IfEIZE T H E T I M E ^

Vol.1 No. 5 Februar 1975 35c

Saundra Pratt

TO SAUNDRA PRATT

Through the many m i s s i o n s o f v a l o r endeavored, t h r o u g h your v l t , s u s t a i n e d t h r o u g h your s t r o n g t i e s and l o v e f o r our people, c u l m i n a t i n g i n success and v i c t o r y , t h r o u g h your r a r e l e a d e r s h i p t r a i t s and t h e a u d a c i t y , t h e e x c e l l e n c e you showed i n c o m b a t t i n g and conquering t h e chauvinism i n men, you en­dured and e x c e l l e d . . . .

Geronimo P r a t t 1971

I n t he past year, your continuous and r e a l l y c r e a t i v e a c t i v i t i e s have f i l l e d us w i t h much enthusiasm about our American s i s t e r s ' s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e i r s o l i d a r i t y and p l a y i n g an ever more p o s i t i v e and i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n t h e American people's common s t r u g g l e f o r an end t o the a g g r e s s i v e war i n V i e t Nam and f o r s o c i a l p r o g r e s s i n the U n i t e d S t a t e s . . . .

Peace and j u s t i c e w i l l t r i u m p h i A l l my s i n c e r e wishes f o r your success i n t h i s s p r i n g

d r i v e l

Nguyen T h i Blnh V i c e - p r e s i d e n t o f Women's Union f o r t he L i b e r a t i o n o f South V i e t Nam I n t e r n a t i o n a l Women's Day March 1972

Nguyen Thi Binh

Inside This Issue:

CENTERFOLD SECTION ON INTERNATONALISM AND ORGANIZATION UNITY AND UNIFORMITY STRUGGLE WITHIN THE WAW/WSO CULTURAL REVOLUTIONfPRINCIPLES OF UNITY FROM THE CULTURAL FRONT) BOSTON BLACKS ORGANIZE SELF-DEFENSE ON SELF DEFENSE BREAK DE CHAINS WORLD REVOLUTION MESSAGES TO THE PEOPLE CLASS STRUGGLE(LABOR HISTORY AND LAW)

SEIZE THE TIME PAGE 2

"JUCHE MEANS HOLDING FAST TO THE PRINCIPLE OF SOLVING FOR ONESELF ALL THE PROBLEMS OF THE REVOLUTION AND CONSTRUCTION I N CON­FORMITY WITH THE ACTUAL CONDITIONS AT HOME." KIM I L SUNG(DRK)

JUCHE! SELF DEFENSE IN BOSTON • —

I n t h e l a t e s i x t i e s , Black s t u d e n t s a t C o r n e l l u n i v e r s i t y armed and o r ­ganized themselves. R a c i s t w h i t e s t u d e n t s had t h r e a t e n e d t o take v i ­g i l a n t e a c t i o n s a g a i n s t Black s t u ­d e n t s . Armed and or g a n i z e d commu­n i t y defense must be o r g a n i z e d t o defend Black and T h i r d World commu-n i t y s from a l l r a c i s t v i g i l a n t e a t ­t a c k s .

R e p r i n t e d from"the Guardian"

The b a t t l e over school i n t e g r a t i o n i n t h i s c i t y has r e v e a l e d b o t h the u g l y face o f f a s c i s m and t h e calm d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f the Black community's r e s i s t a n c e .

For s e v e r a l days two weeks ago, Boston p o l i c e - i n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h an o u t b u r s t o f t e r r o r o r g a n i z e d by t h e Ku Klux K l a n -p l a c e d t h e Black neighborhood o f Colum­b i a p o i n t i n a v i r t u a l s t a t e o f sei g e .

The Black community rosponded w i t h d i s c i p l i n e , p o l i t i c a l e d u c a t i o n and th e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f armed s e l f - d e f e n s e .

These events have been i g n o r e d o r glossed over by t h e n a t i o n a l and l o c a l c a p i t a l i s t media. But t h e y nonetheless expose the w h i t e c h a u v i n i s t essence o f the n a t i o n a l a n t i b u s i n g campaign f i r s t i n s t i g a t e d by t h e Nixon a d m i n i s t r a t i o n and t h e Wallace movement. The Klan i s openly o r g a n i z i n g i n Boston's w h i t e neighborhoods, h o l d i n g s t r e e t r a l l i e s and moving i n t o key p o s i t i o n s i n community groups.

Here i s what happened as t h e p o l i c e " p r o t e c t e d " Blacks a t Colvnnbla P o i n t Housing Progect, which i s on a p e n i n s u l a d i r e c t l y a d j a c e n t t o South Boston, sep­a r a t e d e n t i r e l y by a mass o f highway ex­pansion. I t i s t o t a l l y c u t o f f from t h e Puerto Rican community by South Boston and severed from the Black community by m i l e s o f t h e p r e d o m i n a t e l y w h i t e s e c t i o n o f Dorchester. KLAN INVASION

On September 18, t h e Ku Kl u x Klan i n ­vaded t h i s community.

I n f u l l u n i f o r m , and w i t h r a c i s t s l o ­gans draped a l l over t h e i r c a r s , t h e y breezed down t h e main s t r e e t s o f t h e P o i n t

and t h r o w i n g t h i n g s a t t h e people °' ;ewalks. They were preceded ea; '_.-at day by yoting w h i t e gangs from South Boston who d i d the same, t h r o w i n g rocks and b o t t l e s , s h o o t i n g "BB" guns a t c h i l d r e n and s h o u t i n g r a c i a l s l u r s .

Much o f t h e subsequent i n t e n s e a c t i v i t y was brought t o l i g h t a t a Sept. 26 meeting h e l d f o r t h e c h i l d r e n who were b e i n g bused t o South Boston and t h e i r p a r e n t s . The meeting was arranged by t h e UJIMA S o c i e t y , t h e Black s t u d e n t u n i o n o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Massachusetts a t Columbia P o i n t .

A member o f UJIMA c h a i r e d t h e meeting. A l t h o u g h t h e r e were r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s from Black communities o f o t h e r c i t i e s and s t a t e o f f i c i a l s p r e s e n t , t h e meeting was dominated by t h e s t u d e n t s and p a r e n t s .

One o f t h e youths marched t o t h e p l a t ­form and d e c l a r e d , "Why are those f e d e r a l m a r s h a l l s on t h e r o o f t o p s o f our commun­i t y ? " T h i s demand was immediately met w i t h e x p l o s i v e cheers from t h e crowd.

"They got Vietnam equipment," he added. "Where were th e y when t h e Klan was t h e r e ? Once we or g a n i z e d o u r s e l v e s and threw them people o u t o f our community t h e y move t h e army i n on us!"

