Tzj:yAefqof;aOydlif"bof./ Oifoj;oh; Oif,cj,auj; vlof,ckuf:clef.cdkef: ukif,au:ql:TOj, tefcof bmrf;pAwf:

zgef:vDyefqof;uof,rj:? trf,eefauj; ckuf:cgyf;xdkiferf.qfG rAwf.wj, uIkej, rkwdwj, TOj,tefoh.omif:edlofqof;uof, rj:eef.bof./ Oifoj; oh;ayj;sr;ehauj; vlof,ckuf:clef.olef.xdkifukif,au:ql:ayj;sr; tefcofoh.qfGrAwf.wj,uIkej, rkwdwj,aO vkrf:vj: wlnf:xdkifqof;uof,rj:qdlof:eef.bof./ ayj:oh.wlofoh.qfGeif,oj;rj: bof.eh.aO oh;qdkif vh;oj;-yAef]oh;vD"imrf:"}bof./

rdlof;oh;eef. zj,rdkof:Mrf:ql:bl,aOw ayj:qfGtrf,qyf:xdkif ukif,rkef wD;tefqof;uof,oh;eef.vfG? wjOrf.wlnf:ugj,wmif,wD;wmif,tgif;vfG? Olyf:Orf. vmwf;awj, wmif,auj.bl,qdlof:eh. vfGaw. trf,vh;oj;-oh;vD"imrf:"? trf,yAeftZdojWe/ vj;vDqjqDulnf:-awvh;oj;ehbof./

ykwf.xzj,Oj,pj;rAof:

qof;qmif:ej,Iw

aej,crf: (rldif:egif)


30

vhm:tefulef:wif:erf qfG.wdkof:bl, ymefrd lof;vAofaw. yAwfvhm:wdlof.pj;wD;(ynfqywdWfXdw)eheef.bof.? vlof,vh;wdlof.pj;wD;tefoj;eef. tgefuefOgef,oj; edkif;-yhmwdef? Ogif-ymhrdkof:? Omrf-Nofcof,? OD,-iguf:Oguf,?pj;-ej;zmuf, eh pj;wD;qdlof;eh. vlof,P;wdlof.ckdof:OfG,eldof ydkef.quGj, wD;tefqof;uof,eif;oh.eef.-ehbof./ ykwf.xzj,Oj,eh. ayj:rj:qSuf,aO eyf.Ogef,qdkif awrD:pj;rAof:bof./

pj;rAof: tefoj;qrf.- 1. ukvykwf.xzj,Oj, 2. vj,zykwf.xzj,Oj, 3. zbykwf.xzj,Oj, 4. Owf.xj,xduykwf.xzj,Oj,sv;5. ynf,nj,xdu ykwf.xzj,Oj, qdlof:eh.bof./

1. ukvykwf.xzj,Oj,1. ukvykwf.xzj,Oj,1. ukvykwf.xzj,Oj,1. ukvykwf.xzj,Oj,1. ukvykwf.xzj,Oj, tefoj;eh.qrf.qgrf:eif,qdlof.cdlof:ayj;sr;qof;uof, yAefykwf.xzj,Oj,oh.aO xdkifrj;ymefvkuf;vmif:auj; Okdyf,yAefykwf.xzj,Oj, qgrf:vifayj;sr; rdlefeif,yl,pAwf:rj: bj,pAwf:oh.eef.bof./ Tzj:yAefqof;tefpof:eyf.xkdofbl,eh. eyf.xdkofbgef.ydlof;Oif? Twj:qof;eef. xgrf,tofwj,pAwf:Oif? rD:wmif:bdlif:tmef:OifaO xgrf,idef:qugj, trf,tofynf,nj,wmif:pk xwf:OifaO pAwf:qgrf:xkif:qmof:cdlof:rAof:eef.bof./

2. vj,zykwf.xzj,Oj,2. vj,zykwf.xzj,Oj,2. vj,zykwf.xzj,Oj,2. vj,zykwf.xzj,Oj,2. vj,zykwf.xzj,Oj, tefoj;eh.qrf.bgef.ydlof;w[:cfG;vh; vmyf;vj,zaOtef"? cfG;P;ymh:rmuf:rD:cdkef;bfG,? rkif;rgif:qdlof:eh.aOsv;eyf.brfOj,Oej,eef.bof./ ayj:eyf.xdkofTzj;Ol,eh. awrmuf;rD:vDyAef? ayj:eyf.brTzj:Ol,eef. yh m:rmuf;r D:awcd kef;bf G,ehqugj,qdlof:eh. w[:rgif: vmyf;vj,zaOsv;ydkif;tdifq[b[, q[u[;edloftlzkif:Tzj: rj:urf.

qgh;yef P;cofrmuf;rD: vDyAefbl,cd lof:"b[:"eef.bof./

3. zbykwf.xzj,Oj, tefoj;eh.qrf.bgef.yldof;ulofxlyf:az:aOtef"sv; eyf.xkdof?eif,pdkofawvgwf;az:? eif,pdkoftj,bkawbdkef:bmof: qugjqdlof:eh.aO eyf.xkdofrAof:eef.bof./

ayj:eyf.xdkofTzj:yAefqof;ugef, tj,bkqif,awbdkef:bmof:ayj:ehqdkif? qdlof:tef trf,qfG;ykwf.xzj,Oj,aO tj,bkbkdef:bmof:bl,eef. bgef.ydlof;Oif? eh.yAefvgif;vDzmif.olef.sw."/

4. Owf.xj,xduykwf.xzj,Oj,4. Owf.xj,xduykwf.xzj,Oj,4. Owf.xj,xduykwf.xzj,Oj,4. Owf.xj,xduykwf.xzj,Oj,4. Owf.xj,xduykwf.xzj,Oj, tefoj;eh.qrf. yAeftefbkrf,brfeyf.xdkof ukif,ukef:rkefiof:Tzj:? Twj:? Oif,cj, qdkef;qmif,rlwf:O[aOsv; eyf.xdkofeef.bof./

wmif:bkrf,brfeh.auj; Orf.rD:Ogifydlif? 1.Or f ,r j ,Owf .xj ,-b kr f ,br fq d k o f ;q f G ; ?zdluf,qdkef; cmofOfG/ 2. rdwf.Oj,Owf.xj,-bkrf,brfzdwf: bkrf,brfydlif;/

Orf,rj,Owf.xj,tefoj;eh.qrf. eyf.brfxkdif ukif,ukef:rkefiof:Tzj:yAefqof; tefpkpef Owf.qj,OD,ydlifeef.aObof. apj:Twj:yef Owf.woj, zD? Omif? Owf:? ulef: qugj,P;ayj: tguf,ylef.efG:Orf,OIj,olwf;wkuf.c cmefqfGeh. ylef.vh;aO xdkifvh;edymef,uwf:bAefeef. Mif.oj; ]wmif:bkrf,brfqdkof;qfG;}ehbof./ugyf;Oifsv; eyf.xdkof Twj: acj;Oif,OgefTzj:yAefqof;? bgef.ydlof;oj; ayj:wdkof:urf pAwf:Omif;qgrf: eif,acj;Oif,OgefTzj:qdkif qmif;vh;vDvh;yAef vh;uwf:vh;bAef ylef.vgwf;wmif:wkuf.

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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c? wj,awylef.vgwf;wkuf.caO xdkifwD;uwf:bAefeef. trf,qfG;aOauj." awOlif,yefvh;?Mwf;uGj,vh; bgef.pAwf:qgrf:acj;Oif,Ogef tefMif.oj; Twj:eef.sv;Oif? eif,pdkof acj;Oif,Ogef tefMif.oj;Twj:eef. awtrf,ogwf;ohm:phmuGj, Orf.yAefOif,cj,qof; auj.puf.OjOdrf:ySif:oh. sv;Oif? olef.pefeif,ehaObkrf,brfeyf. xdkofTzj:? Twj:? Oif,cj, Iwej,uSof;rSwf;Omrfydlifeef. Mif.oj; ]Orf,rj,Owf.xj,}bof./

rdwf.Oj,Owf.xj, tefoj;eef.qrf. rkif;rgif:vmyf;vj,zaOtef"sv;Oif? rmif,udlof:vh;bl,vgwf;wlofvgwf;qGf bgef.ulofxlyf:az: tefawwluf:xdkifwlofeef.sv;Oif? qdlof:eh.bgef. ydlof;trf,q[;vgif;bkrf,brfeyf.xdkofqSwf;qmif,sv; Mif.oj; ]rdwf.Oj,Owf.xj,}ehbof./

5. ynf,nj,xdu ykwf.xzj,Oj,5. ynf,nj,xdu ykwf.xzj,Oj,5. ynf,nj,xdu ykwf.xzj,Oj,5. ynf,nj,xdu ykwf.xzj,Oj,5. ynf,nj,xdu ykwf.xzj,Oj, tefoj;eh.qrf. pkpefwD;ygif, vgif;udlof:vDeyf.brf edlofOj,Oej,aOsv; eyf.brfeef.bof./vgif;bkrf,brfeyf.xdkofqdlof:eef.auj; trf,qfG;sv;oj; vmrf:vdrf:aO bkrf,brf? ygif,qfGvgif;cef,xj,? vgif;Ikyf;vgif;emrf, yAefvkvDimrf:qgrf:eif,Tzj: apj:oh.eef.aO bkrf,brfeef.bof.? tefpkpefvh;eif,eheh. Mif.oj;]ynf,nj,}bof./ ykwf.xzj,Oj, tefygif,qfG vgif;Owf.qj,OD,ydlif? tefpkpefvgif;yAefvgif;vk?tefpkpefvgif; yAefvkeef. Mif. ]ynf,nj,}bof./ Tzj:yAefqof; apj:oh.oj; efG:wlofpof:eh.rD:oh.vgif;yAefsv; vgif;vkehbof.? wj,awpkpefvh;eif,eefauj; Orf.zdkuf:uBmif.urfsv;qif,pkvh;bof.? bgef.wlofqof;uof, zdkuf:uBmif.urf

aO pkpefsv; qif,bkrf,? ayj:bkrf,auj; yAefOwf.xj,bof.? tefpkygif,qgrf:Ozj,o yAefvkqugj,eef. Orf.yAefynf,nj,bof.? ynf,nj,av;Owf.xj, Nrf;Mrf:uef? ayj:oj;pAwf:Omif;vlnf; Owf.xj, zdluf,qdkef;cmofOfGqdkif qmif;ylef.vh; tay,OD,zkif,bof./ qdlif.eh qif,yAefykwf.xzj,Oj, qef.Okifbof./ynf,nj,sv;Owf.xj, zAif,yAif:uef qif,awvDbof.? ayj:oj;Owf.xj, erfylef.auj; qmif;yAefulef:vDylef.wD;aOsv; imof;bof.? Owf.xj,pSif:st,ynf,nj,su,xlef; erfvldofauj; Orf.qmif;yAefulef:rlduf; rD:wmif:pk tefoj;eef.bof./ bgef.eef P;arjyheldof OAef;wmif:Ohmumifw/

qof;qmif:ej,Iw? aej,crf: (rldif:egif)B.A MCU Thailand

qlof;cmof: ukefOD,plof,/

]]acj;vDayj;sr;Oif,Ogefoh.}}]]acj;vDayj;sr;Oif,Ogefoh.}}]]acj;vDayj;sr;Oif,Ogefoh.}}]]acj;vDayj;sr;Oif,Ogefoh.}}]]acj;vDayj;sr;Oif,Ogefoh.}}

vkuf;tlnf. umeftrf,vDbj,zdkuf:vkuf;tlnf. vgif;rof:urfbj,wdkuf:vkuf;tlnf. zl;phm.bj,Mrf:udkuf:

vkuf;tlnf. crf;cdkef:bj,tSof,vdkuf:vkuf;tlnf. trf,rD:bj,ul;qdkuf:

vkuf;tlnf. umefvDzgrf.uefzdkuf:Omif;pAwf:uGj,wj./

Omif,-ynj,aqj:w(rdlif:cdlof:)


32

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]]aWaOx Zdufcao Xrfr> tjWduvBjE> rQfa@ uvBjE> yIdabjOjeuvBjE>-Twj:tefrD:iof; umif ymh rSef;rmef,wArfxlef;oh.eef. tofapj:se wD;Owf:woj,cofsv;}}/

]]UdpDe}rkyuaImefwje>? edqfqrjrdOWjeawj? ujaIjx XrfrWjaee? awO>rqfqlyujIu>-Omif,? Ipmef:pof:eh. wD;eldofwuj,qmh:bdif: cdif:emh:pof:cof teftofywf.aq:OD,yldif qgh;xSrfe[:Oj,Oej,eef. awvh;apj:Twj:aO wgyf,Omh;wSef:ckdef: ukif,au:ql:coftldof;}}/

(YkWfXo>O t#f$uxj)(YkWfXo>O t#f$uxj)(YkWfXo>O t#f$uxj)(YkWfXo>O t#f$uxj)(YkWfXo>O t#f$uxj)]]OYfYWje> XrfrWje> Qdejwd-wmif:vl,wj,e wmef:xrf,r wgef:uBj.tgif,sy.yldef;}}/

(XrfryWXrfryWXrfryWXrfryWXrfryW)]]XrfrOfO ylQ> rpjynfnoefawj-ayj:vl,xrf,r nmef,b[,uBj. zouwf:bAefbof.}}/]]trw> WaWj q aOj apjwd? abj XrfrjekOjOwd-apj:xgrf,? wgif:pkdif - vl,xrf:qkdif-

rldefxkdifvh;vl,edyf.ymef,bof.}}/(O>bkwfwedujb? u&WWOkwf;O>bkwfwedujb? u&WWOkwf;O>bkwfwedujb? u&WWOkwf;O>bkwfwedujb? u&WWOkwf;O>bkwfwedujb? u&WWOkwf;)

vgif;apj:Twj:qof;eef,wdb(ymifvlif)

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

33

* yAefumefxSrfOmif; yh,nj,yj,IrD,/

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1.XrfrukOaveXrfrukOaveXrfrukOaveXrfrukOaveXrfrukOave- vgif;vuf:vSrfpkvD e[:xrf,r/2.twfxukOavetwfxukOavetwfxukOavetwfxukOavetwfxukOave-vgif;vuf:vSrfpkvD e[:

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34

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ymefTzj: ykdef:qof;eef,wu? rldefeif,qof;TOj,rldif:ukwf; tl:odrv? xmrferf"_wgyf,erf")

e) xmrf_wgyf, rguf;(10)yguf;aO apj:/

]]ykqf!j odOQfQej bkuvoaOeXrfrOfO twfaxj Okyjua#j apjwd-tofvmh:xmrf_wgyf,uefaO apj:sewD;ygif,Twj:qif, xmif,qSif;vSif:vDbof.}}/ vgif;xmrfwgyf,uefaO apj:eh. wjegef:qkdef;? rD:wmif:pkerf? auj.wgyf, rD:wmif:pwf:pmef? q[trf,zlif.? rD:wmif:cwf:q[aO y[.su;wgyf,? auj.apj:auj; vh;vkdof; Ndof.qlof;uSyf./

rmhwgif:rmhwgif:rmhwgif:rmhwgif:rmhwgif:- y[.xgrf,OAifwuj,cof wgyf,bof.aO zl;apj:Twj: qif,awvh;wgyf,? rldof;cofwgyf,eef.pof:bj,aywgyf,? rldof;v[ zl;xgrf,Twj: wgyf,bof.?rldof;acj;wgyf,cof trf,rSef;v[? c[;wgyf, P;qSif;vDv[eef. zl;apj:Twj:qif,wgyf,yef urf:omh:vif/

(4) rldof;sw,apj:Twj:-rldof;sw,apj:Twj:-rldof;sw,apj:Twj:-rldof;sw,apj:Twj:-rldof;sw,apj:Twj:-u) yDOj,Oej,? yDwh:? yDauj:qj,? vldef?

oef:? cmof:bmrf:? (yDrdlif:)? (yDcIdwf.? oef:)/c) vlseqkdof;qof;wj,e ymifvl,wmef:

(ymifapj:Twj:) bj,P;zdwf:/ awvh; bgef:wlnf:vduf;zdwf;rguf,? (trf,eef) xmrfaO wSrf;oh.tgefwmif:? (idef:oj; qof;yj:ekdif; apj:Twj:ymifOgrf:? Orf.trf,pmif;pSef:oh.xj;sv; rldof;apj:eef. qkdof;auj.wmh wif:qkdof;Nofvl, vh;zdwf:zSuf, ySuf,uef? qdkof;auj.wmhyAef qdkof;Nofvl,)

i) oh;Tzj:(trf,eef)oh;Twj:/q) sz;Olif,rAwf.wj,/ (rldefeif, qof;

TOj,Okcrf:-wmif.bmef:)O) wmif,qkdof;Nofacj;Twj: / Nofacj;Twj:

eef. bj,yefbmof:ej, yefP;brf" P;ygwf:"?P;wgif:imh;/ O[,yj:uBmrf:vduf; yyf.? ej;vduf;teftdifaOsv; apj:(rldefeif,oj; rj:e[:Okwf;wmef,? tzdxrf,rj,? O>bkwf;? tkyIdyEfEjO? qj,wu sw,ugj,qldof:eh.bof./)

n) omif:cyf.P;wSwf;eSwf;vD (vgif;qof;uof, awapj:eef. pAwf:rmh cyf.(1. 2. 3) sw,ugj,pmif;pSef:oh.xj;tgefwmif:? (trf,eef) wSrf;rmhcyf.(1. 2. 3) sw,ugj, O[,e[:aq;oh.)/

w) wlnf:wmif:vlof,yIdOmwf; rldefeif,cmof:bmrf: awyefvh;erf_at,? wmif:vl, wuj, sv; wif:Twj:tefawapj:? ymifTwj:sv;Twj: tefawapj: P;ref:vSyf;uef/

vlof,zmif.vlof,zmif.vlof,zmif.vlof,zmif.vlof,zmif.-apj:P;yAef xrf,rwdwf.xmef,ulnf:? bj,P;yAefykuf.uvwdwf.xmef,/ rldefeif,pof: trf,xkuf,rSef;aOauj."? aOqkrf:"aOapj:oj;wD;yldef;eef. bj,P;yj:/

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

35

x) rldof;apj: yj,vd? OAifyj,vdeef. cwf:q[zkduf:apj: P;zAef;" qgrf:eif, YBnfQe YkWfXdOdyf:ydlif? cwf:q[apj: yj,vdsz? (trf,eef)vgwf;apj:yj,vdvmh"bof.aO qif,Oyf:vSif:sewD;ygif,uGmrf:wh:? zl;apj:Twj: udkif,vDso; vgif;tofyj,vd+temuf; uGmrf:wmif,zj,Oj,rj:avj:qdrfO[,qgrf:? ayj:tmwf:OAifoh.qdkif ydkef:vgif;pof:trf,sy.wlof zj,Oj,uGmrf:vmwf;qof;uof,eef. qmif;yj:ugj,xdkif qlof;vkuf; ymefvmef/

(5). e[:su;umifrldof;apj:Twj:-e[:su;umifrldof;apj:Twj:-e[:su;umifrldof;apj:Twj:-e[:su;umifrldof;apj:Twj:-e[:su;umifrldof;apj:Twj:-u)vmrf:cmwf;wlnf: qldof:rj:xgrf,Twj:/ ayj:

cof vSyf;trf,cof;q[? c[;vyf:c[;egef:rj:qdkif udkif,vDtofvguf:vmh:aOydlif" yluf:wdkef,yef P;q[cofqyf:edlofumefxgrf,Twj:rj:/ (ch;se tykrf, tefuAof,vlnf;Twj: vgif;ch;clof? Ogefyefoguf: (trf,eef) uGmrf:uyf:xkuf,? apj:vgwf;vif,uj,)

* wD;tefch;clofeef. ayj:yldef;clof cwf:q[ P;bldef.vh; bj,clofqgrf:zl;xgrf,Twj:? ayj:trf,bkdef.vh; awj.sw.bkrf.aO yefOAifclofvgh:"? zgif:eef. Okdyf,apj:Twj:brf" P;OAifulef:clof ayj:ukdwf:bAefvh; (oguf:? uGmrf:uyf:xkuf, tefaw Ogefyefyldef;eef. uBmuf;P;vh;vD" ayj:trf,vh;vD wSrf;ugj,yj:? vif,uj,auj; uBmuf;P;vh;rldefeif, pof:vh;uGmrf:oh;Tzj:bof. qif,ugj,apj:vgwf;/

c) vlof,oh.Owd ayj:apj: yj,vd? yj,vdszwh:? oguf:? vif,uj, wD;teftrf,ayj:avj;vDeef. uh.th? OAiftldof.? OAiftpSrf. qldof:eh. rmifyguf;uh.yj:Orf.uefrj:? ayj:trf,zmif. uh.qmif;arjtofyAefqyf:wmif:bmrf;ugj,/

rmhwgif:-bmrf:vAofyAefumyf; qmuf;tmwf:OAifckdwf:umyf;sv; vDtmwf:OAifTwj: tefqof;uof,apj:oh.eef.aO awqmif;rlef.sr:ckdef: wD;blyf;bgrf:? ayj:y[.yldef; wluf,vmwf;eh awemef:pkckdef:? rmif;yguf;eh. bgef.ulofqof;uof,trf,uBLduf;sv; yldef;trf,pwf:vmwf; wD;blyf;bgrf:qof;uof,auj; qmif;rD:/

(6) rldof;awcgwf,bgwf;Twj:-rldof;awcgwf,bgwf;Twj:-rldof;awcgwf,bgwf;Twj:-rldof;awcgwf,bgwf;Twj:-rldof;awcgwf,bgwf;Twj:-u) pkyf;ckdef:Twj:tefapj:ugj,/c) Oyf:vSif:se wgef;vDtof vDySwf;/i) vgwf;uj,xj,yj,vdszwh: bgef:Ol:

yefwuj,zl;xgrf,Twj:/q) sz;wldef:Olif,rAwf.wj,/O) vgwf;vif,uj,bgef:Ol:-qdlof:eh.bof./

qof;eef,wdb(ymifvlif)(24. 6. 2013)

rmhwgif:-bmrf;tofylefOgef wD;ymifzkduf:zgef.1.wD;uRif:sq;uof,? rldif:rmof:? qkdif;sc,

yD(2013)/2.wD;uRif:odqj,ID,? oAif:rldif:emh: yD(2013)


36

1. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;1. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;1. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;1. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;1. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-tefyldef;pAwf: pkef,pmif;Tzj:egef:? Tzj:qkuf:aO pAwf:wD;ulef:rldif:sv,vAef; e[:ulifwlofTzj:yAefqof;eef. qgif,rD:wmif:zdwf:OifwD;cj;/

rSwf,qof;(pe_rq)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / bgef.yAef pkef,pmif; wD;uldof:vDsv,

P;ayj:vSyf;aw. trf,ayj:vSyf;eif,uof,/ rldof;cof;ugj,e[:ref:eef.aw. ayj:trf,wif;q[oj;c[;bAyf,brf; vlvmh pkef,pmif;Tzj:aOcof;aw.vh;oj; trf,rD:wmif:zdwf:eif,uof,/

2. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;2. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;2. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;2. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;2. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-e[:rldif:Nrf;wkrfrmef; eh.vh;idef:oj; rD:uldif:Oifcuof;udlif:ehcj;atj;/(1)uof;udlif:eef. yAefOifvmh"` (2)vgif;uBmif.urfcofqrf. ySuf,ydlif;uefqdlof.pkdofcj;`

pmif;pAef:(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ukdif:Okxrf,rj,? Olnf,uBdef,? rl,vwgjI?

rpj,wgjI? teguf;cRif:wgjI? rpj,bAef,? ueodrkwf;ul:wlof.? ao,vkoef,eduj,bsv; qwk

zkrf,rdu rpj,Owdywf.xmef,iSwf.wlef:-ehtldof;/ yldifuBmif.urfcofaw. yAefqmof:ykwf.eif,uefrlwf:sv; trf,ayj:rD:vgif;ySuf,yldif;Oifuefuj;pkdofvlifvmif/ bgef.yldof; twf.wtgef,cofsv; yAefuldif:rj:ulnf:? trf,q[; wmif:bkrf,brfyldif;uefsv; yAefuldif:rj:/

3. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;3. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;3. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;3. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;3. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-cj;bmrf;idef: tlnf:auj.cofoj; wSrf;rl,vduf;O[,e[:zdkefvduf;qAifcrf:vSif:auj; trf,yj:rj:aOyguf;ehcj;atj;/ wj,qAifcrf:vSif:eh. awvh;wSrf;vduf;qdlof.pdkof? uyf:umh,vgif;Oifcj;? awvh;wSrf; ej;vduf;rguf;vmhej;cj;? awvh;tofzgef. wh:tD;Oif_ zgef.uj;pdkofaO wSrf;rj:cj;/

pmif;pAef:(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ykdef:? ykdef.pk? ymh:pefsv; ydef,zmh,

(zj,Oj,)qldof:eh. wSrf;vh;bl,/ ulnf:uj; tefuyf:umh, vlnf;wmif:puf. wmif:ySif:aw. bgef.qAifcrf:vSif: yAefzkdefvduf; wj,yefpSif:vduf;

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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vmh: wif:Oj,Oej,sv; awtrf,qmif;O[,yefvh;/ rldof;wSrf;eef. tofwlofwSrf; Olif,yefauj;vh;? ayj:ayj.aOOlif,yefaw. vlof,yAefzgef.auj.qmh: rmh-pj;? trf,eefauj; auj.qmh:-369?OSef:wlofvduf;-15tldof;/ vldofaOeef. vmh:wSrf;vduf;auj; vlof,P;acj;uGmrf:ref:vof:vD?vmh:oh.omif:blif.vduf; Omif:vmif:vDqldof:eh.tldof;/ayj:yAefeif,oj;eef.aw. trf,yj:rj:tefoj;eef. wkdef:trf,yAefvh;/ qkrf:qAifcrf:vSif:auj; rgif:qof;ymhurfwj,aO,(xj,oI)sv; qof;ymhurfr[, awzkwf:rj:bl,cldof:"b[:"/

4. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;4. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;4. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;4. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;4. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- acj;urf.ej;vduf;eef.awvh;wSrf;qdlof.pdkofcj;? zmh,wh: trf,eefauj;awvh;bdlif;tof vmh:rmef;cof rdlefeif,yyf.-yj,Ij,qduEf,? twfxuxj, yyf.edkif;eef. cofurf.oj;(od?$?1?225) qugj,eef.cj;bof./ wh:pof:auj; awvh;bdlif; cofcj;p/ trf,eef vmh:wh:pof:acj"rD:bl,cj;p? ayj:rD:eh cSef:awj;oguf,sewh:pof:P;ayj:pk P;ayj:ygif,aOurf:cj;/

pmif;pAef:(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / tdiftofyyf.OifaOwSrf;auj; qdqrf;

qkdof;yyf.tefeef.? ej,vduf;tefeef.sv;/

5. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;5. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;5. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;5. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;5. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- eif,pdkofOmhq[qdlof.cdlof:zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,wh:pof: ayj:awbdkef:bmof:Ndof;Ndif:yldif:O[ugj,rdlof:ej;eef. ykef;zgef:Orf.rD:wD;z[ Orf.xkuf,vh;cdkifygifqdlof.pkdofcj;`

uAyf:Mrftgef,(o.v.z.t-oAif:vghauj,)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / Nofykdif:Okwf: Omhq[qldof.cldof: yAefOif?

Omhq[ zj,Oj, Oj,Oej, Orf.yAefOif-tefoj;eef. vlof,cwf:q[ P;pkquf:tldof;/ ayj:pk

quf:bof.auj; eif,pkdofref:awtrf,cmwf,aOrD:pSif:vldofrj:eef. vlof,y[.yj:? vlof,yefpSif:?vlof,ykdefsz;eef.ulnf:ej,/

6. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;6. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;6. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;6. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;6. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- bgef.Oifsv; qdlof:pof:yAefulef:rdlefuefaO rldof;vmwf;uGmrf:eef.zl;rD:wmif:pkcof Orf.vmwf;uGmrf:vgef.rgef:tefrD:uj;cef yefwmif:uwf:bAefq[auj.vh;xgrf,? urf;zgif;Orf.vmwf;uGmrf: uvdlif:uqdlif:trf,yj: ]atj;qof;?atj;cj;}qdlof:eh. yAefbgef.Oifcj;/

uAyf:Mrftgef,(omef;vdefzkif,tgef,-vhgacj)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:rD:wmif:pkauj; arjvmwf;uGmrf:

xkuf,N? ayj:cmwf,wmif:pk? ayj:trf,rD:wmif:pkauj;qmif;vmwf;uGmrf:cGmifN qluf.q[eef.ej,aej;/

7. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;7. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;7. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;7. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;7. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- e[:vkrf;z urf,zj,bmrf:vAofeh. qmof:cdlof:ykwf.xqof;pof: Orf.rD:uj;pdkof;cj;/ yAefOifsv; Oif,cj,qof; Orf.erfvdlof aOemh:cmof:cj;aej/ qdlof:eh. cSef:awj;qAif crf:vSif:pof: qgh;Omif:vmif:yef vmefbdif:eguf;oAif:eh.aOurf;atj;/uAyf:Mrftgef,(omef;vdefzkif,tgef,-vhgacj)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ]ayj:awukrf,tgefuef ekif;cmofaO

trf,sw,ej;Ndef:qkdif ulofqldof.cldof:cmwf,}bloftgefuefolef.eif,ehaO emif:bdif:cof trf,ayj:ekif;cmofblof.aej;/ wD;sw.aw. ]emh:cmof}tefoj;eh. trf,q[; wlif,olif: tefukduf:uyf: Oj,Oej,rj:? emh:cmofeh. qif,pjrD:rj:ulnf:/ yldifwlif,olif:Oj,Oej,eh. rD:oh. Ipmef:qmh:? Ipmef:bdif:?qof;Omif,qmh:? qof;Omif,bdif: sv; Oduf.rmef,eh pj;qkrf:tldof;/ Oduf.crmef,eef. yAefemif:


38

bdif:? vh;urfOdefNuf:OAef;? Odefpj;sv; oduj,vtldof;/ ymefrldof;vAofaw. zl;ygifumefOj,Oej,qldof:eef. ukdwf:oh. qof;Omif,qmh:sv; Ipmef:qmh:ulnf:/ tefukdwf:qldof:eef.aw. trf,rD:bof./

8. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;8. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;8. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;8. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;8. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vmefbdif: idef:cmof,oj; e[:wlduf;Ogefvduf;yIdbwfwdpof: ul;wD;eh.rD:vgif;bmyf,oh. bgef.ydlof;cl:Ogef trf,wArfxlef;cj;atj;/ qAifcrf:vSif:Orf. c[;yefwmif:ch;q[cl:Ogefcofqdlof.pdkofcj;/uAyf:Mrftgef,(omef;vdefzkif,tgef,-vhgacj)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / c[;yef wmif:pefxkdifoj;]Omofcof bj,

ayayj:pmif;cldif;ej,zSof}ehtldof;/ wD;sw.ref:Nofej;eh. wkdef:vlof,bl,ul;wD;? xgrf,wlnf:cmof,e[:Okduf:auj; oj;]vlof,}? xgrf,wlnf:cmof, e[:omef;auj; oj;]vlof,}ehul;wD;bof./ P;yefvh;ul;wD; trf,oj;aOw P;ukrf,vh; uj;ekdif;ckdif;umifeef.aw. vlof,rD:Nif:pAef: wj,yAefzl;tgef,Noftldof;/ ayj:eefaw.J

9. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;9. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;9. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;9. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;9. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- uGmrf:tefydlef;oj; rmuf,Okuf:wmif:eguf;ulnf: wmif:e[:Orf.cAoftefoj;eef. ref:rD:wD;ygif,qldif.pdkofcj;/

Omif,vdif,(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ]rmuf,Okuf:eguf; e[:cAof}ehoj,/ rmuf,

tefOkuf:wmif:eguf;aO wmif:e[:ref: Orf.trf,Okuf:eef.tldof;/ umrf.erfaw. yAefrmuf,Omif:azj: zgif:cmof:uwf:tldof;/ rmuf,Okuf:eguf;e[:cAofeef.ulnf:eif,uof, ulef:arjvmwf;uGmrf:cof Orf.tofpAwf:yldifwSuf;aO eldif:seulef:qldof:tef pAwf:uSif;rD:tuBmif. wmif:bmrf;

vDqldof:eef.tldof;/ tuBmif. wmif:bmrf;vDeef.trf,uBmif.vh;sw."? awj.sw. pAwf:uSif;uBmif.se yj;ej;yldef;ulnf:? ayj:zmh,vifyldef;aw.trf, uBmif.urfrAof:eef.tldof;/ ulef:rAof:eef.wmif:eguf;ref: pmif;vSyf;vDbl,aO wmif:e[:ref: Orf.pmif;qsv; qif,tofeldif: ]]rmuf,Okuf:eguf; e[:cAof}} eef.bof./

10. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;10. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;10. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;10. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;10. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- cj;qmh:eh. bgef.ugyf;oj; yAefulef:rj:qmwf;eh.auj; Orf.rj:wluf:bmuf; wluf:zmef umeftefv[trf,tefv[auj;pAwf:auj;trf,xdkifwD;bdlif:tmef: trf,rdlefeif,q[cj;aOtdwf:? bgef.ugyf;ukOlof, tukOlof,oef:vif cj;qmh:yAefqdlif.pdkoftefoj;eef.cj;qmh:ch;pkatj;/

qmh:pmefvSif:(xkif.idkef:O[)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ulef:pof: bl,Oof:udefxifvh; e[:rldif:

ulef:eh. trf,ykdif;tdifumrf,rAof:vAofulnf:/ vh;ykdif;tdifyj: nmef,sv; wif:wmif:uh.(oDIdb)tldof;/ulnf:uj; ulef:trf,rD:nmef,sv; ulef:cmef.eh.uh.ygif.se: umrf,tldof;/ wD;sw.ref: umrf,vDsv;qif,uldwf,yAefulef:rj:vl:/ vlof,P; nmef,sv;wmif:uh.vldofrj:xSif;ulnf:/ ulnf:uj; e[:Ogifyldifeef.auj; rD:wmif:uh.vmh"ulnf:? trf,vkdof;trf,egef:aO pAwf:umefbl,ul;cmof: eif,rlwf.eef.auj; ayj:trf,rD:nmef,aw. trf,vlef.vldofOifrj:eif,uof,/ ayj:c[;ckdef;Oif.aw. nmef,sv; wif:oD,Idbeef. vlof,zAif,ueftldof;/

11. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;11. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;11. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;11. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;11. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- bgif,wmif:puf. rof:wmif:puf.tefoj;eef. bgef.Oifsv;yAefrj:cj;aej/ qmh:pmefvSif:(xkif.idkef:O[)

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

39

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:rD:wmif:puf.? rD:q[puf.auj; rof:wmif:puf.eef.ej,/ ayj:trf,c[;rof:qgrf:wmif:puf.auj; vlof,wwf:ySwf; q[qof;uof, tef,av,puf.? av,vgrf,puf.yldef;eef.ej,/ ayj:trf,rD: q[puf.? q[vgrfpuf.yldef;eef.bof.aw.trf,qmif;rof:wmif:puf.bof./

12. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;12. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;12. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;12. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;12. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- tefydlef;oj;ymeftgefsv; ymefqgeftrf,xdluf;uefeef. ref:Orf.uAof,uyf: vgif;Oifcj;aej/

qmh:pmefvSif:(xkif.idkef:O[)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ]ymeftgef}tefoj;eef. yAefulef:

qldof:tef uldwf,Nyf.pefuefbof.aO rD:Okef,vh;ulyf.ul;uef yAefej;Ndef:eef.tldof;/ ymefqgef tefoj;eef.aw. uldwf,yAefulef: Nyf.pefuefbl,? ulnf:uj; Orf.trf,vh;sw,ej;Ndef:Nrf;uefaO qgefpeftofvmhvmhulnf:rAof:eef.tldof;/ wj,awrD: ymeftgef wD;uefrj:eef.auj; rldof;qmwf;ugef, vh;Nrf;uef pAwf:umefvDrj:v[? trf,eefauj; qmwf;eh. bmrf;vh;pAwf:zgef:vDyefuefv[ qldof:eh.tldof;/

13. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;13. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;13. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;13. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;13. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- zuf:vgif;puf.vgif;ySif:tefydlef;oj; puf.auj;qkyf, trf,puf.auj; qkyf,eef. Orf.yAefzuf:Oifcj;/

qmh:ugef:cdlof:vSif:(Omherf.au:-vmh:cj;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / Mhpkifblof.aej;/

14. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;14. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;14. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;14. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;14. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- zuf:tefydlef;oj;trf,OArf;auj;vSrf trf,OSrf:auj;ref:xD, trf,qD,auj;ref:Mrf tefoj;eef.yAeftD;Oifcj;/

qmh:ugef:cdlof:vDif:(Omherf.au:-vmh:cj;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / bkrfrmuf,vmif:eh. trf,OArf;auj;vSrf?

trf,OSrf:auj;xD,? trf,qD,auj; Mrfvl:aej;/wD;sw.ref: teftgefuefMif.oj;]zuf:emrf}eheef.auj; z[trf,OArf;eif,uof,vl:/ ulef:xD,cofauj; wrf.trf,wmyf;vh;OSrf: eif,uof,sv,? wif:arjxDbl,/ vldofaOeef. rguf,ch,rguf;rguf,ij:qmif.qldof:eef.auj; bif:trf,vh;qD,eif,uof,vl:? wif:Mrfej,zSof;vj;aej;/

15. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;15. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;15. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;15. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;15. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-tefuGmrf:uyf:xkuf,rD:oh.oj; rmuf,Okuf:uSef;eAof? rmuf,cAofNifimh;tefoj;eef. ref:ch;oj;pdkofcj;`

qmh:ugef:cdlof:vSif:(Omherf.au:-vmh:cj;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / rmuf,pAof, uSef;eAof;-rmuf,cAof Nif;imh;-

ehugj,aej;/ rmuf,pAof,eef. bgef.uSef;ref:pAof,pSif;bof.sv; ref:trf,Ol,Nif;imh;/ rmuf,cAoftefwkduf.ekrf,eef.aw. bgef.pSif:qyf:ref:trf,yh,ayj: uSef,ukdrf:sv; qmif;Nif;imh;tldof;/vgif;rmuf,pAof, rmuf,cAofeef.ulnf:eif,uof, yldef;Orf.av,uh. tofeldif: ulef:xof;sv;ulef:ekrf,tldof;/ ulef:ekrf,eh. bgef.q[avjsv, aojso?pAwf:Oifauj; trf,Ol;aq,? trf,Ol;cmof:pkdifbgef.wmif:rkif;rgif:erfsv; yldef;qif,tofeldif:rmuf,cAofaOoj;]rmuf,cAof Nif;imh;}ehoj,/ ulef:xof;aw. bgef.wlofxlyf:erf? pAwf:Oifauj; arjolef.pef vgif;zdwf: vgif;xkuf,? xSif;vgif;ekdif;auj; trf,ayj:qmif;arjrkif;rgif:erf? qmif;arjpmef.q[eldofzo yldifyAefqof;uof,aO pAwf:bl,vgif;uof,vgif;vAofsv; qmif;ref;aq,cmof:pkdiftldof;/ tdifvlnf;vgif;eef.aO qif,tgefuefoj;]rmuf,pAof, uSef;eAof}ehoj,/

16. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;16. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;16. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;16. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;16. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- wh:pof:eh. rD:rdlif:bl,pif:acj; Orf.trf,c[;bl,? Orf.c[;ugj,bl,rdlif:ydlef;


40

cj;? eh.yAefugyf;Oifcj;aej`qmh:ugef:vSif:(vmh:cj;)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / yAefugyf; trf,pkuj;cef wD;bl,wmef:Oof: qof;uof,eef.ej,aej;/

17. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;17. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;17. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;17. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;17. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vSef:bj;tefoj;eef. yAefaz:cAef ykef;wj,ulef:aOw ulnf:uj; ulef:pAwf:ref:Orf. awolef.qdlif.pdkofcj;/

qmh:ugef:vSif:(vmh:cj;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ulef:pAwf:vSef:bj;eef. ref:trf,

c[;pAwf:vSef:bj;? ref:c[;vh;ikdef:sv; pAwf:vSef:bj;tldof;/ Oifqldof.oj; ref:rD:Okef,pAwf:ikdef:qkdif ref:awtdwf,tguf,ikdef:wduf:"ulnf:/ulnf:uj; Okef,pAwf: teftoferf.rkduf. wgif;sq;aO ruf:ref;oj;]]ikdef:}}eef. ref:trf,rD:vh;ul;auj./ ulnf:uj; vSef;bj; tefyldef;pAwf:rj:eef.auj; trf,vkwf; trf,vh;? uj;awvh;vkwf;}ehaw. trf,oj;yj: trf,q[;pkdofvj,/wmif:zdwf:eh. rD:wD;q[wef,pj, tefrD:wD;vdef. trf,bldef.vh;aO c[;vkwf,eef.ulnf:/

18. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;18. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;18. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;18. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;18. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- bj;bjtefoj;eef.ayj:wlnf:ydlef;pAwf:tguf,rj: tmyf;awtrf,rD:ulef:wmhaOauj.? ulnf:uj; Orf.wmhbl,wduf:wduf:?trf,eefauj; awrD:wD;umrf,pof:cj;p/ bjtrf,wef:cdkwf:aOsv; vh;wmhugj,cj;pj;/

qmh:ugef:vSif:(vmh:cj;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / tD;bj tefyldef;pAwf:rj:eef. wj,

wkduf:ySwf; wmif:yAef tefqyf:oh. wD;wlofcdif:ulef: P;ref:pmhugj,ulnf:/ ayj:wmif:ch; wmif:yAefcSef:bof.auj; erf.uwf.bj;bjeef. ref:yAif:q[ ulef:pAwf:ref:bof./ bj;bj trf,xof;

trf,wmhaw. ej,pmif; yh,wgef.idef:oj; z[pAwf:tguf,aOyguf;/ vmh:bj;bj trf,xof; trf,wmhtefqof;auj:wrykwf.x pjpefoh.eef.aw.rD:bl,? ulnf:uj; ulef:pof: tgefuef OlifuBLduf;zgef:vDref:ulnf:? trf,ayj:tgefuefOlifuBLduf;udefOkif:bj;bjref:sv; wkduf.aw Okdyf,uldwf,xof;yAefwmhbl,cldof:"b[:ulnf:/

19. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;19. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;19. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;19. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;19. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ayj:Ogrf; wlef;rh.qkdifOrf.vh;toferf. Nwf:yef? ulnf:uj; ayj:Ogrf;e[:erf. Orf.trf,vh; tefoj;eef. rD:wD; ygif,qdlif.pdkofcj;/

Omif,vdif,(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / q[;tldof;aej;/ wlofbl,e[:erf. rldef

eif,yjauj; ayj:tofoh.eldofukef Orf.qmif;wmh?wlofbl,eldofukef rldefeif,ymifwmh:v[? eluf.v[qldof:eh.auj; ayj:tofoh.e[:erf. Orf.qmif;wmheif,uof,bof./ ulnf:uj; tD;OifaOtrf,oj; ayj:vlef.vldofqkdif awj;tD;bjpSif: wif:qmif;zdwf:vl:aej;/ wlofrD:q[ trf,rD:q[ wif:OAif; yAefrAof: tefbl,vlnf; xmwf;vdef erf. vlrf: zh:rlwf:"bof./ ulnf:uj; xmwf;OD,rAof: qldof:eef.auj; Orf.vlof,P;ref:zAif,uef (yAefbjyeDb)ugef, qif,vDtldof;/ wlef;rh.rmifrAof:eh. bgef.ref:yAef rAof:tguf,vh;eldofvdefulnf:? trf,q[;rAof:bl,e[:erf. eif,yl:sv; ayj:tofref: oh.e[:erf.auj; xmwf;erf. vlef.vldofaO qmif;eof; eif,uof,tldof;/

20. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;20. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;20. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;20. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;20. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ulef:urf;zgif;oj;e[:vkrf;zeh. idkef:wgif:vgif;b[,vdlofaOydlef;ehoj,? ayj:eef tefyAefyh,nj,eef.Orf.

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

41

aw ugj,q[wD;v[cj;vj,/Omif,vdif,(wmif.bmef:)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ]Nofq[ trf,Nrf;xlnf;-urf;zgif; c[;udefulnf;uyf:uldof}ehoj,/ wmif:pefxkdifz[, wmif:pefxkdifref:tldof;aej;/ ulnf:uj; tefulef:pof:vlof,qldof:eef. trf,ugrf.ikdef:ulnf:? ukOlof,?tkuf.qj,? yh,nj,? tlnf:vD? ymh:bl,vD? qkdof;OAifvD? Okef,(tmrf:emwf;)qldof:eh. vlof,rlwf:bof./ulnf:uj; rldof;ekdif;sv; rldof;ekdif; trf,rldefuef?rmifyguf;auj; ikdef:yAefb[,? rmifyguf;auj; tlnf:vDyAefb[,-pAwf:ehvlifugj,tldof;/ ulnf:uj; ayj:awOkdyf,ugj, e[:cmof:wmif:Orf,OIj,aw. ukOlof,Orf.yAefb[,tldof;/ vlof,ref: aOyldef;bof./

21. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;21. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;21. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;21. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;21. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- bl,w[;iof;rguf,ugef aObj,ayolef.vgif;rguf,cAwf.vj: tefoj; eef.ref:ygif,Oifcj;/

Omif,vdif,(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ykdif;tdifukif,rkef au:ql: auj.ekdif;aO

bj,ugj,w[:ykdif;tdif ukif,rkef au:ql: auj.teftrf,rD:pdrf: qof;uof,eef.-ygif,oj;ehtldof;/

22. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;22. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;22. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;22. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;22. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ayj:pSrfwmhulef:edkif;auj. Orf.oj;ulef:pmh.? tefpSrfNofrdkef,NofpAifref:eef.Orf.oj; yAefzl;pwf:pmefcj;vj;/

Omif,vdif,(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ugj,uef wD;bldif:tmef:tldof;/ tef

pSrfwmhulef:vAofeef. yAefyldof;qif:uef? c[;vh;clof:cgifueftldof;/ tdifq[ awj:O avj:zaOyAeftldof;/ tefcj;pSrf NofOdyf: Nofymuf,qldof:eef.aw. umrf.erf av,uh.bldif:tmef: wj,zj,Oj, omef;rldif: qldof.cldof:qldof:eh.tldof;/ ygif,

oj; tdifeldof wmif:pkaO pAwf:umefbof./ uGmrf:olef. umefrldif:eh. vh;pefoj;]wj,omef; P;ySwf;Ndef:? wj,tldif, P;ySwf;omef;? wj,rldif: P;ySwf;tldif,? wj,ulef:vmh P;ySwf;ulef:vAof? wj,ulef:erf P;ySwf;ulef:st,}ehqugj,tldof;/ olef.tofP;ygif,ygif,sv;e/

23. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;23. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;23. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;23. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;23. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ulef:vDtefoj; eef.ydlef;wlnf:wD;v[ref:aO vmwf;cj;/

Omif,vdif,(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:tofwlofcdif:oj;aw. trf,vlof,P;

wdefpuf: rkdof:ykwf: Neluf wjrgwf,eef.ej,/ayj:tof qj,Idwf,woj;aw. vlof,yAefulef:tefildif.so;vh; wkqIlduf; Odyf:yldif? ayj:toferf.q[oj; Orf.vlof,yAefulef:tefrD:erf.q[rAwf.wj, uIkej, rkwdwj, tkyAuf.cj,tldof;/

24. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;24. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;24. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;24. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;24. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ayj:Mwf;xdkifrj: yD(2015) e[:rdlif:Nrf;wkrfeh. idef:cmof,oj; ydlef;awsw,ymif,vdluf;wif;xSif;eh ykef;wj,yD;egif.qmof:cdlof:wh:pof:Orf. awrD:Okef,vh;Okef,yAefOifqdlof.pdkofcj;/

qmh:xdlef,Okif(xkif.cdkef:O[)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / Okef,vh;eh. ayj:y[.yldef;yefaw.

ref:trf,yAif:q[aOyguf;/ bgef.eef ayj:c[;rD:Okef,vDauj; vlof,arjtgefuefpAwf:umefvDP;ukdif,imrf,Okef,vD tefvSyf;pmif;pof:eef.ulnf:/ Oifc[;yAef ulef:bgef:auj; ayj:udefbof.vlof,tgefuefegef:? Oifc[;yAefulef:rD:auj;vlof,pAwf:umefpjikdef:? Oif,c[;yAefulef:pk ulef:arjauj; vlof,zkduf:zgef.Ogeftmef,? Oifc[; yAefckefapjcrf:auj; vlof,tgefuefpAwf:umef rAof:


42

wj,awyAef ckefapj;crf:vh;eef.ulnf:/ ayj:awukrf,egef:y[.umrf,-vmrf:y[.Okef, ulnf:aw.Okef,vh; tefawvh;rj:eef. awtrf,rldeftefvmrf:aO c[;vh;oh.eef.vj:vj:/

25. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;25. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;25. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;25. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;25. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- sw,tofumyf;ymefbmrf:vAofugj, awj,xdkifOj,Oej,ayj:wArfpj;pAifyDrdlif:eef. qof;Ipmef:cof trf,rD:Okef,vh;rmuf;nmef,zlof,nmef, edyf.ymef,bof.cj;p/

qgefbkuf.(ej:cj:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / Okef,vh;Okef,yAef wj,uBmif.urf P;

yAefzl;vDulef:rBmwf;eh. z[trf,wAuf:wAifz[vh;?wkdef:uBmif.urfvh;bl, ul;cdif,ul;cmof:/ umyf;ymefrldof;vAof cldif;cgif uj,rowf.xk vldif,sz;ukdef:erfrj:aOw yldifvlifeh. vlof,wkduf:sy.vh; erf.q[uj,rudav,Oj,pof:ulnf:/ awj,trf,Oif zmh,eguf;Oj,Oej, Orf,rjOrf,ykwf.xcofqof;bif: qmi f ;r D :qof;ywf.aq,uykwf.xj,vh;bl,vl:/ e[:Oj,Oej, Orf,rj,Orf,ykwf. eif,ymef rldof;vAofeh. vmh:uBmif.urf wj,wkduf:awj:ySwf; udav,Oj,vh;eef. wkduf.rD:wArfxlef;bl,sv; ayj:uBmif.vh;auj; wkdef:qmif;vmh; rmuf;zlof, edyf.ymef,bl,ulnf:/

26. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;26. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;26. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;26. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;26. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- qof;Omif,qdlof:tefxkuf,vdif, xkuf,wmrf,wif:Ogifvgif;bof.eef.yh,xdkifoef:pyf.OdefaO Orf.c[;P;wmif:zdwf:qAof:pmhsv;]]vof;aw,Oej,}}rdlefqof;Ipmef:eef. qgif,wmif:zdwf:cofaw vdlofrj:xSif;cj;/

bgefbkuf.(ej:cj:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / vldofrj:xSif;tldof;/ bgef.yAef]O>ojO

axeu}sv; rD:wmif:zdwf:tldof;/ trf,xkuf,vgif;ref:vj:vj:/

27. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;27. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;27. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;27. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;27. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- qof;Omif, qof;qmif:cofeh. rD:Okef,vh;vdif,? xmuf;vmhyguf;aO cdkef:cof;pmyf,umefOj,Oej,cdkef:vh;xSif;vmhyguf;cj;`

qgefbkuf.(ej:cj:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / uj;trf,yh,rD: q[vDtmhyldef;eef.aw.

xmuf;vh;? ekif;vh;xSif;bl,wduf:"ulnf:/

28. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;28. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;28. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;28. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;28. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- tefqmof:ykwf.x zj,Oj,pof: bgef:uef,awj:oh;Ojuef? P;tefvgwf;ylef.aO cAefvlifpj;ydlif odywf.wdTwj:OD,ydlifyBOej,Twj:pj;ydlif tefoj;qdlof:eef. yAefOifvmh"cj;/ qgefbkuf.(ej:cj:)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / erf.? zh:? ckef? ulef:pmh.? ulef:qif:qldof:eh. yAefcAefvlifpj;yldifbof./

1. uwdodyf.ywfwd-tgif;wD;awuldwf,yAef vk/2. uj,vodyf.ywf.wd-cmof:bmrf:vk? ulef:vldif:

erf? trf,tgefuefuBmif.urf Odefxrf:/3. yabjuodyf.ywf.wd-wmif:cwf:q[vk? rAof:vD

pAwf: trf,pAwf:? rAof:trf,vDpAwf: Orf.pAwf:/4. tkyxdodyf.ywf.wd-pmif;zmifvk? cldif;yldifwlof

cdif:trf,wArfxlef;qldof:eh. yAefodyf.ywf.wdTwj:OD,yldifbof./

1. njwdyBOe-yDegif.qldof.cldof:vkpmhomh:chg;/2. azj:uyBOe-aq:qdrf, clof:cgif vgif;rmuf;

rD: vkogwf;pmhomh:/3. aIj:uyBOe-aIj:uj, wmif:yAef wAuf:wAif

aO vkchg;wmhomh:/4. wdwf.xdyBOe-ymh:pefzdwf:yldifaO vk

bmwf, wluf:Okrf:zoqmwf;ymef/

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

43

5. OD,vyBOe-tuBmif. wmif:bmrf; vkbmwf,aO wluf:Okrf:zoqef.ymef-ehqldof:eh.yAefyBOeTwj:pj;yldifbof./

29. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;29. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;29. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;29. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;29. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-Owf:e[:erf.sv;Owf:edlofugif:eh. yAefOwf:rAof:v[tefb[,aOydlef;cj;/ qgefbkuf.(ej:cj:)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / Owf:e[:erf.eh. vh;pkoj; yAefyjpmif,udof,? Owf:eldofukefeh. vh;pkoj; yAefil:wkdif: b[,vldofyldef;-ehtldof;/ ulnf:uj; il:eh. ayj:ref:b[,bof. trf,tguf,rj:eldofvdefaO bl,ugj,e[:vdef-vh;pkeif,ehbof./

30. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;30. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;30. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;30. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;30. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- tefOzj,o zdif;wdkef:yAef? wlif.edkifpSif:ej, Omof:OD,qlof;rlif:ul;oef:_vdlef_yDeef. yAefqdlof:v[vmh"cj;/

qgefbkuf.(ej:cj:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / tefqmif;pAwf: P;zdif;wkdef:yAef

vSuf;vmh;eh. yAefxmwf;rh;tldof;/ ayj:xmwf;rh;pSif:auj; Ozj,o zdif;wkdef:yAef qmif;vSuf;vmh;bof./ tefqmif;pAwf:P; xmwf;rh; vldofrj:eef.Orf.yAefulef:tldof;/ q[.wkdof: qmuf;erf? pAwf:Ndef:rkif:vAuf:? tofykef Oldof,xlrfySwf;vdefrldif:sv; vdeftrf,qmif;qkyf,vh;erf.zlef? buof:xldef,yj,? wAifzmhb[,zmhvlifaO wyf.ySwf; wmif:ugj,erf.qldof:eh.tldof;/ ayj:ulef:pof: wkduf.pAwf:eefbl,aw. Ozj,o wkdef:vSuf;vmh;bof./

31. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;31. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;31. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;31. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;31. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- uj,xj,rmef,wmef,tefoj;eef. uSef,ay.uwf.brf auj.bdyf:urfref:? ulnf:ej, yAef]]tkyrj,}}ydlifwSuf;tof?tefaw.ref:trf,rD:cj;p/ cj;wc[;Ogeftmef,q[.wdkof:wlnf:cj;vj;/ qgefbkuf.(ej:cj:)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / tefqmif;pAwf:P; uj,xj,brfeh. yldifb[,ref:yAef OdefOD,vsv; Orxtldof;/ ayj:rD:umefrkef umefOdef qyf:wlofqyf:pmif;ugef,uj,xj,qif,brfbof./ ayj:trf,rD:Odefxrf:qyf:wlofqyf:pmif;Oifehaw. uj;ay.c[;vgwf;vj; vh;wmif:Olyf:ulef.? erf.vmh:ykef:ulnf:/

32. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;32. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;32. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;32. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;32. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ayj:yAefqof;Omif,qgif,awvDoh;Ojuef,awj: ayj;sr;cj;/ ayj:uef,awj:oh;Ojeh qgif,awrD:wmif:zdwf:cj;/

qof;yh,nj,ODId(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj: ayj;sr;ref: yAefIpmef:aw.

vDuef,awj:tldof;/ ayj:trf,eefaw. trf,vDuef,awj:/ ayj:ayj;sr; wkduf.yAefulef:Ndef:bl,aw. qof;Omif, trf,vDoh;/ ayj:oh;auj; bgef.qof;Omif, trf,rD:wmif:pksv; ref:auj;zdwf:?auj.yAefayj;sr;eef.auj; bgef.Odefcof yAefOdefpj;ulnf:? Orf.bgrf:pyf. ulef:urfOdefOdyf:uef,awj:sv; zdwf:eif,uof,bof./

33. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;33. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;33. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;33. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;33. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- cj;bmrf;pef xkif:yD;egif.ulef:rdlif:wh: ayj:pAwf:rif,uvj,ymifcSuf,ulyf.ul;uefeef. rkefqof;awtrf,vh;cof;ehoj,?ayj:rj:wlnf: rdlif:rmef;ayj:ehqdkif Orf.rj:pAwf:wD;uRif:rkefqof; vgif;eh.ref:ySuf,ydlif;uefqdlif.pdkof/ rdlof;ymefTzj:yAefqof; rD:bl,cj;pdkofaej/

qof;yh,nj,ODId(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ugj,uef wD;wmif:pktldof;/ rldof;qmh:

eef,wsv; emif:qeywuvBj,eD, ulyf.ul;uefeef. vh;pkoj; wmrfwlof Tzj:yAefqof; ckdef;Mwf;bl,/ ulef:wh: urf;zgif;auj; vh;pefymif:yj:rkefqof;? urf;zgif;auj; trf,ymif:/ umefrif,


44

uvj,ehej,aej;? rAof:v[ awyAefrif,uvj,vgif;vDauj; vlof,pAwf:uj;emef.ulnf:blof./

34. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;34. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;34. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;34. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;34. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- cj;bmrf;idef:oj;]ayj:yAefqof;Omif, awtrf,vh;oh;qof;rdlif:}ehoj,/qgif,q[;cj;pdkof? rdlof;ymefTzj:eef. qgif,Orf.rD:qdlif.eh? Orf.sw,rdlof;ymefv[rj:cj;/

qof;yh,nj,ODId(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / vgif;ulef:pof: eyf.brfzDeh. rD:rj:

tgefwmif:ymefTzj:ugef,tldof;/ vgif;eh. wlnf:tof vgif;ckefvdwf.OoD,cof eyf.brfqof;Oldofrldif:eef.auj; pkbof./ ulef:pof:oh;uefeh. ygif,oj, yefwmif:eyf.brfueftldof;? zl;vAuf. awvh;eyf.brf zl;b[,tldof;/ vgif;zl;vAuf. eyf.brf zl;b[,eh. rD:ul;wD;? trf,ugrf.uj; e[:Oj,Oej,ulnf:? rldefeif,Okduf:auj; zl;vAuf. eyf.brfzl;b[,? Owf:auj; wlofvAuf. vh;egrf: wlofb[,bof./ ulnf:uj; vmh:eyf.brfref: trf,rldefuefaO trf,uj: tefwSyf:wwf: vgif;vAuf.b[,ref:auj; trf,rldefuef/ yldifOj,Oej,aw.ukeokwf.xd (ukif,b[,)? obokwf.xd(OSef:ymef)b[,-eh rD:Ogifyldif? e[:Ogifyldifeef. ayj:auj.ekdif; ukif,b[, twj,auj.ekdif; Orf.OSef:ymefb[,qkdif Oj,Oej,pof: wSyf:wwf:oj; P;zl;OSef:ymefb[, eyf.brf zl;rD:ukif,b[,}ehoj,/qof;Omif,eh. urfvdif,Odyf:yldif? wmrf,Odyf:yldif?aOcdb-75yldif? cef,xuowf;-14yldifsv;Odefcof b[,erfvldof qof;rldif:bof./ qof;rldif:eef. bgef.trf,wgef. pefref:egef:uRif:urfOdefySwf,sv; Odefref:eef. erfej,auj; pj;OAef;uj;emef.ekdif;ugj;/ bgef.eefsv; ayj:yAef qof;Omif, rD:wmif:pkaw. trf,vD

oh;qof;rldif:/

35. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;35. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;35. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;35. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;35. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-bl,e[:Oj,Oej,aOsv; bl,e[:avj:uD,aO wgyf,ukef:rkefiof:ayj;sr;eh. tefv[awqAof:ay,cj;/

qof;yh,nj,ODId(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:tofTwj:Tzj:yAefqof;oj;aw.

bl,e[:v[aOwgyf,auj; wkdef:trf,ay,vh; aOyguf;/ ulnf:uj; umifq[ ayj;sr; Orf.c[;P; qof;uof,yAefpkdof? wlef;q[ qof;uof, Orf.rD: qldif.pkdof?ulef:pdrf:Mrf: qof;uof, Orf.yAefpkdof tefoj;qldof:eef. vlof,Ogef,eyf.wlnf: qgwf,"aq:"aOsv; pAwf:Omif;tldof;/ vldofaOeef. ]rldif:zDurf.wmif:vl,-wD;bl, urf.Nofq[} tefoj;eef.auj; trf,vDvkdrf:eif,uof,/

36. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;36. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;36. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;36. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;36. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ayj:pAwf:Ipmef:ehay,erf.elrf:sr;OgifcgefaO ayj:pAwf:qof;Omif, Orf.ay,erf.elrf:sr; cgefedkif;eh qgif,q[;bl,cj;p/ Tzj:yAefqof;Orf. qgif,apj:oh.cj;/

qof;yh,nj,ODId(wmif.bmef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / vgif;eh. yAefymh:olef. tefrD:e[:wh:

ulnf:/ ayj:tofvmh:Tzj:yAefqof;oj;aw. uj;yh,qhg;pAwf: P;ayj;sr; rD:Owf.xj, OD,v Okwqj,u yh,nj, pdId tgwf.wyf.y Twj:zl;ulef:vDqAwf:yldifqldof:eef.aw. yh,vh;oj; arjwgyf,au:ql: ayj;sr;-ehoj;/ awj;uj; pAwf:vh;rguf;uj;emef.ekdif;auj; wif:vh;wgyf,-ehulnf:? ay,bof.-ehaw. wkdef:trf,oj;yj:vj:"/

37. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;37. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;37. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;37. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;37. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ayj: Ndwf;_bkif: clyf:ulef:rD:wmif:yAefrSif:yD,aO ugj,clyf:xSif;wmif,auj.qdkif qgif,wmif:yAefawqyf:uefcj;? bof.

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

45

auj; bj;bjvDay.rSif:yD,sv;vguf:vmh:blwf:bjwmif:yAefeef.auj; wgyf,yefaOurf:cj;/

qof;eef,wrj,vj,(rdlif:yAif:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:vldwf; ulef:rD:wmif:yAef rSif:yD,

ugj,avj:nj:vldwf; ulef:trf,rD:wmif:yAefaw.qmif;qyf:uefrj:tldof;/ ayj:rD:wmif:yAefbof.aw. ql:arjbjcof bjyefeef. vDvldofaOarjvmrf:Oj:cof bjyeftldof;/ rSif:yD,-tefoj;eef. ygif,oj;yAefwyf:uSef,rj: cSifrj:vldofaOyldifuof,ref:rD:eef.tldof;/ ayj:wyf:cSifbof.aw. vlof,ildif.so; wmif:udef tefrgif? teftofclof;erf.ref:? tefvldwf,rh;qldof:eh.tldof;/

38. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;38. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;38. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;38. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;38. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- e[:rdlif:pof:cj; vduf;wh:pof:eh. ulef:ylifOgefref:auj;rD:bof.? ulef:pAef:tofref:auj;rD:bof. eif,pdkofayj:awNdof;Ndif:ugj,xSif;rdlof:ej;eef. awvh;pAwf:pdkofeh ydkif;qAifcrf:vSif:pof: yefwmif:pefxdkif tdwf:ekdif;cj;/ qof;zOSif(rdlif:aij.)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / rh.ekdif;wlef; yAefwlef;vrf:rj:eh.vh;qkyf,tof zkef,i[;ref:vdef ckdef;vAif.wlef;vrf:ref:aO rD:udif, zldof rguf, rmuf,rj:tldof;/ ayj:bof.auj; ref:Orf.ckdef:vlef,zldofref:vlif:yef P;yAefzkef,i[;ref:vdefckdef:aO ref:Orf.ckdef: qkyf,tofzkef,i[;ref:vdefqldof:eef.aO Okdyf,yAefwlef;rh.ugj,tldof;/vgif;vduf;wh: uGmrf:wh:eh.auj; awj,awrldefeefulnf:eif,uof,? qldof:yh,arjauj; vlof,pAef:tofP;arj? qldof:arjbof.auj; eif,pkdofulef:yj;vif awOkdyf,arjugj,eef. vlof,ckdef:ylifOgefyefyldef; qldof:yh,arj-vlof,pAwf:ehaO Okdyf,ugj,ulnf:blof.aej;/

39. qAi fcr f :vSi f :c j;39. qAi fcr f :vSi f :c j;39. qAi fcr f :vSi f :c j;39. qAi fcr f :vSi f :c j;39. qAi fcr f :vSi f :c j;- Oj,Oej,sv;odywf.Oj,eh. wD;ygif,uGmrf:wh:ch;oj;pdkofsw."cj;/

qof;zOSif(rdlif:aij.)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / Oj,Oej,eh. ygif,oj;]vgif;Oif,Ogef?

acj;Oif,Ogef? tgif;wD;Oif,Ogef}ehtldof;/ odywf.Oej,-tefoj;eef. Orf.ygif,oj;]wlnf:qgwf,"aq:"? tefv[ yAefOifbl,auj; P;pkygif,q[qgrf:}ehtldof;/

40. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;40. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;40. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;40. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;40. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- eif,pdkof ulef:auj.tefarjvj,eef. Orf.ayj:awpkwlofaO bgrf:wmif:vj,ref:eef. awvh;pAwf:pdkofcj;`

qof;zOSif(rdlif:aij.)Tzj:yAefqof;aw. oj; ]]tufaujaXe Qdae

aujX> = tofq[vDaO ay. q[vrf}}ehoj,/ rldof;zgif:ref:vj,bl,eef. bldef.xgrf,yef P;ref:ay,q[ tefref:c[;vj,eef.sv;/ bof.auj;bkrf.seref: P;bmh;bmh;sv;/ ayj:eefsw.ref:awvDtmhaO arjsr:wlofref:rj:bl, oef:ekdif;tldof;/

41. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;41. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;41. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;41. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;41. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vgif;vh;vmh;erf.Ogrf:Tzj: sv; vmh;rguf,arj;erf.Tzj:eef.zgef:vDref:rD:qldif.pdkofcj;/

qof;zOSif(rdlif:aij.)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / yAefvgif;ckuf:q[vh;Tzj:yAefqof;]YkWf

XjekOfOwdZjoej}tldof;/ zgef:vDref:aw.bgef.tdifvlnf; wmif:bkrf,brfaOsv; pAwf:Omif;sv; qmif;P;q[qkdef;O[vDtldof;/

42. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;42. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;42. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;42. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;42. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ayj:oj; qof;Ipmef:cofMif.qof;Omif, Okif:Ogrf:qgrf:cofeh awyAefwmif:zdwf:Oifcj;/


46

qof;zOSif(rdlif:aij.)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:Okif: Nrf;omef;uefaw. qmif;

awxkuf, yj,qdwf;tj,ymwf;eef.ej,/ ulnf:uj;Okif:Nrf;zldefaOw ayj:trf,Nrf;omef,uefaw. trf,zdwf:Oifeif,uof,/

43. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;43. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;43. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;43. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;43. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ulef:udlof:brf:ykwf.xzj,Oj,eh. ayj:awtguf,ugj,bl, wmif,zj,Oj,awvh;pAwf:pdkof? ayj:ulef:wmif,zj,Oj, c[;cof;rj:e[:Oj,Oej, Orf.awvh;pAwf:pdkofcj;/

qof;zOSif(rdlif:aij.)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:c[;tguf,ugj, zmh,eguf;Oj,Oej,

aw. vlof,oj; ]uofildof;aO ySwf;Oj,Oej, uofbof.} ehulnf:/ ayj:ulef:wmif,zj,Oj, c[;cof;rj: e[:Oj,Oej,ykwf.x Orf.vlof,wkif:pyf.OIeukif,OmrfyldifaO pyf.Odefpj;tldof;/

44. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;44. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;44. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;44. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;44. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vlyyf.vduf;xrf:Tzj:yAefqof;pof: seayj;sr;sv;Oif? P;ayj;sr;pof:pAwf:umefvD olef.vgif;vDOlif,rAwf.wj,qdlof:eh. qgif,vh;oj; wgyf,ukef:ayj;sr;bl,cj;p/

Odlofimefvlif(rh.tkefvof:-vmif:cdlof:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / vh;oj;wgyf,tldof;/ vmh:wgyf,au:ql:

ayj;sr; tefTzj:oj;oh.aw.]ayj:ayj;sr; trf,yh,rD: Owf.xj,? OD,v? Okw? qj,u? yh,nj,?pdId? tgwf.wyf.y(Twj:zl;ulef:vDqAwf:yldif)auj;vlof,cwf:q[ P;cofrD:rj:? ayj:cofrD:bof.auj; P;cofrD:Okef,sz;wldef:erf"eef. vlof,cwf:q[qhg;xSrfcof}ehtldof;/ vmh:ayj;sr;uBLduf;aw. vlof,oj;imh; xgrfuGmrf:cof rguf;uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/

45. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;45. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;45. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;45. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;45. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-]]ayj,rj;rl}}tefoj;eh. ref:pAwf:pdkofyAefrj:cj;/ bof.auj;awvh;blwf:bjqdlif.pdkofeh qgh;oguf,vmwf;yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

Odlofimefvlif(rh.tkefvof:-vmif:cdlof:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / rj;rl-eh. yAefrj:ugyf; tAefOmhvldwf;

e[:uguf:Nof rD:wkrf, rD:ylrftldof;/ ayj:udefzdwf:aOsv; wkrf,ylrf tAefOmhvldwf; tefrD:e[:uguf:Nofeef. uD;rj:auj; bgef.vldwf;trf,qmif;ugj,thg,yef e[:uguf:Nofvh;sv; qif,rof:rj:? vkdrf:wlofrj:tldof;/ ayj:wkrf, ylrftefeef. bgrf:ugj,auj; ckdef:cSef:tldof;/ yldifvlifaw. vlof,so.yefwmif:udef rAof:qmif;zdwf:eef. P;vh;vh;eef.ej,/ ayj:trf,so;vh;aw. trf,arjcSef:/

46. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;46. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;46. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;46. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;46. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- uh.vh;pefe[:qmwf;Tzj:yAefqof;eef. tvgif:Tzj:yAefqof;baO.ehvmh"ulnf:aO tefyAefIpmef: trf,rD:cj;p/ bof.auj; baO.sv;Ipmef:eh. ySuf,ydlif;Oifuef qdlif.pdkofcj;/

Odlofimefvlif(rh.tkefvof:-vmif:cdlof:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / baO.eh. rD:vh; zmh,eguf;Oj,O

ej,aO trf,qgrf: acj;Oif,Ogefz[aOsv;umrf.erf uBmif.urf OdefySwf,tldof;/ qof;Ipmef:tefoj;eeff. Orf.yAefvkuf;egif. way: Tzj:yAefqof;cof tefyAefOrf,rjOrf.ykwf.xaOuBmif.urf yj,wdrguf.cOrf,oIOD,vqugj,tldof;/zgif:aej,vgif:Tzj:cofqof; Omif;yj,IrD,eef. uh.uldwf, yAefulef: zgif:Oj,Oej,Tzj:trf,rD:sv;qif,oj; vh;pefyAefqof;bbof./

47. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;47. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;47. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;47. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;47. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vmh:uyf:Odkyf,rdkwf;udkof:

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

47

ulef:? vmh:cof;tguf,ulef:qdlof:eh. qgrf:eif,qAifcrf:vSif:pof:cj; vAyf;pAef:pkrj:eef. oguf,vmwf;yefzgif;cj;/

Odlofimefvlif(rh.tkefvof:-vmif:cdlof:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:pef zl;b[, vlof,yefwmif:eyf.

brf? ayj:cof;ql: wD;yldef;bl, vlof,ugj,eyf.brfqof;ej;wD;aO oguf,vmwf;se qkdof;qof;uof,?wD;bl,qof;uof,sv; tduf,qArfvgif;vlof,bgef:ykdif;wD;bl,? bgef:vkdof;Oof:? ayj:awtguf,ugj,auj; vgif;oj;qof;uof,awugj,eef. vlof,oguf,vmwf;seaO vmwf;uGmrf: Nrfqlrf: cgyf;q[vlnf;yefvkdof;Oof: vAif.vlqldof:eef.tldof;/vgif;ekdif; rAof:yldef;vSyf;awtrf,uBLduf;eef.

trf,vDvmwf;tguf,Olyf:vj:"/ ulef:pof:auj.ekdif;sv; auj.ekdif; Nyf.pefuefeh. ayj:vh;pkquf:ruf:qkdof; rkdwf;ukdof:uefqkdif vDvldof tefawj.sw.bmrf;pefuefeef.tldof;/ ulnf:uj; tefawj.sw. bmrf;pefuefeef. Orf.vDvldofaOvgif;trf,pefvDuef? xmif,zdwf:uef? xAifuefqldof:eef.tldof;/ bgef.eefsv; acj;uGmrf: rAof:tefqof;uof,vmwf;tguf,Olyf:sv; yldef;trf,uBLduf;? trf,eefauj; rAof:tefwmif:pef trf,rldefuefeef.aw. trf,vlof,vmwf;tguf,Olyf:aO vlof,so; P;vh;tldof;/

48. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;48. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;48. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;48. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;48. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ulef:pof:cj;eh. wj,awpuf.uef vlof,ulef:Ogifauj.ulnf:aOw wj,awbl,Nrf;Mrf:qgrf:uefugj,eef. bgef.Oifsv;vlof,tofulef:wmif:erfoj;cj;vj,? Oyf:vSif: yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

qmh:omef;eguf;(xkif.uSwf;)wgy f,wgy f,wgy f,wgy f,wgy f,/ /]uj,arOk rdwf.Ojqj,I}tefoj;

eef. qmh:omef;eguf; awygif,q[bl,ugj;/ ayj:ulef:wif:vmh trf,yh,vh;pkqgrf:aO ruf:ref;oj;]yAefyl,tguf, zlofar:uefbof.}aw. yldef;wkdef:qmif;sO.Ogrf:bof./ vgif;uj,reh. awj;trf,Oif rldof;zgif: wkduf.yAfefqkuefulnf:sv; ugj,rj:qgrf:uef trf,q[;wD;q[;tgif;? trf,q[;cdif,q[;cmof:eef. wif:qmif;oj;pif:uefbl,ugef,vl:/ulnf:uj; ayj:ayj;sr; yD;egif. ruf:ref;yef?ulef:wif:erf vh;pkqgrf:oj;]ulyf.ul;uefbof.}ehaw. vgwf;yldef;sO.aO vgwf;zdwf:uj,ar,Okbof.ej,/ bgef.eefsv; vlof,ulef:erfpkqgrf: ruf:ref;yeftldof;/ wgif:oh.sv;e/

49. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;49. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;49. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;49. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;49. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- cj;bmrf;idef:ydlef;oj;]tofulef: auj.tefpof:puf.eef.sv; bj,aytof ulef:auj.tefpuf.pof:eh urf;zgif;Orf.oj; tofulef: auj.tefpuf.pof:sv; bj,aytofulef: auj.tefpof:puf.ehcj;oj, vkif:qAifcrf:vSif:pof:cj;vl: awvdluf;auj.v[cj;vj,/

qmh:omef;eguf;(xkif.uSwf;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:awtof auj.tefpof:puf. Orf.

cDq[rldof;ref: zmwf,pof:? ayj:awtof auj.tefref:puf.pof:aO pof:Orf.trf,puf.ref:eef.auj; Orf.awcmefq[ rldof;bl,qgrf:uefsv; vkif:qAifcrf:vSif:aw. trf,cmrf,vh;wmrf,qldof:eef.aOrAof:/ bgef.eefsv; awpAwf:rmof,xof;aO bl,ugj,ulnf:bof./

50. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;50. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;50. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;50. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;50. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- rdlof;zgif:qof;Oif,cj,cofqof; vgwf;apj:urf,roj,qj,yefwD;omef;eef. vh;pefcofqof;vgwf;apj: ul;yj:cj;atj;/trf,rD:qof;tefy[.xgrf,aOyj:cj;? ayj:trf,rD:


48

qof;tefxgrf,ref:qdkif qgif,ref:rSef;qgrf:wD;tef awqvgwf;oj; ]]OkEjwk ar}} eheef.cj;p/ ydkif;vkif:qAifcrf:vSif: wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

OgefvSif:(wj;ykif,-vj;OAof;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / P;rSef;aw. trf,rSef;/ rAof:urf,roj,

qj, tefoj;eh. rD:zdif;yldif vlof,vgwf;ekdif;yj:?Ogifyj:? trf,eefauj; Omrfyj:ulnf:/ ayj:vgwf;apj:ul;yj:yj:aw. vh;oj;trf,Omif,xkuf,sw.eif,oj;tldof;/ bgef.eef rldof;xgefOdrfsv;Oif? rldof;vgwf;zwf: teefwIj,bduurf,roj,qj, qgrf:omef;Olef Ndef:ab:qldof:eef.sv;Oif? wD;erfOkwf:ref: vlof,vgwf;wj,Omrfyj:aO tefukdwf:qldof:eef. vlof,y[.xgrf,? vlof,pAwf:ykuf.ulof, OkEref: qif,xkuf,rSef;tldof;/

51. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;51. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;51. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;51. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;51. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-ayj:Ipmef:yj:edkif;yh,c[;ylwf:Oduf;cj,aO wdkuf:tofvgif;wmif:ul;vgif;"aO pAwf:P;qof;Ipmef:Orf.ayj:ylwf:Oduf;cj,ugj,eef. tefyAefauj.q[.eef. qgif,awrD: wmif:zdwf:Oifcj;pdkof? yd kif;qAifcrf:vSif:pof: Oyf:vSif:yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

qmh:od(xkif.emif:tmuf,-rdlif:Ol;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / yldef;trf,c[;xmuf;sv; wAuf:q[.yldef;

xmuf;eh. vh;oj; pAwf:cAefawj, ukOlof,wmif:vDyldef;sv; yAefyknf,nefwsI,? Ouf.uef,wsI,? xrf,ref,wsI,qldof:eh.tldof;/ zdwf:vkduf.oh.tldof;/

52. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;52. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;52. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;52. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;52. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- tefwdkof:urfOdefOdyf:qof;Omif,cofsv; tefwdkof:urfOdefpj;

wif:ulef:Ndef:eh. qgif,awudefcof;Nrf;uefzdlefvAofvh;cj;/ ydkif;qAifcrf:vSif:pof: Oyf:vSif:yeftdwf:edfkif;cj;/

qmh:od(xkif.emif:tmuf,-rdlif:Ol;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / qof;Omif,eh. bgef.trf,vlof,umyf;?

ulofvgif;umyf;vkauj; trf,rD:sv; trf,rD:wmif:zdwf: awvh;oj;ehbl,/ ulnf:uj; Oazj:Twj:ekdif;vgif;eh. toftefrD:e[:yyf.aO wSyf:wwf:ulnf:auj; rmifyguf;eh. trf,Omif,xkuf,eif,uof,? vlof,tof wlif,oldif: ulef:pdrf:Mrf:aO wSyf:wwf:tldof;/ rD:xkif: trf,vDb-eif,oj;bof./

53. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;53. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;53. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;53. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;53. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vgif;wgyf,Omh;wSef:ukef:rkefayj;sr;eh. awtofvmh:qdlif.pdkofaOwgyf,wSef:cdkef: P;ayj:wluf:xkuf,aOydlef;cj;/

qmh:od(xkif.emif:tmuf,-rdlif:Ol;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / wlnf:ckdef: wD;acj;xmrf rmh(35)sv;/

54. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;54. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;54. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;54. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;54. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- zl;bdif:auj.tefvAif.vkuf;aO OAif;tj,bkugj,qgrf:eef. cofawvh;ugj,(Uwd)zkif,v[ zov[cj;/

vgef.rgef:wh:(au;vghySuf,)rdlif:umofvlif? wmif.bmef:

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / tdifeldofvlnf; wlef;q[ref:emif:rldof;zgif:OAif;umrf,eef.tldof;/ ayj:erf.q[ref:emif: yAefvgif;vDauj; qmif;vh;OkuwdaO ayj:erf.q[ref:emif: wkuf.auj; qmif;vh;Mwf;wkuf.uwdtldof;/

55. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;55. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;55. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;55. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;55. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- zl;tefvh; qj,wdwf.OInmef,eef. qgif,qmif;pkvh; ]]umrf,}}cj;pdkof? qj,wdwf.OInmef,Orf.pkpefxdkif oef:vifvh; vmhzocj;? Orf.pkpefxdkifqdlif.pdkofcj;/

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

49

vgef.rgef:wh:(au;vhgySuf,)rdlif:umofvlif? wmif.bmef:

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / tdifvlnf; yj,IrD,cofqof;tldof;? ayj:cofqof; Omif;yj,IrD,rj:erfauj; qmif;pkvh;erfaO ayj:yj,IrD,trf,ayj:erfauj; trf,ayj:pefvh;uhuj;pkdof? av,pefckdef: ekdif;qmwf;auj;rD:?Ogif,Omrfqmwf;qugj, awj,xkdifOdyf:qmwf;? Omof:qmwf;auj;rD:? rldefeif,Tzj:yAefqof;aw. pefckdef:vh;cmof:wmif: OD,tOif,ac, ymhOSefurf,zj,eheef.ej,/

56. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;56. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;56. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;56. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;56. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- bkif: rSif:rof; Ndwf;Owf:OmrfrAof:eh. tOmuf;cof bl,Oof:vh; e[:rdlif:clif:umifuj;pdkofcj;/

Omif,-qeu(erf.wgif)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / vh;pkoj; bl,vh;cmof:wmif: qAwf:oef:

tldof;/ ulnf:uj; rSif:rof;eh. ayj:coftguf,N:bof.aO ckdef:sw,xSif;vmh:r[,eef.aw. awOkdyf,bl,vh;cmof:pkdifbl,blof./ vgif;wlofOwf: quf:rSif:eh. qAifcrf:vSif: trf,vh;vAyf;pAef:oh./ vh;vAyf;pAef:oh. vgif;xrf:ydwumwf;ulnf:sv; ayj:rD:acj;qkwf;bgrf:auj; cGmif:yeftdwf:ekdif;/

57. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;57. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;57. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;57. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;57. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- umeftrf,vDwmif:OAif;eh. pkbl,aOsv;pAwf:? trf,pkaOsv;vh;pAwf: zdwf:rSef;bl,oef:"cdkef:"eef. zgef:pmh.qref: tefv[euf:pSif:aOz[cj;/

Omif,-qeu(erf.wgif)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / rldefulef: bdyf:xmef,zh:eef.ej,

aej;/ ayj:pkoj; ref:qmif;rh;aO bdyf:auj;awj.sw. wef:rh;tdwf:"ulnf:/ rldefeif, vkuf;tgef, tefyh,pkvgif;xmef;zh:aObdyf:eef.

aw. bgef.yldof;trf,pksv; trf,arjso; wmif:rh;ref:aO bdyf:urfoh.bl,cmof:pkdifeef. pkwlduf;uj;rh;vldoftldof;/ umeftrf,vDeh.auj; bj,trf,vgwf;aO vh;pAwf:rSef;auj; bgef.arjsu;bl,sv; cSef:aO qldof:trf,arjsu;eef.tldof;/

58. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;58. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;58. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;58. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;58. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- Ipmef:qof; tef yAefIpmef:bof.aO Orf.vmwf;seydlef;wmif,auj.oj;]trf,yh,q[;Ipmef:}eheef. qgif,ref:qof; awxkuf,tj,ymwf;wD;cj;/

Omif,-qeu(erf.wgif)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / pkbl,aOsv; ySwf.vSefyldef;eh. rD:

wmif:zdwf:vlnf; Orf,yqj,erkOjoj,w Oduf.cj,ykuf;tldof;/

59. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;59. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;59. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;59. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;59. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- e[:urf,zj,vlifeh.tD;OifyAefvgif;b[, wj,qmwf;ymefulef:pof:ul;auj.eh ydkif;qAifcrf:vSif:pof: rguf,vmwf;yefaOurf:cj;/

qdkef;rgef:pmef(cof;eAofomef)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ukOlof,? tkuf.qj,? yh,nj,? tlnf:vD?

ymh:bl,vD? qkdof;OAif;vDsv; tmrf:emwf; Okef,pAwf:Omif;uBmif.urftldof;/ e[:-7yldifqldof:eef.wj,Nuf:yldifaw. vgif;b[, wj,qmwf;eh.aO ukOlof,eef.aw. vgif;b[,wj,ul;qmwf;"bof./

