SAVE-ODYSSEEMONITORING TOOLS FOR

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN EUROPE

Energy efficiency index Energy efficiency index ODEXODEX

B Lapillonne,, K Pollier , EnerdataB Lapillonne,, K Pollier , Enerdata

D Bosseboeuf, ADEMED Bosseboeuf, ADEME

Septembre 2004

Why energy efficiency indices?Why energy efficiency indices?

Provide more relevant indicators for energy efficiency evaluation of final consumers at the overall level or at sectoral level (industry, households, transport)

Therefore, provide alternative indicators to the indicators currently used (energy intensity for all final consumers, for industry and

for transport; consumption per dwelling for households) ,that include the influence of many factors not linked to efficiency (structural changes, lifestyles,…)

Energy efficiency index at sectoral levelEnergy efficiency index at sectoral level

For industry, transport and households : aggregation of unit consumption indices by sub-sector (or end-use / equipment) in one index for the sector on the basis of the weight of each sub-sector in the sector consumption

Unit consumption by sub-sector can be expressed in different units so as to be as close as possible to energy efficiency evaluation : toe/ dwelling, kWh/appliance, toe/ton, litre/100km ;

Energy efficiency improvement <=> index decreases (e.g 85 in 2000 15% energy efficiency improvement

Energy efficiency index for final Energy efficiency index for final consumers: Odexconsumers: Odex

Odex calculated by weighting each sectoral index with the share of each sector in the final energy consumption (26 sectors used: 7 in transport, 9 for households and 9 in industry, 1 in services)

Odex above all based on statistics

Odex a detailed top down approach

Odex to be extended to total consumption (ie including transformations)

Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency is regularly improving:is regularly improving: 0.8%/year between 1990 and 2002 in the EU 15; larger gains in

industry with 1.1%/ yr ; no progression for households since 1996

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Inde

x

industry households transport services total

Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency is improvingis improving all countries all countriesEnergy efficiency gain 1990- 2002

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Italy Netherlands Spain Belgium Luxemburg Greece Sweden

Portugal EU-15 UK Norway France Germany Finland

Denmark Austria Ireland

Energy efficiency index for industryEnergy efficiency index for industry

Evaluation carried out at the level of 9 branches:• 4 main branches: chemicals, food, textile & leather and equipment goods;• 3 energy intensive branches: steel, cement and pulp & paper • 2 residual branches: other primary metals ( ie primary metals minus steel), other metallic minerals ( ie non metallic mineral minus cement)

Unit consumption expressed in terms of energy used per ton produced for energy intensive products (steel, cement, and paper) per unit of production index for the other branches

Energy efficiency trends for Energy efficiency trends for iindustry ndustry Energy efficiency progress : 12% in the EU15 ;

increased gain since 1997

60

70

80

90

100

110

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Inde

x

total chemicals steel cement paper equipment

Revised indicator

Energy efficiency index for householdsEnergy efficiency index for households

•Calculated on 8 end-uses/appliances : heating, water heating, cooking, 5 large appliances (refrigerators, freezers, washing machine , dishwashers and TV)

•Indicators used:

Heating: unit consumption per m2 at normal climate (toe/m2)

Water heating: unit consumption per dwelling with water heating

Cooking: unit consumption per dwelling

Large elec. appliances: specific consumption per appliance (kWh/year)

Energy efficiency trends for hEnergy efficiency trends for householdsouseholds About 10 % energy efficiency progress between 1990

and 1996 in the EU15 ; no progress since; regular improvement for large appliances

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

overall heating large electrical appliances

Calculated over 8 end-uses and appliancesCalculated over 8 end-uses and appliances

Energy efficiency index for transport:Energy efficiency index for transport:

•Calculated on 7 modes:cars, trucks & light vehicles, air (domestic), rail, water, motorcycles and buses