The e n t i r e audience e r u p t e d , r o c k i n g t h e a u d i t o r i u m . BLACKS TAKE UP ARMS

A f t e r t h e a t t a c k s by the K l a n , t h e people o r g a n i z e d themselves. They stood 24-hour watch w i t h e i g h t hour d e t a i l s and t h e y armed themselves. There were going t o be no s a c r i f i c i a l lambs here.

By Sept. 21 t h e p o l i c e had s e t up a watch a t t h e edge o f th e neighborhood. That n i g h t , s h o o t i n g broke o u t . From t h e r o o f s o f t h e Boston Col l e g e High School, an a l l - w h i t e school about 200 yards from the housing p r o j e c t , t h e Klan was f i r i n g on the people i n t h e s t r e e t . The p o l i c e were no more than a h a l f - m i l e away, b u t they d i d n o t come down t o see what t h e s h o o t i n g was about.

On Sept. 24 some 300 o f Boston's Tac­t i c a l P o l i c e Force moved i n t o Columbia P o i n t . Residents e x p l a i n e d t h a t t h e TPF r a i d e d b u i l d i n g s and en f o r c e d a v i r t u a l , though u n o f f i c i a l , s t a t e o f m a r t i a l law. The Comnunity Youth Center and th e C o l -UBbla P o i n t Day Care Center, where t h e people had been j o i n i n g f o r mutual p r o t ­e c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e K l a n , were r a i d e d the next a f t e r n o o n .

Heriua Mcuining, t h e day care d i r e c t o r , v e r i f i e d t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n : "Any time you

break down t h e doors and search a l l t h e rooms and c l o s e t s w i t h guns and r i o t e-quipment, what do you c a l l i t b u t a r a i d ? "

A l l t h e windows had been smashed so t h a t p o l i c e c o u l d p o i n t o u t o f them t h e i r M16 r i f l e s and c a r b i n e s , complete w i t h t e l e ­s c o p i c l e n s e s .

P a r t s o f t h e c e i l i n g had been crushed i n . The d i r e c t o r e x p l a i n e d t h a t t h e y were l o o k i n g f o r arms. ( I t must be kept i n mind t h a t these p o l i c e were t h e r e p u r ­p o r t e d l y t o p r o t e c t t h e c i t i z e n s o f t h e community from o u t s i d e aggression.) POLICE RACISM

The day care c e n t e r had r e c e n t l y c r e ­a t e d a " p o l i t i c a l education"room . On t h e w a l l s where t h e names and p i c t u r e s o f Black l e a d e r s were hung, t h e name o f M a r t i n L u t h e r King had s c r i b b l e d next t o i t i n c r a y o n , "He g o t on a bus, he go t s h o t . "

These " p r o t e c t o r s o f t h e c i t i z e n r y " w r o t e n e x t t o t h e name o f Malcolm X-"is a dead Ni g g e r . " Next t o t h e p o p u l a r phrase "Black i s b e a u t i f u l " was w r i t t e n - " b u t i t ' s s t i l l b l a c k , " and under t h e s i g n "Love i s our Black people t o g e t h e r " was scrawled "swimming back t o A f r i c a . "

T h i s d i s p l a y reached t h e h e i g h t o f v i c -iousness i n t h e d i s m a n t l i n g o f t h e com­munity's p i p e organ. The people e x p l a i n e d t h a t i t took them s i x years t o save enough money t o buy i t and now i t was j u s t a smashed up h u l k .

Bookcases were broken i n t o and t h e i r doors were l e f t l y i n g on t h e f l o o r . The d e s t r u c t i o n a l s o t o o k p l a c e i n t h e C h r i s ­t i a n Commxinity Church.

At n i g h t t h e TPF were s t a t i o n e d on a l l t h e r o o f t o p s o f t h e housing p r o j e c t w i t h f l a k j a c k e t s and b u l l e t p r o o f v e s t s . While t h e y drank l i q u o r t h e y p o i n t e d t h e i r s h o t ­guns and h i g h powered r i f l e s a t c h i l d r e n on t h e s t r e e t .

T h e i r numerous paddy wagons and r i o t equipment were used f o r t h e purpose o f b l o c k i n g up t h e s t r e e t s . The people were t o l d t h e y must go i n t o t h e i r houses. No one was p e r m i t t e d t o leave t h e area o r walk t h e s t r e e t s . The phones were tapped and i n many cases i t was i m p o s s i b l e t o ge t c a l l s t h r o u g h .

Community worker Bernard Sneed t o l d me about t h e a s s a u l t p e r p e t r a t e d on him. Since he works w i t h t h e c h i l d r e n i n the area he went t o t h e day care c e n t e r t o see why a l l t h e c h i l d r e n had been herded i n t o t h e s t r e e t w h i l e t h e p o l i c e t o o k o-ver t h e b u i l d i n g .

A t h i s f i r s t q u e s t i o n t o t h e p o l i c e he caught a f i s t i n t h e jaw.

He grabbed t h e n e x t f i s t , b u t caught c l u b s i n t h e stomach and head, opening up deep gashes i n h i s s k u l l , as 15 cops a t t a c k e d him a t once. He was b l e e d i n g p r o f u s e l y .

The TPF had occupied Columbia P o i n t ' s community c e n t e r f o r t h r e e days. I t i s now f u n c t i o n i n g again and th e uses t o which i t i s b e i n g p u t e x p l a i n why th e po­l i c e made i t a t a r g e t .

On Sept. 27, f o r i n s t a n c e , some 75 you t h s , from ages 10 t o 18, were back i n t h e b u i l d i n g and b e i n g l e d i n c a l i s t h e n ­

i c s by a 22 - y e a r - o l d a c t i v i s t . B e t t y Anne Jones, a community r e s i d e n t , gave t h e background t o t h e s t o r y .

Ever s i n c e t h e f i r s t day o f t h e Klan's i n t r u s i o n , she s a i d , t h e people had s e t up t h e i r defense m o b i l i z a t i o n i n t h i s b u i l d i n g . As was g o i n g on now, concerned mothers and young Black men conducted po­l i t i c a l e d u c a t i o n c l a s s e s . Everyone who en t e r e d t h e b u i l d i n g was r e q u i r e d t o t a k e p a r t .

She a l s o s a i d t h a t t h e p r e v i o u s e s t r a n ­gement between Blacks and Puerto Ricans was b e i n g erased by t h e i r common p l i g h t . I n t h e evenings many Puerto Ricans came i n and j o i n e d t h e defense program.

"This program had been go i n g on f o r f i v e days when t h e p o l i c e r a i d e d t h e b u i l d i n g , " Jones s a i d , e x p l a i n i n g how t h e o f f i c e r s moved "t h e c h i l d r e n t o t h e s t r e e t s where the y c o u l d be s u b j e c t t o t h e b u l l e t s o f the Klansmen" But th e t r a i n i n g had p a i d o f f and d i s c i p l i n e was m a i n t a i n e d .