84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- qkrf:qAifcrf:vSif:pof:cof tdwf,tguf,yyf.rD:(20)yDbof.sv; Orf.olef.qdlif.pdkofaO tdwf,tguf,rdlof;vdlefqAif rSef;zgif:bmrf:vAofuef wif:yDr[,vSuf;vmh;? ugyf;OifOrf.O[,qdkof;qAifcrf:vSif:cj;`

qdkef;rgef:pmef(omef;cofeAofomef)


50

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ]qAif}eef. bldif:oj; wh:? ]crf:}eef.bldif:oj; Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;? ]vSif:} bldif:oj;P;Ndof;vSif:? ]P;Oj,Oej, acj;Oif,uGmrf:Ogefykwf.xqof; Ndof;vSif: wj,wh:}olef.eif,eh aOyefqkdof;oj; qAifcrf:vSif:tldof;/ ulnf:uj; bldif:oj;P;Oj,Oej,ykwf.x Ndof;vSif:e[:wh: ehaOwulef:tef xmrfxkdifqAifcrf:vSif: qldof: eef.aw. trf,ayj:xmrfvgif;Oj,Oej,Oif uj;pkdof?ukrf,xmrfcldof:vldef? cldof:vmof? xmrfrj: wD;ygif,uGmrf:uyf:xkuf, rguf;uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/vgif;nj:rldof;uef wif:zgif:yDr[,eef.aw. yAef umefawj,wwf.uefulnf:/

61. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;61. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;61. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;61. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;61. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,wmif,cdlof:eh. qgif,cofMwf;vh;rdlif:zD rdlif:edyf.ymef,vh;cj;pdkof/ qAifcrf:vSif:pof: wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

tmh;wh:edlof(xkif.tl:yArf,-oAif:idkef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / acj;xmrfrAof:eh. rldof;ylef.rj:cmof:wmif:

2500yDqlof;eh.eef.auj; qof;Ipmef: Okzwf;bmrf;tofxmrf Tzj:yAefqof; rldof;uSef,qof; qrfqmrf,edyf.ymef,av,"eef.tldof;/ rldof;eef.uSef,qof;wgyf, oj;]]Oj,Oej, tefrD:rmuf;umif,ySwf;yldifauj; rD:vh;Ore(zl;tefudav,Oj,bAef)? Oj,Oej, teftrf,rD: rmuf;umif,ySwf,yldifeef. trf,rD:vh; Ore? rldefuefwif:e[:umifpmof trf,rD:vh; Mh:wdefeluf.eef.-ehbof./ rldof;vAofauj; awvh;wgyf,yef eif,eefulnf:eif,uof,/

62. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;62. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;62. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;62. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;62. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ymifygh:yDr[,wh: rmifwD;eh. pefcofwSrf;oh.oj;]]wh:cdlof:Odlof}}? wD;e[:yyf.vduf;auj; pefwSrf;oj;]]wh:cdlof:Odlof}}ehcj;? wh:

sv;Odlofeh.uyf:umh,uefOifwD;cj;/tmh;wh:edlof(xkif.tl:yArf,-oAif:idkef:)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / uGmrf:acj;eh. P;ayj:Omif,xkuf,sw."aw. awvh;oj;]]wh: emrf,Oldof}}ehtldof;/ wD;aw.ref:wh:eh. trf,q[;cldof:Oldof tefyAefOwf:/ yAefcldof:Oldof tefyAefqof; yAefqgrfrAof:eef.tldof;/ rldefeif,tefoj;]]qof;Oldofomef;? qof;Oldofrldif:? qof;Oldofrh.}}ehqldof:eef.ygif,oj;]]qof;teftkyf.yldif, zgif:irf: omef;? rldif:?wlef;rh.}}ehtldof;/ zl;tef tkyf.yldif, e[:ej;wD; aOwD;wD;eef. Mif.oj;]qof;Oldof}ehtldof;/ ulnf:uj; teftofOldof rAof:yAef wlofOwf:eef. rj:q[.uyf:wh:oh.eef.aw. ygif,oj;]Oldof,eh. ref:pmh.pwf:uwf.cSef,sv; wh:auj;P;ayj;rD: wmif:pmh.pwf:uwf.cSef,eef. qif,vlduf;tofOldof rj:pAwf:emrf,wh:oh.uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/ Oldofeh. trf,q[;cldof:vAofuef wif:wh:? wh: yAefqmof:cldof:ulef:aO Oldof Orf.yAefqmof:cldof:Owf:tldof;/

63. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;63. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;63. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;63. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;63. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ulef:pof:ul;auj.eh.bgef:Ol:P;vh;Mwf;rdlif:zDeh? ulnf:uj;Jqof;apj:Twj:cof rmifqof;Orf.apj:oj;]zDcofeh.bgef:Ol:c[;yAefulef:}ehcj;vj,/ qAif:crf:vSif:pof: wgyf,yeftdwf,edkif;vl:/

tmh;wh:edlof(xkif.tl:yArf,-oAif:idkef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / P;oj; zD c[;rj:yAefulef: ehaw. trf,

bmrf;pef? trf,bmrf;idef:/ ulnf:uj; xmef;zDsv; ulef:eh. ugj,uef wD;rD:Okef,pAwf:ukOlof,sv; trf,rD:eef.tldof;/ zDcofeh. bgef.ukOlof,pSif:bof. qif,vh;yAefzDsv; vlof,qmrf,ylnf;aq:qdrf, uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/ bgef.xmef;

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

51

aq:qdrf,cof trf,yldif;uefOifuj;pkdofsv; coftrf,rD: wD;pAwf:umef ukOlof,/ rldefulef:rD: awj,ulef:rD: bl,Oof:qgrf:uef uj;emef.ekdif;bof./bgef.eefsv; ayj:cof c[;pAwf: umefukOlof,auj; uj;vh;rj:rldif:ulef:ulnf:tldof;/ ayj:Tzj:tvgif: vlof,Omif;yj,IrD,auj; vh;vlif:rj:Omif;e[:rldif:ulef:ulnf:/ bl,e[:rldif:zDaO Omif;yj,IrD, trf,vh;/ bgef.vlnf;vgif;eh.sv; cofc[;rj:rldif:ulef:tldof;/ ulnf:uj; ayj:cofvlif:rj:rldif:ulef:ekdif;yguf;eh. rldefeif,ulef:pof: vlif:e[:xmif,av,-ehoj;/ bgef.eefsv; cofvlif:rj:auj; bj,trf,vgwf;vh;aO rj:ulnf:/ P;ayj:tguf,q[c[;rj:aw. trf,yAefvh;/

64. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;64. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;64. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;64. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;64. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ayj:xdkifrj:cmof:zlefeh uh."vh;idef:OAifzzj, zvifsv; vgif;eh.yD;egif.wh:pof:cofurf;zgif;oj; yAefckefzD ckefOmifcofwdkuf:uefehcj;oj,? uyf:umh,vlnf;vgif;eh.Tzj:yAefqof;pof:qgif,apj:oh.cj;/ bof.Orf.bgef.Oifsv; zzj, zvifcj;/

tgef,vSif:z(rdlif:abj)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / vgif;zzj,eh. trf,vh;pef Tzj:apj:

Twj:oh./ bldif:tmef: tefTzj: rj:wif;Oj,Oej,eh. yAefwj,wkduf:awj:ySwf; P;udav,Oj,e[:wlof bAefpmhulnf:? vgif;wmif: wmif,qldof.wmif,yldiftefoj;eef.aw. ayj:rD:ulef:xmrfauj;apj:aO ayj:trf,rD:z[xmrfauj; uSef,qof;trf,apj:/ ulnf:uj; e[:wD;ceduj,b? OD,vuf.cef,xouf.u? wD;trf,ywf.xOkwf;eef.aw. vh;pefoj; ckefOduf:uBj: bdyf:cGmefOSifaO rj:vguf,qmh:trf,ywf.x teftofuGmrf:uvldif: uqldif:aO

vmwf;awj,Tzj:bl,eef.tldof;/ vgif;zzj,eh.yAefrj:bgef. vlrf:Ogifzmh, avj,uef wkrf.uefzmyf;O[,uefoj,/

65. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;65. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;65. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;65. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;65. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vmef uh."vh;xgrf, xrf:tefqof;TOj,vlifcofqof; apj:Twj: eef.oj;]]ulef:pof:qdlof:tefyAefTzj:ugj, erfvdlofrAwf.pdefrAwf.Omh:erf.uif:uj,}} ehcj; sv; qdkof;Tzj:yAefqof;cofOrf.vh;pefrD:(28) qof;ulnf:cj;sv; ydkif;vkif:qAifcrf:vSif:pof: Oyf: vSif:setdwf:edkif;cj;/

tgef,vSif:z(rdlif:abj)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / Okwf:wD;oj; trf,eyf.tmef,vh;?

erfvldof rAwf.pdef rAwf.Omh:ehsv; P;ayj:pkqkdof;cofqof; vh;rlwf:auj; trf,yAefvh;blof.aej;/ yldef;oj;pkdofauj; xgrf,qgrf:eif,eefaOugef,sv;/

66. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;66. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;66. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;66. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;66. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- zl;auj.tefvh;Nyf.pefzDzAwf, teftrf,q[;aWowjeef. yAefulef:umrf,tlef;cj;pdkof trf,eefyAefulef: rD:zkif:umrf,wD;cj;pkdof/

Omif,-qdef,wj,rb(erf.wgif)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / uh.yAef zl;tefbmrf;yAef yD;egif.uef

wif:zAwf,eef.tldof;/ vldofaOeef. ayj:pefzAwf,qkdif awtrf,vh;oj; zAwf,vguf,/ awvh;oj; zAwf,bgef:ukOlof, wrf;yD;egif.-ehtldof;/

67. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;67. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;67. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;67. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;67. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vj;edlof.sv; ulef:rAwf:yj ulef:qkwf,yj, e[:cofOmrfauj.eh. yAefauj.v[rD:umrf,euf:aOydlef;wD;cj;/

Omif,-qdef,wj,rb(erf.wgif)


52

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / uj;yldef;trf,wmh wAuf:pSrfwduf:" tefyAefvj;eldof.eef. rD:umrf,euf: vldofyldef;tldof;/ulef:oAwf:yjauj; yAeftukOlof,bl,? ulnf:uj; ayj:yjtrf,udefauj; ref:trf,udef tefref:oAwf:eef.auj; trf,xkdifwD; vh;tofyldef;wmh? ulef:qkwf,yj,eef.auj; c[;qkwf,yj,ulnf:? trf,bldif:P;yldef;wmhsv; erf.q[ref: trf,pmif;q? trf,yj:avj:z? awj:OaO yAefvlnf;rkdof:vlef:ulnf:vl:aej;/

68. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;68. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;68. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;68. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;68. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- auj.teftguf,q[ aq,wej,aO xmyf;xSrfumrf,vDtgef,ref:eef.Oifpof:ugj,bof.bguf,vAef;? bj,P;ref: pAwf:Omif;ugj,xSif;ehqdkif qgif,pof:rD:wmif:zdwf: b[,vlifsv; Oifoj;bgif;abj:Orf. qgif,pof:awvh; ukOlof,wD;ref:cj;/

Omif,-qdef,wj,rb(erf.wgif)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / yldef;awpAwf:umefvDsv; buof:

yldef;eh. zdwf:yknf,nef,wsI,? Ouf.uef,wsI,tldof;/ ygif,oj; bukOlof,yldef;? bySwf;Okef,vDyldef;-ehtldof;/ ayj:yefpSif:aw. vDvldoftldof;/

69. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;69. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;69. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;69. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;69. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ulef:pof:ul;auj.eh.tofcof;Omefwlrf;pkifOkuf:aO Odkyf,tOmuf;ugj,oef:v[oef:eef.? bkif: Ndwf;aw,ugj,Owf:yj,rmifqdlof:cofauj;tofvdlwf;tgef,bgwf,edkif;aOvAif.tOmuf;cofugj, cdif,v[cmof:eef.ulnf: ayj:olef.wlnf: pof:Orf.qgif,vDtofcofwmhwD;cj;/

Omif,-qdef,wj,rb(erf.wgif)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / olef.auj; trf,vDtofwmh? trf,olef.

auj; trf,vDtofwmh/ trf,vAif.vh;auj; vlof,tD:cofymh;ySwf;uj;emef.edkif;ulnf:/

70. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;70. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;70. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;70. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;70. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- cj;uh.vh;idef:yl,uRif:cofbmwf,erf.aO Orf.umof,xdkifyj:oj; qArftefOdyf:Ol,pj;ymuf,ySwf,rdkef,vgif:awj, Orf,zj,Iaej,qof;wuf:ayj,wmrf:ueftefoj;eh. c[;umof,xdkifqdlif.pdkofcj;/

rmof,rmof,qmh:tgif,rdlif:(omef;ymif,-rdlif:bh)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / c[;umof,xkdif Tzj:tvgif:coftldof;/ Tzj:

tvgif:eh. yAefzl;vD ulef:rBmwf;tldof;/ umeftefyl,uRif: bmwf,erf.eef.auj; yAefumefvDsv; ulef:vDawj,ulef:vD umof,pjueftldof;/

71. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;71. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;71. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;71. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;71. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- umyf;ymefrdlof;vAofeh.bgef.Oifsv; Ipmef: cofqof;urf;erf"uh.av,idef: cofoj; yj,Ij,qduyAefydlifvlifaO vdlofeef.trf,ayj:oh.yAef ydlifb[,ehcj;vj,/

qmh:tgif,rdlif:(omef;ymif,-rdlif:bh)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / umifoef:eh. ayj:ref:qmh.vlifbof.

auj; pkwlduf;uj; pSif:vSwf;ref:tlef;eef.ej,aej;/ Oduf.cj,ykuf; rmifNofeh. ref:trf,uyf:umh,uef wif:ymefrldof;vAofauj; yj:tldof;/ qldof:eef.aw. rldefeif, Oduf.cj,ykuf; tefuyf:umh,uefwif:Ipmef:bdif:cofeef.tldof;/ rldefeif, yj,wdawOeD,bOD,ydlifeef. wkdef:yAef tefuyf:umh,uef wif:Ipmef:bdif:cofvkrf:"vl:aej;/ymefrldof;vAofeh. bgef.Ipmef:bdif: trf,rD:bof.sv; trf,wmyf;vlof,vh;uBmif.urfbof./

72. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;72. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;72. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;72. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;72. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- clof:cgifydlef;wmif,auj.eef. rdkwf;uefaOauj;vD? trf,rdkwf;aOauj;vD tofbof.qif,vmwf;qof;ref:eh. qgif,awvh;oj;zdwf:]]tWdefejWje}}wD;cj;/

qgefbkuf.(ej:cj:)

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

53

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / rldof;tofeef. qgif,rD:q[c[;vuf.-vlof,clef.pjiof;ref:eif,tldof;/ ayj:bef,q[oj;tmef:vuf.aOtofaw. zdwf:? ayj:trf,tmef:auj; trf,zdwf:-awvh;oj;ehtldof;/

73. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;73. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;73. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;73. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;73. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-]]qof;OD,ovd wif:qof;tkyukwf;}}Ogifqof;eh. rD:rj:qArf;rdlof;ymefTzj:cj;p/ trf,eefauj; rD:omh:Tzj:yAefqof;cof;qmrf,edyf.ymef,bof.cj;p/

qgefbkuf.(ej:cj:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / qof;OD,ovdeh. rD:rldof;ymefTzj:? qof;

tkyukwf;aw. vh;pkoj; rD:Tzj:yAefqof;qmrf,edyf.ymef,bof.tldof;/

74. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;74. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;74. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;74. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;74. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- qgrf:eif,cj;vh;vl vh;apj:wlnf:acj;xmrfwgyf,qAifcrf:vSif:eef. yAeftefwgyf,yefcdkuf.crf,vh;vDaw.cj;bof.? bgef.ehcj;c[;bgef:xmrf vgif;tgef,rAof:edkif;cj;atj;/tefcj;c[;xmrfaw. yAefvgif;]]cof;}}cj; atj;/qof;cl:cj;cof bmrf;xmrfbl,oj;]]cof;vkuf. wD;v[rj:}}eh? cj;auj; trf,qmif;wgyf,aOyguf;? Twj:tefoj;]]cof;vkuf.wD;v[rj:}}eheef. rdlof;vAuf."cj; bmrf,vh;xgrf,yguf;edkif;? bgef.ref:pdkif bof.sv; cj;auj;trf,wgif:vh;bof.? cSef:awj; su;wgyf,yefaOurf:cj;/

wdkef:(omef;ykif,-rdlif:bh)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / acj;wgyf,rAof:eh. ayj:awwgyf,auj;

ref:wkdef:awtrf,qmif;vh;tefaw.ref:aOawyAefvh; tykrf,rguf;uj;emef.ekdif;/ ref:rldefuef wif:tefoj;]]uh,ayj;sv; ch,uh,eh. z[rD:rj: tgefwmif:z[}}ehrAof:eef.bof./ wlef;rguf,rmuf, tefulef:pof: arjtofqmyf;uefaO yAef

rj:eif,rmuf,Nofvdif:? rmuf,ref.uyf:qldof:eef.qif,pjarjrj:ulnf:/ rldof;ugef,rldof;u z[trf,wgef.pAwf:rj:/ bgef.eefsv; ]cof;}eh. awoj;]]aOauj."qmyf;rj:}}ehauj; awyAeftefvSefvmwf;ulnf:/ awvh;oj; ref:yAefcldif;cgiftefukduf: erf.vdefpdefzjrj:ehulnf:bof./

75. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;75. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;75. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;75. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;75. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vmefbmrf;idef:wh:pof:urf;zgif;oj;]]zmh,blef:sv;zmh,awj:eh.zmh,blef: rSwf;vdlofaOzmh,awj:}}ehqgif,q[;cj;/ Oyf:vSif:seyefaOurf:cj;/

Oefvghqmuf;(xkif.abj)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / z[rSwf;vldofz[ tefoj;eef. Orf.

awtofOif pAwf:yldifcgef.xwf:ref:vj,/ ayj:trf,rD:yldifcgef.xwf: wj,wSuf;wlnf:aw. trf,qmif;yefacj;wSyf:wwf:vh;blof.aej;/ Oifoj;z[udav,Oj,st,auj; ref:rSwf;-ehauj; auj.tefudav,Oj,ejeef. trf,rSwf; qmif;oj; vh;eif,ehtldof;/ vldofaOeef. z[urfOdefref;auj; ref:rSwf;? z[uBmif.urf Orxvh;auj;ref:rSwf;-ayj:oj;ehqldof:eh.auj; ayj:z[trf,uBmif.urfvh;auj; ref:trf,rSwf;eef.ej,/ vgif;rSwf;sv; trf,rSwf;eh. yAefacj;uGmrf: wj,Okef,wlof yj:v[yj:eef.ulnf:? trf,q[;acj;uGmrf: wj,rl,qkrf:(uldif:)blof.aej;/

76. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;76. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;76. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;76. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;76. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- Twj:tefrSwf;aOydlef;eh. yAefTwj:Nofv[cj;/

qmh:omef;erf.pmrf:udlofwgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:vgrfwlnf: rif,uvj,Okwf;auj;

Orf.oj;]]ayj:uBmif.urfvh; qmif;vh;vgif;ckdef;b[,uwf:bAef}}ehsv; rSwf;bl,? vldofaOeef.


54

Twj:rpj,Owdywf.xmef,auj; ayj:uBmif.urfqgrf:qkdif qmif;P;udav,Oj,rlwf:omh:aO vh;vgif;pkygif,vSif:q[-ehsv; rSwf;bl,eif,uof,/ rAwf.wj,Okwf;auj; Orf.oj;rSwf;bl,eif,uof,sv; uj;yAefTwj:wif:vlifaw. trf,trf,vD? trf,rSwf;eh. trf,rD:blof./ trf,vgif;ekdif;auj; vgif;ekdif;bgef.ref: qmif;yef wmif:uwf:bAefbl,eef.bof./

77. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;77. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;77. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;77. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;77. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vmef bmrf;vh;pefulef:auj.edkif; udlwf,tguf,yj:rj:Omhap, cAef:acj:qAwf:Myf;atj;? tefeh. bgef.ydlof;Oif rmifqdlof: Orf.trf,yj:cj;aej? vmeftrf, ygif,q[aOtdwf:cj;? ydkif;vkif:qAifcrf:vSif:pof: oh.q[b[,bmof:aO Oyf:vSif:seyeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

cldof:xlof,eof;(xkif.uSwf;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / e[:rldif:ulef:vlifpof:eh. vgif;vmuf,

vmh:tefoj;eef. ref:wkdef:qmif;rD:tldof;/teftrf,wgef.bmrf;rD:sv;rD:eef. tgefuefoj;]OSefrD:}ehoj,/ ulef:ekdif;auj. rD:uguf:NofOgifvkuf;? ulef:ekdif;auj. rD:wdefOD,cgef? ulef:uldwf,zjszqyf:uefqldof:eh. yAeftefvmuf,vmh:vlifvgef."bof./ umefrAof:eef. ayj:tofTwj:oj;aw.]yAefyldof;umrf,}? ayj:tofymh:Omhoj;]yAefyldof;qldof.zef:}ehulnf:bof./

78. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;78. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;78. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;78. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;78. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- bmrf;vh;idef: ydlef;oj; umifoef:eh. b[,aOurf,zj,eh qgif,q[;cj;?bof.auj; b[,aOurf,zj,vmhykef;cj;/

qof;Xrfrdu(erf.qmif)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / olif:oef:vlifeef. awj;bl,wD;ukef

rldif:eh.aO bmefuhrguf;uj;emef.ekdif;sv; wif:

rh;vldoftj:vj:eef. z[Orf.awugj,bl,pdrf: ref:aO wSuf;wlnf:vh;vj,/ teftgefuefoj;]ref:b[,vldofukefrldif:}eheef.aw. yAefumefvmrf:vmwf;tofulnf:/

79. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;79. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;79. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;79. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;79. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vmefuh.bmrf;pefwh:pof: ayj:eguf:bj;bjeh bgef.Oifsv; vh;tofedof.umifwof(eguf:)tofvmh"auj;trf,pkcj;aej/

ugef:cdlof:vSif:(xkif.uSwf;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / qgif,wh: trf,rD:wmif:pefxkdifoj;

edof.uhg;eh. yAefyluRif:? edof.wmrf:eh. yAefOax:? ayj:rD:crf:rj:auj; vlof,wkdof:yefref:?edof.umifeh. Orf.yl,TOj,? ayj:vlof,eguf:bj;bjeh. vlof,q[.ref:? edof.qdeh. yAefqof;qgrfzl;qdOif,? ayj:vmwf; vlofserj:auj; vh;tofedof.qdaO qdse? edof.ykuf:eh. Orf.yAefwrf,ij;? ayj:vlof,rdyf, eAuf: uguf:Nofyj vlof,vh;q[.ref:-ehtrf,q[;pdkofvj,/ bgef.eefsv; ayj:eguf:bj;bjauj; uj;vh;q[.yl,TOj,eguf:tldof;/

80. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;80. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;80. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;80. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;80. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ulef:pof:eh. udefcof;udeferf.rdlefuefulnf:? bgef.Oifsv; erf.q[Orf.trf,rdlefuefcj;vj,/ ydkif;vkif:qAifcrf:vSif:pof:Oyf:vSif:seyefzgif;cj;/

ugef:cdlof:vSif:(xkif.uSwf;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / tdifvlnf; pdrf:Mrf:? wD;bkrf,brfsv;

umrf, tefbmrf;vh;pAwf:rj:qldof:eef.tldof;/vgif;pdrf:Mrf:eef. tgefuef oj;]qrfOifauj;yAefeef.}ehoj,/ vldofaOeef. umrf,tefbmrf;vh;pAwf:rj: rldof;vmhqlof;vmhqmwf;qldof:eef.auj; qmif;P;ulef:pof: vh;yAefvgif;vDtduf,vgif;q? qmif;P;erf.q[vD q[pmh. zkwf:rj:

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

55

eif,uof,tldof;/ uGmrf:yxmef:aw.oj;]tjaOoe=vgif;bmrf;uofeof:cof:clef:rj:}ehoj,/

81. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;81. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;81. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;81. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;81. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- bmrf:awj;vAofeh.Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof;pof: wluf:cdkif;yj;erfrj:bof.auj; bgef.Oifulef:rdluf;ulef:vdlif: Orf.erfrj:wduf:"cj;/

ugef:cdlof:vSif:(xkif.uSwf;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / urf;zgif;Orf.Odyf.P;nD,-urf;zgif;

Orf.oD,P;pmif,}ehoj,/ wj,ulef:rldif: awrD:tuBmif. wmif:bmrf;vDrj:eef. Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;aw. Oif,Ogefyefbl,? ulnf:uj; rl,qkrf:wmif,rl,wmif,qkrf: Orf.zkduf:P;ulef:pmh.vldofrj:?pAwf:tguf, cldif;q[.wmif:wkdof: rAof:Omefcwf:Oj,Oej,erfrj:sv; ulef:pmh. ulef:vldif: qif,erfrj:bof./ Oiftgefuef xgrf,tof? tofuBmif.urfqgrf: acj;Oif,Ogefykwf.xqof;aw. wkdef:awtrf,qmif;arjrD: ulef:rlduf;ulef:vldif:vh;/

82. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;82. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;82. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;82. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;82. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- wh:pof:urf;zgif;tgefuefoj;]]ayj:uSwf:umyf,eAyf.rdkof:_wdefumifcrf;umifcdkef:}}eh wjwdefwjrdkof:rgwf,eh qgif,q[;cj;/urf;zgif;Orf.ymhoj; ayj:uSwf:eAyf.wdef_rdkof: Ndef:ydlef;eef. ayj:umyf,eAyf.wdefrdkof:pof: wluf:oh.ehqdkif]]auj.uSwf:wluf:eef. zmefOmrfyD? qof;Ndef:Orf.zmefawj,qlof;}}ehcj;oj,? vkif:qAifcrf:vSif:pof: pefxdkif eif,pdkofcj;/

Odlof:ugef:cdlof:(rdlif:abj)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / vgif;wjwdef wjrkdof: rgwf,? trf,rgwf,

eef.aw. oh.aOugef,? cmof:umifcrf; vyf:Odif,vyf:ikrf:sv; uSwf:eAyf.wdef eAyf.rkdof:eh. qmif;uSwf:nj:yj:eldof.pof: trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ bgef.

eefsv; trf,vDuSwf:tldof;/ umyf,eAyf.wdefeAyf.rkdof:eh. ref:yAef tefolnf,pif; rAof:ekdif;trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ cldif;cgifolnf,pif;eef. trf,vDtofySwf; e[:wD;bl,yldef;vl:/ uGmrf:Oif,Ogefulef:rldof;ugef,cofeh. trf,ayj:Ol;rD:tef zdwf:ref:sO;/ ayj:cofoj; ]trf,vDpAwf:}ehauj; vlof,tgefuefso;eef.ulnf:bof./

83. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;83. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;83. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;83. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;83. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- bmrf:vAofOj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof; Ndof;Ndif:rj:(2556)bof.wD;cj;sv;ayj:xdkifrj: yDOj,Oej,(5000)yDwArfeef. zh:awrh;urf,zj,eh qgif,q[cj;pdkof/ ydkif;vkif: qAifcrf:vSif:pof: oh.q[b[,bmof:aO Oyf:vSif: seyef qdlof:pof:cj; tefyh,pkeh.aOurf:cj;/

Odlofugef:cldof:(rdlif:abj)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / zh:udav,Oj, awrh;pSif:vldof rguf;uj;

emef.ekdif;ugj,/ P;oj; zh:vkuf.rh;ySwf; ukefrldif:vlifeh.aw. trf,yh,yAefvh;/

84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- cj;c[;bgef:xmrfvgif;vduf;wh:tdwf:edkif;cj;/ vduf;wh:pof:cj;eh. rdlefeif,tefpof:q[.wdkof.awj;vAofsv; vduf;wh:rmof:? vduf;wh:cdkefqugj,wif:OAif;eh. wh:pof:cj;rD:vduf;vmhrAof:cj;/

tmh;wh:edlof(xkif.tl:yArf,-oAif:idkef:)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ /]vduf;wh:rmof:}eh bj,ayoj;aOurf:

ej/ ref:yAefvduf;uof, wh:pof: tefq[.wkdof:rj:rldof;yh,yAefrj: vduf;wlofrlef:tldof;/ oef:rldof;eh.tgefuef Mif.oj;]vduf;xlof,iguf:}ehoj,/ ykdef:ygwf:tgef,cofaw. vkuf.wD; vduf;xlof,iguf:bAef:rj:yAef vduf;wlofrlef:? vkuf;wD;vduf;wlofrlef: yAefrj:vduf;OAifwSwf; tefNrf;uef q[.


56

wkdof:bl, oef:rldof;eh.tldof;/wh:pof: tefvmwf;uGmrf:Nrf;acj;uef? tef

vmwf;uGmrf:Nrf;acj; trf,Nrf;wlef:OAifuefeh.tgefuefq[.wkdof:oh. ]vduf;xlof,iguf:? vduf;wlofrlef:? (vduf;OAifwSwf;)? vduf;rldif:(ckdef)? vduf;crf:wD;? vduf;wh:vSif? vduf;tj,Nrf,}ehqldof:eh.tldof;/ wh:eh. bgef.bdyf:vduf; erfej,sv;vmwf;Oifauj; trf,ayj:Ol;yAef acj;vAof OAifvAofuef/ ayj:wSrf;tguf, ekdif;wD;auj; trf,pkwlof;cldof:vh;/ rldefeif, vduf;tef tofvduf;xlof,iguf: wSrf;oh.eef. wh:qldof:bdyf: vduf;wlofrlef:?wlofrldif:qugj,qldof:eef. trf,arjvl/ ulnf:uj;ayj:vmwf;uGmrf:wh:rj:aw. Orf. ygif,uefrlwf:bl,/ bgef.vgif;eh.auj; pof:wluf: vkdef:yldef;bof./ yldef; rldefeif, tSif:uvAwf; cofaw. ayj:cofwSrf;vduf;tguf,ekdif;zkdefqkdif uj;yAefulef:vmwf;uGmrf:Nrf;acj;uef tefyAef tsr,Idumef,?uae,wj,? qdif,uj,yl,? ebl:qD,vSef,? atj:qaw:vBcofqldof:eh. vlvh;rlwf:bof./ ulnf:uj;pof:aw. trf,q[;eif,eefaO ydef;zlefeef. ugj,ySwf;bof./

85. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;85. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;85. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;85. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;85. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- wlofsr;vduf;wh: wlof(')sv; wlef:OAif(<)eh. awj;vAofzl;wSrf;vduf;wh:pof:cof wdkuf.uGifyAefyefpjvlife[:umefwSrf;vduf;wh:bl,sv; cSef:P;qAifcrf:vSif:pof:rguf,vmwf;yef wD;q[.sv;vmh:q[.ref:tdwf:edkif;cj;/

qgrfvdlef(omef;ykif-rdlif:bh)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / wlof]'}eef. ruf:ref;oh.oj; yAefsr;

OAif;uSrf-ehtrf,q[;pkdofvj,/ sr;OAifuSrf-tefoj;eef. auj.arjq[. qif,q[.? auj.trf,arjq[.

auj; oh.oh.aO tof]z}q[.ulnf:auj;vh;-ygif,oj;ehtldof;/ wlef:OAifbuf:ckdef;eef.auj; yD;egif.wh:pof: urf;zgif;ulnf: arjq[.? urf;zgif;trf,arjq[./ wD;aw.aw. vlof,arjq[.eif,uefrlwf:tldof;/ ulnf:uj; ayj:oj;]trf,arjq[.}ehauj; ref:Okwf:wD;oj; trf,arjeef.bof./awsr: iSef;cAof;iSef;zef:aOq[.auj; vSyf;iof;rldof;xldof;ej,tldof;/ ]trf,arjq[.}eh tefoj;eef. ygif,oj; trf,arjwSyf:wwf: awtofwSrf;rldof;eif,pkdof-eheef.tldof;/ Oifoj; aOauj."wSrf;rj:aw. vh;oh.rldefwlef:OAifOmrf? OAifbuf:qrf;(;)aO vlugj,tldof;/ ayj:eefaw. wD;ygif,ref: trf,ayj:qmif;arjyldif;bof./

86. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;86. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;86. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;86. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;86. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- acj;Oif,Ogef wif:vgif;bkrf,brf qmof:udlof:brfykwf.xqof;pof:cj;eh. ulef:zj,Oj,wmif,cldof:cof vAyf;pAef:wdkof:urfqgrf:vh;bl,eh qmof:udlof:brfykwf.xzj,Oj,pof:cj;vl: qgif,Orf.awvD vAyf;pAef:wdkof:urfqgrf:zdif;xkif: zj,Oj,ydlef;cj;pdkof/

qgrfvdlef(omef;ykif,-rdlif:bh)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / vDvAyf;pAef:bl,/ ayj:vSyf;awrD:

zgef:vD wj,qmwf;eh. qmwf;ej; wj,edyf.ymef,? trf,eefauj; ayj:rD:zgef:vD wj,yldef;?wj,pof: wj,zj,Oj,omef;rldif:qldof:eh. vDtofwkdof:urfbl,/ ayj:trf,q[;eif,eefaw. vDvAyf;pAef:aOw trf,vDtofwkdof:urf/

87. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;87. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;87. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;87. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;87. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- e[:zj,Oj,vlifOD,tefeh. ykwf.xzj,Oj,Orf.yAeftefqdkof;q[;rBmwf;wgef:vdlofydlef;wif:OAif;aOw yAefOifsv; ulef:tefudlof:vDbkrf,brfref: Orf.st,

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

57

vdlofaOydlef;cj;/qgrfvdlef(omef;ykif,-rdlif:bh)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ul;vD ul;trf,pyf.vh;? ul;trf,pAwf:qgrf:vh;tefoj;eef.ej,/ awj;trf,vldofaOe[:ulef:qmof:ykwf.pof:auj; auj.tefqgrf:vh;zAef;"eef. emef:ulef:oh. trf,q[;p/ xSif;vgif;ekdif;auj; vgif;ulef:pof:st,eh. pof:trf,ayj:rD: vgif;cgwf,vldwf,uef? trf,ayj:rD: vgif;Olef:wkrfsv; ulef:cof;qkrf:pof:st,tldof;/

88. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;88. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;88. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;88. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;88. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ydkef:oAif:rdlif:ydlef;tefrD:yD;egif.wh:pof:bl,Oof:sv; ydkef:qof;zwh:pof:qdlof:eef. Oifoj;Olif,rj: qgif,qAifcrf:vSif: awpyf.tofO[,e[:yyf.vh;cj;pdkof/

qgrfvdlef(omef;ykif,-rdlif:bh)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:yAefykdef: rAof:teftrf,Omef

cwf:Oj,Oej,? trf,Omefcwf:qmof:cldof:sv;omef;rldif:eef. awpyf.tofO[,tldof;/

89. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;89. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;89. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;89. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;89. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- eif,pdkofulef:rdlif:wh:pof: tefugj,pAwf:umefbl, rdlif:ydlef;qdlof:eef.awc[;cdkef:rj: rdlif:wh:pof:cdkef:eef. awvh;pAwf:pkdofcj;/

qgrfvdlef(omef;ykif,-rdlif:bh)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ulef:wh: ugj,pjpAwf:cD;cj;yldef; wmif,

rldif:tefoj;eef. wD;sw.ref:aw. c[;pAwf:cj;yldef;aOugj, trf,q[;/ c[;pAwf:umef tefvh;ikdef:sv; qif,ugj,tldof;/ vgif;cofvh;zmwf,ayj;sr;yD;egif.vkuf;vmif:cofaO ugj,eef.auj; coftrf,qlrf:Oldof:uj;pkdofeif,uof,? ulnf:uj; bgef.yldof;vlof,ikdef:sv; qif,ugj,vl:/ bgef.eef ayj:c[;P;cof rj:ckdef:auj; vlof,rD:Okef,aO wif;Nif:

umef yefcoftldof;/ ayj:cofrD:umefvh;ikdef:bof.aw. rldif:yldef;eef. q[.ugj,auj; wkdef:trf,ugj,eif,uof,sO;/

90. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;90. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;90. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;90. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;90. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- vh;idef:ydlef;oj; oguf:tefwSrf;rmuf,vgif;wmif:puf.qkqlof:eh. trf,yefwmif:pkOifehcj;oj,? qAifcrf:vSif:pof: Orf.pefxdkifqdlif.pdkofcj;/

qgrfvdlef(omef;ykif,-rdlif:bh)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / trf,yef wmif:pk wj,Mwf;rldif:zD rldif:

Omif? wj,vh;rmuf;zlof, edyf.ymef,aOw qmif;yefwmif:pk e[:umefqkqlof: zlofar:tldof;/ wmif:puf.-tefoj;eh. ref:yAefcldif;cgif wlofbl,e[:clif:uj,rvl:aej;/

91. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;91. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;91. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;91. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;91. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- uj;wD;umyf,edof.rdkof:ulef:pof:eef. rmifyguf; vh;pefrAwf.cmof"tgef,tguf,rj: tgefuefMif.oj;]]rguf,rdkof:}}eh qgif,q[;sw.cj;/ bof.auj; rguf,rdkof:eef. ]]ayj:ref:tguf,rj: wD;edof.ugh;-rD:ulef:puf.? ayj:tguf,rj:wD;edof.wmrf:-rD:ulef:rdkwf;? ayj:tguf,rj:wD;edof.umif-rD:ulef:uBdLuf;? ayj:tguf,rj:wD;edof. qd-rD:ulef:qif:? ayj:tguf,rj:wD;edof.ykuf:-rD:ulef:tD:vl}}ehqdlof:eef. qgif,rSef;sw." cj;p/tefyAefrAwf.cmof"tgef.sw. rmifyguf;uh." pefrD:aw.bl,cj;/

qmh:qmh:(rdlif:egif)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:tofOazj:Twj:oj;aw. ayj:rD:

q[rAwf.wj,? uIkej,? rkwdwj, yldef;puf.? ayj:awj:Ob[, trf,bldef.uef; yldef;qif:? ayj:xlyf:wkuf.c yldef;at:vl? ayj:arjtkyf,arj yldef;rkdwf;ehaw. oj;oh.tldof;/ ayj:tofTwj:oj;aw.


58

vgif;yldef;puf. yldef;qif:eef. trf,tdifeldofyuf:zmif wlofcdif:ulef:aO tdifeldoferf.q[sv;wmif:vmwf;wmif:qjtldof;/ tefoj; rguf,rkdof:wD;edof.v[sv; yldef;puf.yldef;qif: tefoj;eef.pof:vgrfwlnf:ckdef: ykdef:Tzj:yAefqof; wif:vh;pef zl;tefqif:uSef,qof; rldefeif,aw,owmwf;auj; rD:? zl;tefeyf.brfuSef,qof;auj;trf,st,"eif,uof,vl:/ ulnf:uj; qgif,Tzj:yAefqof;rD:rguf,rkdof: tefoj;eef. pof:Orf.trf,wef:ckdwf:sv,aej;/ wD;sw.ref: wD;umyf,eAyf.rkdof: tguf,wkrf,zlduf,"rj:eef. yAefyldof;pAif:vldwf;Nofq[ pSif:tlef;tldof;/ wgif:oh.sv;e/

92. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;92. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;92. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;92. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;92. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- e[:uj;tefOlif,rl,vduf;rj:aO wSrf;oh.qdkof;ymhurfsv; rdlif:v[rdlif:eef.qdkif qgif,qAifcrf:vSif:pkwlnf:oj; rdlif:eh.ulef:wSrf;vduf;erf? rdlif:eh. ulef:wSrf;vduf;st,ehaObof. Oifzmif.rSef;oj; rdlif:eh.trf,rD:z[wSrf;rj:aOyguf;ayj:eh qgif,awpefxdkifoj;rdlif:eef. trf,rD:ulef:arjwSrf;vduf,ehcj;pdkof/

qmh:qmh:(rdlif:egif)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / trf,yh,wgef. bmrf;Ogef,wlnf:eif,

uof,/ qAifcrf:vSif:aw. trf,c[;qSuf,sz P;yAefuofyAefr[:eif,eef/ z[wSrf;rj:auj; ayj:ref:yAefvduf;wh:auj; Ogef,oj;yAefwj,wh: wif:cldof:aOtrf,uj: yldef;wmif,cldof: qldof:arjvduf;wh:qldof:eef.auj; c[;P;ukrf,yj:tldof;/

93. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;93. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;93. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;93. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;93. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- acj;uGmrf:tefoj;]trf,rD:auj;pj-trf,rj:auj;vSef;}eheef.Oyf:vSif:seyef acj;vdkef:tefoj; ]]trf,rj:auj;vSef;}}ehzgif;cj;/ qdkifOrf.oj; trf,rj:

Orf.P;vSef;cj;vj,/qmh:qmh:(rdlif:egif)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:ref:trf,rj:ql:pof:auj; pof:vlof,vSef;ugj,ql:ref:tldof;/

94. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;94. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;94. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;94. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;94. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ulef:cldof:pof: vh;ugj,ckdef;qef.qgrf wD;ulef:wmif,cldof:bl,sv; qef.qgrfwh:pof:eh. trf,yh,rD:vh;cj;p/ cj;ulof qldof.cldof:pof: rldefeif,oj;]]Olefuhqof; olof:trf,cof;auj; uGmh:wof}}eef.cj;atj;/

qgrfykdef:rldlif:? rldif:ukdifwgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / wj,awwif; qef.qgrfwh:aw. rmuf,

tkwf,ref: wif:yh,wef:vh;zofugef,blof./ rAof:uSwf,uif;vh;auj; vlof,uSwf,uif;aO ayj:vSyf;aw trf,uSwf,vh;auj; vlof,oh.q[tkyAuf.cj, zgif;eef.ej,? qmif;oj;pkdofvj,aej;? ulef:vlif tofvkef;bof.vl:/

95. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;95. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;95. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;95. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;95. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ulef:auj.teftrf,wSyf:wwf:vh;q[qof;uof, awc[;pAwf:umefOifeef. Orf.ukrf,tlwf:pAwf:umeftefulef: erfyefpSif:bl,eef. qgif,awrkef:r[,vh;cj;/

OSofMrf?awj.Omif,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ulef:pof:eh.auj; ref:rldefwlef;rh.

eif,uof,tldof;/ ayj:vgrfwlnf: wlef;rh.qkdif awvh;pef tefwif;wlofvh; pif:ulnf: eif,rmuf,rlif; rmuf,vmif:qldof:eef.auj;rD:? tefav,umef:ylof.eldofyldef;aO qif,ckdef;Okifvh; eif,zuf:pj; Olrf;cgefqldof:eef.auj;rD:? teftrf,ckdef;Oif.ckdefawjvh;aOtdwf: eif,zuf: eguf,eef.auj;rD:vl:aej;/ ulef:pof:auj; awj;eefeif,uof,bof.? rmifauj.eh. trf,vh; ykdif;yldef;?

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

59

rmifauj. Orf.vlof,vh;ykdif;tdifyldef;? rmifauj.aw.ykdif;tdifyldef;auj; trf,ckdef;Oif. vh;qldof:eh.ej,/ umrfz[, rkefref:vl:aej;/

96. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;96. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;96. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;96. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;96. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J TOj,qof;vlifcofrldof;ugef, ayj:cofawtguf,yefOdef? apj:Twj:ehbdyf:oD: Orf.ayj:Nrf,vyf.wif:wlof/ xkdifymefrldof;vAof ugyf;Oifsv; Orf.bdyf:oD:tgef,ulnf:cj;vj,/ yD;tluf:uSef.(ykif:vlif)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / vgif;tofoD:uif;aO apj:Twj:eh. yAefwj,sp.uif; bj,P; zl;xgrf,Twj: vh;pefzl;apj:Twj:sv; bj,P; zl;apj:Twj: vh;pef zl;xgrf,Twj:eh Ogifvgif;tldof;/ ayj:zl;xgrf,Twj:vh;pefrSef; zl;apj:Twj:qkdif nj:rldof;ref:qof;apj:rkdefOlyf: rkdefymuf,qugj, vgif;trf,pmif;vDzmifimrf:eef. cofqmif;sO.Ogrf:tldof;/ayj:sO.auj; zdwf:rSef; oqD,urf, tukOlof,bof.vl:/ vldofaOeef. qof;apj:Twj:auj;ayj:pefrSef; zl;xgrf,Twj: nj:auj.tefref:rkdwf;uef? pkeguf; pefe[:uefeef. qmif;arjtofq[yldif;tldof;/ ayj:trf,vh;pefbof.aw.vgwf;wmif:zdwf: eif,uefbof.vl:/ bgef.eefsv; tofoD:uif;aOapj:eef. yAeftefOmif,xkuf,bl,/ ulnf:uj; ymefrldof;vAofaw. pAwf:Oifsv; trf,ayj:tgefuefsp.uif;bof.eef.aw. qAifcrf:vSif: wkduf.vAyf;pAef:bl,/

97.97.97.97.97. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-qAifcrf:vSif:cj;-qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- uh.uh.vh;pef rkefqof; rkefqmif:cofrmifyj: cD,vlwf.cldif;ayj:rdlefawrdef? cD,Orf.ayj: c[;zj,wuj,bl,qdlof:eef.aw vh;pefxdkifedlofcofqof; qdlof.pdkofcj;/

crf:(rdlif:bh)

wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:trf,ygif,q[oj; ]cofqof;vlof,eSwf;ej,} ehauj; vlof,ygif,q[oj; cofqof;trf,pkyuf:yldifvlwf.? yuf:yldifwmif:? yuf:yldifwlif,olif:ulef:?trf,eefauj;]cofqof; trf,wgef.bmrf;vh;cD,vlwf.}ehulnf:tldof;/

98. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;98. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;98. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;98. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;98. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- rldof;pSef:Ogrf:yef wj,ulef:OAif;umrf,eef. trf,vDomef:yIdwf; tefoj;eef. bgef.vlnf;vgif;Oifcj;/

qof;qmif:yoIwgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / ayj:omef:yIdwf;eh. bgef.zDtrf,vD

trf,vuf:cof qmif;vh;Okwf.Omh. cmh.zmwf,yefehoj;/ zAwf,? yduf.wj, tefvlof,y[.pyf.Mif:tofukOlof, tefawqSuf,szeef.auj; cof;yj:e[:zDtrf,vDtldof;/ bgef.eef ayj:omef:yIdwf;qkdif ulofcoftrf,qmif;vh;pyf.Mif: zgef:vD ukOlof,sv; trf,vDomef:yIdwf;oj,/

99. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;99. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;99. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;99. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;99. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- wD;ymifulyf.ul;uefeef. wh:pof:rmifwD;auj; vh;pefymif:yj: Oif,cj,qof;cof umyf;Ogrf:aO rmifwD;auj; Orf.trf,ymif:yj:/ vmh:v[Omif,xkuf,cj;/ cSef:awj; Oyf:vSif:seaO urf:cj;/

qmh:xkef:cgif,? rldif:bmif:wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / Omif,xkuf, eif,uefbl,/ ayj:ymif:yj:

qof;Ipmef:Oif,cj,auj; tefruf:ref;yefvgif; ulyf.ul;eef. yj:qof;Oif,cj,? ayj:trf,ymif:auj; trf,yj: qof;Ipmef:Oif,cj,eef.ej,/xSif; vgif;ekdif;auj; teftrf,ymif:yj: qof;Ipmef:Oif,cj,aO pAwf:ymifrif,uvj,ulyf.ul;eef. yAefumefavj:uD,rif,uvj,ulnf:? trf,yj:umef avj:ukwf;wIj,rif,uvj,eef.ej,/


60

100. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;100. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;100. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;100. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;100. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- cof;wSuf,eh. wj,rkefqof;cofauj; trf,cof;wmif:wkdof:aOtrf, uj:Orf.vh;tofcof;ylduf, clof;pAwf:sv; OAif;qgrf:ulnf:/ cj;aw. pefxkdifoj; ref:rldof? ref:vldofulnf:? pAwf:Oifsv; yD;egif.wh:pof: wkduf.tgefuefvl,bl,cj;vj,/ yldef;wmif,cldof:auj; vl,cof;wSuf,eif,wh:bl,cj;p/

qmh:Omif,Oj,? rdlif:vldef:wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / wh:pof: rD:Owf.xj, pSif:b[,ulnf:?

pSif:yh,nj, trf,yh,ayj:b[, tefoj;eef. wlnf:eldof wmif:pAwf:qldof:eef.auj; pkbof./ cof;wSuf,eh. yldef;wmif,cldof: rldefeif, ulef:OD,Nof,cof?xh:cofqldof:eh.aw. trf,vh;pefvl,/ vl,auj;vldofaOtofrmuf,rldof trf,rD:zgef:vDOifsv;trf,vl,yj:auj; vmh:pAwf:umefukOlof, trf,bgrf:Oif eif,uof,/

101. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;101. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;101. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;101. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;101. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- ymefrdlof;vAof uh.vh;idef:OAifomef:yIdwf; Oif,cj,urf;zgif; trf,rD:wD;udkwf: wD;bif.OifaO oj;ugj,vlwf;"cj;atj;/vgif;eef. ref:imrf,rSef;qgrf: vmh:vgwf;yj,vdbl,cj;p/ xSif;vgif;ekdif; Oifoj; vgwf;zwf:urf,roj,qj, wj,umef urf,rj,urf,rqdlof:eef.auj; awvh;vgwf;oj;vlwf;"eif,eefcj;p/

qof;qmh:vdlef (rdlif:Ol;)wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ / bldif;yldef;blof.aej;/ ulnf:uj; qlof;

bldif;yldef; trf,yh,wef:rldefeef. yldifuof,pof:Orf.tofyldif;ugj,eef.auj; vDbkyf:oh.eif,uof,tldof;/ wD;sw.ref: vgif;omef:yIdwf;eh. rldof;oh;Tzj:sv; rldof;vgwf;apj:yefwuj,cofeh rD:oh.bl,Ogifvgif;vl:aej;/ Oifoj; tofvmh:r[, (tefbldif;yldef;)eef. vgwf;yef wuj,cofauj; vmh:

uof,eef. vlof,tofvgwf; rldof;oh;Tzj:? trf, eefayj:tofvmh:r[,eef. vgwf;rldof;oh;Tzj: auj;vlof,tofvmh:uof,eef. vgwf;yefwuj, coftldof;/ayj:vldrf,vhugj,vhg:vhg:pAwf:eefaw. vmh:uof,auj; awtrf,pm haO vmh:r[,tefOif,cj,urf;zgif; c[;yAefbl,eef.auj; qif,yAefrj:tldof;/eh.qkdif vmh:r[,auj; trf,wef:arj vmh:uof, auj;Orf.trf,yAefehaw. omh:vkdef:rj: ulofrldef ujc[;pmif;vD rldefeluf.bkif:sv; tofclefeluf. bkif:eAyf:qgrf:wlofref:eef.tldof;/ ayj:yAefeefaw. awugj,ql:eluf.bkif:cofauj; eluf.bkif:cof Orf.oj; ]]trf,q[;cdlof:cof}}? awNefvif rj:ql:ujckdef:auj; ujcofOrf.oj; ]]trf,rldefcof}}ehaO yAefeluf.umifvmhugj,eef.tldof;/

vmh:vgwf;urf,roj,qj,aw. cofqof; awOkdyf,olef.eif,pkdof trf,pk/ trf,yh,wgef.bmrf;idef:qof;yj:v[olef.oj; awvSuf;vmh;eif,uof,/ wD;sw.ref: vmh:oj; OAifyj,vd tguf,Olyf:eh. zldof,aO pjbldif;yldef; rldif:eef. rldif:eh.bl,eef.wqkuf:befeldof yldifvgwf;yj,vd P;ref:zAef;"aO vgwf;ugj,uj;emef.ekdif;auj; pefxkdifoj;ukrf,xlef;bof./

wj,oj; OAifyj,vdtguf,Olyf:eh. uj;wD;e[: OD,vuf.cef,x twf.xuxj,eef. seoh. vmh:oh.OAif Odyf:yldif oj;-Od$dv> Xedwnfq WDCIOfO>?UIku> vpkunfaqo edUfUpDw>/OrfYefXoowfxdw> odrkwfw>?WOXj YBnfQeYkWfXdbj yaZaWj=1. OAiftlef;? (wlofOAiftlef;=Odxdv)?

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

61

2. OAifcSif? (wlofOAifcSif=Xedw)?3. OAifbmof:? (wlofOAifbmof:=WDC)?4. OAifygwf:? (wlofOAifygwf:=IOfO)?5. OAifeuf:? (wlofOAifeuf:=UIk)?6. OAifrof? (wlofOAifrof=vpk)?7. OAifqrf;eldof;? (=edUfUpdw)?8. OAifqyf:? (=OrfYefX)?9. OAifcmwf,? (=oowfxdw)

10. OAifyhg,(=odrkwfw)-ehtldof;/ Odyf:yldifqldof:eh. zmh,yj,vd Mif.oj;]]YBnfQYkWfXd=vgif;pkygif,qgrf:wlofvduf;}}ehoj,/ vduf;wlofv[ tguf,OAifeif,pkdof? acj;vduf;tefv[ awvh;vltguf,OAifeif,pkdof ehrAof:eef.tldof;/

e[:Odyf:yldifqldof:eef. sw,rmhekdif; awj,rmhqAwf: yAefvmh:oh.OAif wj,wlofvduf; wlofv[wlofeef.tldof;/ vgif;eef.aw. ayj:bmrf;vAyf;pAef: vduf;yj,vdauj; bgef.ref:cof;yj:e[:yldifOwf.wj,bof.sv; qmif;arjpkygif,bof./ ulnf:uj; rmh(8-9-10)eef.aw. Orf.yAef vmh:oh.OAifwj,acj;vduf; teftofvduf; wlofekdif;sv;wlofekdif; wSrf;uyf:uefoh.eef.tldof;/ vgif;eef.aw. bgef.acj;wSyf:wwf:ref: trf,yj:e[:Owf.wj,sv; ayj:TOj,trf,arjOif,Ogefyefacj"qkdif wkdef:qmif;arjyldif;tldof;/ eif,pdofawarjvgwf;tguf,OAifyj,vdzAef;aO rD:yldifOkef,wlofeef. cwf:q[sv;e/

102. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;102. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;102. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;102. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;102. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;- e[:cmof:wmif: clyf,zomif;yDrj:eh. uh.vh;idef:cmof, yD;egif.wh: tkyf,ukrfuef vgif;vduf;vmh:aOtrf,uj: cSyf:qD,wD;iof: tefxh,serj: vgif;tkyf,ukrfuefeef.

auj; vh;pefrSef;bl,/ vh;idef:e[:cmof, vh;pefe[:clnf, tefukrf,uefqldof:eef.aO vgif;vDpmef.q[auj; pefyj:? vgif;trf,ayj:xkuf,q[ rldefeif,teftofozSwf:Ogifwlof(ozSwf:qgrf:zguf,)qugj,eef.auj; vh;pefyj:atj;/ vgif;eef.iof;ikef:rkuf.qkrf: vlifOif,cj,qkdif;wh: Orf.oh.umifq[ eif,pdkofcj;/ pof:cj;aw. uyf:umh,vlnf;vgif;vduf;vmh:eh. omif:Nof ykdiftdif Oif,cj,qof;cj;bof./ vgif;eh. ykdif; qAifcrf:vSif:pof: oguf,vmwf;se umifq[ iof;ikef:Oif,cj,qkdif;wh: eldofumefvduf;vmh:aOurf:cj;/

vkif:vmh:O[,wh:wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,wgyf,/ /vgif;vduf;vmh:wh:eh. qkrf:ulef:rldif:

tefwlif.ekdifvlnf; umefvduf;wh:eef. wkuf:bgef: wrf;vlifygifqkdifoj;]]P;vh;tofvduf;wh:ylifOgefe[:Nif:pAef:}}ehoj,/ vgif;eef. Oif,cj,qkdif;wh: trf,rD:acj;cwf:cGmifOif? urf.xSrfpefvDbl,/ vgif;oj; awtof wmif:pkerf wmif:pefuGmif; rAof:eef. rAof:eh.aO ylifOgefyefvkuf;pAef: tefoj;qldof:eef.auj; pefvDbl,?ulnf:uj; bj,P;ref:yAef vgif; tefOmefcwf:zj,Oj,? qldof.cldof:sv; omef;rldif:? vldofaOeef.e[:Mif;umef teftofvduf;wh: ylifOgef e[:Nif:pAef:eef.aw. Oif,cj,qkdif;wh: awtrf,cof;yj:aO Oif,cj,qkdif;wh:aw. awqkuf:befeldofOAef;wmif:yIdbmwf;sv; umefzdif;si;ykwf.xaO pAwf:Omif;umefOj,Oej,ugj, eif,yuf:uof,yldifuof, tefbmrf;pAwf:rj:? vgif;q[.wkdof:wlofvduf;wh: tefwSrf;rmhwj,uGmrf:wh:eef.auj; awq[.wkdof: sr;vgrf; 18 wlof? sr;zSwf: 8 wlof(uf-if-nf-wf-ef-yf-rf-of)sv; wlef:OAif 5


62

OAifaO wSrf;rmhugj,? q[.wkdof: wlofvduf; rguf;uj;emh.ekdif;auj; ukrf,wj,uGmrf:wh: vDbl,? uGmrf:wh:trf,vh;Nif;pmhbgef. q[.wkdof: sr;vgif;-18 wlof?sr;zSwf: 8 wlofsv; wlef:OAif 5 OAifeef.rj:vj:vj:? vgif;wlef:OAifNuf:eef. Oifoj;aOauj." q[.wkdof:rj:auj; Ogef, rldefwlef:OAif

Omrf? OAifbuf:qrf;aO vlugj, wlnf:ugj,? vgif;q[. wkdof:wlofzSwf:vldofrj:eef. Oif,cj,qkdif;wh: trf,bgrf:pyf.? Oif,cj,qkdif;wh:aw. bgef.yAefqkrf:Oif,cj,sv; wkdef:aw qkuf:befeldofOAef;wmif:yIdbwf.wdaO Okdyf,pAwf:Omif;umefzj,Oj, vduf;vmh:ugj,-ehoj,/

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

63

rldof;vAof e[:rldif:wh:ul;wD;" cmof:zgif:Nif:pAef:vlifygifqkdif; pyf:tkdwf:oh.eef. vh;pefqof;Omif,? qof;Ipmef:cof tgefuefugj,ykdwf,ymifOgefvduf;wh:cmof:rh;sv; zdif;si;ykwf.xOrf.ayj:c[;qgwf,ugj, ul;wD;? ul;omef;? ul;oAif:bof./

bgef.eef wD;eh;awc[;tof acj;uGmrf:atj:oj,w qof;TOj,njEkwfwI? uRif:Olnf,zkif,Oj,? e[:egifpmh:bj; tefqof;TOj, wD,awj: wSrf;oh.vduf;Mrfwgrfzmh,rmef; ]Oj,OewSuf.ygh:}eef.aO ydef,wSrf;seugj,bof./

qldof:yAeftj,uefwkqof;cSuf,cofqrf.-]]qof;TOj,vlifpof:cj; vkuf.imh; eif;imh; bl,

vDbl,cj;aej;}}eh rldof;oh;vof;vmwf; ugj,eif,eefeef. qof;TOj,vlif uRif:Olnf,zkif,Oj,Orf.oj;-

]]tkdof:J rldof;eh. yAeftefvkuf.imh; eif;imh;

bl,vDbl, oj;ehaOw? rldof;vAoftj,bkrD:(79)?Oduf.cj,rD: (55) oj,bof.sv; rdlefeif,oj; oef:ekdif;yAefcrf:? oef:ekdif;yAefikdef: tefoj;eef.bof;? tj,bkrguf;wmef,eh.bof. sv;wmif:yAefaIj:uj,vlifeh. xmif,sw. cef,xj,awtrf,sy.ref:bof./ uj;awvh; yefcef,xj, umef.Okrf:aIj:uj,bof.blof. qof;cofoj;}}

]]qof;TOj,vlifpof:cj;J trf,yAefuj;eef.eif,uof,cj;blof.? wlnf:qof;TOj,pof:cj; eldof.eif wkduf.vD ej;qkdef; wjymif, xmif,aw trf,yAefOifvh;imh;"eif,uof,cj;}}

]]ayj:bl,vDrj:auj; vDbl,? ayj:trf,bl,vDaO vgef,(wmh)ugj,auj; tj,bkb[,wmef,eh.sw. trf,rD:wD;aOvmhref:Oifbof./ oh.oj;yAef OYfaY Owfwj urfrOuj ehulnf:vj;?tldof:J qof;qmif:qef,wdrj,vl: ref:ugj,pAwf:Oifvj, wD;tdef:bgj,(omef;egif)}}

ygh:wdkuf:Oj,Oej,

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

qof;eef,wdb (ymifvlif)


64

]]umefref:sw. vh;pkoj; ugj,vgif; ymifOgefvduf;zdif;si;ykwf.xehatj;/ rldof;yDumhsw.vh;Ogef ugj,uSyf;"ulnf:sv; yDeh. tmef:awOgef P;uGmif;"cGmif"ehaO ugj,pmif;pSef: vlif;ej;oh. ehcj;atj;}}

]]tldof;J awvh;vmwf;seOlqof;ugef,}}]]atj;J vmwf;secj;sv;}}]]zdif;si;ehej, oh.yAefoj;zdif;si;ykwf.x

aOsv;}}]]atj;wD;cj;}}]]pAwf:P;zdif;si;ykwf.x sz;wldef:eh.

auj; rldefuefwif:pAwf:P;Oj,Oej, sz;wldef:sv; vDNrfqlrf:sw."bl,/ Orf.xSif; tefqof;Omif, qof;qmif:cof yAefcl:aOugj,Ogefyefeef. rldefuefwif:cof;ygh:wkduf:oj,wbof./ cl:Ogefcofqof;wif:OAif; rldefwif:Okduf:pmefcofbof./ Okduf:pmefsw.cofeef. bdyf:ugif;vmuf;emuf;pSrfulef:/ Okduf:pmef cl:Ogefcof Orf.bdyf:urfvmuf;emuf;oj,w? vkuf;pAef:cofqrf. rldefwif:zl;cAefzmh,ykef.? Nif:pAef:ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xqrf. rldefwif:ej;vdefymifwkduf:Okduf:eef.bof.}}

]]ulef:wkduf:Okduf:tefoj;eh. awtrf,vh;eyf.Ogef,oj; qof;uof,sy.bl,wj,aO,? zmh,qof;uof,awOkrf:eef.auj; vlof,eyf.Ogef,oh.tldof;/ ej;vdefOkduf: ymifwkduf:tefeh. wlnf:zmh,zl;cAef tefqof;uof,vh;wkduf:eef.ugef,sv; zl;qmh:tgef,auj;yj:? emif:bdif:tgef,auj;yj:? emif:bdif:tefwkduf.yAefOmofauj;yj:trf,q[;se,}}

]]ayj:rj:wlnf: tefyAefOkduf:zmh,zl;cAef

eef. yAefemif:bdif:tgef,ulnf: wlnf:cofauj;tlef;"tgef,"oh. xmif,eif,ehaOw? wD;sw.yAefOkduf:pmef tefpSif:b[,sw."eef.bof.e[:qj,wueef.apj:oh.oj; ]Yvefwd Yvrdwfxdabj}ehtrf,q[;se,}}

]]e[:Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof;eh. wj,awvh; auj.rD:Owf.xj,? ynf,nj,? auj.pmefOj,Oej,rldef,eif,qof;cofeh. ref:trf,imh;"}}

]]e[:Oj,Oej,eh. qof;Ipmef:auj; rD:bl,wif:erfbof./ ulnf:uj;Jauj.tefrD:erf.uwf.rldefeif,qof;cofeh. ref:rD:st,ej,? rldefeif,oj; ]rkefqof;vlifOrf.vgef, qof;Omif,?qof; qmif:tgef,Orf.xGmuf;}eheef.bof.?olef. wlnf:aO euf:q[qgrf: tefOlqof; awugj, wluf:Okrf:e[:ymifygh:wkduf:eef.tldof;}}ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf

umifoef:? vldef tefrD:bl,wD;eldofumifpmofqldof:eef. Oifoj;cofbl,pif:cofaO NdofvSif:bl,qkdif yAeftefpmif;vD cSrf.vSyf;sw."bof./ ulnf:uj; ayj:oj;ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rj:Okrf,sp.oh.qkdiftrf,xkdifpmif;vDcSrf.vSyf;vh;bof.eh (e[:tifukwfwI yj,vd yyf. 1? ej;-362)eef. Tzj:yAef qof;apj:oh.oj; ]ugef:zh:? cD;zj.? erf.emh:?Ij,pk tOl,Idef,}ehbof./

e[:ch: uof,Oof;oof:vrfOD,rAof:qldof:eef.ayj:vh;cmrf, wif:aOtef" Nrf,vyf.oh.qkdifxkdifyAefumifoef:? vldefauj; trf,pmif;vDcSrf.vSyf;vh;bof./ umifoef:? vldefulnf: rD:ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrftrf,q[;? Ipmef:pof:cj;auj; rD:ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf Nrf,vyf.oh.bof./ ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfIpmef:pof:cj;eef. rD:OD,yldifbof./

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65

ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(1)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(1)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(1)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(1)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(1)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf qof;Ipmef:cof rmhekdif;

qrf.- yAefvof;? yD,bj,? bj;zlduf,? bj;vrf?bj;r? bj;rof:urful;rAof:"bof./ Oifoj; yAefIpmef:aO udefvof;? yD,bj,? Ol,bj;zlduf,? bj;vrf? bj;r? ruf.bj;rof:urfqkdif xkdifyAefulef:arjyh,nj,erfuj;pkdof? rD:yD;egif.? wuj,erfuj;pkdofauj; qof;Ipmef: rkefqof; tefudefvof;?Ol,bj;? vAef;bj;rof:urfeef. trf,bl,vh;e[:Oj,Oej,pkdif"? trf,vguf:vmh:ekdif;auj; vguf:vmh:ekdif; pkuj;awvh;vl.vSofbof./ yduf.Orf.trf,vl.trf,vSof bl,vh;e[:Oj,Oej,aOwwkdef:trf,pmif;vD cSrf.vSyf;vh;? pkuj;awvh; uof,Oof;oof:vrfaO bl,Oof:ugj,ulnf:bof./

ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(2)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(2)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(2)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(2)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrf rmh(2)qof;Ipmef:cofeh. yAefqof;Ipmef: tef

wkdof:urf wmif:wkdof:urfvDrBmwf;bl,bof./ wD;e[:q[qof;Ipmef:cofeef. ayj;oj; ar,xkif,tgef,qAwf:yldifeh. bl,Oof:bl,aOyldif"auj; pkawj;erf.uwf.qof;Ipmef:eef. pSif:vAuf.rj:bof./bgef.eef vgif;ar,xkif,tgef, qAwf:yldifeh.auj; yAefch:uof,Oof;oof:vrftefekdif;bof./

ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfrmh(3)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfrmh(3)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfrmh(3)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfrmh(3)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfrmh(3)ch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfrmh(3)qrf. yAefvgif;

bdyf:urfikdef:crf:bof./ ikdef:crf:tefoj;eh.yAeftefq[.wkdof:pAwf:vh;vgif;vD? vgif;pmh.wif:Ogifzmh,bof./ yAefxlifvlif]OYfYtdqf!dw}bof./ ulnf:uj; ayj:rD:ikdef:eh zmh,tefrD:q[vDeef. st,aO? zmh,tefrD:q[pmh.sw. qmif;

arjerfrj:bof./rldof;ugef,ylef.rj: wD;omef;eguf;wD;ekdif;

eef. rD:emif:awj:pkuf,qkdof;Mif.]Oj,rj,}ehbof./ tmh;Oof:emof:cof tgefuefoj; ref:eh.q[vDej,? tmh;Oof:emof:cofbof.bguf,oj;wD;ref:eif,pkdofauj; bldef.uef;aO arjbkrf.awj,ulnf:? trf,wgef.ygif.vj,ckdef:aOyguf; ehbof./

xkdifoef:ekdif;rj: tmh;Oof:emof:cof qif,tgefuef xAifvmwf;vgif;ref:emif: bldef.uef;vh;? trf,arjygif.vj,z[bof./ qif,rD:zl;qmh: Oof:emof:auj.ekdif; qif,vmwf;tguf,oj;ref: trf,rD:ikdef:crf:sv; ref:vDulnf:? auj.ekdif; Orf.oj; wlef;q[ref:wkdef:vDulnf:ehzl;qmh:Ogifauj. xAifuefsv; cofqif,q[.zl;qmh: teftgefNofcofeef. qgyf,wlnf:bof./

zl;qmh:teftgefNofcofeef. qif,tofcrf:qgh.ekdif; ugj,zifvdef wD;ref:awj:pkuf,aO tofwdefref:bAyf,O[, bj,P;ref:pkbof./emif:Oj,rj,eh. ayj:oj;vh;tofwdefref: wrf:O[, eldofcrf:bof.auj; trf,rldefuof,bof. ej;ref:auj; rD:Omhiof:rj,erj:bof./ ayj:ugj,bof.ref:auj; trf,ulrf;NofaOcmrf, rldefrldof;ul;yguf;bof./ wgyf,xAifckdef:? arjzdwf:yldef;ckdef:bof./xkdifoj; rldof;ugj,toftguf,crf:eef.ckdef:bof.qif,rldef uof,rldof;ul;yguf;ckdef:ehbof./

ikdef:crf:tefoj;eh. rldefehbof. ref:qmif;Olef:q[ulef:pof:bof./ bgef.eef ikdef:crf:eh. yAefch:uof,Oof;oof:vrfIpmef:bof./

qof;eefwdb (ymifvlif)qof;eefwdb (ymifvlif)qof;eefwdb (ymifvlif)qof;eefwdb (ymifvlif)qof;eefwdb (ymifvlif)


66

e[:uj;ul;oef:"eh. ulef:pof:bl,Oof:qgrf:uj,bumrf,-tofwlofpAwf:? oQD,umrf,-tofOlyf:vmwf;? raej:umrf,-tofq[olef. qdlof:eh.aOvgif;vDtduf,vgif;qj. pof:wkdef:ygifOmif;yefbl,ul;oef:"bof./ e[:uj;umrf,vlifOmrfyj:eh. pAwf:vDauj;bof. pAwf:qj.auj;bof. vgif;wmif: tefpof:vh;pAwf:Omif;uGj,eef. umrf,qldof:eef.ref:awrldefeif,auj.iof:pof:aOsv; qyf:qgrf:Mrf:pof:bl,wj,aO, wj,ymefeef.bof./

ugyf;ydlof;eefsv; Tzj:yAefqof;oj; ]]Ipmef:coftlnf: e[:uj; emrf,cef,xj,OD,yj:eef. q[eh. tgefNofyldef;wif:OAif;bof./ q[eh. yAefyldif vlifxdOkwf:bof./ OSefydlifrD:wD;q[bof./ Oifoj; arjoh.q[zdluf,qkdef;cmofO[aOvgif;vmwf;? vgif;olef.? vgif;pAwf:eef. yAefvgif;vD ayj:ehqdkif vgif;ckdef;b[,tefoj;eef.auj; wdkef:qyf:qgrf: Mrf:yhpof:bl,wj,aO, rldefeif,auj.iof:bof;}} ehbof./

Oifoj; oh.q[uof,Oof;oof:vrfaO vgif;vmwf;? vgif;olef.? vgif;pAwf:Omif;qdlof:eh. yAefvgif;trf,vDayj:ehqdkif umrf,teftrf,vDeef.

auj; awrj:qgrf:vifpof: rdlefeif, rmuf,avj.qgrf:vifMh:wdefolof:eef.aO oef:ekdif;rj:qof;uof,awvh;xlyf:nj:wmif:wkuf.c? vgif;bmyf,zkdwf,trf,umwf;bof./

ulef:pof:ul;auj.eh. aw,tofrdlof;uldwf, awj,xdkif rdlof;whm ukOlof,wif:tukOlof,eh. wkdef:vh;ygifOmif;pAwf:rSef;bl,aOtef"eef.bof./aw,rdlof;uldwf,rj:eef. umrf,tefpof:pAwf:oh.rj:qmwf;ugef, qldof:yAefumefvD umefphm. (umrf,vD?umrf,phm.)qdlof:eef. ref:Orf.ayj:rj:qgrf:pof:urf:vAofbl,bof./ rdlof;pj:uldwf,rj: idkef:crf: clof:cgifpj: trf,yj:rj:aOtef/ zgif:rdlof;whmuGj,auj;vlwf.uj:axj; yldef;awj;trf,yefOif/ tefawqyf:qgrf:Mrf:pof:uGj,eef. yAefukOlof, tukOlof,Ogifydlifeh.ulnf:bof./

ugyf;ydlof;eefsv; ulef:pof:ul;auj. zgef:vDzgef:phm.umrf,tefoj;eef. wdkef:seoh.qSif;"vSif:"bl,bof./ e[:avj:ueh. trf,oj;ulef:?trf,oj;zD ayj:rD:umrf,vDugef, qif,rD:tkuf.qj,clof:cgifvdlif,rmuf;bof./ ayj:rD:umrf,vDugef, qif,rD:clof:cgifqmrf,ylnf;bof./ ayj:rD:umrf,vDugef,

cwf:q[P;umrf,vD

qof;odqufcE (OD,ayj.)