•Indicators used:

cars: specific consumption in litres/km

trucks & light vehicles : unit consumption per ton-km

air : unit consumption per passenger-km

rail ,water : unit consumption/pkm or tkm

motorcycles, buses: toe/vehicle

Energy efficiency trends for transport:Energy efficiency trends for transport:Regular energy efficiency improvement in the EU 15 since 1993 ( 0.7% year); light slow down since 1999 because of

road transport of goods

80

90

100

110

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Overall Cars Trucks Air transport

Calculated over 7 modes of transportCalculated over 7 modes of transport

Energy efficiency index and final energy intensity: EU-15

85

90

95

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Inde

x

efficiency index final intensity (normal climate)

More regular trend for the index

Depending on the period different trends

Progress of energy efficiency index and final energy intensity (1990-2002)

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

%/y

ea

r

ODEX

intensity

Yearly variation of energy efficiencyYearly variation of energy efficiency index, final index, final energy intensity and energy intensity and GDP: role of business cyclesGDP: role of business cycles

-2

-1,5

-1

-0,5

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

% /

year

final intensity efficiency index GDP

Efficiency index less sensitive to business cycles

All indicators at normal climate

The efficiency index is not only a descriptive indicator, but an explanatory indicator

Energy consumption change per dwelling in the EU15

-1

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0

0,2

0,4

%

Consumption per dwelling More appliances

Larger homes Efficiency progress

Behaviour, others

Energy efficiency index: conclusionEnergy efficiency index: conclusion

The energy efficiency index Odex is already available for all EU-15 countries and Norway

It is calculated with the same methodology on the basis of the same indicators for each country, developed in a consensual way within the ODYSSE project

Used by all participants: national report on energy efficiency trends and energy efficiency profiles (available on www.odyssee-

indicators.org).

Odex will be extended to the total consumption, including energy transformations

Can be easily extended to new EU members (www.ceec-indicators.org)

Annex 1Annex 1 Coverage of the ODEX by Coverage of the ODEX by countrycountry

25 to 26 indicators are used for the EU15 and 8 countries (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy , Netherlands, UK) (7 in transport, 9 for households and 8/9 in industry, 1 in services )

17-18 indicators for Finland, Spain, Sweden and Norway (main difference is the large appliances or details by road

vehicles).

15 indicators for Belgium, Ireland Portugal and Luxembourg

Annex 2: Energy efficiency index for Annex 2: Energy efficiency index for transport :alternative calculationtransport :alternative calculation

•Calculated on 4 modes: road, air (domestic), rail, water

•Indicators used: road: unit consumption per car equivalent

trucks & light vehicles : unit consumption per ton-km

air : unit consumption per passenger-km

rail ,water : unit consumption/pkm or tkm

•Countries: Belgium, Ireland ,Portugal, Sweden, Luxembourg

Annex 3Annex 3 Energy efficiency index for Energy efficiency index for h households : alternative calculationouseholds : alternative calculation

•Calculated on 2 end-uses: heating , water heating

Heating: unit consumption per m2 at normal climate (toe/m2)

Water heating: unit consumption per dwelling with water heating

Case of :Spain, Sweden, UK , Finland, Greece, Norway

•Calculated on total consumption (without end-use) :

Unit consumption of fossil fuels (non electric) per m2 at normal climate (toe/m2)

Case of : Belgium, Ireland, Portugal, Luxemburg

Annex 4: Energy efficiency index Annex 4: Energy efficiency index Example of calculationExample of calculation

Energy efficiency

index

1990 1991 1992 1993

Spce heating 100 98 95 90

Other uses 100 107 113 115

Total 100 102 102 100

IE90 = 100

IE91 = IE90 x (98 x 0.60 + 107 x 0.40 = 102

IE92 = IE1991 x (95/98 x 0.59 + 113/107 x 0.41) = 102

IE93 = IE1992 x (90/95 x 0.55 + 115/113 x 0.45) = 100

Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency and final energy intensity: and final energy intensity: FranceFrance

85

90

95

100

105

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Inde

x

Final intensity (France) Odex (France)

More regular trends for the indexMore regular trends for the index

All indicators at normal climate