There has a l s o been no crime i n t h e neighborhood s i n c e t h e program began. "No b r e a k i n g and e n t e r i n g and no f i r e s , " s a i d Jones.

As Louise Day Hicks and o t h e r r e a c t i o n ­a r y o f f i c i a l s whip t h e I r i s h - A m e r i c a n p o p u l a t i o n o f South Boston i n t o a f a s c i s t f r e n z y and as t h e Ku Klux Klan i s g i v e n a i r t i m e over CBS r a d i o , t h e people o f C o l ­umbia P o i n t have r e a c t e d w i t h m a t u r i t y .

The numbers o f murders p e r p e t u a t e d a-g a i n s t Blacks and Puerto Ricans i n c r e a s e s d a i l y i n such c i t i e s as A t l a n t a , New York and Newark. I t s h o u l d be no s u r p r i s e t h a t t h e communities s u b j e c t t o t h i s v i o l e n c e are becoming aware and t a k i n g t h e neces­sary measures o f s e l f - d e f e n s e .

The s t a f f o f "Seize t h e Time" b e l i e v e s t h a t t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement can l e a r n i m p o r t a n t lessons from t h e i s s u e o f school b u s i n g :

1. Black c h i l d r e n have t h e a b s o l u t e r i g h t t o e d u c a t i o n w i t h o u t b e i n g sub­j e c t e d t o r a c i s t v i o l e n c e . I t i s t h e d u t y o f a l l p r o g r e s s i v e peoples t o de­fend t h a t r i g h t . 2. We support t h e r i g h t o f the Black community t o choose whether th e y w i s h t o i n t e g r a t e the schools o r b u i l d and c o n t r o l t h e i r own. We f e e l t h a t school b u s i n g i s d e t r i m e n t a l and a b o u r g e o i s t a c t i c t o defuse r e v o l u t i o n a r y con­sciousness among t h e y o u t h , but t h e main p o i n t i s t h e r i g h t t o choose as the community determines. 3. The dominant aspect o f t h e w h i t e workers o f South Boston was t h e i r r a c ­ism. T h i s was m a n i f e s t e d i n t h e i r mas­s i v e and o f t e n v i o l e n t r a c i s t demon­s t r a t i o n s . However t h e r e was a second­a r y p r o g r e s s i v e aspect among some w h i t e workers. T h i s p r o g r e s s i v e aspect was ma n i f e s t e d by t h e two w h i t e workers who atte m p t e d t o save a Black man i n t h e process o f b e i n g lynched by a w h i t e mob. h. White r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s should p l a c e emphasis on co m b a t t i n g r a c i s m among w h i t e workers w h i l e TW r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s should do more work around c o l l e c t i v e s e l f - d e f e n s e i n t h e i r communities.

SEIZE THE TIME

STRUGGLE IN VVAW/WSO PAGE 3

'Raise level of class consciousness to internationalism, combat racism and se.ism and d i s c r e d i t economists..." TNSTDE THE WHITE WORKING CLASS ( c e n t e r f o l d )

A major s t r u g g l e i s shaping up i n s i d e t h e Vietnam Veterans A g a i n s t t h e War/ w i n t e r S o l d i e r O r g a n i z a t i o n (WAW/wsO) . The l i n e s are b e i n g dravm between members and s u p p o r t e r s o f t h e R e v o l u t i o n a r y Union (RU), who are i n c o n t r o l o f t h e N a t i o n a l O f f i c e (NO) and t h e WAW/wso newspaper, WINTER SOLDIER; and t h e " A n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t M i n o r i t y Focus" (AIMF) which i s s t r o n g e s t i n t h e l a r g e s t and most a c t i v e r e g i o n s : New York and C a l i f o r n i a , f o r example. The AIMF i s now i n t h e process o f d e f i n i n g i t s e l f p o l i t i c a l l y , and t h e a n a l y s i s i n t h i s a r t i c l e does n o t c l a i m i n any way t o r e p r e s e n t t h e AIMP o r any p a r t o f i t .

By f l o o d i n g t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h s e c r e t cadre, s e t t i n g up a number o f new c h a p t e r s and even r e g i o n s , and b e g i n n i n g t o r e c r u i t from t h e ranks o f WAW/WSO, th e RU has gained a s t r o n g f o o t h o l d i n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n . Some RU r e g i o n s , i t should be n o t e d , are s m a l l e r t h a n a s i n g l e com­m i t t e e o f a s i n g l e c h a p t e r o f t h e l a r g e r r e g i o n s , b u t as o f now each r e g i o n c a r r i e s equal v o t i n g s t r e n g t h w i t h i n t h e o r g a n i z a ­t i o n . The B u f f a l o Chapter, i n a paper en­t i t l e d " T e l l No L i e s , Claim No Easy V i c ­t o r i e s " , has charged the RU w i t h " d i r e c t e f f o r t s a t m a n i p u l a t i o n w i t h i n t he organ­i z a t i o n . A c l e a r example i s t h e f o r m a t i o n o f new chapters and r e g i o n s o f WAW/WSO by t h e RU. T h i s serves t o push a p a r t i c u l a r l i n e t h r o u g h a mechanical m a n i p u l a t i o n o f "democratic" processes, r a t h e r t h a n a p p l y ­i n g p r i n c i p l e d p o l i t i c a l s t r u g g l e and ed­u c a t i o n o f t h e masses."

Communist members o f WAW/WSO have a s p e c i a l r e s p o n s a b i l i t y t o examine t h e l i n e and p r a c t i c e o f t h e RU, b o t h i n WAW/WSO and i n t h e r e s t o f t h e movement. They must n o t see t h e s t r u g g l e i n WAW/WSO as i s o l a ­t e d from the r e s t o f t h e movement; t h e RU l i n e i s a l s o b e i n g pushed elsewhere. WAW/ WSO members should t a l k t o o t h e r groups-p a r t i c u l a r l y TW and Womens'- about t h e i r experience and o p i n i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e RU.