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67

qif,rD:yD;egif.vDbof./ tdifydkif;vlnf; vgif;umrf,qdlof:eh.aO qArfulef: qArfzD ref:wdkef:rD:oh.qef.xmef;umrf,bl, ul;auj.z[ref:/

eif,pkdofayj:awN.vh; zgef:vD? zgef:phm.umrf,vD"eef. Tzj:yAefqof; apj:oh.eif,eh-

-ayj:tofOmhq[ydlef;whm? tj,bkOhmq[ygwf:/ayj:trf,tofOmhq[ydlef;whm tj,bkOhmq[bmof:/

-ayj:rdyf,idef: eduf;qmuf;yldef;erf? aIj:uj,wmif:yAef rj:crfoh.e[:wlofqof;uof,/ ayj:arjoh.q[rAwf.wj,? wlofwif:q[ vh;Oj,bj,ul;rdlof;/

-ayj:rD:q[awj:O wdkef:pmif;qj.ul;qmwf;?ayj:rD:q[qdkef;ymif, ej;wjO[uD;OGmif, pmif;vDvof:/

-ayj:rD:q[ygif. q[vj,erf? ydlef;trf,c[;rj:qrfwlofpof:/ ayj:trf,rD:q[ygif. q[vj, yldef;rkdwf;Olifej, atj:qj,auj;wArfxlef;/

-ayj:wj,e wmif:vl,erf tluf.qj,clof:cgifbrfvdlif,cgef;/ ayj:wj,e at,rmif clof:cgifqmifwkuf.bmuf;/

-ayj:rD:rmef,rj,e? qmif;wluf:q wrf,abj;/ ayj:trf,rD:rj,e vh;zorBmwf;wgef:/

-ayj:bl,pmif,uh zl;rD:ynf,nj,? wmif:wkuf.cvgrf.Myf;ej,wArfwlof/ ayj:arjbl,qgrf:zl;rD:ynf,nj, pof:auj; wuf:rD:ynf,nj, yhm:olef.vD/

ugyf;eefsv; zl;v[z[aOtrf,oj; ayj:c[;P;umrf,pof:vDqdkif vlof,vh;cwf:q[idlif.so;vh;wkqIdluf; (10) ydlifuGj, pif:z[, pif:ref:bl,bof./rdlefqdlif.eif, auj.iof:pof: trf,zmwf,uhwlofpof:eef.sv; umrf,vD umrf,phm. tefoj;eef.auj; awj;rldefeef? ugyf;eh cSef:awj; P;arjbl,Oof: cwf:q[P;umrf,pof:vD uefuGj,aOurf:/

qof;odquf.cE (OD,ayj.)

zl;bdif:auj.ed kif;zl;bdif:auj.ed kif;zl;bdif:auj.ed kif;zl;bdif:auj.ed kif;zl;bdif:auj.ed kif;1. rldof;pof:wgif.rh;eef. ref:yAefauj.vAif.vlP;tdrf,wArf?2. rldof;pof:Mif.ph;eef. reff:yefwmif:tkef,q[P;wAwf,bAef?3. rldof;pof:zdwf:eef. ref:yAefauj.tofcmyf; cGmif:yefwj,aO,?4. pof:phm.xkdifwmef,v[aOauj; ref:yAefauj.trf,zj;omif:ySwf;pof:vh;?5. pof:auj.b[, rD:wmif:N.erfwmef,v[auj; yAefvkuf;tgef, tefvDpuf. wD;e[:wjref:

wj,aO?6. rldof;pof:q[vAuf.? wluf:Okrf:? xlyf:wmif:bmyf,eef. ref:eif;pdrf:cmif;aO yefpSif:q[wj,

aO,J ulef:e[:vluf;eh. tefvDtofukif,tofrkef trfvDvkdrf:ukif,rkefcofeef.rD:]]zl;bdif:auj.vAofzl;bdif:auj.vAofzl;bdif:auj.vAofzl;bdif:auj.vAofzl;bdif:auj.vAof}} tefMif.oj;]]sr;}}eheef.ulnf:/arjOgef_rguf,ugefr[, (rldif:ehm:)/


68

1. ulef:Ogrf;rguf,eef. pefxdkifwmif:pmif;vD rguf,wif:OlefaOOgrf;bof.?ulef:ydwf:rguf,eef. pefxdkifwmif:pmefvD rguf,vlifvAofaOydwf:bof./

2. tefqof;uof, vh;zdwf:ydlif;yguf;edkif;eef. trf,q[;P;qof;uof,vmyf,aObgrf:umef.?yAefykef;wj, P;qof;uof, cwf:q[vdlofaOeef.tdlof;/

3. uGmrf:tefydlef; xmif,vAuf.qof;uof,eef. yAefpSif:q[vlifqof;uof,eh bj,ayvdkrf:olef./4. ulef:auj.tefruf.rmuf,zdwf.eef. ref:bif:oj;rmuf,zdwf.zAwf:bl,/5. yAefulef:rj:edkif;qmwf; qlof;yh,wmheh. eif,pdkofayj:awyAef rguf,Nif;auj;tmhMrfwSrf;ydkef:

eef. tofMh:wdefpmif;vDaO bAyf,edlofeifvdef udkuf:ydkef: wj,qdlof.wj,cdlof:oh.sv;/6. vdeftdkefulef: trf,rlwf:OAif;vh; ulef:tdkefulef: qmif;rlwf:OAif;tdlof;eh wj,auj.yAef

wh:vDygif,q[oh.aw.aw./7. ulef:pmif;v Dtefoj;eef. trf,rD:e[:vluf; rD:ulef: tefxkuf,wjulnf:/8. ykef;wj,nmef,awvDeef. ydlifvlifref: vlof,rD:pSif:q[uSef,cSif tefoj;eef.ulnf:/9. auj.tefuBj.vdlofpof:eef. trf,xkuf,vDvh;ulof? xkuf,vh;pwf:pmef rdlefref:tdlof;/10. idlof;tefoj;eh. yAefedrdwf; vgif;Okrf:oj;ehbof./11. egif,wTwj:eh. ref:uyf:umh,uef wif:ulef:nmrf.cknf;ulnf:/12. ayj:trf,rD:vgif;bmyf,qdkif wdkef:trf,rD:ydkef: vgif;tgif,rmefvh;/13. zlefcmef.tefoj;eef. qmif;pAwf:P; tefrkif:ej;umefpof: bguf:zif.ehbof./14. wj,ulef:arjq[.eh. cmof:bmrf:eef. yAefIwej,yj:edkif;tdlof;/15. qof;uof,eef. pkquf:ulef:oh.sv;? eif,pdkofawyAef ulef:qSwf;wmif,eef. cwf:q[sv;/16. sr;eh.trf,oj;wD;v[ wSef:wmif:vh;ul;wD;aO wD;bl,sr;eef.Orf. z[aOtrf,oj;

trf,wSef:wmifvh;/17. vdleftefoj;eef. wD;clif;wD;bmef: wD;wl,wD;rAef wD;MrfwD;Nnf:auj;bof. ref:tof

OmhNdof;vSif:uwf:bAefref: xgif,yefvh;OAif;rlwf:bof.? arjOgeftefoj;eef.auj; awvh;rdlefeif,vdlefehoj,/

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

69

18. ulef:auj.tefymh:pk yh,wArfxlef;eef. ref:arjpefwmif:zdwf:ydlef;ulnf:? ulef:auj.tefymh:pkrD:edkif;cdkif;eef.Orf. ref:arjpefwmif:zdwf: qof;uof,cdkef:ulnf:? ulef:auj.tefwmif:pkwArfxlef;bof.eef.sw. ref:trf,pefwmif:zdwf:z[bof./

19. vgif;ygh,omif:yefeef. yAefauj.qmh:qSwf;qmif,vdlofaO vgif;yefwmrf,wmif:zdwf:bof./20. ulef:auj.teftguf,awj:Obl,eef. ayj:pof:Orf.cdkef:tguf,awj:O Ogef.O[,ref:eh

pof:eef.uSuf:vdlofaO auj.teftguf,awj:Otgefwmif:eef.ugef,bof./21. awj:Otefoj;eef. yAefvlrf:bgif,qlof;uSyf.bof./22. ayj:tguf,awj:Oeh wmif:zdwf:ulef:wmif,auj.eef. qmif;tofpAwf:wmif:zdwf:pof:cdkef:

ehbof./23. awj:Oeef. yAefq[tukOlof,tefedkif;bof./24. rAwf.wj,tefoj;eef. rdlefzOgifclrf:bof.? zl;v[z[ rj:pAwf:pmh.zeef.auj; zl;eef.

ulnf: awwdlof.awomwf,pif:ref:/25. rAwf.wj,eef. arjvmwf;uGmrf:tdlof;? uGmrf:rAwf.wj,eef. ulef:Neluf,wjwefcofauj;

qmif;pef qmif;bdef:vh;ugef,tdlof;/26. e[:avj:ueh. trf,rD:ayj;sr;auj;xlnf;q[vh;bl,? trf,rD:tefudeftefekif;? wD;bl,

wef:Oof:auj; xlnf;q[vh;bl,? ayj:trf,rD:rAwf.wj,sw. trf,qmif;rD:tOmuf;bl,vh;/27. zh:avj:z? zh:awj:O? zh:arj:p? zh:yAofurf,iImh:qdlof:eh. tefawNwf:P;bAefvh;

eef. rD:erf.q[rAwf.wj, zj,oej,ulnf:bof./28. vgif;zdwf;ydlif;tefoj;eef. wif:ulef:auj.tefarj:p trf,bmefcdif:ref:eef. pAwf:

auj.uefoh.ehtdlof;/29. ayj:wmif,auj.zdwf:eh eif,pdkofawvDeef. pof:awvh;sr:pmif;yeftdlof;? ayj:pof:zdwf:

eh wmif,auj.rj:sr;pmif;yefeef. awvh;pyf.wkif:toftdlof;/30. ulef:auj.tefsr:pmif; wmif:zdwf:yefpof:eef. Mif.TOj,sv;/31. qdlof.zef:wlef;Okc tefyAefwkuf.ceef. pwf:pwf:pmefpmefaO pyf.wkif:tofsv;?

qdlof.zef:wlef;wkuf.c tefyAefOkceef. pwf:pwf:pmefpmefaO so;bmefsv;/32. cmof:bmrf:tefoj;eef. wj,zor[: yAefidkef:crf:vliftdlof;? idkef:crf:eef. rD:wD;r[:bof.?

awvh;q[.qmh,qdlif.pdkofauj; r[:ulnf:rD:Okef,wSyf:wwf:cyf.Omif;vh;/ ulnf:uj; ulef:wmif,auj.Orf. rj:wSef:wmifr[:aO q[.qmh,ySwf;eef.tdlof; vDzmif.aw.aw.eef./

33. rAwf.wj,eef. rdleferf.? awj:Oeef.rdlefzh: erf.erferf.ay.zh:tdlof;/34. ayj:qof;uof, c[;uwf:bAefeh oh.q[rAwf.wj, P;ydlef;uwf:bAefeef.vh;aOugef, qof;uof,

qif,qmif;vh; uwf:bAefeef. rj:Odkof;ej;wef:wjtdlof;/


70

35. clof:cgifsv; tif,uj,wdefrdkof:aOteftefeef. ayj:xlyf:az:eh tif,uj,wdefrdkof:bj,yefwdlof. yefOkrf:clof:cgifsv;/

36. tif,uj,wdefrdkof:sv; tOmuf;aOteftefeef. ayj:xlyf:az:eh? tOmuf;bj,yefwdlof.? yefOkrf:tif,wdefrdkof:sv;/

37. tOmuf;sv; OdefOD,v aOteftefeef. ayj:xlyf:az:eh OdefOD,veef.bj,yefwdlof.? yefOkrf:tOmuf;sv;/

uAyf:Mrf-tj,bk(rdlif:yl:tgef,)

(11111) wmif:ch;q[ tefayj;sr; rD:edlofvkuf;vmif:eh. urf;yj;erf vkuf;vmif:coftrf,pAwf:yefqgrf:vh;? tefvkuf;vmif:cof pAwf:yefvh;eef.sw. uh.sv,yAef]]wmif:rh;q[}}ulnf:/

(22222) ulef:pof:rmifqdlof:eh. ayj:xlyf:zj,nj:vgif;wkuf.cbmyf,q[rj:ehqdkif qmif;arjcmef.rj:aO qmif;arjq[wluf:sv; c[;bgrf:umef.rj:vhg:"bof./

(33333) zdlof,awpj vgif;ydlef;trf,vD rAof:eef.rAof:eh.bl,ehqdkif wj.pjwlnf:cdkef: vgif;tefqof;uof,vDeef.]]rD:Oifvmhvmh}}/

(44444) tlnf:auj.J zl;cAefuhwlofpof:eef. bj,eSwf;ulof? blofulef:qdlof:pdrf:cmif;pof: qmif;yAef auj.y[.tofOmhq[pof:bl, tefoj;eef.qgif,bmrf;olef.rSef;pj.J`

(55555) vgif;vh;ej;vAuf.(3)ydlif(1)ugyf;trf,rD:ayj;sr;bof. ydlifedkif;(2)ugyf;trf,rD:ynj, ydlifedkif;(3)ugyf;trf,rD: clof:cgifidkef:crf:ydlifedkif;e[:Omrfydlifeh. Oifvkwf;pmrf:aOydlifydlifqdkifqmif;vh;ej;vAuf. wjegh. su;umifydlef;aw.bof./

(66666) vgif;wlnf:J1ayj:qof;uof,trf,wlnf:ref:? ref: Orf.awwlnf:qof;uof,? ayj:ref:trf,wlnf:qof;uof,? qof;uof,Orf.awwlnf:ref:bof.eh.yAef zdif;xkif:ref:ulnf:/

(77777) vgif;wlnf:J2Oifqof;uof, c[;P;ref:wlnf:qof;uof,qdkifbj,aywlnf:ref:aObl,oh.sv;? qdlif.eif,qof;uof,pwf:wlnf:ref:eef. ref:awwlnf:rj:cdkef:bl,trf,pmif./

vgef.wd kef:vD(ymifvlif)vgef.wd kef:vD(ymifvlif)vgef.wd kef:vD(ymifvlif)vgef.wd kef:vD(ymifvlif)vgef.wd kef:vD(ymifvlif)

(11111) ulef:auj.tefwjrgwf,eh. wdkef:oj;trf,ulofvyf:Odif,aOyguf;/

(22222) zo tefvh;bmefuhuef wif:vduf;vmh:eh.pmif;pmh.aO tefvh;bmefuhwif:tlnf:auj.vDeef.bof./

(33333) pAwf:P; ulef:ymuf,auj.wSuf,bmh;uefeh. imh;bl,aOw wj,pAwf:P; ulef:Ogifauj.Nrf;Mrf:zgrf.zAif,uefeef.qrf. bmyf,aw."/

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

71

(44444) ulef:cmef.eh. trf,rD:umef? ulef:trf,rD:umefeh. cmef.bof./

(55555) tefpof:trf,Nrf;Mrf:zgrf.uefeh. yAefrpj,tAefpSif:vlif wgef;wj,zl;cAefcofaw."/

(66666) ulef:pof:cj;eh. trf,q[;oj; trf,rD:umefwj,pAwf:? q[tefc[;pAwf:eef. trf,rD:ulnf:/

(77777) ayj:rD:umefugef, qif,awrD:ukif,bof.? ugyf;eh eif,pdkofawvh;umefeef. ukif,tefvAuf.egh.eef.sw. xkuf,vDygh,ySwf;bl,/

(88888) bgef.cmrf,bmyf, cmrf,Okuf.bkif;tguf:atjaOcwf:q[pjtguf,qdseyef wmif:zdwf:pj:sv;idef:qlrf:cgyf;q[aw.bof./

(99999) Oifcwf:q[wmef,cofulnf:sw. wj,awpAwf:zl;tgefNofcofeef. trf,imh;/

(1010101010)tefqof;uof, trf,xdif:ay.vh;cdkef: q[qof;uof,eh. pmif;pmh.aO tefqof;uof,trf,ay.vh;zl;cAefeef.bof./

qof;aOj:Ok(rdlif:bh)

(1) qmwf;ymefulef:edkif;auj.eh. rdlefulef:vkrf:vj:wlef;rguf,edkif;wlef;eef.tdlof;/ tefvh;Ndof.rgh;rj:cmof:pdkifeef. pmhqgrf:vlif,rguf,eef.bof./(2) tefpof:pAwf:rj: oef:bmof:cmof:pdkifeef. bj,vdkrf:olef.ej;? ref:rdlefrmhxgefsv;rmhavj:bof./ Oifpof:c[;N. vgif;ref:vdlofbgrf:ayj:eh oef:eh.bof. ref:rj:avj:uefxgefyef vdlofbgrf:uj;pdkof wlnf:toftefyAefbl,oef:rdlof;eh.sv;/(3) tlnf:auj.J auj.pj:vmwf;oj; awtmef:Mwf;wD;eef;wD;eh;eheef. pj:trf,yh,

bkrf,vh;? Mwf;pdkoftrf,Mwf;? ydlifwSuf;ref:sw.Oife[:xgif:auj.pj:rD:idkef:oh.sw. tmef:Mwf;edlofNdof:rdefehauj; awbkrf,bl,/(4) clof:cgifedkif;tefeh. ref:rD:uj;cefuj;pdkof Oifyh,vkyh,pmhayj:eh awyh,N.uj;cefref:/(5) rguf,tefrD:bl,e[:au;Omhvlrf:yof,eef. tmhMrfref: trf,qyf:wlef;ref:vh;?ulef:auj.tefbl,e[:su;zl;cAefeef.auj;ej;umefref:trf,qmif;bof.wlof;vh;/(6) auj.tefugj,tofrj:eh. vh;nj:wmif:bmyf,erfvdlofaO auj.tefawwlrf;rdkof.ref:tdlof;/

ymhurf-OSifO[(ymifvlif)

bgef.bgef.bgef.bgef.bgef.* bgef.zmefsv; qmif;ej;vAuf.bl,? ulnf:ej,ej;vAuf.xdkifwD; ayj:trf,pwf:cof;e[:su;ulef:erfsw. bj,P;yAef/* bgef.Jzmefsv; ydlef;qmif;wAuf:wAifbl,?ulnf:ej, bj,ayxmif,vAuf.cdkef:wlofuof,vj:"/* bgef.Jzmefsv; tlnf:auj.qmif;at,bl,?ulnf:ej, tlnf:auj.vD tefyAefyyf.eef. rD:bl,eh bj,ayvdkrf:/* bgef.Jzmefsv; wD;ydkif;tdif;qmif;pmrf:bl,?ulnf:ej, wD;ydkif;tdifqSwf;qmif, tefyAefIwej,rBmwf;Omrfqof;rD:bl,eh ckuf:q[vh;ul;bmrf:sv;/* bgef.Jzmefsv; tefvlof,eef. wdkuf.rD:wmif:erfbl,? ulnf:ej, bgef.wmif:vlof,tefedkif;aO bj,aybgrf:Okrf:ej;J/

qof;aOj:Ok(rdlif:bh)


72

cSuf,tefoj;eh. bgef.ydlof; trf,q[;qof;Ndef:sv; rj:xifqlof;uSyf.qlof;cmof:aO cdkef:vh;yguf; rdlof:ugj,bl,bof./ rdlefeefeif,uof,ayj;tofNdef:avj:uoj;auj; ulef:pof:ul;auj.eh.yAefcSuf,avj:uulnf:sv; awtrf,vh;bl,Oof:e[:avj:ueh.vh;wj,aO,/ ayj:xkdifcmof:bmrf:ref:qdkif awvh;yguf; rdlof:cdkef:pif:z[ref:bl,bof./ qdlof:pof:pj: tefwdkuf.rD:wlofq[bl,eh.ayj:rj:olef.wlnf:vD"qdkif z[trf,vh;rguf,Mif.pjz[aO pof:Mwf;xdkifrj:wD;e[:avK:ueh.bof./z[auj; trf,vh;vdkyf;apj;aO tguf,rdlof:ugj,cdkef:qgrf:eif,Oazj:ref: yAefvkeef.bl,bof./rdlof;ref:Mwf;xdkifrj:eef. z["auj; tgefuefqlrf:Odlof:aO pyf.wgef;ref:bof./ rdlof;ref:cdkef:rdlof:ugj,eef.sw. yD;egif.wif:Ndef:sv;yD;egif.pdrf:Mrf:cof tofyAefwmif:vdlwf,Mef.rh;q[ aOj:uyIdaw,o trf,uwf:bAefvh;aO Mif.ph; rh;rgifq[ trf,vh;Odlof:qgrf:? rgif:ref:auj;trf,omh, yguf;rj:cdkef:? pkbl, trf,yguf;rj:cdkef:auj;Orf.trf,awj,"awvdkrf:ref:vh;bl,bof./

wD;aw.ref:qdkif qgrf:eif,xrf,rwj,avj:u tefrlef:sv;OD,qAif,? tefvrfsv;tefcmof? tefvSif:sv;vyf:Odif,? umifoef:sv;umifcdkef: wdwf:udkuf:uefrj:sv; ayj:rD:rdlof;rj:auj; awrD:cdkef: rdlof;rdlof:bl,/ ulef:pof:edkif;auj.eh. ayj:olef.wlnf:vD"qdkif z[trf,Mif.aOrj: z[trf,vh;vdkyf;aO rdlof:? vgif;wmif:qdlof:eh.wdkef:yAefOzj,oref:bof./

qgrf:eif,vh;cdkifygifpAwf:Omif;rj: vgif;vDtduf,vgif;qqdlof:eef.aO ayj:udif:ref:yef,cgyf; wluf:Mwf;xdkifrj: vh;qmrf,edkif;urf:? vh;cmrf,edkif;urf:? udlwf,bof.cdkef:wmh cdkef:pmh? OmhOdkyf,Orf,OIj, yef,wlif,oh.bl,bof./ zotefrdlefcSuf,eif,eheh. bgef.ydlof;trf,arjqSuf,olef.ch;qgrf:sv; rdlof;ref:Mwf;rj: tgefuefbkrf.Odlof:aO pyf.wgef;? rdlof;ref:cdkef:rdlof:ugj,Orf.tofyAefvgif;q[vAuf. acj:clrfrgifq[qgrf: trf,Okwf:omh:vh;bl,bof./ pAwf:ehaO OmhOdkyf,zoulef:pof:eh. ydlef;ayBj,auj; ayBj,qgrf:? ydlef;ph;auj; ph;qgrf:? tofyAefvgif;b[,vlifaO Odkyf,

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

73

bmif;qgrf:Mh:wdefcof rdlof;ylef.rj:qdlof:eef.bl,bof./

Oazj:Ozj,o ulef:pof:urf;erfeh. ayj:oj;vh;pef vgif;vmuf,vmh:aOtef trf, wef:olef.ch;q[OifaO tgefuefzgrf.tkrf,yef pSif:bgif;abj: tmrf:atj:bl,vlifoh.? rmifrdlof;rmifyguf;eh. vh;pefvgif;trf,vmuf,vmh:OifaOwbgif," uGif"? udeftrf,vh;? egef:trf,vh;?bl,trf,vh;? rof:rh;qgrf: vgif;trf,vh;erf.vh;wlofeef.bll,/

xkif:qof;cSuf,xkif:qof;cSuf,xkif:qof;cSuf,xkif:qof;cSuf,xkif:qof;cSuf,]rj:sv;}ehauj; awj;trf,vh;Mif.?]rdlof: sv;}ehauj; awj;trf,vh;ygif.?rdlof;ref:Mwf;rj:?pof:pj:pyf.wgef;?ogef:tgef;vmwf;acBj:?puf.ref: Orf.ayj:trf,tdrf,vh;/rdlef;ref:cdkef:rdlof:?trf,Odlof:bkrf.clof?ulrf;NofaO ph;?rdlefzh:rh;Nofq[bof./atK:JrD:wmif:rj:auj; N.rD:wmif:rdlof:?qdlof:pof:zdwf:ulnf:?vdkrf:zmif.wlnf:qgrf: zdif;ref:yAef/Oifolef.wlnf:ch;?trf,vh;Mif.rj:?trf,vdkyf;cdkef:rldof:?qdlof:pof:auj;eef?umrf,zmef,yef?pof:pj:eif,uef yAef ]cSuf,} OAif;"bof./

zdif;yAef ]rdlof;cgh; vh;qlrf:? rdlof;zmwf,vh;eSif}bl,eh. wdkef:yAefxrf,rwj, ulef:ykxkqef,pof:bof./ vgif;zmeftrf,cD rD:trf,Odlof:eh. awyAefxrf,rwj, qof;tIdbj,cofulnf:bof./ rD:uGmrf:acj;edkif; oj; ]]ayj:trf,uBmif.rdlefykxkqef,cofugef, qif,yAeftIdbj,}}eh/ rD:tIdbj,cofulnf:bof. ylef.vgwf;vh; vgif;wmif:qdlof:eh./

vdlofaOeh. tefvDrmhwgif: rD:xSif;uGmrf:acK;edkif; tefarjvduf;vlif ulef:cdlof:IOBj: qdkof;oj;]awj,qwGmh:}eef. vmwf;oh.oj;-

]]rdlof;r[: Mwf;xdkifrj: wD;e[:avj:ueh.ydlef; qlrf:Odlof:pyf.wgef;ul;auj.bof.? tefMif.ph;aO trf,Odlof:vh;eh. rD:r[:auj.vAofulnf:/ urf:rdlof;r[: tguf,zmwf,bmef avj:ueh.rdlof:ugj,qrf.ydlef; tgefuefph;qgrf:r[:auj; r[:trf,wuf:OAifbl,wAwf,"vlifoh.}}ehbof./

pof:ud lwf,yAefulef:rj:bof.aO wj,awawj,Ol;zopof:ugj,awj,qlof;ymefeef. yAefumeftefvrf,vgif;sw."bof./

1. awtofOifOif xdif:q[P;edrfref;?2. wj,rD:q[uSef,cSifvh;eef. awtofOif

aO vAif.tgh,q[?3. wj,P;ayj:vh;tof vgif;bkrf.clofaO

cgwf,bgwf;ughpmifzougj,eef. awvh;pAwf:pdkof/acK;xmrfqdlof:eh.sw. yAefykef;zgef: qof;

cSuf,cof xkuf,tgefuef pjacj;wgyf,su;ref: pif:z[pif:ref:eef.bof./ zo tefvh;tofvgif;ph;aO sw,wif;rj:eef. wj,awtofvgif;bkrf.clofaO cgwf,bgwf;ughpmifref:ugj,eh. yAefumefimh;iSrf;sw. trf,qdkof;/ acj;wgyf, tef


74

awimrf, rSef;wif:acj;xmrfqdlof:eef.sw.vdlofaO arjbl,Oof:P;vgwf;wmif:zdwf:sv;vdlofaO vgif; arjyluf:ygifauj,Omif;pAwf:yefzgef:vD edlofyD; egif.qdlof.cdlof:sv; Oj,Oej,eef. trf,rD:Oif vh;bof./ ayj:pAwf:qldif.ehugef, qif,vh;oj; auj.puf.wlofuof,? qif,yAefauj.tefoh.uj;cefedlof avj:uymefulef:? qif,awyAefauj. tefarj bkuf.bgif;qdlof.cdlof:sv;omef;rdlif:cdkef;b[,Okif? qif,awyAef qmh:bdif:zl;ulef:uB teftofOj,O ej,wmif,qduf:NofaO ydkif;tdif bl,Oof:rD:uj;cefeef.bof./

qof;aoykvf(rdlif:yef,)wlduf;Ogefvduf;erf.N:? oAif:ymifvgif:/

zdkeftdif- xrf,ryBL,pj, wgh:(52)? rmh-2/

qAifcrf:vSif:qAifcrf:vSif:qAifcrf:vSif:qAifcrf:vSif:qAifcrf:vSif:* qAif yAefiof;vuf:eD;

qAif cmof:ugefuD;oh:qAif wh:pyf.yDr[,qAif O[,pSif:wdkwf.wmh:qAif ymh:tofcdlof:cdkef;/

* crf: Tzj:bdkef;rAwf.wj,crf: Oj,Oej,ykwf.xcrf: wdkef:uBj.rD:cefcrf: seyefTwj:crf: tgefpof:pj:Ndof;/

* vSif: Omhzdlof;eif,vdlefvSif: iof:rdlefeif,oef:vSif: yef:qgwf,wlof;rdlif:vSif: ydlif:wmif:pkuGmif;vSif: qkifbmif;ylef.wD;vyf.yAefyyf.qAifcrf:vSif:eh.bof./

tj,bk(rdlif:yl:tgef,)

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

75

aIj:uj,vlrf:rsv,��eh. yAefugyf;bl,Iduf.tSwf.Odwf. (high uric acid)OkifpSif:ylef.ej,eef.bof./ vh;pkoj; wD;rdlif:tar,Idumef,eef. ulef:yAefaIj:uj,eh. rD:ugj,rguf; Nuf:vmef.ehbof./ zl;qmh:tj,vh;40 cdkef;edlofeh. yAefurf;erfehbof./ ayj:aIj:uj,eh.xrj:eh wdefqdlof: wD;tefref:yAefeef. u[;rj:? qAyf:rj:?r h ;r j : ? vSi fr j : ? c Ai f ;r j :bof./ ur f ;erfvh;cmrf,wmrf, qAyf: pdkifbmof:pD:emef: awj,xdkifpSif:vdlwf: bl,Iduf.tSwf.Odwf.ayj:wluf:aOqif,ugh;pmhbof./ rmifyguf;uh.yAef 3-oef: awj,10-oef:bof./ rmifyguf;auj; Nofsr;wdefqAyf:"rh;"Orf.ayj: xmef,zh:rh;ehbof./ vldofaONofsr;wdef qdlof:wmif,wD;auj; rmifyguf;rmifv[arjyAefyj:bl,ehbof./ wD;qd lo f:tefuh.yAefvh;eh.rdlefeif,- Nofsr;wdef 76|? wjwdef 50|?Nofcof, 32|? edof.wdefedof. rdkof: 25|? iguf:Oguf,10 |? cgyf; wdefcgyf;rdkof: 10| sv; tefyAefqgrf:uef wif:Ogifzmh, 11| ehbof./

ulef:tefqmif;yAefvlrf:rsv,

zl;qmh: ydlifvlifref: tj,bk 40-50eh.qmif;yAeferfaOzl;bdif:cofbof./

zl;bdif:qrf. omh:aO vldwf;Nofvdlefc mw f ,b lw f :O Ai f ;bof. qif,qmif;yAef/

rmifauj.auj; yAef qgrf:cdlof:/ vkuf;tgef, sv;ulef:ekrf,cof trf,ayj;Ol;yAef/ urf;erf" ayj:yAefulef: rD:aIj:uj,vdlwf;omef? aIj:uj, vdlwf;wif(vldwf;vldof-high blood pressur)?

aIj:uj,rmuf,vef:(��)sv;ulef:rD:chref:erf qdlof:eh. uh.yAefyj:aIj:uj,vlrf:rsv, (zDvdef) eh.bof./

vgif;ulwf,wlnf:aIj:uj,vgif;ulwf,wlnf:aIj:uj,vgif;ulwf,wlnf:aIj:uj,vgif;ulwf,wlnf:aIj:uj,vgif;ulwf,wlnf:aIj:uj,vmh:tefOmif,xkuf,sw. awvh;ulwf,wlnf:


76

qgrf:vkyf,uyf: vkyf,awj, qgif,ref:rD:chacj,(crystals)? urf;erfsw. arjbjcof awxmrfwlnf:vuf;cej, aIj:uj,sv; ydkef: tefvh;blwf:rj:qdlof:eef. ulwf,pjvgif; aIj:uj,bof./urf;yj;erf awvh;pkoj; ref:qAyf: qgrf:vkyf,uyf:vkyf,awj,sv;u[;rj:? yDrj:/ ydlifedkif;auj; aIj:uj,vlrf:rsv,eh. ref:cof;yj:e[: qkrf:aIj:uj,vkyf,uyf: vkyf,awj,qAyf: (arthri tis)/ bgef.eefsv; arjbjcof trf,ayj:qmif; udkif.umif.wSyf:wwf:oj; yAefaIj:uj,vlrf:rsv, ehurf:vAof/ cofaw q[.ulwf,wlnf: qgrf:vmh: wmif,rAof:xSif; rdlefeif,- qmrf:wSuf;wlnf: pSif:vdlwf;bl,Iduf.tSwf.Odwf.bof./ ydlifvmuf,ref:qrf.zgif:rdlof;aIj:ujyAefpSif:eef. qSwf;wlnf:pSif:vldwf;bl,Iduf.tSwf.Odwf. bl,aOwauj; ref:trf,ayj,? trf,sepmif;zmifydlif;vD"/ urf;erfawvh;qkyf,tof vldwf;wD;cSefaO qmrf:bof./vmh:qmrf:tefeh.auj; rmifyguf; ref:trf, seyef tefrmef,rSef;auj; qmif;rD:? rdlefeif,ulef:tefymh:bl,vD uSef,cSifurf;zgif; ayj:rj:wSuf;wlnf: pSif:vdlwf;bl,Iduf.tSwf.Odwf.eh seoj; pSif:ref:Okifbl,aOw ulef:auj.trf,yAefaIj:uj,auj;rD:aO rmifyguf;rj: ulef:yAefaIj:uj,eef.qrf. qSwf;wlnf:pAwf:pdkofauj; vuf:xmefref: trf,tguf,seehbof./ rmifyguf; ayj:rD:vgif;xmif,xldrfoj; ac:ref:awtrf,yAef aIj:uj,ehaO qmif;yAefaOrAof:" tefuyf:umh,vlnf;vkyf,uyf: vkyf,awj,eef.blof.ehqdkif arjbjcofuh.q[.xh,wlnf:yj: tSuf.qaI:(x-ray)bl,bof./

vmh:bjaIj:uj,vmh:bjaIj:uj,vmh:bjaIj:uj,vmh:bjaIj:uj,vmh:bjaIj:uj,vmh:bjref:rD:Ogifydlif 1. yefbjwgif:ymef,

P;ref:acBj.bgrf: sv; 2. sp.umif;bj,P;ref:yAef/ vmh:rmh (1) qrf. ayj:aIj:uj,xrj:qdkif awvh;vdkof;aO rgefwdefoh.? trf,vDrdyf,elwf;zef.? awvh;yef P;ref:uwf:"bAef"? rmifyguf;uh.av,pef ulef:yAefzDvdefrdlif:pof: toferf.Okuf;cof;aO Nwf:wgif;P;ref:bAefbof./ ayj:trf,eefauj; tofzSefqAwf.ej; qkrf,erf.uwf:"aO ylof.O[,wD;ref:yAefeef. ehbof./awtrf,vh;tof ugef;erf.cSifaO wj;O[,eldofedlof.eif wD;ref:yAefurf:Odkof;? ayj:trf,eefedlof.eifqmif;vmef; ehbof./

bj;bjref:qrf. ayj:rdlof;ref:aw,aw:yAefeef. P;tofbj qAyf:bgrf:sv;u[;phm (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)qdlif.eif, wD,cvlof,zSefeAuf. (diclofenac)?tdef, wlof,rSwf.xOdef, (indometacin)?eSyf.zIguf,Odef, (naproxen) qdlof:eh.bof./ulnf:uj; bj;bjqdlof:eh. ayj:trf,Omif,xkuf,Orf.qmif;yAef wmif:udefe[:wgif.trf,vSof? wgif.qAyf: qugj,qdlof:eh.bof./

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80

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82

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eif,pkdofqof;Ipmef:cof ayj:awbl,bmyf,cmefq[eef. cmof:bmrf:qof;Ipmef:cofpAwf:umefTwj: ayj:vkduf:"rj:eh zDcofqldof:eef. rj:pAwf:zAwf,aO vguf,qof;Ipmef:cof? rj:sepmif;tefvDulofvDumuf, vmuf,"vhm:"? rmifyguf;Orf.pAwf:yAefOAifvDzmef;vDiSof tefvDulofvDumuf,? rmifyguf;rmifv[ Orf.pj,OSofthm wl,thmrAefO[,yefqof;Ipmef:cofqof; Orf.ayj:trf,bl,vh;/ ayj:yAefqdlif.eefauj; qof;Ipmef:cof qif,tgefuefckdef:rj:ql:Tzj:yAefqof;bof./ vgif;tefcofqof;xlyf:rj:wif:OAif; trf,yAefpAwf: umef

Twj:vh;eef. cofqif, rldof:vof; xkdifTzj:yAefqof;bof./ ayj:oj; Tzj:yAefqof; vh;pkeif,eefbof. qif,ckdef:xmrfqof;Ipmef:cof ]]qof;pof:cofugj,bl, Oof:wD;eef. trf,ykdefsz;rAwf.wj,yefzDcofp}}eh? qof;Ipmef:cofckdef:wgyf,oj; ]]trf,vh;pAwf: pdkofcj;}}oj;ehsv; Tzj:yAefqof;qif,oj; ]]tldof; qof;pof:cof tgefuefckdef:ugj,wD;eef;w}}? uSef,qof;eh. pefoh.e[:nmef,wjOSifref:bof.sv; wD;eef;yAeftef Omif,xkuf,wj,cof qof;sw."ehbof.? Tzj:yAefqof; qif,Ogefyef vhm:Olif,rAwf.wj, vhm:ykdefsz;rAwf.wj,aObof. qof;Ipmef:cofqldof:eef. ckdef:tgefuefugj, uBmif.urfTwj: wD;eef.bl,bof./

urf:yguf;Ogifeh. ayj:oj;qof;Ipmef:cof ugj,zSof wD;e[:xldef,vlifeef.bof.ehauj; qgrf:eif, tefTzj:yAefqof;Ogefyef vhm:ykdefsz;rAwf.wj,eef. cofqof;qif,ykdefsz;aOpAwf:umefTwj:bl,bof./ qof;Ipmef:cofqif,tgefuefykdefsz;oj; ]zDcofwif:vlifwif:vhm©?taoIj apmefwk-P;Olvgwf;az;cAef wif:OAif; aOurf:vlnf;w? tYBjyQf@j apmefwk-P;Ol vgwf;wmif:Okuf.bkif;pkuf:q[ aOurf:vlnf;w? teDCj apmefwk-P;Olvgwf;wmif:rh;q[wkuf.bmuf;aOurf:vlnf;w? OkcD twfwje>yIdpIefwk- P;OlrD:wmif:wlofq[Ogifyldif uwf:bAefOldof:Oj,aOurf:vlnf;w}ehaO tgefuefvgwf;apj: yefrAwf.wj,yIdwf;xrf:qof;eef.bof./

zDcofwif:OAif;qldof:eef.ehauj; ayj:vh;xgrf,idef:acj;rAwf.wj, Okwf;yIdwf;xrf:qof;

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

83

sv; vh;pyf.tofrAwf.wj,uwf:bAef tefqof;Ipmef:cofqof; ykdefsz;yefqldof:eef. zDcofauj;tgefuef Nrf"qlrf:"aOtrf,uj: bmrf:zgif:rldof;qof;Ipmef:cof pAwf:umefzj,oej,Twj: bl,eef. cofarjrj:uSwf,sc ap.uif;y[.yj:yef az:tmef,wsI, ul;yldifyldifbl,bof./ qof;Ipmef:cofqof;ehauj; pAwf:umefTwj:auj; ihm;"vlrf"aOurf:vkdef:rj: cofqof;wluf:yAefaOj:wj,ymef,?Ouwj,umrf,? tej,umrf,? tIpefw Ipmef:wj, ugj,pif:z[pif:ref: uwf:"bAef"bl,bof.ehykdef: uSyf;ref:rj:rD:eif,ehbof./

zgef:vDrAwf.wj,zgef:vDrAwf.wj,zgef:vDrAwf.wj,zgef:vDrAwf.wj,zgef:vDrAwf.wj,zgef:vD vgif;vh;ykdefsz;rAwf;wj, (11)yldif

qrf.- 1. Okc> Okywd- vh;egef:vD? 2. Okc>y#dYkQf@wd-vh;wkdef,qSif;rj:vD? 3. e yjyu>Okyde> yOfOwd-trf,egef:zef tefpkuf:tefphm.? 4. rekOfOje> ydabj apjwd-ulef:wif:vhmcof puf.Nrfqlrf:ySif:? 5. trekOfOje>ydabj apjwd-teftrf,q[;ulef: zDcof? Owf:cofqldof:eh.auj; puf.Nrfqlrf:ySif:? 6. aWowjIufcefwd-zDcofwif:vhm vlvgrfy[.yj:yef? 7.emOfO tUfUd oj odO> oj Owfx> oj urwd-zh:? ugif.? cldif;vmuf;emuf; rmuf,rkdof.qkdef:bmrf:trf,wldof.xkdifwlofpof:? 8. wko#> qdwfw> OrjXd bwd-q[pof:edrfref;rj:vh;ihm;"vD"? 9. rkcoEf aEj odyfyODWwd-ej;wjqkdef;qmif, ymif,O[vD? 10. tOrfrlVfapj ujv> uaIjwd-trf,vh;whmq whmrldof, vh;whmvD"imrf:"? 11. tkwfwIdtyfy#d odQf@efawj FYpfravjulyaUj apjwd-zoqmwf;eh. ayj:cwf:q[sw. qmif;vh;Twj:

xl:bl,? Oifoj;trf,vh; qmif;Mwf;zSofxkdifugj,rldif:Omif ehbl,bof./

ohm:aOOyf:vSif:se zgef:vDrAwf.wj,Odyf:tAwf:yldifbof.? awckdef:vmwf;seugj,vgif;rAwf.wj, (528)eef.vl:ugef,/

rAwf.wj, 528rAwf.wj, 528rAwf.wj, 528rAwf.wj, 528rAwf.wj, 528taejXdO ykuf.ulof,pj;auj.-taejXdO ykuf.ulof,pj;auj.-taejXdO ykuf.ulof,pj;auj.-taejXdO ykuf.ulof,pj;auj.-taejXdO ykuf.ulof,pj;auj.- OyfaY

Owfwj? OyfaY yjEj? OyfaY Zlwj? OyfaYykUfUvj? OyfaY twfwZjoyIdbjyefej/

atjXdOykuf.ulof, qAwf:auj.-atjXdOykuf.ulof, qAwf:auj.-atjXdOykuf.ulof, qAwf:auj.-atjXdOykuf.ulof, qAwf:auj.-atjXdOykuf.ulof, qAwf:auj.- OYfYjtdwfxdabj? OyfaY ykIdOj? OyfaY tIdbj?OyfaY teIdbj? OyfaY aWoj? OyfaYrekOfOj? OYfaY odedyjwduj/

rAwf.wj,Twj: ]wk} OD,yldif-taoIj apmefwk?tYBjyQf@j apmefwk? teDCj apmefwk? OkcDtwfwje> yIdpIefwk/ (az:cAef? pkuf:q[?wkuf.rh;q[? oef:e[ P;umif:ugj,-Ogifxj, wlofq[crf;oef:e[ z["P;bl,rlef;Oldof:Oj,/)

vhm:szyAef-rAwf.wj, 528-vhm:szyAef-rAwf.wj, 528-vhm:szyAef-rAwf.wj, 528-vhm:szyAef-rAwf.wj, 528-vhm:szyAef-rAwf.wj, 528-ykuf.ulof, (12)auj.eef. tofwk(4)yldifukef:

aO qif,yAefrj:rAwf.wj,blof:" (48)yldifbof./tefszvh;rj:rAwf.wj,(48)yldifeef. tofOD,ej;? OD,qAif,rldif: ej;w[;? ej;eldof(10)ej;rdlif:ckdef:ukef:xSif; qif,szyAefrj:rAwf.wj, (480)yldif? e[:rAwf.wj,(480)eh. Orf.ckdef:tofrAwf.wj,blof:" (48)yldif rldof;uh;eef. rj:avj:O[,?wif:OAif;rAwf.wj,sz yAef(528)eif,ehbof./

]]rhmwgif:- vhm:ukef:szyAef rAwf.wj,(528)eh. tofvhm:tefqof;OjIdykwfwIj, apj:oh.uj;


84

wD;e[:y#dOrfZdWjrUfUeef. pAwf:yAefiof;cmrf,ykdef.ref:aO eyf.Ogef,oh.eif,eh/ ayj:tofumifq[Tzj:yAefqof; oj;ehqkdif yAefvhm:sz;wldef: tefrj:e[:yIdwf;vlif rAwf.wj,Okwf;eef.ulnf:bof.}}

ayj:tofvhm: e[:y#dOrfZdWjrUfUeef.sz;wdlef:rAwf.wj,ehqkdif ch;sz;wldef:zhm,yj,vdauj;vh;? Zhm,wh:auj;vh;bof./ zhm,yj,vdqrf.- tp> taoaIj apjrd? tYBjyQfa@j apjrd?teDaCj apjrd? OkcD twfwje> yIdpjIjrd? Wkufcjrkqfqjrd? bxjvWfX Orfywfwdawj rjodUqf!jrd? urfrOfOauj/ OyfaY Owfwj? OyfaYyjEj? OyfaY Zlwj? OyfaY ykUfUvj? OyfaYtwfwZjoyIdbjyefej? OYfYj tdwfxdabj?OyfaY ykIdOj? OyfaY tIdbj? OyfaY teIdbj? OyfaY aWoj? OyfaY rekOfOj? OYfaYodedyj wduj/ taoIj apmefwk? tYBjyQf@japmefwk? teDCj apmefwk? OkcD twfwje>yIdpIefwk? Wkufcj rkqfqefwk? bxjv#fXOrfywfwd awj rjodUQf!efwk? urfrOfOuj/

vhm:sz;wldef:zhm,yj,vdeh. ayj:c[;P;ref:wArf(528)ehqkdif tofqgrf:ej;rldif:tefoj;ykIwfxdrjb WdOjb? yqf!drjb WdOjb?tkwfwIjb WdOjb? WufcdEjb WdOjb?ykIwfxdrjb tekWdOjb? yqf!drjb tekWdOjb? tkwfwIjb tekWdOjb? WufcdEjb tekWdOjb? pA#fXdrjb WdOjb? tkyIdrjb WdOjb OyfaY Owfwj /y/ urfrOfOuj/oj;eh ugj,bl,qgrf:OD,ej; OD,qAif ej;w[; ej;zhm,eldofaO vgwf;aO sz;wldef:wduf:" ayj:eh

qkdif awszyAefrj: rAwf.wj, (528) eef.bl,bof./

vhm:sz;wldef:rAwf.wj,zhm,wh:eh.sw.qgrf:eif, bmrf;z[bmrf;ref:eef.aO e[:yyf.xrf,rquf.uBj, zhm,wh:qldof:eef.auj; rD:wmif:erfbof./ rldefqldif.eif,oj;-

1. Owfwoj,wif:OAif;v[? crf;oef:e[?wlofq[P;Oldof:Oj,? az:cAefOmif:vmif:? rh;q[umif:? vgwf;wmif:vgif;wkuf.cj,/

pof:cj;qkrf:qldof:? rlef;q[Oldof:? bdkef;rldof:yefrAwf.wj,/

2. wlofrD:q[wif:OAif;v[ /v/ bkdef;rldof:yef rAwf.wj,/

3. wlofxmif,qSif;wif:OAif;v[ /v/ bkdef;rldof: yefrAwf.wj,/

4. ykuf.ulof,wif:OAif;v[ /v/ bkdef;rldof:yefrAwf.wj,/

5. wlofrD:cef,xj,wif:OAif;v[ /v/bkdef;rldof:yefrAwf.wj,/

6. zl;bdif:wif:OAif;v[ /v/ bkdef;rldof:yefrAwf.wj,/

7. zl;qhm:wif:OAif;v[ /v/ bkdef;rldof:yefrAwf.wj,/

8. tIdbj,wif:OAif;v[ /v/ bkdef;rldof:yefrAwf.wj,/

9. ykxkqef,wif:OAif;v[ /v/ bkdef;rldof:yef rAwf.wj,/

10. zDwif:OAif;v[ /v/ bkdef;rldof:yefrAwf.wj,/

11. ulef:wif:OAif;v[ /v/ bkdef;rldof:yefrAwf.wj,/

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85

12. odedyjwduj tOlIj,wif:OAif;v[ /v/bkdef;rldof:yefrAwf.wj,/

vhm:sz;wldef:qldof:eh. oj;ihm;rgef; Olyf:vDsw."bof./ ayj:tofOdyf:ej;rldif:aO oj;qgrf:ul;ej;ul;qAif, ej;w[;zhm,eldofayj:ehqkdifyAefrj: rAwf.wj, (528) zhm,wh:eheif,uof,bof./

vhm:sz;wldef: e[:rAwf.wj,Okwf;yIdwf;qof;eh.qrf. yj,vdref:sw. rldefqldif.eif,tefrD:oh. e[:yyf.xrf:yIdwf;qof;qldof: eef.bof./ wD;eh; awykdefsz;seqgrf:zhm, wh:ugj,blof:"eef.vl:ugef,bof./

yAefvh;Okdof;blof:? Okdof;blof:wgef:ugj,-(Oufauj tkQl q OkpkQlq)?

oj;ihm; tlef;tgef,? rj,ebgef,acBj.?-(Okoaqj qOfO rkWk tewdrjeD)?

arjtdrf,wlduf;ihm;? vkrf:vj:ihm;ej,-(OefwkOfOaujq, OkzaIjq)?

umefrmifaO:? rofau:vAif.Omuf;ugj,/(tyfyudqfaqj q Ovfvpkuokwfwd)?

tdif,wsI,edrfref;? nmef,eef;b[,vD-(OefwdefTWdabj q edyauj q)?

trf,phm.uBmrf:wldof:? qgh:cldof:bmefeD?-(tyfyuYfaZj ukavOg eekudWfaXj)?

vgif;oj;sO;Ogrf:? P;bgrf:rmifvD-(e q ckWfWrjqaI udnfqd)?

vgif;qldof:eh. so;oh.bof.vDvD/(abe odnfnl yaI tkyoaWbBj>)/

1. Owf.woj, tefarjulof? trf,arjulof Ogifyldifwif:OAif;v[? crf;oef:e[? wlofq[P;Oldof:Oj,?az:cAefOmif:vmif:? rh;q[umif:? vgwf;wmif:vgif;wkuf.cj,/

2. Owf.woj, tefpefvh;? trf,pefvh;Ogifyldifwif:OAif;v[? crf;oef:e[? wlofq[P;Oldof:Oj,/

3. Owf.woj, tefrD:wD;qrf? wD;uh Ogifyldifwif:OAif;v[? crf;oef:e[? wlofq[P;Oldof:Oj,/

4. Owf.woj, tefqmwf;Okwf:? trf,Okwf: Ogifyldifwif:OAif;v[? crf;oef:e[? wlofq[P;Oldof:Oj,/

5. Owf.woj, wlofbmof:? ygwf:? ymefumifOmrfyldifwif:OAif;v[? crf;oef:e[? wlofq[P;Oldof:Oj,/

6. Owf.woj, wlofb[,? vAuf.? ymefumifOmrfyldifwif:OAif;v[? crf;oef:e[? wlofq[P;Oldof:Oj,/

7. Owf.woj, wlofyD:? bgrf? ymefumif Omrfyldifwif:OAif;v[? crf;oef:e[ wlofq[P;Oldof:Oj,/

az:cAefOmif:vmif:? rh;q[umif:? vgwf;wmif:vgif;wkuf.cj,/

8. ulef:pof:eif,uef? ySwf.uof:uef? P;tefumif:uhugj,/

9. ulef:pof:eif,uef? xmif,vAuf.uef? P;tefumif:uhugj,/

10. ulef:pof:eif,uef? cj;iSef:uef? P;tefumif:uhugj,aOurf:vlnf;w eh yAefqldof:eh.bl,bof./

awOkdyf,vmwf;se vgif;vhm:tefqof;TOj,odyOfOe wSrf;tguf,oh.wD;e[:yIdwf;vlifzhm,wh: eef.vl:ugef,/

eif,ehrAwf.wj,Okwf;rkefiof:? ckdef:oef:tduf,Olpof:uh.vgwf;? qcofzAwf,zkuf.tduf,zDvl:? cdif:coftrf,rj:ql:yBpmif;? bmrf:rldof;umifckdef:


86

egef:vyf:uGj,? vh;egef:uwf:bAefej,azj:"?tduf,Orf.egef:vyf:uGj,yl difeef? trf,vh;egef: zefpefolnf,pif;? yIdwf;au:ql:rkefxlef;uj:? Oluoftduf,pof:pj:zgrf.vgwf;vlnf;w/

uwf:bAefwD;edyf.ymef,Nifxl:? tofwif:avj:uD,nmef,cof;ql:ul;rldof;? zl;tefvuf:vSrfe[:uwf:bAef? uIeD,b vDpAwf:yAefsw.bof.?pAwf:arjP;rD:Odyf:Nuf:Nof? P;rD:oh.Olyf:wlofOkdof;OSwf.? tduf,Orf.oh.q[Okdof;vDimrf:? cof;yAefulef:pk uGmrf:Oif,imh;? oh.q[P;tlef;tgef,Twj:? rj,etrf, rD:rj:rmef,ckdef;? P;pAwf:tdrf,wlduf;ihm;vDvlrf? vAif.imh;O[,e[:xliftdrf,vh;? oef:ymefumefau, trf,pAwf:rmuf;? pjvAif.tOmuf;P;rofrj:? Nuf:N: tdef,waI,y[.pmif;? P;rD:ynf,nj,uGmif;erfwgef:? oh.q[trf,pkuf:pmh.emrfzldof:? e[:wuj,qldof.cldof:trf,Mh;zSofw/

umefpkuf:phm.rmifrof? ulef:pkcofsO.bgrf;? ukdif,uj;ekdif;tdwf:tdwf:? trf,vDzdwf:zSuf,yldif;? uj;yAefOwf.woj,? P;rAwf.wj,xkdifql:? bj,P;cofrD:zh:? P;vDoh:bl,rlef;vlnf;w/

wlofrD:vlrf:tguf,cof;oef:e[? wloftefqmif;wluf:q[wlif.wAef;? qcofq[edrfbl,ul;cmof:?il:cof wloftefbmof:bAwf,cAif;? yjqmif.wloftefb[,vlifvmif? ukduf:wif:wlofxmef;umifxkuf,ej;? rSif:vSifwlofwSrf,vAuf.tDOD:? qldof:cofwlofbgrfyD:eldof.rmuf;? qcoftofwjwlnf:trf,qSif;?vmh:Orf. bif:rD:xSif;wjxlyf:? wloftefrD:wD;uhwif:erf? wloftefbl,wD;qrfwif:OAif;?wlofteftkyymwf;yAefrj:? wloftefsw,e[:yj:wgif.sr;? Owf:woj,oj;bof.wif:vlif?Okcbl,Oldof:OlifOAif;vlnf;w/

P;puf.rldefeif,vkuf;auj.ekdif;? uldwf,vAif.bl,Oof:ykdif;yAefrj:? wD;e[:qldof:cofOwf.woj,?P;rD:q[rAwf.wj,sz;wldef:? uj;yAefe[:vluf;vAofavj:u? tkxrf,zmh,eldofzwif:rlwf:? taxj:q wif:zmh,w[;vmif;? wdIdbzmh,cmif;Ogifwmif:? vgif;trf,rD:zkdwf,uyf.b[:"? zh:wmif:eguf;wmif:e[: bj,qmyf;vlnf;w/

Nrfqlrf:trf,rD:wD;wSuf;eldif:? rAwf.wj,Twj:Ndif:P;sz;? eif,uj;OaZj:tefvDwgef:? bj,iofvyf:iofegef:bl,ySwf;? Wd#f$> rldof;ukdwf:q[Oj,bj,? qI>rldof;bmrf:uGj,yhwmif:? edOdef,erldof;eif;bl,wgef:qgef:? Obje rldof;wlofegef:bAwf,pmif;? q[rAwf.wj, OwdrD:erf? qldof:eh.P;wkdof:urfawj,qlof;? eif,uj;q[vDrD:rAwf.wj, Oldof:Olif? vh;oj;bl,vDvlif e[:Oj,Oej,crf:qof;eh.bof./

ayj:oj;pAwf:ehbl,qyf:wdwf:? wmif:tofqtefzdwf:trf,qmyf;? ayj:rD:Odefxrf:OD,voj,? Orf.tofrmuf;ynf,nj,wlnf:aqj:? ayj:rD:rj:wArfxlef;trf,vk? udav,Oj,owf.xkbmefumif:? eif,uj; oj;rj:pAwf:aO,"? vgif;bl,xSif;Oef,ax, bAefuwf:? eif,eh. rAwf.wj,Okwf;Nifpmif:? apj:rj:bof.Omif:vmif:qgwf;OAif;sw.bof.Ol©Olaej:-ehbl,bof./

sz;wldef:rAwf.wj,tefoj;eh. ref:rD:erf. wgef:zgef:vDb[,erfsw."bof.? trf,vh;tguf, ikdef:tguf,wgif: vlof,arjoh.erf.q[pof:Okif"eef.ulnf:/ zgef:vDref:b[,wmef,pkdofehwD;e[: edWjeO>bkwf? tguf.cj,Okwf; (O>?2?226/) eef. Tzj:yAefqof;seoh. yldifwSuf;Tzj:yAefqof;seoh. yldifwSuf;Tzj:yAefqof;seoh. yldifwSuf;Tzj:yAefqof;seoh. yldifwSuf;Tzj:yAefqof;seoh. yldifwSuf;ref:ref:ref:ref:ref: rD:ulef:Ogifauj./ auj.ekdif; umife[pkifcof;

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

87

ymuf,arj;aOvl,wmef:? umifoef:pkifcof;ymuf,arj;aOvl,wmef:? umifcrf; pkifcof;ymuf,arj;aO vl,wmef:/ auj.ekdif; Orf.sz;wldef:rAwf.wj, umife[ pkdifrguf;qlof;rdyf,Mwf;tof erf.elrf:olof:edkif;bgwf,? umifoef:pkdifqlof;rdyf,Mwf;toferf.elrf:olof: ekdif;bgwf,? umifcrf; pkdifwmef,qlof;rdyf,Mwf; toferf.elrf:olof:edkif;bgwf,/ e[:uj;Ogifauj.eh. auj.tefsz;wldef:rAwf.wj, ekdif;oef:Omrfyguf; pkdifuj;rguf;qlof;rdyf,Mwf;erf.elrf:edkif;urf:eef. zgef:vDref:b[,aO auj.tefvl,wmef:cof; Okuf:Omrfymuf,arj;vl:ugef, ehbof./cmof:bmrf: rdyf,Mwf;toferf.elrf:olof:edkif;bgwf,eh. ref: qmif;awugj,pdkifOif/

ulnf:uj; tefvl,wmef:clof:cgifqldof:eh.vl:trf,rBmwf;p-eh trf,q[;? rBmwf;bl,ulnf:? yAefukOlof,bl,ulnf:/ wD;eh;c[;seoj; tefekdif;Orf.pAwf:ihm; tefekdif;Orf.pAwf:bmyf,aO c[;P;pkxkdif erf.wgef: zgef:vDref: uj;eef;ekdif;ulnf:/ vgif;sz; wldef:rAwf.wj,eh.sw. vlof,rD:erf.q[vDaObof. qkuf:sv;Oif? ugj,sv;Oif?eif; sv;Oif? egef:sv;Oif Olif,bkdef;sz;wldef:rAwf.wj, vh;ul;cdif,ul;bmrf:bof./

ykxkqef,ulef:rldif:umifpof:eh. z[auj;vDayj:yh,yAefqof:rmuf;qof;zlof,sw.? tukOlof,eef. erfsv;st, wkdef:yAefbl,pif:z[pif:ref:bof./ ayj:tofOazj:e[:tZdxrf,rj, oj;ayj:ehqkdif q[tefoj;eef. ekdif;yguf;eh. tofvh;tj,Ikif,ekdif;tefulnf:? trf,tofvh;Ogiftef/ qldif.eefbmrf:zgif:rldof;pof: wkduf.Olif,rAwf.wj, sz;wldef:rAwf.wj,bl,eef. ugyf;yldof;tofq[bldif:xdkifOwf.woj,cofsv; rldof;eef.

yAefq[ukOlof,oh.wif:ykduf:bl,bof.? q[tukOlof,wkdef:trf,rj: cof;yAefqgrf:vh;bof./ ugyf;eefsv; zl;v[z[aOtrf,oj; P;uh.arjsz;wldef:vlnf;rAwf.wj, zj,oej,aOsv; P;rD:vgif;wmif: ckdef;b[,r[,Okiful;auj. wif:OAif;aOurf:/

qof;TOj,OkoI (rmof:crf:)qof;TOj,OkoI (rmof:crf:)qof;TOj,OkoI (rmof:crf:)qof;TOj,OkoI (rmof:crf:)qof;TOj,OkoI (rmof:crf:)

zkdeftdif-1. rmwf;zgh,rmwf;bj, ykwf.xzj,Oj,? tOdef,

O>oIjvifujI? yDayj.-2010/2. tifukwfwIedujb? atujWOued yjwyj,

vd? rAwf.wj,Okwf;? urf,zjat:? wj;ukif;?yDayj.-1368/

3. yyf.yIdwf;vlifzhm,wh:? wSrf;-qof; TOj,odyOfOe? yDayj.-1984/

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ynf,nj,OD,Id (oAif:rdlif:aij.)


88

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ulef:}}ehbof./ ulef:auj.ekdif; ayj:ref:bl,qgrf:yuf:yldifqkdif wuf:awyAefvh; ulef:rD:uj;cefrj:bof./

ulef:pof:eh. z["auj; rD:wmif:rkif;rgif: bldif:tmef: Okdof;z[Okdof;ref:aO pAwf:Omif; awj,Ol; bl,Oof:uGj,ul;auj.bof./ q[.nmef, wmif:pl.aO arjxwf:Omif olef.qgrf:edlofej; umefsv; wlif,olif:tefvh;bl,Oof:qgrf:rj: eef.bof./ wj,awyAef ]]ulef:rD:uj;cef}} rj:eef.auj; qgrf:eif, qof;uof,olef.vh; ch;qmif;eef.tgefuefcwf:Omif; q[.wkdof:vguf: vhm:yhm:pefpif:z[pif:ref: bl,bof./

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vh;oj; edkif;qlof;ymef edkif;zobof./ qlof;ymefurf;zgif;eh. pkdifbmof:? qlof;ymefurf;zgif; Orf.cmof:ygwf:? qldof:tef uldwf,yAefulef: rj:bof.aOcgwf,bgwf;ymefulef:uGj, oef:eef.urf:vAofauj;rD:/ ymeftgef, ymefpmwf; ymefb[, ymefxof; Nrf;cof; ulef:bgrfulef:yD: ulef:rD:ulef:zmef ymefckefymefcj;? rmifqldof: qef.Okif rmifqdlof:qef.wSrf, yldifyAefqmwf;phm: trf,ihm:rldefuefaOtdwf:/ ulnf:uj; vgif;tef rldefuef?trf,yldif;uefaOtdwf:eef. rD:bl,rAof:ekdif;/eef.sw. yAef ]]wmif:rkif;rgif: ulef:pof:}}bof./ ulef:pof:ul;auj. c[;yAef auj.tefqef.Okif vldofaOyldifyAefyuf:uof, yldifuof, tefwkduf.yAefoh.bl, rldof;vAofeh.ul;auj./

ayj:eef qlof;ymeftefv[ qif,oj;vh;rD:uj;cef/ ulef:qldof:v[ qif,oj;vh; yAefauj. rD:uj;cef? tefeh. rj:yAefvgif;vD olef.ch; q[wj,qlof;ymefqof;uof, tefekdif;/ zgif:wkduf. clef.

qof;tkyAuf.cj, (tgefO[)

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89

olef.rSef;aqj; erf.uGmrf:ckduf.vkduf.tgef, acj;ekdif; ref:oj;]]Orf.oj;Okdof.Okyf:clof: uj;cefb[,?q[.wdkof: cldif;uj;cefOkif? rD:zkifulef: rl,ejvkrf:vmif:Nrf,vlrf;? vh;bl,Nrf; ikdef:crf:auj; awj;trf,yh,oj;vh; yAefauj.rD:uj;cef}} ehbof./

wmif:pefxkdifTzj: edlofuj;cefulef:wmif:pefxkdifTzj: edlofuj;cefulef:wmif:pefxkdifTzj: edlofuj;cefulef:wmif:pefxkdifTzj: edlofuj;cefulef:wmif:pefxkdifTzj: edlofuj;cefulef:e[:avj:ueh. ynf,nj, tefquf:szvh;

vgif;zdwf:vgif;xkuf,? OD,v cldif;bdyf:vD tefy[.yj: qlof;ymefpof:? ayj:rD:Ogiftefeh. Tzj:apj:oh.oj; ]]yAefauj.rD:uj;cef}}ehbof./(ODvufcefX oUfU? Okwf;aOjEWEf%)

ayj:ehauj; tdifeldofacj;uGmrf: Tzj: apj:rj:oh.eef. yAefymefvkuf;tgef,auj;vD? ymefpmwf;auj;bof.? ymefvlifauj;bj, wj,awyAef auj.rD:uj;cefauj.ekdif; tefawvh;ykdif;tdifuGj, trf,bj,trf,pmrf:vh;eef. yAefynf,nj, tefquf:szvh; tefzdwf:tefq[; tefvDtefphm.sv; ODvcldif;bdyf:vD tefy[.yj:qlof;ymefpof:eh.urf:vAofbof./

ekdif;qlof;ymeftefvh;rj: qlof;uSyf.urf:tgef,ekdif;eh. wj,P;rD:uj;cef? auj.pAwf:yefref: Orf.yAefz[ehqkdif awvh;wgyf,oj; yAef]wlofqof;uof,ulnf:}ehbof./ q[;sw.bof.? Oifc[;P;ulef:wif:erf ruf:ref;pof: yAefauj.rD:uj;cefeh wlofqof;uof, awvh;ruf:ref;wlofqof;uof, yAefauj.rD:uj;cef tgefwmif:ugef,? ayj:bof.auj; awvh;bl,Oof: pAwf:Omif; qgrf:eif,qof;uof,ruf:ref;oh./ bj,vkdrf: acj;uGmrf:tefoj;]]uj;cefqof;uof,eef. rD:wD;qof;uof,oh.ulnf:}}eheef.w/

wj,awyuf:Oif. clifOmif;yef P;qlof;ymefpof: rD:uj;cefb[,Okif rSwf;wgef:rj:eef. vuf:xmefref: yAefvgif;uh.wlif.wkdef, vAyf;pAef:pAwf:umef? vgif;arjxdif:q[ bj,P;yAeftukOlof,Ogiftefeh.bof./

uj;cefsv;qlof;ymefuj;cefsv;qlof;ymefuj;cefsv;qlof;ymefuj;cefsv;qlof;ymefuj;cefsv;qlof;ymefvgif;v[trf,oj; ayj:pof:oh.ySwf;vhmauj; aw

ySwf;vhmulnf:/ ayj:pof:oh.uj;cefauj; awrD:uj;cefrj:bof./ ulef:pof:auj;eef ayj:bl,oh.vhm"? trf,pAwf:Oifauj; awtrf,arjOif? ayj:trf,arjOifauj; trf,cof;wmif:wkdof:wD;v[? ayj:trf,cof;wmif:wkdof:auj; ySwf;vhmulnf:bof./ ayj:vAyf;pAef: Ogefvduf;auj; Ogef? trf,Ogefvduf;vhm:auj; vlof,pAwf:umefaOtef"? auj.eh.yldof;oj; awcof;wmif:wkdof:uGj,rldof:ej;sv; pgif.oj;auj.rD:uj;cefbof./ zl;rD:wmif:pkcof oj;- ]]auj.tefwAwf,rgh; egef:vyf:bl,eef. ej;umefref:auj; awwAwf,rhg;egef:vyf:? Okef,rmefref:auj; awwAwf,rgh;egef:vyf:? auj.tefvkuf.wkdef, rkdef:wj cwf:q[ygifpj vgif;ckdef;b[,bl,eef. ej;umefref:auj; wuf:awwlif.ekdifwkdef,ckdef;? tlzkif: Okef,rmefref:auj; wuf:awckdef;b[, r[,qkdef;rj:bl,}}ehbof./

wD;eh;vDolef.c[;q[ acj;uGmrf:ck duf.vkduf.zl;rD:wmif:pkqof;ekdif; vmwf;oj; ]]tefxkuf,vDpAwf:eef. Oiftrf,pAwf:qgrf:qkdif qmif;pAwf:rSef; teftrf,xkuf,vDpAwf:tldof;}}ehbof./q[;sw.bof.? ayj:pAwf:rSef; teftrf,xkuf,vDpAwf:eh teftrf,xkuf,vDyAefeef.auj;uldwf,ckdef;rj: qgrf:urf:Okdof;bof./


90

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ayj:rj: xwf:Omifolef.wlnf:vkduf.vkduf.qkdifawpefxkdif vgif;wmif:N.ynf,nj,sv; vgif;wmif:vD OD,veh Ogifbdlif;eh.ulnf:bof./ ayj:awbdyf:aOtef" Oifoj; rdkof:cgefekdif; trf,bkuf.sy.vh;eh awvh;tofxSif;cgefekdif; qgh;bdyf:? ayj:cgefekdif;ulof;uldof, vlof,tofxSif;cgefekdif; Okuf;vmif. qAwf.ODyef? eif,eef ayj:wmif:vDOD,v pSif:st,eh tofvgif;wmif:pkynf,nj, qhg;bkuf.bgif; xSrfyefvh;bl,/ Oifynf,nj, pSif:st,eh tofOD,v wmif:wkdof:urfvDeef. Okuf;ODxSrfqhg;xdif:yefvh;bl,bof./

wmif:pkynf,nj,sv; wmif:vDOD,veh. ayj:tofuGmrf:Tzj:yAefqof; xSif;acj;ekdif;oj;qdkif]]xrf,r odeb}} ehauj;pgif.vh;bl,/ ayj:tofacj;uGmrf:ymefr[,oj;qkdif yAef]]wmif:pksv;yuf:yldif}} ehulnf:/ cjOgiftefeh. cmwf,bmefueftrf,vh;/ auj.tefrD:wmif:pk wArfxlef;aOOrf.trf, rD:Odefeef. rldefulef:rkdof:ykwf:zhm,Ohm.? auj.tefrD:wmif:wkdof:urfvD wArfxlef;aOOrf.trf, wmif:pkOifeef. rdlefulef:rkdof:ykwf:zhm,cGjbof./

bgef.eefsv; urf;zgif;oj; ]]ayj:rD: ynf,nj, uj;b[,ej, uGj,v[auj;wkdef:uBj.? ayj: ynf,

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bgef.eefsv; ]]ynf,nj,sv; wmif:uBmif.vD}} udkif,vD rD:P;imrf,uefbl,bof./ ayj:trf,eefsw. rdlefeif,oj; ]]zb[,vmh"? Oiftrf,zmh? awckdifzef:Oifauj;trf,cof;? auj.b[,vmh"? ynf,nj,wmh? awckdifumefOif trf,xkdifwD;}} eheef.bof./ bgef.ehsv; wmif:pkynf,nj, sv; wmif:uBmif.vD OD,veh. yAefcldif;ukduf:uef? qif,oj; zmwf,bmefuef trf,vh;ehbof./

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P;arjpkuj;cefz[ref:aO yAefauj.rD:uj;cef pwf:pmef awj,Ol;cmrf;ylef.vh; vgif;bmyf,zkdwf,vlif e[:qlof;ymeful;z[ref:aOurf:/

qof;tkyAuf.cj, (tgefO[)


92

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eef. arjOgefbdif:OSifekrf,sv; arjOgefemif:crf:Olnf,tgefNoferf:ej;aO ydkwf,ymifOgefvduf;wh:sv; zdif;ai;ykwf;x yguf;urf:( 5) wD;omef;ej:ykif,? tdlif,rdlif:uSwf;? wlif,oAif:vj;OAof;? vh;ylifOgefugj, cmof:wmif: Ogifvdlefvkrf:"aO xdkifrj:rdlof;oef:xd 22.5.2013 vdlefNuf:r[,(13)crf; oef: ykwf.eef.qif,vh;ymif:tof qof;TOj,qedw uRif:vlif rdlif:uSwf;sv;zl;b[,ulef:vliful;tdlif,ul;omef; rj:cof;Nrf;yefpSif: q[vkuf;pAef:sv;arjOgefcofaO pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgefugj, eif,ehatj;/vkuf;pAef:aw.rD:(74)auj.? cof;wgyf,(68)auj.? tgif,ylef.(61)auj. vh;cmof,rj:eif,ehatj;/

Olif,cmof,- qmh:rdlif:uSwf;(qmrf,rdlif:) omef;rmuf,vghigrf:/

omef;ukif:rlif;? tldif,rldif:ymwf,? oAif:wmif.bmef:/omef;ukif:rlif;? tldif,rldif:ymwf,? oAif:wmif.bmef:/omef;ukif:rlif;? tldif,rldif:ymwf,? oAif:wmif.bmef:/omef;ukif:rlif;? tldif,rldif:ymwf,? oAif:wmif.bmef:/omef;ukif:rlif;? tldif,rldif:ymwf,? oAif:wmif.bmef:/qof;TOj,Okazj:u(owf.omef;Ohm:) tgefNofaO qof;cl:

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Olif,cmof,- qhm:rldif:(ymifvlif)

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pmefaO qof;cl:ac,rj,(yD;qhm:rkef)? qof;cl:eef,wdb(vldwf;OSif)? qof;cl:qef,wj,oI(qgrfpmef)? qof;cl:yef,wdwODId(OSifrldif:)? qof;cl:crj,okx (iof:wgif.zj.)sv;arjOgefe[:omef;urf;zgif; tgefuefykdwf,ymifOgef zdif;si;ykwf.x sv; vduf;vhm:wh: yguf;urf:(8) wD;owf.aovkokef,arj,pmefeef.aO vkuf;pAef:ckdef;Mwf;rD:(90)yhm"bl,bof./ymifOgefeh. sw,ykdwf,rldof;oef:xd(2.5.2013)aO bof.wlof;uGj,rldof;oef:xd(4.6.2013)eef.bl,bof./ e[:ymifOgefeh.ulnf: ayj:xkdifumifcrf;rj:eh rD:yj:xSif; ymifOgeftofykdef.xmefcgrf,zdof,wldof,ul;crf;sv; vkuf;pAef:qhm:bdif: qldof:rj:ckdef; Mwf;rD:(8)auj. qof;cl:ac,rj, tgefNofaO ylifOgefyefuGj, vh;pkcmof,qgrf:rD:eif,eh/

Olif,cmof,- qhm:rldif:(ymifvlif)

wlif,oAif:vj;OAof;? yO-2556? yw-2107?wlif,oAif:vj;OAof;? yO-2556? yw-2107?wlif,oAif:vj;OAof;? yO-2556? yw-2107?wlif,oAif:vj;OAof;? yO-2556? yw-2107?wlif,oAif:vj;OAof;? yO-2556? yw-2107?1. ugBif:vlifumifrdlif:-vkuf;pAef:rD:(235)auj.? tgif,(177)auj./2. ugBif:vlifwj;ykif,-vkuf;pAef:rD:(90)auj.? tgif,(56)auj./3. ugBif:omef;Ol;-vkuf;pAef:rD:(80)auj.? tgif,(49)auj./4. ugBif:rmof:crf:- vkuf:pAef:rD:(115)auj.? tgif,(93)auj./5. ugBif:omef;tmh,edlof-vkuf;pAef:rD:(65)auj.? tgif,(46)auj./6. ugBif:awj:b-vkuf;pAef:rD:(180)auj. tgif,(126)auj./

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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7. ugBif:ugif:au:tD,emh:-vkuf;pAef:rD:(60)auj.? tgif,(45)auj./8. ugBif:ej:ugef:vlif-vkuf;pAef:rD:(50)auj.? tgif,(32)auj./9. ugBif:wj;bmof-vkuf;pAef:rD:(60)auj.? tgif,(40)auj./10. ugBif:tD,emh:vlif-vkuf;pAef:rD:(120)auj.? tgif,(89)auj./11. ugBif:cdlof:edrf:(egifrgef)-rD:-(70)auj.? tgif,(49)auj./12. ugBif:egifrgef-vkuf;pAef:rD:(196)auj.? tgif,(150)auj./13. ugBif:ej:vmif:-vkuf;pAef:rD:(100)auj.? tgif,(85)auj./14. ugBif:rguf,vgef.-vkuf;pAef:rD:(250)auj.? tgif,(191)auj./15. ugBif:egifckef,-vkuf;pAef:rD:(30)auj.? tgif,(20)auj./16. ugBif:erf.yl-vkuf;pAefrD:(50)auj.? tgif,(29)auj./17. ugBif:eluf.ulwf:-vkuf;pAef:rD:(55)auj.? tgif,(28)auj./18. ugBif:rguf,wgif:-vkuf;pAef:rD:(81)auj.? tgif,(15)auj./19. xkif.erf.ygif;- rD:(16)wD;? vkuf;pAef: rD:(795)auj.?tgif,(415)auj./

zl;uAyf:cmof,-cl:OgefpSif:Omrfcmof:?wlif,oAif:vj;OAof;/

rdlif:yl:tgef,_rdlif:rmif: aq;oAif:rdlif:yAif:rdlif:yl:tgef,_rdlif:rmif: aq;oAif:rdlif:yAif:rdlif:yl:tgef,_rdlif:rmif: aq;oAif:rdlif:yAif:rdlif:yl:tgef,_rdlif:rmif: aq;oAif:rdlif:yAif:rdlif:yl:tgef,_rdlif:rmif: aq;oAif:rdlif:yAif:e[:yD 2107 vdlefOD,r[,(7)crf;? yAefoef: sw,

ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgef ]]zdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh:}}cmof:rh; yguf;urf:(9) wD;rdlif:yl:tgef,_rdlif:rmif:eh.bof./ e[:ymifOgefvduf;eh. qof;cl:aqj:wdu uRif:bmif:yl: (uAif:wkif)pAwf:yAefzl;erf:ymifaO qof;aqj:wdyj,v(cdlof:edrf:-rgef)vj;OAof;? qof;yef,wdw (rdlif:vlnf)? qof;tj,qj,I(vguf.qguf,)? qof;tkwf.wr(uRif:ckrf. rdlif:yl:tgef,)? Omif,ae,rdef,w? Omif,Okre(ymifvlif) Nrf;vlnf; arjOgefqmh:_bdif:e[:rdlif:yl:tgef,_rdlif:rmif: wif:OAif;(38)auj.aO Nrf;uefylifOgefugj, (1) omef;qgrfqAif? (2)omef;ySuf,? (3)omef;ckrf._umwf,?(4)omef;qmef:? (5)omef;ygrf;? (6)omef;uAif:wgif:? (7)omef;umwf,crf:? (8)omef;vlifrdlif:rmif:? (9)omef;ykif,(rmif:)eh rD:ugj,ymifOgef(9)ymifbof./ e[:ymifOgefqdlof:eef. rD:vkuf;pAef:(406)auj.aO pAwf:ygh:wSrf;wgyf,vduf; bof.wlof;ugj, rdlof;(17_5_2013)eef.bof./ vdlefqAif yDr[, (2108) eef.

pAwf:ygh:wgef;Ol: vkuf;pAef:uGj,bof./vdlofaOeh. uj;wD;aq;oAif:rdlif:Omwf,? omef;rdlif:

uSwf,eef.auj; qof;cl:aqj:wdu uRif:bmif:yl:(uAif:wkif)tgefNoferf:ej; arjOgefqmh;_bdif:cof(11)auj.aO ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgefvduf;wh: e[:omef;rdlif:uSwf,sv; omef;wj;atj;eh(2)ymifbof./ e[:ymifOgefOgifymifeh. rD:vkuf;pAef: (82)auj.? pAwf:ymifwSrf;wgyf,vduf; rdlof;(29_4_2013)? vdlefqAifyDr[,(2108) pAwf:yhg:wgef;Ol: vkuf;pAef: vh;N. bdef:rj:eif,ehatj;/

Olif,cmof,- qmh:qmrf,cdlof:_qlof;cmof:-rdlif:yl:tgef,

ymifOgefomef;ykif,? wlif,oAif:rdlif:bhymifOgefomef;ykif,? wlif,oAif:rdlif:bhymifOgefomef;ykif,? wlif,oAif:rdlif:bhymifOgefomef;ykif,? wlif,oAif:rdlif:bhymifOgefomef;ykif,? wlif,oAif:rdlif:bhyD(2013)eh. qof;cl:atj:oj,w? qof;cl:eef,

awj:zj,O? qof;cl:oj,Idef,w cof;Omrfqof; ydkwf,zknf,ylifOgefyef zdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: wD;odpmef,Ogefxrf: omef;ykif, wlif,oAif:rdlif:bh sw,(23.4.2013)awj,xdkif(13.5.2013)? Nrf;uefwif:OAif; qef.iof;vkuf;pAef: rD:(109)auj.? wSrf;wgyf,ylef.qef.ugj,(50)auj. vh;pkcmof,rj:eif,ehatj;/

Olif,cmof,-qgrfpmefcdlof:(omef;ykif,-rdlif:bh)

owf.rif,uvj,bmef,tgif,? oAif:rd lif:egifowf.rif,uvj,bmef,tgif,? oAif:rd lif:egifowf.rif,uvj,bmef,tgif,? oAif:rd lif:egifowf.rif,uvj,bmef,tgif,? oAif:rd lif:egifowf.rif,uvj,bmef,tgif,? oAif:rd lif:egifOif,cj,qof;sv; aujvduf;vmh:zdif;si;wh: rdlif:egif?

ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgef yguf;urf:(4) yD wh:(2106)eD;? e[:cmof:wmif:vdlefpj;_vdlefNuf: zdif;si;ykwf.x qef.(1) qef.(2)qef.(3) Nrf;uefugj,rD:(79)auj. qef.vduf;wh: qmh:_bdif:wif:OAif;rD:ugj,(234)auj. wif:rlwf:Nrf;uef vkuf;pAef:rD:ugj,(313)auj. vh;N.eif,ehbof./

Olif,cmof,-qmh:qmh:(rdlif:egif)

omef;rh,ukif:Oj,-omef;OmhvSif:? wlif,oAif:rd lif:egifomef;rh,ukif:Oj,-omef;OmhvSif:? wlif,oAif:rd lif:egifomef;rh,ukif:Oj,-omef;OmhvSif:? wlif,oAif:rd lif:egifomef;rh,ukif:Oj,-omef;OmhvSif:? wlif,oAif:rd lif:egifomef;rh,ukif:Oj,-omef;OmhvSif:? wlif,oAif:rd lif:egifOif,cj,qof;sv; aujvduf;vmh:zdif;si;wh: zgrf.Nrf;

vh;q[uefaO ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgef yguf;urf:(1) omef;r[,ukif:


94

Oj,? tdlif,ej:umif:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egif e[:cmof:wmif:vdlefpj;_vdlefNuf: vkuf;pAef:qef.vduf;wh:rD:ugj,(28)auj.? omef;OmhvSif: vkuf;pAef:vduf;wh: rD:ugj,(21)auj. vh;pk cmof,eif,ehbof./

Olif,cmof,-qmh:qmh;(rdlif:egif)

tdlif,egifcrf:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,egifcrf:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,egifcrf:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,egifcrf:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,egifcrf:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egifqof;cl:eef,w? qof;cl:odIdb? qof;cl:ynj,orf,O?

qof;cl:oj,Idef,w owf.vlifrdlif:egif vh;q[uefaO uRj.ugj,ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgefvduf;wh:cmof:rh; wD;omef;uRif:? omef;r[, tdlif,egifcrf: egifat wlif,oAif:rdlif:egif e[:cmof:wmif: (vdlefedkif;)aO vkuf;pAef:qef.vduf;wh:rD:ugj,(71)auj. vh;pkcmof,rj:eif,eh/


tdlif,rdlif:bmh:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,rdlif:bmh:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,rdlif:bmh:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,rdlif:bmh:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,rdlif:bmh:? wlif,oAif:rdlif:egifqof;TOj,odqdwf.w sv; qof;cl:ej,IW ydkwf,

zknf, ymifOgefvduf;cmof:rh; yguf;urf:(2) wD;owf.vlifumifrdlif:tdlif,rdlif:bmh: wlif,oAif:rdlif:egif e[:cmof:wmif:(Ogif)vdlef?qef.zdif;si;ykwf.x qmh:_bdif: rD:ugj,(11)auj.? vkuf;pAef:qef.vduf;wh: qmh:_bdif: rD:ugj,(48)auj. pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgef rdlof;vdlefNuf:r[,(8)crf; vh;pkeif,ehbof./


omef;ej:vD tdlif,rdlif:bmh: wlif,oAif:rdlif:egifomef;ej:vD tdlif,rdlif:bmh: wlif,oAif:rdlif:egifomef;ej:vD tdlif,rdlif:bmh: wlif,oAif:rdlif:egifomef;ej:vD tdlif,rdlif:bmh: wlif,oAif:rdlif:egifomef;ej:vD tdlif,rdlif:bmh: wlif,oAif:rdlif:egifqof;cl:UkEydb ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgef yguf;urf:(2)

wD;owf.Xrfrodeb(owf.ej:vD) tdlif,rdlif:bmh: wlif,oAif:rldif:egif e[:cmof:wmif: edkif;vdlef? qef.zdif;si;ykwf.x qmh:_bdif:rD:ugj,(9)auj. qef.vduf;wh:rD:ugj,(41)auj. pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgef rdlof;vdlefqAwf:r[,(8)crf; vh;pkeif,ehbof./


tdlif,oAif:uof, wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,oAif:uof, wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,oAif:uof, wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,oAif:uof, wlif,oAif:rdlif:egiftdlif,oAif:uof, wlif,oAif:rdlif:egif

TOj,qof;oj,br Nrf;vlnf;qof;cl:Ogefcof e[:uRif:(owf.egifrlof? rlnf,awj,) tdlif,oAif:uof, oAif:rdlif:egif ydkwf,zknf, ymifOgef yguf;urf:(4) e[:cmof:wmif:edkif;vdlef? qef.zdif;si;ykwf.x qmh:_bdif:rD:ugj,(37)auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;wh:rD:ugj,(57)auj. pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgefsv; ygh: cdkef;uRif:r[, rdlof;vdlefpj;vgif;(11)crf;eef. oj;eif,ehbof./

Olif,cmof,-qmh:qmh:(rdlif:egif)aq;oAif:vmif:cd lof:aq;oAif:vmif:cd lof:aq;oAif:vmif:cd lof:aq;oAif:vmif:cd lof:aq;oAif:vmif:cd lof:(1) Nif:pAef:xrf:owf.r[, tdlif,rh.tkefvof: qof;cl:eef,awj: qof;cl:yh,nj,wDy qof;cl:qefwdrj, cofqof;Omrfyj: ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgef 'dif;si;ykwf.x yguf;urf:(15)uGj,rdlof; 19.3.2013 vdlefOD,r[,(9)crf; vkuf;pAef: qdlof:rj:cdkef;pAef:OgeftofrD:bl, (48)auj. vh;tgif,ylef.qef.uGj, (15)auj.aO xdkifrj:vdlofNuf:r[,(7)crf; vh;pAwf:ygh:vdkof;ymifOgefwgef;Ol:vkuf;pAef:cof yAeftefbof.wlof;vDimrf:uGj, vh;N.cmof,rj: eif,ehatj;/(2) Nif:pAef:qef.iof; omef;rlif; tdlif,rh.tkefvof: arjOgefbdif:crf:qif; bdif:Olnf,uBj, cofOgifauj. pyf.tofykef;zgef:arjOgefaO ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgef vkuf;pAef:rj:cdkef:pAef:OgeftofuGj, rD:bl,(50)auj.vdlof" vh;N. qgrf:cmof,ymifOgef rD:eif,ehatj;/(3) Nif:pAef:xrf: owf,rwf.qdrjIlif, tldif,rh.tkefvof:pyf.tofacj;Oif,Ogef wrf;wD;qof;TOj, cwf.wdbaOsv;qof;cl:aqbOkc qof;cl:Okyh,nj, cofOgifyj: vh;ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgefuGj, vkuf;pAef:qdlof:rj:pAef:OgefrD:bl,(50)auj.vdloftgif,ylef.qef.uGj,(25)auj.aO pAwf:ygh:vdkof;ymif Ogefwgef;Ol:vkuf;pAef:cofuGj,rdlof; 18.5.2013. vdlefNuf:r[,(4)crf;eef.vDirf:bof. vh;Ncmof,rD:eif,eh/(4) Nif:pAef:xrf: uRif:ugif:rl: tldif,ej:ulif: qof;cl:xrf,reef,w tduf,wif:qofcl:cofqof; e[:uRif:ugif:rl: vh;ykdwf,zknf,ymifOgef'dif;si;ykdwf.x yguf;urf:(15)aO vkuf;pAef:rj:

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

95

cdkef;pAef:Ogeftof rD:bl,(150)auj.vdlof tgif,ylef.qef.uGj,(90)auj. pAwf:ygh:vdkof;ymifOgef wgef;Ol:vkuf; pAef:cofuGj,rdlof; 16.5.2013. vdlefNuf:r[,(7)crf;vDimrf:bof. vh;N.cmof,rj:eif,eh/

Olif,cmof,-yD;qhm:puf.ekrf,(rtv-vmif:cdlof:)

e[:oAif:rd lif:bh xkif.rd lif:pj._rdlif:pSif: sv;e[:oAif:rd lif:bh xkif.rd lif:pj._rdlif:pSif: sv;e[:oAif:rd lif:bh xkif.rd lif:pj._rdlif:pSif: sv;e[:oAif:rd lif:bh xkif.rd lif:pj._rdlif:pSif: sv;e[:oAif:rd lif:bh xkif.rd lif:pj._rdlif:pSif: sv;tdlif,clofbmof:uRif:ukefvlifaq;oAif:wmif.bmef:tdlif,clofbmof:uRif:ukefvlifaq;oAif:wmif.bmef:tdlif,clofbmof:uRif:ukefvlifaq;oAif:wmif.bmef:tdlif,clofbmof:uRif:ukefvlifaq;oAif:wmif.bmef:tdlif,clofbmof:uRif:ukefvlifaq;oAif:wmif.bmef:

oAif:rd lif:bh(10)tgif,wD;oAif:rd lif:bh(10)tgif,wD;oAif:rd lif:bh(10)tgif,wD;oAif:rd lif:bh(10)tgif,wD;oAif:rd lif:bh(10)tgif,wD;oef:xD.(4.5.2013) e[:qkrf:wh:ymefr[,sv;

Oif,cqof; ej;wD;zl;b[,ulef:vlif e[:oAif:rdlif:bh vh;qwf:pAwf:ymif'dif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vhm:wh: cmof:wmif:(50)oef: arjOgefqhm:_bdif:sv; cl:OgefNrf;uefrD:(80)auj._qof;ehbof./ qwf:pAwf:tgif;wD; odpmIf,egifrlofMif, e[:oAif:rdlif:bhcj;bof./ ohm:aOeefrj: rdlof;oef:xD.(19.4.2013)awj,(24.5.2013) cmof:wmif:(35)oef:wArf" vh;tgefuefqwf:pAwf: ygh:vlif:ymifOgef wgef;Ol:vkuf;pAef: cofbof.?vkuf;pAef:qhm:_bdif: wif:OAifrD:bl,(900)auj. arjOgefbdif:_qhm:rD: (28) auj. cl:Ogefcofqof;rD:bl, (20)wlef_yj:ehbof./xkif.rd lif:pj._rd lif:pSif;aq;oAif:rd lif:bh (19) tgif;wD;xkif.rd lif:pj._rd lif:pSif;aq;oAif:rd lif:bh (19) tgif;wD;xkif.rd lif:pj._rd lif:pSif;aq;oAif:rd lif:bh (19) tgif;wD;xkif.rd lif:pj._rd lif:pSif;aq;oAif:rd lif:bh (19) tgif;wD;xkif.rd lif:pj._rd lif:pSif;aq;oAif:rd lif:bh (19) tgif;wD;

rdlof;oef:xD. (13.5.2013) eef. bl,wD;Oif,cwh:ymefr[,sv; Oif.cqof;ej;wD; xkif.rdlif:pj._ rdlif:pSif: vh;tgefuef qwf:pAwf:ymifOgefvduf; 'dif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vhm:wh: yguf;urf:(2) cmof:wmif:pkdif (15)oef: vkuf;pAef:wif:OAif;rD: (1500) auj._qof; clof:OgefrD: (47)wlef_yj:arjOgefbdif:_qhm:rD: (17)auj. qif,vh;qwf:pAwf:ymifwgef;Ol: vkuf;pAef:cof rdlof;oef:xD. (24.5.2013) eef.cj;bof./

tldif,clofbmof:_uRif:ukefvlif aq;oAif:wmif.bmef:tldif,clofbmof:_uRif:ukefvlif aq;oAif:wmif.bmef:tldif,clofbmof:_uRif:ukefvlif aq;oAif:wmif.bmef:tldif,clofbmof:_uRif:ukefvlif aq;oAif:wmif.bmef:tldif,clofbmof:_uRif:ukefvlif aq;oAif:wmif.bmef:rdlof;oef:xD. (15.5.2013) eef. qkrf:wh:ymefr[,

sv; Oif,cqof;ej;wD; vh;q[uefaO qwf:pAwf:ymifzdkuf:

zgef. 'dif;si;ykwfxsv; vduf;vhm:wh: wrf;wD;odpmIf,ukefvlif tdlif,clofbmof: aq;oAif:wmif.bmef: tefvh;rj:cof;Nrf;wD;eh. rD:bl,(16)uRif:(7)tdlif, qkwkrfwD;vAofuefaO arjOgefqmh:_bdif:wif:OAif;rD:(135)auj. qif,vh; ydkwf,cmof:wmif: pj;oef:bof./ xdkifrj:(20-5-2013)eef. qif,vh;qwf:pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifzdkuf: zgef.wgef;Ol:arjOgef_cl:Ogefcofbl,bof./

Olif,cmof. wh:ymefr[,(5.9.2013)aq;oAif:rd lif:emh:aq;oAif:rd lif:emh:aq;oAif:rd lif:emh:aq;oAif:rd lif:emh:aq;oAif:rd lif:emh:

yD-2013 ymifOgefvduf;wh:cmof:rh; e[:xkif. oAif:rdlif:ehm: aujvduf;vhm:sv; 'dif;si;wh: tgefNoferf:ej;aOydkwf,zlnf,ymifOgefbof.? ej;wD;rD:-25-wD;? vkuf;pAef:rD:-621-auj.? arjOgefrD:-86-auj.aO xdkifoef:xd-15.6.2013.eef. pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgefbof. wlof;vDimrf:bl,bof./

Olif,cmof,-arjOgef_rguf,ugefr[,(rdlif:ehm:)/

ykif,yj,cSrf aq;oAif:rd lif:wlefykif,yj,cSrf aq;oAif:rd lif:wlefykif,yj,cSrf aq;oAif:rd lif:wlefykif,yj,cSrf aq;oAif:rd lif:wlefykif,yj,cSrf aq;oAif:rd lif:wlefrdlof; 7.3.2013. vdlefOmrfvgif;Odyf:crf;eef.

qof;ej,Iw tgefNofaO arjOgefqhm: (2)auj. arjOgefbdif: (6)auj. Nrf;uefydkwf,ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vhm:wh: yguf;urf: (9)wD;uRif:Okcodpj,I oAif;ykif,yj,cSrfeef. vkuf;pAef:rD:(157)auj. cof;wSrf;wgyf,(124)auj.wgyf,vh; uGj,(95)auj.aO pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgef wgef;Ol:vkuf;pAef:cofbof.wlof;uGj, rdlof;oef:xd 15.5.2013. eef.wD;cj;atj;/

Olif,cmof,- erf.wdkif:O[

xkif.ej:ugif:rl:xkif.ej:ugif:rl:xkif.ej:ugif:rl:xkif.ej:ugif:rl:xkif.ej:ugif:rl:sw,(19.4.2013) awj,xdkif(25.5.2013) oef:

ygh:vlif:ymifOgef oef:xd 29.30.2013 bmrf:umife[ 8:30sw,ymifuSof; Oif,cqof;sv; zl;b[,ulef:vlifcof rguf,vmwf;


96

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Olif,cmof,....ckefcmof: ej:ugif:rl:?

wlifoAif:rd lif:ud kif? yD-2107eD;wlifoAif:rd lif:ud kif? yD-2107eD;wlifoAif:rd lif:ud kif? yD-2107eD;wlifoAif:rd lif:ud kif? yD-2107eD;wlifoAif:rd lif:ud kif? yD-2107eD;1. ymifOgefomefukif:rmuf,rlif; 1. ymifOgefomefukif:rmuf,rlif; 1. ymifOgefomefukif:rmuf,rlif; 1. ymifOgefomefukif:rmuf,rlif; 1. ymifOgefomefukif:rmuf,rlif; arjOgeff rD:(2)auj.?vkuf;pAef: qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cofwgyf,(15)auj.?tgif,ylef.qef. (13)auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh:cof;wgyf,(3)auj. tgif,ylef.qef.(3)auj./2.ymifOgefyguf. 3. omef;zjcdlof:2.ymifOgefyguf. 3. omef;zjcdlof:2.ymifOgefyguf. 3. omef;zjcdlof:2.ymifOgefyguf. 3. omef;zjcdlof:2.ymifOgefyguf. 3. omef;zjcdlof: arjOgef (10)auj.?vkuf; pAef: qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cofwgyf,(5)auj. ?tgif,ylef. qef.(5)auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh:cof;wgyf, (8)auj. tgif,ylef.qef.(8)auj./3. ymifOgefyguf.6. omef;vlifbgef,3. ymifOgefyguf.6. omef;vlifbgef,3. ymifOgefyguf.6. omef;vlifbgef,3. ymifOgefyguf.6. omef;vlifbgef,3. ymifOgefyguf.6. omef;vlifbgef, cl:Ogef(1)auj.?vkuf;pAef: qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cof;wgyf,(7)auj.?tgif,ylef.qef.(7) auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh:cof;wgyf,(8)auj.? tgif,ylef.(8)auj./4.ymifOgefyguf.4. plif:xrf:vlifumifoAif:? arjOgef(5)auj.?vkuf;pAef: qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cofwgyf,(14)auj. ? tgif,ylef.qef. (11)auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh: cof;wgyf,(54)auj. tgif,ylef.qef.(47)auj./5. ymifOgeftdlif,umwf,zknf:5. ymifOgeftdlif,umwf,zknf:5. ymifOgeftdlif,umwf,zknf:5. ymifOgeftdlif,umwf,zknf:5. ymifOgeftdlif,umwf,zknf: ymifOgefrD:(4)ymif? arjOgef(16)auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cof;wgyf,(70)auj. tgif,ylef.qef.(75)auj.? vkuf;pAef:qef. vduf;vhm:wh: cofwgyf,(101)auj.? tgif,ylef.qef.(39)auj./

6.ymifOgefomef;ukefej:6.ymifOgefomef;ukefej:6.ymifOgefomef;ukefej:6.ymifOgefomef;ukefej:6.ymifOgefomef;ukefej: arjOgef(16)auj.? vkuf;pAef:qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cof;wgyf,(53)auj.? tgif,ylef.qef.(54)auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh: cof;wgyf,(40)auj.tgif,ylef.qef.(38)auj./7.ymifOgeftdlif,omef;plnf;vlif 7.ymifOgeftdlif,omef;plnf;vlif 7.ymifOgeftdlif,omef;plnf;vlif 7.ymifOgeftdlif,omef;plnf;vlif 7.ymifOgeftdlif,omef;plnf;vlif ymifOgefrD:(6)ymif?arjOgef(6)auj.? vkuf;pAef: cof;wgyf,(189)auj. tgif,ylef.qef. (182)auj./8. ymifOgefomef;vghyl,wmof.8. ymifOgefomef;vghyl,wmof.8. ymifOgefomef;vghyl,wmof.8. ymifOgefomef;vghyl,wmof.8. ymifOgefomef;vghyl,wmof. arjOgef(3)auj.? vkuf;pAef:qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cof;wgyf,(7)auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh: cof;wgyf, (26)auj./9. ymifOgeftd li f,ymifau,wk ymifOgefrD: (7)ymif9. ymifOgeftd li f,ymifau,wk ymifOgefrD: (7)ymif9. ymifOgeftd li f,ymifau,wk ymifOgefrD: (7)ymif9. ymifOgeftd li f,ymifau,wk ymifOgefrD: (7)ymif9. ymifOgeftd li f,ymifau,wk ymifOgefrD: (7)ymifarjOgef (12)auj.? vkuf;pAef: wif:OAif; qhm:(114)auj.bdif:(219)auj./10. ymifOgeftdlif:rd lif:bgef: ymifOgefrD: (15)ymif10. ymifOgeftdlif:rd lif:bgef: ymifOgefrD: (15)ymif10. ymifOgeftdlif:rd lif:bgef: ymifOgefrD: (15)ymif10. ymifOgeftdlif:rd lif:bgef: ymifOgefrD: (15)ymif10. ymifOgeftdlif:rd lif:bgef: ymifOgefrD: (15)ymifarjOgef (12)auj.? vkuf;pAef:qef.'dif;si;(107)auj.?vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh:(135)auj./11. ymifOgefomef;ymif,umwf,yguf.(5)11. ymifOgefomef;ymif,umwf,yguf.(5)11. ymifOgefomef;ymif,umwf,yguf.(5)11. ymifOgefomef;ymif,umwf,yguf.(5)11. ymifOgefomef;ymif,umwf,yguf.(5) arjOgef (10)auj.?vkuf;pAef: qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cof;wgyf,(40)auj.? tgif,ylef.qef.(22)auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh: cof;wgyf,(51)auj. tgif,ylef.qef.(48)auj./12. ymifOgeftdlif,rdlif:ckef12. ymifOgeftdlif,rdlif:ckef12. ymifOgeftdlif,rdlif:ckef12. ymifOgeftdlif,rdlif:ckef12. ymifOgeftdlif,rdlif:ckef arjOgef(10)auj.? vkuf;pAef:qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cof;wgyf,(146)auj.? tgif,ylef.qef.(143)auj.? vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh: cof;wgyf,(75)auj.tgif,ylef.qef.(67)auj./13. ymifOgefomef;ukefymif,13. ymifOgefomef;ukefymif,13. ymifOgefomef;ukefymif,13. ymifOgefomef;ukefymif,13. ymifOgefomef;ukefymif, arjOgef(2)auj.? vkuf;pAef:qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cof;wgyf,(8)auj.? tgif,ylef.qef.(3)auj./ vkuf;pAef: qefvduf;vhm:wh: cof;wgyf,(6)auj.tgif,ylef.qef.(5)auj./14. ymi fOgefomef;omef;vgu f .14. ymi fOgefomef;omef;vgu f .14. ymi fOgefomef;omef;vgu f .14. ymi fOgefomef;omef;vgu f .14. ymi fOgefomef;omef;vgu f . arjOgef(2)auj.?vkuf;pAef: qef.'dif;si;ykwf.x cof;wgyf,(14)auj.?vkuf;pAef: qef.vduf;vhm:wh: cof;wgyf,(19)auj./15. ymifOgefrh.Nif:wlef;wif;15. ymifOgefrh.Nif:wlef;wif;15. ymifOgefrh.Nif:wlef;wif;15. ymifOgefrh.Nif:wlef;wif;15. ymifOgefrh.Nif:wlef;wif; arjOgef(10)auj.? vkuf;

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

97

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tdlif,rd lif:Omh. wlif,oAif:vguf.qguf,tdlif,rd lif:Omh. wlif,oAif:vguf.qguf,tdlif,rd lif:Omh. wlif,oAif:vguf.qguf,tdlif,rd lif:Omh. wlif,oAif:vguf.qguf,tdlif,rd lif:Omh. wlif,oAif:vguf.qguf,TOj,qof; Ij,qdif,w (vmif:cdlof:)uRif:_ omef;vgh

qmif. tgefplofqof;cl:sv; wuj,ydkwf,ymifOgef'dif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vhm:wh:(cmof:rh;) yguf;urf:(Omrf) (1)omef;vdefvSif (2)omef;vhgqmif. (3)omef;rh.Ohm.? wlif,oAif:vguf.qguf, sw,oef:xd (25.4.2013.)awj,xdkif oef:xd-(24.5.2013) cmof:bmrf:vdlefyhmaO qof;cl:Ogef Oif,cqof;rD:(5) qof; vkuf;pAef:wmif:OAif;rD:(117)auj. tgif,ylef.qef.uGj,(99)auj.aO pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgef wgef;Ol:vkuf;pAef:rdlof;yDwh: 2107 eD; vdlefNuf:vgif;(8)crf; oef:Oof? oefxd(1.6.2013)aO bof.wlof;vDimrf:uGj,cj; atj;/Olif,cmof,- qof;OD,pcrf: (OD,ayj.) qlof;cmof: vguf.qguf,

rd lif:wArf_ vj;OAof;rd lif:wArf_ vj;OAof;rd lif:wArf_ vj;OAof;rd lif:wArf_ vj;OAof;rd lif:wArf_ vj;OAof;rdlof;(18.3.2013)eef. qof;TOj,rdlif:wArf tgefplof

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ukuf,wh:vSif: (rq)

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xkdifrj:vldefuof;vgif;Odyf:tAwf:crf;(1.9.2013) Mif.tkyf,ukrfuefvhmomef;vhmOlef tgif;wD;odpmef, tgif,Okymef,bof./

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98

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31/ (/) omef;yAif:edrf(r[,) /32/ (/) omef;yAif:edrf(uof,) /33/ 29.9.13 uRif:r[,ykif:vlif /34/ (/) uRif:ej:acj /35/ (/) uRif:omef;cj, /36/1.10.13 uRif:ymifqmrf37/2.10.13 uRif:erf.ySef; /38/3.10.13 uRif:chm:rgef /39/ (/) omef;ymifNuf: /40/ 6.10.13 uRif:chm:vlif /41.9.10.13 uRif:umif.umif /

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Olif,cmof,-qof;wh:ekrf, owf.omef;vSif.xkif.ylif:xkif.ylif:xkif.ylif:xkif.ylif:xkif.ylif:

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99

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Olif,cmof,-qof;oj,Idef,w(owf.wlef;rlif;-xkif.ylif:)

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TOj,owf.wlef;rlif;? tgeftofarjOgef qmh:ySwf,suj.? arjOgefbdif:Odyf:OD,auj. wif:OAif;Omof:Ogifauj. rdlof:ydkwf,ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh: xkif.Oefvghaq;oAif:erf.qmif aq;oAif:vghvSrf? ymifOgef(12)ymif vkuf;pAef: cdkef;pAef:Ogeftof(1253)auj.? cof;wgyf,(550)auj./

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Olif,cmof,-qof;oj,Idef,w (owf.wlef;rlif;-xkif.ylif:)

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sv; qof;TOj,oj,Idef,w owf.wlef;rlif;? qof;TOj,oj,Idef,wowf.OSefsw:? qof;TOj,ac,rj,orf,O owf:Tzj:vrf xkif.OD,udyf, Nrf;Mrf:qgrf:uefaObof. Mif.tofarjOgef xkif.ylif:Odyf:qAwf:auj.aO rdlof:ydkwf,ymifOgef zdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh: xkif.OD,udyf, aq;oAif:ymifvgif: Odyf:qAwf:ymif vkuf;pAef:cdkef;Ogef rD:(1360)auj.aO cof;wgyf,(634)auj.-

OAef;rmh ymifOgefOrf.-1. oAif:OD,udyf,? 2. omef;ukif:avj.? 3. omef;uRif:? 4. omef;Omh:idkef:? 5. omef;ukif:zuf:apj?6. omef;rmuf,cD;el? 7. omef;Tzj:vrf? 8. omef;Tzj:zdluf,Mif,?9. omef;Tzj:zdluf,qmef:? 10. omef;erf.omef? 11. omef;egifwof:Mif,? 12. omef;egifwof:qmef:? 13. omef;erf.Ogif.?14. omef;Tzj:ayj,? 15. omef;rh.edof.? 16. omef;OSefsw:?17. omef;egifuguf. qdlof:eh.bof./

Olif,cmof,-TOj,qof;oj,Idef,w(owf.wlef;rlif;-xkif.ylif:)

ymifOgefxkif.ymif,vSif:? yguf;urf:(2)ymifOgefxkif.ymif,vSif:? yguf;urf:(2)ymifOgefxkif.ymif,vSif:? yguf;urf:(2)ymifOgefxkif.ymif,vSif:? yguf;urf:(2)ymifOgefxkif.ymif,vSif:? yguf;urf:(2)qof;TOj,au,vj,O owf.Olnf,ul, oAif:omef;bAef,

sv; qof;TOj,oj,Idef,w owf.wlef;rlif; xkif.ylif:? tgeftofarjOgefqmh:Nuf:auj. arjOgefbdif: OD,Odyf:Ogifauj. pkyf;wkrfwif:OAif; (48)auj.aO rdlof:ydkwf,ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh: yguf;urf:Ogif xkif.ymif,vSif: aq;oAif:erf.qmif(21)ymif? vkuf;pAef:cdkef;Ogeftof(1630)auj.aO cof;wSrf;wgyf,(622)auj. wif:OAif;tgif,(363)auj.aO oef:ydkwf,ymifOgef yD(2107) vdlefOD,r[,uof;crf; awj,xdkifvdlef Nuf:r[,ySwf,crf;eef. bof.wlof;ugj,vDimrf:aO- OAef;rmhymifOgefOrf.-wmrfeif,wD;w[;eh.bof./

1. omef;ymif,vSif:? 2. omef;ymif,? 3. omef;qmif;vAuf:?4. omef;OmrfOSif, ukif:ylof,? 5. omef;egifidkef:? 6. omef;ukif:?omef;zuf:vdlof,? 7. omef;sc,+wh:? 8. oef;Nofbmif:? 9.omef;


100

pmh:ej:ymef:wmyf;? omef;ukif:vhgvdlof,? 10. omef;wlef;uSif:+clofrkif:? 11. omef;pSif;? 12. omef;ch:rh.aOj.? 13. omef;cmh:omef;sc,? 14. omef;Omh:idkef:? omef;Nnf;atj;? 15. omef;ukif:blrf:? omef;ukif:xlof,eof;? 16. omef;ugif:rl:Ndof,? omef;xD,tlif:Olnf.? 17. omef;Noferf.? omef;erf.N:ygh:? 18. omef;eluf.bkif:+ omef;wlef;wD:? 19. omef;vlif? 20. omef;rmuf,vmif:crf:? 21. omef;ukif:ugef? omef;rmuf,rdkof:? omef;Omh:idkef:yAefqdlof:eh.bof./

Olif,cmof,-TOj,qof;oj,Idef,w(owf.wlef;rlif;-xkif.ylif:)

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Olif,cmof,-qof;au,vj(xkif.wgrf:-wmif.bmef:)

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(1)qgh;umefOj,Oej,? ukOlof,uGj,qgrf:pof:qgrf:xrf:vDtdifOof:?ydlifumefvof:xlef;qlof;ayj:Odefpof:trf,Nof;?xlef;qlof;vh;uwf:bAefq[Olyf:wlofvof:yAef? trf,rD:cAefulofrgh;ymefcgh;Orf,OIj,? olwf;rj:uGjpdkifbdkef:pSif:wkdef:bj,pSrfzlof? P;pkulofolwf;bmuf;atj:cOD,ar;vmuf;? bj,ayzmuf;qgrf:q[udlof:erf.q[pSif:b[,? bj,O[,ydlef;qif:pof:bj,pkifvof;udefrof:? bj,Mrf:uof:ar:ydlef;bj,idlof;Odlef;zSifcdif:? qArfqmh:bdif:P;vgwf;??

(2)rD:q[pof:vlof,ygwf;? ODOkuf;Mwf;uBmif:vDbj,pAwf:auj.arjzD? qmh:bdif:vDbl,umyf;yldef;rSif,cdlif;rj:qmyf;? pof:vlof,xmyf;ymefbdkef:oef:Odkef:tduf,rdlof:vif? trf,rD:uGmifukrf.rdlof;ydlef;yefP;pof:aej,? pof:apj,P;yldef;udlofqArfyj;edlofyj;Mif,? Omhegif,pwf.pof:vDtrf,oj;qlof;cmof:yD? tlnf:vDuGj,rdlof:ej;bdkef:bmof:pdkifcmof:wj;? trf,oj;yldef;oj;pof:OAifvof:oh.rldof:uGj,? bmrf:cj,qkwf;pmrf:wefcrf:vdlifpefoh.wj;? rdlof;yj;ej;pof:pAwf:/

(3)idkef:qwf:oh.zdif;Oj,? ukrf.uSrfuGj,rdlof;vgh:xlifcof;oh.zjygh:? rdlof:pof:egh:umyf;qof;wlef;zuf:cAofzkuf,cof;? Ogrf,qdrfwof;Ndef:bdif:bj,tofcmef.zSifcdif: pAwf:Mrf:qdif:tkyf,vgwf;?zkuf,cdlif;bgwf;wif:udef? wD;ej:vdefwdluf,ph;zkuf;vkuf;omef,Olrf;eh;? oef:zkuf,vh;udefrdlof:zkuf,ulnf;rmuf,Ndof:O[? trf,rD:v[oef:qkwf;pdrf:Ndef:ykwf;rD:wlef:? trf,vh;Nef;pjbgef:ayj:cmef.trf,pAwf:zgef:? vh;yAefbgef:ymuf,oj;trf,oj;qmh:bdif:vj;? vlof,rD:oj;ySif:Oof:??

(4)bj,ymhtkyf,clofrof:? au;ulef:uof:bif.wj;bj,ayySwf;bmrf:cj,? yAefwj,ykef;pof:vDtkyf,pkef.trf,rD:vD? arjyAefcDO[,ej;rdlof;wjOj;wef:cj,? vDbArfuGj,OlefNdef:vlof,zkuf,Ogrf;Oifwdlef:? rdlof;oef:vdlef:ej;vkuf;bj,ayckuf:cmef.ej,? ulofyAefuGj,pof:zmefbj,aycmef.ej;umef? wlnf:uGmh:imeftofwSuf;wrf:q[vSuf;pjidkef:? P;rD:wdkef:cBmrf:Oj,?bj,uGj,pjar,ckuf;? vlrf.ar:vkuf:Ndef:vSof?bj,udlof:ar:ymhpAof? vlrf.ar:vAofxkuf,ydlef;??

acj;Oif,uGmrf:Ogefoguf:pj;acj; (16) wgef;

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102

(5)bjaycdkifidlof;Odlef;? tmhydlef;O[,cdif:wlofbj,ySefylef.Odlof:clof? P;rD:ulofbkrf.ugh;ayj:wmef,bkrf.uSrf;cgh;? P;pmhbgh;edrfodkef:vlof,pjMrfrD:ukdef:? erf.q[ykdef:qif,ref;uBmif.qgrf:xrf:tofyef;? bl,eheef;umif:cDpAwf:vgif;vDudkuf:Mrf:? vDqgrf:tmrfNdof.rgh;rD:umefNdef:pAwf:qgh;? bj,ukrf,cgh;egef:oef:ayj:cdif,rdlof;bmrf:wef:? yyf.xrf:zef:wlnf:vduf;ynf,nj,wmef,OkifOduf;? vlvduf;vh;rD:rj:?ayj:trf,arjvj:vj:? pjtj:xj:Ogefacj;/

(6)ayj:rD:pSif:q[aqj;? trf,cSif;auj;bmrf:arjvduf;wh:cSef,cdlof:acj? wdkef:yAefarjqof.ydlef;ayj:puf.cdlof:arjidlef;? trf,tmrf:ydlef;aOydlifqArfyl,rgef,rj:pdkif? pof:pj:xdkifbl,wmuf;wdkef:cdkuf.cGmuf;trf,xD,? ul;cdlof:rD,tdifpof:ayj:arjvduf;wh:Oof:? cdlof:wh:pof:b[,idlef;trf,idlof;Odlef;Oof:uGj,? yAefwj,ykef;pof:vDayj:arjvduf;wh:vD? yAefwj,yDrdlof:ej;ayj:vlvduf;bmrf:cj,? yAefwj,ykef;pof:wgif:ayj:oef:rBmwf;rdlof:ugBif:? pjarjvgif:vl,oh;/

(7)vlof,pjxgrf,xrf:wh;? vlof,uBmif.vh;xrf:vof:ayj:uBmif.rBmwf;xrf:Oof:? trf,rD:rof:rdluf;rj;ynf,nj,uwf.cefuj;? rD;ej;uGj,rdlof:pkdifvlof,pAwf:Omif;arjcdkif? oef:pdkifuGj,rdlof:ej;ayj:cmef.tdleftrf,uj;? ydlef;cj.ej;clofpof:bj,ayrdluf;pjuof:? bj,ayrof:zlofydlef;bj,idlof;Odlef;pdrfar:? ydlef;qif:aO:awj,qlof;ar:ydlef;wlof;urf,zj,? bj,ayuGj,clwf:qgrf:

yhqrfMrf:rj:zj,? bj,pAwf:bjNdof.rgh;pAwf:umefvDukrf.qgh;? umrf,vDcgh;rdlof:bdkef:/

(8)rD:idkef:bj,Okrf:vmh? bj,Odkof.Omhrdluf;r[;rD:idkef:q[.qdkof;q[;? vguf:rSef;P;qgrf:Mh:bj,pAwf:vmhcDwgh:? vdkef:vgh:rh;rj:wof;auB:ql:cof;edkif;wj,? Odkyf,uGj,bdkef;yefbdkef:ayj:bif.wjegef:cdkef:?Odkyf,rdkef:wlnf:pefzmuf;rdlof;wkuf.bmuf;ydlef;vlof,? bdkef;xdkifylofwlnf:yefrdlof;ydlef;ydkif;tdifzlnf:? pof:cdkifwlnf:bj,rkif;trf,oj;OmrfvdlefyD? pof:xkufvDukrf.qgh;auB:ql:Mh;trf,au,? pkwuf:av,cdkef:rj:rdlof;ydlef;ydkif;tj:xj:? erf.q[pj:vlof,ukrf.??

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(12)vlof,arjcdkifukOlof,? wj,ej.vlof,pAwf:rdlof:ayj:arjoh.q[Odlof:? vl,wmef:rdlof:edkif;rAuf.wj,ej.vAuf.auj;bj,? vh;vDuGj,xdkifqgrfoh.erf.q[cwf:wgrf? uBmif.qgrf:MrfOdefref;OD,vyef;edrfuGj,? bl,Oj,ul;ymefpof:zj,oej,edrfOof:? tguf:atjpof:nmef,ckdef;pkqSif;qdkef;rlwf:uGj,? vh;cBmrf:Oj,uwf:bAefvgif;wkuf.trf,pAwf:yAef? umif:cAeful;qlof;qmwf;e[:xrf:rBmwf;rj:vmwf;? vlof,pefwmwf;cwf:qgrf:erf.q[oh.zAif,Mrf:? vmwf;qgrf:tofrSef;wD;??

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(15)pAwf:eefuGj,vkwf:vkwf:? trf,rD:Okwf:aOyguf;wluf:xgif,Orf,OIj,? trf,rD:uGj,wmif:ughyef,uGj,bof.rj:cdkef:? wluf:vdkef:bl,udefbmuf;au;bkrf:emrfbl,zmuf;? bmyf,bmuf;ej,cdif:pof:bgef.ehbj,rof:uGmif? ulofwluf:viftrf,vgwf;eif,pdkofawOl,Mwf;? zSofMwf;qmrf,oAif:crf:vlof,wrf:q[tofxrf:? rSef;yj:urf:xlyf:aqj;pyf.Mif:xrf:qof;ayj;? tdifacj;P;umif:O[pSif:erf.q[pof:vlof,? bj,ayclof,wlnf:uGifwkuf.bmuf;ej;avj:vif? udkuf:xifoh.ul;qmwf;/

(16)wrf:pAif:q[bl,vmwf; bj,P;umwf;xrf:pef


104

qdlof:pof:bl,wluf:vif? pyf.xrf:zifnmef,Mwf;ayj:trf,zmif.ODygwf;? wuf:egif,Mwf;wluf:cdkef:cgyf,clif:yef,odkef:odkef:? wuf:yAefcdkef:Ndof.rgh;wmhwmhbof.uldwf,udlwf,? trf,rD:pdlwf,omh:Oifeif,pdkoftrf,yAefuGmif? oef:vdkef:viftguf,vgwf;xdedkif;tofnmef,zgwf;? pof:wuf:Mwf;zSofOdlof:tofP;vh;qyf:rdlof:? ySwf,vrf:qgrf:Ndof:cmrf;cSrf.vdlofqdif,OSifumrf;? tgeftofbmrf;qgrf:rdlfof:oh.erf.q[pSif:Odlof:? tofrdlfof:P;xdkifwD;/

emif:Iwej,aqj:rgef:rBmwf;emif:Iwej,aqj:rgef:rBmwf;emif:Iwej,aqj:rgef:rBmwf;emif:Iwej,aqj:rgef:rBmwf;emif:Iwej,aqj:rgef:rBmwf;(qlof;cmof:-xkif.rmof:)

oef:xd-20. 08. 2013bmrf:umifoef: 12:00

rgif:wSrf;bof./

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qof;zj.OSif (oAif:rdlif:aij.)qof;zj.OSif (oAif:rdlif:aij.)qof;zj.OSif (oAif:rdlif:aij.)qof;zj.OSif (oAif:rdlif:aij.)qof;zj.OSif (oAif:rdlif:aij.)

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qkrf:eh. sw,wif;rj: rdlof;yc-1881? zl;tgefsw, yAef ]awj:rmwf. oDvDbSrf, aI:awj:rmwf. oDvDbSrf, aI:awj:rmwf. oDvDbSrf, aI:awj:rmwf. oDvDbSrf, aI:awj:rmwf. oDvDbSrf, aI:aw:odwf.aw:odwf.aw:odwf.aw:odwf.aw:odwf.}? rD:bdlif:tmef: wj,awvlvgrfy[.yj:sv;OgefpAef: vgif;yj,vd P;cdkef;b[,Omif.Okif/cofzdrf:tdwf, wlofyj,vd yAefIlof,ref,aO Orf.ydef,yAef zmh,tif:udwf.? pAwf:tguf,yyf.tzdxmef, sv; yyf.vduf;uBj,se,bof./ vdlofeef.cofcdkef:sr:xwf:vduf;uof,su,sv; acj;ydkwf,twf.xuxj,ref:aO ydef,yAefzmh, tif:udwf.bof./ e[:edkif;clyf,yDeh. cofcwf:q[ P;pAwf:tguf,bof.vh; yyf.ydef,zj,Oj, Ogifyyf.sv; yyf.uBj,se, edkif;yyf.bof./

ej;umefqkrf:eh. trf,q[;umefcliftguf, Odkof.cmh toferf.rSwf;erf.wgef: yAefwmif:umefymh:rmuf;rD:/ cofulnf:ydkif;tdif idkef:Mrfzgef:e[:qkrf:?idkef:uj;cmhvh;yyf.vduf;sv; idkef:vl,idkef:wmef:ydlef;aO yluf:wif;wlofrj:bof./ eguf;aO ej;umefayj.tdwf,yyf.vduf;vmh:eef. cofbif:rD:clif:umefqgh;xSrf zl;clef.cGj.Oguf;pjvAyf;pAef:vgif;yj,vd e[:vmhwD;vmhrdlif:bof./ Orf.xSif; cofqgh;xSrfyj:clif:umef ukrf:xdif: rSwf,ySif:Mrfxdif:Odrf:

vduf;zdkefay, uof,zif.pdkifrgef e[:rdlif:tj,OBwgef;qAif,qmef:oef:tguf,bof./

yd kef:vifyd kef:vifyd kef:vifyd kef:vifyd kef:vifrdlof;ymef 19-Nofymuf,yDrdlif: bmrf:qof.eef.

awj:rmwf. oD,vD,bSrf, aI: aw:odwf.awj:rmwf. oD,vD,bSrf, aI: aw:odwf.awj:rmwf. oD,vD,bSrf, aI: aw:odwf.awj:rmwf. oD,vD,bSrf, aI: aw:odwf.awj:rmwf. oD,vD,bSrf, aI: aw:odwf. Nrf;wif: auBj. xdlef:edlof,? aIj:ymwf. au:Oj,auBj. xdlef:edlof,? aIj:ymwf. au:Oj,auBj. xdlef:edlof,? aIj:ymwf. au:Oj,auBj. xdlef:edlof,? aIj:ymwf. au:Oj,auBj. xdlef:edlof,? aIj:ymwf. au:Oj,cBhm:wj:cBhm:wj:cBhm:wj:cBhm:wj:cBhm:wj: cofyAefzl;rD:qef. tefvh;pmyf,tofylef;zgef: ej;umefvlifygifqdkif; tif:udwf. wj,rj:tkyf,ydlif,yluf:ygifomef;rdlif: wD;rdlif:OD,Nof,eef.bof./ zgif:eef. Orf.yAefzgif:tef qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,e[:rdlif:OD,Nof, vh;awj,Ol; cAif,wuefwif:zl;tkyf,ydlif,rdlif: tefyAefulef:wmif,cdlof:sv;zj,Oj,wmif,cdlof:bof./ zl;pmyf,umefvlifygifqdkif;cofqrf. eif,pdkofawpAwf:umeftkyf.ydlif,omef;rdlif:ugj,vh;imh;eef. cofvh;pjwmif:qrfq[ulef:rdlif:? zj,Oj,sv;Oj,Oej, wif:zdif;xkif:ulef:rdlif:eef.bl,bof./ rdlof;zgif:eef. aI:aI:aI:aI:aI:aw:odwf.aw:odwf.aw:odwf.aw:odwf.aw:odwf. vh;yAefzl;xwf:OdefwD;oAif:]auj:auj:auj:auj:auj:}bof./ xdkifeif,yguf;edkif; ref:vh;xwf:xdefyef vgif;yefpj uAof,vlnf;uefwif:Oj,Oej,

qkrf:vduf;yj,vdrldif:tif:udwf:

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106

ykwf.xbof./ bgef.ydlof;eefsv; ref:vh;vAyf;pAef: yj:]vduf;yj,vd}aO wif;sw,eef.rj:ref:Olefq[ vgif;yj,vdsv; vgif;xrf,rrj:bl,bof./ xdkifrj: rdlof;yc-1871eef. ref:Orf.vh;yAef uSrfzl;tkyf.ydlif,rdlif: e[:ygwf:wgef; oAif:uof,]tekIj,xyl,I}aO Orf.vh; wdlof.xdyj:wif:umefvAyf;pAef: Odrf:ySif: clof:uof,rgef, Nrf;uefwif:qkrf: ]tj,cD,atj,avj,uBD, ugrf,rOBdef,} cofbof./ rdlof;cof ckwf:Oguf;pjclof:uof,rgef, wD;oAif:uof, ]tekIj,xyl,I} tefxkuf,wmif:ydkef.ygh,ySwf;oh. wif;sw,tof rdlof;yc-993rj:eef. cofvh;pefvduf; cSyf:pdefsv; vduf;wSrf;rdkof:uof, rgefwif:erfbof./ ydkef:tefcof Oguf;pefrj:qdlof:eef. cofqif,wSrf;vduf;rmhwgif:sv; vduf;MrfwgrfaO O[,ydkefzmof, e[:yyf.uBj,se, e[:qkrf: ]Igh,bdlof, at:OBj:xduf. Olof,Omh,xD,} cofeef.bof./ pAwf:eefaO ref:qif,yAef vAyf;pAef:vgif;yj,vd xrf,rrj:sw."aObof. xdkifrj:rdlof;yc-1881 eef. qif,wif;yAef ]qkrf:vduf;yj,vd}wD;rdlif:tif:udwf.bl,bof./

qkrf:vduf;yj,vd rdlif:tif:tdwf.eh. trf,q[;yAefqkrf:ulef:rkuf.b[,zkifvlifaO yluf:Omif; cgwf,zgwf;rj:? tdifedlofzl;rD:wmif:pk? zl;rD:oj,Oej,Olefq[ vgif;yj,vdxrf,raOsv; cgwf,zgwf;yAefrj:ulnf:? bl,auj.wD;auj.wmif:aO awj.sw.oj; rD:Mif;pyf.umefql:uyf:Odkyf,uefsv;wD;oh.yyf.vduf; tefpAwf:tguf,vh;rj:qdlof:eh.urf;zgif;ulnf:/ wif;sw,tof rdlof;auj;wif;rj:eef.aO qdlif.eif, bdlif:tmef:cofrD:oj; ]e[:edkif;clyf,yD P;bof.vh;Ogifyyf. sv; yyf.uBj,se,ed ki f;yyf.}eheef. coftgefuefpAwf:rj:

ayj.tdwf,yAefyyf.rj:ul;yD"bof./ awj,xdkifrdlof;vAof yyf.yj,vdcofwif:OAif; edkif;qkrf, rD:(57)yyf.? uj;cef rSef;-1360 zgef:(idkef:tif:uwf.)?yj,vd ydef,zj,Oj,tif:udwf. edkif;qkrf, rD:(43)yyf.? uj;cef rSef;-1085 zgef:? eh.yAef wgef;yyf. yj,vdsv; ydef,zj,Oj,tif:udwf.bof./ e[:uj;yj,vdwif:OAif;eef. tefcofyh,ydef, zj,Oj,bof.eh. udkwf: 1.edWfaWO? 2.bru sv;3.y#f.$j,e (yyf.yxmef:) eh OmrfrAof:eh.ulnf:/ ySif,aOeef.sw. ydef,bof.OAif;bof./vdlofeh. cofbif:ydef,yj: yyf.t#f$uxjvl:ugef,? yyf.t#f$uxj tefcofydef,bof.qrf.1.OrefwyjOjWduj? 2.uifcjodwIED? 3.yIrwfxaQjwduj(1) (ckWfWuyj,x-t#f$uxj)?4.Xrf,ryW-t#f$uxj? 5.yIrwfxWDyeD(1)(tkWje-t#f$uxj)? 6.yIrwfxWDyeD(2)(tdwdokwfwu-t#f$uxj)? 7.yIrwfxWDyeD(3)(odrjeowfxk-t#f$uxj)?8.yIrwfxWDyeD(4)(aywowfxk-t#f$uxj)? 9.yIrwfxWDyeD(6)(axIDUjxj-t#f$uxj)? 10.Qjwu-t#f$uxj)? 11.YkWfXo>O-t#f$uxj)? 12.t#f$OjvdeD?13.OrfarjpodaejWeD? 14.ynfqyuIE(uxjowfxk-t#f$uxj) qdlof:eh.bof./ vdlofaOeef. bif:rD:xSif;yyf.wD,uj,? tekwD,uj,qdlif.eif, ]tzdxrfrwfxOifUp? tzdxrfrwfxOifUp odZjodeD#Duj? tejUwo>O}qugj,xSif;wif:erfbl,bof./ tefvmwf;rj:qdlof:eh.sw. yAefzgef:wgef:ej;umeftefcofpAwf:tguf,vh;eef.bof./

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tefvDbgif;tmrf: qlrf:qgrf:cof wjedkif;sw. coftrf,vh;bl,wD;vAofuefaOsv; pAwf:umef? tofqgrf:eif,oj,Oej,sv; wmif:pkz[ref:aO pAwf:umefulnf:/ ayj:rj:wlnf: blif.cgwf,qkrf:cofauj; rdlefpmif;imh;iSrf; Omif:blof:oh./zl;rD:qef.umefcofrdlof;vAofqdkif- Nofyof;sv;zl;ukrf:idkef: yAefzaIj,zAwf.Odlof, aIj:ymwf.zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, aIj:ymwf.zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, aIj:ymwf.zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, aIj:ymwf.zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, aIj:ymwf.uSwf.wdef,uSwf.wdef,uSwf.wdef,uSwf.wdef,uSwf.wdef,(1)? uSrfNofyof;- zaIj,zAwf.Odlof,zaIj,zAwf.Odlof,zaIj,zAwf.Odlof,zaIj,zAwf.Odlof,zaIj,zAwf.Odlof,tlof,Ouj, oef, pD,el:yj:tlof,Ouj, oef, pD,el:yj:tlof,Ouj, oef, pD,el:yj:tlof,Ouj, oef, pD,el:yj:tlof,Ouj, oef, pD,el:yj: (2)? zl;emrf:e[:-wguf;wdlof, at,odef,uj,wguf;wdlof, at,odef,uj,wguf;wdlof, at,odef,uj,wguf;wdlof, at,odef,uj,wguf;wdlof, at,odef,uj, (3)? zl;ygifumefrl,qkrf:- zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, ej,vdeD, yj:ydlof,zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, ej,vdeD, yj:ydlof,zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, ej,vdeD, yj:ydlof,zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, ej,vdeD, yj:ydlof,zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, ej,vdeD, yj:ydlof,(4)? zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:vdef: vdef: vdef: vdef: vdef: (5)? wguf;wdlof, zlof: wmef:wmwf.wguf;wdlof, zlof: wmef:wmwf.wguf;wdlof, zlof: wmef:wmwf.wguf;wdlof, zlof: wmef:wmwf.wguf;wdlof, zlof: wmef:wmwf.(6)? wguf;wdlof, bl,Iduf. Ilwf.Ovj, wguf;wdlof, bl,Iduf. Ilwf.Ovj, wguf;wdlof, bl,Iduf. Ilwf.Ovj, wguf;wdlof, bl,Iduf. Ilwf.Ovj, wguf;wdlof, bl,Iduf. Ilwf.Ovj, (7)? zaIj,zaIj,zaIj,zaIj,zaIj,zAwf. Odlof, aw:odwf. aO:zlwf. Idluf.zAwf. Odlof, aw:odwf. aO:zlwf. Idluf.zAwf. Odlof, aw:odwf. aO:zlwf. Idluf.zAwf. Odlof, aw:odwf. aO:zlwf. Idluf.zAwf. Odlof, aw:odwf. aO:zlwf. Idluf.(8)/qdlof:eh. yAeftefbl,wD; rdlif:tif:udwf.bof./vdlofeef. rD:xSif,zl;wmifwlof vmhwD;vmh rdlif:bof./ wD;rdlif:tdef,wdb yAefzaIj,zAwf.zaIj,zAwf.zaIj,zAwf.zaIj,zAwf.zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, wD,yuf. ukrj, yj,Ik Odlof, wD,yuf. ukrj, yj,Ik Odlof, wD,yuf. ukrj, yj,Ik Odlof, wD,yuf. ukrj, yj,Ik Odlof, wD,yuf. ukrj, yj,Ik bl,wD;oAif:uj,vuwf.wj:(9)? wD;rdlif:xh: yAefwguf;wd lo f, yD,wj,wguf;wd lo f, yD,wj,wguf;wd lo f, yD,wj,wguf;wd lo f, yD,wj,wguf;wd lo f, yD,wj,OuD,vdif, OuD,vdif, OuD,vdif, OuD,vdif, OuD,vdif, bl,wD;oAif:ukif:xAyf;(10)? wD:rdlif:uBymef, yAefzaIj,zAwf.Odlof, Ol,wlof, arj:IdzaIj,zAwf.Odlof, Ol,wlof, arj:IdzaIj,zAwf.Odlof, Ol,wlof, arj:IdzaIj,zAwf.Odlof, Ol,wlof, arj:IdzaIj,zAwf.Odlof, Ol,wlof, arj:Idbl,wD;oAif:Omh,wr(11)? wD;rd lif:ulof:ID:bj:yAefzaIj,zAwf.Odlof, cRef aq:Ogif zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, cRef aq:Ogif zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, cRef aq:Ogif zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, cRef aq:Ogif zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, cRef aq:Ogif bl,wD;oAif:urguf.Id(12)? wD;rdlif:edof:qD,vSef, yAefwguf;wguf;wguf;wguf;wguf;wdlof, tj,tSwf. ukeIwe wdlof, tj,tSwf. ukeIwe wdlof, tj,tSwf. ukeIwe wdlof, tj,tSwf. ukeIwe wdlof, tj,tSwf. ukeIwe bl,wD;oAif: tguf.vSef,(13)? wD;rdlif:bl,tSwf.at, yAef zaIj,zaIj,zaIj,zaIj,zaIj,zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:vdef: zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:vdef: zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:vdef: zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:vdef: zAwf.Odlof, OwSyf.odef, acj:vdef: bl,wD;oAif:cBD,uj,ulof, (14)-bof./ qdlof:eh. yAef zl;rD:ej;wD;ygifumefe[:qkrf:cofbof./

zl;cof;qkrf:zl;cof;qkrf:zl;cof;qkrf:zl;cof;qkrf:zl;cof;qkrf:zl;cof;qkrf:ref:qrf. rD: 1.zl;cof;qkrf:

urf.xSrf? 2. zl;cof;qkrf:blof:"eh Ogifxmef;?zl;cof;qkrf:wif:OAif; rD:Okef,Nrf;cdkef;ymifukrfcgyf;clyf, sv; wgwf;uSyf:yefumifq[ wj,vlduf;wmif,zl;rD:qef.ej;umef e[:rl,qkrf:/ ayj:Odkof.yyf.qdkif rD:Okef,vlwf:yefuj;cefref: wj,20|bof./ vldofeef. zl;cof;qkrf:cof Orf.vh;pyf.vduf;zdkefcmof,cgyf;clyf,sv; cmof,imof:vgif;yyf.vduf; tguf,r[,bof./ uj;cof;qkrf:qrf. ayj:yAefzl;urf.xSrf edkif;yD 25 zgef:? wj,pj;yDqrf. 100zgef:/ e[:edkif;yD Orf.Okef,vdluf;tof yyf.vhm(trf,wmyf;qmh,) edkif;yyf. (ySif,aO yyf.tzdxmef,sv; yyf.yj,vdydwumwf;)/ zl;cof;qkrf:blof:"sw. idkef:uj;cof;qkrf:auj; trf,vh;O[,?yyf.vmhauj; trf,rD:Okef,vdluf;tof/ ayj:c[;uyf:Odkyf, ]qkrf:vduf;yj,vd? rdlif:tif:udwf. (zD,wD,tSwf.)}ehqdkif-

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uGmrf: tefayj;sr;? TOj,cl:Ogef? zl;tgefNofvDcof Oif,vmwf;oh. vgif;vD? vgif;q qdlof:eef. Mif.oj; ]uGmrf:Oif,Ogef}ehbof./ulef:ykxkqef,OgifrAof:ulef:ykxkqef,OgifrAof:ulef:ykxkqef,OgifrAof:ulef:ykxkqef,OgifrAof:ulef:ykxkqef,OgifrAof:

1. tefXykxkqef, tefXykxkqef, tefXykxkqef, tefXykxkqef, tefXykxkqef, (ulef:wjrgwf,-trf,rD:ruf,wjynf,nj,)

2. uvBjEykxkqef, 2. uvBjEykxkqef, 2. uvBjEykxkqef, 2. uvBjEykxkqef, 2. uvBjEykxkqef, (ulef:wjvSif:-tefrD:ruf,wjynf,nj,) ehaO rD:oh.OgifrAof:bl,bof./

ulef:e[:avj:ueh. yAeftefX ykxkqef,urf;erf qgrf:vlnf;q[Okrf,ukrf; irf:wef arj:peef.bof./ bgef.eef eif,pdkofawpkpefvh;tefzdwf: tefxkuf,? tefvD tefqeef.bl,wD; uvBj,Eykxkqef,( zl;rD:ruf, wjynf,nj,) cofaO vh;Odkyf,Oif,Ogefyefcdkef: vkuf;vmif:? vkuf;egif. ygif;ymhbl,bof./vkuf;tgef,pmrf:uGmrf:Ogefvkuf;tgef,pmrf:uGmrf:Ogefvkuf;tgef,pmrf:uGmrf:Ogefvkuf;tgef,pmrf:uGmrf:Ogefvkuf;tgef,pmrf:uGmrf:Ogefqmif;cd kifygifumefrd luf;qmif;cd kifygifumefrd luf;qmif;cd kifygifumefrd luf;qmif;cd kifygifumefrd luf;qmif;cd kifygifumefrd luf;

tOfOoewj XrfrOfO yIdpjbefwd-ayj:trf,bmrf;vh;xgrf,idef: uGmrf:Oif,Ogefehqdkif qIdwf.w wmif:bmrf;ulef:pof:eef.

qmif;vkbof./ bgef.trf,rD:wmif:pksv; qif,trf,rD:wmif:ulof wmif:tmh? bgef.trf,rD:wmif:ulofwmif:tmhsv; qif,pAwf:zdwf:rSef; umefrlduf;umefuSuf:? bgef.pAwf:rSef; umefrdluf;uSuf:sv;ymefzo qif,vh;vkOkrf:bl,bof./

uAof,vlnf;vgif;qdlof:eh. zl;rD:wmif:pkcofuh.Oif,vmwf;oh.oK;-

* vkuf;vmif:trf,vSrfvdwf:* vkuf;vmif:trf,vSrfvdwf:* vkuf;vmif:trf,vSrfvdwf:* vkuf;vmif:trf,vSrfvdwf:* vkuf;vmif:trf,vSrfvdwf: wmif:zdwf: xdkifayj;sr;/ wmif:zdwf: xdkifayj;sr;/ wmif:zdwf: xdkifayj;sr;/ wmif:zdwf: xdkifayj;sr;/ wmif:zdwf: xdkifayj;sr;/* wsy:trf,vSrfvdwf:* wsy:trf,vSrfvdwf:* wsy:trf,vSrfvdwf:* wsy:trf,vSrfvdwf:* wsy:trf,vSrfvdwf: wmif:zdwf: xdkifTOj, wmif:zdwf: xdkifTOj, wmif:zdwf: xdkifTOj, wmif:zdwf: xdkifTOj, wmif:zdwf: xdkifTOj,-ehbof./ bgef.

ydlof;Oif? ulef:pof:eh. ayj:oj; trf,rD:auj.Oif,Ogef? ayj:trf,vh;pyf.tofvgif; Oif,OgefwD;z[eh wgef;wj, awrD:wmif:pk wmif:pefpif:ulnf:aO vuf:vSrf arjpkacj;rj:pif:ulnf:eef.emef:rD:sw."/ urf;zgif; vh;udlwf,rj:wD; ayj;sr; trf,rD:ynf,nj,? vh;bl,w[;Nrf;iof:TOj, cl:Ogef trf,rD:wmif:pkaO ql:toftrf,vh;xgrf,tofacj;Oif, uGmrf:OgefOifsv; qif,trf,pkquf: tefzdwf: tefxkuf,aO pAwf:zdwf:rSef;umef trf,vDbl,bof./

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109

umefrdluf; tefvkuf;vmif:pAwf:rAof:eef.vh;oj; ayK;sr;pAwf:? umefrdluf; tefvkuf;egif.pAwf: rAof:eef. vh;oj;TOj,cl:OgefpAwf:? bgef.ydlof;rD: owf;Twj:wj,Oif,OgefaO trf,Oif,Ogefsv; vkuf;vmif: wif:vkuf;egif. teftrf,vh;xgrf,tof uGmrf:Oif,Ogefeef.auj; qIdwf.w wmif:bmrf;cof qif,vh;vkvSofaO pAwf:zdwf:rSef;umefrdluf;eef.bof./ umefrlduf;eh.rD:oh.Oazj:vgif;trf,vD? yAefwmif:zdwf:? qmif;yefzgef:qaO vh;wkuf.ccDrh; bgef.ref:ehbof./ umefvDeh. rD:oh. Oazj:vgif;vD? trf,yAefwmif:zdwf:? qmif;yef zgef:vDaO vh;uwf:bAefOdlof:Oj, bgef.ref: ehbof./

ayj;ar;? TOj,cl:OgefvD rD:ydif,nK,cof tefpkpefvgif;vD vgif;qj.qdlof:eef. cofauj; P;ayj:vgwf;umif: wmif:zdwf:OSefydlifaO vkuf;vmif:ehauj; eif,pdkofawvuf:vSrf OSrf:uj;eef. awvh;rD: uGmrf:Oif,Ogefedlofuefbof./bgef.eefsv; acj;uGmrf:Oif,Ogeftefoj;eh.yAef tefvrf,vgif;ej,? rD:uj;cefb[,ej,sv;auj.Oif,Ogefeef. zl;rD:ynf,nj,cof vmwf;oj; rdlefeif, ]auj.yef arj;tkrfcrf:}auj.yef arj;tkrfcrf:}auj.yef arj;tkrfcrf:}auj.yef arj;tkrfcrf:}auj.yef arj;tkrfcrf:}ehaOauj.arjxgrf,tof acj;Oif,Ogefqrf.oj; rdlefeif, ]auj.tefpyf.wkif:tof arj;tkrfcrf:}]auj.tefpyf.wkif:tof arj;tkrfcrf:}]auj.tefpyf.wkif:tof arj;tkrfcrf:}]auj.tefpyf.wkif:tof arj;tkrfcrf:}]auj.tefpyf.wkif:tof arj;tkrfcrf:}ehbof./

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yd kef:vifqmwf;yd kef:vifqmwf;yd kef:vifqmwf;yd kef:vifqmwf;yd kef:vifqmwf;rdlof;qmwf;edkif; aej,vgif:Tzj: yAefcldof:

ykef,ej: zl;rmuf;rD:auj.edkif;aO bl,Oof:wD;rdlif:uj,Odeef. rD:oh.vkuf;qmh:auj.edkif;bof./xdkifeif,oef:edkif;eef. ar:ref:wmhugj,ySwf;sv; ref:yAefvgif;Oif,ao, tdrf,wdluf;rdlof,qmef; qgrf:vgif;uj,raq:qdrf,aObof. Mif.tofvkuf; qmh:ref:aO ugj,pAwf:IaO. bl,xdlef,vlif pdroef,wj,eef.-ehbof./ rdlof;eef. rD:yguf;edkif; qlefqkrf:edkif;qrf. cof;qlefe[:omef; wD;edkif;aO wdngyf:yj: ulef:urf;zgif;rj:wj,tofq[.pAwf:cj;cof-ehbof./ e[:eef.Orf.rD:emif:bdif: auj.edkif; pmif;auj; pmif;vD?vmwf;auj; arjvmwf;aO Orf.rD:nmef, wj,vdif.vSefuof:ydlef;vh;eef.-ehbof./ ref:emif:oj; c[;tmyf,erf.Okuf;ODwlof sv; P;qlefcof idlif.so;yefref:emif: pmrf.uh tdwf:edkif;-ehbof./ zgif:eef. ref:emif: qif,vuf.vSef;ym h ;aO rj:zSo fxd ki f wD;Okr f.xAi fOmif,cmrf: tefqof;IaO.cjayj;vkuf; bl,Oof:oh.eef. bof./ emif:eef. Orf.uof:tofvkuf;qmh:IaO.eef.aO tmif;cdkifMif.rdlof:ugj,bl,qgrf:omef;qgrf:oAif:-ehbof./ emif:eef.Orf. ulofayj;qof;IaO.rj:pefsv; Oif,vmwf;oj; awtguf,ugj,y[.xj;tgefwmif:? qif,Orf.P;vkuf;qmh:IaO.eef. bgef:cGmif:ayj;ref:aO rj:qgrf: yj;vif-ehbof./ zgif:eef.qof;IaO.eef. qif,Oif,Ogef vkuf;qmh:ref:oj;-

]]odO> rj y#daOodwfaxj? yyjw> yIdoQfQb/ yifau q rj odODWdwfaxK? bwfaxj qjODodaO qaI/


110

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pSif:eef.w}}/vkuf;qmh:ref: (qmh:ej,IW) trf,pkwD; ygif,

ref:sv; qif,cdkef:xmrfbof./ qof;IaO.cdkef:Oyf:vSif:se-

]](1) tjOaoj wjw avKuOfr&? OkIjeKryokqfqwd/ yeknfanK OkIZD oUfUk? OjWk ckWfWIOlyarj/ odO> wWjpk tIdbj aO? FYpfrqIdbOfO eKIW/vkuf;qm h:©? e[:avj:ueh.erf.vof;eh. Mif.oj; ]Ol,Ij(cdlif;rof:)}bof./ref:qmif;pAwf:P; q[ulef:pof:rdkwf;ruf.? ref:rD:thmOSofvDxkuf,q[? ref:qmif;pAwf:P; pwf:pmef?rD:erf.qArf:omef tefvDc[;udefwlnf: rdlefeif, erf.zdkif;bof./ qmh:ej,Iw©? erf.vof;eef. qof;tIdbj, zl;ulef:vDcof oj;yAef]erf.ugif.} wj, zl;uBmif.urfvDcof-ehbof./

(2) tdwfxdabj wjw avKuOfr&? yrwfw>yrxAefwd wK/ pIefwd bkodaej qdwfw>? wlv>Z#f$>o rjvkawj/ yyjawj ataOj tufcjawj?FYpfrqIdbOfO ejIW/

vkuf;qmh:©? e[:avj:ueh. zl;bdif:uSuf:urf;zgif;qrf. qmif;arjbuof: P;ulef:qmh: auj.vlifvdkrf:qdlof:eef. qgrf:eif,umifq[cofvh;OAif;bl,bof./ rldefeif, vlrf:xgif:ekef;uknf tefzmwf,wlef;vrf:ref: ydofimh;eif,eef.aOcofqmif;qeftof q[zl;qmh:ekrf,ymefpm h:yof,ydofzlif.pAwf:vAef;sw.bof./ qmh:ej,IW©? emif:bdif:qdlif.eefeef. qof;tIdbj,zl;ulef:vDcofoK; yAef]zif,pdkuf:vj,p} wj,zl;uBmif.

urfvD cof-ehbof./(3) vjaZj Odavjauj OufujaIj? ylQj yI

ukavOk q/ yifauj ataOj q tufcjawj? FYpfrqIdbOfO ejIW/

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(5) tdOfOIje> tXdywDe>? e awO>yjWawj qaI/ tjODodaOjwd tufcjawj? FYpfrqIdbOfO ejIW/

qmh:ej,Iw©? ckef zl;rD:zkif:b[,qdlof:eef. tkyf.ydlif, eifvdefaObl,Oof:bof./wD;ckef zl;rD:tlpduf;zkif:b[,qdlof:eef. bj,ayugj, pAwf:auj.tdifzSif/ qmh:ej,Iw©? wD;ckeftkyf.ydlif,rdlif:qdlof:eef. bj,ayugj,bl,Oof: pdrf:qrfcof? ckefrdlif:eh. qof;tIdbj, zl;ulef:vDcofoj; yAef]il:pmh.ugif.cSef,} wj,zl;uBmif.urfvDcofehbof./

(6) Zwfwwfaxj Zwfwujav q? b>aUprkyOifuar/ bWAwfx ukOv> QnfnK?wwfx CKaOOe> qaI/

qmh:ej,Iw©? c[;vh;cof;Ogrf:sv; ayj:ugj,wkif:Ogrf:qdkif ugj,pjwkif: qgrf:wD;Ndef: tefvgwf; wmif:zdwf:pj;ydlifeef.w/ (Ndef:wkif:Ogrf: tefIpmef:cof udkif,vDso;qrf.- 1.Ndef:sr; rguf,bj;? 2.Ndef:srrmh;? 3.Ndef:Omofvlif?

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111

4.Ndef:ulef:wknf:? 5.uRif:Ipmef:bdif:-eh.bof.)

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qmh:ej,Iw©? ayj:udef coferf.wmif:udefqgrf:Ndef:ydlef;qdkif udefeif,udkif,udefulnf:? bj,ay udefvlef.udefvdlof eif,q[rD:q[ref:/

(7) aum#f$> rQfQ> udIj#nfq? OZKedudIEjed q/ tjIuj yIdoQfaQpd? bjeDo odOr>yx>/

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Ol,vmyf;ckefemif:? OD,OAef;wmif: bj,cmif:P;ao;uh/Ol,vmyf;ckefemif:? OD,OAef;wmif: bj,cmif:P;ao;uh/Ol,vmyf;ckefemif:? OD,OAef;wmif: bj,cmif:P;ao;uh/Ol,vmyf;ckefemif:? OD,OAef;wmif: bj,cmif:P;ao;uh/Ol,vmyf;ckefemif:? OD,OAef;wmif: bj,cmif:P;ao;uh/qdlof:eh.OD,xj,? yAefcAefwj,? OdefrBmwf;ej,qdlof:eh.OD,xj,? yAefcAefwj,? OdefrBmwf;ej,qdlof:eh.OD,xj,? yAefcAefwj,? OdefrBmwf;ej,qdlof:eh.OD,xj,? yAefcAefwj,? OdefrBmwf;ej,qdlof:eh.OD,xj,? yAefcAefwj,? OdefrBmwf;ej,

vkpmh/ vkpmh/ vkpmh/ vkpmh/ vkpmh/uAof,vlnf;ydkef:qmwf;Nofeh. e[:pvdWfWd

IjUqmwf;eef.auj; vmwf;oh.xSif;wD;edkif;bof./ ref:ydlif;uef wD;vgif;ydkef:ref: yAeftefvAofuefaO acj;Oif,Ogefref: Orf.ydlif;vmuf, uefoh.eef.ulnf:/

(1) abj aw odOfOjOab wjw? odOfOjOnfq carbB aw/ OkOfOlOD q wdwdufcDq? w> ZaQpd tdawj Uawj/

vkuf;qmh:©? ulef: auj.tefrj:rdkwf;udkof:r[:aO vgif;rdkwf,udkof:r[:eef.auj; ref:xkuf,q[bof.? uGmrf:r[:auj; arjxgrf,tofbof.? arjbdlef.

uef;awj,r[:bof.? wD;ulef:auj.eef. r[:ugj,tdifzSifpAwf:auj.w/

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(2) bOfO ujabe ojqjb? reOjewfxd Wkufu#>/ tkIODo ywd#f$jb? w>ZaQpd tdawj Uawj/

wD;ulef: auj.teftrf,rD:wmif:zdwf:vlnf; wlof? Olyf:? q[ umrf,Omrfydlifeef. r[:rmwf;wmef, rdlefsr;aO ugj,tdifzSif pAwf:auj.w/

wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefvgif;rd luf;?wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefvgif;rd luf;?wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefvgif;rd luf;?wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefvgif;rd luf;?wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefvgif;rd luf;?ugj,vdluf;pAwf:auj.w/ugj,vdluf;pAwf:auj.w/ugj,vdluf;pAwf:auj.w/ugj,vdluf;pAwf:auj.w/ugj,vdluf;pAwf:auj.w/(3) abj q Xrfare qIwd? qIefawjyd

e rnfnwd/ odOkWfXujI& Oyfynfn>? w>ZaQpd tdawj Uawj/

wD;ulef: auj.tefbl,qgrf: OkqIdwf; Omrfyj:Twj:vDrBmwf;aO trf,yAefrj,ebgef.vlnf;wmif:uBmif.vDref:? rD:vgif;qdkef;O[vlnf;qgrf:umefvDukOlof,? rD:ynfnj,wArfxlef;vDeef.r[:ugj, tdifzSifpAwf:auj.w/

wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefrmef,b[,?wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefrmef,b[,?wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefrmef,b[,?wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefrmef,b[,?wrf;wD;auj.tef? umif:bmefrmef,b[,? q[O[,Nrf;Mrf:w/ q[O[,Nrf;Mrf:w/ q[O[,Nrf;Mrf:w/ q[O[,Nrf;Mrf:w/ q[O[,Nrf;Mrf:w/

(4) pvdWfWdIjU> uydqdwfw>? ykIdO> IjUodIjUde>/ wjWdO> wjw rj aOod? edrfrekOfOrfydaq Odbj/

vkuf;qmh:©? ulef: auj.tefrD:q[Ij,u wdwf:Mh; rdlefrdef.? auj.rD:q[Oof,wAef;rdlefvdif:? auj.rD:q[puf.imh; qif:imh;eef. e[:ukefurf,zj,eh.ySif,aOref: yduf.Orf.oj; trf,rD:zl;wj,awpAwf:auj.auj; bj,ayugj,pjtdifzSifpAwf:auj.ref:w/

wD;tefauj.ruf.? arjpuf.qif:imh;?wD;tefauj.ruf.? arjpuf.qif:imh;?wD;tefauj.ruf.? arjpuf.qif:imh;?wD;tefauj.ruf.? arjpuf.qif:imh;?wD;tefauj.ruf.? arjpuf.qif:imh;?


112

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rpjyxH/ tjIuj yIdoQfaQpd? bjeDo odOrH yxH/ulef: auj.tefawj:Ob[, rdlefil:pof,?

auj.rdlefOAef;wmif:uGmif;vlif tdluf,ekuf:cD;eef.r[:so;uh" rd lefeif, avj.wmif,c lo f:euf:so;wmif: cgrf;eef.w/

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* ayj:id lif.so;uh? ulef:rd luf;eh?* ayj:id lif.so;uh? ulef:rd luf;eh?* ayj:id lif.so;uh? ulef:rd luf;eh?* ayj:id lif.so;uh? ulef:rd luf;eh?* ayj:id lif.so;uh? ulef:rd luf;eh? vgwf;cmef q[wkuf.bmuf;/ vgwf;cmef q[wkuf.bmuf;/ vgwf;cmef q[wkuf.bmuf;/ vgwf;cmef q[wkuf.bmuf;/ vgwf;cmef q[wkuf.bmuf;/qof;IaO. tofuGmrf:qdlof:eh.aO Oif,Ogef

yefvkuf;qmh:ref:xSif;eif,ehbl,bof./

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ymwf;? qlVejIWqmwf;/2. Qjwu#f$uxj(yyf.Omrf)? eouedymwf;?

pvdWfWIjUqmwf;/

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wmif:zdwf:vmwf;uGmrf:eSwf;(6)yd lifwmif:zdwf:vmwf;uGmrf:eSwf;(6)yd lifwmif:zdwf:vmwf;uGmrf:eSwf;(6)yd lifwmif:zdwf:vmwf;uGmrf:eSwf;(6)yd lifwmif:zdwf:vmwf;uGmrf:eSwf;(6)yd lif1. ujabjyd udvrdwujabjyd udvrdwujabjyd udvrdwujabjyd udvrdwujabjyd udvrdwd= wlofcdif:vh;Ndof.tlef;elef:/2. qdwfwrfyd tkypnfnwdqdwfwrfyd tkypnfnwdqdwfwrfyd tkypnfnwdqdwfwrfyd tkypnfnwdqdwfwrfyd tkypnfnwd= q[vh;Ndof.tlef;elef:/3. OaIjyd tkypnfnwdOaIjyd tkypnfnwdOaIjyd tkypnfnwdOaIjyd tkypnfnwdOaIjyd tkypnfnwd= OAifvh;vl./ (OAiftrf,rdlefydlifuof,)4. uefaWjyd tjwkIDbwduefaWjyd tjwkIDbwduefaWjyd tjwkIDbwduefaWjyd tjwkIDbwduefaWjyd tjwkIDbwd= wD;ulifacj:qmif;qAyf:OSyf,/5. todOWfXrdyd apjwd todanbB>todOWfXrdyd apjwd todanbB>todOWfXrdyd apjwd todanbB>todOWfXrdyd apjwd todanbB>todOWfXrdyd apjwd todanbB>= OAifacj;uGmrf:trf,ydkwf,ymif,? trf,qSif;/6. wIreOfO zjOdw>wIreOfO zjOdw>wIreOfO zjOdw>wIreOfO zjOdw>wIreOfO zjOdw>= ydlef;wmif,auj.trf,N.wD;ygif,ref:urf:vAof/

(tkyIdyefejO? tIeodzifUOkwf;)Omif,awj,(rdlif:ukwf;)

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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114

ulef:e[:avj:ueh. auj.edkif;sv;wif:auj.edkif; trf,rdlefuef? aw,tofpmif;zmif edkof.eif?wSrf,Olif? qef.xmef; quGj,ul;Orf,OSefydlifeef.bof./ awvh;oj; rdlof;pAwf:umefvDukOlof,eef. ySuf,ydlif;uefoh.bl,trf,zdwf:?? urf;zgif;qrf. pmif;vD? urf;zgif;qrf. pmif;q? urf;zgif;qrf. vkrf:vmif:yD;egif.erf ydlef;puf.? urf;zgif;qrf. trf,rD:yD;egif. ydlef;trf,Mif.vmwf;awj,?urf;zgif;qrf. ymh:bl,vDwArfxlef; vh;bl,rlef;Odlof:Oj,? urf;zgif.qrf. ymh:bl,vDtrf,uB quGj,eef.bof./

ulnf:uj; tefulef:? Owf:woj,pof:cof rldefuefsw. rD:bl,ydlifedkif;? eef.yAefvgif; wmheef.bof./ ulef:pof:eh. vgif;bl,vDOdlof:Oj,sw. z["auj;vh;q[? c[;vh;c[;rD:bl,aOw ayj:yAefvgif;wmhqrf. z["auj; trf,vh;q[? trf,c[;xlyf: c[;nj:/ ulnf:uj; vgif;wmheh. trf,Nrfqlrf:?

trf,pyf.wgef;ref:auj; ref:rj:ql:pof:bl,ul;rdkof.? ul;oef:? ul;cmof:bmrf:bof./ vgif;wmh rIeeh. bj,P;rj:ql:pof:ehaO tofclof:cgifzmuf,wgef;? tofidkef:crf:bdkef;ql:? Mrf:rdkof:oh;Oj?tofqef.xmef;tmrf:emwf;pmrf;auj; trf,vh;?urf:vdkef:rj: vh;uGj,ql:zDwmhrIebl,trf,pmif.bof./ ugyf;ydlof; Owf:woj,qdlof:rD:Omhq[wif:OAif;cofpmrf.wmyf;qdlif.pdkofauj; trf,vh;? Mif.ph;OSef,tguf,rguf,oj; pof:cj;yAefulef:zmef cmefq[atj;ygh,yefpof:zgif;ehauj; trf,vh;? pof:cj;yAefzl;rmuf;ulef:rD:atj; bj,tofOmhq[pof:uGj,? tofclof:idkef:clof:crf:uGj,rlwf:"sv;ehauj; trf,vh;? tofzkif:tlrkef wdkuf:awj:auj; trf,vh;sv; qif,vh;qdkof;oj; ]zDwmhrIe}eh/ wmif:wmheh. ymh;ugj,edlofumifpmof? ymh;uGj,ySyf.rSyf:e[:xrf;ulifvdkuf.? ymh;ugj,e[:erf.Orf,rkuf.wIj, qdlif.eif,pdkofauj; trf,vgwf;vh;ehbof./ (XrfryW? 128/)

trf,sy.auj; pwf:sc.bl,ptrf,sy.auj; pwf:sc.bl,ptrf,sy.auj; pwf:sc.bl,ptrf,sy.auj; pwf:sc.bl,ptrf,sy.auj; pwf:sc.bl,p

cdif:atj: wmif.bmef:

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wmif:wmheh. ref:trf,oj; vAuf.b[,ekrf,xof;? qef.xmef;wSrf,Okif? cmof:bmrf:qof.vj;auj; trf,oh.? urf;yj;erf trf,xmif,trf,xldrfOifaO ref:ayj:rj: Mif.tofuGj,bof./ ayj:rD:vgif;yAef (qjwd)auj; vgifwmh(rIe)eef. wdkef:qgrf:rj:bof./ ayj:rD:vgif;udlwf,auj; rD:vgif;wmhbof./

qj,wd qIj, rIe (vgif;udlwf,xof;wmh)eh.cofwdkef:yAefeif,tlnf:auj.uefoh./ auj.rmhedkif;qrf. tofykef;zgef: wj,ySwf.bguf,vSefOwf:woj,cofoj; wD;eef; vDOdlof:? vDrlef;? vDauBj,xlef;ehaO Mif.rj:rdlif:ulef:? rdlif:zD? rdlif:Omif?rdlif:tay,eef.bof./ auj.rmhOgifqrf. tofykef;zgef:y[.qgrf:wmif:? y[.ayj.xkyf.emuf; P;ayj:vlrf.qAyf:OSyf,/ auj.rmhOmrfqrf. tofykef; zgef:pAwf:P;vkwmheef.bof./ e[:uj; Owf:woj,wif:OAif;urf;zgif;auj; vh;cmrf,cofwif:Omrf auj.wAuf:iSef:yefwmif:wkuf.c? urf;zgif;qrf. vh;cmrf,wmif: auj.rmhedkif;sv;auj.rmhOmrf yefwmif:wkuf.cbl,bof./

e[:Omrfauj.eh. rmifyguf; auj.rmh Omrfeef.ydkefzmof, vgif;ygh:wdkuf:aO tofsy. uGj,auj;rD:?rmifyguf;auj; trf,ydkefzmofvgif;ygh: wdkuf:aO sy.uGj,auj;rD:eef.bof./ zl;wSrf;vduf; rD:tlnf:auj.qmh:tgef,auj;edkif; Omhq[awrD: rguf;(27)eh.ymh:bl,vDtrf,rdlefq[sv; uGj,se arjbj? arjbjcofauj; rj:ulwf,wlnf:vh;pkoj; rD: vlrf:emoftAwf:"ehsv; Orf:bj;bjemofaO vmwf;oj;ayj:xSif;Omrfoef: rj:secdkef: ehpmif:ref:qmh:? ref:qmh: rdlof:bl,Ndef:Omrf oef:aO rj:secdkef:? arjbjcof cdkef:ulwf,wlnf:xSif;aO vmwf;

oj; trf,rD:wmif:yAefOifbof.? vdlwf;sw. pSif:st,tdwf:"? ayj:c[:OGmif:xSif;auj;vh;? trf,OGmif:auj; trf,yAefOif ayj:udefvDrj:auj; awrdlefuof,rj:cdkef:ulnf: ehsv; ref:qmh:auj; c[;qAof:rdlefuof,ej,aO wkuf:P;arjbjcof OGmif:yefvdlwf;ref:qmh:bof./ zgif:wdkuf.OGmif: vdlwf;bl,eef. tofuwf:cof;wmif:e[:aO uGj,qgrf:zDwmhrIeurf:vAofeef.bof./ yD;egif. ref:qmh:sv;arjbjcof tgefuefwluf:q[wdkef, zmef;uGj,wmif:rlwf:eef.bof./

Orf.rD:xSif; qof;qmif:tgef,wlefedkif; cSyf:pmif;ref:qof; tefMh;oh.bl, wD;Nofegef:ref:eef.udlif:sv; ref:qof; qif,tofwif,eif;rgefaO cdkef;bdkef: sr:zSef? urf:eef. ref:qof; tofydef;wluf: wif,eif;aO uGj,qgrf:zDwmhrIeurf:vAofeef.bof./ rdlof;zl;wSrf;vduf; yAefvkuf;pAef: bl,uRif: rqlof:bAef, wD;oAif:wj;vdlof,eef.auj; rD:qof;qmif:tgef,wlefedkif; ugyf;ydlof;rh;pSif:ej,sv; rdlof;ref:qof;awegef:eef.qif,zknf,zuf: wlpl:vSif: wD;Nofegef:aOegef:bof.? zdlof,xdkif umife[rdlif:vSif:rj: uGj,yluf:eef. ref:qof; trf,rD:Omhq[bof.? ohm:vdkef:vh;pkoj; Omhvdlwf;tguf: atjcmwf,ehbof./

ayj:rj: wlnf:qdlof:eh. zDwhm rIeh. trf,ydkefzmof,ygh:wdkuf:aO tofsy.uGj,eef.bof./ urf;zgif;qrf. yAefwmif:yAefaIj:uj, tmef,NofyD? NofvdlefaO qif,awuGj,qgrf:zDwmh rIeeef.bof./ qdlof:eef. awvh;oj; zDwmh rIe ydkefzmof,ygh:wdkuf:aO sy.uGj,eef.bof./ ugyf;eef.zDwmhrIeeh. trf,y[.cmof:bmrf: trf,y[.tj,bkvAuf.?b[,eef.bof./ ayj:vh;cef,xj, rj:bof.


116

auj; cSefvlifzDwmhrIeeef. rj:vgrf. Myf;oh.bl, ul;bmrf:ul;cdif,eef.bof./ rdlefeif, vlwf.zj,? uj:wgif;? wluf:erf.? zh:rh;? il:Ouf:? zj.zj?yAefaIj:uj,ul;vm h:"ul;yd li f"aO tofwm hu g j,wif:erf bl,bof./

ayj:oj; udlwf,yAef(qj,wd)rj:bof. wj,awbl,Oof:uGj, tj,bkbmof:bdkef:eef. trf,wrf:q[vh;aOw wj,uGj,ql:zDwmh rIeeef.sw.ref:wdkef:se.egef:bl,bof./ ugyf;ydlof;eefrdlof;zDwmhrIe trf,yh,rj:ql:pof:? trf,yh,rj:xdkifpof:eef. vlof,pmif;pSef:oh. cdlif;bdyf:vmuf;emuf; wj,awpwf:awj,Ol;? pwf:sc.cAif,ref:tgefwmif:eef.bof./ ulef:auj. teftguf,cmof:wmif:uheef. eif,pdkof qgrf:wmif: ayj:awuGj,imh;rj:vlrf? trf,vh;rh;q[? P;imh;q[eef. vlof,pmif;pSef:clof:cgif wj,q[.qgrf:wmif: wArf"xlef;"aOqif,uGj,eef. qif,Omif,xkuf,bof./

qdlof:vkuf;pAef: cof;ygh:wgyf,vduf;cofauj; rdlof;yh,xdkifygh:wgyf,vduf;eef. vh;cwf:q[ tmef,vduf;oh. tgefwmif:ugef, qif,awwgyf,vh;bof./ ayj:pefyldef;wSrf;vduf;yj.oh. ej;zuf:wl omif:eef.oj; ]rD:rjarjclyf:atj;? oh.Owdcj;} eh eef.pof:ayj:vlof,pmif;pSef:wlofoh.xj;? trf,eef so;ySwf;uh"bof./ qdlof:Owf:woj, tefyhcmof:wmif:Orf,OjIj,eh.auj; awj;eef ayj: xdkifoef:ref:rj: zDwmhrIe awrj:ql:trf,pmif.? vgif;wmheh. zl;v[z[auj;ulof? vdlofzl;rD:Twj: cofqof;?

ulnf:uj; ulofbl,aOwauj; N.uj;awtrf,vgwf;ref:sv; eif,pdkofawpwf:sc.cSif, awj,Ol;? pwf:uGj,qgrf:ref:imh;"vlrf"eef. vlof,pmif;pSef:oh. vmuf;emuf;cdlif;bdyf:vD tgefwmif:eef.

bof./ cdlif;bdyf:vmuf;emuf;vDeef.sw. yAefTwj:ykwf.xqof; rIej,ekwf.Owdeef.bof./ rIej,ekwf.Owd tefoj;eh.qrf. yAefvgif;ckuf:clef.olef.pef vgif;wmhrIeeef.bof./ vgif;wmh rIeeh. qdlof:rD:Omhq[wmif:OAif; trf,bj,vgwf;vh;ehaO ckuf:clef.olef.pef vgif;wmhbl,rAof:eef.Mif.oj; rIej,ekwf.Owdzj,oej,ehbof./

ayj:ckuf:clef.olef.pef vgif;wmhrIe P;ayj:qyf:q[bl,ul;bmrf:ul;rdlof;eef. Mif.oj; rIej,ekwf.Owdzj,oej, ehbof./ vhm:ckuf: clef.olef.pef vgif;wmhrIeeh. ykwf.xqof; apj:yefulef: rdlif:tjvoD,cofeif,ehbof./ ]Ohmq[uofeh. trf,ref;udkrf:? yAeftedwf.? vgif;wmhrIesw. ref;udkrf: yAefedqfqTwj: tdlof;? uofawvh;whmbl,trf,pmif./ Omhq[uofeh. vgif;wmhyAefurf:vdkef:eef.bof.}ehaO P;ckuf:clef.olef.pefeif,ehbof.??

e[:odOkwf.xdrmuf; twf.xuxj yyf.edkif;?ej;vduf;(225)eef.auj; vmwf;se vguf:vmh:ckuf:clef.olef.pef rIej,ekwf.OwdqAwf:ydlifeif,wD:w[;eh.bof./

1. bOrpwfwawj-ckeftefvkrf:vmif:vdlif,rmuf;? yD;egif.tlnf:auj.erf rdlefeif, ckefrpj,Orf,rwsv; ckefOkwwf.Oe quGj,qdlof:eef. cofbif:uGj,qgrf: zDwmhrIebl,? auj.trf,rD:vkrf:vmif:erf qdlif.eif,uofeh. trf,vlof,vmwf;bof. wj,uGj,ql:zDwmhrIe eef.ehaO ckuf:clef.olef.pef vgif;wmhrIebof./

2. ykn rpwfwawj-zl;rmuf;b[,vlifaqj:wdu? qwdv? rAef,wucofauj; trf,ylef.

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e[:rdkof:zDwmhrIe? uofsw.trf,vlof,vmwf;bof. wj,uGj,ql:zDwmhrIeeef.ehaO ckuf:clef. olef.pef vgif;wmhrIebof.??

3. xjrrpwfwawj-ojOkaw,o? yvaw,o? zD,raOe-quGj,qdlof:ckefpSif:udkef: cofauj;bif:uGj,qgrf: zDwmhrIebl,? qdlof:pof: trf,rD:pSif:Oifeh.sw. trf,vlof,vmwf;bof. wj,uGj,ql:zDwmh rIeeef.ehaO ckuf:clef. olef.pefvgif;wmhrIeehbof./

4. tdWfXdrpwf wawj-zl;tl:rkefiof:pSif:ukdef: rdlefeif,qof; rguf.uvmef,auj; bif:trf,vgwf;wmif:wmh? qdlof:pof:ulef:blof:"eh.sw.trf,vlof,vmwf;bof. wj.uGj,ql:zDwmhrIe ehaO ckuf:clef.olef.pef vgif;wmhrIebof./

5. ynfnjrpwfwawj-zl; rD;nmef,ynf,nj, b[,pSif:udkef: rdlefeif, qof;Oj,Idykwf.wIj,auj; trf,vgwf;vh;wmif:wmh? qdlof:pof:Owf:woj,eh. trf,vlof,vmwf;bof. vgif;uGj,qgrf:zDwmhrIeehaO ckuf:clef.olef.pefvgif;wmhrIebof.??

6. yqfaquykWfX awj-Tzj:ywf.aq,uykwf.xj, cofqof;auj; trf,vgwf;vh; wmif:tofedyf.ymef,? qldof:pof:pj: eh.sw. trf,vlof,vmwf;bof. vgif;uGj,qgrf: zDwmhrIeehaOckuf:clef.olef.pefvgif;wmhrIebof./

7. OrfrjOrfYkwfXawj-Ykwf.xqof; auj;trf,vgwf; vgif;wmif:tofedyf.ymef,? qdlof:pof:pj:sw. vgwf;vmwf;bof.vgif;uGj,qgrf:zDwmhrIeehaO ckuf:clef.olef.pef vgif;wmhrIeehaO rD:qAwf:ydlifbof./

ayj:oj; ckuf:clef.olef.pef vgif;wmhrIe

bl,aO," ayj:ehqdkif vgif;q[ pSif.tgh,Mh; edlofwlofuof,sv; wlofydlef;eef.auj; awst,rmifrj:aO vgif;wkuf.ccmefq[? rh;q[? vdlwf,rh;q[ugyf;wlofydlef; wlofpof:eef.auj; aw bgrf:rj:bof./ayj:oj; xlyf:zDwmhrIeauj; trf,rD:vgif;ulofsp?wdkef,zmef;OifaO arjolef.oj; ]vgif;wmheh.trf,rD:uofulnf:? Owf:woj,wif: OAif;auj; vh;wmhqdlif.eif,uofbl,}ehaO trf,uj: awarjolef.vh;yj:umefvDukOlof, tefbmrf;pAwf: rj:eef.aO arjyefpSif:erf.q[? arjpwf:awj,Ol; zDwmhrIerj:eef.bof./

ayj:oj; arjolef. pefvgif;Oazj:Twj:qdlof:eh.aO q[ulof? q[wkdef,auj; trf,rD:aO q[qdkef;O[auj; yAefrj:ayj:ehqdkif wuf:Mwf;xdkifwD;vDOkwf: trf,pmif.eef.bof./ ydlifwSuf;ref:rdlefeif, ulef:auj.tefbl,e[: vyf:Odif,aOy[.vguf,pof:eef.bof./ ayj:pof: trf,pkoh.tgefwmif:eh pof:aw wluf:q[wdkef,zmef;? ulofspbl,?ayj:pof:pkoh. e[:bkrf:? e[vyf:Odif,eef. awrD:ulef:y[.vguf,pof: ayj:eh pof:trf,wdkef,zmef;?ulofspaO trf,uj: awoj;tmh;eef. ref:bgif,blof. rj:vguf,uofehbl,??

vgif;wmhrIeeh.auj; ayj:rD: vgif;yAefqj,wdauj; pkawj;awrD:vgif;wmhrIe bl,tefoj;eef. pkoh.bl,ul;auj.? vgif;wmhauj; ulofbl,? ulnf:uj; Orf.tgefuefvdkrf:ySwf; oh.vgif;wmheef.bof./ qdlof:eh. ugyf;yAefydlof;Oif vj,ayj:ehqdkifugyf;ydlof; trf,pmif;pSef:oh.eef.bof./ zl;auj.tefpmif;pSef:cdlif;bdyf:vmuf;emuf; oh.tgefwmif:eef.sw. trf,yAefeef? ugyf;ydlof; pkoh. awtofvmuf;emuf;cdlif;bdyf:qdlif.pdkofaO wdkuf:zDwmh


118

rIeeef.bof./ e[:uj; ulef:qdlof: tefarjpmif;pSef: vmuf;emuf;cdlif;bdyf:oh.tgef wmif:aOawj,Ol; zDwmhrIeeef. rD:ulef: auj.edkif;vDtofwgef;Ogef? vDbdlif;qdlif.eif, ref:sv;awvmwf;se zl;vlvduf;pof:cof wD;uSyf;ref:tdwf:edkif;/

qdkof;ref: Mif.oj; tl:zlof:vSif,ehbof./ tl:zlof:vSif,eh. yAefzl;rD: ynf,nj, e[:apj qof;ckefrif:wkif: wD;oAif:wj;vdlof,eef.bof.?? tl:zlof:vSif,eh. rdlof;tj,bk ref:b[,aO qrfawwmheef. arjbjcofauj;oj; trf,ayj:cmrf,pdkifawwmhbof.ehsv; ref:auj; trf,oh.q[ wdkef,zmef;? ulofspOifaO Mif.tof tlnf:auj.ref:rdlof;vAuf. tefqdkof;oj; tl:wlof:eef. rj:bl,qgrf:aO tkyf,uef vgif;rdlof;cjvAuf.eef. ayj:qgwf,ayj:aq:ehbof./ ayj:awegef:rj: q[.tlnf:auj.ref: tl:wlof: vgwf;zwf:yef rpj,Owdyxmef,ul;crf;ehbof./ cof;zuf:auj; udefteftlnf:auj.ref: pAwf:vAif.eef.ulnf:? tl:zlof:vSifeh. rD:vkuf;vmif: emif: ar:bl,auj;trf,q[.cofvkrf:vj:ref:/

ayj:vkuf; vmif:emif:sr:ref: rj:tSof,wlnf:ref:auj; trf,yefcof; cgif.egef:ref:ugef,ehbof.? ugyf;ydlof;ref: cwf:q[wwf:ySwf; Orf,abj:qAef, wD;vkuf;vmif:emif:sr:ref: ehbof./rD:crf;edkif; Mif.toftlnf:auj.ref: tl:wlof:eef. rj:pdrf:ref:aO vmwf;oj; ]tlnf:auj.?crf;eh. uofc[; egef:qof.tdwf:edkif;tdlof;? cSef:awj; r[:vgwf;zwf:yefuof Okwf;rpj,Owdyxmef, qof.tdwf:edkif;? ayj:uofyh,vyf:auj; r[:bj,vdkof;ej; ? ayj:uofegef:vyf:bof. r[:qif,

vdkof;ej;? ayj:OD,rgif: umife[ r[:rj:yluf:uofej.?uofawvkuf.oh;Tzj:tdlof;} ehpif:tlnf:auj.ref:/

tl:wlof:auj; trf,xAifOifaO vgwf;apj:yefOkwf;rpj,Owdyxmef, awj,ref:ayj:egef:vyf:eef.bof./ umife[ OD,rgif:rj: tl:wlof: uGj,yluf:ref: trf,rD:Omhq[bof.ehbof./ ayj:rj:wlnf:tof tl:zlof:vSif ehpmif;pSef:oh. vmuf;emuf;cdlif;bdyf:vDaO pwf:awj,Ol; zDwmhrIe?pwf:uGj,qgrf: zDwmhrIe eef.bof./ vgif;vkuf;vmif:emif:ar:ref:auj; ugyf;ydlof;wdkwf:cmwf,oh.Orf,abj:qAef, wD;cof tgefwmif:sv; trf,rD:vgif;vdlwf,rh;qgrf:Oif eef.bof./

vmh:pmif;pSef: cdlif;bdyf:vmuf;emuf; awj,Ol;zDwmhrIe tl:zlof:vSif,eh. vDtofyAef wgef;Ogef vDbdlif;qgrf:sw.bof./ zl;ulef:vD? zl;tmef,vduf;pof:cofauj; ayj:oef:edkif;rj: awvh;sc.cAif, ygh:wdkuf:zDwmhrIetrf,pmif.? ayj:nj:y g h : wd ku f :zDwm hrIeqd lo f :eef.rj:qd ki fawtofcdlif; bdyf: vmuf;emuf;vDqdlif.pdlofaOawj,Ol;zl;cAef zDwmhrIe? eh.pmif;pSef:oh.bof.pj./

trf,ay.auj; pwf:sc.bl,p tefoj;eef.P;arj xmrfwlnf:wlofuof,cdkef:? Oifqdlof.oj;yh,pmif;pSef:? yh,sc.cAif,eh awvh;oj; cdlif;bdyf:vmuf;emuf;pof: wdkuf.tAefpSif:tlef;bl,ehaOOdkyf,cwf:q[pAwf:Omif; pmif;pSef: cdlif;bdyf:vmuf;emuf;qof;uof, cSrf.cSrf.aO pwf:awj,Ol;? tofay.ugj,aOurf:/

cdif:atj:(wmif.bmef:)/

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

119

11111..... udlwf,rdlof;~ udlwf,rdlof;~ udlwf,rdlof;~ udlwf,rdlof;~ udlwf,rdlof;~yDrdlif:-1259 wlof? vuf:eD;yDwh:pkif.rlwf. vdlef(6)r[,(11)crf; oef:tmif:umef:/

2. wD;udlwf,~2. wD;udlwf,~2. wD;udlwf,~2. wD;udlwf,~2. wD;udlwf,~ rdlif:vgif: tdlif,ymif,uh, e[:vdefrdlif:ulwf.cmh OAef;oDMif,/

3. qdkof;ayj;sr;~3. qdkof;ayj;sr;~3. qdkof;ayj;sr;~3. qdkof;ayj;sr;~3. qdkof;ayj;sr;~cdif:Ogh;OSif (yAefarjvduf;vlif zmh,wSrf;zmh,vl? qmif;crf:auj;q[; arjbjauj;yAef) emh:Ogh;OSif(rdlif:vgif:)

4. yD;egif.~4. yD;egif.~4. yD;egif.~4. yD;egif.~4. yD;egif.~(1) emif:Olnf,(tguf,vhgqdkef;)(2) bD;uBmef,(yl,vghqAef;crf:O[)(3) Omrfavj:(Ogh;crf:Ndif:)(4) Oh,(yl,vghOSifNdif:)(5) emif:(emh:rmef,OSif)(6) qmh:(yl,vghbgwf;crf:)(7) eluf.(yl,vghpmof:OSif)

5. wmif:Olif~5. wmif:Olif~5. wmif:Olif~5. wmif:Olif~5. wmif:Olif~rdlof;vAuf. ymefyAefzovkuf;tgef,

vAif.olof:uGmh: arjch;cdlof: tvgif:qof;ao Oef,

Twj,? qof;rapj,OXj,sv; vkuf;tgef, vAif.olof:uGmh: uSwf,apj;yefolof:uGmh:ref:? vdlofaOeef. Olifzmh,vduf;vmh:? zmh,zdif;si; Mif.arjaOj,uGmrf: ch;tykrf,ygwf:tykrf,bmof:? tj,bkbif:yh,wArfOmof: tofwlofwdefrdkof: wlif.edkifpAwf:qgrf:bkwf.wd tjur vuf.cej, vgif;ugj,vgif;yhseyIdwf;Omwf; ulef:wif:vhmxkuf,NrSef;wjaO vh;auBj,Odlof:elof rdlefeif,(tmh;bD;qguf:wof:? Oax:NofoAif:pmifoAif: pAwf:cAofvgifuef? rkefqmif:aq:wof;? rkefqof;wuj,trf,pkeif,uef? cD;qdkif:se.yduf,Odlof;? Ogiftrf,pk? zlofOmefOgif: ar:bAyf.Odef;? Odkof.erf.ref:bgef:wj,vdlof? Tzj:Twj:Oif,cj,sv;trf,wmif,xD:) qdlof:eh. tofch;aee[:su;ulef: wmif:erfcof ayj:trf,pefNoftrf,pefwlof ulef:ulef:ch;ref:bof./

6. cmh.xguf,wD;wef:Oof:6. cmh.xguf,wD;wef:Oof:6. cmh.xguf,wD;wef:Oof:6. cmh.xguf,wD;wef:Oof:6. cmh.xguf,wD;wef:Oof:rdlof;tj,bkvh;(5)clyf,eef. ugyf;erf.