The most u s e f u l and a v a i l a b l e e x p r e s s i o n o f t h e RU l i n e and i n f l u e n c e i n WAW/WSO are t h e new N a t i o n a l Program and t h e WIN­TER SOLDIER paper. The AIMF, on t h e o t h e r hand, has a t t h i s p o i n t no c l e a r l y con­s o l i d a t e d p o l i t i c a l l i n e . ECONOMISM AND WAW/WSO

WAW/WSO has adopted a "Vets and GI base and focus".The new n a t i o n a l program d e f i n e s how work i s t o be done i n t h i s f o c u s . We quote: "We say t h a t t h e key demand a t t h i s t i m e i s DECENT BENEFITS FOR ALL VETS." Most o f t h e six-page program d e a l s w i t h work around t h i s demand. The o t h e r demands, r e ­l a t i n g t o I n d o c h i n a , Amnesty, and a S i n g l e t y p e d i s c h a r g e , are seen as more d i f f i c u l t f o r v e t e r a n s t o r e l a t e t o . Movements around these demands are supposed t o "develop d i a -l e c t i c a l l y " o r " u n f o l d " from work i n t h i s area a t a l a t e r p o i n t . Quote ag a i n from t h e N a t i o n a l Program:

"Besides consistency, i t was pointed out e a r l i e r that mobilizing v e t s around the key demand of "Decent B e n e f i t s " w i l l lead to r e l a t e d movements around amnesty and Indochina. I t has been s a i d by many chapters that people, e s p e c i a l l y v e t s , do not r e l a t e to the amnesty demand or the Indochina demand when f i r s t approached. T h i s i s very unr'.erstandable, s i n c e a n t i -i m p e r i a l i s t consciousness does not come out of the sky. People must be won to i t . By u n i t i n g with and leading the s t r u g g l e around demands that veterans immediately grasp are in t h e i r i n t e r e s t s provides the

material b a s i s f o r e x p l a i n i n g the other demands and winning t h s i r support of them, not the other way around. T h i s w i l l not happen if the f i g h t around the immediate needs i s conducted in an economist or r e -formis way, never a t t a c k i n g the system or bringing out the system's t r u e nature."

D e s p i t e t h e d i s c l a i m e r t a c k e d onto t h e end, t h i s s t i n k s o f econoraism. L e t ' s see what Lenin says on t h i s s u b j e c t . "The idea preached by our economists, that the economic s t r u g g l e i s the most widely a p p l i c a b l e means of drawing the masses i n ­to the p o l i t i c a l movement, i s so extremely harmful and extremely reactionary in i t s p o l i t i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e , " "...as a matter of f a c t , it is p o s s i b l e to 'raise the ac­t i v i t y of the masses of workers' only provided t h i s a c t i v i t y i s not r e s t r i c t e d to ' p o l i t i c a l a g i t a t i o n on an economic ba­s i s ' .".. ."Those who concentrate the a t t e n ­t i o n , observation, and consciousness of the working c l a s s e x c l u s i v e l y , or even mainly, upon i t s e l f alone, are not S o c i a l Demo­c r a t s (communists)". WHAT IS TO BE DONE

The NO and t h e RU t h i n k t h a t b u i l d i n g an a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t Vets movement r e q u i r e s an economic b a i t . There i s a b l i n d n e s s i n t h i s , because no-one c o u l d s e r i o u s l y argue t h a t most o r even a s m a l l m i n o r i t y Of th e members o f WAW/WSO are a c t i v e because o f t h e i r immediate economic i n t e r e s t s .

One c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f economism i s a f a i l u r e t o engage i n c u l t u r a l r e v o l u t i o n -t a c k l i n g t h e c u l t u r a l f o r c e s o f i m p e r i a l ­ism- sexism, s e l f - i n t e r e s t , r a c i s m , i n d i ­v i d u a l i s m , e t c . Perhaps t h i s i s why t h e RU i n f l u e n c e seems t o many WAW/WSO members t o be d e v o i d o f warmth, hiomanity, and c o l ­l e c t i v e development. What A m i l c a r Cabral s a i d about n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n and c u l t u r e a p p l i e s e q u a l l y t o s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n i n t h e oppressor n a t i o n :

..it may be seen that if i m p e r i a l i s t domination has the v i t a l need t o p r a c t i c e c u l t u r a l oppression. National L i b e r a t i o n i s n e c e s s a r i l y and act of c u l t u r e . On the b a s i s of what has j u s t been s a i d , we may consider the National L i b e r a t i o n movement as the organized p o l i t i c a l expression of the c u l t u r e of the people who are under­t a k i n g the s t r u g g l e . For t h i s reason, those who lead the movement must have a c l e a r idea of the value of the c u l t u r e i n the framework of the s t r u g g l e . . . "

men t o s t r u g g l e . But i t never c a l l s on men t o combat sexism i n t h e i r own ranks. The f a c t i s t h a t t h e r e ls_ a s t r o n g and grow­i n g a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t womens' movement i n t h e US. Most women i n t h a t movement a l r e a d y understand t h e need t o a l l y w i t h men i n o r d e r t o d e f e a t US i m p e r i a l i s m . What t h e y need i s f o r m a j o r i t y male o r g a n i z a t i o n s l i k e WAW/WSO t o a c t i v e l y combat sexism and t o s u p p o r t t h e womens' movement so t h a t t h e y can u n i t e . Under RU i n f l u e n c e , however, t h i s i s o u t o f t h e q u e s t i o n .

The p o s i t i o n o f t h e NO as expressed i n WINTER SOLDIER would make us b e l i e v e t h a t i t i s more i m p o r t a n t f o r women t o s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t feminism than f o r men t o s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t sexism. We got news f o r the NO; i t i s n ' t feminism t h a t has supported I m p e r i a l i s m a l l these y e a r s . I f WAW/WSO i s not a n t i - s e x i s t , t h e n i t I s not a n t - l m p e r i a l l s t . NATIONAL CHAUVINISM vs INTERNATIONALISM

S t a r t i n g as a pure w h i t e group, t h e RU has a t t e m p t e d t o i n t e g r a t e i t s way t o l e a d e r s h i p over n o t o n l y the w h i t e movement but a l s o over the TW movements VJhile t h e y b e l i e v e t h a t v e t e r a n s , f o r example, should o r g a n i z e independant-l y , t h e y oppose Independant Black o r Brown groups. Most r e c e n t l y the RU l i n e has been c l e a r l y exposed i n Bos­t o n as the RU takes up the c r y a g a i n s t the b u s i n g o f Black school c h i l d r e n t o segregated w h i t e schools-- w h i l e s u p p o r t i n g b u s i n g and i n t e g r a t i o n i n p r i n c i p l e (?) and a t t a c k i n g n a t i o n a l ­ism as the main d e v i a t i o n i n t h e rev­o l u t i o n a r y movement! Shades o f PL!

A f t e r s i x years o f e x i s t e n c e the RU I s s t i l l almost t o t a l l y w h i t e , w i t h u n d e r s t a n d a b l y poor r e l a t i o n s t o most TW o r g a n l E a t i o n s I n the US.

I n VVAW/WSO t h i s has s e r i o u s i m p l i ­c a t i o n s . I f one l o o k s t h r o u g h the past S i x months o f WINTER SOLDIER, no e v i ­dence w i l l be found t h a t B lack, Chicano, o r N a t i v e American l i b e r a t i o n movements even e x i s t i n the US, much l e s s t h a t t h e y a r e a c t i v e l y supported by some WAW/WSO cha p t e r s .