Olduf;ydkef:cl:arjvduf;vlif

tj:qmefvSif:-vmif:cdlof:

cdif:qAef;crf:O[


120

vlifegif:vkyf,Olefvkyf,omef; vkyf,ej:aOqif,cmh.rj:bl, rdlif:vgif: vkuf.rdlif:vgif:cmh.ugj,bl,NofzSwf;xSif; bl,NofzSwf;vh;(7)yD? cmh.ugj,bl,rdlif:Mrfvh;(5)yD? cmh.ugj,bl,rdlif:OSifrdlif:ayj;bof.Orf.cmh.rmef;umwf,rdlif:ayj;xSif; omh:eef.zmwf,bmefw[;wuf:ouf.cof, ayj;sr;ulef:xof;aO rj:bl,aq;vmef. yDrdlif:(1297)eD;tj,bkvh; (32)clyf, qif,rj: sw,ej;Ndef:qgrf:wmif:emh:OSifNdif: (cdlof:Ndef:ab:cof zmh,rdlif:ayj; e[:rdlif: aq;vmef.)

7/ erf.uwf.wArfwlof7/ erf.uwf.wArfwlof7/ erf.uwf.wArfwlof7/ erf.uwf.wArfwlof7/ erf.uwf.wArfwlofcdif:qAef;crf:O[eh. yAefauj.qmh:imef

rD:erf.uwf.vduf;wh: vduf;rmef; wmef;vmwf;vh;vD" zmh,vduf;wh: uwf.Mwf;zmuf,(yj,Iul,)ykef. arjvduf;ulnf:trf,uj: arjyj:vmh:uyBj,vif,uj, vmh:wSrf;vmh:vl uGmrf:tgef,uGmrf:vliferf.uGmrf:ygwf:uGmrf:bmof: uGmrf:bgyf,bgef; vef,wmif. vgif;clif: vgif;wSrf;auj;uwf. vgif;apj:auj;vSef, OAifvD vif,uj,tgef,_vlif vif,uj,qof;aej,crf: qof;auj:vD, qof;aoj:vsc.qdlof:eh. tlrftmef,qyf:Olyf:vh;wif:erf/

8/ wD;pAef:tof cl:vmh:zmh,avj:uD,8/ wD;pAef:tof cl:vmh:zmh,avj:uD,8/ wD;pAef:tof cl:vmh:zmh,avj:uD,8/ wD;pAef:tof cl:vmh:zmh,avj:uD,8/ wD;pAef:tof cl:vmh:zmh,avj:uD,rdlof;rD:bl,e[:arj,OSifcAof rdlif:ugif:? vh;

pAef:tof yj,vdvduf;wh: vduf;rmef; wrf;wD;cdif:Omif,Omrf rdlif:bmif: omh:aOeef. Omif,Omrfcmh. rj:bl,erf.crf:bof.auj; cmh.rj:bl,qgrf:wD;erf.crf:/

9/ xrf,ruxdusv; rpj,ej,bu9/ xrf,ruxdusv; rpj,ej,bu9/ xrf,ruxdusv; rpj,ej,bu9/ xrf,ruxdusv; rpj,ej,bu9/ xrf,ruxdusv; rpj,ej,butoftkyedwf.Ob wrf;wD;cdif:Omif,

Omrf pkvgif;Ozj,o qj,Idwf.w oj,Idwf.wOduf;cj,bdlif; aw,Oej,bkwf.wd tjurbkwf.wd Ozj,obkwf.wd Oj,Xubkwf.wdOD,ydliftif,uj, yIdwf;Omwf;pj;bdlif; tif,uj,ywdymwf;OD,bdlif;aOsv; qkrf:aqj:w rl,aq; erf.crf: aq;vmef. rdlif:oD: rdlif:arj, rdlif:bAefrmef;arj, rdlif:rdwf; OD,ayj. vj;OAof; uRuf.ar:rdlif:bmif: rdlif:ugif: rdlif:udkif vmh:cj; ymifvlif bkuf.wmif,yAefej,bu cdif:tkyf.Nofqkrf: xrf,ruxdu trf,uj: yAefyj:rpj,ej,buqof;edkif;bof./

10/vyf.vghid kef:10/vyf.vghid kef:10/vyf.vghid kef:10/vyf.vghid kef:10/vyf.vghid kef:yDrdlif:(1332)eD: vdlefpj;vgif;(4)crf;

vkuf.aq;vmef. rj:egef:vj;OAof;(5)cdkef:?rj:egef:OD,ayj.(2)ckdef:? uRuf.ar:(2)cdkef:?wlif,vmof:(3)cdkef: awj,xdkifrdlif:vmh:cj; wif;ymifTwj: uBmif.urfTwj:aO yDrdlif:(1332)eD;? yDOj,Oej, (2515)oj, vdlefuof;vyf: oef:qef umifcrf; (8)rgif:ymh tj,bkvh;(73)yD vyf.vghidkef:vhgcrf:ugj, wD;omef;ukif:rguf,qmrf rdlif:vmh:cj;bl,bof./

11/ vduf;tefref:qof;yBKoh.11/ vduf;tefref:qof;yBKoh.11/ vduf;tefref:qof;yBKoh.11/ vduf;tefref:qof;yBKoh.11/ vduf;tefref:qof;yBKoh.(1) aOjwjymefaevSif:(1-4)(2) edyfyjerufuwgjItrw(3) xrfrquBj,awOej,(4) xrfrquBj, tewf.wvufcej,

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

121

Owfquowf.xk(5) xrfuquBj, TOj,ojwOkif:rvif,uj,(6) ywdwfqOrkwfymwf;(7) xrfrodqfqjbe edyfymefyBuBmrf:(8) ynjaZjUOkcjoWprufuWDyeD(9) rufutrwwgjI xrfrqjIdwfw(10) xrfarjOxvmef:yBodywfOej,(11) xrfarjOxodowfw WkwdbwDyeD,(12) xrfrodqfqjIe edyfyjeuBmrf:(13) xrfrodqbOkwtjqjI(14) rufuacrj O>OjIjzBmwf;vmef:(15) acrjrufuatjojwOBL.zgh,(16) odywfOej,nmef, edyfymefvmef:yBj. atj:oj,W OBL.zgh,(17) yIdbwfwdtif,uj,pj;yj: Twj:uof;zkif,(18) vduf;rmuf,uRif:vlifaq;vmef.(19) vduf;rmuf,ygh:cmrf,Omif,uRif:cmh:rgef? rdlif:rdwf;(20) vduf;rmuf,ygh:wmif,xD: uRif:egifqmif.(21) vduf;rmuf,ygh:avj.qof;rmef;Mif,(22) ywdywj urfrxmef:

vdlofaOeef. vduf;Nofvl, vduf;bgef:Twj: vduf;bgif;abj:Oj,Oej, vduf;bmwf,erf. vduf;rmuf,ygh:Tzj: ygh:cmrf,Omif, ygh:avj.? vduf;zmuf,wgef; qdlof:eh.auj; wSrf;wif:erfbof./

zdkeftdif-1. Oj,Oej, xrf,rrufuyBrf,rqIdb Twj: se

wmif:uBmif.vD (rl,qkrf:xrf,r Oj, uwf.O,

oAif:erf.crf: yD-1333 eD;/2. wgif;xmrf cl:arjvduf;vlif vkif:wmif:su:

wD;Ndef:olif:oef: wlef;wD: yD-20063. cldof:aqj:wdsv; zdif;zj,Oj, (umef;crf:

Omif,Omrf)4. OmhvSif:Oj,Oej,Oefvgh(udef,eIj,urf,

aYj:q)/

Nrfqlrf:pyf.wgef;Nrfqlrf:pyf.wgef;Nrfqlrf:pyf.wgef;Nrfqlrf:pyf.wgef;Nrfqlrf:pyf.wgef;"qAifcrf:vSif: rhm-(21)""qAifcrf:vSif: rhm-(21)""qAifcrf:vSif: rhm-(21)""qAifcrf:vSif: rhm-(21)""qAifcrf:vSif: rhm-(21)"

qAif Nnf:wD;uldof:ukrfqAif Mif.Okrfydkef:N.qAif wgrfql.ydkef:rj:qAif xdkifrj:Omof:tAwf:qAif pAwf:umwfqdlof.qmwf;/

crf: pmif;vDrD:rkefcrf: pkdifOkefOmoftAwf:crf: rAwf:wdkwf.whm:qefcrf: pefxdkifrdlof:ej;crf: trf,ygh,zj;cdlof:/

vSif: xdkifwh:ul;cdlof:vSif: wdlof:yj:ul;yhm:vSif: bhm:ySwf;bkrf:wefvSif: N.pefxrf,rvSif: uBj.xdkifOmof:tAwf:bof.atj;/zgef:O[-(uAif:vdlef)-au:OD:/zgef:O[-(uAif:vdlef)-au:OD:/zgef:O[-(uAif:vdlef)-au:OD:/zgef:O[-(uAif:vdlef)-au:OD:/zgef:O[-(uAif:vdlef)-au:OD:/


122

1. udlwf,rdlof;~yDrdlif:-1209 wlof? vdlefNuf:r[,(10)crf; oef:Oof bmrf:umife[ ej;rdlif:qrfvSif:/2. wD;udlwf,~rdlif:cgef/3. ayj;sr;~vkif:Omif,uBj,+yj;uBj,at:/4. ayj;sr;qof; yAefwuj,cmrf,Omif,aO yAefOmif,rdlof;yDrdlif:(1220)eD;? vdlefySwf,r[,(8) crf;?qdkof;qof;wmif,Mif.oj; qof;Omif,eIdefwZdXQ/5. cdkef;qmif:rdlof;tj,bk(19)yDymh/6. pAef:xrf:~ ugyf;ydlof;nmef,z[:zmh wmif:cwf:q[wArfxlef;sv; ymefqof;Omif,(8)oj,ymefzoIpmef:(6)oj, e[:(14)oj;ehugh: uSef,qof;vlif.vSef,vuf:vSrf(ydwuwfwbaOu)e[:xrf:ydwumwf;Okwf:zif,ykef./7. yluf:ygifumefOj,Oej,

rdlif:cgefeh. tguf,OSifvdlif,sv; vkuf:arj,OSifrmuf,rldofugj,qgrf:clif;bmef: xkif.NofugifaO vifNdef:ayj:rD:ugj,(1000)ymhbof./ rdlof; ymefzlof:awj,zbj:eef. ylof,vrgif, (OlIauBcgif,)rdlif:crf: vh;cD,Odkuf:aOugj,wdkuf: rdlif:tj,Orf,aO

xdkifrj: rdlof;yDrdlif:(1183) eef.auj; ckefOdkuf:vlifyef,wkv tkyf.tofulef:Odkuf:(7000) wj,(34)wyf.aO cD,OmhOdkuf: rmef;arj, rdlif:ugif ugj,wdkuf:ay.rdlif:tj,Orf,sv; qif,vh;qdkof; ]]rpjyefwkv}}ehaO rdlof;eef. wh:sv;cmifrdlif:cgefeh. vh;cof;qgh;pSif: ulef:Odkuf:(1000)auj.wlojwh:zjurf, (ae,rAof:wAif:Ij,qj,) yAefzl;ugef:? wlojOBj,vOrf.yAefzl;uSrfbof./ rdlif:cgefeh. rD:e[:vdefrdlif:ugif aq;oAif:rdwf.uD:ej: pdrf:aq;oAif:wj;emh:eh. yAefvgif;rdlif:cgefygwf:tgef,wgef;edkif;bof./

qof;eIdef,wzdXqeh. yAefwleftefrD:zkif:umrf,yj,IrD,b[,? uSef,qof;bl,wD;rdlif:cgef(vkuf:arj,ywf:vdlif-ybdef:wkef:)sv; clif;bmef:yArf.vghNofugifeh. vh;(20)yDaOzlwf, tofvh;wh:? cmif? cBmif: tefxdkofzDOgif;zD vAif.rl? vAif.uh,? udefvof;? udefymif:zj;omif:ySwf;rj: yAefqmof:ykwf. tefbAefsi;tlef;tgef,eef.bl,/

xdkifrj:yDrdlif:(1230)eef. uSef,qof;abj:vlif:ugj, IwejylIwj;vdlof, ugj,ydkif;iof:

Olduf;ykdef: qof;wlefcl:vlif

qof;eIdefw(IjqUkIk)

tj:qmefvSif: - vmif:cdlof:

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

123

qof;TOj,ycmef:aO qof;apjcrf:rif: wkif:Orf.eyf.brfuSef,qof;sv; qif,egyf, tmyf;qkrf;]]eIdefwjZdXQ Xrfro>O OjOeyjv rpjXrfrIjQj XdIjQjUkIk}} aOtrf,uj:vl,wmef:rj: pkef,pmif:Tzj:(OkifOmrfOguf,)edkif;tlif:? vduf;(330)tif,uj,? yIdufcIj,sv;tduf,wif: clof:vl,clof:wmef:urf;zgif;bl,bof./

xdkifrj:yD(1242)eD;eef. uSef,qof;abj:cdif: vlif:rj: wj;vdlof,xSif;aO vh;Nyf.nj: qof;TOj,vlif QjUI(Olnf,udef,) tefwdkuf.yguf;OD,Nof,rj:sv; ckefapjcrf: OD,ayj.Orf. egyf,tmyf;qkrf; ]]eIdefwjZdXQ ODIdyoIOjOeaQjwdu rpjXrfrIjQjXd IjQUkIk}}xSif;vlif,edkif;bof./

xdkifrj:yD(1251)eD;eef. qof;zvlifrdlif: vkuf;ckefrdlif:vlifuAif rdlif:yl,wof: wif:qof;zcrf:wD;(7)qof; vh;bdef:cmof,imof: qdkof;OAifuSef,qof;aO qif,oh;vof;zdwf;ymif:sv; vh;rj:yluf:ygifOj,Oej, rdlif:crf:wD;pdkifOmrfoj,/

xdkifrj:yD(1253)eD; vdlefqAifr[,(7)crf;eef. wh:rdlif:tj,Orf,cof tguf,uyf:Odkyf,uefwif:Nofugif? crf:wD;qdlof:eh. Orf.oh;vof;zdwf;ymif:sv; uSef,qof;auj; pyf.rguf,bj;cof;wSuf,aO qif,vwf:cmrf; pmof:vhgvlifej,U vkuf.wD;OAef;wmif:vlifvDwlof, yh,ugj,rdlif:tj,Orf,xSif;bof./ zgif:rdlof;eef. uSef,qof;rj:wD;omef;ukefaq;ukif:aO ugj,apj:Twj:wD;omef;ckrf, urf:tgefwmif:ref: wj,ySwf,oef:yduf:yduf:bof./vkuf.omef;eh.aO cof;ugj,oAif:aOj:wD:bj:

abj:ugj,omef;yD;egif.cmif omef;wdluf;zj vkuf.aO omef;eh. Odkyf,ugj,omef;edrfvl:? Oof:bl,wD;eh; (20)oef:aO Odkyf,cmof:wmif: ugj,omef;wkrfOj, cdkef:edkif;? omef;yD;Oj,cdkef:edkif;bof.tguf,cmof:wmif:ugj, omef;ymifOlef? omef;eh.wh:sv;cmif xifbl,qgrf:uefaO uSef,qof;cmrf:xifbl,(7) oef:bof. Odkyf,ugj,omef;rxif?omef;rdlif:ugif:? omef;tkuf:vkuf:? omef;woj,rIj,bof. omef;yD; cmifqdlof:eh. ygif,q[vgif;umrf,sv; zgef:vDumrf, qmwf;eh.qmwf;ej; tefuSef,qof; apj:seeef.aO tgefuefpyf.tof OIEukef,Omrfbdlif; cldif;urfyef; Odefpj;aO zj;ySwf;vgif; eyf.xdkofzD vgif;vAif.rlvAif.uh.qdlof:eh.bof./

vkuf.aOomef;eh.bof. Odkyf,ugj,omef;zjau:? yl,au,omef; (ulef:uAyf:cgef, zjOD vlifygifqdkif;) vkif:bD;xmefsv; yj:qArfzl;Nrf;q[vAofuef vkif:bD;emef:? tmh;rlof:? bD;tgif,cofwj,(25) vifNdef: wif:omef;auj; zj;ySwf;udlif:Oif,cj,ygrf (udlif:ygh:uRif:)aO rj:pyf. tofacj;Oif,OgeftgefvDbof./ vdlofaOeef.ulef:Ndef:ulnf:aOtrf,uj: rkefqof;tefcof;e[:udlif:Oif,cj,ygrfqdlof:eef.auj; cof;rj:Ogef;Nrf;iof: uSef,qof;pof:aO cof;Odrf,cmrf,Ipmef:r[,xSif;bof./ vkuf.aOomef;zjau:qif,abj: ugj,omef;wj;ygif, omef,tdif,xgif,omef;eAef;wj; omef;yj,o[ omef;erf.wdkif:xSif;vmhoef:bof. ej;cof;oj,eh. uSefqof;trf,vdkof;trf,Oof: cof;omef;edkif; tguf,omef;


124

edkif;aO Odkyf,cmof:wmif:sz;Oj,Oej,ugj,rdlif:aOj:wD:bj: e[:vdefrdlif:qof;zvlif]]qof;Oj,}} tkyf.ydlif,eef.aO ugj,Oof:wD;omef;wh: omef;uRif:crf: urf:edkif;? ugyf;qof;zvlif vh;q[umefyluf:ygif OjOej,sv; e[:vdefrldif:ref:tkyf.eef. omef;wh: rdlefeif,omef;cmhvdef: omef;erf.umh: omef;erf.Omh:omef;erf.vgif; omef;Odlof,Omwf, omef;Olefykbj;qdlof:eh. qgh;wif;xrf: ymifygh:Twj:yeful;omef;ul;ej:bof./

vkuf.aO omef;uRif:crf:bof. cdkef:odef,rj: omef;zjau:aO wuj,cof qif,Omif;uRif:cj: uRif:Omif,cmrf: vl,yef wD;tdef,xgif,aO uSef,qof;cof;oj, wD;owf.eh. wj,yD (1254)eD;aO zgi f :e[:oj, Omr fvd lefeh.uSef,qof;tofugifxrf:ph,se yD;egif.wh: yD;egif.cmifcof rj:xgrf,ayj:trf,cmef.vh;bof./

omh:aOtguf,oj,bof. uSef,qof; qlof:tof qof;oj,br (uRif:crf:)? qof;tdef,awj:zj,O? qof;uefwrj, udlif:Oif,cj,ygrf vlif:rj:wj;vdlof, sv; cofqof;vh;rj: ydkif;Nrf;iof: Oif,cIj,qj, Oj,Oej,ySif, qof;TOj,wgif,ckef,?qof;TOj,Olnf,udef, qof;TOj,ycmef:aO cofOmrfqof; vh;pyf.tofyIdwf;cIj, cof;Odrf,nmyf;nmwf;wd urf,roj,xSif;bof./

omh:aOeef. cofqof;wh: OD,wlefqif,yj:uef yguf;rdlof:rdlif:tj,Orf,cdkef: rdlof:yluf:ygifOj,Oej,xSif;bof./ xdkifrj:yD(1255)eD;eef. wh:omef;zjau: tgefNof tofwmif:

tAefpSif:yD;egif.cmif qgh;xSrf qif,Omif;uRif:ySef;vlif vl,yefuSef,qof;sv; uSef,qof;qif,O[,yefqdkof;owf. ]]taYj:xj,Ij,r}}ehbof./

uSef, qof;tofoj, wD;owf. tayj:xj,Ij,reh.bl,(7) oj,? e[:rdlif:tj,Orf,(10)yDvkrf:"aO tofomef; zjau:? rvlif? ovkwf.?wj;ygif,? erf.wdkif: pAwf:Okefumif tgif;wD;sz;Oj,Oej,aO tguf,yluf:ygif umefOj,Oej,ao,Oj,vD? auj:Orf.zD,? awj:eD,bj,rdlif:wD;qdlof:eh.bof./ xdkifrj:yD (1262)eD;vdlefpj;vgif;eef. Orf,rkwf;Odrf,vlif omef;uRif:crf: vdlefNuf:vgif;(11)crf;eef. Orf,rkwf;Odrf, owf.tj,ayj:xj,Ij,r omef;zjau:aO xdkifrj:vdlef(7)r[,(12)crf; tofowf.tj,ayj:xj,Ij,r tmyf;yefway:qof; qof;uodef,wj,Oj,Ibof. omh:aO tofowf.sv; tj,ej, tmyf;bof. uSef,qof;qif,abj:cdif: oAif:udef:wyf.aO rj:tofoj, wD;uRif:qof;TOj,yulof:eef. oj,edkif;bof./

xdkifrj:vdlef(12)qif,vlif: rj:wj;vdlof,aO vdlefqAifr[,(4)crf;eef. qif,qAef:umyf;Ogrf:Oif,cj, wj;vdlof, wj,(1000)pAif wlefbof./ ayj:bof.qif,qlof:tof qof;TOj,oqD,Ij,Ij,rsv; Oif,cj, qgrf:yj;vifurf;zgif;abj:ugj,oh;cAof;uSof; rdlif:OD,Nof,bof./ xdkifrj:yD(1263)eD; vdlefpj;vgif; qif,yguf;zSofcdkef:rdlif:cgefaO qif,rj:pyf.tof owf.vlifapjodpmeftefwuj,cof bdlif:tmef:uSef,qof;aO uSef,

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ydkef:uSyf;uSef,qof;eh. ]]vh;tdifwD;vduf;pdef tefwguf,oh. wD;ckrf? wSrf;oh. vduf;yj,vd wif:vduf;rmef;}} rdlof;yDOj,Oej, (2400)yDeef.bof./ ckrfsv;cSyf:pdefeh. qof;uodef,wOj,Irax, auj.q[.wguf,oh.aO rdlof;vAofrD:wD;ugif:Okif" zmhcGjpdrf:zif,sr;erf.Nuf:omef;zjau: rdlif:tj,Orf, wgef;Mif, e[:qdkif;tdef:wD:bj:bof./ vgif;yluf:ygifOj,Oej, rdlif:tj,Orf,(ao,Oj,vD,)eh. xluf:xgeftofzdkeftgefiof; e[:vduf;o[vmef:uof, wSrf;zj,Oj,yifuvD, rD:e[:yyf.]]ydkef:ykwf.xOj,Oej,rdlif:tj,Orf,-tj,Orf,rD:bj,}}bof./ vgif;

tef uSef,qof; ugj,yluf:ygifOj,Oej, sz;vh;erfwmef,eh. bgef.pSif:ukif,OdefOD,v Orj,Xd ynj,qof;bof./

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126

tgef, Orf.rj:qAef:cof;Ogrf:e[sv; vh;pefOdlofvlifeef. tj;Olyf:ref:aO iofegef:wD;ugifzh:eef.bl,? e[:q[rkefqmif:olef.oj;]]Oifuof tofxmef,zh: O[,e[:Olyf:Odlofeh.ref:aw wluf:q[vSef;ymh;}}ehbof./ urf:eef. Odlofwdkef,rj: ygh,OAifcmif:ref: ygh,cAof;ref:urf:vAof? urf:eef. uSef,qof; qif,tofrdkof:sp.pmrf;ej; OdlofaOoj; ]]wmif,yguf;cmof:eh.bj,ayrj: wD;ugif: zh:eh.xSif;}}ehbof./(2) qmif.zdluf,rdefrj:e[:uRif:(2) qmif.zdluf,rdefrj:e[:uRif:(2) qmif.zdluf,rdefrj:e[:uRif:(2) qmif.zdluf,rdefrj:e[:uRif:(2) qmif.zdluf,rdefrj:e[:uRif:

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130

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- eif,pmif; bmrf;idef:oj;]]ulef:qldof:tef ukrfuefeef. yAefulef: vh;qkrf;vh;cl:umrf.erf}}eh trf,q[;p/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- eef.sw.auj; q[;bl,eif,uof,? ulnf:uj; qkrf;cl: tefcofvh;eef. Orf.yAefqkrf;cl: tefuyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;vduf;yldef; uGmrf:yldef;?tdifvlnf; vgif;vlif.vSef, vduf;yldef; uGmrf:yldef;wmef,bj,aO Orf.rj:tkyf,uef cldof:vduf;qmof:cldof:qof;uof,? tofuGmrf:qmof:cldof:qof;uof,aOukrfuefej,? ref:wkdef:qmif;xAifueftldof;/qkrf; tefcofvh;rj:eef.auj; Orf.ymhtrf,q[;qkrf; tefuyf:umh,vlnf;vgif;vduf;aO yAefqkrf;tefuyf:umh,vlnf;]vgif;rmuf;rD:-oj;? ymh:arjbj-oj,? vgif;wlef;rh.-oj,? vgif;xmwf;-oj, qldof:eh.vl:/ rmifauj. Orf.cSef:ej,bof.? wif:zkduf:Orf.zkduf:oh.umefOkduf:aO rj:vmwf;uGmrf:vduf;vmh:oj,/ wD;sw.ref: umefvduf;auj; vlof,tofulef:zkduf:zgef.oh. vgif;vduf;aO tkyf,uefqif,qmif;vh; tefqkdof;q[;ref:tldof;/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- ayj:eefaw. c[;oj;]]qkrf;cl: tefcofvh;rj:eef. yAefvgif;vduf;yldef; uGmrf:yldef;aO wj,vduf; qmof:cldof:wlofuof,aw. wkduf.yAefqef.rl,vulnf:}}ehp/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- vgif;eef.aw. eif,pkbl,eef.ej,/ ulef:pof:eh. bmrf;udefOifauj; qmif;qyf:bdef.eef.tldof;? vgif;eh. vgrfwlnf: cD;vof; cD;bj;cofauj; pkbof./ bgef.bmrf; udefvof; udefbj;sv; yAefaz: wj,wlofuof,auj;wkduf.Okdyf,c[;udefbl, cldof:"b[:"bof./

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- vgif;eef. ref:qmif;ugj, uyf:umh,uefOif wif:umeftkyf,uef vgif;vduf;vmh:vj,/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- pAwf:Oifsv; trf,uyf:umh,vj,? e[:umefvduf;vmh:wh:eh.auj; ayj:yhg,ulef:tefbmrf;pAef:tofvduf;yldef;qldof:eef. rj:uSofymifref:ej,zSof Orf.qmif;tofvduf;wh: yAefway:vduf;yldef;? Ogef;w[;yldifyldef;ugj,tldof;/ ulef:wh: qldof:bmrf;pAef:tofvduf;yldef;eef.auj;ref:qmif;tof yldifvduf;yldef; rj:Nrf,irf: vduf;pof:? trf,eefauj; qmif;tofvduf;pof: ugj,aOj.w[;cgifvduf;yldef;tldof;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- qldif.eefaw.auj; q[;bl,eif,uof,vh/ ayj:xgrf,wlnf: uGmrf:ulef:pof: tefukrfuefvgif;vduf;pof:eef. urf;zgif;auj; bgef. bmrf;b[,qgrf:vduf;yj,vdrj:sv; tofyldifyj,vdeef.rj:pAwf:TOj,vduf;wh:? urf;zgif;auj; bgef. bmrf;b[,qgrf:vduf;rmef;? vduf;xh:? vduf;tSif:uvAwf;rj:sv; ayj:rj:pjvmwf;vgif;vduf;wh:auj; ugj,tdiftofyldifvduf;rmef;? vduf;xh:? vduf;tSif:uvAwf;qldof:eef.aO rj:pAwf:TOj, vduf;wh:sw.eif,uof,tldof;/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- rSef;oj;rSef;bof./ e[:cmof:wmif:rldof;vAofeh. Orf.vldofrj:xSif;ugef,vl:? ulef:qldof:tef bmrf;ugj,b[,qgrf:vduf;sc,rj:eef.auj;sp;oj;]]e[:vduf;wh:eh. vlof,xSif;OAif]tAof}}ehaO trf,arjbl, e[:yldifvduf;wh:aOolef.sv; wif:ymhugj,vmuf;tof ozSwf:qgrf:zguf,(ozSwf:Ogifwlof)vlifeef. rj:qdrf e[:yldifvduf;wh:ugef,vl:/

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wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- urf:ekdif;ugef,vl:? ayj:O[,pAwf:eefqkdif ulef:wh:pof: Orf.awarjvlbl,p uofoj;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- P;oj;]arj}ehsw. pkdofawyAefvj,/cgif e[:yldifsr;vduf;wh: wrf.trf,wgef.yj:vl:oZSwf:Ogifwlofeef./ ulef:O[,ref:aw.bgef.ref: bmrf;bgif,qgrf:uGmrf:yldef;bof.sv;arjoj;tguf,OAif eif,ref: bmrf;pAwf: way:yldef;eef.aOw wj,wh:teftrf,bgif,qgrf:uGmrf:yldef;eef.aw. vh;wmif:uGifq[ulnf:? pAwf:P;yldifvduf;wh: yAefyldifvduf;vkuf;ckdif;(uyBj:) ulnf:tldof;/ ]]vduf;wlofv[ tguf,OAifeif,pkdof}} tefoj;eef. ruf:ref;tofpif:ulnf:auj.vAofaOayj:ulef:erf trf,ruf:ref;qgrf:eh. ref:wkdef:trf,Omif,xkuf,/ awj;trf,vldofaO arjtguf,OAifOkef,wlof eif,eluf.wgif.avj:eef.ugef,vj;? OAiftguf,ref:eef. wh:urf;zgif;qlnf.oj;]]wgif.avj:Jwgif.avj:}}? urf;zgif;Orf.qlnf.oj;]]tl;tlnf:Jtl;tlnf:}}? rmef;cof Orf.qlnf.oj;]]tkuf.atj: tkuf.atj:}}ehugef,vl:/ eh.qkdif e[:ydlifvduf;wh: trf,wgef.rD:sv; rj:O[,xSif; wlofvduf;qldif.eefqldif.eh?yldifwSrf; qldif.eefqldif.ehaO ruf:ref;tofpif:ulnf:auj.vAofrAof:eef.aw. erf.q[ c[;bkuf.bgif; vduf;wh:p? c[;buof:vduf;wh:p-Orf.ayj:trf,qmif;vmwf;qgrf:bof./

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- urf:ugef,vl:? ulef:olef.tguf,rj: vgif;teftofyldifvduf;yldef; rj:avj:yldifvduf;wh:qldof:eef.auj; blofcofyAefvkuf;ckdif;eif,uof,blof./

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- eef.aw. vldofaOsr;cof z[awugj,pkqgrf:vj, r[:auj;? rguf;uj;emef.aw. bjqgrf:

qD:qhg:avj,? ref:yAef umefsr;cofulnf:vl:/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- trf,oj;eif,uof,ej:/ ulef:pof:eh.ayj:yAefvkuf;ckdif;auj; wmif:olef.ref: qmif;avj:sv:eef.ej,/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- urf:ekdif;ugef,vl:? wh:eh. wD;sw.ref: vduf; tefvlof,cyf:ckdiftguf,eh. erfuBvl:? rldefeif, yyf.uGmrf:wh:(tzdxmef,)? yyf.OSefOrf,? yyf.ydef,zmhqldof:eh.qugj, tefvlof,wSrf;ref: Orf.ayj:cyf."ckdof:"sv; trf,wSrf;aO Orf.ukrf,tgefuef rj:uof:sr;vduf;wh:? sr:ckdif sr;vduf;wh:oj; vlof,wSrf;eif,eef eif,eh-ehvlifbl,wduf:"vj, uofoj;/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- blofcof arjuj;emef.ulnf:eif,uof,blof./ ayj:cofarjvldofeef.aw. cofwmef,wSrf;vh;vldofeef.rj:bl,tldof;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- sw.tdlof;arj.? ayj:vgrfwlnf:yldef;Orf.ayj:xkdifugj, eldofvldef eldofvmofbof.sv;pof:Orf. ukyf,uefrldof;v[ trf,rldof;v[auj; vgif;sr;vduf;? vgif;ucibl,wj,aO,oj,/ pmif;vDq[pkdef.pmef.oh.eif,uof,tldof;/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- vgif;eef. oh.aOugef,vj;? ayj:eefauj; yldifvduf;wh: teftrf,bldif;yldef;eef. Orf.rl defpk doftefoj;eef.auj; vDvmwf;sebl,zgif;eif,uof,blof./

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- vDvmwf;tldof;? vDvmwf;tldof;/ yldifvduf;wh: teftrf,rldefyldef;vguf:ekdif;aw. rD:acj;Mif.ref:auj;vD? trf,rD:acj;Mif.ref:auj;vD wkdef:avj:wlofvduf;ref:oh. e[:sr;vduf;urf:vAofeef.bof./ yldifwSuf;ref: rldefeif,


132

wD;tefoj;]uof-uof,-uof;-uof: uof.}ehqldof:eef. uof-eef. ygif,oj;]uofcj;? uofclef:}}?uof,-eef. ygif,oj; uof,Oof;? uof;-eef.ygif,oj; ]uof;tef? uof;-uguf:Nof? uof:-eef.ygif,oj; ]wofuof:? buof:}? uof.-eef. ygif,oj;]uof. tefyAefqmof:eluf.? uof.iof;}}ehqldof:eh.aOw ulnf:uj; wD;tefoj;]eof-eof,-eof;-eof:-eof.}}qldof:eef.aw. eof sv;eof.-Ogifacj;eef. awj,xkdifoef:rldof;eh.wh:auj.v[ yh,qmif;tofwSrf; wj,uGmrf:wh: acj;v[/ulnf:uj; trf,rD:acj;Mif.ref: eif,eefaOwwlofref:aw. wkdef:avj:oh. e[:sr;vduf;urf:vAofbof./ e[:sr;vduf;wh: tefrldefeif,eefeef. rD:wif:erfbof./ ulnf:uj; vgif;eef.trf,q[;yldif tefc[;oj;/ tefc[;oj;aw. vduf;wh:eh. ref:trf,rldefeif,vduf; tSif:uvAwf;?vduf;tSif:uvAwf;aw. vlof,wlofv[auj; vlduf;avj:tofwlofeef.? rldefeif, rD:oj; cat ehaOw ayj:xkdifwD; d-e-f-g-y-z qldof:eef.aw. c[;rD:oj; dat-eat-fat-gat-yat-zat-eh qif,rD:? trf,c[;rD:auj;trf,rD: rAof:eef.bof./ vlof,wlofvduf; wj,tofwSrf;rmhqgrf:acj;uGmrf:rAof:v[auj; qif,avj:tofwlofeef.ulnf:bof./ ulnf:uj; vduf;wh:aw. trf,q[;eif,eef vlof,auj;vD? trf,vlof,auj;vD? wkdef:wrf:yldifvAofaO avj:oh. oj;]]uif-uif,-uif;-uif:-uif.? umif-umif,-umif; umif:-umif.? udif-udif,-u di f ;-u di f :-u di f . ? u Ai f-u Ai f , u Ai f ;-u Ai f :-uAif.}ehugj,rlwf:bof./

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- q[;tldfof;aej;? vgif;eef. ulef:wh:urf;zgif; Orf.trf,ygif,q[aO wD;wkdwf.Ogif

wmif,ozSwf:(tldof)eef.auj; Orf.vmuf;tof ozSwf: rj:O[,xSif;wlofekdif;aOsv; yAefugj,]]tldofof}}ehoj,/ wD;sw.ref: ayj:wD; ozSwf:sv; rD:Ogifwlofeif,eefauj; wD;-uf-if-nf-wf-ef-yf-rf-qldof:eef.auj; vlof,rD: OgifwlofOgifwlofaO yAefugj,]]uldufuf-uldifif-uldnfnf-uldwfwf-uldefef-uldyfyf-uldyfyf-uldrfrf-ehrlwf: eif,oj;eef.tldof;aej;/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- vgif;eef. oh.aOugef,vj;? trf,xkuf,auj; vlduf;vlnf; trf,xkuf,sv;? vmwf;qgrf:erfauj; Okrf:vlrf:? wSrf;erfauj; OAif;sq;OAif;erf.rkduf.? pAwf:P;ej;vduf;erf? yyf.ejrj:ulnf:? zldof,vmwf;vgif;eef. wvmwf;vgif;wmif,qldof. wmif,yldifvj; wawvDvldofrj:/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- ayj:eefauj; yldifvduf;wh: teftrf,qgrf:ydlifyldef;aO qkuf:befeldofyldifOkef,wlofeef. vDP;ulef:wh: ul;auj." pkxkdiftldof;aej;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- vDpkzSofavj,? yAefwh: oj;trf,pkyldifvduf;wh:eh. wkdef:qmif;xmif,b[,yldifvduf;yldef;wif:ykduf:aO tofvduf;wh: ugj,Ogef; w[;yldifvduf;yldef;eef.ej,-wmif:zdwf:ref:/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- yldifvduf;wh:eh. vmh:cyf.umrf: sr;vgrf;ref:aw. z[? arjv[ cyf.umrf:rj:e[:yyf.v[auj;wrf.trf,yldif;uef trf,q[;p/ z[cyf.auj; sw,tof u awj, t rldefuefrlwf:bl,vl:/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- vgif;eef.aw. q[;tldof;? tefvmh:cyf.umrf:rldefuefeh. vgif;cyf. rmhwlef:OAifeef.auj; trf,yldif;uefeif,uof,? rmhOAif yof,?buf:? buf:qrf;? qrf;ej;? qrf;w[;-eh rldef

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uefrlwf:bof./ ulnf:uj; vmh:cyf. wmif,rAof:aw.trf,q[;eif,eef? yldif;uefoh. wmef,bj,tldof;/awj;trf,Oif vmh:cyf.umrf: sr;zSwf:ref:eef.ulnf: ayj:yldif;bof.ej,/ ayj:bof.wlofv[bof. Orf.vlof,tofwlofv[ rj:umrf:eef.tldof;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,-q[;tldof;aej;? tefOkuf.Omuf.vldofyldef;eh. yAefvgif;umrf: of (ozSwf:)tldof;/ urf;zgif;auj; tofref:ugj,O[,e[:uldif: ]OI}tefoj;eef.aO umrf: oj,/ wD;sw.ref: wlofzSwf:vduf;wh: tefq[.wkdof: wj,uGmrf:wh:eh. rD:oh.]uf-if-nf-wf-ef-yf-rf-of}ehySwf,wlofulnf:trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ Oifumrf:ugj, uyf:"wmrf:" eif,sr;vgrf;ref:rD:eef.auj; ayj:vDbof.vl:/

wly f ,wly f ,wly f ,wly f ,wly f ,-urf:ekdif;ugef,vl:? ]OI}tefoj;eef.vl: vlof,ukrfuefyj:vgif;ref:bl,blof./

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,-q[;tldof;? vlof,ukrftldof;/ wD;sw.ref:OItefoj;eef. iof;ij,ref:sw. yAefuGmrf:yj,vdaO rD:wD;ygif,oj;]]OAif? ykdef(umif)? bldof;bj;(rAof:ekdif;)? egif(tldif,)ehqldof:eh.tldof;/ wD;tefruf:ref;oj; wlofvduf; yAef]OI}eef.ygif,oj; ]]wlofvduf; tefrD:OAif}}ehtldof;/ ref:yAefuGmrf:q[. wj,vduf;yj,vdtldof;? e[:wlofvduf;yj,vd 41-wlofeef. wj,ySwf,wlof tefyAef]]t-tj-td-tD-tk-tl-at-atj}}eheef. ruf:ref;oj; cofyAef]OI}? (wlofvduf;tefrD:OAif)ehaO tefukdwf:wj, 33wlofeef. Orf.Mif.oj;]yBhqe}? yAefwlofvduf;trf,rD:OAif? vlof,vh;ykdif;]OI}ugef, qif,tguf,OAifrj:vh;? wlduf;wD;oj; wSrf;oh.]u}ehauj; e[:]u}eef. rD:]t}? ayj:wSrf;oj;]ud}ehauj; e[:u

eef. rD:]td}vlof,vh; ygif,q[eif,ehoj,/ ayj:trf,c[;wSrf;yj: wlofOIaw. vlof,wSrf;oj; ]uf-cf-if}ehulnf:oj,/ ulnf:uj; vgif;eef.aw.ref:yAefyldifvduf;yj,vdulnf:/ tofvmwf; wj,vduf;wh:aw. trf,xkuf,/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,-ayj:eefauj; wj,vduf;wh: ayj:oj;]]vduf; wloftefrD:OAif}}ehqkdif sw,tof]u}awj,]t} rD:OAifrlwf:bof.ej,/ qldof:yAef sr;uyf: tefyAef]-j? -d? -D? -g(=cBj:? wmif,? wmif,Omwf;uSef? Mh;)}qugj,qldof:eef.ulnf:tldof;trf,rD:OAif/ yldiftefoj; vduf;rD:OAif? trf,rD:OAifeh. yAefyldifvduf;yj,vdulnf:? trf,q[; yldifvduf;wh:/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,-tldof;Jbgef.eefej,? vduf;wh:eh.ayj:ruf:ref;oj;]]wlofOI? wlofyBh,qe}}eheif,yj,vd? eif,vduf;rmef;qldof:eef.aw.wkdef:trf,yAefymifsv; qldof:yAef]u-c-i}qugj,18wlo fql do f:eef. qif,qyf:qk do f;oj;]]sr;vgrf;}}? ]-j? -d? -D? -g}qugj,qldof:eef. qif,qyf:qkdof;]]sr;uyf:}}? ayj:vh;wSrf;yj:wlofzSwf:qldof:eef.auj; qif,qyf:qkdof;oj;]]sr;zSwf:}}eh trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ wj,wlef:OAifqldof:eef.auj; wh:wif:rlwf: ayj:tgefuefMif.oj;]]rmhwlef:OAif}}ehbof.sv,? qmif;vloftofvduf;pof: ugj,pAwf:way:vduf;yldef;aOsv; Mif.oj;]]OI? yBhqe}}eh pAwf:Oif/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,-q[;tldof;aej;? vduf;wh: rmifwlofeh.ap;oj;]OI}oj,? wlofwkdwf.? wlofwmif,? wlofzSwf: qldof:eef.auj; Orf.O[,yj:bl,/ ayj:xkdifwD;oj; vmh:avj:wlofvduf;ref:auj; Orf.oj; ]]u


134

wkdwf. wmif, o zSwf:=ukdof? u wkdwf.Ogif wmif,o zSwf:=uldof}}ehvlifugj,ulnf:eif,uof,/ Orf.trf,vgwf;oj;yj: vgif;wkdwf. vgif;wmif, vgif;zSwf:qldof:eef.eif,uof,/ wD;sw.ref: rldof;cyf.umrf:se OItefoj;eef. Orf.oj;]tkdoftldof}eh qldof:eef. yAefOIoj,/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- ayj:eefauj; P;ref:ayj:Omif,xkuf,eef. trf,vlof,Mif.oj;]]OI}}avj,aej;/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- q[;tldof;? trf,vlof,Mif./ qArfrldof;qof.auj;]tkdof? tldof} qldof:eef. tofO[,e[: uldif:sr;zSwf:oj; ]]tof? tmof? tdof? tAof? tSof? tlof?tkdof? tldof}}ehaOsv; Ogefuefoj; t ozSwf:-tof? ttjygwf: ozSwf:-tmof? twmif,ozSwf:tdof? tatwmif,ozSwf:-tAof? tstwmif, ozSwf;-tSof? twkdwf.OgifozSwf: tlof?twkdwf.wmif, ozSwf:-tkdof? twkdwf.Ogif wmif,ozSwf:tldof}}ehulnf:ej,/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- q[;tldof;? e[:yldifvduf;wh:pof: ymefuof,?rldof;yh,yAef vduf;OAifwSwf;rj:eef.auj; rD:oh.]]tof tdof tkof tkdof}}ehaO xkdifwD; yAefvduf;OAifwSwf;rj: wD;]tof}eef. qif,yAefrj: ]toftmof}ehOgifwlof? wD;]tdof}eef. qif,yAefrj:]tdof-tAof-tSof}ehOmrfwlof? wD;]tkof}eef.qif,yAefrj:]tlof}}ehaO wD;]tkdof}eef. qif,yAefrj:]tkdof-tldof}}ehOgifwlofvl:aej;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- ayj:eefauj; vgif;oj; wlofvduf;tefyj:wlofzSwf:eef. trf,ukdif,vD Mif.oj;]]OI? vlof,Ogef,cof; e[:qkrf: sr;zSwf:ulnf:}} eheef.aw. q[;bof./ tefav,uh.

idef:yldef;oj;]]sr;zSwf:OAifcmwf,? sr;zSwf:OAifvif}}eheef.vl:/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- tkdof;Jvgif;eef.aw. ref:yAef ymh:olef. ulef:wh:pof:cof tefvlif.vSef, cldif;whg,wkdif,aO rj:vmwf;qgrf: e[:umefvduf;vmh:tldof;/wj,ulef:vlif.vSef, cldif;wgh,wkdif;cofaw. cofvlof,ruf:ref;oj; ]]whg,eAeftefv[? vAwf:OmhOAef;v[? wAuf:oh. cuf.v[? yhg,cuf.v[-yAefOAifcmwf,? whg,eAeftefv[? vAwf:OmhOAef;v[?wAuf:oh.cuf.v[? yhg,cuf.v[-yAefOAifvif}}eh ref:yAef wj,vmwf; e[:cldif;whg,wkdif; uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/ tofvmwf;e[:yldifvduf;aw. trf,ayj:Omif,xkuf,uj;pkdof vlifvmifeif,uof,/ ugyf;Oifayj:eh? ugyf;oj; vduf;eh. ykdif; cldif;whg,wkdif;aOyAefvduf;rj: trf,q[;? cldif;whg,wkdif; vh;ykdif;vduf;aO qif,ruf:ref;vh; OAiftguf,ref:rj:ulnf:/uGmrf:vmwf;eh. rD:rj: tgefwmif:vduf;? rD:uGmrf:vmwf;bof. qif,rD:rj:vduf;? vduf;Orf. rD:rj:tgefwmif: cldif;whg,wkdif;-pAwf:ehtldof; yldifyAefcof/ bgef.eefsv; cldif;whg,wkdif; tefrD:rj:vkdef:vduf;eef. tofref:rj:pAwf:TOj,vduf;aw. trf,ayj:Omif,xkuf,-c[;oj;ehtldof;/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- q[;tldof;? q[;tldof;/ vgif;ref:trf,Omif,xkuf,eef. trf,ugrf.vgif;eef.ulnf:ej?vldofaOeef. ayj:tofvmh:eef.vmwf;qkdifyldifcyf.umrf: sr;zSwf:vduf;wh:auj; trf,ugj,uyf:"wmrf:"bof./ sr;zSwf:OAifcmwf,tefoj;eef.bgef.oj; yAef]uf-wf-yf}ehaO vldofaOqdlof:eef. qif,oj; ]sr;zSwf:OAifvif}ehsv; vmh:cyf.umrf: sr;zSwf:ref: trf,qgrf:yldifsr;vgrf;

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ref:rD:bof./ e[:yldifsr;vgrf;eef. ayj:]u}bof. rj:]c}? ayj:]c}bof. rj:]i} pAwf:ehvlifugj, awj,]t}trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ xkdifwD; umrf: sr:zSwf:auj; ayj:]uf}bof. vlof,yAef]if-nf} pAwf:ehvlifugj,ugef, qif,yAefyldifsr;vduf;tldof;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- q[;tldof;aej;? vmh:cyf.umrf: sr;zSwf:eef. ayj:qgrf:eif,yldifsr;vgrff;rD:eef.qkdif wj,cyf.acj;uGmrf: e[:yyf.uGmrf:wh: (tzdxmef,wh:)auj;imh;? bgef.pkyldifumrf:vduf;wh:oh.e[:sr;vduf;sv; wj,pjwlnf:acj;uGmrf: e[:yyf.uGmrf:wh:auj; trf,bmyf,eef.ej,/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- ayj:eef vgif;sr;zSwf:OAifcmwf, oj,?sr;zSwf:OAifvif oj, ehqldof:eef. trf, vlof,vh;vmwf;aObof.p/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- vmwf;aw. vmwf;vh;bl,ulnf:/ ulnf:uj; ref:yAefuGmrf: wj,zl;bdyf:cldifwhg,wkdif,cofvmwf;-eheef.ej,/ rAof:uGmrf:eh. ]uGmrf:wrf;ij;-oj,? uGmrf:qof;rkef-oj,? uGmrf:ckef-oj,}ehrD:oh. uGmrf:z[,uGmrf:ref:bl,vl:aej;/ uGmrf:z[ auj;ref:awvmwf;tldof;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- ayj:eefauj; yldifumrf:sr;zSwf:vduf;wh:ySwf,wlof tefq[.wkdof: wj,uGmrf:wh:eef.aw. vlof,cyf.ugj,uyf:"wmrf:" eif,sr;vgrf:rD:]]uf-if-nf-wf-ef-yf-rf-of}}ehtldof;aej;/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- tldof;Jpof:aw. vh;q[eif,eefbof./ ayj:cyf.eif,eefaw. ygif,oj;]]trf,tof yldifcldif;whg,wkdif;oj;? tofyldifsr;vgrf;vduf;wh:oj;}}ehtldof;/ vduf;auj; tofyldifvduf;oj; eif,eefaw. wkdef:xkuf,bof./

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- urf:ekdif;ugef,vl:? wlofzSwf:vduf;wh:rD:oh.]uf-if-nf-wf-ef-yf-rf-of}eh ySwf,wlofeh? tefyAef]qf-Of-If-vf}qldof:eef.vl:?pmif;av,uh.pef yldef; tofwSrf;bl, yAefwD;yAefyguf;eif,uof,vj,/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- ulef:wSrf;ref: trf,ayj:vSef, sr;vduf;wh:vD uj;emef.ekdif;ugj;/ wD;sw.ref:e[:sr;vduf;wh:eh. teftof]qf-Of-If-vf}aO ylifOgefuefoh. wrf.trf,rD:aOsr;vl:/trf,rD:yldifsv; oj;tofwSrf;eh. ayj:trf,q[;ulef:trf,vSef,sr;vduf;wh:auj; vh;oj;ulef:uof: yldifvduf;wh:ulnf:bof./

wlyf,wly f,wly f,wly f,wly f,- ayj:eef tefq[.e[:vduf;yj,vdeef.vl:? pmif;vh;pefyj:]qf-Of-vf}qldof:eh.bl,vj,/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- e[:yj,vdaw. q[;ugj;? tefpof:oj;bl, rldof;vAofeh. yAefvgif;vduf;wh: teftofwSrf; wj,uGmrf:wh:ulnf:vl:/ ayj:vmwf;yj: vgif;tofvduf;wh: wSrf;uGmrf:yj,vdeef.aw. rD:yj:qf-Of-vf-Vf}qdlof:eh.tldof;/ ulnf:uj;-If aw.e[:vduf;yj,vdauj; wkdef:trf,rD:vj:vj:/ tefauj.eef. auj.eh. av,uh.tofwSrf;oh.qldof:eef.aw. ayj:trf,q[; ulef:trf,vlif.vSef,sr;vduf;auj; yAefulef:trf,olef.OD,olef.pj;Oifsv;pAwf:uj;emef.ekdif;ugj;/ ayj:eef auj;vgif;cyf.wlofzSwf:ref:eef.aw. cyf. qgrf:eif, yldifsr;vgrf;rD:eef.aw. q[;bof.? vgif;cyf.wlofMif:ref:eef.vl:-Orf.awcyf. ugj,eif,pkdofvj,/


136

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- vgif;eef.aw. pefxkdifoj; vDtofyldifvduf;uof, wif:ydlifvduf;r[,(vduf;OAifwSwf;)aOsv; cyf.ugj,tldof;/ uyf:umh,vlnf; uf (uzSwf:)aO yldifvduf;uof, bmrf;rD:oh. oj;]]uuf-uduf-ukufuguf-ukduf}}eh pj;wD; trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ xkdifwD;vlof,cyf.wj,ymefr[,auj; wD;]uuf}eef. yAefrj:]]uuf-umuf}}ehOgifwD;? wD;]uduf}eef. yAefrj:]]uduf-uAuf-uSuf}ehOmrfwD;? wD;]ukuf}eef.yAefrj:]]ukuf-uluf}}ehOgifwD;? wD;]uguf}eef.aw. ymefuof, wif:ymefr[, rldefuefaO ayj:xkdifwD;]ukduf}eef. Orf.yAefrj:]]ukduf-ulduf}}ehOgifwD;? wif:rlwf: yAefugj,Odyf:wD;vl:/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- rSef;bof.? ayj:eefauj; uyf:umh,vlnf;sr;zSwf:eh. Nofpkyf;ref: awvh;pef-1. uuf if { wf ef yf rf of2. umuf if { wf ef yf rf of3. uduf if { wf ef yf rf of4. uAuf if { wf ef yf rf of5. uSuf if { wf ef yf rf of6. ukuf if nf wf ef yf rf {7. uluf if nf wf ef yf rf of8. uguf if { wf ef yf rf {9. ukduf if nf wf ef yf rf of

10. ulduf if nf wf ef yf rf ofehtldof;aej;/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- q[;tldof;? ayj:cyf.eif,ehaw. vh;oj;bl,e[:yldifvduf;pof:aO pjvmh:cyf.cgrf; ref:oh.sv; yldifvduf;yldef;auj; trf,Nrf,irf: vduf;pof:?zl;vAyf;pAef:pof:cofauj; wgif:imh;? wj,vlof, cyf.acj;vduf; e[:yyf. e[:zkdefauj; yAefyl dif

ugj,urf:vAof? ayj:vh;pAef:oh. vmh:eif,ehqkdif ayj:vlof,pj acj;uGmrf: e[:yyf. uGmrf:(tzdxmef,)wh:rj:auj; imh;q[urf:vAof-ehqugj, zgef:vDref:erfsw.tldof;/

wSewSewSewSewSef,- ayj:eefauj; yAefugj, ]uuf-umuf-uduf-uAuf-uAuf-ukuf-uluf-uguf-ukduf-ulduf}eh Odyf: wD;eef.aw. q[;bof.? vmh:wSrf; tefyj: uGmh. w[;rldefeif,]]uGuf-uGmuf}}eheef.auj; rD:ugef,vl:?wj,qldof:eef. Orf.awpAwf:pkdofumrf:vj,/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- tkdof;Jwlofqldof:eef.aw. acj;q[.ref: trf,erfOifuj;pkdofvl:? awj.sw. rD:tofwD;]u-c-O-w-y}qldof:eh.ulnf: trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ vldofaOeef. OAiftefyj:uGmh.w[;eef.eif,pmif; trf,ayj:c[;q[;OAifuGmrf:wh:vD"auj;vlof"ae;/ bgef.acj;q[.ref: trf,ayj:rD:erfsv; rldefeif,]uGif}eef. tofumrf:O[,omh:vif]uif.}? ]uGmif}eef. Orf.tofumrf:O[,omh:vif]umif.}eef.auj; vh;bof./

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- ayj:tofumrf:O[, zmh,vif]udlif} Orf.yAefpkdofvj,/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- ayj:vgrfwlnf:vduf;ydlef;wmif,cldof:rldefeif,vduf;rmef;cofaw. pAwf:eeftldof;?ugyf;oj; wlof]uB-Fu-ug}Omrfwlofeh. cof Ogef,yAef sr;OAifOgef.sv; cofqif,oh.eif,eefbof./ ulnf:uj; wj,vduf;wh: tefq[.wj,uGmrf:wh:aw. sr;OAifOgef.eh. Ogef,oh.]uB-Fu}ehOgifwlofulnf:/ wlof]-g}(Mh;)eef.aw. bgef.cof;yj: e[:sr;Mif:Odyf:wlof wD;rmhxlef;ySwf,eef.bof.ej,/ bgef.eef tefyj:OAifuGmh. w[;

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rldefeif, uGuf sv; uGmuf qldof:eh.auj; Orf.vkuf.wD;Mh;aO bAef:yAefrj:sv; P;ayj:ukdif,oh.omh:vif]uldif}aw. trf,ayj:xkuf,eif,uof,/ vDoh.wD;zmh,vif uif. sv; umif. eef.ulnf:/ yldifekdif;auj; ref:yAefacj;uGmrf: tefcof;rj:qdrf tdwf:tgwf:ulnf:eif,oj;eef.bof./

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,-ayj:eef vgif;umrf:sr;Mif: Odyf:wD;?trf,eef Odyf:OgifwD;eef. yAefugj, ]u-f? uG-f?um-f? uGm-f? ud-f? uA-f? uS-f? uk-f? ul-f? ug-f? ukd-f? uld-f}ehaw. ]]q[;bof.}}oj;ehaOugef,vj;? vmh:cyf.umrf: sr;uyf: qldof:yAef]]-j -d -D}}qldof: eef.vl:? Orf.awolef.eif,pkdofvj,/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- eef.auj; imh;imh;ulnf:? tdifeldof yldifcyf. sr:zSwf:eef.aO cyf.auj; bof.bof./

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- sr;Mif: wj,sr;zSwf: Odyf:wif,tefyAef ]]u-um-ud-uA-uS-uk-ul-ug-ukd-uld}}ehqldof:eef. yAefTOj, wj,umrf: sr;uyf:bof./wlnf:tofyldifeef.aO umrf:ugj,oj;]]u-uj-ud-uD-au-su-uk-ul-auj-u[-uh-umh-uhg}}ehauj; vh;bof.ej,/ wj,]u}aw.auj; tofrj: wD;sr;vgrf;ref:aO ]uj}eef. Orf.vkuf.wD;]um}aOrj:pAwf:ehvlifugj,tldof;/ yldifvduf;wh: vgif;tof]u}sv; ]-j} wSrf;uyf:uefeh. ayj:Ogifcj bl,qgrf:uefulnf:? trf,rD:wlofumh,-wlofzSwf:Oifaw.tgefuefq[.(-j)wlofbmof:? ayj:vlof,wSrf;uyf:umh,ckdef:sv; wlofzSwf:qdlof:eef. Orf.tgefuefq[.(-m)wlofygwf:-pAwf:eh trf,q[;pkdof,vj,/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- urf:ekdif;ugef,vl:? vgif;cyf.sr;uyf:eh. pmif;av,uh.pef yldef;tofwlof t rj:wSrf;

O[, oh.oj;]]t-tj-td-tD}}ehqugj, trf,q[;p/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- vduf;wh:eh. wlof]u}rj: tgefwmif:yldef;Okwf:sv; wkdef:vlof,tof]u}O[,tldof;/tefsr;vgrf; wSrf;O[,avj:sr;uyf:oh.oj;]]t-tj-td-tD-at-st-tk-tl-atj-t[-th-tmh-tgh}}ehqldof:eef. wkdef:awtrf,vh;oj;yAef]]OI}]ehvj:vj:/ awvh;oj; ]]yAefvmh:cyf.umrf: sr;vduf;? ayj:tof sr;uyf:tefv[uyf:sebof. Orf.vlof,tofsr;uyf:tefv[ rj:uyf:xSif;}}eh uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/ bgef.eefsv; vgif;oj;]]t-tj-td-tD}}ehqugj,qldof:eef. tofsr;vgrf; wlofv[ wSrf;O[,avj:oh. auj;vh;/ qldif.eif, vkuf;tgef,zkduf:vmwf;uGmrf:eef.aO tofwlof]w}wSrf;O[,avj:oh.oj;]]w-wj-wd-wD-aw-sw-wk-wl}}ehqugj,auj;vh;/ vkuf;tgef, zkduf:vmwf;uGmrf:eh. umrf.erf vmwf;tguf,OAif]w}trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ ulnf:uj; vduf;wh:aw. bgef.oj;e[:sr;vgrf;qldof:eef. wlof]u}rj:tgefwmif:sv; tof]u}wSrf;O[,oh.oj;]]u-uj-ud-uD-au-su-uk-ul-auj-u[-uh-umh-uhg}}eheef. Omif,xkuf,vldofyldef;bof./yAefwj,wgif: vmh:cyf.wlofvduf;ulnf:vlif/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- ayj:eefauj; tefumrf:oh.oj;]]u-uj-ud-uD}}ehqldof:eef. ]]Orf.tdifeldifyldif qldif.pdkofaO umrf:oh.? trf,bldif;vduf;yldef; wmif,cldof:p}}ayj:oj;ehrj: Orf.awoj;pkdofvj,/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- eef.aw. tdiftofyldifcyf.umrf: sr;Mif: tefMif:vif sr;zSwf:oh.? tefyAef-uuf-umuf-uduf-uAuf-uSuf-ukuf-uluf-uguf-ehql do f:eef.aO umrf:oh.tldof;/ wD;]uuf}eef. tof]u}?


138

wD;]umuf}eef.tof]uj}? wD;]uduf} tof]ud}? wD;]uAuf}eef. tof]au}? wD;]uSuf,}eef. tof]su}?wD;]ukuf}eef. tof]uk}? wD;]uluf}eef. tof]ul}?wD;]uguf}eef.aw. Orf.bAef:yAef]auj}rj:tldof;/ -g(Mh;)sv; wif:]a-j}eh. e[:yldifvduf;wh:trf,rD:rmhrD;oh.oj; ]]yAefwlofydef,wlofyh,uef}}ehaOw e[:yldifvduf;yj,vdaw. nj:rldof:]a-j}tofpAwf:]-g} (Mh;-tofpAwf:]o})auj;rD:? nj:rldof;tof]-g}(Mh;) pAwf:]a-j}auj;rD;tldof;/ eef.aw.yAefyldifvduf;yj,vdugj;/ bgef.eefsv; wD;Mh;]-g}eef. qif,yAef]a-j}rj:tldof;/ e[:yldifsr;zSwf: trf,rD:]uDuf}aOw wj,sr;uyf:iof;aw.wkdef:vlof,sv; vh;O[,oh. zmh,vif]-d}(ud) eef.aO yAefugj,]ud-uD}ehtldof;/ ulnf:uj; teftrf,rD:vgif;ugif.umh,uef wif:sr;zSwf: aOtdwf: tefyAef]]u[-uh-umh-uhg}} qldof:eef.aw. vh;cyf.oh.zmh,vifyldef;Okwf:tldof;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- yldifcyf. sr;uyf:eh. tdiftofyldifumrf:sr;zSwf:rD:eef.aO umrf:oh.oj;]]u-uj ud-uD-au-su-uk-ul-auj-u[-uh-umh-uhg}}ehaw. q[;bof.? ayj:eefauj; sr;uyf: wif:sr;zSwf:eh.Orf.awtoftefv[ oh.zmh,ej;? toftefv[oh.zmh,vifvj,/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- vgif;eef. yldifvduf;ymefuof,pof:rD:oh.aw. ayj:sr;vgrf;bof. qif,rj: sr;uyf:? ayj:sr;uyf:bof. qif,rj: sr;zSwf:? ayj:sr;zSwf:bof. qif,rj: sr;OAifOgef. qldof:yAef]uB-Fu}qldof:eef.tldof;/ vldofaOeef. ayj:qldof:eef. Okwf:rlwf:bof. Orf.vh;Ogefwlofpif:acj tefoj;]]Tzj:-Twj:-apjOSif-apjcrf:-

olif.-vkd(vlnf;)-©}}ehxSif;qAwf:wlofugef,tldof;/ e[:qAwf:wlofqldof:eef. tefq[.bl,ymefrldof; vAofaw. ukdwf:]]Tzj:-Twj:-©}}ehOmrfwlofulnf: bof./ tefoj;]]apjOSif-apjcrf:olif.}}ehqldof: eef. rD:wlofwSrf;pif:acj?awtrf,vh ;to f vm h :wlofavj:eif,rD:e[:yldifsr;vduf; aOwSrf;-pAwf:ehtldof;/ wlofqldof:eef. e[: zdkefvduf;uof, vduf;rgef wkduf.vh;pefbl,tldof;/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- ayj:eefauj; yldifoh.omif:sr;vduf;eh.ekdif;-sr;vgrf;? Ogif-sr;uyf:? Omrf-sr;zSwf:?OD,-sr;OAifOgef.}}eh yldifbkuf:bmif,ref:rD:oh.eif,ehtldof;aej;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- q[;bof.? vmh:eef.bof.? ayj:yh,seyef sr;uyf:ref:sv; ugj,ql:sr;zSwf:urf:vAofauj; trf,Omif,xkuf,eif,oj;/ ayj:bmrf;pefsr; uyf:oj;]]u-uj ud-uD-au-su-uk-ul-auj-u[-uh-umh-uhg}}ehbof.aw. vgif;oj;]umuf}eef.vkuf.wD; ]uj}rj:? ]uduf-uAuf-uSuf-ukuf-uluf-uguf}qldof:eef. vkuf.wD;]]ud-au-su-uk-ul-auj}rj:eh pkygif,urf: vAofbof./ ulnf:uj; tefyAef]ukduf-ulduf}qldof: eef.aw. vh;tof e[:sr;uyf:awj,sr;uyf: Ogifwlof? wkdwf.ekdif;? wkdwf.Ogifsv;wif: wmif, rj:wSrf;avj:uef tefoj;eef.aw. xgrf, wlnf: vmh:avj:wlofvduf;ref:ulnf:auj; ayj: qSif;vDbof.ej,/ bgef.rD:vgif;ugif.umh, uyf: Omefuef eif,eefsv; vlof,tofsr;uyf: seyeftgefwmif: sr;zSwf:tldof;/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- ayj:eefauj; wD;]]uAuf-uSuf}}eef.trf,wSrf;eif,eefaO OifwSrf;oj;]auuf-

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suuf}}eh Orf.awyAefpkdofvj,/

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wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- xSif;ugef,vl:? vgif;sr;OAifuSrf-oj,?vgif;wlef:OAif-oj, ehqldof:eef.vj,? Orf.awtrf,oj;pkdofoj;pjaO ylef.ugj,ySwf;p/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- trf,olef.eif,eef eif,uof,? vgif;sr;OAifuSrf tefoj;qldof:eef.aw. Okwf:wD;oj;]]sr;OAifuSrf}}ehbof.ej,? auj.arjq[.auj;q[.? auj.trf,arjq[.auj; trf,vlof,q[.eef.ulnf:tldof;/ yAefwj,uSrfoh. e[:sr;vduf;wh: uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:vl:/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- ayj:eef Orf.awO[,oh.ukduf: e[:sr;vduf;wh:pAwf:Oifvj, ayj:trf,q[.auj;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- tkdof;J]wh:}eh ref:trf,q[;auj.vAofvl:/ yAefulef:qmof:cldof:vlif tefekdif;sv,/ ayj:eefauj; e[:qmof:cldof:wh:eh. ]urf;zgif;vmwf;OAifrof? urf;zgif;vmwf;OAifeuf:}ref:rD:qldif.ehvlifugj,sv; ]]eif,pdkofaw Nrf;uefbdyf:vh;vduf;sr;vAof}}olef.eif,ehaOsv;O[,oh.sr;OAifuSrftldof;/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- pkdof.Jayj:awoj; qmof:cldof:vlifsy;tSif:uvAwf;cofauj; yAefqmof:cldof:vlifeif,uof,vl:? awj;e[:sr;vduf;yldef; yldef;wrf.trf,oh. sr;OAifuSrfaO z[c[;vmwf;OAifeif,pkdofvmwf; yldef;wif:Nrf;uef wSrf;vduf;wlofvAofrlwf:bl,vl:/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,-tldof;Julef:wh: tefolef.eif,eefref:emef:rD:sv; ayj:OAiftguf, yldif;uefrj:tdwf:ekdif;auj; vlof,O[,xSif; vduf;ekdif;wlofeef.ej,r[:auj;/ wD;sw.ref:aw. wh:pof:auj; rldefyldef; yldef;auj; rldefpof:ulnf:eif,uof,/ ayj:awxgrf,OAifvmwf;aO wSrf;qgrf:aw. awj;trf,vldofaO cldif;wuf:erf.eef.ulnf:ugef,vj; urf;zgif;auj; Mif.oj;]uguf:}? urf;zgif; Mif.oj;]uguf}? urf;zgif; Orf.Mif.oj; ]uguf,}ehvlifugj,qldof:eef.auj; wif:rD:bl,eif,uof;vl:/ ulnf:uj; z[c[;tguf,OAifeif,pkdoftguf, wlofwSrf;ref:aw. pof:ruf:ref;oj; tofwlof ]]uguf:}}eef. wSrf;ulnf:eif,uof,vl:/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- tldof;Jeif,ulef:olef.eif,eefrD:eef. ulef:trf,olef.eif,eefauj; Orf.rD:sv; uGmrf:uyf:xkuf, qif,oj;]]urf;zgif; Odyf.P;nD,-urf;zgif; oD,P;pmif,}}eheef.ej,/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- ayj:eefauj; vgif;sr;OAifuSrfeef.]auj.arjq[.auj; q[.? auj.trf,arjq[.auj; oh.}ayj:oj;ehauj; bof.bof.ej,? qmif;vlof,cmrf,OAif;vlrf: qgrf:ref:xSif; pAwf:Oif/ vgif;wlef:OAifvl:-Orf.c[;oj;qldif.pkdofugef,vj,/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- vgif;wlef:OAifaw. trf,ayj:qmif;


140

vlof,oj;pkdofbof./ e[:wlef;OAifvduf;wh:eef.wlef:OAif rmhekdif; rmhOgif rmhOmrf rmhOD, rmhpj;qldof:eef. trf,rD:vgif;ySuf,yldif;uefOif/ ulnf:uj; wlef:OAifNuf: tefyAefwlef:OAifbuf:ckdef;eef.aw. urf;zgif;oj; ]arjq[.}? urf;zgif;oj; ]trf,arjq[.}eheef.vl:/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- ref:qmif;ugj,bmyf,Oifvj, ayj:eefauj;? qldof:arjq[.auj;q[.? qldof:trf,arjq[.auj; trf,q[.ulnf:eif,uof,tldof;/ rAof:trf,arj q[.sv; wAuf:uefq[.eef.auj; cmefq[oh.eif,uof,tldof;/ ]trf,arj}tefoj;eef. trf,arj wSrf;aw. trf,q[;ej? trf,arjwSyf:wwf:oj; ]awvh;tofwSrf;O[,wD;v[ rldof;eif,pkdof}eheef.tldof;/ bgef.trf,arjq[.sv; ayj:yldef;wSrf;rj:auj; pj:aw. oh.rldef wlef:OAifOmrfaOvl,ugj,tldof;/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- ulnf:uj; wrf:ydlifwmh eif,eefauj;Orf.trf,vh;eif,uof,/ rldefeif, wD;tefoj;]]yDr[,}}sv; O[,buf:ckdef;aO wSrf;oj;]]yD<r[,}}eheef.aw. Orf.yAefwlef:OAifrmhekdif;ulnf:eif,uof,ae;/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- tJayj:awukrf,bgif,qgrf:wlef:OAifbl,aw. awtrf,yAefwSrf;vduf;tguf,aOyguf;ugef,vj;/ vgif;oj; wD;v[ O[,rmhOAif < (buf:ckdef;? wD;v[trf,O[tefoj;eef. rD:wD;Olyf:ulef:cyf:ckdifref:ulnf:vlif? pof:aw. ayj:oj;trf,arjq[.auj; trf,q[.aO yldef; wmif,auj.q[.auj; trf,sO.? Oifoj; pefyldef;q[.rj:auj;umrf.erf Ogef,yAef wlef:OAifOmrf(;)aO vleif,oj;eef. xkuf,aOyldef;bof./ q[.wkdof:

wlef:OAif pj;OAifauj; uGmrf:wh: awtrf,pmhbgef.vduf;wh: aOacj;? q[.wkdof: wlef:OAifNuf:OAifauj; uGmrf:wh: awtrf,vdlofrj:xSif;aOacj;/ ulnf:uj; Oifoj; q[.wdkof: wlef:OAif Omrfwlef:? trf,eef OD,wlef:ehaw. uGmrf:wh:awpmhugj, bgef.vduf;wh: trf,ukrf,uGmrf:wh:tldof;/yldifwSuf;ref: rldefeif,wD;tefsr;vduf;rD:oj;]]umif-umif,-umif;-umif:-umif.}}eh.eef. ayj:qmrf:oj; ylwf:ySwf;wlef:OAifpj;aO oh.oj;]]umifumif,-umif;-umif:}}ehulnf:aw. bgef.wlof]umif.}eef. trf,rD:bof.sv; wj,wSrf;oj;]]umif.cj:?umif.zldif:? yl;umif.? emh:umif.}}ehauj; trf,rD:sv; qmif;tofuGmrf:wh: acj;tefuyf:umh,vlnf;]]umif.}} eef. pmhugj, bgef.vduf;wh: trf,ukrf,uGmrf:wh: tldof;/

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wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- ayj:oj;eefauj; q[;bl,eif,uof,vh?ulnf:uj; vgif;oj;]]OAif zAef;? trf,zAef;}}tefoj;eef.ej, trf,vlof,Ogef,yj:bof.p/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- OAifzAef; trf,zAef; tefoj;eef.rD:wD;ulef:vmwf;ref:vlif? trf,rD:wD;ulef:wSrf;reff:/ ulef:wSrf;ref: wSrf;zAef;bl,aOw ayj:ulef:vmwf;ref: trf,zAef;auj; wkdef:uj;vh;qlnf.aO xgrf,tofulnf:bof./ rldefeif,tefuGmrf:wh:oj;]yuf.rlef,}eheef. ayj:xgrf,OAif yD;egif.vhg vmwf;uGmrf:wh: Orf.oj; ]yuf.

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rlef:}ehulnf:eif,uof,/ bgef.eef uyf:umh,vlnf;oj; OAifvmwf; zAef;? trf,zAef; eef.trf,wmyf;vlof,tofO[,q[aO yldifvlif eh. vlof,wrf:vh; vuf:xmef; ydlifumif (standard)ulnf:/ayj:wrf:vh; yldifumif eif,oj;eef.bof.aw.cldif;wuf:erf.eh. z[c[;tguf,OAifeif,pkdoftguf,?ayj:wSrf;rj:aw. pof:vlof,wSrf;oj;]]uguf:}}? rmufymhzldif:tefoj;eef. z[c[; tguf,OAifoj;]cof.}auj;vD? ]cof,}auj;vD? ayj:wSrf;rj:aw. pof:vlof,tgefuefwSrf;oj; ]cof;}ehulnf:eef.bof./ ayj:awoj;]wh:qldof:tef bl,e[:xkif.ylif:eh. OAifoj;eh? vlof,wSrf;wlofqldif.eh? wh:qldof:bl,Oof:e[:vdefuRuf.sr: Orf.tguf,OAifoj;eef? vlof,wSrf;wlofqldif.eefehaw. wh:wkdef: awtrf,qmif;vh; vduf; Nrf;wlofaOyguf;/rguf; emh.auj; vgif;tkyf,ukrf wj,OAifvduf;wh:eh.pefxkdifoj;ukrf,xlef;bof./

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- vgif;sr;vduf;eh. oh.oh.urf:ekdif;aOckdef: ukrfuef ]]vgif;cl:arjvduf;wh:} tefoj;eef. trf,vDp/

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wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- cl:arjvduf;wh: teftgefuefpkbl,wif:erfeef. z[ Orf.wef:vlduf;ckdef;rj:rldof;v[aO z[Orf.tgefurf.xSrfvj,eef. uofoj;/

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- cl:arjvduf;wh:aw. awvh;oj; cof

vlduf;wlofcof ckdef;rj:tldof;/ tefcofwSrf;vduf;wh:oh.yefeef. ygif,oj; wlofcof vlduf;wlofcofckdef;rj:bof./ ulnf:uj; vgif;wlofcof vlduf;wlofcofckdefrj:eef. Orf.rD:ulef:pkqgrf:sv; ulef:pkqgrf: qldof:eef. qif,Okdyf,oguf,vmwf;seulef:yj;vifsv; ulef:yj;vif qif,vh;tgefuef ruf:ref;vmh:rkdof:cofqof;eef.ej,/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,-zl;v[aOtrf,oj; ayj:rD:erf.olef.vmh:rdkof: tefwSrf;oh.? vduf;tefwSrf;oh.eef.auj; Orf.rD:zgef:vD wj,wh:wif:erf eldofumefymh:rgef:? zdif;si;? zkuf,Ogrf;? vgif,wlif,olif:ulef:? vgif;bkrf,brf(Oj,Oej,) qugj,qldof:eh.aw. vDruf:ref;oj;-yAefcl:arjvduf;wh:bl,/ayj:trf,q[;eif,eefaO vj;vD; qjqD bkuf.uefckdef;vlnf;vgif;rkdwf;ukdof:? vgif;xmif,b[,uef eldofumefrmuf;rD:? vgif;tj,bkb[,qldof:eh.aOsv; oj;]]yAefzl;vlif.vSef,vduf;vmh:wh:}}ehaw. cefref:pSif.wSrf,ej,blof.aej/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- cef ulef:qdqrf;ref: wSrf,p? cefulef:tefvh;cmrf,qdqrf;ref: wSrf,p? trf,eefauj; cefvduf;pof: awwSrf,ugj,p-vlof,qSuf,Nofacj;ref:aO vmwf;yj:bl,blof./

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- tD;OifwSrf,uhg;bof.ugj;? ayj:oj;wSrf,auj; ref:trf,xmef;Okif-vlof,pkxkdifuj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/ ulnf:uj; ayj:ulofwSrf,auj; vlof,vlduf;pAwf:umef vmh:tefawqef.Okif eef.ulnf:ej,/

wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,wlyf,- q[;tldof;? vgif;oj;ulef:ekdif;auj. yAefzl;vlif.vSef,vduf;vmh:wh:eh. trf,vlof,vh;


142

wlnf:pmif;zmifref:? vgif;ref:vlif.vSef, vh;cl:vduf;yldef;? vgif;tj,bkref:b[,? vgif;ref:yAefTOj,yldef; eldofumefwmif,qdlof.wmif,yldif? eldoftuBmif.Odefxrf:aO vlof,wlnf:vgif;oj; qgif,ref:pkxkdif vgif;vduf;wh:vD"? vduf;vhg;? oguf:?uGmrf:Omef:? vduf;oguf:? vif,uj,vlif Ogifudof? OmrfudofzD,vj,? OmrfudofuGmrf:elnf:? bgyf,bgef;?vgif;clif:yAefpkdofrD:pkdof? ref:bmrf;wSrf;tguf,vduf;wh:vmhNof? vmhzkdef? vduf;tef ref:wSrf;eef. ulef:rldif: Orf.bgrf:pyf. rguf;uj;pkdof? Orf.rD:zgef:vDwj,wh:? wj,vduf;wh: rguf;uj;pkdoftefoj;qldof:eef.aO vlduf;ckdef;tldof;aej;/

wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- q[;tldof;? ayj:vlduf;eif,eefaw.ulef:vlduf;ref:auj; rD:qef.? ulef:vh;cmrf,vlduf;ref:auj;ukdif,aO umefvduf; tefcofawpAwf:Omif;eef.auj; awrD:uj;cef? qef.vduf;wh:auj; awckdef;rj:qgrf:coftldof;/ ayj:trf,eefaw.J? ayj:trf,q[;eif,eefaw.J

wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,wSef,- ayj:eefauj; vgif;cl:arjvduf;wh:sv; vgif;zl;vlif.vSef,vduf;vmh:wh:eh. oh.oh.aO ckdef:tkyf,uef vgif;vduf;vmh:wh:xSif;tdwf:ekdif; awvDbl,blof. uofoj;/ vgif;vduf;wh:eh.tefc[;vmwf;ref: wkduf.rD:bltldof;/

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wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,wmyf,- pj:auj; tofyldifwSuf;aO wgyf,seckdef:tldof;/ wj,ulef:ekdif;auj. awtrf,wmheh.vlof,vh;udefcof;tldof;/ ulnf:uj; vmh:tof cof;Omef pAwf:cof;Okuf:eh. rD:oh.]]vmh:ekdif;sv;vmh:pkif}}eh Ogifvmh:? udefcof;ekdif;auj; trf,wmhvh;? udefcof;pkifauj; trf,wmhvh;/ ulnf:uj; e[:vmh:teftofcof;Omef pAwf:cof;Okuf:eh. ayj:ekdif;tofqkdif bmyf,vldofpkiftldof;/ vlof,Okuf;cof;Omef? vlof,wD;rj,? vlof,cmof:bmrf:rj, P;cof;Omefylnf,? ayj:xkdifwD;ekdif;auj; vlof,arj;ekdif;? phcof;? rmuf,bkrfph? wmh;arj;ekdif;? zjcD;qkuf:? Okuf:rj:bof.auj; vlof,wSyf:cof; wj,ylif?

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ylifbof.auj; vlof,ugif,cof;? tSyf,cof; wj,O[,?xkdifwD;udefrj:auj; vlof,omef,O[,ref:-ehOkuf.Omuf.vlifoh. vmhvgif;vh;yldifbof./ ulnf:uj; ayj:pkiftofaw. ayj:rD:arj; vkuf;ekdif;auj; ukrf,bof.? xkdifwD;udefrj:auj; vlof,omef,clwf.ref:rAof:vAofulnf:? trf,Okuf.Omuf. wmef, vmh:udefcof;ekdif;eef.aOsv; vh;udef bjq[ vgwf;wmif:wmh yAefpAwf:umefbof./

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acj;c [;vmwf;sw. eif,tefyefNofacj;oh.oj;]]rl dif:iImh:tefrD:bl,rl dif:ulef:rl dif:iImh:tefrD:bl,rl dif:ulef:rl dif:iImh:tefrD:bl,rl dif:ulef:rl dif:iImh:tefrD:bl,rl dif:ulef:rl dif:iImh:tefrD:bl,rl dif:ulef:}}eheef.bof./ ayj:rj:olef.wlnf:vD}} wlofOwf:tgef,cofehauj; puf.wlofq[wlofuof, rldefulef:pof:bl,bof.? bj,ayoj; awrj:pAwf:wD;pof:vj;awj;uj;yldef;pef vgif;teftrf,vDpof:aOyldef;wuf.P;pof:vDulnf: pof:wif:q[vrfOh;urf,urfwjrkdof:ayj:rlef:oh.bof.? ayj:yldef;rj:rif rj:ayK.pSrfpof:sw. trf,rD:wD;vmwf;ref:bof./yldefyh,rifaOtdwf: pof:ayj:c[;rifOmrfOD,tdwf:bof.? pof:tofcmof:bmrf: teftrf,rD:wmif:sc.cAif,pof:aO ay.udefwlofOwf:cof:eef. aOsv; ckdef:tofrK:q[.wj,awj,Ol;zl;cAefvlifpof: teMif.oj; ]zh:udav,Oj,zh:udav,Oj,zh:udav,Oj,zh:udav,Oj,zh:udav,Oj,} aOsv; zl;cAef tefay.udefpof:bl,ul;cmof:bmrf:eef.bif:awrD:zgef:vD wj,wlofuof,aOtrf,uj:yj:wif: Oj,Oej, zj,Oj, qldof.cldof:pof:auj;awpmif;vDukduf:ykdef:bl,trf,pmif.bof./

bgef.olwf;umrf,oef:vifpof: vh;pSwf:yldef;rj:sv; xkdifrj:qmwf;eh. olwf;umrf,qgrf:wgyf,bof.? pof:bj,eSwf;wlnf:uh ]]rl dif:iIhm:rl dif:iIhm:rl dif:iIhm:rl dif:iIhm:rl dif:iIhm:tefrD:bl,rldif:ulef:tefrD:bl,rldif:ulef:tefrD:bl,rldif:ulef:tefrD:bl,rldif:ulef:tefrD:bl,rldif:ulef:}}eheef. wlnf:pdrf:pgrf:pof: tefpefbl,wj,aO,eef.auj; awpl.xkdifbl,? tefpefbl,eef.vl: Orf.yAefOif?

rmifauj.wjrgwf,? Neluf,? rmefNtrf,rD:? Olyf:auj;trf,vD? trf,arjvmwf;uGmrf:? rkdof:auj;ykwf:?wdefauj;cmwf,? tif,uj,trf,wArfxlef; vldofeef.trf,uj: vgif;pmif;vDxkuf,wjauj;trfrD:?erf.q[vDauj;trf,arjoh.? Orf.q[pmh.? clof:cgifuSof;OSifikdef:crf:auj; trf,rD:rldefyldef;? wj,pjvAif.wgif.wlofuof, ekdif;wj,tgef,ulnf:auj;bmyf,sw."/ ]]vgif;bmyf,wkuf.cj.cmefq[qdlif. ehz[auj.v[awc[;xlyf:}}/

ayj:wlnf:ckdef: tefyldef;vDeef.vl: wmif:pkpefynf,nj,auj;Okif? vgif;wlofpmif;zmifvDvof:? erf.q[auK;vD? umefvDul.Olof,xSrfOmif;?u So f ;OSi fi k def:crf: r D:wAr fxlef;u l;vgi f; ?pAwf:pdkofOrf. yldif;rldif:uefuj,qldif.eefvj,ayj:eh qldof:cofrK:xlyf:]]rldif:iImh: tefrD;bl,rldif:ulef}}eef.sw. ugyf;tul.Olof,umrf,cof pSif:ylef.wD;aw.sv; qif,vh;rj:xlyf:vgif;pmh. tefMif.oj;]]iImh:vdyf:vlif}}ehauj;oj;vh;bof./ qldof:cofqof;ulef;vDsw. Orf.vh;rj:qmrf, vgif;Oldof:Oj,uwf:bAefvj,ayj:eh bgef.yldof;ul,Olof,umrf,cofpSif:sw."sv; qif,vh;rj:bl,rlef;uwf:bAefbof./ ]]wlofpmif;vD q[Orf.vDqkdif pmif;vDwj,ulef:clif:umifbof.? wlofpmif;vD q[Orf.pmh. erf.q[eof; xof;euf:uGj,el dofeifvdefrl dif:}}bgef.eef qldof:Olpof:pj: yD;egif.wh:xlof,eof;cof;ul;yldif awtrf,zdwf:rSef; tul.Olof,eef.awtoftefyAef vgif;aw.ref:aO awj,wh,ch;aeuGj,ugef,? auj.wSrf;ykdef:oh.sw. yAefulef:e[:rl,omef;auj.ekdif; (qkdof;sw.trf,wgif:bof.)


160

oj;eh? wSrf;yj:e[:yyf. rSuf.uqSef:(ykdefcmof,)tefekdif; e[:wldif:wedef:Oj,vD,? yAefoAif:rldif:rmef; tefqrfuef wif:rldif:xh:? wdwf:awj,vgif;uj.cmhyKql:uef? awj,xkdif bmrf:vAofbl,bof./ rldof;ylef.rj: rguf;OmrfOdyf:yDymheef.wD;omef;wrf,ij;omef;edkif; rD:Ogifauj.zlofar:trf,rD:vkuf;? cjzlofar:eh. rD:erf.q[vD? erf.q[Owf.xj,auj;pSif:sv; ulef:e[:omef;cofwif:erf puf.rkdwf;eyf.brfcjyl,tguf,sw."/qkdof;cjzlofsr:aw.oj; tl:zlof:xgif,+awj,oj,el.ehbof.? ulef:e[:oAif: e[:omef;rAuf.eh.bgef.oj; ref:qrfymif,vmh,sv; qldof:rD:e[:ukefumiferf.ymif,vmh,eef. yAefrl,omef;wrf,ij;vmh? bgef.bl,qrferf. bl,ukefumiferf.sv;wj,awpAwf:udef umefzkuf;Ogrf;eef. trf,ayj:yAefumefsv; urf.erfauj; yAefwrf,ij;sv; uj.cmh pjudefyjul;oef:"bof./ ckefvliftefMif.oj;olwf;umrf,eef. qif,Olif,cofrj:yAefulef:wrf,ij; rj:pjyjehauj;oj;vh;bof.}} /

e[:omef;wrf,ij;cofeef. tofay:cofuGj,pjyj ekdif;yguf; pkdifrguf;Omrfvldefeh.bof.?ayj:cofrj: vkdof;Ndof.vkdof;q[tgef,cofauj; vkdof;ekdif;vldefbmef;bmef;eh.bof./ zgif:cofvkdof;ekdif;vldeftgef,eef.auj; bgef.oj; yAefqmof:cl dof: ud lof:brfzj,Oj,ykwf.xsv; urfOdefxgrf,xrf: ekdif;vldefeh.bof./ ayj:xkdifcmof:bmrf: awvh;uGj,pjyjckdef:auj;uGj,aO ylef.rj:yDbmof:cmof:pkdifbof.sv; xkdifeif,oef:ekdif;tl:zlof:xgif,auj; yj:tofNdof:tgef,ref:aOtguf,cmof:wmif:uGj, e[:erf.vlifymif,vhm, awpkdifrguf;Omrfvldefeh.bof.? rldof;Mwf;zSof e[:erf.

ymif,vmh, vh;vldefymheef. trf,xmif,trf,xldrfaO vh;xlyf:nj: az:vlrf:vlif erf.vlifckdef;aO tofNdof:tl:zlof:xgif, qlrferf.ymif,vmh,uGj,bof./ wloftl:zlof:xgif,sw. bgef.vh;tofrkdof:wef:wmof:nj: ugwf,vh;wkrfrh.vlifoh.sv;vgwf;wmif:wmhaO vh;cD,wkrfrh.vlifaO rD:bl,e[:ymif,vmh, pkdifrguf;OD,oef:pj;oef:aO Orf.vh;rj:pef ukeftgef,tefekdif; teftrf,bmrf;Mwf;rj:aO vh;zSofuGj,eldofukefbof./ bgef.oj;vh;toferf. pAwf: yAefpSif:ulnf:sv; zgif:rldof;yhuGj,OmrfOD,bmif;eef. vlrf.vkdrf:wlofuGK,bof./omh:aOtl:zlof:xgif, cdkef:pkwlofrj:sv; rkdef:wjaO wlnf:uGj,qkdif vh;pefNdef:vlifcSrf.ckduf.qArfwD;tefref:egef:bl, eldoful,eef.aOe[:Ndef:eef.auj; pmif;vDuGj,OSif;rlwf:? tl:zlof:xgif,auj; yAeftefvDtmrf:sw."? ref:olef.e[:q[oj;JuofzSofpgwf;rldif:zD bof.pdkofehbl,/ atj:]]wrf,ij;qldof.uofeh. awpAwf:pdkofMwf;rldif:zD}}vh;? ulnf:uj; wD;eh;Orf.yAefwD;v[trf,eefauj; omef;e[:ukefumiferf.ymif,vhm,eh.pkdof eh olef.trf,tguf,bl,bof./ bmrf:tgef,eef.ulnf: rD:emif:bdif: ekif;clof:tefpmif;vDcSrf.wgef:aO ukdif.umif.cof; rj:e[:vkuf:ref:egef:eef.sv; ref:ayj:trf,ch;bkrf, vgif;tefpefeef.bof./ emif:pmif;vDauj.eef.sw. trf,qkdof;z[ yAefemif:ar:qof;uof,emif:oj,el.bof./ zgif:rldof; emif:oK,el. zSofrj:pdrf:qrfeef. ref:auK; zdkuf.zmuf. ydkuf.ymuf.vkuf.aOoj; emif:oj,el.]]OlpAwf:pdkof pgwf;zSofrK:eldofumifukeferf.eh.vj,òj;ehaO ckdef:vmwf;uGj,xSif;oj; uofeh. blofoj;wmhaO vh;rj:yAefzD

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

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y[.ik def:crf:bof.? pAwf:pk dofaOMwf;zSofrj:omef;b[,pmif;vDvlifqldif.ehaej:}} xmrfuGj,qdlif.ehbof./ ulnf:uj; emif:oj,el. ej;wjtrf,yldif;Oif oh.ej;pmif;vDaO bkrf.aeurf:ekdif;aOoj; ]]OlJvgif;eef.oh.aOugef, ayj:omh:eh.rK:awN.bl,? rldof;vAofsw. pK:uGK,udefcof;ugef,Oltrf,vh;udefcof;auj; ayj:rD:pj;oef:bof.trf,q[;pj.` oj;ehaO qefrkdof:auj.yAefzlofref:uGj,bof./

zgif:rldof;Mwf;zSofwD;rl,cof;eef. qmh:zlof:xgif,auj; buf.wlnf: wmif:udefqldof:eef. Orf.ayj:wArfxlef;ul;vgif;" qmh:zlof:xgif,auj; trf,Okdyf,xmrfOifxSif;? bgef.oj; tkdyf:rj:vmhoef:bof.sv; udefurf:vAofbof./ Oh;auj;tdrf,wgif.auj;wArfbof.sv; ref:qmh:auj; ch;egef:rj:vhg:vhg:bof.? bgef.emif:ol,el. pkoj; auj.yAefzlof c[;egef:bof.sv; qif,qefrkdof:zlofref:emif: cof;rldof:e[:vkuf:egef:uGj,bof./ qmh:zlof:xgif,auj; bgef.yldof;vh;zmwf,ar:emif: pkdifvldefymhbof.sv; vh;xlyf:ckdef:qdlif.eh yAeftefrlef;q[ej,sv; qif,oSefugwf,tof ar:emif:ref:aO MrfyefuSrf;wif:Ogifzmh,bof./ Ogifauj.zlofsr:auj; egef:vyf:rlef;Oldof:uGj,eldoful,eef.bl,bof./ zdlof,qmh:zlof:xgif, wkdef,rj:auj; umifoef:ayj:qrfawwluf:bof.? emif:ol,el.auK; vkuf.aOckdef:pAwf:pmif;zmif ekif;clof:ref:aObof. vmwf;zlofref:oj; e[:omef;vlifpof:eh. rD:yuf:yldifoh. ayj:Mwf;umifcmrf;qkdifulef:e[:omef;eh. awvh;tguf,bl, eguf;omef;ul;auj.? ayj:Mwf;umife[rldif:vSif:ugef, qif,awvh;cof;rj: e[:omef;ckdef:tldof;? Olaw. bgef.oj;

yAefcSuf,sv; umifcrf;umifoef: bl,e[:Ndef:e[:omef;eh.vh;bl,/ Orf.ckdef:vmwf;oj; ayj;Olpuf.pof:sw.qkdif bj,xmrfpof:vgif;Oif? bl,oh.e[:Ndef:eh.sv;ej;? bK,ayuGj,wmif:v[ej;? y[.xj;pof: awj,xkdifrldif:vSif:sv; pof:awckdef:rj:bl,oj;ehaO oh.ej;wjcDioftgef,aO bmeftguf,uGj,bof./ tefvDtmrf:sw. zgif:rldof;emif:oj,el. ohmej;tguf,Ndef:uGj,eef. rldefeif, yldef;tofrmuf,pdefzmwf,aOsv;tguf,uGj,? uSyf.ekdif;ulnf: qmh:zlof:xgif, vSef;qgrf:wlnf:sr:emif:ref: uGj,zSofzuf:wlomif:aO buf.wlnf:auj.yAefar:emif: tefyhugj,qgrf:ulef:omef;cofeef.bl,? qmh:zlof:xgif,auj; buf.wlnf:ej;wjulef:omef; ql do f:tefbhuefuGj,eef.eK;wjcofauj; cDiofoh.pif:z[ref:? wif:omef;ukdwf:qmh:zlof:xgif,auj.vAofulnf:/ xdkifrldif:vSif:rj:bof.auj; emif:oj,el.sv; ulef:e[:rl,omef;cof ej;bkrf.Oldof:omef ckdef:yguf;rj:z[ref:bof.?emif:oj,el.auj; rldefeif, trf,yAefOifaOvmwf;vgif;bkrf.vgif;clof awj,zlofqof:uof, rldefeif,ymefyAefvkuf;tgef, tOmuf;vh;Odyf:clyf,yhmulnf:eef.bof;/ qmh:zlof:xgif,sw. wlnf:cofumifoef: rldefeif,Oldof:q[ul;auj.? ref:qmh:sw. bgef.pkch;xmrf vgif;wmif:tefcoftgefuGK,bl,eguf;omef;umifckdef:eef.ulnf:bof.? ref:auj; qif,xmrfoK;]]OlJayj:Mwf;umifcrf:rj:qldof:Ole[:omef;wmif:rlwf: pAwf:Oifvh;tguf,e[:omef;eh.vj,? vmwf;aepof:vl: pof:c[;pktldof;? emif:oj,el.auj; wgyf,oj; ]]teftrf,rD:zgef:vDwj,Oleef. bj,ayc[;pkvj;}} ehaOtrf,wgyf,ref:bl,/ umifomef:auj;qrf awwluf:


162

bof.sv; emif:oj,el.vmwf;Oif,aO tguf,uGj,xSif;bof.? qmh:zlof:xgif,auj.ekdif; trf,bAef.vh;bof.sv; bgef.oj;c[;pkvgif; aw.ref:sv;qif,vuf.uGj,qgrf: ulef:auj.wluf:vkdef:eef.trf,qrftrf,pefuhbof./ cmof:bmrf:auj; vyf:Odif,qgrf.Mrf.bof.sv; z[auj;trf,pefref:?ylef.tguf,eguf;omef;uGj, uhwmef,"ref: ref:qmh:qif,uGj,ckdef;eldof wlef;rh.vlifwlef;ekdif;aOrkif;wlnf:ulef;omef; teftguf,uGj,eguf;omef;eef.bof.? zgif:rl dof;ref:rkif;wlnf:eef.ref:pefrSef;aO wluf:q[sw."oj;"? eif,pkdofref:ayK:awtrf,OAefwluf:rh.eef. vh;ugwf,rh.oh.uSef,"bof./ ]]atj:..wmif:eguf;omef;eh.yAefrldef:iImh: tefrD:bl,eldofeifvdefvl:}}ehref:pefuGj,qdlif.eef Orf.ayj:trf,ch;bkrf,tefref:pefeef.bof./ vldofeef.trf,uj:yj:wif:ar:emif:ref: emif:oj,el.sv; ulef:e[:omef;e[:Olef vh;pefcofbmyf,bmuf; wkuf.cj.vldwfrh;ul;auj.eef.bof./ ulef:qmh:rmifauj.cmrf,wmif:zDiImh:cof tofacjvAuf:vlifaO O[,e[:ymuf,Olyf: vmuf;uGK,vmuf;rj:? rmifauj.auj; toferf.vAuf:rh;xguf,O[,e[:Olyf:cofbof;/ qmh:zlof:xgif,olef.e[:q[oK;- atK;Jcofqldof:eh.sw.awyAefqldof:cof tefudeferf.Ol,Ij, erf.Ndof,cof; erf.O[,wof; erf.vof;ehbl,? ulef:qmh:rmifauj. Ogifauj.Ogifulyf. cofeif,uef ckdef:zef:rk dof: zef:wdef zef:wlofuefbl,Orf;oj;zef:ykwf:uGj,bof.auj; Orf.tguf,rj:xSif; ehwduf:" pAwf:eefOkdyf,zef:uefbl,cldof:"b[:"aO Orf.ayj:yAeferf.vldwf;erf.bmiftguf,rj:oh.bl,bof./ emif:bdif:rmifauj.Orf. vh;

egef:wmuf,pmhaO cmrf,wif:zDiImh:cof tofykwf:vAuf:vlif xkyf.O[,rifO[, vl.vSofuGj, uguf:NofyAeffOgifzmuf,uGj,auj; Orf.ckdef:zkwf:tguf, rj:xSif;tefr[,pAwf:eefbl,/ atj:...bgef.oj;vh;xkyf.Nofuh, Nofyj qj.uGj,qldof:eh.sv; qif,vh;cmrf,wmif:xkyf.ayj.qldif.eif,eefehaO olef.pif:qof;uof,bl,? qmh:zlof:xgif,auj; trf,pwf:Okdyf,wlnf:xSif;bof.sv; wlofsv;q[auj;yAefftefOef,vlifuGj,OAif;? ref:auj; vlif:wlef;rh.oh:"aO rldof:Ndef:ckdef:urf:vAofbof./ pgwf;Ndef:bof.auj; egef:trf,vyf: bgef.vh;pef vgif;trf,vD rD:bl,e[:wjeef.bof./ rldif:vSif:rj:auj; emif;oj,el.auj.ekdif; rldefeif,trf,yAefOifaO pAwf:pmif;pAwf:zmif cSrf.vSyf;vDvof:ekif;Oldof;clof:pmif;vD Orf.ymhyj:yuf:rguf,cof;wSuf,tgef,aO ayj:Mrfpd kef:uGj,wmif:Ndef:bof.?qmh:zlof:xgif,auj.ekdif;auj; bgef.wmif:pmif;vDemif:oj.el.sv; Orf.ayj:vkdrf: tefawtmif;xmrf vgif;ref:pefrj: crf;oj;eef.bl,?emif:oj,el. buf.wlnf:ej; auj.yAefzlofaOxmrfoj;]]qkdifej;wjOltrf,uD; trf,bkrf.vj,}}OlyAefOifehbof./ qmh:zlof:xgif,auj; trf,qmif;vmwf:tguf,uGmrf:rj:aOacj; emif:oj,el.cdkef:Okdyf,vmwf;xSif;oj; crf;oj: Olvuf.uGj,qgrf:wlnf:vgif;pof: vh;cmrf,wkuf.ccmefq[ qgif,qkdof;pdkof Ol ehsv; qmh:zlof:xgif,auj; tguf,vgif;q[vrfaO bdyf:rifrkdof:ar:ref:aOoK; ]]vmwf;aepof:Okdof;}}vl: e[:rl,omef;eh. yAefrldif:Oifayj:xkdifumifoef: Orf.vh;vgif;Oldof:Oj,? ayj:xkdifumifcrf;Orf. vh;cmrf,iIhm:qldif.eh` emif:oj,el.auj; trf,wgyf,OifaO tof ej;pmif;vD

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

163

tgef,ref: ilyf.O[,ej;tluf: auj.yAefzlofaOph;bl,bof.? qmh:zlof:xgif,auj; eif,pkdofar:emif: awrD:pSif:q[eef. ref:auj; qif,tofrkdof:ref:qmh: ckdef:ugwf,ar:emif:ref:oh.pSif:"aO awj,xkdifemif:oj,el.ayj:wAwf,bl,? emif:oj,el.auj; vmwf;aevgif;zocof tefyAefaw.rD:aw.eef.bl,/ ]]Oltlnf.J qldof:pof:e[:rl,omef;eh. trf,q[;ulef:aOauj. pof:yAefao,rj,eduydwf.wj,rlwf:"tldof;Ol}} ohm:aO OltofNdof: bmeftguf,omef;rj: vh;bl,Ogifolif;eef. bgef.Ohmtguf:atjpof:cmwf,uGj,sv; qif,vh;wmhaO rj:yAef]]ao,rj,eduydwf.wj,eh.bof.}} rdlof;pof:vh;zoulef:eef. bgef.pof:tofvgif;Odlof: uj,rwefpjoh.b[,aO tofvgif;umefvDukOlof, oh.vgif;vAuf.aw."eef.bof.?bgef.ukOlof,auj;vh;pAwf:rj: tukOlof,auj;vh;xSrfqgrf:uefrj:sv; umifoef:vh;qmrf, vgif;Oldof:rldif:zD? umifcrf;Orf.vh;cmrf,iImh:eh.bof./pof:awOlif,OlMwf;Ndef:ckdef:bl, vgif;oj;Olawtrf,bl,vh;wD;eh;aw."eh. pof:pkxkdifbl,?pof:awbgef:Oif,Olvgif;edkif; tefoj;...vh;rj:zoulef:qlof;uSyf.urf:tgef,eh. eif,pkdofOlawtrf,vh;rj:cmrf,qldif.pof:eh. umifoef:vh;qmrf,Oldof:Oj,zD umifcrf;Orf.vh;cmrf,iImh:eh.tldof;? bgef.eef pAwf:umefwj,ej. urfOdefOD,v ydkefsz;zj,oej,? ayj:oj;yAef ]]tul.Olof,ehqkdif pAwf:eheef.bj,eSwf;oj;? olef.wlnf:ulnf:auj; bj,ayolef.}}ej;eh Oif,auj.yAefzlofref:bl,bof./ vmwf;awj,uefauj;erfrj:bof.sv; emif:oj,el.auj; buf.wlnf:ej;zmuf,zloftgef,ref:aO Mrfyefurf:edkif;

bof.aO qmh:zlof:xgif,auj; vyf:wjtgef,ref:uGj,vgh:vgh:bof./ zdlof,qmh:zlof:xgif,wdkef,rj:auj;Mwf;xdkifwD;Ndef:cjzlofar: wD;rl,omef;wrf,ij;eef.aO yAeferf.Nerf.wjauj.vAofbl,?olef.e[:q[ yAefzov[ qmwf;ymefv[ehauj;awpuf.Olegif.oj,el.auj.vAofehaO olef.w[;olef.edlofbl,auj.vAofpif:ulnf:bof./ omh:aOeef. ref:qmh:auj; xgrf,tofuGmrf:aO trf,pAwf:wrf,ij; qkef.ySwf;vgif;teftrf,vDaOsv; vdluf;pAwf:umefvD tefvgwf;tj;Omuf;ydlef; pjvgif;tefqgrf:Twj:aOvAif.wgif.qof;uof, pAwf:ukOlof,tefvDuGj,eef.bof./

(rmhwgif:)ao,rj,eduydwf.wj,eh. zgif:rldof;cofqmrf,aq:qdrf,zDbl,eef. rdlefeif, vgif;qmrf,ylnf;rldif:zDaw." bgef.eef zDehauj;oj;vh;bl,? ulnf:uj;Jtrf,q[;zDqef.Okif?yAefzDqef.wSrf, qdlof.cdlof:]]qwkrpj,Idwf;}} ehbof./ zDsv;ulef: qgif,Mrf:Ogifuefvh;vj,ayj:eh e[:ay,wowf.xkeef. zDy[.wlef;rh.sv; wif:emif:ulef: Mrf:Ogifuefvh;bl, qAwf:oef:/ rD:xSif;ckefapjcrf:]]ref,xj,wl.}} tefcD,oSefquBj, rdlof:bl,rdlif:zDaO rldof:Mrf:OgifOldof:qgrf:emif:zDcofeef.auj; vh;pefe[:qj,wj.u txuj,xj,eef.aeoh.bl,bof./

acK;vlyf:vif P;pof:yD;egif.wif:OAif;ygif,q[eldofumefwK,aO,aO pAwf:umefqgrf:uefqAof:xkdifwD;aOurf:eh eyf.brfb[," erf"aOawbl,wD; wlofuhq[qrf bgef:Ol:yefbl,cK;/zkdeftdif-rBSwf.wj,Odef,? Olnf,yD,wj,/


164

Oif,uj,bej,eh. vkuf.wD;uG mr f:yj,vd]]O>ujbe}} ehaO yAefrj:acj;uGmrf:aoj:pmef,wh:oj; ]]Oif,uj,bej,eh}}ehbof.? ]]Oh?Nrf;uef? qkvkrf:wkrfuef/ ujbe-vgwf;oj;? vgwf;apj:}}ehbof./ acj;umrf:tefTzj:yAefqof;pof:apj:rj: e[:cmof:wmif:OD,Odyf:ymhpj;oj,vkrf:vkrf:?tefyAefxrf,rodeb(ydwumwf;)qldof:eef.?eif,pdkofayj:awtrf,wSuf,bmh;uef? tefyAefqkdof;Twj:ref:? yk def:ref:? acj;uGmrf:ref:?wD;ygif,ref: wif:OAif;qldof:eef. tofrj:qkvkrf:wkrfwgrfuefaO Oif,cj,qof;qldof:tefrD:Odefxrf:? tlrkefzkif:iof:b[,cofqof; trf,xAif?trf,arj:? trf,Omefcwf: oh.OAifvAofuefaOtgefuefvgwf;apj: wmif,rmhykdef:oh.eef. Mif.]]Oif,uj,bej,}}bof./Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:ekdif;Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:ekdif;Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:ekdif;Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:ekdif;Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:ekdif;

TzK:y Aefqof;pof:eh. pmy f,tofy kef;zgef:umefvD? wj,zDOmifOwf:ulef: e[:cmof:wmif:OD,Odyf:ymhpj;oj,aObof.? rldof;rpj,Ouf.uImwf;(148)eD;?(1544-B.C)vl defNuf:rlef:oef:tif:umef:eef. uSef,qof;cof;qmrf,yIdedymef, wD;e[:Olefyof: ckefrldif:ref,vj,? e[:tldif,rldif:ukOdej,Ikif,eef.bof./

bmrf:eef qof;rpj,uwf.Oysv; vkuf;egif.ref:qof;pK;ymuf,? tgefuefvkuf.wD; rldif:yj,oj,aO uGK,ql:rldif:ukOdej,Ikif, wD;Tzj:yAefqof;qmrf,yIdedymef,bof./

zgif:cofqof;wkduf.uj,aO udkwf:vkdof;bl,wD;pdrf:wmif:wD;ekdif;eef.? eif,pk dofqof;Ipmef:cofwif:rlwf: ayj:awvh;pkoj; vgif;Tzj:yAefqof; cof;qmrf,edymef,eef.? qof;rpj,uwf.Oy qif,pyf.xmrfulef:ylnf(wuf.uwgef:)tefbdyf:clof.rguf,aO yhrj:qgrf:wmif:eef.oj;]]qof;qgif,pkquf:TOK,pof: tefyAefqof; aujwr}}pj .èhpi f :ref:bo f . ? u lef :y ln f(wuf.uwgef:)eef. qif,cdkef;wgyf,oj;-

]]pkquf:tldof; ref:qif,pjqmrf,edymef, uGj,wkduf.rD:cmof:wmif:qAwf:oef:ulnf:? clif. rguf,eh.pj:tofwD;eef;rj:td lo f;}}ehbof./ ayj:Ipmef:cofqof;vh;pkoj; TzK:yAefqof; cof;qmrf,edymef,bof.ehauK; qldof:tefIj,u (q[puf.yAif:)yh,pmhOAif;wldof;eef. yAeftefaO vmhwD;eldofTzj:yAefqof;ej,sv; qif,tgefuef eif;vlrf.eldofvdefaO pgif.pgif.ph;ph;uefuGj,bof./bmrf:eef qof;qmif:qof;Okzwf.w yK:ekdif;vkuf.qkuf:aOvmwf;oj; ]]Olqof;cof trf,xj;vlof,Mif.ph;? trf,xj;vlof,rh;q[Oif? urf:eh.sw.pof:cj;ylef.vgwf;wD;e[:rkdof: qof;Ipmef:vlifbof. pof:c[;pAwf:Oifauj;vlof, vh;pAwf:ulnf:?trf,rD:z[pmrf;OD:pof:cj;bof./rldof;eef.sw.tefeef.trf,vh;pAwf:? tefeh.trf,vh;pAwf:oj;eh vh;cmrf,tofyuf:yldif (odeh:) rwf.cgwf,pof:oh.ayj:wmef,eh.? pof:cj;wif:OAif;eh. trf,rD:vgif;vgwf;"vSof:"Oifrj:aOtdwf:? bmrf:vAof

vgif;Oif,uj,bej,vgif;Oif,uj,bej,vgif;Oif,uj,bej,vgif;Oif,uj,bej,vgif;Oif,uj,bej,vDpkuGj,z[ref:vDpkuGj,z[ref:vDpkuGj,z[ref:vDpkuGj,z[ref:vDpkuGj,z[ref:

(cgef.wof.crf:)uAif:wkif

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pof:c[;pAwf:Oifauj; tofumifq[pof:pAwf:Omif;vh;? pAwf:qgrf:eif, umifq[pof:uGj,auj;vh;bof.}}oj;ehbof./ bgef.yldof;acj;uGmrf:vmwf; qof;qmif:xof;Okzwf.weef.sv; qof; rpj,uwf.OyyAefvgif;wkdef, wAef;Orf,ao,uaO ukdwf.olef.oj;]]awj;eif,TzK:yAefqof; qmrf,edymef,uGj,qif,pjrD:qAwf:oef:uhg:? txrf,roj,wD,cofeh.ayj:vmwf;uGmrf:eif,ehbof./ rldof;txrf,roj,wD,cofyh,sz;wdlef:erf? rldof;xrf,roj,wD,cofyh,blyf;bgrf:eef. tofuGmrf: (Twj:)Tzj:yAefqof;wmif,Oif,uj,bej,oh.eh. vDwD;Okwf:bof.}}ehbof./ omh:aOzkif:vgif: cmyf;wlofTzj:yAefqof;bof. qif,pAwf:ymifukrfvlif wj,awpAwf:Omif;vh; ymifwmif,Oif,uj,bej,bof./ e[:ymifukrfeef. qof;Ipmef:tefckdef; Mwf;rD:qAwf:OSef(700000)qof;aO wluf:vlif:vh;q[uefoj; ]]ayK:cmof:e[:oj,rj: awpAwf: ymifwmif,Oif,bej, wD;e[:rldif:Ij,quBLof,}}ehbof./

ohm:aOTzj:yAefqof;qmrf,edymef,uGj,vh;Omrfvldef? rldof;rpj,Ouf.uImwf;(148)eD;?544.B.C? vldefuof;vgif;ekdif;crf;eef.? ckefapjcrf: tqj,wOmwf; pyf.tofykef;zgef:yAefwuj,ywf.aq:OD,yldif (yqfybjekufup)aO qof;rpj,uwf.Oy? qof;tkyj,vd sv;qof;tj,eef,wj,cofqof; tgefNofqof;Ipmef:wj,pj;ymuf,(500)wlefaO pAwf:Omif;ymifwmif,Oif,uj,bej, wD;xrf;rh.wdefyAwf: tefrD:wD;pdrf:vhgao,zj,I e[:rldif:Ij,quBLof,eef.bof./vh;sw,rldof; vldefuof;vgif;ekdif;crf;? pmef.awj,xkdifvldefOD,rlef: vh;tgefueftofOlyf:aOvgwf;apj: wmif,Oif,uj,bej, cmof:wmif:pdkifyAefqAwf:vldefvl:ugef,bof./

Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OgifOif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OgifOif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OgifOif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OgifOif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:Ogifomh:aOTzj:yAefqof; cof;qmrf,edymef,

uGK,vh;ymuf,yDbof.? qof;Ipmef:odwf.qdcofwD; e[:rldif:ao,Oj,vD,eef.? tgefuefvl,cmrf,idkef:quGj, wj,pAwf:Omif;vgif;txrf,rowåj (10)yK:aO Omefcwf:uef wif:odeh:Tzj:yAefqof;oh.sv; qldof:yAefqof;Ipmef: tefeyf.brfodeh:Tzj:(yuf:yldif)Tzj:yAefqof;sv; qof;Ipmef,qldof:tefbl,Oof:qgrf:odeh: (yuf:yldif)Tzj:yAefqof;eef. qif,tgefuefvkdyf; qof;odwf.qdcofaO? qif,ckdef:tgefuefwmif,Oif,uj,bej,xSif;yguf;urf:Ogifbof./

rldif:wmif,Oif,uj,bej, xSif;yguf;urf:Ogifeh. yDOj,Oej,wArf(100)eD;? (444)B.C eef.?ckefuj,vj,aOj:u pyf.yAefiof;wuj, ywf.aq:OD,yldif(ywf.qbj,ekuf.up)aO? qof;rpjbOtgefNoferf:ej; qof;Ipmef:wj,qAwf:ymuf,(700)aO pAwf:Omif;ymifwmif,Oif,uj,bej,wD;uRif:oK,vkuK,IK,r wD;rldif:ao,OK,vD,bof./ymifwmif,Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:Ogifeh. vh;tgefueftofOlyf:aOvgwf;apj: wmif,Oif,uK,bej, cmof:wmif:pkdifyAwf,vldefugef,bof./Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OmrfOif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OmrfOif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OmrfOif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OmrfOif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:Omrf

zgif:rldof;yDOj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof; Mwf;zSofrj:Ogifymuf,yDymheef. yAef;umyf;ymefckefOD,Idxrf,rj,Oj:u tkyf.irf:omef;rldif:bof.? umyf;eef. awvh;oj;Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAef qof;pldof;pldif:yldif:O[sw.sw.bof./ qof;Ipmef:qldof:tefpmyf,umefOj,Oej,ehauj; bgef.ckeftaOj:ubkuf.bgif;urf.xSrfsv; vh;bl,uwf:"bAef"aO pAwf:umefOj,Oej,ugj,bl,bof./


166

Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof; Ndof;Ndif:yldif:O[oh.aOw? wgef,wj,qldof:tefyAefeguf;Oj,Oej,wdwf.xdcofqrf. bgef.ckefapjcrf: taOj:utrf,bkuf.bgif;trf,qgh;xSrfsv; vgif;bl,Oof:sv; cof;erf.Ogrf:ymef:cofauj; yAeftefbmyf,bAef:cmefq[oh.bof./ bgef.eefsv; wdwf.xdcofeh. eif,pkdofayj:awvh; bl,imh;Oof:vlrfuGj,eef. tofvmh:ul;yldifyldifaO tgefuefrj:Ogef;Nrf; bl,Oof:e[:Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof;bof./Orf.oj; wdwf.cofrj:Ogef;plrf;Oof:bl, e[:Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof;aOw umefOj,Oej,Oifauj; trf,pAwf:trf,qgrf: yuf:yldifodeD:Tzj:yAefqof;aOtrf,uj: Orf.ymhtofcl:vmh:uof,su,cofeef. cof;rj:qdrfO[, e[:Oj,Oej,xSif;vl:ugef,? bgef.wdwf.xd Ipmef:ygrfcofaO Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof;eh. uof,Oof;oof:rgifrj:vgh:vgh:aO qof;Ipmef:qSwf; Ipmef:rSwf;cofehauj;bgef.vh;pAwf:auj. Ipmef:ygrfcofsv; vgif;umefOj,Oej,Oifauj; trf,pAwf:aO cmef.rj:vgh:"bof./ vgif;qldof:eh. ckefOD,Idxrf,rj,aOj:uvh;pkidef:sv; qif,ymif:tofqof;rguf.uvdykwf.wwdOf.Orj:aO OgefpAef:tofwmif:pkwmif:pef e[:Oj,Oej,aObof.? ymif:Oif,cj,cofqof;ckdef;ymifukrfrlwf:rlwf:aO wmrfwlofckefOD,Idxrf,rj,aOj:u qSwf;xmrfyj:ekdif;bof.yj:ekdif; xwf:Omiftguf,rj:qof;Ipmef:ygrfNuf:rkdef,(60000)aO tofvmh;clof:ckdef:ySwf;rlwf:"bof./

xkdifrj: yDOj,Oej,(235)eD;? (300.BC)eef. qof;rguf.uvdykwf.wwdwf.O qif,tgefNofqof;Ipmef:wj,pAifedkif;aO ckefOD,Id

xrf,rj,aOj:u pyf.tofykef;zgef:yAefwuj,yqf.aq:OD,yl di faO pAwf:Omif;ymifwmif,Oif,uj,bej,xSif;ygu f;urf:Omrf wD;uRif:taOj:uj,Ij,r? e[:rldif:yj,wvdykwf; rldof;vAof(ywf.xej:)bof./Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OD,Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OD,Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OD,Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OD,Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:OD,

Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof; vh;rj:(450)OD,ymuf,pj;Odyf:oj,?(94.BC)eef.? wD;rldif:OD,Nof, yAefwkuf.zduf.cefwIumyf;(umyf;tkdyf:bmuf;)(12)yDvkrf:vkrf:sv; bgef.az:qldof:eef.aOqof;Oif,cj,Ipmef: qldof:pmyf,umefOj,Oej,eef.? rmifqof;rmifyj:Orf.oj; trf,vh;Okif:Oifwgif.rh;wgif.vldwf,bl,aOw eif,pkdofTwj:Tzj:yAefqof; ayj:awtrf,wluf:Nif;wluf:pmheef.qif,uGj,wD;pdrf:zif,erf. egef:wmuf,pmhaOtofOhmbrf:erf.(Ohm:uwf:)eef. wmif,ugifwD;eldofwgif. pAwf:P;wgif.rh;wgif.vldwf,qldof:eef.bAefuGj,ekdif;qlof;ekdif;cmof:aO qif,tlrftmef,vgwf;apj: ydwumwf;Tzj:yAefqof;uGj,bof./

rmifqof;rmifyj: uGj,wD;e[:xldef,e[:cldof: aOpjudefpmuf;Nof? rmuf,rh.rmuf,wguf,? ylduf,rh.ylduf,wguf,aOpAwf:umefOj,Oej,? eif,pkdofOj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof; ayj:awref;ukdrf:uGj,rldof:ej;eef.bof./ omh:aOOdyf:OgifyDwSrf umyf;tkdyf:bmuf;rgwf,bAefuGj,bof.eef.? qldof:yAefzl;tgefNofOif,cj,qof; qif,olef.oj; ]]Tzj:yAefqof;pof: qmrf,edymef,? uGj,auj;ayj:rD: OD,ymuf,pj;Odyf:yDymhbof.? acj;Oif,uGmrf:Ogef Twj:Tzj:yAefqof;pof:eh.? ulnf:tgefueftofOlyf:OAifaO awj.wh,ch;seuefrj:uhg:? omh:vkdef:rldof:ej;rj: qof;Oif,cj,urf;zgif;eh.? pSif:Owd? pSif:

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ynj,? pSif:Owf.xj,? pSif:Orj,xd? pSif:cwf:q[cofawbkyf;bgrf:rj:vhg:"bof.? ayj:awukrf,tofOlyf:OAifaO clef.ch; tlrftmef, awj.wh,uefuGj,bl,wduf:"e.htrf,yAefbof.}}ehaO qof;rpj,xrf,rIuf.cdw qif,tefNofqof;Ipmef:wj,pj;ymuf,aObof. ckefapjcrf:owf.wuj,red pyf.tofykef;zgef:yAefwuj,ywf.aq: OD,yldefaOpAwf:Omif;ymifwmif,Oif,uj,bej, yguf;urf:OD,wD;xrf;tj,avj:u? tefrD:pdrf:omef;vlifrvb e[:rldif:OD,plof,eef.bof./

yguf;urf:xlef;OD,eh. cofqof;trf,tof Olyf:wgif;xmrfvgwf;tmef,eif,yguf;tgef wmif:bof.?tgefuefwSrf;pAwf:yAefwlofvduf; wSrf;O[,oh.eldofvmef:xmef(r[ay,)bof.? rldof; wSrf;eef.qldof:yAefyK,vdref: tofuGmrf:yj,vd(rK,ux)wSrf;oh.aO? qldof:yAeftwf.xuxj,aw. tofuGmrf:OD,Nof,wSrf;oh.bof./Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:pj:Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:pj:Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:pj:Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:pj:Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:pj:

zgif:rl dof;ckefrif:wkif:(rdef:wlif:rif:)wkduf.tkyf.irf:rldif:rmef; rldof;yDOuf.uImwf;(1221)eD;eef. vh;auj,Omif;pAwf:oAif:IweK,ylif,bof.? xkdifrK:(1222)ck? vldefOdyf:Ogifeef. ckefrif:wkif:eh. vh;pyf.tofacj;ygef;Ogef (atK:oK,w) wD;eldofOif,cj,qof;aO eif,pkdofvduf;Ogef.ymhay, TwK:TzK:yAefqof; ayj:awpkdifbmof:cmof:uhvh;eef.yldifekdif;? eif,pkdofvduf;Ogef.ymhay, ayj:awtrf,rD:vgif;ySuf,yldif;uefeef.yldifekdif;? qif,vh;pAwf:yAefvduf;Ogef. cSyf:pdef(vduf;pdef)aO vh;wSrf;bof.uGK, rldof;Ouf.uImwf;(1230)ck? vldefNuf:r[,(14)crf;eef.bof./

vduf;ydwumwf; tefvh;tofwSrf; pAwf:yAefcSyf:pdefeef.-

1 odeh:yj,vdqof; 5-uBrf:? rD:(111)cSyf:/2 tzdxrf,rjyj,vdqof; rD: (208)cSyf:/3 Okwf;wmef, rD:(410)cSyf:? Nrf;uefrD:(729)cSyf:aObof. tofoh.wD;oAif:wj;vdlof,e[:omif:Tzj:vlifavj:urj,Iqdif, (Tzj:vlifuRuf.awj,uBD:) pmef.awj,xkdifbmrf:vAofbof./

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168

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1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

169

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e[:uj;zk defvduf;tgef,Nofeh. cj;pof:zl;wSrf; c[;vmwf;aevgif;auj.puf.? auj.puf.tefoK;eef.auK; rD:wD;ygif,vmhqldof.vmhydlif rldefeif,auj.puf.vduf;vmh:yhmay,? auj.puf.qldof.cldof:omef;rldif:? auj.puf.ayj;sr; aw,uGj,qdlof:eh.rD:bl,wmif:erfwmif:vmh/

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170

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1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

171

bldif;aO qif,aw,tofOef,ax,bl,bof.?wlnf:pj;bldif;qrf. (1)cmof:bmrf:? (2) ukef?(3)aq;wgef;? (4)qldof.cldof:? (5)tj,bl.sr;qof;qldof:eh.bof.? ayj:wlnf:pj;bldif;wArfxlef;bof.eh qif,vlif:aw,Oef,ax, wD;ar:emif:ykif,ej: auj.tefckefquBj.oaw:wdif,c uldof:brfwldif,ymif,aO rD:e[:pmif;apjau,wkrwD,eef.bof.? wif:tefaeK,crf:TzK:qof; udlwf,Nrf;bmrf:vAofuefeef. awyAeftrmwf,wSef:zgif:(18)ukuf.aw,ehbof.? omh:aOuldwf,bof.urf:vAofauj; aej,crf:Tzj:qof; bmif;uGj,qAwf:bmif;aOvmwf;uGmrf:oj; qmwf;eh. yAefqmwf;urf:vkdef:Okwf: wgef;wj,uofbof. trf,rD:xSif;qmwf;v[bof.? vgif;udlwf,xof;yAefwmh trf,rD:sv;uwf:bAefbof.ehbof./ ayj:bmif;ekdif;bmif;auj; rguf,rloftguf,rj:pyf.tofzj, wdefqof;bl,bof./

eif,pk dofaej,crf:Tzj:tqdw awvh;qmrf,ylnf,aq:qdrf, e[:avj:uclif:umifeh. awtguf,rj:yBj;Omwf;vlifOD,vif tefODiof:ref:ayj:rmyf;Ndof;oh.eef.bof.? xkdifcmof:bmrf:tj,bl.vh;rj:bof.auj; aw,wif;ej;Ndef:qgrf:emif:qef,wrkuf.cdaO xkdifvh;rkdef,yDrj:ehudlwf,rj:vkuf;qmh:tgef, FYpfroHObl,bof./

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172

yAefqof;ayj:qgwf,ul;wD;bof./ymefTzj:qof;tIdrAwfawbBeh. Oifoj;

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(1) e[:Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof;auK:wreh.wlofqof;uof,vh;ekif;Omif,ekif;qmif:aO Ogefvduf;Ogefxrf: apj:Twj: pAwf:umefvDOj,Oej,v[/

(2) vkuf;pof:auj;vD? vkuf;yl def;auj;vD?tofcmrf,Omif,cmrf,qmif:v[?

(3) yj:q[yj:acj:aO eyf.brfvkrf:vj:vAif.vlayj:sr;v[?

(4) auj.tefOdefOD,v trf,cmwf,trf,xmwf,aO ref;udkrf:v[?

(5) eif,pkdofOj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof; ayj:awref;udkrf:bkdef:bmof:uGj,eef.? Tzj:? ugif:rl:?qvgyf;? N:xrf;qldof:eh. zl;tefpAwf:Omif;vl,wmef:tef,r[, sr:ukrf:vkrf:vj:tefuof,v[?

(6) auj.zkuf,Ogrf;sv; auj.tefNwf:yefrh.ngif,azj:xdv[?

(7) zl;auj,vl,wmef:vkrf:vj:erf.arj,?Omif;erf.? xmiferf.? clof? wmif:qldof:eh.sv;auj.tefvl,wmef:umyf;Ogrf: tj,Ikif,Ogrf:oef:cofv[?

(8) zl;auj.tefvl,wmef: clof:cgifywf.aq:OD,yj:(Ogrf:? bj;bj? Omif,umef:? owf.uRif:)wD;I pmef:cofqof;v[?

(9) zl;uBmif.urfaz;wldef:urf,rxmef:v[cofqldof:eh. wuf:awvh;xlyf: vh;vl,oh;TzK:yAefqof;tIdrAwfawbB awvh;Mwf;xkdifedyf.ymef,wD;uwf:bAef wD;trf,vl.trf,yAefeef.bl,bof.atj;/

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ej;umefqmof:cldof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,tefxkuf,vDpAwf:qgrf:ul;oef:tefxkuf,vDpAwf:qgrf:ul;oef:tefxkuf,vDpAwf:qgrf:ul;oef:tefxkuf,vDpAwf:qgrf:ul;oef:tefxkuf,vDpAwf:qgrf:ul;oef:D

ayj:oj;ul dwf,yAefrj: qmof:cl dof:ul dof:brfykwf.xehqkdif awvh;tofwmif:N.wmif:bkrf,brfaO pAwf:qgrf:ej;umefwmif:w[;qldof:eh.bof./

(u) oh;Tzj:yAefqof;(u) oh;Tzj:yAefqof;(u) oh;Tzj:yAefqof;(u) oh;Tzj:yAefqof;(u) oh;Tzj:yAefqof;o h; Tzj:y Aefqof; tefoj;eef.qrf.

awvh;tofukif,Tzj:? ukif,Twj:? ukif,Oif,cj,qof;bkrf,brfO[,q[aO oh.P;xdqgrf: tif,uj,pj;yldifbof./ (wdefNofcof,xdwrf:? Oguf,rkdof:vrf:xdwAwf;? ej;zmuf,eSwf;xdqgrf:? vmh:ckyf.ugrf:pj;bldif;?

(c) Olif,rdwf,wj,(c) Olif,rdwf,wj,(c) Olif,rdwf,wj,(c) Olif,rdwf,wj,(c) Olif,rdwf,wj,Olif,rAwf.wj, tefoj;eef.qrf. eif,pkdof

Owf:woj,wmif:vmh awvh;uwf:bAefwlof?uwf:bAefq[eef. tofq[rAwf.wj,aO Olif,bdkef;yef ykef;wj,Owf:woj,wmif:vmhbof./

(i) qAuf,azul.Olof,(i) qAuf,azul.Olof,(i) qAuf,azul.Olof,(i) qAuf,azul.Olof,(i) qAuf,azul.Olof,qAuf,azukOlof,tefoj;eef.qrf. tef

qof;uof,vh;pAwf:umefwj,e? OD,v? zj,o ej,aw,uGj, wmif:vDqldof:eef. zgef:vDref: OlifxkdifOwf:woj,wmif:vmh P;vh;zAif,yAif:uefrldefeif,qof;uof,vh;eef.bof./

Omif,ynfnj,yv (rldif:umofvlif-wmif.bmef:)

(q) pAwf:umefwj,e(q) pAwf:umefwj,e(q) pAwf:umefwj,e(q) pAwf:umefwj,e(q) pAwf:umefwj,epAwf :u mefwj,etefoj ;eef.qr f .

clof:cgifidkef:crf:tefrD:bl,qldof:eef. vgif;vh;tofvl,yef ulef:auj.tefrj:vl,cmrf,sv;Oifvl,qgrf:TzK:qof;? vl,qgrf:Oif,cqof;? vl,erf.? vl,rguf,? vl,'h:qldof:eef.sv;Oif awvh;oh.q[zdluf,qkdef;cmofO[aO vl,wmef:yefuGj,bof.?

(O) ykef;wj,Oj,Oej,qof;ykef;wj,Oj,Oej,qof;ykef;wj,Oj,Oej,qof;ykef;wj,Oj,Oej,qof;ykef;wj,Oj,Oej,qof; awref;udkrf:uGj,cmof:pk dif awref;udkrf:uGj,cmof:pk dif awref;udkrf:uGj,cmof:pk dif awref;udkrf:uGj,cmof:pk dif awref;udkrf:uGj,cmof:pk dif awvh;cwf:q awvh;cwf:q awvh;cwf:q awvh;cwf:q awvh;cwf:q[

ykef;wj,Oj,Oej,qof; awref;ud krf:uGj,cmof:pkdif awvh;cwf:q[tefoj;eef.qrf.-wlofq[qof;uof,awvh;cwf:q[ ykef,wj,Oj,Oej, Ndof;Ndif:uGj,rldof:ej; cmof:pkdifeef.bof.?eif,pkdofvgif;rlduf,wkqIlduf; awtrf,yAefrj:eef. vgif;cwf:q[sv;Oif? eif,pkdofvgif;vDOkqIlduf; awref;udkrf:rj:eef. vgif;cwf:q[sv;Oif? wlofuof,cof;pAwf:umef Oj,Oej,sv;Oif? vgif;vh;qgh;xSrfOif,cj,qof;sv; ulef:qldof:pAwf:umefyIdbwfwdsv;Oif vgif;vh;qgh;xSrfOif,cj,qof;sv; ulef:ql do f:uBmif.urf


174

ywdymwf,eef.sv;Oif? vgif;pAwf:qgrf:uGmrf:Oif,Ogef vduf;xrf:qof;qldof:eef.sv;Oif?vgif;cwf:q[pAwf:Omif;umefOj,Oej, e[:omef;e[:Olef e[:oAif: e[:Ndef:qof;uof,qldof:eef.sv;Oif ej;umefqldof:eh. yAefej;umeftefawpAwf:P;Oj,Oej,ref; udkrf:uGj,cmof:pkdifaw.bof./

(n) vgif;cwf:q[zj,oej,(n) vgif;cwf:q[zj,oej,(n) vgif;cwf:q[zj,oej,(n) vgif;cwf:q[zj,oej,(n) vgif;cwf:q[zj,oej,vgif;cwf:q[zj,oej, tefoj;eef. qrf.

yAefvgif;cwf:q[ wlnf:qgrf:wlofcef,xj,qof;uof, vgif;oj;ref:trf,ref;trf,ukdrf:? yAefvgif;wkuf.cvmhvmh? trf,rD:vgif;ref;udkrf:Oif?vgif;cwf:q[ P;vh;N.pefTwj:qSwf;rmef,? quGj,qldof:eef.bof./ eif,uj;oj;rj: ej;umefNuf:yldifqldof:eh. yAefej;umeftef qmof:cldof:ykwf.xzj,Oj, xkuf,vDpAwf:qgrf:ul;oef:bof./

ek dif;oef:ek dif;yguf;ulnf:trf,uj: Oifcwf:q[pAwf:qgrf:vmhvmhyguf;qkdif rD:zgef:vDaw.bof./

zkdeftdif-Akk'¨\"r®tjrifarGrsm;

Oj,Oej,ykwf.xpof:Oj,Oej,ykwf.xpof:Oj,Oej,ykwf.xpof:Oj,Oej,ykwf.xpof:Oj,Oej,ykwf.xpof:umyf;ymefr[,umyf;ymefr[,umyf;ymefr[,umyf;ymefr[,umyf;ymefr[,

wSrf;_ OldofvAof:pmefomef;zmh,

pof:rj:vAyf;pAef:tofwlnf: qmof:cl do f:Oj,Oej,ykwf.xpof: e[:umyf;ymefr[,eh. vSuf;vmh;uGj,wmif:erfaw.aw.? trf,rldefrldof;ymefyl,ymefrgef,pof:? ulnf:uj; bgef.yldof;yAefumyf;ymefr[,sv; pAwf:P;qmof:cldof:ykwf.xpof: vSuf;vmh;uGK,?ulef:tefeyf.brfOj,Oej,ykwf.xOrf. at,bgrf:vlif:uGj,? ulef:pmh.ulef:vldif: ulef:teftrf,bkrf,brfOj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;Orf. eyf.brf?ulef:cldof:pof:uGj,eyf.brfOj,Oej,yldef;auj;rD:?ulef:yldef;rjeyf.brfOj,Oej,ykwf.xpof:auj;rD:? bgef.ydlof;eef pAwf:P;rldif:ulef: vSuf;vmh;uGj,wmif:erf? trf,eef pAwf:P;ulef:ykwf.xpof:vSuf;vmh;uGj,wmif:erf? pAwf:P;ulef:Oj,Oej,yldef; vSuf;vmh;uGj,wmif:erf bgef.Oifehayj:c[;N.pof:vlof,rj:uguf:wlnf:ykdef:umyf;ymefr[,ref:rldefqldif.eif, ulef:trf,bmrf;vh; cD,rj.aOyguf; c[;oj;ulef:teftrf,bmrf;vh; udeftguf,r[, cdlif;teftguf,r[,eef.bof.? Oifoj;ref:vh;cD, vh;qmrf: vh;qdrf:wlnf:eh ulef:auj.eef.qmif;tofqyf:q[aO uGj,pjvmwf;seyldef;pAwf:P;ulef:pof:arjbldif; arjqgrf: arjtofarjpAwf: uGj,wmif:OAif; ukrf,auBj,ukrf,rlef;qgrf:rl di f:umyf;ymefr[, pAwf:eefuGj,ck def:ck def:oef:oef: trf,olef.xkdifumefvDul.Olof, Orf.olef.pAwf:umeftul.Olof,ulnf:sv; pAwf:P;cmof:

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bmrf:ek di f;oef:ek di f;c di f, ek di f;qlof;rli f:ulef:pof:Okrf:uGj,ul;vldeful;yDbof./ umyf;ymefr[,tefoj;eef. ayj:trf,arjqgrf:umyf; qgrf:ymefref:auj; qmif;tgefulef:pof:uGj,Mwf;xkdifrldif:tay,OD,zkif,eef.bl,/bgef:Oif,xkdifyD;egif.ykwf.xpof:

(1) bj,uGj,yAefulef:cldof:yldef;?(2) bj,uGj,tofulef:cldof:ydlef;?(3) bj,uGj,eyf.brfzj,Oj,yldef; P;arj puf.

Mrf'dif;xkif:qkdof.cl dof: zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,ykwf.x qof;uof,aOurf:vlnfwj./

vlof,vh;rD:vlof,vh;rD:vlof,vh;rD:vlof,vh;rD:vlof,vh;rD:1. wj,qkuf:ref;vh;

e[:su;umifulef:erfeef.vlof,vh;rD:ynfnj,?

2. wj,awyAefzl;tgefNofvDeef.vlof,vh;rD:ynfnj,Owf.xj,sv;vgif;bkrf,brf?

3. wj,qldof.cldof:awtrf,wSuf,bmh;uefeef.vlof,vh;rD:vgif;zgrf.Nrfuef

4. wj,uGmrf:pof:vduf;pof:awtrf,vh;pmheef.vlof,vh;vmwf;uGmrf:wh:Ogefvduf;wh:OlarjuGmrf:yldef;auj;bj,vkdrf:qldof.cldof:zj,Oj,Oj,Oej,'dif;xkif: uGmrf:wh:vduf;wh:qof;uof,ej; tlnf:auj./

* qAifoef:vDyDr[,qAifO[,pSif:olef.Omif;qAifpmif;yefqkrf:qdlof:qAifwdlof:oh.yAefyyf.qAifvyf.Odkyf,ymhurfqAifirfydkeful;igef;qAifJy[.pyf.wgef;bl,wj,aOatj;/

* crf:vDqdkof;OAifb[,crf:ch,sz;wdlef:uGmif;crf:qmif;vh;ydkif;udlof:crf:Ohg;Ndof:ugifcyf.crf:eyf.tmef,wgef:erfcrf:uwf.brfyAefugef;crf:Julef:cgef;uefpjtrf,xmwf,atj;/

* vSif:vDpuf.qlrf:z[,vSif:wh,cdkef;bkuf.bmif;vSif:ykef;ymif;wj,cdlof:vSif:rdlof:Oiftrf,wyf.vSif:cyf.Ndof;bl,qrfvSif:wrfzj.ayj:bgef;vSif:JvifMef;ydlif:bl,ul;bmrf:atj;/

qgrfpmefcdlof:(omef;ykif,-rdlif:bh)

qAifcrf:vSif:qAifcrf:vSif:qAifcrf:vSif:qAifcrf:vSif:qAifcrf:vSif:


176

rldif:wh:sv;bAef,si;qof;Omif,qeu (rldif:Ol;)

qlof;cmof:wj;ukif;

eldofurf,'j,vlifeh. rldif:ekdif;sv;rldif:ekdif;ulef:qldof.v[cl dof:eef. tgefuefbkrf,brfpuf.qldof.puf.cldof: puf.omef; puf.rldif: puf.zj,Oj,puf.Oj,Oej, pif:z[pif:ref:bl,? eif,pkdofulef:e[:urf,zj,vlifeh. ayj:awN.quf:pof:rj:eef. awvh;N.vgif;N.wmif:ckdifygifyefbl,/

qldof.ildef;cldof:ulef:pof: eif,pkdofawckdef;b[, r[,Okifrj:eef. vDvh;yefpSif: bdyf:uSrf:zmh,bAef,si;pof:bl,sv; vgif;cldof:ulef:pof:eh.ref:ckdef;b[,r[,Okifrj:pkdof` ref:blyf;bgrf:ogwf;omh:pmhuGK,bl,pkdof tefoj;eef. rD:eldofvgif;bAef,si;pof:eh.bof./

ayj:bAef,si;pof:pmhauj; vduf;pof:awpmh?ayj:vduf;pof:phmauj; qldof.cldof:pof:awpmh? ayj:qldof.cldof:pof:pmhauj; omef;rldif:pof:awpmhbl,/

1. vduf;vmh:ymhay,1. vduf;vmh:ymhay,1. vduf;vmh:ymhay,1. vduf;vmh:ymhay,1. vduf;vmh:ymhay,ulef:pof:qldof.v[cldof:eef. vduf;z[vduf;

ref:rD:bl, ulef:cldof: qldof:trf,rD:vduf;eef.trf,ckdwf:umyf;ckdwf:ymef wluf:vkdef:yldef;bl,?rh.rSef;trf,rldefeif,rkdof:xkdif cl:eifekdif trf,rldefeif,Olyf:wlif.oj;ehbof.? vduf;ydlef; trf,rldefeif,vduf;pof: uGmrf:yldef; trf,rldefeif,uGmrf:pof: Olyf:ydlef; trf,rldef,eif,Olyf:pof:?q[yldef; trf,rldefeif,q[pof:? qldof.cldof:yldef;trf,rldefeif,qldof.cldof:pof: rD:eif,eh? ayj:rkdof:pof:xkdifbl,qkdif tofrkdof:bdyf:wj.? ayj:Olyf:pof:

rD:bl,qkdif tofOlyf:pof:udefwj.? ayj:vduf;pof:rD:bl,qkdif tofvduf;pof:bdyf:wkdof:wj.? eif,pkdofawarjvduf; awN.vduf;pof:eef. awvh;cwf:q[uefbl,? ckdef:bdyf:wkdof:vduf;pof:wj. ayj:arjvduf;pof:bof. vduf;yldef;auj; vDvh;arj vDvh;N.yj:bl,/

2. ynfnj,2. ynfnj,2. ynfnj,2. ynfnj,2. ynfnj,umeftefarjqmuf;arjrk do f: umefawj:

pkuf,awj:uknfv[ umefOmef umefcwf: umefqmif;vAuf:qmif;wgif: umefqmif;idkef: qmif;crf:umefwgif;rguf,wgif;r[ umefwSrf;qmwf;wSrf;qldif:umefcSuf:vduf;cSuf:vmh: umefpAwf:arK;pAwf:omef,wlnf:xmwf; ecmwf;vldefvmof Okdyf,ymefvmrf:rj: qArfrldof;ymefyl,ymefrgef, pmef.awj,xkdifymefrldof;vAofeh. pAwf:yAefbof.sv;Oif? pAwf:pmif.oh.sv;Oif? qgrf:umyf;qgrf:ymefsepmif;sewlofvh; tefrldefawpAwf:yAefvh;uGj, oef:vkdef:rldof:ej; P;vh;ckuf:clef.olef.tguf, xwf:Omh,umh,qmyf; xmyf;xSif;ckdifygifpAwf:qgrf: bldif;qgrf:yefpSif:qgrf:bl,/

3. Omhqldof.Ndof,ch:3. Omhqldof.Ndof,ch:3. Omhqldof.Ndof,ch:3. Omhqldof.Ndof,ch:3. Omhqldof.Ndof,ch:wh:pof:rD:wD;v[rD:pAif:v[ yAefzl;yAefz[

bl,qldif.pkdofudefqldif.pkdof pAwf:udefumefOif arjoh.N.oh.tD;Oif ckdef;b[,r[,Okifbl,pkdof? wluf:abj;oh.bl,pkdof? ogwf;omh:pmhuGj,bl,vgh:vhg:pkdofqldof:eh. ckuf:clef.olef.tguf,xwf:pjOmh,pjqkdif oef:ekdif;qof.qof. awvh;xlyf:pefbl,? yl,rgef,pof:cofcl:arjvlifpof:cof pAwf:oh.seoh. ukdwf:oh.Mh:rkdof:vmh:rkdof: ykef;wj,vkuf;vmefvdefvgef N.qgrf:pefqgrf: bldif;qgrf:pAwf:qgrf: bdyf:qgrf:urfqgrf:olef.qgrf:ckdifygifqgrf: yAefqgrf:eef.bl,/

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177

(u)umefyl,umefrgef,pof: pAwf:oh.yAefoh.rD:oh.qldof:eef. awvh;pjwlnf:qgrf: e[:ykdef.Okdef: e[:vduf;uof,vduf;r[, uGmrf:uof,uGmrf:rgefxkif:wh:pof:rldof;ugef, ul;yguf;yguf;eef.bof.? awvh;wlnf:qgrf: rldof;tmyf,vldef? cmrf,Omif,cmrf,qmif:? ygh:vl,ygh:wmef:? vgif;rmof,vgif;Omof? aw,ej;apjawjNdef:? pAwf:Ndef:r[, ckdef;Ndef:r[,?cSuf,vDymifqj.? qhg;uefxSrfuefpSef:vl, pSef:wmef:? uef,awj:ayj;xof;sr;su, Ogef:erf.Ogef:Tzj:? yefqkdof;r[,O[,yefqkdof;vDqldof:eh.bl,/

(c) Olduf;Orf,cof;ueftguf,uef Ndef:w[;Ndef:edlof? yguf.w[;yguf.eldof? omef;w[;omefeldoftldif,w[,tldif,eldof? rldif:w[;rldif:eldof? tguf,omef;tguf,rldif: vgif;bAef,si;rD:oh.eif,pkdof? pyf.Nrfqlrf:wgef;uef qgh;xSrfyefpSif:q[uef? N.ukif,wgyf,ukifuef rkdwf;ukdof:uef ykdif;tdifuef auBj,Oldof:rlef;qgrf:uef vSuf;uefvmh;uef vgif;bAefsi; qArfrldof;ymefyl,ymefrgef,bl,/

(i) cgifuof,cl di f;clof: cl di f;ekif;wmif:rhclof:Ndef:zdlefomef, cldif;bdyf:wmif:q[. cldif;qof;cldif;ckef cldif;uj.cldif;cmh cldifvl,cldif;wmef: cldif;auBj,cldif;rlef; pAwf:oh.rD:oh.qArfv[ Mh:rkdof:vmh:rkdof:rldof;ugef, yl,rgef,emh:bj;cof tefogwf;omh:pmhuGj,qldof:eef. vDvh;clef.olef.Oguf;pjwlnf:ckdef:bl,/

(q) wlIdbj,-vgif;auBj,rlef;ymifygh:wh: pof:rD:oh.vmhqldof.vmhrAof:aOwj. udkwf:oh.ugifrgif:vgif;ugiftSif;bmof:ulnf: uGmrf:ehauj;uGmrf:vlif?uGmrf:tgef,? uGmrf:oguf:? uGmrf:uAof;uGmrf:cgwf,? uGmrf:wj.?uGmrf:au;? uGmrf:puf.uGmrf:ySif:? uGmrf:ayBj,uGmrf:rlef;?vDsr:eif,pkdof vDckdifeif,pkdoftefoj;eef. vD

yefpSif:uefbl,? rldof;vAofeh. rldif:b[,rldif:vlifcofuGj,Ol,uGj,q[:uef rldif:edkif;sv;rldif:ekdif; cof;tguf,uef pjrkdwf;pjukdof:uef wmif:rkuf.qkrf:wl,Idbj, arjph, arjwkdif; arjuj; ulef:qmh:emif:bdif: uGj,ayBj,rlef; P;ayj:yAefwrf:cgwf,wuf.rmwf;eSef;udefuSef,uefeef.bof./

ulnf:uj; rldif:Nnf;rldif:vhgpof: ydlof;oj;yh,N.vgif;ref:auj;yldifekdif;? auj.yefpSif:auj;yh,rD:yldifekdif;? wj,awP;e[:rldif:bif:yh,rD:sv; yAeftefyh,vh;uGK,qgrf:ydlef; eguf;omef;eguf;rldif:eef. vDvh;q[vSuf.acj:clrfbl, vgif;bAef,si;eh. e[:rldif:wh:pof:xkuf,vDvh;yefpSif:uefaw.aw.? vgif;eh. ref:yAefiof;pmuf;omef;rldif:yAefukif,OaI,sr;rldif:yldifekdif;sv; ayj:trf,rD:vgif;bAef,si;ehqkdif omef;rldif:eh. wj,awckdef;b[,r[,Okifrj: ref:yh,imh;" vh;rkif;pefeif,eefbof./

zkdeftdif- trSwf(5) &efukefwuúokdvfwkdif;

vli,fpmapmif-teftdwf,tguf,rldof;yD(1960)

zl;pjwmif:pl. ulef:tefrD:e[:vyf:Odif,eef.Oifoj;ref:ch;pefOhmvSif:qdkif?

ref:vlof,tguf,ylef. e[:vyf:Odif,eef.aOqgif,awpefOhmvSif:/

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qgrf:eif,uGmrf;uof,uGmrf:rgef, yl,rgef,emh:bj;oj;oh.rldof;eef.]]pAwf:OifpAwf:aw.aw. ayj:vh;trf,ay.udef}}tefoj;eef. ayj:rj:olef.wlnf:wD;ygif,ref:vD" pmif;vkduf.vrf,oh.sw."bl,bof.? zl;v[aOrof,oj; bdif:qmh:ul;auj.qArfvAuf.qArfb[, w[;vkrf;'j.eh. ayj:oj;N.ygif,Ozj,oOazj:ref: tefoj;]]pAwf:OifpAwf:aw.aw. ayj:vh;trf,ay.udef}}ehsv; pAwf:umefOifauj;bof.? ayj:oj;oh.q[vD"aOpAwf:qkdifteftrf,yAefteftrf,bof.wlof;eef. wkdef:trf,rD:vj:vj:]]ayj:cwf:q[uBLof:qj: c[;yAefTzK:trf,umwf;}} TOK,vlifcofqof;Oif,Ogefygef;yefvmwf;oh.qdlif.eif,ehbof./ ]]pAwf:OifpAwf:aw.aw.}}uGmrf:acK;eh. ayj:tofwlofTwj:twfwref:oj; vh;]]oDIdbaqwOduf;}}bof.? oDIdbaq,wOduf;eh. uGmrf:wh:pof:ygif,oj;]]uh.cwf:q[}}oj;ehbof.? (uh.)tefoj;eef.auj;]uh.}vlnf;umefvD ]uh.}vlnf;umefpmh. rD:Ogifyldif?tefuyf:umh,zmh,umefvD uh.pAwf:umefeef. vh;oj; ]]Orf,rj,ojbj,r}}ehbof.? tefuyf:umh,vlnf;umeftrf,vD umefvgif;rdluf;eef. vh;oj;yAef]]rdwf.Oj,ojbj,r}}eef.bof.? cof;yj:e[:wmif:uGj,]]tyjbuwd}}wkuf.crldif:cAef wD;tefvgwf;umif:uwf:bAefeef.bof./

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sv;tmh;ilof. wh:auj.uefOgifauj.eh. cjtkyf,uef vgif;tefwlofuof,awbl,uGj,udefuGj, yAefulef:uGj,oef:wjrldof:ej;eef. trAof:ulef:pof:eh. rldof;pof:vAuf. vh;Mif.yldef;oj;yD;oj;vkif: oj;yl,eh ayj:pof:b[,rj:wduf:wduf: yldef;Orf.awMif.pof: oj;yD; oj;vkif: oj;yl,eheif,uof, trf,pmif.bof.? rj:wlnf:pj:TOj,ay:eh. tOmuf;auj;ayj:vh;Odyf:pj;Odyf:Nuf:bof.? wD;vDvh;ykdif;tdif ukdif,wmef,ayj:awyAefyD; yAefNofydlef;nmef,ynfnj,wmif:arjauj; trf,rD:trf,arjOif? idkef:crf:clof:vAif:ydwf.aq:auj; P;ayj:wArfxlef;oh.yh,rD:Oif? wkduf.ykdif;tdifayj;sr;yD;egif.bl,? eh.yAefcgifuof tguf,e[:wdefe[:rkdof:uoftldof;tefeh.eh bif:yh,pefaOrAof: ukrf,yAefvgif;tj:ulof:aOj.rSyf:ySyf.iof: Oof:w[;Nrf;yldef;bl,? rldof;pj:vAuf.eh. yAefvmefqmh:yl, ayj:pj:b[,rj:Orf. awyAefyl,qgrf:vmefuGj,blof.at.?uGmrf:xkif:yldef;oj; rldof;vAuf.trf,cwf:q[ ayj:b[,rK:qif,N.eheef. ]]qif,N.}}tefoK;eef.ayj:b[,rj: trf,rD:ynfnj,wmif:arjOif trf,Ogefoh.wmif:arjOifqkdif qif,N.erf.uwf.uGj;ehN.erf.uwf.uGj;tefoj;eef. ref:trf,q[;uGmrf:vDulnf: ref:awcmefq[aw.? ayj:b[,rj:bof.qif,pjwD;ydkif;wD;tdif ynfnj,wmif:arjqkdifyldef;oj;ref:bmyf,ej,oj, qgif,yldef;trf,oj;]]crf;bof.qif,wmuf,cof; xof;bof.qif,Ogefxrf: OgeftofNdof,ayj:brf:trf,vh;}}ehpkdof?q[;tldof; pj:vlof,Ogefynfnj,bof.auj.tlnf:?yldef;oK; ayj:trf,rD:ynfnj,auj; trf,rD:idkef:crf:clof:vAif:oj, ayj:rD:ynfnj,bof.qkdif rldefeif,rD:idkef:crf:bl,bof./ q[;aw.bof. tef

auj.pof:oj; ayK:rD:ynfnj,qif,rD;tkuf.qj,tefoj;eef. ulnf:uj; pj:idef:uGmrf:cdif:pof:oj;idkef:crf:rD:ul;ymhrh. zl;v[uh.auj;ref:vh;oj;ehtldof;? ayj:pof:uh.sw. idkef:crf:eh. wuf:awrD:bl,? q[;bof. ulnf:ayj:trf,rD:wmif:arj idkef:crf:rD:ul;ymhrh.aOwj.auj; trf,qmif;tof trf,arjtof trf,arjpAwf: P;ref:yAefidkef:yAefcrf:vlif auj.vlifpof:auj; rD:wmif:uh.aOvmh pAwf:Oifauj; ayj:trf,yj:nmef, ref:yh,cSrf.auj.tlnf:? oj;eh tkyf,uefuGj,"ckdef:" q[c[;arjynfnj,eef. rD:erfrj:wduf:"pif:z[pif:ref:bl,bof./ urf:eef.J cjqif,wldif,ymif,uefoj;uGK,vj; pof:rdlof:bgef:tcGmif.ayj;sr;pj: pif:z[pif:ref: P;vh;uGj,pjOgefwmif:arjvj;? qlof:uef zgrf.vh;q[uefaOsv; qif,zmwf,uefuGj,ql:Ndef:z[Ndef:ref:aObof. qif,rldof:bgef:tcGmif.ayj;sr;? ayj;sr;cofauj; ugyf;yldof;yAefulef:N.quf:olwf.Twj:sv; qif,wuf:teknmwf;cGmif.yef P;vgwf;az:vgwf;vmef, P;rD:wmif:qmif;wmif:arj b[,"erf" zDpefzDpuf.ulef:pefulef:puf. P;yAefeif,Nofq[Nofacj:cldofaOwj.Joj;eh/ cjauj;qlrf:ej, Oj,xjJOj,xk JOj,xktofaO yj:clof:yj:vAif:z[ref:wgyf:bgifwgyf:bgifvlif tguf,omef;uGj,qgrf:uefbl,bof./ rldof;ul;yguf; ayj:uGj,Ogefynfnj, yldef;uGj,Ogefwmif:rdlif:wufuOlof,ykef.ulnf:"bof.?cjauj;idef:yldef;oj; rldif:wuf.uOlof,rD:wmif:eef.ehsv; oh.ej;pwf:wwf:vwf:cof; yj,rh.yj,xldef, cof;xldef,cof;cldof:vlif uGj,wduf:" cdkef;Nnf;vlif:vhg tguf,ymif,yhz[: crf;bof.egef:rl dif:vSif:rj:uGj, pAwf:ehwduf:wduf: ul;oef:


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wD:vyf.tefoj;eef.auj; ref:rD:oh.zgef:vD zgef:pmh.qj.wmif:Ogifyldifbof.? wD;vyf.tefyefq[ulef:pof:uwf:bAef yefzgef:vDykef;wj,ulef:auj.tef trf,bmrf;bl,Oof:wD;arj:yef:tleftmefeef.sw. Oifoj;cofvh;bl,wD;vyf.bof.ayj:ehqdkif cofbif:awvh;Twj:uGj,auj;qmif;awyAefvh;bl,? ulnf:uj; rmifqldof:eh. c[;bl,wD;vyf.wjulef: wD;uhwjulef:wD;tefyldef;trf,rj:N.qgrf: pefqgrf:vh;eef.

bgef.ydlof;wj,awpAwf:Omif; vgif;trf,vDsv;umefzdwf:Odef tduf,wmif:rm hrD;qk dif;rl di f:(trf,eef) umefvyf:Odif,qldof:eh.bof.? ykef;wj,ulef:auj.tefarjxdif:wlofxdif:q[ rD:wif:wmif:N.ynfnj,olef.ch;q[qgrf:cofaw. yAuf.Orf.oj; vh;bl,wD;vyf.auj; cofwkdef:awyAeftefvD ykef;wj,wlofcofsv; qmwf;ymefcofbl,bof.? ykefwj,ulef:auj.tef wmif:N.yh,uSef,cSiftrf,yh,arjxdif:wlof xdif:q[cofeef.sw. qmif;yAefaz:pmh.aOtrf,uj: qmif;Okrf:qmwf;Okrf:ymefcofqgrf:ugef,bof.? tefvrf,vgif;ref:sw. ulef:qmh:ekrf,sv; emif:bdif:ekrf,cofqldof:eh. Oifoj;cofvh;bl,wD;vyf.bof.eh cofawpAwf:Omif; vgif;tefoj; ulef:udefqmif;wmhulef:chmcrfcguf;cofeef.bof./

bgef.ydlof;eefsv; ulef:pof:urf;yj; erfOifoj;bl,wD;vyf.bof.ayj:ehqkdif wj,awpAwf:vgif;vD olef.vgif;vDeh. ref:wkdef:awrD:bmyf,aO awtrf,Ol;rD:z[eef.bof./ ulef:pof:e[:vkrf;'j.eh. ayj:oj;uGj,rj: wD;vyf.wKulef:bof.ayj:ehqkdif urf;erf"sw. awyAefulef:qldof:tefpAwf:umefzdwf:Odefsv; Omefcwf:rmhrD;qkdif;rldif:qldof:eef.bof./ auj.teftrf,yh,arjoh.omif:q[eef. ayj:oj;bl,wD;vyf.bof.auj; awyAefulef:auj.tefpAwf:qgrf:wmif:c[;yAefsv; Okdyf,pAwf:vgif;trf,Omif,xkuf,zdwf:"zlef"uGj,wduf:"eef.bof./ ugyf;Oifsv;vh;oj;qldif.eh ayj:ehqkdif ulef:rldif:yldef;sv;ulef:rldif:pof:eh. vhm:bl,wD;vyf.ref:trf,rldefuefeef.bof./ ulef:rldif:yl def;urf;yj;erfsw. ayj:oj;bl,wD;vyf.bof.ayj:eh yldef;

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pjvlvduf;wlnf:cmof,imof:sv; olef.wj,awpAwf:Omif;ej;umef qldof:tefyldef;bif:yh,olef.nj:eef.bof.? ulef:rdlif:pof:Orf. Oifoj;bl,wD;vyf.eh wj,awyAefTwK:tefoj;eef.cSef:uhvj; urf;erf qgrf:eiftefzl;wSrf;vduf;vmrf:wlnf:sw. awyAefvgif;trf,vDtefTOj,ayj;sr;sv; cl:OgefarjOgef trf,OgefyefaO yAefvmh:ynfnj,tefwluf:wSrf;teftrf,yj:zgef:vDwj,wlofqof;uof,eef.bof./

xSif;vgif;ekdif; ayj:tofacj;OifOgefrkefcrf:ykwf.xTzj:yAefqof;pof:oj;sw. tefvh;bmyf,bl,wmif:OAif;wmif:rlwf:eh. yAefbgef.q[vgef.vgef.ehbof./ tefulef:pof:vh;awj,Ol;clif:umif vh;ph;vh;clof vh;cDvh;Oldof: ugyf;ref:bl,oef:ckdef:qldof:eh.auj; yAefbgef.q[pof:eef.bof./ rmifwD;rmifwmif:eh. ySuf.Orf.oj;wlofpof:trf,uGj,vh; wD;tefvyf.eef.auj; q[pof:eh. ref:qmif;cmh.uGK,Mwf;xkdifvh; wD;tefvyf.eef.wj,aObof./ ulnf:uj;J Oifoj;q[pof:olef.uGK,nj: vgif;tefvyf.trf,vDbof.ayj:ehqkdif bj,ayckdef:Odkyf,olef.qgrf:xSif;bof.vj;? Oifoj;ckdef:Okdyf,olef.qgrf:ayj:ehqkdifawqmif;tofwlofulef:pof: bAef:yAefvgif;teftrf,vDeef.bof./ bgef.ydlof;q[eh.bof.wKawso;vh; vgif;tefq[c[;yAefeef. ref:bmyf,ej,aw.? ulnf:ej, bmyf,wmef,v[auj; rD:vmh:blwf:bjref:bof./ bmrf:rldof;vAof wj,awap.pmrf; vgif;tefq[c[;yAef wlofc[;uGj,pAwf:qldof:eef. qof;zl;vlif.vSef,ymh:Omh(Scientist)cofoK; P;pAwf:umeftguf:atKehbof./ vmh:pAwf:umef

tguf:atjOrf. awvh;pAwf:pkdofayj: ehqkdif-

1. awvh;wlnf:vduf;?2. tofynfnj,aO ch;q[olef.wlnf:?3. tofq[qyf:eldofumef wj,awpAwf:rldof;

zkuf;?4. xgrf,xrf:Twj:qldof:eh.bof./rldefeif,e[:zkdefvduf; zj,Oj,rl,Ovdrf,

cofaw.oj; wD;vyf.wjulef:eef. pAwf:vgif;vDsv; umeftrf,vDeef. pAwf:P;yldef;N.pefqgrf:sv;eh.bof./ qgrf:eif,pof:qmof:cldof: uldof:brfykwf.xzj,Oj,sw. Tzj:yAefqof;pof:OifOgefoh.sw.oj; ]]tIprf,}}ehbof.? ]tIprf,}eh. ayj:cef,ykuf;ref: tofvmh:Owf.wj,oj;sw. umefrlduf;tefpAwf:wD;vyf.wjulef:eef.?trf,rD:Tzj:yAefqof;ehtldof;? ugyf;eef ulef:tefpAwf:umefrlduf;bl,wD;vyf.eef. cofauj;trf,rD:q[tdwf:vlTwj:edlofyldef;ehbof./

zuf:omefwh:zuf:omefwh:zuf:omefwh:zuf:omefwh:zuf:omefwh:aqj: uSif tkyf. clof;Oj; ulof; rluf: pkif

tSyf. vmrf edkif; Oguf:wrf eguf: aq; wkifrgif bSef; vl; tgif,rdkyf; qgrf, vmh:pkifydif; qD, qguf:zh:

zuf:wh:qef.ref:Okif/qof;tIdborf,O(erf.N:egh.)qof;tIdborf,O(erf.N:egh.)qof;tIdborf,O(erf.N:egh.)qof;tIdborf,O(erf.N:egh.)qof;tIdborf,O(erf.N:egh.)