I n San Jose, C a l i f o r n i a , t h e WAW/ WSO chapter has b u i l t c l o s e a l l i a n c e s w i t h groups i n the Chicano movement thro u g h work i n a " C o a l i t i o n A g a i n s t Racism". Several chapter members are a c t i v e p a r t i c i p a n t s i n a lar g e mass

IVo Bain sispects of the econonlst p o s i ­t i o n i n WAW/WSO are i t s f a i l u r e t o d e a l w i t h sexism and i t s r a c i s t p o s i t i o n t o ­wards n a t i o n a l movements w i t h i n t h e US. These are e x p l a i n e d f u r t h e r below. FAILURE TO FIGHT SEXISM

The seventh o b j e c t i v e o f WAW/WSO reads i n p a r t as f o l l o w s : "7. Resolved to f i g h t sexism, to show that sexism plays a major part i n promoting war. We must show Amer­i c a n s our s o c i e t y i s permeated by sexism, which f o r c e s an i n f e r i o r s t a t u s on women, reducing them to subservient sexual o b j e c t s , and which robs both men and women of t h e i r natural growth."

A survey o f t h e l a s t year o f WINTER SOL­DIER does n o t t u r n up a s i n g l e a t t a c k on sexism. The new n a t i o n a l program does n o t even mention t h e word o r t h e concept. The March, 1974 c e n t e r f o l d on I n t e r a n t i o n a l Women's Day r e f l e c t s t h e RU l i n e , and i s an i n s u l t t o t h e womens' movement and a v i o l a t i o n , o f t h e 7 t h o b j e c t i v e . I t a g a i n f a i l s t o mention t h e word o r concept o f sexism. The l a s t womens' s t r u g g l e mentioned i n i t s h i s t o r y happened i n 1909. Again and a g a i n i t r e p e a t s t h a t women must u n i t e w i t h

group, mostly Chicrno, i n c l u d i n g some Chicano v e t e r a n s . There has been no reason t o r e c r u i t these v e t s because i t has been c l e a r t h a t t h e i r oppres­s i o n as Chicanes i s p r i m a r y . When Chlcanos move as v e t e r a n s , they move i n n a t i o n a l forms, such as GI Forum

How does the new N a t i o n a l Program propose t o r e l a t e t o TW veterans? I t d e c l a r e s t h a t WAW/WSO, a w h i t e o r g ­a n i z a t i o n , s h a l l become m u l t i - n a t i o n ­a l through a f i g h t f o r economic i s s ­ues l i k e b e t t e r b e n e f i t s and j o b s f o r a l l . They p r e d i c t t h a t t h i s w i l l "win o v e r " TW ve t e r a n s t o WAW/WSO When the NO t a l k s about the VA i n WINTER SOLDIER, however, th e y don't deal w i t h t h e s p e c i f i c c o n d i t i o n s o f TW ve t e r a n s (See Sept-Oct 1974 and January 1975 I s s u e s ) . I n t h e November, 1974 cen­t e r f o l d on m i l i t a r y o p p r e s s i o n t h e y say, "The o n l y s o l u t i o n t o t h i s problem ( r a c i s m ) i s t h r o u g h t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h a t the common enemy o f b o t h T h i r d World and w h i t e GIs has no c o l o r a t a l l . US i m p e r i a l i s m i s t h e system t h a t we

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P u e r t o Rico(Prensa Popular and Peoples* T r a n s l a t i o n S e r v i c e ) - The n a t i o n a l l i b ­e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e o f t h e Puerto Rican peo­p l e has made g r e a t s t r i d e s s i n c e October. Over 16,000 people jammed New York's Ma­d i s o n Square Garden i n a r a l l y demanding independence f o r Puerto Rico and freedom f o r f i v e p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r s h e l d s i n c e t h e e a r l y f i f t i e s . The f e a t u r e d speak­e r was Juan M a r l Bras, s e c r e t a r y g eneral o£ the Puerto Rican S o c i a l i s t P a r t y . Speakers o f a l l d i f f e r e n t n a t i o n a l i t i e s r e p r e s e n t i n g many d i f f e r e n t p o l i t i c a l groups gave t h e i r support t o the Puerto Rican s t r u g g l e f o r independence.

Since October a group known as the Armed Forces f o r Puerto Rican N a t i o n a l L i b e r a t i o n have c a r r i e d on a bombing campaign . I n general t h e i r t a r g e t s have been c o r p o r a t e g i a n t s o f U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m . One o f t h e i r t a r g e t s , which have been c a r r i e d out m o s t l y i n t h e W a l l S t r e e t area, k i l l e d some business men a t l u n c h . They have a l s o c a r r i e d o u t a t t a c k s i n Puerto Rico.

I n l a t e December i t was announced t h a t 11,000 U.S. s o l d i e r s are b e i n g t r a n s f e r e d from West Germany t o Puerto Rico t o r e i n f o r c e t he l o c a l N a t i o n a l Guard,

I n a l e t t e r t o the U n i t e d N a t i o n s , Carmen Lopez, r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the Puerto Rican S o c i a l i s t P a r t y , denounced t h e i n c r e a s i n g r e p r e s s i o n c a r r i e d out by t h e U.S. i n her c o u n t r y . C a l l i n g f o r an end t o the U.S. c o l o n i a l d omination I n Puerto R i c o , she s t a t e d : "Tens o f thousands o f workers have a l r e a d y been I l l e g a l l y a r r e s t e d . The o b j e c t i v e o f t h e U.S. government i s t o d e s t r o y t h e workers' Movement, and i n p a r t i c u l a r , tb« Puerto Rican S o c i a l i s t P a r t y . "

* RIOT TACTICS Los Angeles- The c h i e f o f t r a i n i n g f o r t h e L.A. p o l i c e department announced e a r l y t h i s year t h a t they a r e p r e p a r i n g f o r food r i o t s . I n a statement t h a t was l a t e r denied by t h e c h i e f o f p o l i c e , he s t a t e d t h a t t h e y were p o s i t i v e t h a t food r i o t s would occur. He s t a t e d t h a t t h e i r men were h a v i n g d i f f i c u l t y t r a i n i n g be­cause they expected the r i o t s ' t o be d i f ­f e r e n t than e i t h e r t he a n t i - w a r r i o t s o r race r e b e l l i o n s t h a t they were used t o .

T r a i n i n g o f t h i s type when combined w i t h t h e I n c r e a s e i n murderous SWAT, STRESS, and ZEBRA teams, and the c i t y w a r f a r e t r a i n i n g programs t h a t many po­l i c e departments are r e c e i v i n g c l e a r l y shows t h a t t h e bourgoise has decided t o d e a l w i t h t h e r e s i s t a n c e t o the new de­p r e s s i o n w i t h massive m i l i t a r y r e p r e s s i o n . I t i s the d u t y o f r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s t o pr e ­pare f o r the new p o l i c e t a c t i c s w i t h a new l e v e l o f t a c t i c s o f t h e i r own a t b o t h t h e mass and sma l l group l e v e l .

• ANTI-WAR

I n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , Ford made a request f o r an a d d i t i o n a l $300 m i l l i o n f o r Thieu and another $250 m i l l i o n f o r Lon Nol regime i n Cambodia, The I n d o c h i n a war s i n c e t h e c e a s e f i r e has a l r e a d y c o s t American people $800 m i l l i o n .

A t t h e same t i m e , t h e Pentagon sent t h e c a r r i e r Midway, the E n t e r p r i s e and t h e C o r a l Sea towards t h e Tonkin G u l f and t h e I n d i a n Ocean. Several marine u n i t s were prepared f o r l a n d i n g and l e a v i n g US bases i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s .

These a c t i o n s have r e v i v e d a s t r o n g Vietnam a n t i - w a r movement among t h e people o f America. Demonstrations marking t h e second a n n i v e r s a r y t o o k p l a c e across t h e c o u n t r y . At t h e White House i n Washington D.C. some 3000 h e l d a c a n d l e l i g h t r a l l y . I n San F r a n c i s c o , t h e Vietnam Veterans A g a i n s t t h e War h e l d a d e m o n s t r a t i o n I n ­s i d e t h e South Vietnamese Consulate. Tac­t i c a l squad p o l i c e went w i l d a t t a c h i n g d e m o n s t r a t o r s , news r e p o r t e r s and passers by. Seventeen were a r r e s t e d and s e v e r a l people i n j u r e d s e r i o u s l y by the p o l i c e ,

Many B l a c k news r e p o r t e r s and Con­gressmen have d e l i e v e r e d e d i t o r i a l s and speeches denouncing US support o f d i c t a ­t o r s h i p s and puppet governments. They p o i n t out t h a t t he b i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s poured i n t o I n d o c h i n a , s o u t h e r n A f r i c a , e t c , i s t h e r e a l cause o f I n f l a t i o n a t home. They and o t h e r s have c a l l e d f o r the end o f a i d t o Thieu and t h e use o f those funds f o r j o b programs a t home.

•UNEMPLOYMENT

Washington- The Labor Department announ­ced t h a t unemployment w i t h i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s had reached the 8.2% l e v e l . T h i s i s the h i g h e s t l e v e l o f unemployment s i n c e 1941. By government f i g u r e s over seven m i l l i o n workers a r e out o f work. The government f i g u r e s a r e h i g h l y i n a c ­c u r a t e . They do not count people who have been out o f work over a year, who have g i v e n up l o o k i n g f o r work o r who have never h e l d a j o b b e f o r e . A l s o these f i g u r e s do n o t i n c l u d e those who work as l i t t l e as one o r two days a week.

Unemployment f i g u r e s have reached d e p r e s s i o n l e v e l s i n Black and Brown communities. Unemployment o f f i f t y per­cent and over are no l o n g e r uncommon. The r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement must a t t a c h t h e h i g h e s t p r i o r i t y t o o r g a n i z i n g wor­k e r s who a r e employed and unemployed. We must s e i z e the time, pay a t t e n t i o n t o t h e needs o f t h e masses and serve t h e i r s t r u g g l e s .

•MENOMINEES

Keshena Wisconsin- On January 1, m i l i ­t a n t n a t i v e Americans from t h e Menominee W a r r i o r S o c i e t y t o o k over an abandoned monastary i n Keshena, The A l e x i a n Bro-t e r s are t h e r e l i g i o u s o r d e r t h a t "owned" t h i s b u i l d i n g and l a n d . The S o c i e t y s a i d i t would h o l d t he monastery u n t i l t h e A l e x i a n s t u r n e d i t over f o r a school and h o s p i t a l . They h e l d t he monastery over a month a g a i n s t p o l i c e and N a t i o n a l Gruard t r o o p s . They n e g o t i a t e d a s e t t l e ­ment t u r n i n g t he monastery t o the Menom-in e e s . However a l l t h e w a r r i o r s were a r r e s t e d .

To t u r n t h i s a c t i o n i n t o a complete peoples' v i c t o r y , we must f r e e t he N a t i v e American p r i s o n e r s o f war I LONG LIVE THE NATIVE AMERICAN LIBERATION STRUGGLE:

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The f i r s t s u c c e s s f u l use o f the Sherman A n t i - T r u s t A c t as a r e p r e s s i v e d e v i c e a g a i n s t workers o c c u r r e d a t t h e end o f y e t another g r e a t s t r i k e wave b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e 1892 Homestead S t e e l S t r i k e i n which 16 workers were k i l l e d by m i l i t i a , and ending w i t h t h e Pullman s t r i k e o f 1894 i n which Chicago was p l a c e d under m a r t i a l law.

F o l l o w i n g World War I , massive g e n e r a l s t r i k e s h i t S e a t t l e and t h e New England t e x t i l e r e g i o n s . S t r i k e s para­l y z e d t h e i n d u s t r i a l h e a r t o f America, from t h e Chicago r a i l w a y s t r i k e t o the s t e e l and c o a l s t r i k e s o f P i t t s b u r g h . T h i s postwar s t r i k e wave was c h a r a c t e r i z ­ed by an i n c r e a s i n g number o f w i l d c a t s t r i k e s due t o t h e g r a d u a l t r a n s i t i o n o f t h e p r e v i o u s l y m i l i t a n t t r a d e - u n i o n movemnt t o one dominated i n c r e a s i n g l y by business unionism ( t h a t i s , a workers movement based on c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g and acceptance o f t h e wage system under c a p x t a l l s t c o n t r o l ) . FDR--SAVIOR OF CAPITALISM

I t was t h i s l o n g and bloody h i s ­t o r y as a background, t h a t t he " p r o g r e s ­s i v e " laws o f t h e New Deal were enacted.

I t was a l s o t h e t i m e o f t h e g r a v e s t economic c r i s i s t h a t c a p i t a l i s m had y e t f a c e d , the era o f t h e Great Depression which was I n t e r n a t i o n a l i n scope. U n l i k e o t h e r depressions(1873, 1884, 1893, 1906, and 1921) t h e Great Depression o f 1929 was t h e l o n g e s t and most widespread. I t reached i n t o a l l areas o f t h e economy. I n d u s t r i a l p r o d u c t i o n dropped t o 50% o f p r e v i o u s l e v e l s as an e s t i m a t e d 12-17 m i l l i o n people were l e f t unemployed by 1933.

Workers bore t h e b r u n t o f t h e savage e f f e c t s o f t h e d e p r e s s i o n as wage c u t s dropped average e r a r n i n g s t o 45% o f what t h e y had been. Food, c l o t h i n g and o t h e r n e c e s s i t i e s were l e f t r o t t i n g i n warehouses as m i l l i o n s t a r v e d , because t h e y c o u l d n o t be s o l d f o r a p r o f i t .