188

qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,OD,auj.qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,OD,auj.qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,OD,auj.qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,OD,auj.qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,OD,auj.qof;eefwOjrd (rldif:bh)

18-21.8.2013e[:vkrf;'j.vlifeh. qmof:cldof:tefuldof:brf

ykwf.xqof;wif:erfeef. cof;yj:oh.cldof:wh:pof:bl,cldof:ekdif;? ulnf:uj; yAefcldof:ulef:tefbkrfbrfuldof:vD ykwf.xzK,Oj,bl,aOwj.auj;urf;yj;erfsw. yAefqmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,qgrf:Mh: tefayj;sr;tgefeyf.brfuldof:vDrj: ymefugef,ykef.ulnf:? tefrmef;cofoj; ]]rd&kd;zvm

Ak'¨bmom}}eheef.bof.? vgif;ykwf.xsv;Oif vgif;zj,Oj,sv;Oif ayj:rj:xmrfwlnf:aw."eh urf;yj;erf trf,N.ygif,qSif;vSif:wSwf;eSwf;vDaOauj.eif,uof,? rmifauj. trf,N.vgif;ykwf.xzj,Oj,ehauj; bl,vlnf;wmif:trf,N.aO trf,pjvAyf;pAef:OgeftofP;ayj:N./

qof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,tefoj;eh. ayj:rj:qSuf,azwlnf:qkdif awvh;pefrD:OD,wgef;-ykwf.x?zj,Oj,?ykwf.xzj,Oj,?qmof:ykwf.xzK,Oj,ehbof./ ykwf.xtefoj;eef. yAef]]TzK:}}? zj,Oj,tefoj;eef.yAef]]acj;uGmrf:}}?ykwf.xzj,Oj,tefoj;eef. yAef]]acj;uGmrf:Tzj:}}? qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,tefoj;eef. ygif,oj;]]ulef:qldof:tefxgrf,wkif:tofacj;uGmrf:Tzj:yAefqof; qldof:eef.bof.? awj;vAofaw. acj:uGmrf:Tzj:yAefqof;eef. xgrf,trf,xgrf,auj;ayj:oj;yAefulef:tefuldwf,rj: wD;ayj;sr;qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,ehauj; oj;yAefqmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,ehwduf:wduf:bof./

wD;tefoj;ykwf.xeh. yAefTzj:eheef.bgef.yAefzl;tefN.pefOwf.qj,OD,yj: Twj:

qkdof;q[;vlif wgef;zDOmifOwf:ulef:cofsv;qif,oj;Tzj:ehbof./ tefzDOmifOwf:ulef:cof tofTzj:ckdef;yAefqof;yAefqgrfeh. OifTzj:yAefqof; N.Twj:tefqSwf;tefq[;ugef,qldof:yAefvkuf;egif. Oj,Oucofqof; qif,awN.Twj:tefqSwf;tefq[;bof./

Oifoj;aOauj.auj. pyf.cmrf,qkdof; tefoj;Tzj:? trf,eef qof;qgrfzl;tgefNofehaOvgif;tefref:N.eefOrf. yAeftefzdwf:tefyldif;vmhvmhulnf:qkdif qldof:yAefvkuf;egif.ref:auj; awN.arjtefzdwf:tefydlif;vmh"ulnf:bof./ ugyf;eef tefqof;uof,oj; Tzj:tefoj;eef. Orf.yAefTzj:qldif.pkdof` vgif;uBmif.urfref:rD:qldif.pkdof` ayj:bkrf,brfuldof:vDqkdif awyefzgef:vDtD;Oif sw,uGK,qldof:eh. xkuf,vDN.oh.xK; P;ayj:wSuf,vSif: bl,bof./

eif,pkdofawN.awygif, vgif;Olduf;ykdef:Tzj:yAefqldif.pkdof rD:qldif.pkdoftefoj;eef. vDvh;vAyf;pAef:Ogeftof vgif;Odluf;ydkef:Tzj: rdlefeif, qgrf:Mif;aeykdef:ykwf.xqof;sv;Oif?ymifOgef'dif;si;ykwf.xzK,Oj,sv;Oif? ymifOgeftzdxrf,rj,Twj:rif,uvj, cofqldof:eh.erf""bl,/

ymifOgefqldof:eh. ref:Ogefyefvgif;ykdef:Tzj:? Twj:tefykwf.xqof;apj:oh.? vgif;v[xkuf,vDso; vgif;v[xkuf,vDwkdof:urfbldif;qgrf:? vmh:uBmif.urf wj,P;qmwf;ymefpof: ayj:awuwf:bAef? vmh:tguf,rlef.ylef.vgwf;Orf,OIj,sw,uGj,qldof:eh. rD:xSif;wmif:erf xkuf,vDvAyf;pAef:Ogeftof rmhwgif:tof P;rD:oh.e[:q[ul;z[ul;ref:bof./

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zgef:vDtefvh;pAef:Ogeftofeh. qof;uof,wuf:awwSyf:wwf:pwf:"pmef"oj; tefv[yAefTzj:aw. tefv[trf,q[;Tzj:? ayj:pAwf:umefvDumefpmh.qldif.pkdof awyefzgef:vDzgef:pmh.qldif.pkdoftefoj:eef. awarjygif,q[rj:?pAwf:Omif;wkdof:urf qgrf:eif,tefqof;uof,N.sv; wD;eldofej;umefqof;uof,sv;Oif? wlif,olif:ulef:pdrf:Mrf:qof;uof,sv;Oif qmif;rD:nmef,vSwf:zmh rD:wmif:N.erfpefuGmif; arjxwf:Omif;vgif;vDvgif;pmh.aO wj,zgef:ymif;qldof:yldef;qldof:pof:eef. arjtgefNofpAwf:Omif;?wj,qmwf;ymefqof;uof,awvh;uwf:bAefqmwf;eh.qmwf;ej;? vguf:vmh:wj,awtguf,rlef.ylef.vgwf; olwf;wkuf.ccmefq[vlifeef.ehauj; wkdef:oj;pefOAef;wmif:ref:oh.bll,bof./

rmifwD;Orf. Oif,cj,qof;sv; ulef:tefN.arjcof wj,awylifOgefyefrD:bl,auj; qldof:yAefzl;b[,ulef:vlifsv; ayK;sr;vkuf;tgef,cofOrf. trf,ygif,q[ trf,yefpSif:sv; toftrf,yAefOgef? rmifwD;Orf. zl;b[,ulef:vlifsv;ayK;sr;vkuf;tgef,cof ygif,q[wkduf:Olef: yefpSif:bl,auj; qldof:yAefOif,cj, sv;ulef:tefN.arjcofOrf. trf,c[;cmrf,bmyf, trf,cof;q[aOtoftrf,yAefOgefauj;rD:bof./

OifoK; aOzmh,zmh,blyf;bgrf:auj; wj,awyAefrj:ymifOgef 'dif;si;ykwf.xzj,Oj,pof:auj; trf,qmif;aeerf.aewlofyAefrj:vh;?ayj:trf,yAefOgefbof.auj; vkuf;vmefpof:trf,qmif;pAef:Ogeftof xrf:Twj:tefTzj:yAefqof; apj:vmwf;aeoh.qldof:eef.vh;? ayj:yAefeh wj,Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof; ref;udkrf:uGj,

cmof:bmof:rldof:ej;eef. qldof:vkuf;vmefpof:tefawyAefrj: ulef:vlifoef:rldof:ej;eef.Orf. bgef.yldof;trf,vh;wldof.xdqdrf:wlnf:rgef:xrf:ykwf.xqof;sv; trf,qmif;bif,pmuf;sz;wldef:yAefwlef;yAefcldof:vh;aO bdkif;cSef:pAwf:P;tOmuf;Oj,Oej,qof;ygwf:xSif;bof./vldofaOeef. vkuf;vmefpof:auj; trf,y[.xdif:Olyf:wlofNofq[OifaO rlduf;pmh.vldif:? yheldofOAef;wmif:zdwf:? zgef:vDwj,cof qmwf;eh.qmwf;ej;auj; qmif;blyf;bgrf:vl.Okrf:bof./

ayj:rj:wlnf:qldof:eh.eh vDacj:clrf cDq[wmif wj,vkuf;vmefpof:aw."sv; ymifOgef'dif;si;ykwf.xzj,Oj,pof:eh. trf,Ogeftrf,yAef trf,rD:trf,wArfxlef;sv; xkuf,vDykdwf,zknf, ylifOgefyefbl,bof./ rldof;ylef.rj:eh.zgif:cmof:rh; bmrf;Ogefyef'dif;si;vduf;vmh:wh:ulnf:sv; vkuf;tgef,pAef:cof tefxkuf,vDN.vDarj ykdef:Tzj:sv; vgif;bAef,si;ykwf.xqldof:eef. bgef.trf,vh;Ogefyj:aO ayj:cofvmwf;awj,Oif,cj;auj; trf,N.wD;wSrf;wD;OkifOif? awj;eif, vmh:oh;Tzj:bif:trf,arj?ugyf;yldof;eh ayj:Ogef'dif;si;vduf;vmh:wh:eh'dif;si;ykwf.xzj,Oj,auj; xkuf,vDtofOgefqgrf:uef qef.v[qef.eef.bof./ ayj:ehugef, vkuf;tgef,pAef:cof qif,awN.arj vuf:vSrfwArfxlef;xkdifwD;/ yAefqmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,auj.ekdif;aO tefukdif,vDN. zj,Oj,qof;sv;trf,N.eef. yh,ukdif,vDxlduf;oK; qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,ugef,/ Oifoj; zj,Oj,wmif,qmof:cldof:cofrj:xmrf vgif;ykwf.xzj,Oj,pof:aO pof:Orf.trf,arjwgyf,vmwf;ckdef:ehvl: vDtmhydlef;pj.`/


190

qgif,yldef;Orf. awtrf,xmif,vAuf.pof:pkdof /ayj:rj:wlnf: zj,Oj,vliftefb[,aOydlef;

e[:vkrf;'j.eh. awvh;pefrD:oh. zj,Oj,OD,tef-

1. zj,Oj,cIdwf.bmef,ulef:bkrf,brfrD:(2000)vmef.?

2. zj,Oj,tdwf.Ovmrf,ulef:bkrf,brfrD:(1300)vmef.?

3. zj,Oj,pdef,wl,ulef:bkrf,brfrD:(900)vmef.?

4. zj,Oj,ykwf.xulef:bkrf,brfrD:(360)vmef.bof./

e[:zj,Oj,vlifOD,tefeh. qmof:cldof:uldof:brfykwf.xzj,Oj,Orf. at,aOydlef;sv;trf,xkuf,vDoh.zj,Oj,qof;uof,rofrmif tefv[xkuf,vDarjauj; pjvAyf;pAef:Ogeftofsv;eif,pkdofqmof:cldof:zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,pof:awNdof;Ndif: ref;ukdrf:uGK,cmof:wmif:pkdifeef. vDvh;tgeffuefpAwf:Omif;uGj,bl,bof./

urf:eh.awvmwf;ae tefoj;qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,OD,auj.eh wD;uSyf;ref:tdwf:ekdif;?qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,OD,auj.tefoj;eh.-

1. OkwfX ykwfxzj,Oj,?2. rdOfOu ykwfxzj,Oj,?3. aorwdu ykwfxzK,OK,?4. tOkWfX ykwfxzj,Oj, ehbof./(1) OkWfXykwfxzj,Oj,-ulef:auj.eh.

yAefqmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,aO bkrf,brfeyf.xkdoful do f:vDIwej,qof;Omrfyj:bof.? vl dofaOIwej,Omrfqof; trf,uldof:vDOifxSif;? ukef:rkefIwej,Omrfqof;auj; N.pefwmif:OAif;?

wj,awvh;rmuf;zlof,edyf.ymef,auj; cwf:q[aw.bof./ vgif;umeftrf,vDauj; idlif.so;wmif:OAif;? zgef:pmh.vlifumeftrf,vDauj; pefvh;wmif:erf? vldofaOeef. tefyAef umefWj,e?ODv? zjoej,auj; wkdof:urfqgrf:pmof;pSif:bof./ulef:auj.eh. Mif.oj;qmof:OkWfXykwf.xzj,Oj,bof./

(2) rdOfOu ykwfxzj,Oj,-ulef:auj.eh.yAefykwf.xzj,Oj,aObof.? bkrf,brfuldof:vDIwej,Omrfqof;bof.trf,uj: yj:xSif;ZDtefeef.tefeh. qldof:eh.bof.? ukef:rkefIwej,Omrfqof;auj; trf,N.xkdifwD;? edyf.ymef,auj;Orf.c[;vh;bl,? umeftrf,vDauj;ildif. so;urf;zgif;ulnf:aO? zgef:pmh.vlifumeftrf,vDauj; N.ekdif;ckdif;ekdif;ygwf: tefyAefumefWje ODvzjoejauj; wkdof:urfqgrf:yAefrldof;yAefyguf;ulnf:?ulef:auj.eh. Mif.oj;qmof:rdOfOuykwfxzj,Oj,ehbof./

(3)aorwdU Okwf.xzj,Oj,-ulef:auj.eh.yAefqmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,aObof. bkrf,brfuldof:vD Iwej,Omrfyldifbof.trf,uj: yj:xSif;zDqof;yl,qof;emh: wD:ykef.wD;eh;qldof:eh.bof./tefyAefukef:rkefIwej,Omrfqof;auj; N.ekdif;tdwf:ulnf:aO rmuf;zlof,edyf.ymef,sw.Orf.c[;vh;bl, umeftrf,vDauj;il dif.so;vh;ekdif;tdwf:ulnf:aO zgef:pmh.vlifumeftrf,vDauj; qgrf:eif,oj; bmrf;idef:ulnf: pmif;bkrf,trf,bkrf,aO umefWje ODv zjoejauj:N.qkdof;ref:vmhvmhulnf: trf,wgef.wkdof:urf:qgrf:aOyguf;? ulef:auj.eh. Mif.oK;qmof:aorwdUykwf.xzj,Oj,ehbof./

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(4)tOkWfX ykwf.xzj,Oj,-ulef:auj.eh.yAefqmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,aObof. bkrf,brfuldof:vDIwej,Omrfyldifbof.trf,uj: yj:xSif;aqj,uBD,odwf.qj, ay,wmif,uj,vj:qldof:eh.bof.? tefyAef ukef:rkefIwej,Omrfqof;auj; trf,N.aOtdwf:? qgrf:eif,yl def;c[;vh;rmuf;zlof,edyf,ymef,auj; ref:c[;vh;qgrf:ydlef;bl,? umefvgif;trf,vDOrf. trf,idlif.so;? zgef:pmh.vlifumeftrf,vDauj; ref:trf,N.aOtdwf:? ulnf:rdkif.qgrf:umefOkef,wlof vgif;rlef;Oldof:ulnf:sv; vkdrf:ySwf;umefWje ODv zjoejbof./ulef:auj.eh. Mif.oK; qmof:tOkWfXykwf.xzj,Oj,bof./

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192

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193

omh:aO qof;xrf,roj,wD,tguf,uGj,bof.eef.qif,ckdef:eSifN.wlofaO ]]pof:pj:eh.bgef.y[.yj:nj:ykuf.ulof,sv; tefyAefOj,Oej, xlifuSof;Iwej,vlifeef. olef.wluf:nj:e[:Nnf;eef.bof.}} pAwf:ehaO vgif;eSifckdef: tkuf.wq ukuf.ukqxkuf,nSef:qD:wD;q[oh.uGj,sv;az;wldef:Twj:bl,auj; trf,edrfwlofedrfq[vh;aO vh;bmefuhuefwmif:rmuf; zlof,edyf.ymefuGj,bof. vh;bl,qgrf:uefwmif:vgif;eSifaOtj,bkwArfxlef;uGj,ehauj;OAif;Omuf;uGj, Orf.oj; rD:zgef:vDOdeftefzlduf,qkdef;cmofO[rj:rguf;Ogifrdkef,yDeef.aOauj; trf,Mwf;uGj,xkdifwD;OkuwdaO vh;uGj,yAefNofOkduf:zDzmh:vlifac,rowsv; Oj,wj,udvdbof.? Oifwlnf:e[:Olduf,ydkef:eh.eh ykuf.ulof,tefwSyf:wwf:vgif;zdwf:vgif;xkuf,eef. N.aOsv; trf,bl,zmh,rSef;aO bl,su;umifwmif:Ogifzmh,eh. rldefwmif:vyf:wjawj,zm h,r Sef;aO yj:zm h,zdwf:eef.bof./ trf,wSyf:wwfyefpj vgif;zdwf:vgif;xkuf,aObl,su;umifref: pAwf:uAif;trf,N.trf,pefqgrf: trf,Olyf:trf,OAifqgrf:Oifeh.trf,q[;OAef;wmif:rdwf.qdrywdywj,? Oifoj;rD:rj:vgif;zdwf:vgif;xkuf,eh xkuf,vDN.vgif;idlef;ref:qSif;"vSif:"aO awvh;qkuf:ref;zmh,rSef;pwf:"pmef"bof./ trf,N.vgif;OifaObl,e[:su;umifref:sw. awyAefbgef.vlnf;idlof;trfwefeef.bl,? Oifoj;N.bl,sv; bl,qgrf:zmh,rSef;sw. yj:e[:zmh,zdwf:uGj,pif: acj"bof.? rmifauj.awolef.oj; trf,qgrf:zmh,v[eh.yAefOAef;wmif:rdwf.qdrehbl, wD;sw.ref:OAef;wmif:rdwf.qdreh. rldof;z[v[auj; trf,yh,

N.OAef;wmif:rdwf.qdreef. rD:OAef;wmif:uj,rOkcef,vduj,ekabju=OAef;wmif:qmrf,rlef;tj,Ikif,? (OAef;wmif:bl,auBj, OAef;wmif:qgrf:q[)sv; OAef;wmif:twudvrwfxjekabjueh/ OAef;wmif:pmrf;q[ OAef;wmif:cjwlofcjq[ehOgifOAef;ulnf:? OAef;wmif:OgifOAef;eh.trf,q[;oj; bl,zmh,zdwf:zmh,rSef; vgif;pAwf:Omif;cjeh. Omefcwf:uefydlif;uefehaOwj.e[:xrf,rqueef. ykwf.xqof;vmwf;oh.oj;teIdabj tewf.w OHpdawj- yAefOAef;wmif:tefqof;tIdbj, zl;ulef:vDcof trf,bgrf:pyf. trf,rD:zgef:vD bgef.Oazj:ref:rldefuefsv; yAefvgif;zdwf:wmif:Ogifzmh,bof.?bgef.yAefzmh,zdwf:rAof:vAofsv; tefoj;]]su;}}vgif;zdwf:vgif;xkuf,tefoj;eef.auj;trf,rD:bof./

bgef.eh rdwf.qdrywdywj,eh. trf,rD:su;wj,bl, trf,rD:ej;wjwlnf:Tzj:yAefqof;uD;rkef:rj:aO qif,ugh;qdtguf,rguf,vh;bof.? rldof;yhOAef;wmif:rdwf.qdrywdywj,eh. vlof,N.ygif,Oazj:Twj:tefoj; tOfOjW= tIkif,tefv[aOrof,oj; olef.pefwj,Oldof:auBj,/ tWDeo- qdkef,pjtdrf,qmef; tjIkif,(tIkif,cofeh.trf,vgwf;wmif:zdwf: Oazj:arjvSuf;vmh;ySuf;yldif;) edOfOIe-(cwf:q[)tguf,rlef.ylef.vgwf; e[:tj,Ilif,udav,Oj,cof Omrfyldifeef.bof.? qldof:tefqgrf:uj,rOkcef,edujekabjucofeh. tofvgif;twfOjwaO wlnf:zAoftj,Ikif,cofulnf:sv; trf,udkwf:bl,wD;vgif;zmrf:tj,Ikif,cofbl,bof.? qldof:tefqgrf: twudvrwf.xjekabjucofOrf. tofvgwf;tjwD,eao


194

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zkdeftdif-zkdeftdif-zkdeftdif-zkdeftdif-zkdeftdif- Twj:qof;TOj,vlifrdef:ukef:apj:

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qgrfpmrfcdlof:(omef;ykif,-rdlif:bh)

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qof,eef,wj, (umifrdlif:)

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

195

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196

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198

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]]qof;ckefrldof;eef. awj;vAofrj:yAef qof;tjeef,wj,bof.? yIdOmwf;qof;ckefrjqldof:eef. rj:yAefyIdOmwf;uofTzj:bof.? qof;ckefrjeef. rldof;vAofrj:yAefuofTzj:ehbof./zkdef;tdif-qmwf;qof; 550qmwf; ukuf.ukI

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udav,Oj,erf crfq[trf,bof.rmof,qSwf;-(rdlif:wArf_vj;OAof;)

udav,Oj,erf crfq[trf,bof. OmifzDulef:Owf:wif:OAif;wif:vlifeh. tgefuefuldwf,"wmh"trf,bof.trf,omh:vh; q[ulef:pof:eh.auj; ref:uh.arjolef.qgrf: uj,rowuf.u? yBj,yj,wowuf.u?op&O odwuf.u? tefyAeftul.Olof, udav,Oj,tefarjayj,tguf,rj: e[:q[z[ref:eef.aOq[pof:eef.auj; uh."vh;qgrf:vifcof uGj,Nyf.xlyf:nj: vgif;bmyf,zkdwf,cmefq[vlif teftrf,rD:wD;Okwf:OAif;vh;aOyguf;aOymef cof;e[:rdlif:iImh: rmifyguf,vh;imh:rdlefwIdwf.Omef,?rmif,wmef,vh;yAefyduf.wj,? rmif,xj,uGj,yAeftOl,Isu,aO vkwf;pmrf:ySwf;rmuf;Twj: rmuf;nmef,zlof,nmef,rj:pkdkifbl,sw."bof./

rmuf,TwK:zlof,TwK: rmuf,nmef,zlof,nmef,eh. uj;cefref:b[,eh ugyf;ydlof;Oifpof:Orf. tofvkwf;pmrf:ySwf;ayj:oj;ehqkdif bgef.yldof;az:cAefvlifudav,Oj, rj:sz;bl,e[:wlof e[:q[pof:sv; qif,oj;vkwf;rmuf;vkwf;zlof,bof.?udavOj,eh. rldefbj;rldof,bK;ugif.aO ayj:udefnj:qkdif qmif;pAwf:P;tOmuf;vdyf:eef.wmh pmhuGK,urf:vAofbof./

udav,Oj,rldefqAyf:bAef:vlif tefawtofeldof.eifpof:vmef;uGj,eef.bof./ udavOj,eh.rldefil:vlif tefrD:pSef,rD:ugif.aO ayj:Ouf:aqj;z[auj; vh;tofbmyf,eef.bof.? udavOj,eh. ref:pAwf:P;Owf:woj,wmif:vmh vh;Ndof.rgh;tlef;elef:bgef.yldof;ref:aw."oj;"bof./

udav,Oj, 10 yj:? avj:z-vgif;wdwf:Mh;qyf:ySef:e[:tj,Ikif,? awj:O-vgif;rh;Mef.pkuf:pmh.zdwf:yldif? arj:p-vgif;Nrf;wlrf:Oazj:Twj:trf,yefN.pef? rje-vgif;q[rmef,cSifzSefOkifeldofyldef;? wdwf.xd-vgif;tofO[,q[yldif;zdwf:? odqdudwf.qj,-vgif;trf,wSyf:wwf:vwf:Oazj:tj,Ikif,vh;? xde-vgif;q[trf,ref;udkrf:trf,sy.wlof? tkwfxq-vgif;q[zlif.yAoftrf,edrfOof:? tpdIdu-pAwf:umefrdluf;trf,arKtmh? tegwfwyfy-pAwf:umefrdluf;trf,arKulofqldof:eldofeh. yAefudav,Oj,vgif;trf, vDvgef."bof./

udav,Oj,eh. ayj:tofOwf.qj,OD,yj:oj;qkdif yAefOrkObOwf.qj,bof./ e[:OrkObOwfqj,bof.? e[:OrkObowfqj,eef. ayj:toftguf,rj:wlofTwj:ref: wif:OAif;qkdifyAeftoduf.qj,? Oif,c Ij,? wef,ej,? tkyj,wmef,?urf,rzoyAefcofpj;tefeh.bof./

wD;eh. zl;wSrf;vduf;uj,ckuf:q[vh; vif,uj,vlifykuf;ekdif;wSrf;oj; J

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200

Oj:oh.oef:ekdif; wif:xof;wif:au, az:av,qOlwof; wrfbof;cguf:ac, ayj:sv,Mif.OSef,ph; rof,vh;Odlof:Oj, wlofcef,xj,wuf:cgh;wmhohm:qArfqmh:avj:bdif: qmh:cdif:avj:ehm: ymh:N.wuf:Mwf;pkdofvgwf;z[ref: oef:edkif;wuf:vkdif;xkdifrK: qArfuj;Oluofpof:pj:eh.bof./

vif,uj,vlifNofeh. ref:c[;oj; ugyf;yldof;rD:qldof.'ef:sv; qif,yAefwlef;? bgef.yldof;rD:wlef;sv; qif,yAefrguf,rmuf,sv; qif,yAefqldof.zef: bgef.yldof;qldof.zef:sv; qif,yAefwlef;pAwf:eh yef,oh.trf,bof.trf,omh: qmwf;ymefzoulef:pof:auj;trf,ref;udkrf: vh;wkuf.ccmefq[ bmyf,wlof trf,tkyf.yldif,irf:vh; trf,rD:vgif;wrf:q[OifaOtdwf: vkuf;wD;ymefulef:aOuGj,yAefrj yAefil: yAefrl? vkuf.wD;zoulef:aO uGj,yAefOmifzD? vkuf.wD;OmifaOrj:yAefegefxmifcD;? vkuf.wD;wgef,aOyAefulef: vkuf.wD;zDaOyAefulef: yef,uGj,yef,rj:rldif:zD rdlif:Omifrldif:ulef: rldif:Owf:wIdwf.Omef, ydwf.wj,tOl,Isu, rldif:iImh:qldof:eh.auj; qmif;yAefbof/bgef.yldof;trf,rD:vgif;wrf:q[sv; tofuGj,vDuGK,pmh.rD:wD;umrf, z[trf,pmrf;OD: wrf:yefyuf:yldifref:vh;aOauj. yAeftefvDulofvlifvmifsw."bof./

rdlefeif, emif:qkrf;vliftkyID,eh.auj;yAefemif:apjcrf: auj.wrf:q[ckefvliftwf.OuayBj,rlef;Oldof: e[:rldif:yj,wvdwldif:uj,OD wArf;xlef;ul;Orf,OSefyldif trf,rD:vgif;cDq[rgifq[Oifulnf:uj;(OyfayOifcjIj tedqj)Oifcj,Ij.vlifeh.trf,ref;udkrf: urf:vkdef:emif:apjcrf:vliftkyID,eh.auj; vh;OAif;umrf,Okwf:rkefuGj,ySwf;

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r[,Okifcj;/

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]]vgif;arjbdlef.uef;eh. yAefwmif:bmrf;vD tefrSef;qgrf:oj,w ykwf.xqof;}}ydlifedkif;bof./

qof;ynj,eef,w(rdlif:qdwf,)

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a,0}wh:oK;eif,ehoh.bof.? wD;ygif,ref:qrf.a,e&m-tefyAefulef:qldof:eef.qrf.? twå

ae[ð-wmif:cof;? o[-tduf,vlnf;? ya&oH-

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avwd-qmif;arjNdof;vSif:bof.? £wdwo®m-ugyf;ydlof;qmif;bj.ySwf;vyf:Odif,cof tduf,vlnf;yldef;aO qif,pAwf:P;Ndof;ymif,vSif:O[eif,eefsv;? awe&m-qulef:qldof:eef.qgrf:?'-rdlof;ul;yguf;qif,Mif.oj; (')oj;eif,ehbof.?'ga,0-tefyAefrldof;ul;yguf; Mif.oj;]'}eef.eif,uof,? wh:rldof;vAofOrf.Mif.oj; ]wh:wh:wh:wh:wh:}rD:eif,eh.bof.? OifyAeftefqmif;bj.ySwf;vyf:Odif,ulef:wmif,cldof:aOsv; q?if;arjNdif:vSif:aOsv; rldof;ul;yguf;yldef;Mif.oj;]

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eh.Orf. Mif.oj; ]wh:wh:wh:wh:wh:}eif,ehbof./ ugyf;ydlof;eh ]wh:wh:wh:wh:wh:}tefoj;eh. trf,qkdof;oj;ref:yAefuGmrf:trf,rD:wD;bdyf:wD;uSrf: trf,rD:wD;ygif,Oazj:trf,q[;? yAefuGmrf:tefMif.ukduf:ulef:cldof:qldof.qmwf;vAuf.wSrf,auj;trf,q[;? ref:yAeftefrD:wD;bdyf:wD;tof rD:wD;ygif,Oazj: yAefuGmrf:tefudkuf:cldof: qldof.qmwf;b[,cldof:vDoh. vh;N.eif,ehbof./ ulnf:uj; eif,tefvmwf;rguf,

aerj:eh. yAeftvlof,oj,w tefvh;idef:ydkef:xkif:Omuf;aO, tdifwmif:ynfnj,Odvlifwh:pof:]]tl:auBj,tl:auBj,tl:auBj,tl:auBj,tl:auBj,}}pAwf:oh. rD:oduBLof,wh:eef.aOsv;rguf,vmwf;se Omif:vmif:seeif,ehbof.? ayj:awtofqgrf:eif, tefvmwf;rj:eh.qkdif wh:tefoj;eh. rldof;ul;yguf; Mif.oj;]wh-wh;wh-wh;wh-wh;wh-wh;wh-wh;}ehaOpdkifrj:Orf.Mif.oj;]wh:wh:wh:wh:wh:}vh;tofwD;ygif,ref:eif,ehbof.? ulnf:uj; Oifoj;tofqgrf: rdlefeif,pof:auj; ayj:wSrf;vduf;eh olef.vh;ch;q[pjwlnf:iof;pmuf;Omuf;aO,ykdef:wh:aOsv; wSyf:wwf:tofwD;ygif,Oazj: acj;uGmrf:tefvh;Mif.oj;]wh:wh:wh:wh:wh:}eheef.aO wmif,vmwf;oj;uGj,ehqkdif ]wh:wh:wh:wh:wh:}tefoj;eh. rldof;ul;yguf;auj; Mif.oj;wh:eif,uof,rldof;vAofauj;Mif.oj;wh: wD;ygif,Oazj:trf,ySuf,ydlif; rldef;eif,yuf:uof,yldifuof,bl,bof.? ulnf:uj;qdlif.pkdoftrf,qkdof;tefoj;eef. ynf,nj,OD.wh:cofauj; zl;rD:wmif:arjynf,nj,cof olef.ch;q[qgrf:vDvDaO wSyf:wwf:tofwj.? tefpof:olef.vh; ch;q[qgrf:wh:tefoj;eh. vmh:tofwD;ygif,ref: trf,eef oduBLof,ref: qgrf:eif,zmh,Owf.Wj,ehauj; rD:uGj,pj;tefbl,eif,uof,bof./zkdeftdif-trSwf(5)&efukefouúokdvf?

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208

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e[:uj;vduf;MrfwgrfNofeh. tgefwmif:Okwf:awvh;vlwlnf: zoulef:ekrf,tgefwmif: omh:eef. ulef:ekrf,qdlof:teftrf,xkuf,vDvlifvdkrf:? omh:eh. Orf.awvh;Odkyf,vlwlnf: zgef:

bj,vdkrf:ulef:ekrf,OSifwh:(rdlif:bmif:)

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qvgif;vlifvdkrf:ygh,ySwf;ulef:ekrf,? tduf,vlnf;zgef:vDvgif;trf,vlifvdkrf: arjukrf:xdif:ulef:ekrf,aw,ugj,qdlof:eh. uj;eif,zl;wSrf;vduf;bdkef;rdkof:xdkifvh;eef. wuf:awwSrf;zmuf,wgef;xdkif zl;vlvduf;yefpSif: ]]qAifcrf:vSif:}}tefbdkef:bmof:cmof:pdkif xdkifMwf;rj:rhm(21)eh.vl:ugef,/

zoulef:ekrf,zoulef:ekrf,zoulef:ekrf,zoulef:ekrf,zoulef:ekrf,ulef:ekrf,tefoj;eh. cofvh;q[xmrfqduf:

cduf:qguf:cguf: qgrf:eif,cofc[;pkc[;arj c[;ygif,q[eef. wrf;wD;ayj;sr;sv; TOj,cl:Ogefaw,ugj,qdlof:eh.bof./ wj,awwgyf,vmwf; P;cofayj:rD:zgef:vDrj:eef.sw. rD:wD;ayj;sr;sv;TOj,cl:Ogefcof arjwgyf,vmwf;eef.bof./ Oifoj;ayj;sr;sv; TOj,cl:Ogefpof:cof arjwgyf,vmwf; arjqdseOAef;wmif: wgef;wj,ulef:ekrf, P;ayj:vDwmrfvDayj:ehqdkif cofawqAof:zSofOAef;wmif:cdkef;b[,r[,Okifaw."eef.bof./

ulnf:uj; Nrf;oj;eefaOwauj; ulef:ekrf,rmifqdlof:eh. trf,rD:ayj;sr;yefpSif: trf,rD:ayj;sr;qdaeOAef;wmif: qArfrdlof;bif:vAuf./ugyf;ydlof;ayj;sr;rmifqdlof:cof olef.oj;cofyAefulef:ymefr[,cdkwf;umyf;cdkwf:ymefbof.pdkof coftrf,yefcmof:bmrf:wj,vkrf:vj:vkuf;tgef,cofvh;/ cofulnf: tofidkef;aOoh.yefvkuf;qmif;cofvkrf:vj:ulnf:/ vmh:pAwf:vmh:Omif; ygwf:tgef,wgef;eh.vh;pefe[:cdlof:wh:pof:auj; erfrj:wduf:"bof./tefeh. zdwf:pj.`xkuf,pj.èh ayj:awrj:xwf:Omifwlnf:vD"qdkif Oifoj;vkuf;qmif;cofvDauj; vkuf;vmif:pof:qmif;yAefulef:vDvh;bl,?ulnf:uj; Oifoj;vkuf;qmif;coftrf,vDauj; vkuf;

vmif:pof:qmif;qyf:wmif:bmrf; teftrf,vDeef.aO qmif;yAefrj:ulef:rdluf;ulef:vdlif:vl:ugef,bof./ rdlefeif,uGmrf:wh:pof:oj;oh. ]]qrfz[auj;rdlefref: qrfz[auj; yAefq[ref:}}eheef.bof./ zmh,edkif;auj; eif,pdkofvkuf;vmif:pof: ayj:awuwf.cSef,vSef,zmh vSwf:OSof:rj:vh;eef. coftrf,qmif;pAwf:yefvh;/ cofulnf:y[.xdif:vkrf:vj:yef bj,P;N wj wdef rdkof:vkuf;vmif:pof:vl.Okrf:aO y[.cmof:bmrf:vkuf;tgef,rlwf:ugj,vmh"ulnf:/ ugyf;ydlof;vkuf;qmif;eef. trf,q[;ayj;sr; ayj;sr;eef.auj; trf,q[;vkuf;qmif;eef.bof./ yAefqdlif.pdkofauj;vD Oifoj;ayj;sr;xdif:ukrf:vkrf:vj: vkuf;vmif:pof:qArfrdlof;vAuf.aO yluf:yefymefcof P;rD:umefpAef:Okif" P;rD:ynj,aOtef" P;rD:wmif:N.zdif;xkif:pof:erf" P;rD:erf.q[puf.edlofzj,Oj, Oj,Oej, qdlof.qmwf;pof:aw,ugj,qdlof:eh.ayj:ehqdkif awrD:zgef:vDuj;pdkoftefoj;eef. olef.wlnf:tofulnf:auj;awj;awN.vh;bl,/ ayj:yAefqdlif.eef e[:ymh:olef.tgef,tefeh. pof:qSif;vSif:seoh.oj; rAwf.wj,ayj;sr;sv; vkuf;vmif:? vmh:vkrf:vj:ayj;sr;sv;vkuf;qmif; vmh:yluf:ygifayj;sr;sv;vkuf;qmif;sw,ugj,qdlof:eef.wdkef:trf,rdlefuefehbl,/ ayj:eh ayj;sr;tefoj;eh. xkuf,vDurf.xguf;yefpSif: vkuf;z[vmif:ref: sw,rdlof;bif:wdkuf.vAuf.wdkuf.vSifeef.ugef, qif,awqmif;pefzgef:vDref:wArf"xlef;"bof./ awj;eif,eef cl:Ogefsv;Oif? zl;b[,ulef:vlifsv;Oif? xkuf,vDzdkuf:zgef.yefpSif: vkuf;pAef:pof:sv; vkuf;egif.ygif;ymhpof: P;ayj:rD:umefpAef:Okif"sv yh,nj,wmif:


210

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qmwf;ymefulef:pof: edkif;qmwf;tefoj;eh. urf;erf tj,bktrf,bdkef:bmof:cmof:pdkifawj,xdkifymuf,yDvh;eif,uof,? ulnf:uj; oj;eefaOwauj; tj,bkqdlof.cdlof:ulef:pof:sw. bdkef:bmof:cmof:pdkifxdkifvh; NofpAifyDref:v[vl:ugef,/rdlefeif,uGmrf:wh:pof: rD:oh.oj;]]rh.Odkyf,rh. wguf,Odkyf,wguf,}}ehsv; omh:aOpof:vkpmhwmhugj,bof.auj; auj.tefawOdkyf,ykwf;wmifpof:ugj,oef:vdkef:rdlof:ej;eef. wdkef:yAefulef:ekrf,oef:rdlof;eh.sv; ulef:ekrf,tefawrl;r[, b[,uD;rD:rj:yj;vifpof:qdlof:eef.bof./ bgef.eefqdlof.cdlof:tefoj;eh. qif,awbdkef:bmof:cmof:uh yhMwf;NofpAifyDref:vh;bof./

ulnf:uj; Nrf;oj;eefaOwauj; wgef;wj,ulef:ekrf,pof:cof qdlof:yAefvkuf;vmif:sv;Oif?vkuf;pAef:sv;Oif? vkuf;egif.ygif;ymhpof:sw,ugj,qdlof:eef.sv;Oif eif,pdkofayj:awrD:yh,nj,wmif:N.wmif:arjaO pmyf,tofykef;zgef:ugj,vh;vD"eef. rD:wD;zl;rD:ykef;zgef:pof:cof arjzdkuf:zgef. Oif,Ogef vkrf:vj: yluf:ygifyefcofbof./ wgef;eh.auj; vrf,vgif;aw."/ vrf,vgif;wgef;wj, ayj;sr;sv;TOj,cl:OgefaObof.trf,uj: vrf,vgif;yj:zl;b[,ulef:vlifcofbof./

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216

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eh. rD:rj:qArfrdlof;ykwf.xcrf:qof;auj:wr pof:yh,yAefTzj:eef.bof./ wdwf.xdNuf:auj. eh.p Awf:Okr f. ?p Awf:N def: ?p Awf:qvgy f; ?p Awf:uRif:pif:ulnf:aO sz;wdlef:wmif:pefxdkif(vgif;bkrf,brf)cofbl,eef.bof./ ugyf;eefvgif;wmif:pefxdkifcof vdkof:Nifxmif,qSif;oh.qAArfrdlof;Tzj:qof;yh,yAefTzj:eef.bof./ ulnf:uj; wdwf.xdNuf:auj.eef. coftrf,ch;xlyf:Odkofej;(awj,ej;)uef wif:Tzj:yAefqof;aOyguf;? tOmuf;cofauj; b[,aOTzj:yAefqof;eef.bof./ ugyf;ydlof;wdwf.xdNuf:auj.eh.yAefzl;tgefNof wif;wmif:pefxdkif(wif:bkrf,brf)cofsv; qif,vh;qdkof;oj;]wdwfxdb}ehbof./ (acj;urf.-ODvuf.cefxouf.u txuj,xj, ej;vduf;(131)? rlvyefejOtxuj,xj,yyf.Ogif ej;vduf;(136)? ulnf:uj; vgif;pefxdkif vgif;bkrf,brfcofeef. trf,q[;tefvgwf; vgif;wkuf.cOrf,OIj,tefqSwf;tefrmef,sv; zDOmifOpmrfywdqif,bdlif:ql:cofaO vmwf;oj;]yjwkIapjwdruaWOkykyfay? WrfarjtOkwfaWjOravpdqdefwdawj/ wdwf.xdcofNuf:auj.eef. trf,N.pefvgif;tefvgwf;wkuf.cOrf,OIj, tefqdkof;q[;rmef,rSef;}ehaO vof;Tzj:qof; bof./(rpjou fuyjvd .ej.vdu f ;-6) u gy f ;eefvgif;wdwf.xdcofNuf:auj.eh. awvh;wgyf,oj;rD:rj:qArf;rdlof; Tzj:qof;auj:wr yh,yAefTzj:eh.bof./

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218

zuf:ymef: rj:umyf;wmef:ref:qof; ayj:vlef.ayj:vldofeef.bof./ ylIeuwf.Oyqif,olef.oj; ]tefulef:omef;ulef:Olef rj:vl,rj:oh;rj:vAif.uof cof;vDzuf:omefeh. yAefugyf;uoftrf,ekif;Oldof;clof:bof.? aw,tofeh. uGj,uofawtrf,ekif;Odlof;clof:bof.ehaO ydkefzmof,oj; ref:yAef;yYfywfq? zl;rD;Odefqdkef;O[}ehbof./ qdlof:ulef:tefbkrf,brfref:eef.auj; tgefuefrj:bgef:pAwf:vkuf;egif.ref:aO qkrf:cofeef.auj; yefqdkof;oj;]]udlif:ylIeuwf.Oy}}ehaO vdkof:Nifoh.bl,bof./ (acj;urf.JODvuf.cef? twf.xuj, xj,?ej;vdu f ; (130) ? rwfqdryefej,O?txuj,xj,? yyf.Ogif ej;vduf;(136)/ wmif:pefxdkif(vgif;bkrf,brf) ylIeuwf.Oyqrf.tudIdbojw-pAwf:umefvDauj;bof. pAwf:umefphm.auj;bj, trf,vh;oj;pAwf:ehbof./ ugyf;ref:oj; vgif;bdkef;wmef:yefwj,e? vgif;wdkof:urfODv quj,qdlof:eef. pAwf:auj;trf,vh;ukOlof,zgef:vDOif? vgif;cj;Omuf;ydlef;?vgif;vuf.clof:cgifydlef;? vgif;zdwf:zSuf,ej;pdlef:wjab:ydlef; quGj,qdlof:eef.auj; trf,yAeftukOlof,? trf,rD:vgif;wmif:zdwf:Oifehbof./ yAefwmif:pefxdkif(bkrf,brf) so;ySwf;vgif;wmif:(pAwf,)eef.bof./ toftwf.wyAefb[,aO ayj:pAwf:umefOkef,wlof? umefwlofuofvh;uwf:bAefOdlof:Oj,ehvD"qj." pAwf:rlwf:"eef.bof.? ayj:pAwf:eef qif,rD:wD;ygif,ehbof./ vgif;tefpof:pAwf:umefwj,e?y[.yj:OdefOD,vqdlof:eef. ref:yefzgef:vDzgef:phm. edlofwlofcef,xj,ulnf:? trf,yef

zSofwmif:e[:twf.w/ wlofcef,xj,eh. rdlefeif,wkrfrh.ulnf: trf,rD:uj;cefOif? ej;umefteftofwlofcef,xj,pAwf:eef.auj; ugyf;ydlof;trf,yefzgef:vDzgef:phm.xdkifwmif:e[: twf.wsv; rdlefuefwmif:trf,pAwf:ulnf:? rdlof;pAwf:eef.auj; N.oj;pAwf:ehaO ayj:pAwf:bof.auj; phmuGj,rlwf:trf,udkwf:Mh:? udkwf:vhm:Oifehbof./ (acj;urf.JODvuf.cef,-yjvd?ej;vduf;-49)/ ugyf;ydlof;cofydkefcmof,oj; tmef:sc.cSif,tlrkefzkif:iof: wif:Tzj:yAefqof;pof:ehsv; Tzj:yAefqof;pof:qif,aetlrkefzkif:iof:yBjwdpj,eef.bof./ oef:Tzj:yAefqof;aetlrkefzkif:iof:eef. zDvlrf:auj;pAwf:vlrf:aO ywf:zAof;ySwf;Okrf.Ogif:? uRif:?qvgyf; tefcofpAwf:oh.eef. vl.vSofySwf;?zDumifoef:auj; pmrf;Ohmumifoef:ySwf;/ zDzlefqrf. pAwf:zlefb[,vlifaO wluf:O[,eef.bof./ qdlof:wdwf.xdcof tgefuefulofapej,aO vSef;yhm;ayj:yAefzkifyAefsu wSuf,bhm;uefuGj,rlef:eef.bof./ e[:qdlof:tefvSef;yhm;eef. ylIeuwf.Oyauj;yj:auj.edkif;bof./ ylIeuwf.Oyeh. ugyf;thmwlofuof,cdkef:ej,sv; tofarj;cof;pkifvSofugif.acj: aOoSefwluf:erf.whmySwf;eef.bof./ bmrf: vAofwdkuf.rD:bl,rdlif:iIhm:toDqdbl,ehbof./(acj;urf.Jxrfryw?twfxujxj,? ej;vduf;-135)/ eh.sw. yAefydkef:uSyf;ylIeuwf.Oysv; wmif:pefxdkif(vgif;bkrf,brf,)ref:bof./

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uGj,eef. ayj;vAif.(qof;ref:)vmwf;oj; ]]qhm:tgef,tofuG j,vDvDej;? rjcvd-bj,yefyvmwf;}ehsv; qif,vh;qdkof;rj:xSif;-rjcvdehaO Nrf;uefyAefrj:]rjcvdaujOv} ehbof./ rjcvdaujOveh. ugyf;yd lof;tofarj;erf.ref:vlrf.ap;sv; ulofayj;vAif.ref:ayj.pSrfaOvSef;yh;? qof;ayj;vAif.ref:vrf:ngyf: wef:qefvh;Odlof;clof:ref: rjcvdaujOjvauj;ulofej,sv; vgef;Odlof;clof:ref:ySwf;aO Odkyf,vSef;cof;e[:omef;ulef:uGj, bof./ulef:omef;ulef:Olefcofauj;pefref: aOtgefuefoj;yAefqof;rBmwf;? qof;Ipmef:wj,ehaO zgrf.uefvl,zgrf.uefoh; qdlif.eif,ylIeuwf.Oyeef.sv; ref:auj;pefzgef:vDtrf,edkif;Odlof;clof:aO]]aw,tofeh.uGj, uofawtrf,edkif;Odlof;cd lof:bof.}ehaOydkefzmof,oj; ref:yAefzl;rD:Odefqdkef;O[?yYfydwfqehaO aw,wif;udlif:pif:ulnf:ref: oj;]u d li f :rj,cvdaujOjv}ehbof./ qd lo f:zl;bkrf,brfvh;q[ acj;Oif,Ogefref:auj; tgefuefrj:bgef:pAwf:vkuf;egif.vkrf:vmif:ref:eef.bof./ (acj;urf.JODvufcef? twfxuxj,? ej;vduf;131/ rlvyefejO? twfxuxj,-yyf.Ogif?ej;vduf;-136)/ wmif:pefxdkif(vgif;bkrf,brf)ref:qof; rD:wmif:pefxdkiftapwku-Owf:woj,wif:OAif;eh.ref:trf,rD:vgif;pAwf:(vgif;wmif:?tuRif:Twj:)OifaOyAefbl,pif:ulnf:ref:ulnf:eh.bof./ yAefsv;ehauj;trf,vh;? bj,ayyAefehauj;trf,vh;?uj;ref:ruf:ref;oh.eef. c[;yAefqdlif.pdkofauj;yAefaO pAwf:vDauj;bof.? pAwf:phm.auj;bof.?

trf,pAwf:OifaObl,vmh;bl,auj;bof.? wif:ulef:rdluf;? ulef:vldif:? ulef:vD? ulef:rD:Odef xrf:?ulef:rD:yhnj,cofaw,uGj, Owf:woj, wif:OAif;eef. ayj:oj;xdkifrj: ]]rpj,umyf; ySwf,vmef.OD,OSefehqdkif Orf,OIj,tef yef,bl,eh.awudkwf:ugj,aOsv; zoauj; aw cmwf,ykwf:ugj,bof./ rdlefqdlif.eif,avj,rh uj;tefref:rD:eef.aO vdwf;ugj, awj,avj,rhayj:Okwf:eef.bof.ehaO apj:vmwf;eif, eefbof./eh.qrf. sy,ySwf;vgif;pAwf:zlef (tuRif:Twj:?tuBjof:Twj:) wmif:OgifydlifaO yAefwmif:pefxd kiftapwkubof./ ayj:bl,e[:avj:uehuj;sy.c[;cwf:q[wmef,pdkofauj; wdkef:trf,yAefOifrj:vh;eh.bof./ ykwf.xcrf:qof;auj; qif,oj;]auj.tefyefwmif:wkuf.c? eduf;qmuf;?sy.u def Owf:woj,co faOyd lef;eef.ayj:ehqdkif awvh;qdse rjcvdaujOjv ehbof./ (acj;urf.JODvuf.cef-yjvd? ej; vduf;-50/ ti fu kw f .xI? twfxuxj, ? yy f .ekdif;?ej;vduf;-290)/

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220

Ourfzvjeh. yAefzl;aw,wif;udlif:yhm:wlof(Ikyf;ojw)}ehbof./ wif:pefxdkif(vgif;bkrf,brf)ref:qrf.JrD:wmif:pefewfxdu trf,rD:Oifehbof./ trf,rD:Oifvj,ayj:eh pAwf:umefvDauj;trf,rD:zgef:vD? pAwf:umefrdluf;tukOlof,auj;trf,vh;zgef:phm.? vgif;vl,vgif;wmef:auj; ulef:id lof;cofqrf.vlaO ulef:vuf:cofqrf.tofeef.ulnf:bof./ qmwf;ej;tefoj;eef.auj;trf,rD:? rdlif:zDauj;trf, rD:?rd lif:iIhm:auj;trf,rD:? wrf;wD;ayj;sr;Ogifqofeef.auj; pof:pAwf:vD? pAwf:phm.edlofcofqdlif.pdkofauj; trf,rD:zgef:vDzgef:pmh.ehquj,vmwf;apj:seeif,ehbof./ (acj;urf.J ODvuf.cef-yjvd? ej;vduf;-51)/ ayj:oj;whmauj;phmbof.? zhm,vifwhmbof.eef.trf,rD:OifxSif;bof.? zhm,vifwhmeef. Oifqdlof.bkrf,brf,oj; rD:aOydlif"ehqdkif yAefvgif;olef.tofpif:ulnf:? ayj:olef.qdlif.eefauj; yAefulef:bgif,ulnf:? vlof,cwf:q[pAwf:Omif; wj,uwf:bAefOdlof:Oj,qmwf;eh.ulnf: yAefydlifb[,wj,pof:/ ulef:qdlof:tefoj; pAwf:oh.xj;qmwf;ej;tefoj;eef. rdlefeif,zj;ySwf;erf.Mif; aOyhql:erf.au:ulnf:eefbof./ ugy f;eeftqdwauOurfzvj,eh. so;ySwf;zgef:vD?zgef:phm.? pAwf:(tuBjof:Twj:)aO yAefzl;yefpSif:yhm:wlof(bkyf;ojw)ehbof./

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uGj,eef.bof./ ohm:aOeduefWejwykwf.wvl.phmwhmuGj,bof. qdlof:yAefvkuf;egif.ref: eef.tgefuefxAifuef]]uofN.pefTwj:TOj, pof:tdlof;?r[:trf,N.? r[:N.r[:trf,uBmif.urfqgrf:? rD:uofulnf:tldof; uBmif.urfqgrf:}}ehqugj,aO yAefvgif;zdwf:zSuf, tlefarj:uefaO wSuf, bhm;uefuGj,wif:rlwf:eef.bof./ (acj;urf.J yjxduoufu-yjvd?ej;vduf;-176) wmif:pef xdkif(vgif;bkrf,brf)ref:qrf.J rD:wmif:pef xdkif qwkbjrO>oI-vgif;y[.yj:Twj:OD,ydlifehbof./ vgif;y[.yj:Twj:OD,ydlif tefoj;qrf.. 1. OyfYojIdawj-so;erf.vdyf:wmif:OAif;ehbof.? ugyf;ref:oj;e[:erf.vdyf:wmif:OAif;qdlof:eef. rD:rlif;rSif:tdlof; trf,vDudef? erf.vdyf:eh. rD:tOmuf;ehbof./2. OyfYojIdbkwf.awj-so;vgif;umeftrf,vDwmif:OAif;ehbof./3. OyfYojIdzkwfawj-so;vgif;umeftrf,vDeef.pmof;"pSif:"eh.bof./4. OyfYojIdWkawj-bj.vkvSofySwf;vgif;umeftrf,vDeef.wmif:OAifehbof./ e[:vduf;ulef:wmif,cdlof:(zjOefwI)cofqrf. wSrf;oh.vgif;y[.yj:OD,ydlif eif,wD;w[;eh.bof./1. tpdifOj-so;vgif;sy.udefwAuf:wAifydlef;/ 2.rkOjojwjaoIreD-so;vgif;ySwf.vSef ydlef;/3. twdefejwjejaoIreD-so;ySwf;vgif;tofclof:cgifvhmydlef;/4. ujarOkrdwfOjqjIjaoIreD-so;ySwf;vgif;zdwf:emif:ar:? qof;zlof? vkuf;bdif:emif:Omofydlef;ehaOrD:OD,ydlifeh.bof./ wmif:pefxdkif(vgif;bkrf,brf)OD,ydlifeef.auj; tof


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bof./ trf,eef yAefulef:rD:edbwrdwf.Ojwdwf.xdehbof./ ulef:rD:edbwrdwfOjwdwf.xdeh. ayj:whmuGj,auj; uGj,ql:tay,urf:vAof? wj,vgwf;Orf,OIj,auj; bmyf,bl,eef.bof./ (acj;urf.JOD,vuf.ceftwfxujxj?ej;vduf;-150)/ 1.ylIeuwf.Oy-eh. rD:wmif:pefxdkiftudIdbojw? 2.rjcvdaujOveh. rD:wmif:pefxdkiftapwkuojw? 3.tqdwauOurfzvj-eh. rD:wmif:pefxdkif ewfxduojw? 4.yukWuwfqjbe-eh. rD:wmif:pefxdkif OOfwdwf.xdsv;twfwoj,w? 5.Odefqbayvwfxykwfw-eh. rD:wmif:pefxdkifOOfwwdwf.xdsv;twfwojw? 6.eduefWejwykwfw-eh. rD:wmif:pefxdkifOOfOwdwf.xdsv;twfwoj,wbof./ wgyf,yefcj;eh. vmefqhm:vmefbdif:ekrf,cofsv;zl;vAyf;pAef:pof:coftrf,pmef.q[auj; awbjyefq[ch;N.bl,tdwf:tgwf: olef.pefxdkifeif,ehbl,/ayj:c[;vAyf;pAef:wlnf:xSif;eh Odkyf,vAyf;pAef:wlnf:e[:yyf.qdlof:w[;eh.wj./zdkeftdif.-

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226

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qof;tIdb P.S.E. Diploma(Y.gon)Nofcmh:-rdlif:udkif

e[:rdlif:Ij,quBLof,wD;edkif;eef. rD:vkuf;tgef,qmh:Ogifauj. awj,rmuf,cif,aOpAwf:auj.uefbl,? auj.edkif; yAefvkuf;ulef:tefydkif;tdifudlof:vDOj,Oej,ykwf.xTzj:yAefqof; qdkof;Mif.oj;]]qmh:vD}}? auj.edkif;Orf. yAefvkuf;ulef:tefydkif;tdifudlof:vDwdwf.xdaO qdkof;Mif.oj;]]qmh:vgwf;}}ehaO cjOgifauj.pAwf:auj.uefrlef"Odlof:"bl,/

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e[:rdlif:Ij,quBLof,eef. rdlof;tgefwmif:auj;bmrf;rD:tefpkuf:pmh.bj.uof:bl,sv; qmh:vgwf;tgef,aOrf.egef:bl,w[;avj.pdrf:yj,pAof;eef.aO zDvl:vlifOgifwlofOrf.rj:pefref:sv; zDvl:Ogifwlofeef. wlofedkif;Orf.yAefrdwf.Oj,zDvl:pmh. wlofedkif;Orf.yAefOrf,rj,zDvl:vD rdwf.Oj,zDvl:pmh.eef.c[;udefedlof.qmh:tgef,eef.sv; Orf,rj,zDvl:vDpmrf;OD:oj;]]bj,ayjc[;udefref:trf,Omif,xkuf,}}oj;ehauj;trf,xgrf,]]yAefwmif:udefpof:tdlof;eh. pof:xkuf,vh;udefbof.}}oj;ehaOqefvmuf;tofwdefqmh:tgef,tefrD:w[;avj.eef.bl,bof./

qmh:tgef, tefvh;cmrf,wmif:zDvl:qefvmuf;bl,eef. qif,ckuf:q[vh;ukif,rkefTzj:yAefqof; tefref:vAyf;pAef:Ogefoh. rdlof;zgif:awj,rmuf,cif,eef.aO vmwf;tguf,Olyf:oj;]]earj:YkWfXOfO}}(oh;OjTzj:yAefqof;wD;cj;

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ayj;sr;qmh:vgwf;auj; vh;bdef:cmof,oj;vkuf;cofxkuf,ngyf:qSwf;xmrfehsv; eSwf;ugj,ql: vkuf;cofbl,bof./ ckefapjcrf:auj;vh;N.vgif;ref:wmif:rlwf:bof.aO ayj:oj;ayj;sr;qmh:vgwf;zSofrj:bof.auj; Mif.tofayj;sr;qmh:vgwf;sv;wlofqmh:vgwf;aO rdlof:ql:Tzj:yAefqof;vof;xdkifvgif;tefyaefrj:qdlof:eef.bl,bof./

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Ak'tvdkawmfus usif.oHk;aexdkifenf;

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228

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oef:tef cj;sw,cof;pAwf:umef wD;vmef.cof;zuf: tefulef:udefref: udkef:bl,wj,aO, wD;oAif:edof:bguf.eef. cmof:vdkof;umefyh,xdkif qdkifcj;ayj:Ndof.tlef;ugj,wif:wlof Nofauj;yef,odkef;"omef;" cjauj;Omef;zdkef:"zmef:"zSef,sp.erf.cof;zuf: tefpwf.tSif;cj;oh.eef.auj; pmif;olnf,uj,rlwf:? ymef.tefO[,omef,aO awj.Olif,eef.auj; rdlefeif, euf:rj:vdlofuof,? Ndof.auj;Ndof. pSif:q[auj;wluf:bof.sv; pAwf:Oifauj; trf,cSrf.vSyf;? qdlof:tefyj:vkuf;vmef rj:yAefrl,yAefqkrf:aO Oif,toferf.qArf:umrf;(ice-cream)wmif:qAef,wmif:qAef,eef. bdkif;cSef:ej, vh;ugj,Ogef,yef uj;cefref: pAwf:eef bgef.Okuf.ej,bof.sv;omh:eef. tofq[c[;pAwf:umefuofcj; rlwf:OAif;ugj,bof./

rdlof;zgif:bmrf:eef. rD:cofayj;sr;vkuf;qkrf:edkif; auj.yAefayj;cofeef. oh.ej;bkrf."tgef,aOoj;]]egif.eh.vSwf:aw.bof.? wlnf:xdkifpof:ayj;sr;vkuf;ayj:trf,vh;rh;q[Oifvl:}}ehpif:cj;sv; omh:aOvh;idef:acj;uGmrf:eh.bof.vgif;Ndof.tlef;elef:q[cj; tefyAefbl,rdlof;uh;

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bgef.ehsv; acj;uGmrf:bgif;abj:tgef,acj;eh. awvh;oj;yAeftAefpSif:q[vlifydlifedkif;aO rmif,zof,qmif;vSuf;vmh;yefqmwf;ymefulef:pof:wif:ydkuf:auj;yAefvh;bof./ ulnf:uj;Julef:pof:urf;yj;erfqrf. wgef;wj,awvmwf;tguf,yefvh;acj;uGmrf:(bgif;abj:)tefrdlefeif,OmhvSwf,tgef,xgif,yef P;ulef:pof:rD:vgif;tkef,q[eef.bmyf,aw."/ ugh:N.aO.Ogrf:uefcqdkof;cmhOAifuefimh;"aO pAwf:P;qmwf;ymefulef:pof: pAof,pSif;trf,rD:wmif:Odlof:eef.bof./atj;Jugrf.oj; acj;uGmrf:bgif;abj:tgef,edkif;acj; tefqmif;pAwf:yefP;qmwf;ymefulef:pof:

acj;uGmrf:bgif;abj:tgef,acj;edkif;qof;aOj:Ok(rdlif:bh)

2013-10-15

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230

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]]q[;aw.cj;bof. trf,vlof,wlnf:uhOifwlnf:tofrdlof;qof;uof, qmrf:wgyf,wSrf;vduf;e[:olif;v[olif;eef.ulnf:auj; awN.vDbl,? Orf.oj;vgif;q[vrf(aWj:O)tguf,oh.wmef,v[auj;bj,xdkifvh; xdkifvh;N.oj; qdlof:teftgif,eef. yj:qof;uof,bl,ehqdkif tefq[vrfrdlof;uh;eef.erfsv;at,sw. awbAef:yAefq[(cmof)vDugj,

bl,? pof:cj;yAefulef:vlif pof:bif:qmif;vSuf;vmh;rj:wmef,eh.eh qdlof:yAefvkuf;tgef,tefsw,xlyf:vgif;avj:urj:eef.qrf. awyAefpdkof ehcj;xkuf,vDolef.wlnf:jbl,}}/

vgif;bgif;abj:eh.vgif;bgif;abj:eh.vgif;bgif;abj:eh.vgif;bgif;abj:eh.vgif;bgif;abj:eh.yAefvmh:cd kef;b[,oh.yd lifedkif;yAefvmh:cd kef;b[,oh.yd lifedkif;yAefvmh:cd kef;b[,oh.yd lifedkif;yAefvmh:cd kef;b[,oh.yd lifedkif;yAefvmh:cd kef;b[,oh.yd lifedkif;

ulef:ykxkqefpof:cj;eh. zl;v[q[aOrof,oj; Oifvh;N.ej;umeftefqof;uof,pAwf:Omif;bl,eh. peferf.wgef:zgef:vDref:rj:pdkof trf,eef vh;N.oj;ydlif;bgif;abj: pefyAefrD:zgef:vDbl,ayj:ehqdkif wdkef:rD:q[c[;pAwf:xSif; c[;cwf:q[xSif;tefoj;eef. qkrf:zl;rD:ynf,nj,zmh,ygifOmif;cof pefxdkifruf:ref;oh.eif,eh/

e[:qdkif;rdlif:tar,Iduef, wD;wgef;rdlif:]]zSef,OD,aY:eD:bj: oAif:pj,Idwf.qymuf.}}eef. cofqmrf:wlnf:vkuf;pAef:cofeif,eh]]vkuf;pAef:wif:OAif;eef. cofquf:pAwf:Omrfqkrf:aO q[.eyf.ymh:eyf.(Oif,cBj,)wj,cmof:pj;oef:? e[:Omrfqkrf:eef. tefyAefqkrf:rmhedkif;eh. cofbgif;abj:qgrf:ul;oef:bof.? qkrf:Ogifeef.Orf.urf.sewD;zdwf: qdaewD;ydlif;ref:qgrf:wduf:"aO qkrf:Omrfeef.sw. wdkef:oj;ygh,(tkyAuf.cj,)oh.eef.bof./

eif,rkif;rgif:oh.eef.aw.bof. qkrf:tefvh;xkuf,bgif;abj:ul;oef:eh. wmif:uwf.cSef,vSef,zmhcofcdkef;rj:aw."? qkrf:tefvh;cmrf,xj.vj,aO.ae:rlef.sr:qdaewmif:zdwf:(tefzdwf:)cofbl,eef.Orf. cdkef;rj:cSef:rj:bl,aOw qkrf:tefvh;cmrf,ygh,oh.eef.sw.

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trf,vh;pefvgif;vmuf,vmh:Oifrj:ehbof./ tefvDcof;q[tefedkif;sw. vkuf;tgef,qdlof:nmef,vSwf:zmheef.bgif;abj:pdkof trf,eefurf.aewmif:zdwf:cofaOw vgif;vlif.vSef,cdkef;b[,cof trf,ayj:ydlif;Oifuefeif,uof,? ulnf:uj;Jqdlof:nmef,edkuf: pSif:q[tlef;tgef,aO vh;ej;vAuf.bl,e[:su;umifydlef;eef. ayj:pof:ukrf,aO.ae:urf.aewmif:zdwf:(tefzdwf:)cofbl,wduf:"qdkif bdkif;cSef:blyf;bgrf:wluf:wSrf,ugj,wduf:"eef.bof./ bgef.ehsv; xkuf,vDbgif;abj:yefpSif:q[cofvdlofaO qdlof:yAefvkuf;tgef,pAef:wmif,qdlof:eef.bl,? ulnf:Orf.trf,q[;qdlif.eef pof:cj;vh;pefeh. urf;yj;erfsw. vkuf;tgef,pAef:qdlof:tefxkuf,vDbgif;abj:yefpSif:q[cofaOydlef;eef. wrf;wD;e[:Nif:pAef:eh.trf,vh;xkuf,wmif:bgif;abj:yefpSif:q[aOydlef;eef.bof./

vgif;bgif;abj:eh. wgef;wj,auj.yefref:trf,q[;sv;oj;vh;OAif;uj;b[,cefvlifvl:?ugrf.ulnf:vh;tofvgif;olef.xwf:Omif;tgef,urf:edkif;sv; tofwif:pSif:q[aOvmwf;yefulnf:?bkuf.ymhurftgef,wSrf;O[,wD;omifaq;rguf;OD,pj;xSofaOOlif,yefpj. trf,eeftofzlef:tgef,aOOdkyf,vmwf;bgif;abj:yefauj;bif:vh;bl,?ulnf:uj; wgef;wj,auj.vh;pyf.vh;bdef:eef.qrf. OifyAefulef:auj.tefvlof,acj;yefpSif:q[eef.qdkif awyAeftAefpSif:vlifwgef;wj,ref:sw."oj;"aO OifOrf.yAefulef:auj.rD:pSif:wArf;xlef;oh.auj; awyAefwmif:Odlof:q[ref:bl,eef.bof./

uyf:umh,vlnf;vgif;bgif;abj:eh.aO e[:rdlif:tar,Iduef, auj.vh;qdkof;]]rwf.wkef:}}eef. bmrf;vmwf;oj;]]vh;idef:acj;uGmrf:bgif;abj: tefvDxgrf,tgef,edkif;acj;ulnf:auj;tj,bkuofbmof:vh;rguf;Ogifvdlefbl,}}ehbof./

]]qif,oj;acj;uGmrf:bgif;abj:eh. OifyAefbj;bj awyAefbj;bj tefbjyefulef:wmheef.vkuf.rj:(rD:q[rj:)cdkef:auj; qmif;yAefvh;? bjyefulef:auj.tefcDiofeef. rD:wmif:Odlof:q[rj:auj;yAefvh;? bjxSif;yefauj.tefyhcmof:wmif:uheef. P;pAof:xdkifbdlif:rmhauj;yAefvh;aO bjtofP;yAeftlnf:auj.pof:rj:auj;yAefvh;eef.bof./

ugyf;ehsv; sw,tofoef:rdlof;eh.ugj,qdlof:pdrf:Mrf:pof: teftrf,yh,qdkof;vdkof:NifaOawqmif;cdkef;b[,vdkof:Nifrj:vh;eef. pof:pj:tgefzmif.(oh.Owd)aObof.auj; bgif;abj:yefpSif:q[ugj,aOurf: c[;wdkuf:Olef:eif,eh/

qgrf:vlnf; acj;uGmrf:bgif;abj:qof;uof,eh.aO trf,q[oj;yD;egif.tlnf:auj.tlnf:aO;qof;uof,sw,ugj,qdlof:eh.ulnf:vh;Odlof:q[ qof;uof,auj;wdkef:rD:wmfi:Odlof:q[qgrf:eef.bof.?vdlofaOeh. qgrf:pdrf:Mrf:qof;uof,auj; awpmif;vDrj:aOuof,bl,trf,pmif.eef.bof./

zdkeftdif-ajymwwfqdkwwf aygif;oif;wwfwJhol(azjrifh)


232

odyj,uowf;(12)odyj,uowf;(12)odyj,uowf;(12)odyj,uowf;(12)odyj,uowf;(12)qof;Ol,Idb(Nofcmh:-rdlif:udkif)

1. wlefcrf:auj:wr wkufuqIdbj,xlef;wArfugj,Nuf:yD?

owf;- ymefyAefaqj:wvuwf.OyyGmif.rj:yAefTzj:imh;ej, vh;uBmif.wj,Nuf:oef:OifyAefuofNuf:yDwArfvD"auj;qlrf:/

2. ykef,ej:aovnfqj,? vSefykwf.wj,tdkyf:Ogrf:? udkuf:qgrf:vkuf;egif.qof;?

owf;- ymefyAefvgif:orf,O? qgrf:ch;rvlrf:rdefwD;pdkuf:pdefuGmif;ej,? rDtgefugj,wdefpuf:vh;oj;awrj:Mif.? tkrf;OSifOgif.rj:ySwf;/

3. sr;qdef,qrj,e rj:vmwf;cuGmrf:emif:oj;tofemif:ykrfb[,?

owf;- ymefyAefrkuf.Olof:auBj,? vh;xlyf:awj,ckefOdef? Olbgef:udefydlef;vh;? wmif:cmef.Oleh.b[,? ae:oj;O[,uGmrf:uRj:?owf;cdkef:rj:wgyf,cgyf;/

4. Omif,vlifaw,owwf;?uknf.wSef,Omwf;pdefvlif:?wdefTzj:ilif:tguf,vdlwf;?

owf;- ymefyAefvkuf;apjcrf:? c[;zgif:irf:ydlif,qdkif;? rmuf,pdefvdkif;Nofegif.? tD:Ogif.wluf:vmef:zj? owf;zkifejwgyf,cgyf;/

5. tSofcrf:qof;qAyf:ej,?trf,vh;Oj,q[vD?

owf;- rdlof;ymefyAefvgif:qof;? ayj;sr;xof;ulef:zmef? rD:zmh:imefwlofedkif;?ayj.wSef,vdkif;vmh:qdlif:? tofulef:rdlif:wmhcgh;? qof;vgif:rj:cof;wSef,? Olef;wdefuSef,qof:tSof/

6. Nofcrf:qof;cdkef;ej,? trf,vh;Oj,q[vDowf;- ymefyAefvkuf;wrf,ij;?

vh;ugj,oj;uGmrf:zdwf:?q[.ydlef;bgif;pdefuSef,?xkyf.wSef,emuf;Nofyj?owf;cdkef:wgyf,pjqof;/

7. qof;pof:yAefwgif.egif,?vdlwf;vSifcgif,qAyf:e[:?

owf;- ymefyAefwduduf.Oj,? vh;bjugj,ydlef;cSef:oj;trf,wSef:ukif,sv;? pAwf:wgif.sp;ayj:wmh? owf;cdkef:Omhwgyf,cgyf;/

8. wmif:yAefqof;trf,Oj,?cdlif;aIj:uj,wlof:rj:? bjukqj:trf,vh;?

owf;- ymefyAefapjcrf:qof;?ruf.vof;trf,urfOdef? pAwf:az:cAeftrmwf;? vSof:wSef,Omwf;tofwmh/

9. Mwf;xdkifrj;wgef;uof;? owf;qof;wdkuf.rD:erf? oh.udkwf:crfykwf;pmif;? ykwf.xedrdwf.w? wmef:e[:rdlif:IcSif,? bgef:xdluf;OSif,wmifwlof?

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233

owf;- ymefyAefyjrkif:b[,? pmifzwf.O[,tSofulef:? vlrf.wlofOlef:wmhcgh;/

10. qof;pof:rj:pyf.Ogrf:? qmif;crf:ugrf:vl,umyf;? wmif:xmyf;eh.pSif:b[,? umyf;vgif:O[,edlof.rl?

owf;- ymefyAefvgif:qof;zmef? rD:uGmrf:omefwdlif,oj;? qmwf;ej;yAefTzj:? auj.vDrj:yAefrl,/

11. pyf.Ogrf:bof.aO,cBj,? Nrf;pmef:wj,qgrf:yh? Mwf;cmof:uhzgif,erf.?eef,wj,egif.cdkifwAuf:?erf.ch:vAuf:ykif,q[;?

owf;- qmwf;yAefolof:ulofOdlof? wofwmif:edloferf.ckef,? sr;uD;qkef,udefyj:/

12. wlefcrf:edyf.yl,? wlef;yof:bl,Nofxdefowf;- qmwf;edkif;vkuf;ulef:zmef?

pAwf:umefvAif.wlofuGmh:?qefydifvmh:wguf,cAif;?owf;wgyf,OAif;Odyf:Ogif?ylef.zgif:egifulrf,i[;/

zdkeftdif- owf;av:qof;(12)qaI:tdef,wj,(omef;qdif:)

ckefapjcrf:auj:Ovegef:zef(16)tefckefapjcrf:auj:Ovegef:zef(16)tefckefapjcrf:auj:Ovegef:zef(16)tefckefapjcrf:auj:Ovegef:zef(16)tefckefapjcrf:auj:Ovegef:zef(16)tefacj;vyf.wif:acj;su;wgyf,acj;vyf.wif:acj;su;wgyf,acj;vyf.wif:acj;su;wgyf,acj;vyf.wif:acj;su;wgyf,acj;vyf.wif:acj;su;wgyf,pdefOSif P.S.E Diploma(Y.gon)

Nofcmh:? rdlif:udkifckefapjcrf:auj:Ovvof;xmrfacj;vyf.1. OD,wlofolof:clefvrf

awawj:wrfidlif.so;/2. wlef;tgef,wSrf,yAif:vdef?

rmuf,Okuf:udefykuf.ugef;/3. olof:tgef,udlwf,rdlof;eh.?

sr;ref:qkyf,cdkef:Oh.udefelrf:/4. olof:wlofvliftrf,vmuf;?

q[.wSef,emuf;olof:aO:/5. rOgifOlyf:wlofb[,?

pjvAif.O[,emef:ayj:/6. uguf:crf:OSefuj;b[,?

toftmyf;rjbAof;O[,e[:ref:/7. zef;qdluf;ugj,qgrf:wmif:?

ygh,yhomif:vmuf;egif;?rjsr;vuf.clyf:qmyf,?OAef;qdluf;wmyf,tofbgrf:/

8. arj;vAuf.yof,ylnfzmif:?wAuf:erf.OGmif:arj;b[,/

9. erf.ckef,su;umifzgif:?pdrf:zif,cRif:O[qdkef;/

10. cof;arj;vAofOkuf:OmrfqAif,?tlef;uSef,zAif,rD:aq:/

11. uSefqef:ul:Mrfej,?vSuf;toferf.xlof,rj,udefOkif:/

12. erf.egifwdkif:trf,Oof;?rmuf,erf.wof;qlrfvlif:/


234

13. rmuf,pdefvkuf;wmef,vgh?eif,uAwf:Mhayj,erf./

14. il:pof,ugif.bmif:yBmif:?cAwf,wlofemif:tlrfySwf;/

15. ujvrfruf.cSof:ej,?eluf.pmif:Oj,vhegrf:/

16. wlofsy.tgef,elrf:bmef:?Omif,OD;umef:Odlofymh;/

Tzj:yAefqof;su;wgyf,Tzj:yAefqof;su;wgyf,Tzj:yAefqof;su;wgyf,Tzj:yAefqof;su;wgyf,Tzj:yAefqof;su;wgyf,1. zvifarj:ul;zmh,?

zleftrf,omh,wluf:vlif:/2. wdkuf.ykif,pmif;OmofOSof:?

tofzlofaw,Ndef:wSof:vkuf;sz;/3. vkuf;vmif:Odrf:tkwf.qj,?

trf,vAif.ayj;tduf,sr; rj,wj,pmrf:udef4. tofvkuf;tgef,pAwf:qof;?

xof;omef;tduf,ulef:vlif?ygh,omif:ylifzj;ySwf;/

5. ckefwuf:udefOl:vmyf;?sv,pjumyf;idkef:rgef?wSyf:Twj:trf,rmef,?zl;v[rD:ySuf.Omef,ref:Nif/

6. emif:bdif:vDrD:cgef,?q[eyf.Ogef,idkef:crf:?tofzlofulef:rdluf;r[;?wSrf,wluf:w[;Okrf:wlof/

7. clof:zlofvlifydlifySif,?vuf.tofrSif,zlofuSrf/

8. ulef:ugwf:zmefpAef;ej,?tdkyf:tqj,wmif:udef?

ydlef;uAyf:cgef,idkef:crf:?vh;tofwrf:OAif;OAif;/

9. e[:oAif:uAyf:cgef,ej,?omef;eguf;Oj,ulef:udkef:/

10. ckeftrf,qgrf:Twj:?zlefOmrfyj: ej:Omrfvguf:trf,zAif,/

11. uGmrf:Tzj:uj;b[,?vSuf;tofaq;idkef:r[,apj:udef/

12. uGmrf:crf:qof;ynf,nj,?z[rof,rmwf;euf:ej,qgrf:tof/

13. Omif,Ipmef:rdluf;r[;?uSef,ughq[;zkif:pSif:/

14. xof;ymefvkif:cdif:yl,?Nrf;Mrf:bl,Omofpmh:?vkuf;emif:ar:apj;vj,?ul;cmof:cj,tlefyef:/

15. qof;ynf,nj,Odefxrf:?vh;ugrf:wrf:tmh;rdluf;/

16. tmh;rdluf;bl,e[:rdlif:?Ol,awj,udlif:pjxrf;/

zdkeftdif-1. avj:ueD,wd(qof;TOj,au,vj,O

uRif:ej:edlof? rdlif:udkif)2. ymh:rgef: yDugef:crf:ymifvlif/

1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-2121212121

235

rdlof;ymefckefapjcrf:auj:Oveef. rD:zgif:rdlif:(trmwf;)auj.edkif; pAwf:yefzgef:vDckefapjcrf:ul;vgif;"sv; rD:au:ql:edlofckefapjcrf:aw." ckefapjcrf:auj; pefvDaObkuf.bgif;ref:aw."bof./ zgif:rdlif:qdlof:urf;zgif;pefvDaO vof;vmwf;wD;ckefapjcrf:oj;]]zgif:rdlif:teffqof;pof:bkuf.bgif;eef. uh.pAwf:vgif;trf,vDedlofqof;pof:atj;}} aOj,blif:eif,ehsv;ckefapjcrf:auj;qgyf,cmof,wlnf: zgif:rdlif:auj.tefref:bkuf.bgif;eef.aO trf,vh;pefvgif;zdwf:ydlif;Oifsv; zgif:rdlif:auj.eh. yAefwh:auj.vDpj.wh:auj.uSuf:? awpAwf:pdkofP;ayj:N.vh;aej; uofawrdlof:vof;xdkif wgif;xmrfTzj:yAefqof;ugef, olef.eif,ehaO rdlof:ql:Tzj:yAefqof;bof./ ]]Tzj:yAefqof;pof:wD;cj; ulef:auj.edkif;eh. yAefwh:auj.vDpj.wh:auj.uSuf:eh awvh;pAwf:qdlif.pdkofP;ayj:N.vh;vDwD;cj;}}Tzj:yAefqof;auj;cdkef:tofydkef:oef:vif tefckefapjcrf:yImrf,rwmwf;xmrfsv; aej,vgif:qof;zl;rD:ynf,nj,oh.eef. wgyf,yefacj;xmrfckefapjcrf:auj:Ovbl,bof

]]pmif;zmifwh:auj.uSuf:}}]]pmif;zmifwh:auj.uSuf:}}]]pmif;zmifwh:auj.uSuf:}}]]pmif;zmifwh:auj.uSuf:}}]]pmif;zmifwh:auj.uSuf:}}1. ulef:auj.tef

pefwh:auj.sv;trf,bkrf.trf,clof/2. ulef:auj.tef

trf,pefvDuGmrf:vmwf;wh:auj./3. ulef:auj.tef

wlnf:xdkifwlofuof,ulnf:? trf,wlnf:xdkifwh:auj./

4. ulef:auj.tefpAwf:Omefcwf:uefwif:wh:auj./

5. ulef:auj.tefpAwf:auj.zl;cAefwh:auj./

6. ulef:auj.teftrf,pAwf:auj. wif:tlnf:auj.wh:auj./

7. ulef:auj.tefpmrf;vgif;tefydlef;vmwf; ukif,wh:auj./

8. ulef:auj.tefbgif;tmrf:vgif; tefydlef;xvj,wh:auj./

9. ulef:auj.teftrf,vmwf;aewh:auj.vgif;Odlif,Odrf:qof;uof,/

wh:auj.vD sv;

wh:auj.uSuf:qof;tIdb Diploma(Y.gon)

Nofcmh:? rdlif:udkif○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○


236

10. ulef:auj.teftrf,Odlif,Odrf:yefvgif;Odlif,Odrf:wh:auj./

11. ulef:auj.teftrf,bgif;tmrf:ej;umefwh:auj./

12. ulef:auj.teftrf,bgif;tmrf:wmif:arjwh:auj./

13. ulef:auj.tefNrfqlrf:vgif;wh:auj.trf,cdkef;b[,/

14. ulef:auj.teftrf,Nrfqlrf:vgif;wh:auj.cdkef;b[,/

15. ulef:auj.tefrdlof;vh;wmif:udeftefvDtefomefeef. trf,ckuf:q[vh;wh:auj./

16. ulef:auj.teftrf,olef.oj; e[:qdlof:eh. Oifwh:auj.uofauj;vh;eh awvDbl,/vgif;wmif:(16)eh. qmif;rD:wD;wh:auj.

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240

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]]Tzj:yAefqof;pof:wD;cj; q[;wD;cj;bof.? cj;emif:eh. rdlof;qmwf;ylef.rj:eef.wrf;wD;qof;Ipmef:ykef,ej:qdlof:eef. cof;erf.wmif:udef erf.Olrf;qArf:omef zj;vdlifOmif,umef: clof:ekif;wmif:oh zj;Odlof,wD;bl,wD;Oof: rguf,bj;cof;wSuf, erf.Mrfemrf,Oj, zh:zwj,q[.wj,wdkof: uj;vlwf.uj;uj:qdlof:eh. vh;vl,rj:aO wrf;wD;ulef:wmif,auj. tefrD:clof:cgifidkef:crf:wArfxlef; rD:auj.qgh;xSrfvAif.vl vkrf:vj: xkuf,ydlef;bgif;abj:ukif,rkefcofqdlof:eef.trf,rD:q[tdwf.Oj,aO arjNrfqlrf:qgrf:sv;xdkifrj:qmwf;eh. cj;emif: qif,rD:cgiftkwf.qj,idkef:crf:wArfxlef; rD:ukif,rkefrD:ej;wjwD;cj;bof./}}

Tzj:yAefqof;pof:wD;cj; aw,tofbmrf:awj;vAofeh.ugj, vgif;q[ydwf:q[ygwf: q[vrfawj:O q[trf,vDpmh.qqdlof:eef. cj;emif:awbdlef.uef; P;vh;ugj,aO wrf;wD;Ipmef:ykef,ej:qugj,qdlof:eef. cj;emif:yAefvh;uj;pdkofauj; awbdkef;bl,wmef:atj;/ wrf;wD;wmif,auj. tefrD:clof:cgifidkef:crf:wArfxlef;qdlof:eef.sv;Oif? zl;uwf.cSef,cofqdlof: tefxkuf,ydlef;eyf.brftofukif,rkefqdlof:eef.sv;Oif? trf,xkuf,vDoh.q[tdwf.Oj, trf,rSef;q[aO xkuf,vDNrfqlrf:qgrf:aw."atj;}}eh vof;vmwf;Tzj:yAefqof;pof:eif,ehbof./


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ayj:wlnf:Odluf;ydkef:edlofeh.qdkif pkpefoj; q[vrfawj:Oeh. qmif;yefP;zopmif;qeh e[:xrf:ydwuwf;qof;aeoh.wif:erfaOvgif;trf,rD:q[ydwf:q[ygwf: q[vrfawj:O rD:q[bdkef:bmof:aO rD:q[rAwf.wj,eh. qmif;yefP;zoqof;uof,pmif;vDehbof./

vgif;umefvDukOlof, tefqmif;yefzgef:vD P;zopmif;vDqdlof:eef. e[:xrf:ydwumwf;qof;rD:bl,wmif:erf? e[:zgef:vDywf:bl:(7)ydlif rmhOD,eef.auj; rD:oh.oj; yAefumefvDukOlof,umrf, tefqmif;yefzgef:vDP;wlofq[pmif;vDehaO Odluf:ydkef:wD;uGmif:ref: ulofej;vduf;bmof:ugj,sv; trf,wSrf;sebof./ e[:zgef:vDvl,cof;Ogrf:? zgef:vDvl,erf.? vl,rguf,? vl,zj;vdlifOmif,umef: clof:ekif;wmif:ohqdlof:eef.auj;yj:oh.oj; ]]oef,e}}eh wj,pmif;zmifvDehbof.qgrf:eif,tefvh;serj:qdlof:eh. zl;vl,vduf;pof:cofvh;N.pefbof.sv; Oifoj;q[qof;uof,trf,vD tguf,awj:Orj:ayj:eh xkuf,yefOwdoj; qgif,qof;uof,c[;pmif;qehaO bj,P;zh:awj:Ovh;rj:pkrf:rh;qof;uof,? P;rD:wmif:Odlof:q[vlnf;umefvDukOlof,? ygwf;Okuf;ODwlofODq[ ul;qof;e[oef:crf;aO P;rD:wmif:wlofq[pmif;vDwmif:e[:wmif:eguf;aObof.sv; P;vh;pAwf:umefykef;wj,qdlof.cdlof:zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,pof:ugj,imh;"vlrf"ul;z[ref:aOurf:/

zdkeftdif-tif,ukwf.XIyj,vdqof;rmhedkif; ej;(523)

ch;pef wuj.ch;pef

ayj:ch;pefrjclyf:uef-tgh,vkyf,ayj:ch;pefulef:tkyf,-tofvof;wdkuf:ayj:ch;pefulef:egef:vkduf: wlnf:ulef:Ol,bj;ayj:ch;pefydlef;oj; pAwf:Omefcwf:ayj:ch;pefulef:pwf: tofidkef:rSif,ayj:ch;pefulef:ph,OSif, uGj,ygh:OSif:ayj:ch;pefydlef;puf.ydlef;ySif: P;arjvmwf;ayj:ch;pefolof:umwf; tofolof:ydkuf.ayj:ch;pefulef:Orf:rdkuf. wlnf:wh:ayj:ch;pefulef:yhz[: wlnf:zl;eSwf;ayj:ch;pefulef:bAefwAwf, tofwmif:ch;q[xdkifayj:ch;pefulef:rdkif wlnf:zl;qmif;olef.ayj:ch;peferf.vlef. wAifzhmayj:ch;pefyjwhm tofavaq;ayj:ch;pefemif:bdif:zmwf,ar;wlnf:rdlof;vuf.zlofayj:ch;pefydlef;clof vmwf;yBmuf;ayj:ch;pefulef:iof wlnf:zl;rmwf;eD;ayj:ch;pefulef:ej;uD; wlnf:zl;vDyAefayj:ch;pefrdlif:bAef P;pAwf:q[zAif,cdkif;ayj:ch;pefwD;tdifydkif; uGj,ql:auj.puf.cdlof:ayj:ch;pefzl;zhm:Ndof: uGj,ql:wD;erf.uAofayj:ch;pefrdlif:qAof:pAof uGj,pAwf:cj;ydlef; /

qdif,Ndif:-rdlif:Ol;13.9.2013.