W i t h t h e c a p i t a l i s t system on the b r i n k o f d i s a s t e r , w i t h armed r e v o l u t i o n a p o s s i b i l i t y a f t e r t h r e e l o n g years o f s u f f e r i n g by the people o f t h e U.S., a "New D e a l " was p r o c l a i m e d i n 1932, Roosevelt was ushered i n t o o f f i c e amidst much f a n f a r e . I t s purpose, t o save c a p i t a l i s m , was exposed i n an i n t e r v i e w w i t h a j o u r n a l i s t t h a t y e a r . Roose­v e l t r e p eated what he was t o l d by a r a i l r o a d magnate t h a t " t h e men were t a l k t a l k i n g r e v o l u t i o n . " TO BE CONTINUED I N THE NEXT ISSUE

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Cont. from page 10 SELF DEFENSE

mass and armed s t r u g g l e . As the masses r i s e t o h i g h e r forms o f s t r u g g l e , r e v o l u ­t i o n a r i e s must be i n the vanguard a t t e m p t ­i n g to g i v e d i r e c t i o n and science t o t h e masses' e f f o r t s . We must be doing s e l f -defense work i n T h i r d World communities and economic o r g a n i z i n g i n a l l communi­t i e s . We cannot t a i l t h e masses when they make leaps t o new forms o f s t r u g g l e . As Le n i n s t a t e s we must l e a r n from t h e mas­ses, "Marxism demands an a t t e n t i v e a t t i ­tude t o the mass s t r u g g l e i n p r o g r e s s , which, as the movement develops, as t h e c l a s s consciousness o f t h e masses grows, as economic and p o l i t i c a l c r i s e s become a c u t e , c o n t i n u a l l y g i v e s r i s e t o new and more v a r i e d methods o f defense and a t t a c k , Marxism, t h e r e f o r e , p o s i t i v e l y does n o t r e j e c t any form o f s t r u g g l e . Under no circumstances does Marxism c o n f i n e i t s e l f to the forms o f s t r u g g l e , unknown t o the p a r t i c i p a n t s o f a g i v e n p e r i o d , i n e v i t a ­b l y a r i s e as t h e g i v e n s o c i a l s i t u a t i o n changes. I n t h i s r e s p e c t Marxism l e a r n s , i f we may so express I t , from mass prac­t i c e , and makes no c l a i m whatever t o teach t h e masses forms o f s t r u g g l e i n ­vented by ' s y s t e m a t i z e r s ' i n the s e c l u -

"No one who thinks of himself as a human being, as a revolutionary, can go to bed at night with a clear conscience if he has not taken some action on behalf of Vietnam.'

-Che

WAW WSO Cont. from page 3

are a l l s t r u g g l i n g a g a i n s t , a n d . i t i s t h i s common form o f o p p r e s s i o n t h a t we a l l share t h a t should be the b a s i s f o r u n i t y . " (emphasis added).

This i s c l e a r l y I n c o r r e c t . I t shows how econoaisoi i n the oppressor n a t i o n turns out to be n a t i o n a l chauvinism The r u l i n g c l a s s o f US i m p e r i a l i s m has a c o l o r - i t ' s w h i t e . White people i n the US are an oppressor n a t i o n - - B l ack, Brown, and o t h e r peoples are oppressed n a t i o n s and n a t i o n a l i t i e s . The oppres­s i o n o f w h i t e and TW GIs are q u a l i t a ­t i v e l y d i f f e r e n t .

For a 997o w h i t e o r g a n i z a t i o n l i k e WAW/WSO i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m must mean opposing i m p e r i a l i s m w i t h i n t h e borders Of t h e US as w e l l as w i t h o u t . Other­wise " a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s m " i s a sham, and Otherwise WAW/WSO cannot expect sup-p o r t or a l l i a n c e , much l e s s r e c r u i t s , from T h i r d World communities. BUILDING THE ANTI-IMPERIALIST CAUCUS

The AIMF i n WAW/WSO cannot be a p u r e l y " r e a c t i o n a r y " f o r c e - r e a c t i n g t o the RU presence. H o p e f u l l y , the RU i n v a s i o n w i l l serve as a c a t a l y s t t o the s i s t e r s and b r o t h e r s i n the AIMF to improve t h e i r work through a h i g h e r degree o f o r g a n i z a t i o n and i d e o l o g y . The w h i t e r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement needs the s t r e n g t h and c l a r i t y which can r e ­s u l t i f the advanced members o f t h e A AIMF develop c o l l e c t i v e s , c o o r d i n a t e t h e i r p r a c t i c e and t h e o r e t i c a l d e v e l ­opment, u n i t e w i t h o t h e r f o r c e s i n the w h i t e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t movement f i g h t ­i n g f o r s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n , a l l y i n g c l o s e l y w i t h TW l i b e r a t i o n f o r c e s

Though no p o l i t i t r a l l i n e has y e t been f i r m l y e s t a b l i s h e d , t h e o u t l i n e s a r e b e g i n n i n g t o come c l e a r . While t h e r e I s no o p p o s i t i o n t o b u i l d i n g t h e v e t s and GI movements, t h e AIMF i n t e n d s t o do so w h i l e r a i s i n g p o l i t i c a l de­mands such as support o f l i b e r a t i o n movements, combatting sexism, support­i n g t h e Vietnamese, e t c . I t i s p a r t i c ­u l a r l y c l e a r t h a t t h e AIMF can u n i t e around t h e ideas t h a t as a w h i t e male dominated group t h e y must f i g h t racism and support TW l i b e r a t i o n movements f i g h t sexism and support t h e womens' movement t o b u i l d u n i t y and t h a t t h e economism o f the RU must be d i s c r e d i t ­ed and dumped. We c a l l on our s i s t e r s and b r o t h e r s i n the r e v o l u t i o n a r y mo­vements t o support t h e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f o r c e s i n WAW/WSO.