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uGmrf:erf:Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;sv; yD;egif.wh:eh.

zl;clef.cGj. bmrf;wSrf;O[, e[:yyf.cmof:wmif:OD,Nof, rmh-12eef.rj:bof. yguf;edkif;eif,uof,/ulnf:uj; e[:qdlof:tef awj.wh,ch;serj:eef.ref:yh,yj:aq:/ ayj:awoj;eef tefwdkuf.clef.cGj.bl,rdlof;vAofeh.auj; yj:aq:bof.seOifoj;xmrfeh eh.auj; wdkuf.awvh;wgyf,oj;yh,yj:aq:eif,uof, ehulnf:/ rdlof;vAofeh.auj;wdkuf.yAef tefuj;eif, Oguf;pjpefvh;eef.ulnf:/ bkrf,brf,oj; ref:wdkuf.awudkwf: wif:erfwif:vmhbl,trf,pmif./ omh:aOvh;wSrf;O[, e[:yyf.cmof:wmif:OD,Nof,bof. Orf.vh;xSif; acj;rkef:ref:tdwf:tgwf:sv; qif,vh;Odkyf, wSrf;xSif;rdlefbmrf:vAofeh.bl,/ ydkef:tefoj;eh. pjauj;pjbmyf,? ayj:vh;rj:bof. rD:auj;rD:uj;cefwj,qmof:cdlof:qof;uof,sw."eheef. z[auj;awygif,q[bl,/ qgrf:eif, vh;pjMrfoh.eef.awbgef: awj.wh,ch;se zl;vlvduf;cofxSif;tdwf:edkif;/

vuf:xmefOj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;vuf:xmefOj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;vuf:xmefOj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;vuf:xmefOj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;vuf:xmefOj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;e[:rdlif: bl,emef,e[:rdlif: bl,emef,e[:rdlif: bl,emef,e[:rdlif: bl,emef,e[:rdlif: bl,emef,uAof,vlnf; vuf:xmefOj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;

tefyD;egif.wh: rdlif:vmef.qof; eyf.brfeh.ayj:rj:vAyf;pAef:wlnf:qgrf:e[:ydkef: Odlof,tvSuf.qef:wj: cef,edif,urf,? tj,-qD,ruBmrf:wj: aw:odwf.? zD wj:Ilof: (Sir AlexanderCuningham, R.C, Majumdar David, P.Darrows)cofwSrf;oh. eef.oj; ]]Oj,Oej,tefyD;egif.wh:wif:vmh eyf.brfbl,eh. pof:vh;vAyf;pAef:pkoj; ref:vkuf.tofygwf:qmef:aOsv; cof;rj:e[:rdlif:sc, qArfrdlof; e[:ymef 1-at,wD,ykef. oj;eh? bgef.eefsv; Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf; sv; yD;egif.wh: tefbl,Oof: e[:rdlif:vlifvmef.qof;eh. cofwdkef:bl,Oof:qgrf:uefrj:? rdkwf;udkof:qrfq[uefrj: qArfrdlof;v["tgefej; cofyh,cmh.ugj, ygwf:qmef: ykef.ugef,/Oj,Oej,e[:rdlif:sc, tefMif.oj; ]Oj,Oej,rpj,bj,e}eh. yAeftefcofeyf.brf omh:vdkef:vifeef.ulnf:/ ayj:tofe[:yd kef:cofoj;Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;sw. cofwdkef:eyf.brfrj: qArfrdlof;qof."ykef.? ugyf;pefxdkifoj;Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;eh. ref:rD:vgef.uSef?yAeftefqSwf;qmif,? qgrf:eif,ykwf.xqof;Oif,Ogefrguf,vmwf;seoh. ugyf;ref:wluf:rSef;

Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf; sv;yD;egif.wh: ymefvmef.qof;D

Dr.ynfnjODI (Omhygef)


244

qgrf: Ozj,oref:vDeef.bof.}}ehbl,/1

ayj:tofqgrf:e[:ydkef: Odlof, tvSuf.qef:wj: cef,edif,urf,eh.oj;qdkif Oj,Oej,tefyD;egif.wh: ymefvmef.qof; tgefuefeyf.brfrdlof;ymefeef. ref:vkuf.tofygwf:qmef:aOsv;cof;ugj,/ Orf.yAefOj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;?Orf.rj:Mwf;e[:rdlif:vmef.qof; rdlof;ymef 1-at,wD,ykef. oj;eh/ ayj:tofqgrf:e[:ydkef:eh.oj;sw,tofrdlof;eef.rj: tefoj;yD;egif.wh:e[:rdlif:vmef.qof; ygwf:bl,emef, eyf.brfOj,Oej,tefv[eheef. wSuf,vSif:vDaOydlef;Okwf:bof./ ayj:tofqgrf:ydkef:eh.oj; Oj,Oej, tefyD;egif.wh: eyf.brfrj: qArfrdlof;qof."eef.ref:wdkef:yAef Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;rj: qArfrdlof; ymef 1-at,wD,eef.ehbl,/

vdlofaOeef. ref:bif:oj;xSif; teftofqgrf:vguf:vmh:rpj,bj,eaO eyf.brfeh.sw.ref:yAef tefeyf.brfurf:vdkef:vifulnf: ehbl,/ teftrf,wSuf,vSif:tefedkif;sw. ref:vkuf.tofygwf:qmef:rj:tefoj;eef. ]yAefwD;v[} eheef.bof./ eh. ref:trf,vmwf;seyj:wD;ref:rj:/ vgif;eh. Oifqdlof.oj; ref:vkuf.tofrdlif:Oxkif,aOrj:ehauj; yAefvh;bl,/ ugyf;ydlof;Oj,Oej, rj:zSofrdlif:Oxkif, qArfrdlof; Nofymuf,yD3-yD,qD qArfrdlof;qof."ykef./ tefrj:rdlif:Oxkif,eh. yAefqof;aOj:esv;qof;tkwf.wI auj.tofrj:eef.bof./ vgif;eh.sw. ulef:wif:erftgefuefpkuefaO pyf.cmrf,oh.bl,/-------------------------------1. Sir Alexander Cunningham, R.C. Majumdar, David.P. Darrows, Encyclopaedia of Asian History, Gen-esis Publishing PvT Ltd, 2008. p.38.

Oifoj; trf,q[;qdlif.eef tefref:rj: e[:rdlif:vmef.qof; rdlof; 1-at,wD,eh. ref:vkuf.wD;rdlif:yBdof, (bmrf:vAof rdlif:yBD,? e[:ydkef:zIlrf:)eef.aO rj:tdlof;ehauj; pyf.cmrf,vh;bl,/ bgef.qof;ydkef:cofoj; ]]Oj,Oej, zSofrj:rdlif:yBdof, OD,IdcAwf.wIj,eh. qArfrdlof;ymefckefapjcrf: taOj:urdlof;zgif: 3-yD,qD,ykef.}} eheef.bof./2 eh.yAeftefzl;wSrf;pefxdkif Oifoj;ref:vkuf.tofygwf:qmef: wD;qrfOkwf:aO cof;rj: rdlif:vmef.qof;/ yAefvh;_trf,yAefvh; zl;vlif.ydkef:cof udkif,vDOdkyf,Oguf;wlnf:xSif;bl,/ tefvkuf.rdlif:yBD,aO cof;ugj,eh. Omhimhref:yAefvh;erfaOydlef;/

vdlofaOeef. rdlof;zgif:e[: 4-5-at,wD,`ymefrkefqof;]xof.tSef,}(Tao-an) rj:omh:vifqdlof:eef. yAefzgif:rkefqof;sc,cof Oguf;pjyyf.odeh: (odeb)wduf:"aO ydef,yAefzj,Oj,cofbl,wduf:"/ yj:qArfrkefqof;zOSif (Fa-hsien)tefrj:pj yyf.odeh: wD;rdlif:tdef:wD:bj: rdlof;zgif: 5-at,wD,/ rdlof;zgif: rkefqof;sc, ukrj,IqD,o cofwdkuf.ydef,yyf.odeh:bl,eef. qof;yknf,nwI sv; qof;xrf,rIkqd tefvkuf.rdlif:uSwf.OrD:bj: rj:eef. bif:rj:tofyyf.odeh:ax,Iomwf;_Oj,owf.xdoj,w ydef,qgh;zj,Oj,sc,cofbl,ehbof./ rdlof;zgif:bmrf:qdlof:eef. ej;vdefqdlof:tefyD;egif.wh:bl,Oof: (ygwf:bl,emef,)eef.sw. coftgefuefbdyf:wdkof: yyf.odeh:tefvkuf.wD;qkrf:Oj,owf.xdoj,w (ax,Iomwf;) eef.rj:ulnf: ehbof./3

------------------------------2. Roger Bischoff, Buddhism in Myanmar, p 34.

3. Chao Pu-chu, Buddhism in China, pp 4 -7.

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ayj:wlnf:tofe[:ydkef:sc,cof wSrf;oh.yj;edlofeh.oj;auj; rdlof;zgif:bmrf:e[:rguf; 4-5-at,wD,qdlof:eef. e[:ej;vdef qdlof:tefyD;egif.wh:cofbl,Oof: (ygwf:bl,emef,) eef.sw. coftgefuefbdyf:wdkof: yyf.odeh: tefvkuf.wD; qkrf:Oj,owf.xdoj,w (ax,I omwf;) eef.rj:ulnf:oj;eh/ tefeh. ref:sevuf:xmefoj; rdlof;zgif:qdlof:eef. yD;egif.wh: tefbl,e[:rdlif:vmef.qof;cof eyf.brfOj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;ulnf:eheef.auj; wdkef:wSuf,vSif:oh.sw."bl,/

vdlofaOeef. Orf.vh;pef e[:ydkef:sc,xSif; oj; ]]yj,vd? rj,ux tefyAefcgifqmof:ykwf.qkrf:ax,Iomwf;cof bdyf:wdkof:eh. rj:sz;wdlef:oh. e[:ygwf:wgef;bl,emef, wD;tefqmof:cdlof:wh:cof bl,Oof:oh.eef.bl,/ bgef.ydlof;yD;egif.wh:cof arjyj,vdsv; coftrf,wmyf;ydef,zmh,wh:cofoh./

wmif:cwf:q[ tefcofxdif:Odrf:vh; Oj,Oej,sv; tefcofOgefxrf,r eyf.Nofymuf,yDref: ylef.rj:qdlof:eef. yAefwD;pof:vh;bgif;abj:cofrj:sw."ehbl,bof./4

ayj:wlnf:tofydkef:yj;edlofeh. oj;xSif;auj;yj,vdrj,uxeh. rj:sz;oh. e[:ej;vdef tefyD;egif.wh:bl,Oof: e[:rdlif:vmef.qof; (ygwf:bl,emef,)eheef.} wDeh;auj; wdkef:wSuf,vSif:oj;yD;egif.wh: e[:rdlif:vmef.qof; rdlof;zgif:at,WD,qdlof:eef. cofeyf.brfOj,Oej,tefv[àx,Iomwf;se, trf,eefvmh: rpj,bj,etefoj;eef.bl,/ yj,vdrj,uxeh. ref:yAefvduf;vmh: ydwumwf; tefqkrf:Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;cof bdyf:rj:awj,xdkifbmrf:vAof/

qkrf:Oj,Oej, rpj,bj,ecofOrf. ydwumwf;tefcofbdyf:wdkof:eef. yAefvduf;Omef:OuIdwf. tefoj;eef.ulnf:?? bgef.eef.sv; yD;egif.wh: rdlif:vmef.qof;cof rdlof;zgif:eef.wdkef:yAefqmof:ykwf. tefudlof:brf Oj,Oej,axIomwf;ulnf:eheef. wSuf,vSif:oh.sw.sw./ydlifedkif;auj; ulef:wSrf;ydkef:qdlof:eef. Orf.yAefac, tefbl,qrfudefpdrf: yDegif.wh:? pkvgif;wh:eef.auj; pif:ref:?? rdlof;ymefqdlof:eef. wh:sv;ac,auj; ayj:wlnf:e[:ydkef: Orf.ayj:wdkuf:awj:uefbl,wj,aO,? wj,wh:awegrf:ql:coftefoj;eef. vSyf;yAefvh;bmyf,/ ugyf;ydlof;vgif;qdlof:eh.aOauj; pif:ref:eef.bof./

vdlofaOeef. ayj:tofzl;vlif.ydkef:cofoj;xSif; Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf; tefMif.oj;Oj,Oej,ygwf:qmef:eh. vkuf.tofrdlif:rmef;aO cofuGj,xdkif ygwf:ej;vdefwh: ygwf:bl,eef,rdlif:vmef.qof; rdlof; 7 at,WD,eef.ehbof./rdlof;qof.qof.sw. owf.rkefqof; yh,ayj:rD:/acj;Oif,Ogef ykwf.xqof;auj; tgefueftofOlyf:aO OgeftlrfOlyf:oh.ulnf:?? xdkifrdlof; 11at,WD,eef. bgef.ydlof;e[:rdlif: yAefOdkuf:yAefOdlofpSif:ej,sv; tofiof:Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;cdkef:ogwf;ogh:uGj,tdwf:edkif;/ omh:Odkuf:Odlof e[:rdlif:bAefuGj,bof.eef.sw. Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;tefcdkef:vkuf.tof e[:rdlif:xh: rdlif:rmef;rj:eef. cdkef:cdkef;b[,r[,Okifrj:? cdkef:yefOmhvSif:ref:rj: e[:rdlif:vlifbl,emef,eef.bof./ywf.wOkwf;(ywf.wIOkwfw) teftofvduf;wh:wSrf;oh.eef. tguf,rj: omh:aOcliftguf,rj:vduf;wh: rdlof;1277 at,WD,eef. ehbof./


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ayj:tofqgrf:yd kef:eh.oj;auj; vgif;oj;yD;egif.wh: rdlof;ymefvmef.qof; eyf.brfOj,Oej, ax,Iomwf;ulnf:eheef.auj; wSuf,vSif:bl,/ Oj,Oej,eef. Orf.vkuf.tof e[:rdlif:rmef;aO cofuGj,eheef.auj; wSuf,vSif:vDxSif;bl,/ Orf.cof;uGj,rdlof;zgif: e[: 7 at,WD, oj;eh/ayj:yAefeef Oj,Oej,tefeh. awyAefvh;tefvkuf.tof e[:rdlif:yBdof, (bmrf:vAofyDB,) tefMif.oj; zIlrf:(prome)eef.aO rj:bl,/ugyf;ydlof;oj; rdlif:yBD,eh. Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;Mwf;rj:qArfrdlof;qof. rguf; 3 at,WD,/ urf;zgif;Orf.oj; tefOj,Oej,zAofrj: rd li f:ydo f,OD,IdcAwf.wIj,eh. qArfrdlof; ymefckefapjcrf:taOj:u rdlof;zgif: 3 yD,qD,ykef. ehauj; vh;pef/ydlifedkif;auj; vh;pefe[:ykdef:oj; ygwf:tyIef,wu rdlefeif,wj;ugif? uAif:pkif;sv; Omyf,erf.vSefvdef qgrf:zif,erf.uAof rdlif:rmef;ygwf:edlofqgrf:pdrf:Mrf: rdlif:yBD,qdlof:eef. rdlof;zgif:ymefat,WD,rdlof;qof. tmrf:ewf;yD;egif.wh:vmef.qof;Nrf,irf:oh.ehauj; vh;pefbof./bgef.eefsv; qif,pmyf.cmrf,oj; Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf; tefvkuf.tof rdlif:rmef;aO cof;uGj,xdkif rdlif:vmef.qof; ygwf:bl,emef,eef.wdkef:vkuf.tof rdlif:yBD,aOuGj,ehbl,/ vkuf.tofOxkif, rdlif:rgef:aOuGj,ehsw. awtrf,yAefvh;/ bgef.oj; e[:ydkef: trf,vh;pef rdlif:Oxkif,sv; yD;egif.wh:vmef.qof; rdlof;qof.qof.uyf:Od ky f,uef rd lefrd li f:yB D,/ rd li f:Oxkif,?rdlif:rgef:eef.auj; rdlof;zgif:bmrf:at,WD,rdlof;qof.qof.eef. vh;pefOj,Oej, Ndof;Ndif:oh.sw.sw.eif,uof,/

vdlofaOeef. ayj:tofqgrf: e[:ydkef:eh.oj;pof:vh;pkoj;rdlif:qof;olif.apjOSif ymefvmef.qof;eh. rdlof;zgif: 12 at,WD,eef.sw.tgefuefq[.wdkof: vduf;vmh:wh:rj:bof. eh.acj;edkif;/ ayj:wlnf:tof e[:ydkef:eh.oj; vduf;vmh:wh:pof:sw,rD:rj:? sw,q[.wdkof:rj: rdlof;v[eheef.auj; wSuf,vSif:oh.wgef;edkif;/ ulnf:uj;vduf;wh:pof:eh. tefeh.rD:rj: qof.aOydlef;bof.pj.ehsw. yh,pwf:oj;eif,uof,/ ugyf;acj;rkef:ref: yh,Oguf;pjpefvh;aq:/ ayj:wlnf:tof tefyD;egif.wh:pof: wif;omef;wif;rdlif:rj:qdlof:eef.sw. wif;rj:qArfrdlof;ymef yDrdlif:yD,qD, rdlof;qof.qof.ykef./ ugyf;eef vduf;wh:pof:eh. wdkuf.rD:rj:tof ymefeh.ulnf:eheef.awtrf,yAefvh;/

e[:ydkef:eef. Orf.Odkyf,oj;xSif; bmrf: rdlof;vkuf;bdif;ckefapjcrf: rdlif:rmef; ] rdlof;ulyf.ul;uefwif:ulef:vlif rdlif:bl,emef, rdlof;yD 1569at,WD,eef.sw. ckefapjcrf:rdlif:rmef; Olifrdlof:ulef:ydkefsz;Oj,Oej, xdkifrdlif:bl,emef,/rdlof;zgif:eef.pkefpmif;ykwf.xqof;sv; yyf.vduf;ydwumwf;auj; tofrdlof:qgrf:wif:erf/omh:eef. yD;egif.wh:sv; ulef:wmif,cd lof:qif,tgefuefwif;rj: owf.oj:aO tgefuefqgrf:rj: vmh:qmof:ykwf.ax,Iomwf;ehbof./

ayj:wlnf:qgrf: e[:yyf.ydkef: History ofTheravada Buddism in South-East Asiatefzl; vlif.ydkef: Kanai Lal

zgif:bmrf: e[:yDat,WD, 1556-1581 eef.e[:rdlif:rmef; yAefymefckefapjcrf:ybdef,egif,/

www. itourschina.com Panorama

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southem- Buddhism .htmHazra eef.oj; rdlif:vlifvmef.qof;eh.

rdlof;ymefckefapjcrf: ckefuof;vlifzj.8 { Ko LoFeng} (748-778) eef. tmrf:ewf;ref:qof;bif:Nrf,irf:xdkifyj: rdlif:yBD,(zIlrf:) rdlif:rmef;ygwf:edlof? ygwf:w[;? ygwf:umifqdlof:eef.v[ehbof./ rdlof;zgif:qdlof:eef. ckefapjcrf:vmef.qof;eh. yAefqmof:ykwf. ax,Iomwf;rlwf:ehbof./

e[:ydkef:eh.auj; ref:sevuf:xmefoj;ymefqof;olif.apjOSif rdlif:vmef.qof; rdlof:bmrf:eef.sv; tduf,vlnf; cj;omef; ulef:rdlif:e[:rd lif:vlifvmef.qof;cof bmrf;eyf.brfOj,Oej,qkrf:v[rj: tefoj;eef.bl,/ eh.auj;ref:se vuf:xmefref;ref;uSef,uSef, ckefapjcrf: vmef.qof;cofeh. cofyAefqmof:ykwf.tefudlof:brfqmof:ykwf. ax,Iomwf;ulnf:eheef.bof./

omh:aO qof;ckefcGmefvlofOSif (Ko LoSen) (809-816) OSif;umrf,egef:az:uGj,e[:ymeftmrf:ewf; qof;OGmefvlofOSif(ShowenLo Sen) tefyAefvmef.qof; ckefuof;vlifzj.eef.ref:qof;bif:avj, pkefpmif;ykwf.xqof;Omrfwlef teferf.euf:ref:rD: 3000 tgif,q? (85.05-uD,vlof,)eef. ej,xeyf.brfoh.ehbof./ pkefpmif;ykwf.qof;qdlof:eef. ref:qof;tofrdlof:wmef:oh. wD;owf.rkefqof; tefrD:e[:rdlif: wjvD;eef.ehbof./ vdlofaOeef.e[:ykdef:eef. bif:wSrf;rhmoh.oj; ckefapjcrf:rdlif:vmef.qof;wif:rlwf: wj,Odyf:OD,Odkyf,qdlof:eef. urf;erferf cofqof;yAef ckefapj

crf:qmof:ykwf. tefeyf.brfqmof:ykwf. ax,Iomwf;vmhvmhehbof/ qof;olif.apjcrf:vlifqdlof:eh. urf;erferf omh:aOtj,bkcofqof; xof;au,rj:aO vdkof;oh. tefMif.oj; ckefuof;vlif'j.eh. Mif.qgrf:e[:yyf. ]ydkef:vduf;wh: sv; ydkef:wh:vmef.qof;} tefbkowD, uBdef:azj:sr, wSrf;?ej;-6 Kanai Lai Hazra, History of TheravadlBuddism in South- East Asia, p.67. Naw KhamLa, An Analytical Study of Tai Buddhism, p.63. ej;umef ygifomef;ygifrdlif:bof.eef. coftgefuef cof;ohzj;vdlifOmif,umef: cof;e[:Oj,Oej,pAwf:rkefqof;rkefqmif:uGj, urf;erferfehbof./

ayj:Orf.rj:wlnf:tofxSif; e[:ydkef:eh.auj; vgif;oj; rdlif:vmef.qof;eh. cofbmrf;eyf.brf Oj,Oej,tefv[eheef.wdkef:wSuf,vSif:vDoh.sw.sw./ e[:eef. oj;oh.oj; ]ckefapjcrf:rdlif:vmef.qof;wif:rlwf: wj,Odyf:OD,Odkyf,qdlof:eef. urf;erferf cofqofyAef ckefapjcrf:qmof:ykwf. tefeyf.brfqmof:ykwf.ax,Iomwf;vmhvmhehbof.} tefoj;eef.bof./ayj:oj;ckefapjcrf: eyf.brfqmof:ykwf.auj;cj;omef;ulef:rdlif:auj; pkuj;awyAef zl;eyf.brfOj,Oej, ax,Iomwf;eh.ulnf:eif,uof,/'dif;avj:u ulef:Ndef:ulef:ab:cofeh.auj;e[:Ndef:edkif;vifeh. ayj;sr; yAefydlifvlifref:/ayj:ayj;sr; tgefeyf.brf qmof:ykwf.auj;vkuf;vmif:uj;vh;yAef qmof:ykwf.eef.bof./vdlif;eh.sw.Nofymuf,ref: wdkef:rD:ySwf,Odyf:/owf.oj;edkif;vifauj; awj;eefeif,uof,ayj:rkefqof;vlifref: yAefOkxrf,rj,auj;vkuf;Odwf;(way:) ref: uj;awvh; yAefOkxrf,rj,bl,bof./


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e[:ykdef:vmef.qof; xSif;tefedkif;eef.auj; oj;oh. yD;egif.wh: tefbl,Oof: e[:vmef.qof;? e[:aq;wgef;bl,emef,sv; yD;egif.cdlof:yBD,(e[:ydkef:-zIlrf:) cofwdkef:rD: vgif;uyf:Odkyf,uef vgif;qmof:udlof:brf/ omh:aOymefyumef,rj:ymefckefapjcrf: tvgif:qD,wl,(1112-1167) eef. yD;egif.wh:rd lif:vmef.qof;qif,sw udlof:brfrj: qmof:ykwf.a,xIomwf;ehbof./ The Tai and The Tai Kingdoms, pp. 79-80. Naw Kham La, An Analytical study of TaiBuddhism, p.67.

Kheminda (u),History of Mongmit, p.132.ayj:wlnf:tof ydkef:tefeh.oj;auj; bgef.

rdlif:yBdof, tefMif.oj; yBD,bmrf:vAofeh. wkdef:yAefqmof:ykwf. tefeyf.brf ax,Iomwf;sv;yD;egif.wh:vmef.qof; tefrj:uyf:Odkyf, rdlif:yBdof,eh.auj; ref:wdkef:awyAeftef tefudlof:brfqmof:ykwf. ax,Iomwf;trf,pmif.bl,/

vdlofaOeef. ugBef,tSwf.qf OwIgif:(Jhon. S Strong) auj;oj; yD;egif.wh:tefbl,e[:rdlif:vmef.qof;eef. yduf.Orf.coftofqgrf:vguf:vmh:rpj,bj,eehaOw ydlifvlifref:sw.coftofqgrf: vguf:vmh:wmif:pAwf:wmif:Omif;ckefapjcrf:taOj:u (ckefapjcrf:qmof:ykwf.ax,Iomwf;) tefcofeyf.brf tefbmrf;rj:Mwf; rdlif:vmef.qof;eef.ulnf:ehbof./ ckefapjcrf:eh.rdlof;tgefwmif: wif:vkuf;qmh:ref:qof; 7 auj. tduf,vlnf;qof;tIpef,cofwif:erfaO bmrf;odefrj: edlofumifpmof rj:xdkifrdlif:vmef.qof; tefbmrf:vAofMif.oj; rdlif:wj;vDeh.bof./

ayj:wlnf:xSif; vuf:xmefydkef: tefeh.oj;xSif;auj; yD;egif.wh: ymefvmef.qof;eef.e[:Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;sv; Oj,Oej, rpj,bj,eOgiftefeef. cofoh.tefv[yAefb[,aOeyf.brf tefoj;eef. wSuf,vSif:sw.sw.bl,/vdlofeef. ayj:tofe[:ydkef:eh.oj; ckefapjcrf:taOj:u ( 3 yD,qD,) sv; vkuf;qmh:ref:qof;bif:rj:Mwf;xdkif rdlif:wjvDugef,/ vdlofeef.Orf.vh;pefoj; qof;tIpef,cofqof;auj;rj:qgrf:eheef.bl,/

ayj:tofqgrf:e[:yd kefvmof: tefedkif;eef.oj;auj; yAefvh;trf,yAefvh;sw. oh.aOugef,? e[:ydkef:eef.oj; ckefapjcrf:taOj:ueh. bif:rj:xdkifwj;vDaO rj:ulyf.ul;uefwif:vkuf;bdif: Jhon. S Strong, the legend and cultof Upagupta: Sanskrit Buddhism in North In-dia and Southeast Asia,p. 175 ckefapjcrf:rdlif:wj;vDugef,? omh:aOar:ref:qof; vAif.vkuf;Omrfauj.bof. qif,yguf;rdlof:cdkef: rdlif:tdef:wD:bj: ehauj; vh;pef/

vdkef:Okwf: qgrf:eif,vh;vAyf;pAef:rj:ydkef:Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;sv; yD;egif.wh:rdlof;qof. e[:rdlif:vmef.qof;cofeh. wdkef:yAefulef:eyf.brfrj: Oj,Oej,ax,Iomwf;ulnf:eheef.trf,rD:vgif;xmif,xdlrfOif?? tefsw,eyf.brf ax,Iomwf;rj:eh.ayj:tofqgrf:Odlof,tvSuf.qef:wj: cefedif,urf, tj,If-qD,ruBrf:wj: aw:odwf.eef.oj; vh;pef sw,eyf.brfrj: qArfrd lof; 1 at,WD, ykef.ehbl,/sw,tofrdlof;eef.rj: awj,xdkifrj:e[: 21at,WD, bmrf:vAofeh.auj; yD;egif.wh:pof:

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Nofymh,95| wdkuf.yAef:eyf.brf qmof:ykwf.ax,Iomwf;wif:rlwf;bl,/ qldof:eh.yAefvuf:xmefvgif;oj;yD;egif.wh: rdlof;ymefvmef.qof;eef.e[:Oj,Oej,Ogifqkrf:cofoh. tefv[yAefb[,aO eyf.brfeheef.bl,/

ulnf:uj; yD;egif.wh: rdlof;qof. tefbl,Oof:qgrf:xkif. tyIef,wu (bmrf:vAof rdlif:rmef;ygwf:edlof) rdlefeif,wj;ugif? uAif:pkif;sv; wmh;pdrf:Mrf: rdlif:yBD,qdlof:eef.sw. ayj:tofqgrf:e[:ydkef:rdlof;qof.oj; vh;pefcof eyf.brfyj:vmh:Oj,Oej, rpj,bj,ebl, eheef.auj;trf,qmif;xAifeif,uof,/ eh.sw. qgrf:tofOmhimhwD:v[wD:eef;oj; ref:trf,rdlefuef/ P;wh:arjpuf.ydkef: P;ydkef: cdkef:udkuf:wh:uGj, awj,vluf;ayj:Okwf:OAif;eef.aOJ

zdkeftdif 1- Jhon S - Strong, the Legendand cult of Upagupta: Sanskrit Buddhism inNorth India and Sourtheast Asia, MotilalBanarsidass Publ, 1994.

Viravoom, Mahasila, The power of Lao,p-25

2 Viaravoom, Mahasila, The power ofLao,3 Dr. Lila Gogoi, The Tai khamti on theNorth-East. New Delhi, Omsons Publication,1970.

4 Naw Kham La, analytical Study of TaiBuddhism, Buddhist Cultural Centre,Nehiwala, Sri Lanka, 2008.

5 Kheminda (U), History of Mongmit,Patesarit publiation, taungyi, 1948

6 Kanai Lal Hazra, History of Theravadaand Buddhism in South-east Asia,Munnshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.New Delhi, 2008.

7 www.itourschina. com. panorama

southem- Buddhism htm 8. Chao Pu-chu, Buddhism in China, The

Buddhist Association of China, Peking 1960.9. Sir Alexander Cunningham, R C.

Majumdar, David. P. Darrows, Encyclo paediaof Asian History, Genesis Publishing PvT Ltd,2008.

10. Roger Bischoff, " Buddhism inMyanmar", A short History, Kandy, Sri Lanka,1995.

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aOj:wOkefn- NOgifcgefauj; rof,vh;wkif:wgif: uGmrf:OSifxrf:apj: Oazj:Twj:vgif;euf:rof,Ouf:zof, qif,oj;aOj:wodnj,e vkuf;vdyf;Nyof,Nzmif:/

cj,eOkefn-cl;vifyof,bkwf; yAofymuf,uGmif;N:rlef:? ulnf:pkelrftofthmOSof ydluf,eifulef:zhm,eguf;? thmMrfTwj: rof,rj:zSofql: cl:eifxiftgif: rSef;rdef:uRif:Ouf:zof,? qif,oj;vh;qkdof; cj,eOkefnvkuf;vdyf;ylnfyof, elrfqlof;ymefr[:ulnf:bof./

qdoj,Okefn-Olyf:uof, yof,vdyf;oh.rof,vh;vgwf;tmef,Twj:? rof,vh;cmefOAif Ol:bgef: zgef:vD zDidef: rlyf,rl:qj:w[;qmuf;?Olyf:cAeftgefodkef: tgefyAeftgefuGif rof,qmif;rD:rj: vgwf;Twj:rj;bgif,? Olyf:wl,Olyf:eof;tgefcof;edIdbygif,ugifzh:/

uj,bOkefn-pmif;yof,vdyf;wlofb[,yAefulef:? rof,vh;tofwloftofcdif: rdlof:xdkifTzj:Twj: vl,ylifOlef:eif,ydlef;/

reOkef,n-rdlof;v[auj; rof,rD,clof,vlof,rkdwf; Omrfbdlif;Iwej,qyf:qhg:? vh;oj;raej:odnj,e q[vdyf;q[yof, Okrf:qmwf;Okrf:ymef/

wmif:zdwf:vof;wmif:zdwf:vof;wmif:zdwf:vof;wmif:zdwf:vof;wmif:zdwf:vof;ekdif;uguf:ckdef;qgrf:wjOgifuguf:wlofcdif:euf:ejOmrfuguf:yAefOD,cjOD,uguf:erf.ref:yBjpj;uguf:eh.rdlefrj J/

qof;TOj,eef,wOj,rd(uRif:Mif,-egifrlof)qof;TOj,eef,wOj,rd(uRif:Mif,-egifrlof)qof;TOj,eef,wOj,rd(uRif:Mif,-egifrlof)qof;TOj,eef,wOj,rd(uRif:Mif,-egifrlof)qof;TOj,eef,wOj,rd(uRif:Mif,-egifrlof)oAi f:rd li f:bhoAi f:rd li f:bhoAi f:rd li f:bhoAi f:rd li f:bhoAi f:rd li f:bh

pefbdlof,trf,pefrAwf:tofyjpAwf:erf.zdwf./

yjbl,erf.qlrf:bldof,ulef:vSeftdkefudefrAwf:aij:

Mh;wmhzSeftgif,tgwf;/

qof;TOj,eef,wOj,rd(uRif:Mif,)rdlif:bh

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zmif.abj:uj,rmuf,wjqAyf:zmif.abj:uj,rmuf,wjqAyf:zmif.abj:uj,rmuf,wjqAyf:zmif.abj:uj,rmuf,wjqAyf:zmif.abj:uj,rmuf,wjqAyf:bj,OD,tkwk cmof:bmrf:tefvSuf;vhm; cof;e[:cmof:rh;? cmof:uwf:? ref:qmif;yAefabj:uj,

rmuf,wjqAyf: ref:qmif;arjvSuf;vhm; yAefrj:qgrf:cmof:bmrf:eh. pSif:rj:vldofuof,? qmif;arj;qyf:uef? wjqAyf:? wjclrf:? wjvSif cD;wjtguf,aw,uj, e[:wlofpof:aeyefrlwf:bof./arjbjwif:erf tefN.arjvSef, vgif;bj;bjwjqAyf:cof awqhg;bjyefvh;bl,/

bj;bjtefpSrfrlif;rSif: bj;bjtefuyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;bjwjqAyf: wmif:erfeef.q[.wkdof:vh;bl,? ayj:yAefabj:uj,pmof;pSif: wjqAyf:euf:ejej,qdkif P;uj,aearjbjcof?arjbj,cof awqhg;wlnf:yef aeyefOAef;wmif: vmwf;seyefbj;bjvh;/ ayj:vmwf;seqldif.eh wjqAyf:eef.auj; wj,awqyf:uefwkdef:trf,rD:? tefpof:vlof,zmif.eh.ayj:oj;uj,bdyf:qyf:aOrAof:" rj:zwf.nj:(wldof.)O[,? qmif;arjyAefwjqAyf:uGj,sv;? ayj:oj;q[.zSef,qAwf.ej;auj; P;yAef tefekdif;pif:ulnf:ref:acjacj? ugyf;eefsv; pof:uGj,wmif:v[auj; P;wkdof:yefrmef,wj ulofrlif;rSif:cof;wj? rmef,wjeh. ref:qgh;ap.uif;yefvh;abj:uj,wmif:yAefwjqAyf:bl,cj;/

]]ydef,tofe[:yyf.rmef;rj:cj;? cj;olef.oj;awyAef zgef:vDwj,wh:bl,sv; qif,cwf:q[wSrf;rj:cj;}}

Zduf.cl.OD,pj:ej,w(vb) ukefpSif


254

Nrf;Mrf:qgrf: vlrf:vSif.vlifaO zlefNofyDauj; wluf:vlif:rj:bof.? rldif:pof: tefvh;pSif;Mif oof:rgif bgef.OhmvSwf,zwf.eh.auj;ckdef:ymif,O[ qkdrf.brf:rj:qgrf: rAwf.zleftgef,aO yAeftefpmif;vDrj:aw.bof./ qgrf:eif,oj; pof:yAefulef: puf.yj,xldef,zldofcldof: ayj:vh;idef:OAif zj.vifarj:rj:ehauj; tgefuefqlrf:Oldof: pmif;pSef:oh. qldof.zef:rmuf,rh. wj,awzkuf,eef.bof./

vkuf;urf,zj,vlif tefpof:ykdif;tdifbl,Oof:oh.eldofref: oef:rldof;eh. Ohmvlrf:xmwf;uj,ykef, pmof;pSif:rj:wduf:wduf:bof.? e[:Ohmerf.tefqkyf,oh. xmwf;uj,ykef,eef.auj; xmwf;tSwf.Odwf. qldrf;cof;rj:erfej,bof.? wlofOwf:cof qldof:bl,e[:erf. vh;awj,Ol;az:cAef yAeftefvkOkrf: OhmOkdyf, qldof.cldof:cof vh;whmphm ohm:ogwf,ugj,vgh:vgh:bof./ tlof,qlif:vgj,urf,zj,vlifeh. ygif,rj: Nof;rj:wduf:wduf:bof.?OhmvSwf,pmof;ehauj; rh;pSif:rj: wldof:vldoful;yDyDaO pmrf:rD:tefap.pmrf;oh.bof.? zdif;z Ij,OD,tkwkauj; vSuf;vhm;rj:qgrf: bl,ul;cmof:? trf,rmef,trf,rSef;bof.? yldifNdef:Oof: urf,zj,vlifauj; blyf;bgrf: vkvSofvlif:rj:bl,wduf:wduf:bof./

tefvh;yAefrj: vgif;vSuf;vhm; ydef;zlefvlif qldif.eif,eheh. iof;pmuf;yldifvlifref:aw. yAefrj:bgef. xmwf;uj,ykef, pSif:ckdef;rj: oj;ehaO tgefuef wmif,wmif:zdwf:rldif:tefzhm,yhm:qmuf; pSif:b[,cofeef.bl,bof.?qdqrf;ql: vgif;bvkyj,rh.vSofymif: qldof:eh.bl,bof./ q[;bl,? ref:ulnf:pj.trf,uj: yj:wif:xmwf;yabj:u teftofwjwlnf: trf,pefvh;eef. xSif;vl:ugef,ehbof.? vgif;vyf.tefeh.rkefqof;vj:rj: tefqkdof;Mif.oj; ]]avj:yOrf.vrf,y}}eef. vh;xkwf;wSrf;oh.oj; ehbof./

e[:yyf. tefref:wSrf; qkdof;Mif.oj;rmuf,wjvkuf;xlef;Omrf tefoj;eef. wSrf;oh.eif,ehbof.? e[:wlofvlifulef:pof:eh. rD:xmwf;thmuGmef: tefqmif;pkyf,rh;? xmwf;pkyf,rh;tefeh. vkuf.tofe[:wlofulef:aO wkdif;tguf,wmif:zhm,eguf;oh.bl,wj,aO,ehbof.? e[:wlofulef:tefq[avj:z awj:O pSif:eef. tefyAefthmuGef: ODvSifqkif:pkif:eef. wkdif;tguf,bl,ul;cmof:? rldefeif,Ohmiof:zh: vkuf.pkef;pkef;qldif.eefehbof.? uj;wD;ykuf.ulof,qldof:tef avj:zawj:O at,aO cwf:q[ayBj,rlef;qgrf: xrf:Twj:eef.aw. thmuGef: teftguf,rj: e[:wlofcofeef. Orf.yAefODcmof rldefvldefvmof umifpmof

qof;rD:ukif,rkeferfqof;cl:uef,xrj, uRif:cl dof:wh: vj;OAof;qof;cl:uef,xrj, uRif:cl dof:wh: vj;OAof;qof;cl:uef,xrj, uRif:cl dof:wh: vj;OAof;qof;cl:uef,xrj, uRif:cl dof:wh: vj;OAof;qof;cl:uef,xrj, uRif:cl dof:wh: vj;OAof;

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oj;ehbof./ qmrf:olef.wlnf: e[:avj:uvlifeh.thmuGef: tefrD:ODvSif xmwf;rh;sv; tefrD:ODcmof xmwf;uwf: tefv[awerfvldoftefv[eh/

rl defuefeif,eef tefulef:pof:wkdif;vlrf:tguf,bl,ul;cmof: xmwf;thmuj,ykef,eh.auj; awvh;Ogef,yj:ref:xSif;ugef,? rldof;vAofe[:urf,zj,vlifeh. Nofulef:Orf.ayj:rD:ugj, yAefvmef.ygif:ref:(7000)vldofbof.? wif:tefxmwf;uj,ykef; avj:z awj:O ulef:wif:erfwkdif;tguf,rj:bl,ul;cmof:sv; xmwf;uj,ykef, urf,zj,oef:rldof;eh. rj:Nrf;avj:uefugj,ehsv;qif,yAefrj: qldif.eif,oj; yhmOvldofzh:rh; vlrf:Orf.xgif:qgrf:ehsv; yduf.Orf.oj; tgefuefacbl,auj; ref:rldefeif, ]yef;urf.qhg; uhg;uldif:}eheef.ulnf:bof./ wlnf:qgrf:vgif;eh.aOtefurf,zj,vlif rh;rj: tefoj;eef. ugyf;Oifehauj; xkuf,vDygif,q[bof./ uGmrf:ulef:xof;ul;yguf;cofoj; ugyf;ulef: trf,bl,qgrf:Twj:sv;zj.zlef trf,rmef,tefoj;eef. xkuf,rSef;aw.aw.bof./

e[:rl dif:rmef;eh. bgef.yl dof; yj,rh.xldef,cldof: vkphmehsv; qgrf:pdrf:Mrf: zif,erf.vlif at,bj,owD,eh. erf.qArf:qkdrf:qldrf;cof;rj:aO bvkySwf; vkuf:erf.omefqldof:eef.bl,bof.? bgef.yldof; Ij,OD,tkwk trf,rmef,rSef;ehsv; e[:wldif:sv; aq;rldif:rmifwD;eh.umefzkuf,Ogrf; Olefph;ej: vkOkrf:oh.bl,bof.?az:cAefOzj,o tefqmif;yAefrj:qldof:eh.ap.pmrf;trf,vh; oj;ehaOw wj,awxdif:oh.P;ayj:bgrf:vlif:eef.aw. vh;bl,/ tgefuef

ap.uif; awvh;bl,? ulef:pof: rD:ykef;zgef:wj,ap.uif;ul;auj./ ayj:rD:wmif:yAefauj;rD:bj;bjref: vhm:ap.uif;ref:bl,? eh.aw.yAefvgif; vlof,tgefuef zkuf,Ogrf;wlef;rh.eh.bof.? ayj:ulef:pof:ekdif;auj.eh. zkuf,vh;rh.ekdif;wlef; ul;yDehaw. uBej,bof.? rh.tefoj;eh.tefr[,auj; vlof,vh;zkuf,qgrf:ul;yDaO tefzkuf,oh.eef.auj; xkuf,vDvkrf:vj: y[.yj:ugj,bl,wj,aO,bof./ zkuf,tefoj;eh. trf,q[;sv;zkuf,tofqgrf:Ij,OD,ref: zkuf,bof.auj; oh.bof.qldif.eeftrf,q[;? vlof,vh;cwf:q[ cof;q[O[,q[zkuf, P;yAefaw.aw.oj;oj;? trf,zkuf,trf,vh;? zkuf,P;rD:zgef:vD wj,vh;ykdif;Nrf;sv; vh;q[.wkdof: wj,rldof:ej;eef.bof./

eif,pkdofawpkygif, vgif;uj;cefwlef;rh.eh.auj; vlof,vh;Oyf:vSif:ae qArfvkuf;tgefulef:vlif P;arjOlifzkuf,rh.ul;auj.bof./ rldif:pof:eh. ayj:xkdifvldefNuf:rj:auj; zlefwluf:vlif:aO vh;pefvh;idef:OAifzlef tefrD:rif,uvj,wj,ulef:pof:aw.bof.? rmifwD;eh. tgefuefcwf:q[ zkuf,Ogrf,rh. pmif;cldif;yef P;rldif:pmif;vDuwf:bAef vgwf;cAef az:Ozj,obl,bof.sv;rD:wmif:qlrf:Oldof:qgrf:aw.bof.? vh;pkidef:oj;rmifwD;eh. zgwf,oh. qkrf:xdif:Ozj,oaO tgefuefvkrf:vj: y[.yj:yj,rh. zkuf,auj;zkuf,oh.xSif;qgrf:ehsv; pAwf:P;omef;rldif:pof: vdyf:cAofvDrD:ODOgrf,rj: cSrf.wldof:rj:aOul;yguf;bl,bof./

vldefuBKef, oef:xd(5)eh. yldef;ruf:ref; yAef]]oef:xdif:Odrf: pdrf:Mrf:urf,zj,}}?aO ayj:xkdifoef:uBL,vhm, xlef;xkdifolif;Ogifoef:wdwf.eef. yldef;ruf:ref;yAef ]]oef:Nif:


256

pAef:sv; pdrf:Mrf:vdyf:cAofvD}}ehaO tgefuefzkuf,rh. rlef;rlef;Oldof:Oldof: ul;auj.bof.? vkuf;pAef:cofehauj; Nrf;yj:wif:arjOgef tgefuefzkuf,rh. pmif;cldif;pdrf:Mrf:Nif:pAef: P;ayj:pmif;vDbl,bof./

auj.puf.Olifzkuf,rh.eh. yAefauj.tefpuf.ckdef:wlofuof,sv; puf.omef;rldif: wlofuof,bof.? vgif;tefxdif:Odrf: yj,xldef,cdlof:eh.rldefuef wif:y[.yj: xdif:Odrf:wlofuof,sv;omef;rldif:pof:bof.? vgif;wlnf:xkdif vkrf:vj:Nwf:erf. P;ayj:vdyf:cAof trf,whmtrf,phmeef.rldefuef wif:Okdyf,Ohmtj,bk tOmuf;pof: P;bkdef:bmof:ugj,ej;ehauj; trf,zdwf:bof.? yj,xldef,cldof: wlef;rh.tefoj;eh. yAefNrf; tefxdif:ap.yef Ohmumifoef:pmof;pSif;eef.bof.?rh.eh. ap.uif;yef xmwf;uj,ykef; pSif:tefqmif;yefwmif:cmefq[ ulef:pof:sv; vkuf;urf,zj,eef.bof.? rh.eh. pAwf:tguf, xkuf;tguf,rj:yef xmwf;tguf,OD,uBdef, tefulef:pof:Okwf,tofbl,ul;oef:eh.bof.? rh.eh. xdif:Odrf:yef rgef:vdefvDbl,wj,aO,bof.? rh.eh. pAwf:rldefeif, yAefvkuf: yAefpmif:aO qkyf,oh.yeferf.omef tefulef:pof: vlof,q[.bl,ul;oef:eh.bof.? uldwf,tguf,rj:yef tefyAefrmuf,rh.wj,ulef:pof:Oh. udef? vldofaOeh. tefyAefbgwf;r[ sv; rguf,ekrf,tgef, tefulef:pof:tofuyf:cof; uyf:erf.zdwf. pAwf:zuf:omefudefauj; yAefrh.eh.bof.? urf:vk def:Okwf:rj:tofeldof.eifcof cmrf,yAefzkdef:zh:aO vAif.vlulef:pof:rj:auj; yAefrh.bof.? rh.puf.pof:wmef,eh. pAwf:pkdofsv; ulef:pof:Orf. trf,arjpuf.cof

trf,wlnf:xkdifcofvj, wvDtmrf:vj;? ulef:Julef: tefoj;eh. vkdrf:ukif,uBaej? wlnf:vlNdef: tefpof:bl,Oof:oh. e[:ref:bl,eh.auj;trf,q[; tofrh.aO pAwf:oh.ulnf:pkdof wmif:vlof,ulef: zDtrf,qgrf:vh;ehoj;? q[;aw.bof. ayj:cofvlof,aw. ygrf;zef:tofwduf:wduf: trf,uj:yhmwSyf:ySwf;bySwf; tofchmudef tofzh:qkwf,yj,P;yj,rh.whmOlif:ugj,qldof:eh. rlduf;oj;rlduf;aej/

yj,xldef,cldof:wlef;rh.cofaw. rD:q[vDej,? trf,wgef.byldef;vkaOzof,? cofwkdef:rD:erf.q[ y[.qgh;xSrfyef wmif:vlof,ulef:bl,wj,aO, qArfwj,udef wj,pAwf:auj,Omif;? wmif:udeftefqkdef;O[? erf.OSef;O[uwf:bAefvDqArfzkdef:qArfzh: urf.xSrfyef wmif:vlof,ulef:pof: eif,uj;c[;vh;c[;yAefehsv; rh.cofeh. yAefqof; rD:ukif,au:ql:vlif wD;ulef:pof:aw.bof.?ayj:tofqgrf: zl;clef.cGj.sc,cofoj;ehqkdiftefyAefayj;xof; sr;xof; tj,bkbmof: vh;bl,(100)yDvldofeef. iof;cmrf,ref: bgef.yldof;cofvh;ykdif;Nrf;rh.sv; yAefrj:oj;ehbof./

bl,Nrf;bof. pmuf:zldof,tefoj;eh. yAeferf.q[phm.vlif wSrf,nmrf. teftrf,rldefulef:eef.bof.? urf;zgif;eh. bvkySwf;rh. yj:pmuf,wif:Nof trf,ukdwf:trf,uBmef,Oifbof./ wlef;rh.wlef;wguf,tefoj;eh. wj,ulef:pof:awwif;Oof: tj,bkbmof:eef. trf,rD:trf,yAefsv;yAefqof; rD:ukif,auB:ql:erf wj,ulef:pof:aw.bof.? P;zl;qldof:tef ygrf;zef:bvkvSof yj,xldef,cldof:rh.cof vh;tofyAefwmif:pkOkw ygif,q[vgif;eh.aO tgefuefukdwf:bkdwf:uef aOurf:eh/

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uj;cefwlef;rh.uj;cefwlef;rh.uj;cefwlef;rh.uj;cefwlef;rh.uj;cefwlef;rh.yj,xldef,cdlof:wlef;rh.eh. qmif;pAwf:P;

Ozj,opdrf:Mrf:pof: pmif;vDuwf:bAefaOtrf,uj: qmif;pAwf:P; wlef;q[ulef:pof: rlef;Oldof:auBj,rj:v[bof.? wlef;rh.wif:vlifeh. pAwf:zgef:vDyef ulef:pof:aOtrf,uj: pAwf:yefyj:zgef:vD eluf. eh, uh, qgef;ul;qldof:qldof:cofbof.? wj,ulef:pof:vh;udef rmuf,rh. pAwf:clof:cgifq[.wkdof: vh;bl,w[;Nrf;? tofpAwf:bj;bj qldof:eh.aO yefwj,yhm:bl,vDul;vgif;bof.? ykef;wj,eluf.cofehauj; vh;udefrmuf, vh;ykdif;tdif bl,Nrf;zlnf:cofehsv; wlef;rh.cofeh. rldefwif:y[.yj:yef eluf. eh, uh, qgef; cgef;wkrfrlef;Oldof:q[bl,bof./

eif,pkdof ulef:pof:wif:OAif; sv; eluf.wif:vhmcof Orf.ayj:awqkuf:ref; wif;Oof:tOmuf;bmof:ugj,ej;eef. vh;ykdif;tdiftofclof:cgif Ozj,o pdrf:Mrf: erf. vdef pdefzjyj,xldef, wlef;rh.qldof:eh.aO xkwf;tofq[.wkdof: wj,umefrmuf;rD: udefbSrf. ekif;rhqldof:eh.bl,bof.? qgrf:eif, Nofulef:auj; erfwldof:ckdef;

rj:eef.aO vgif;tofq[.wkdof:auj; erfehsv;eif,pkdof xldef,cldof: wlef;rh. awtrf,bgrf:vlif:ugj,eef. vDtgefuefzkuf,qgrf:ugj,ul;yDbof./

ulef:omef;eguf;pof:eh. ekdif;ej;Ndef:awvh;zkuf,rh.Ouf: Omrfwlef;? tofqArf rh.wkdif:rh.yof: rh.blrf: rh.auj, sw,ugj,qldof:eh. vlof,vh;tgefuefzkuf,oh. ul;wD;bof.? tefpof:zkuf,rh.qldif.eheh. ayj:rldof:ej;rj: awvh;tofq[.wkdof:wj,pAwf:ySef; pAwf:zkdef: trf,uj: yj:wif:vh;tdifykdif;Nrf;ref:aO ayj:rh.erfauj; zzlefrmef,rSef;aO rD:zgef:vDaw.bof./

wlef;rh.eh. uj;cefref:b[,ej,? ulef:pof:ul;auj.auj; xkuf,vDvh; oh.uj;cef wlef;rh.aw.aw.aO bj,aybySwf;? wj,wlef;rh.awb[,rj:tefoj;eh. vh;tofcmof:bmrf:pkdifaOrldof;v[sv; cofb[,rj:bof.eef. pof:vh;ykdif;rguf, rmuf, r[ ref: Nrf;ref:qldof:eh.bof./ ulef:pof: P;arjpkvgif;oj; rh.pAwf:yefzgef:vDpof:aO tgefuefy[.yj: xdif:Odrf: yj,xldef,cldof:wlef;rh.ugj, b[,b[,erferfaOurf:eh vh;wmif,xkdifeif,ehbof./

erf.uwf.wmif:brfOIeukif,(5)yj:erf.uwf.wmif:brfOIeukif,(5)yj:erf.uwf.wmif:brfOIeukif,(5)yj:erf.uwf.wmif:brfOIeukif,(5)yj:erf.uwf.wmif:brfOIeukif,(5)yj:1. zb =sy,ymuf;yefaz:ul;ydlif"/2. OefwjO =sy,ymuf;yefvgif;vldwf,rh;wlofq[/3. wkufc =sy,ymuf;yef vgif;wkuf.bmuf;pdkof.rhg;wlofq[/4. wkufuwd =Myf,Mif;?uSwf,uif;yef eif,pdkofawtrf,wluf:Mwf;wD;tsy,/5. yIdudavOj =sy,ymuf;yef vgif;Oof;uof,oof:rgifch:udav,/

(rlvyefejO?tWfXuxj)Omif,awj,(rdlif:ukwf;)


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ulef:ykxkqef,tefoj;eh. yAefrAof:OlifuBLduf; tj,Ikif,bof.? e[:uj;tj,Ikif, ]]pmif; OAifthm tIOj, sv; vgif;xlyf:wldof.}}qldof:eh. trf,tefekdif;auj;tefekdif; wkdef:oj; vh;xlyf:awj,nj:bl,ul;bmrf:bof.? e[:eh. tefulef:pof: vh;pef pmrf.erfvldofeef. yAefpmif; sv;OAif;bof.? ugyf;Oifsv;oj;eef ayj:ehqkdifbgef.yldof;oj; ayj:vkuf.tguf,zj; rkdef:wjrj:auj;vh;pefpmif;aO awoj;zhm,N:Nehauj; Orf.ayj:ykdwf,oh.bl,wj,aO,bof. wj,awpyf.xgrf,tofOAifeef./

tj,Ikif,wjeh. yAefpmif;sv; wjauj;Olifwlnf:pmif;? tj,Ikif,NOrf. yAefOAifehsv;Nauj; c[;xgrf,OAif eh.yAefOzj,oref:bof./wj sv; pmif;? N sv; OAifeh. yAefcldif;ukduf:uefaO wj,awwwf:cef; pmrf;OD:ref:oh.oj; bj,wlnf:ehauj;trf,ihm;? Nauj;bj,xgrf,wgif:OAif; ehauj;trf,vh;ehsv; vlof,arjwlnf:aO arjxgrf,tof P;rD:zgef:vDeef.ulnf:bof.? uAof,vlnf; vgif;wlnf: sv; vgif;xgrf,eh.aO xkif:uGmrf:wh:pof:rD:oh.oj; ]]rD:wjP;arjvl rD:N P;arjxgrf,}} ehbof./ vldofaOeh.

Orf.rD:xSif; acj;tefoj; ]]yldef;vmwf;P;arjxgrf, yldef;xgrf,P;arjvmwf; yAefolwf;omwf;umefulef:}} ]]wlnf: bj,wlnf:ykdef.wlnf:ySwf;}}ehbof./

rD:wj P;arjvltefoj;eef. P;arjwlnf: tefyldef;pAwf:Omif; wlif.ekdif ckdifumefvgif;tefvmuf,wgef:eef.aO zkduf:bldif;qgrf:tofrj:yAefzgef:vDwj,pof:? Ogefvduf;arjbof.vlof,vlvduf; wlnf:vhm:aO tofrj:q[.wkdof:wj,qlof;ymefpof:/ P;uh.vlvduf; wlnf:vduf;erferfaO zkduf:bl,Oof:uBmif.urfqgrf: tofyAefuefOgef wj,qlof;ymefOof:pof:ugj, c[;oj;ehbof./

rD:Nehauj; vlof,arjxgrf, tefyldef;vmwf; wgif:rhmoh. acj;qkdof;q[;ref:aO tofrj:rlef.sr: O[,wlofpof: xgrf,qgrf:acj;uGmrf:Oif,Ogef tefzl;b[,ulef:vlifcofOif,vmwf;?xgrf,acj;ylifeuf:sv;uGmrf:omef tefyefpSif:q[ckdef; P;q[Oldof:qldof:eh. rD:zgef:vDb[,aw.bof./

wjulef:pof:eh. qgrf:eif,oj; ref:Olifwlnf:pmif;eef.aO ayj:yAefpmif;tefvmuf,

OAif sv; pmif;OAif sv; pmif;OAif sv; pmif;OAif sv; pmif;OAif sv; pmif;tefOmif;bgef;xkdifNofq[pof:W

Oqof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;) wmif,zkdefuk duf:yk def:oh.qof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;) wmif,zkdefuk duf:yk def:oh.qof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;) wmif,zkdefuk duf:yk def:oh.qof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;) wmif,zkdefuk duf:yk def:oh.qof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;) wmif,zkdefuk duf:yk def:oh.

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vhm: yh,bmrf;pefeef. wldof:c[;pefsv; Nehauj; tefyh,bmrf;vh;idef:eef. cSef:c[;idef:?idef:bof. c[;idef:xSif;aO pmif; sv; OAiftefpmif;vDsv; OAifomeftgef,eh. wkdwf.qeftofP;Nofq[ulef:pof: qyf:rSef;ref:sv;xSrfxSif;yefpSif:erf.q[ulef:pof: wkdif;ckdef;wlif.wkdef,Omef;rj: pmof;pSif: uSef,cSifrj:eh.yAefzdif;ref:bof./

ymefrldof;vAofeh. vh;pefyD;egif.wh:pof:tgefuefekif;clof:wh:rj: bgef.clof:wh:pmif;vD?tgefuefOlifxgrf,uGmrf:wh:rj: bgef.uGmrf:wh:rD:wD;ygif,vkduf. OAifuGmrf:omefacj;ckduf.? eldof.eifwh:cmofcgif,O[ vSyf;uefwif:clof: ODvSifvldifcgef,rD:pmif;rguf,r[ wkdef:pmif;vDej, ulef:urf,zj,tmrf:atj:? OAifuGmrf:tefbgif;abj: qldof.qmwf;rguf,vmwf;P;wh:pkwlof iguf;Nofvkuf.wkdef, zkdef.cdif: xdif:cldof:rldif: P;wh:pof:Ndof;Ndif: ? vduf;wh:tefqlrfphm ckdef:pefOhmvSif:O[ cof;Nofq[wh:ul;igef; cgef;uefOgefpAef:ckdef: wdkef:yAefvgif;vD wj,rldof:ej;aw.bof./

ayj:awvmwf; vgif;cldof:wh:pof: yAefcldof:b[,aO bl,qgwf, Orf.ayj:rD:ugj,ul;wD;ehqkdif so;oh.vgif;wh:xkif.yAif:trf,vh; wkdef:awvh;ch;ae vmwf;aevgif;eh.erferfbl,?bgef.yldof;oj; cofrD:e[:rldif:Nrf;wkrfeh.ehsv;awvh;oj; bl,rldif:vAofuef vlof,vh;Nrf;uefcof;tguf,uyf:Okdyf,uef Nrf;rkdof:uef vlof,vh;cgef;pSif:uefaO Okdyf,Omif;umefqldof.cl dof:vduf;vhm: zj,Oj, Oj,Oej, zdif;si;pof:ugj,eef.bof./ vgif;vDtmrf:wh:pof:eh. yduf.Orf.oj;vh;zmwf,bmefrldif:wh:aO ugj,bl,e[:su;yldef;

rD:bl,wD;v[ rldif:v[auj; cofwkdef:bkdefwlofcofoj;yAefwh:? pof:yAefwh: pof:trf,vkdrf:cldof:wh:ehaO vldwf;bmifcof wkdef:vSifoh.bl,omef:omef: rldefeif,zh:eef.bof.? urf;zgif;eh.bgef.yldof; vh;bl,qgrf:yldef; pkdifej,aO trf,arjvmwf;uGmrf:wh:bof.auj; erf.q[wh: vgif;oj;pof:yAefwh:bl, tefoj;eef.aw. trf,bgrf:oj;trf,bgrf:aO rldefeif,erf.wof;wrf:cSuf, wArfoh.bl,yduf:yduf:eef.bof./

ugyf;Oifsv;pAef:vduf; ayj:xmrfqldif.eh acj;wgyf,ref:sw. wkdef:tguf,rj:oj; ugyf;yldof;ulofildof;sv; awvh;oj;ehbof.? Oifyldef;xmrfrj:oj; qgif,Olarjvduf;wh:` trf,arjehsv;Oif?OlyAefqmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj, qgif,Olpkvgif;zdif;si; ykdef:ykwf.x` trf,pk ehsv;Oif eh.ygif,oj; yefacj;wgyf, vgif;oj;ildof;eheef.bof./rldof;ylef.rj:eef. wh:bmrf;ildof;aOw eh.ugj,ej;aw. wh:trf,ildof;bof.? bgef.yldof;oj; wh:arjvduf;erfrj: bgef.ymifOgefvduf; tefqkrf:Oif,cj, sv; aujvduf;vhm:zdif;si; arjOgefwh:pof:cof tofykef;zgef: tgefuef vlif:ylifOgefyef vduf;wh: ul;wD;wD; rD:rj:bl,ul;yDeef.bof./umefpAef:tefoj;eh. bj,ayolef.oj; vlof,pAef:tofrldof;vAuf.ulnf:? auj.vAuf. auj.b[, trf,oj;xof;rj:bof.auj; bif:wkduf.vlof,pAef: pjwmif:pkugj,xSif;wduf:wduf:eef.bof./ e[:yyf.zdif;si;ykwf.xzj,Oj,pof: teftguf,rj:r[,eh. rD:oh.yj:acj;Oyf:vSif: atj:uj,O sw,ugj,qldof:eh.ehsv; vDvh;tgefuefvAyf;pAef: vlwlnf:ul;auj.bof./ ymefrldof;vAofeh. tefpof:vlof,pkvlof,arjeef. ref:rD:erfej,? bj,aycmef.pAef:vduf;


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pjvhm:arjygif cgifumef wj,rldof:ej;aOurf:? e[:ekdif;oef:eh. ayj:ulef:wh:pof: tefarjvduf;eef. tofcmof:bmrf: vlvduf;yef ekdif;oef:ab;qlof;rlif:ehaw. wj,wh:awtrf,ckdef;b[,eh.trf,rD:? wkdef:awckdwf: yldef;wif:urf,zj,bl,? pAef:arjvduf;bof. zkduf:vlvduf;erferfsv; yD;egif.wh:/

e[:eh. zl;wSrf;vduf; c[;wSrf;ae vgif;ymifOgefvduf;wh: xkif.vdefyAif: wD;tefyD;egif.wh:pof: bl,Omif;xifOof:oh.eef. tdwf:tgef,wgef;ekdif;/ e[:xkif.vdefyAif: sq;oAif:uRuf.wcj:? aq;oAif:zdof:? aq;oAif:wgif,tl,?aq;oAif:xmef:wydef,? oAif:uRuf.uBD: qldof:eh.yD;egif.wh:pof: bl,Omif;xifOof:oh. rD:wif:erfbl,bof./ wD;tefyD;egif.wh:pof: bl,Oof:oh.e[:xkif.vdefyAif: ul;aq;oAif:qd lof:eef.qof;Oif,cwh:pof: qldof:pAef:vduf;bl, qgrf:wlduf;vduf;cof tofykef;zgef:z[ref:aO vlif:Ogefyefvduf;ehsv; e[:yDwh: 2107 eD;eh. vh;pkoj;ymifOgefvduf; e[:aq;oAif:uRuf.wcj: rD: 5 ymif?aq;oAif:zdof: rD: 5 ymif? aq;oAif:xmef:wydef,2 ymif? aq;oAif:uRuf.uBD: 4 ymif? aq;oAif:wgiftl,?rD: 7 ymif vkuf;pAef: wif:OAif; rD: 1105 auj.oj;ehbof./

bmrf:rldof;vAofeh. bgef.yldof;Ohmihmref:vDrj:ehsv; wD;omef;tefbmrf;Ogefbof.eef.auj; vh;Okdyf,Ogef? qldof:yh,bmrf;vh;Ogefehauj; tgefuefygif,q[aO vkuf.wkdef,Omef;rj: ul;wD;wD;bof.? wD;omef;awj:uRh:tdef:(egifcrf:)oAif:uRuf.wcj:sv; omef;Oay,wmef:oAif:zdof:eh. yAefwD;yluf:wif;oh.iof;aujvduf;vhm:

aO ygh:yDr[,ehauj; pAwf:Omif;rj:bl,ul;yDbof.?zgif:ygh:yDr[,eef. rD:yj:ymifwgef;Ol: vkuf;pAef:cof ul;yDehsv; yDeh. tj,bkymifygh: Orf.ayj:rD:rj: 21 clyf,cgyf;bof. oj;ehbof.? auj.tefcwf:q[sv; tgif,ylef.ay.rj:aO wgef;Ol:yefeh. yAefwmif:urf.xSrf xSif;pSif:uefehsv;yAefvgif;vD rD:rif,uvj,aw.aw.bof./ clof:Ol:tgef, tefwgef;yef vkuf;pAeff:cofeef.yduf.Orf.oj; uj;cefref:trf,erfaOw? yAeftefuj;cefb[,aw.aw.? b[,wmef,pkdofvj,ayj:eh - b[,wmef,qlof;ymefqof;uof,ehauj;oj;vh;bof.? bgef.yldof;oj; qof;uof,vh;pyf.oh.Ol:rhmtgif,vduf;vhm: zdif;si;ykwf.x pAwf:wD;rhmwgif:uk duf:yk def:ugj,? tofr[tgif,eh. Mh;qyf:oh.wD;zjNdef:aO qof;uof,vh;pefrldof;v[auj; q[Oldof:rldof;eef.bof.? qldof:ayj;sr; yD;egif.wD;uhwD;qrf vh;rj:pefehauj; qlrf:Oldof:tofukif,tofrkefqgrf: trf,Okwf:trf,ohm:bof.? vh;pefpmif;qyf:oh. e[:cSyf:rhmtgif,eef.aO ul;auj. z[vh;rj:pefauj; rD:pSif:q[ckdef; qlrf:Oldof:qgrf: awj,qlof;vkuf;ymefvmef Okdyf,uefugj,rldof:ej;ehsv; rldefwif:qof;uof,wSrf;oh. ykdef:pmif;vDtgef,wgef;ekdif;ehauj; trf,zdwf:bof.? zmif.rhmtgif,tgef, tefpof:vh;Ogef arjvlwSrf;vduf;vhm:wh:rj:eh. bj,ayoh.rof/ tofzSefoh.wD;OkifOkif e[:Ndef:pof:eef.sv; vkuf;pAef:coftlnf./

e[:yDwh: 2107 eD;eh. vh;pefymifOgefvduf;wh: e[:aq;oAif:wgiftl,eh. wldof:wgef:vldofrj:xSif; erfaw.aw.bof.? yD;egif.wh:pof:tefrD:e[:aq;oAif:wgiftl,eh. bl,qgrf:omef;

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eguf;aO pAwf:udefumefOlefej:urf.erf? vh;pefcof bl,qrfvSefvdefqyf:rldif:bmif:aOrldof;ylef.rj:eef. rmifomef;eh. rD:ulef:xof;ulnf: arjvmwf;uGmrf:wh:vDvD? vkuf;tgef,eh.trf,ayj:arjvmwf;uGmrf:wh:bof./

ulnf:uj; e[:yDeh. zl;wSrf;vduf; vh;rldof:sv, vAyf;pAef:pef ugyf;yldof;coftgefuef cof;q[vAyf;pAef:vduf;wh:rj:ehsv; qldof:trf,arjuGmrf:wh:eef. arjrj:aO tgefuefvmwf;uGmrf:wh:Orf.ayj:tlefyef:oh.bl,bof.? acj;bldif:tmef:tefoj; vduf;Nrf;wlof uGmrf:Nrf;acj; tefoj;eef. awyAefrj:bl,bof.pk dofeh? ulnf:uj;yduf.Orf.oj; yh,Nrf;acj;uefvh;aOw tefvh;pefcof pkygif,q[ cwf:q[P;arjvmwf;uGmrf:wh:rj:ck def:eh.ulnf:auj; Orf.ayj:uBej,bof./tefvmuf,vhm:eh. vh;pefyD;egif.wh:pof: tefbl,Oof: wD;omef;owD;vlif tefoj;eef.bof.?omef;owD:vlifeh. yAefomef;b[,omef;vlifvifNdef:rD:rguf; OD,ymuf,yhmbof.? e[:eef. awj.aw.rD:ulef:wmif,cldof: bl,qdrfqgrf,qgrf:tdwf:tgwf:ulnf:? yD;egif.wh:omef;eh. vh;pefcofOlifekif;zj;wlif,oh.? OAifvmwf;uGmrf:cof vgif;oh.sv; xgrf,bmyf,oh.tdwf:tdwf:? vgif;tefyD;egif.wh:pof: xkif.ekdif;sv;xkif.ekdif; vmwf;uGmrf:OAifvgif;aO vh;qlnf.xgrf,tof tefoj;eef.aw. trf,vmuf;vhm:Oif? awj;ulef:rldif:vgheif,uefbif:trf,rldefuefvDugef,/ (OAifvmwf;uGmrf:pof: ySuf,ueftdwf:tgwf:aOw vlof,P;erf.q[pof:rldefuef Nrf;rkdof:uefpAwf:umefugj,ej;ulnf: vrf,vgif;aOyldef;)

tefaujvduf;vhm:zdif;si;wh: sv;

Oif,cj,pof:cof tgefuefvlif:Ogefyefvduf;ul;yDe[:xkif.vdefyAif:eh. rD:vgif;vDbldif;sv; tefvDbgif;abj:oh.? eh.aw. yAefvgif;vhm:wgyf,vduf;cofeef.bof.? acj;xmrfymifwgyf,vduf;eh. xkuf;tguf,wD;vAof P;rldefueful;aq;oAif:? xkdifoef:wgyf,vduf;rj:ehauj; ruf:ref;yef P;wgyf,bof.oef:vAofuef? ekdif;aq;oAif:eh. aujszzhm,auj;vduf;vhm:cof tofykef;zgef:aO qwf:pAwf:Omif;ugj, wgyf,Nrf;uefwD;vAof oAif:v[oAif:eef.bof.? eh.yAefzmif;pmif; vgif;zgrf.Nrf; cof;tguf,uef yAeftefvDqlrf:qgrf: aw.aw.bof./

omef;wh: tefrD:e[:oAif:wgiftl,eh.awrD:bl,rguf; Odyf:omef;qldof:eh.bof.? e[:omef;qldof:eef. ymifOgefvduf;wh: bmrf;rD:rj:aOw cmwf,ugj,pkdifej,bof.? wkduf.vh;ckdef:sw,Ogef e[:yD 2106 eh.ulnf:/ e[:yD 2107 eh.vh;sz;tguf,ugj, rD:rj:xSif;qAwf:ymifbof.? e[:qldof:eef. yAefomef;qAwf:vuf:? omef;ej:pD:?omef;udof,qgif:? omef;OAuf.zl:wgif,? yBLif:cRif:?omef;owD:vlif? omef;wj.aw:? omef;yguf.clofyAefqldof:eh.bof.? e[:omef;qldof:eef. omef;owD:vlifeh. yAefomef;tefb[,aOyldef;bof.?vh;pkidef:oj; rldof;ylef.rj: pkdifej,bof.eef.bmrf;yAefygh:yDr[,wh:bl,eh/

bgef. vgif;erf.q[yDr[,pkdof trf,eefauj; erf.q[ymifOgefvduf; vhm:zdif;si;ykwf.xqldrf;qkdrf:cof;e[:Nofq[ yD;egif.wh:omef;owD:bl,bof.sv; wj,awyAefrj:ymifOgefvduf;ehauj; trf,vlof,vh;wkduf:Olef:OifaO tguf,q[c[;Ogef cwf:q[Ogefrj: pif:z[,pif:ref:bof.?ayj:rD:ymifOgefbof.auj; Orf.rD:xSif;ygh:vlif:


262

ymifOgefqgrf:eh. yAeferf.q[ vgif;zgrf.Nrf;uefyefpSif:uefbof.? ygh:vlif:ymifOgef wD;omef;owD:vlifeh. qwf:pAwf:ugj, rldof;oef:xd 16. 6.2013 vldefNuf:r[, 8 crf; 9 crf;eef.bof./ymifOgefvduf;aw. yAefqof;cl:cof tofykef;zgef: Ogefyefugj,aO? vgif;zkduf:Mif.uGmrf: sv;wmif:uj;pmif;vDeef.Orf. qkrf:aujvduf;vhm:zdif;si;wh:xkif.vdefyAif:cof tofykef;zgef:rldof:Ogefyefoj;ehbof./

ayj:trf,pkaw. awxmif,oj;yD;egif.wh:xkif.vdefyAif:eh. bl,qrfrmef;sv; trf,arjuj;qgrf:OAifuGmrf:omef ymefr[,pof:ehbl,? wD;aw.ref: ayj:yAefvkuf;tgef,pAef:eh cofarjuj;arjMif.uGmrf:ymefr[, ul;auj.bof.? yD;egif. rj:cof;ygh:vlif:ymifumifcrf; qldof:vkuf.tofwD;uh cD,uj:rj:eef. Mif.uGmrf:ymefr[,qgrf:uef Orf.ayj:tlefvlifrj: qgrf:OhmOAef;wmif:ehsv; zl;wSrf;vduf; vh;idef:OAif;uGmrf:eh.aO e[:q[eh. vh;cknf.pef rldefeif,oj; yAefygh:vlif e[:rldif:wh:aOwD;wD;ehbof./

qgrf:eif,oj; yD;egif.wh: wkdef:vof:oh.aO Orf.rj:ekif;wif:clof:wh:cSrf.vSyf;aOuj;aeehaw. yl def;qldof:yh,bmrf;pefauj;vh;pefaO tgefuefbgif;tmrf:oh.bl,bof.? zl;wSrf;vduf;ehauj; av.Omif.wmif:awj,aO vh;rldof:pef vgif;tefcofarjuj;qgrf: OAif;uGmrf:omefxkuf,N trf,oj;vkuf;tgef,ulef:vlif Olifuj;ul;auj.? qkrf:ref:auj;erf qkrf:v[auj;trf,acBj.?cSrf.bl,ul;qkrf:? ulef:rj:wlnf:ygh:ehauj; Orf.ayj:wArfvlifoh.ehsv; e[:q[eh. rD:vgif;qlrf:Oldof: wldof:ckdef; wkdef,wAef; rldefeif,vh;cof;

ygh:yDr[, e[:rldif:wh:pof: tefqwf:pAwf:wD;uAif:wkifeef.bof./

acj;vlyf:vif eif,pkdof awvh;tofvkuf;pAef:pof: zkduf:xmrfwgyf,uef uAof,vlnf; vgif;ygh:vlif:ymifeh. zl;wSrf;vduf; awtofwif: uGmrf:yef,wlif, acj;xmrfwgyf,uefeh.aO zmuf,wgef;yef zl;vlvduf; pof:cofugef,=ygh:Oif ` ygh:vlif:ymif?ymifOif ymifzkduf:pAef:?pAef:Oif pAef:vduf;wh:?wh:Oif wh:puf.qmwf;?qmwf;Oif qmwf;cldof:b[,?b[,Oif b[,zgrf.uef?uefOif uefpof:pj:?pj:Oif pj:wif:OAif;?OAif;Oif OAif;qgrf:ygh:? ygh:Oif /

wj,aw tofvkuf;pAwf:cof zkduf:xmrfwgyf,uefeh. vlduf;oh.vkuf;pAef:Ogifauj.w? auj.ekdif;sw,iof;uGmrf:oj; wh:auj.wlnf:vl yD;egif.wh:pof: tgefuefekif;clof:r[,aO wlif.wkdef;Omef;uef Orf.ayj:yAefzkifvlifoh. cofpAwf:Oifaej` tj.H wh:auj.auj; rldof;eh. yAefoef:ygh:tldof; wh:auj.pof:trf,pkpj` pjJ ygh:ehpj`q[;tldof;? ygh:Oif eh sw,xmrfwgyf,ugj,w/

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qof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;)qof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;)qof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;)qof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;)qof;Olefrguf, cl dof:wh: (vj;OAof;)

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clof:ylnf;tefoj;eh. rD:oh.-1.clof:ylnf;avj:uD,? 2.clof:ylnf;xrf,r-eh Ogifydlifbof./clof:ylnf;avj:uD, tefoj;eh. yAefclof:cgiftkwf.qj, Iwej, uSof;OSifidkef:crf: wlduf,ph;vguf:ej:rvj:olof:uGmh: Ndef:ab:vlwf.uj: sv; avj:uD,ynj,qdlof:eh.bof./ clof:ylnf;xrf,r tefoj;qrf. yAefumefvD wj,e? OD,v? zj,oej,? tyqj,be? ao,bj,owf.q? ywf.wdwj,e? ywf.wj,ekarj:we? xrf,rwf.Ooe? xrf,raw,Oej,? wdwf.xdqkurf,r yknf,nudIdbj,(10)ydlifqdlof:eh.bof./

clof:ylnf;avj:uD,eh. vh;qmrf,ylnf;zgef:vDref: wj,zoedkif;qmwf;ulnf:? clof:ylnf;xrf,reh.qrf. wuf:awvh;qmrf,ylnf;zgef:vDref:e[:cmof:wmif:Orf,OIj, zoul;qmwf;qmwf;awj,Mwf;edyf.ymef,uwf:bAefbof./ oj;eefaOwauj; qdlof:yAefyl,emh:ayj;sr; qmof:cdlof:ykwf.xzj,Oj, urf;erferfeh. trf,ayj:Olefq[ wj,awyefclof:ylnf;xrf,r uj;wD;edlofvkuf;vmif:/ eif,pkdofvkuf;vmif: ayj:awpkvgef.uSefrgef:xrf:? eif,pdkofawvh;qdrf:wlnf: erf.qArf:omefxrf:Twj:qof;eef.auj; trf,arjyefpSif:vj:vj:/ Oifoj;vh;oh.clof:ylnf;xrf,reh rdlif:tyj,b(tay,)OD,clof:eef. wdkef:awtrf,vlif:Mwf;vh;bof. tefoj;eef. c[;P;qmof:cdlof:ykwf.xzj,Oj, pkxdkifbl,/ clof:ylnf;avj:uD,eh. Orf.

oj;yAefwj,cdkef;b[, e[:avj:u oj;ehaOwOifoj;trf,arjq[.wdkof:ehqdkif qmif;wdkwf.qkifqeftofwluf:xdkif rdlif:tyj,bugef,tdlof; tefoj;eef.auj; c[;P;qmof:cdlof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,zmif.wlofzmif.q[aO arjbl,arjOof: arjpAwf:arjOmif; arjoj;tgefOgefyef vkuf;vmif:pof:qdlof:eef.bl,/ Oifoj; pof:puf.vkuf;vmif:pof:bl,sw.qdkif pof:arjbdkef;yef clof:ylnf;avj:uD,auj; wj,awP;cof ayj:vh;yAefulef:sw.ulef:oj; e[:cmof:wmif:Orf,OIj,eef. clof:ylnf;xrf,reef.auj; wdkef:awvh;bdkef;yefcofbl,bof./

ckefapjcrf:ydrf,ydOj,I sv; zl;rmuf;vliftej,xydef,eh. yAefaOj:wj,ymef,eif,uef?yAefwuj,uRif:eif,uef? rD:oh.vkuf;qmh:pmh. pif:z[pif:ref: eif,uefbof./ tefcjOgifauj.trf,rdlefuefeef.qrf. zl;rmuf;vliftej,xydef,eh. arjoh.yef clof:ylnf;xrf,r uj;wD;vkuf;qmh:ref:aO ckefapjcrf:ydrf,yOj,Ieh. Orf.trf,vh;yefoh. clof:ylnf;xrf,r uj;wD;vkuf;qmh:ref: ySuf;uefeif,ehbof./

ckefapjcrf:ydrf,ydOj,Ieh. bgef.ydlof;trf,vh;yefoh. clof:ylnf;xrf,r wD;vkuf;qmh:ref:tqj,wOmwf;eef.sv; vh;cmrf,wmif:vkuf;qmh:ref: cj;pSrfwmhaO vkuf;qmh:ref:auj;bgef.vh;tofayj;qof;au:ql:wmhsv; vh;wluf:xdkifrdlif:iImh:bof./ zl;rmuf;vliftej,xydef,qrf. bgef.vh;yefoh. clof:ylnf;xrf,r wD;vkuf;qmh:ref:sv; wmrfwlofref:auj; uwf:bAefOdlof:Oj, tj,bkbdkef:bmof:? vkuf;qmh:pmh.ref:eef.auj; vh;yAefaOj:wj,ymefaO tdkwf:

clof:ylnf;(clofrgef)


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wyf.pyf:ySwf; zuf:wlrdlif:iImh:eef. yAefvuf:xmef tefuSef,udkrf:ref;vD vgif;vh;yefclof:ylnf;xrf,r uj;wD;vkuf;vmif:eef.bof./

vmh:zl;rmuf;vlif tej,xydef, yefclof:ylnf;xrf,r wD;vkuf;qmh:ref: tefqdkof;oj;]]uj,v}}eef. yAefcdlif;vDbdlif; tefrD:uj;cefykef;wj,vkuf;vmif:pof:sw.sw./ zl;rmuf;vlifeh. rD:oh.vkuf;qmh:auj.edkif;? vkuf;bdif:Omrfauj./vkuf;bdif:wif:Omrfauj.eef. vh;wluf:xdkifyAefaOj:wj,ymef, sv; Ouwj,umrf,ugj, pif:z[pif:ref: oj;ehaOw vkuf;qmh:ref: qmh:uj,veh.sw. yAefoh.tmh;Omof:emof:auj.edkif;/ umefTzj:Twj: trf,pk? umefvl,umefwmef: trf,pk/tefref:pksw. udefvof;? awj,zmh.? pmh.zl;bdif:? rof:rdif: qgrf:uj,rukif,eef.ulnf:ehbof./wD;Ndef:cofeef. Orf.oj;zl;rmuf;vlif zdwf;ymif:Oif,cj,cofqof;pAifwlef rj:wkif:Ogrf:bl, ul;oef:ul;oef:aO bgef:xgrf,xrf:Twj: tekarj:wej,cof;Ogrf: ul;oef:oj;ehaOw qmh:uj,vsw. trf,pefrj:eif;xgrf,aOyguf;ehbof./

zl;rmuf;vlifeh. rh;q[qgrf:vkuf;qmh:ref:tefyAefulef:pmh.ulef:vldif: ulef:uhTzj:Twj:? uhumefvl,umefwmef:eef.sv; xdkifrj:oef:edkif;ref:Mif.vkuf;qmh:ref:aO vmwf;oj;]]ayj:ugj,y[.tkykuf;wD;uRif: ul;oef:ul;oef:eh awyefidkef: edkif;oef:edkif;ymuf, edkif;oef:edkif;ymuf,}}eif,ehsv; qmh:uj,veh.auj; bgef.ydlof;c[;vh;idkef:edkif;ymuf,eef.sv; qif,pyf.tdlof;tofuGmrf:ayj;cofeef.aO rdlof:ql:uRif: sw.eif,oj;bof./ ulnf:uj; ugj,egef:rluf:qgrf.qguf.qgrf:qAif,aO ayj:wmrf:crf;rj: yguf;rdlof:Ndef: bgef:tof

idkef: wD;ayj;cofedkif;ymuf,eef.aO ugj,pjudefvof;? awj,zmh.? auBj,vlef.ylef.ySwf;ugj, qgrf:oef:v[oef:eef.bof./

ayj:pAwf:eefugj,uRif: vh;OD,pj;oef:bof.auj; qmh:uj,veh. trf,ulofuRif:? trf,ulofTzj:? trf,ulofTwj:bof./ eif,pkdofawyAefrj:qdlif.eefauj; ayj;ref:cmrf,OAif;idkef: edkif;oef:edkif;ymuf,eef.bof./ urf:vdkef:rj: ayj;cofqif,cdkef:oj; ]]ayj:wgif:vh; Twj:Tzj:yAefqof;rj:qdkif awyefidkef:edkif;pAif}}ehsv; qmh:uj,vauj; bgef.ydlof;rdkwf;ruf. idkef:edkif;pAifeef.aOcof:q[xgrf,Twj:Tzj:yAefqof; ul;acj;ul;urf:bof./ ayj:Twj:bof.ugj,auj; qmh:uj,veh. vh;wluf:xdkifyAefaOj:wj,ymef,ugj,bl,bof./

vguf:vmh:tef zl;rmuf;vlif yefclof:ylnf;xrf,r wD;vkuf;qmh:ref:eh. ydlif;uefwif:vmh:pAwf:vmh:Omif; ayj;sr;yl,emh: qmof:cdlof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,pof: umyf;ymefrdlof;vAofeh.sw.sw./ zl;rmuf;vlifsw. yefidkef:vkuf;vmif:aO P;qrfTzj:Twj:? P;qrfuRif:? P;qrfIpmef:Oif,cj,? P;xgrf,Twj:aOw ayj;sr;yl,emh: qmof:cldof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,bmrf:vAofeh. Orf.yefidkef:vkuf;vmif:aO P;ugj,sv,ugj,vmof:? P;uhTzj:Twj:? P;uhuRif:?P;uhIpmef:Oif,cj,? P;ayBj,qgrf:uj,rukif,pj;ydlifeh. yAefvgif;vDeuf:q[qgrf: Oj,Oej,rdlof:ej;bl,/ ayj:Oj,Oej,blyf;bgrf:auj; omef;rdlif:trf,Ndof:Ndif:vh; tefoj;eef. c[;P;qmof:cldof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,wif:OAif; ygif,q[aO P;arjyefclof:ylnf;xrf,r uj;wD;vkuf;vmif:z[ref:aOurf:atj;/Omrfyl:-vj;OAof;

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Scanned by CamScanner · 1 11 qAifcrf:vSif:-21 1 qAifcrf:vSif: yDxrf: 2557 yDwh: 2108 yDcIdwf. 2013 zkdefvduf; rhm-21 vdlefqAif