s l o n o f t h e i r s t u d i e s . " Besides r e c o g n i z i n g t h a t r e v o l u t i o n ­

a r y v i o l e n c e i s an i n e v i t a b l e o u t g r o w t h o f p o l i t i c a l / e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s and t h e s t r u g g l e s o f t h e masses. R e v o l u t i o n a r i e s must understand t h a t c l a n d e s t i n e work i s an a r t which must be l e a r n e d . L e n i n s t a t e s t h a t , " . . . i t i s a p p r o p r i a t e and e s s e n t i a l f o r a M a r x i s t t o assess t h e t e c h n i c a l s i d e o f t h e s t r u g g l e , t h e t e c h ­n i c a l q u e s t i o n s which a r i s e i n i t s course. To r e c o g n i z e a d e f i n i t e form o f s t r u g g l e and n o t t o r e c o g n i z e t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r s t u d y i n g i t s t e c h n i q u e i s l i k e r e c o g n i z ­i n g t h e n e c e s s i t y o f t a k i n g p a r t i n par ­t i c u l a r e l e c t i o n s w h i l e I g n o r i n g t h e law which l a y s down t h e t e c h n i q u e o f these e l e c t i o n s , " Armed groups such as t h e Black L i b e r a t i o n Army and t h e Weather Underground have r e p e a t e d l y s t a t e d t h a t t h e y have no i l l u s i o n s about t h e i r l e v e l o f s t r u g g l e become p r i m a r y . I t i s meta­p h y s i c a l t o b e l i e v e t h a t w i t h o u t p r e ­p a r a t i o n we w i l l be ready f o r new forms o f s t r u g g l e . P r a c t i c e has always been th e most d i r e c t t e a c h e r . L e n i n a g a i n , " M i l i t a r y t a t i c s depend on the l e v e l o f m i l i t a r y t e c h n i q u e . T h i s p l a i n t r t r u t h Engels demonstrated and brought home t o a l l M a r x i s t s . M i l i t a r y t e c h ­n i q u e today i s n o t what i t was i n the mi d d l e o f t h e 19th c e n t u r y I t would

be f o l l y t o contend a g a i n s t a r t i l l e r y i n crowds and defend b a r r i c a d e s w i t h r e v o l v e r s . " George Jackson and L e n i n j o i n t l y sum up t h e need t o l e a r n t h e a r t o f people's war;"No argument has any substance i f i t c o n f l i c t s w i t h t h e ob­j e c t i v e c o n d i t i o n s , t h e c l e a r , i n c o n t -t r o v e r t i b l e f a c t s . I n our case, these f a c t s can be read from t h e n a t i o n ' s da-l l e s - i n t h e o b i t u a r y s e c t i o n . Blacks who s e r i o u s l y advocate r e v o l u t i o n a r e k i l l e d . Blacks who a t t a c k p r o p e r t y r e ­l a t i o n s a r e s l a t e d f o r t h e graveyard o r t h e p r i s o n camp. I t ' s a n a t i o n a l c u l t r u a l t r a d i t i o n . Since these are t h e f a c t s , i t f o l l o w s t h a t : ' A n oppressed c l a s s which does n o t s t r i v e t o l e a r n t o use arms, t o a c q u i r e arms, o n l y de­serves t o be t r e a t e d l i k e s l a v e s . We cannot f o r g e t u n l e s s we become bour­geois p a c i f i s t s o r o p p o r t u n i s t s , t h a t we are l i v i n g i n a c l a s s s o c i e t y , t h a t t h e r e i s no way out o f t h i s s o c i e t y , and t h e r e can be none, except by means o f t h e c l a s s s t r u g g l e . I n eve r y c l a s s s o c i e t y , whether i t i s based on s l a v e r y , serfdom o r as a t p r e s e n t , on wage l a b o u r t h e o p p r e s s i n g c l a s s i s armed'.(George Jackson q u o t i n g L e n i n ) " . I n t h e f u t u r e i t can be s a i d t h a t r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s who s u r v i v e w i l l be those t b a t can shoot

^ t ^ a ^ h ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ R e p r i n t e d from SIN CADENAS, a n e w s l e t t e r p u b l i s h e d by the Commltte t o Free Los Tres

SAXBE ACCUSATIONS DENOUNCED BY C.A.S.A.

A c a l l t o u n i t y , t o r e s i s t the r a c i s t r h e t o r i c and t a c t i c s o f the govern­ment, was made by CASA Hermandad de Trabajadores i n a press conference h e l d l a s t week. T h i s was i n response t o statements made by A t t o r n e y General W i l ­l i a m B. Saxbe who s t a t e d t h a t the p r e ­sence o f undocumented workers c o n s t i t u t e s a 'severe n a t i o n a l s c r i s i s ' . S i n g l i n g o ut Mexlcano wo r k e r s , Saxbe c a l l e d f o r the a r b i t r a r y and anti-human d e p o r t a t i o n o f one m i l l i o n undocumented workers as the s o l u t i o n f o r the p r e s e n t economic c r i s i s .

The f a l s e a c c u s a t i o n s made by Saxbe are a t t e m p t s by the government t o d i v i d e a l l w o r k e r s , p l a c i n g the blame f o r the I n f l a t i o n a r y c r i s i s on one s e c t o r o f the w o r k i n g c l a s s . Saxbes' s t a t a n e n t s serve t o d i v e r t a t t e n t i o n from the r e a l cause o f the n a t i o n a l economic c r i s i s : government p o l i c i e s and the p r a c t i c e s o f m u l t i n a t i o n a l cor­p o r a t i o n s .

GOVERNMENT ATTEMPT TO DIVIDE WORKERS COUNTERED Saxbe s a i d t h a t undocxjmented workers h o l d m i l l i o n s o f j o b s , b u t no group of workers can cause unemployment, which i s s o l e l y the r e s u l t o f p r o d u c t i o n cutbacks used t o p r o t e c t c o r p o r a t e p r o f i t s i n times o f economic i n s t a ­b i l i t y .

He cla i m s t h a t undocumented workers d r a i n s o c i a l s e r v i c e s funds. I n f a c t , these workers do pay f e d e r a l , s t a t e , and muni­c i p a l taxes i n the form o f paycheck ded­u c t i o n s , r e n t s , and s a l e s t a x e s , b u t do no t c o l l e c t b e n e f i t s o f these payments as o t h e r workers do.

Saxbe a l s o c a l i m s t h a t undocumented workers send m i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s t o t h e i r home c o u n t r i e s a n n u a l l y . Con­s i d e r i n g t h e h i g h c o s t o f l i v i n g (one o f t h e h i g h e s t i n the w o r l d ) and the low wages ( e s p e c i a l l y amongst immi­g r a n t w o r k e r s ) i t . i s c l e a r t h a t t h i s i s i m p o s s i b l e . On the c o n t r a r y , t h e r e i s an I n f l o w o f w e a l t h i n t o t h e US because o f t h e p i r a t i n g p r a c t i c e s o f m u l t i ­n a t i o n a l c o r p o r a t i o n s w hich d r a i n the n a t u r a l resources o f L a t i n America and o t h e r c o u n t r i e s .

The p o l i c y adopted by d i r e c t o r s o f t h e U n i t e d Farm Workers r e f l e c t t h e t r a d ­i t i o n a l r a c i s t p o l i c y o f the AFL-Clo l e a d e r s h i p . These f a l s e l e a d e r s o f l a b o r openly agree w i t h t h e government and a t t a c k a s e c t o r o f the w o r k i n g c l a s s .

Workers are workers r e g a r d l e s s o f n a t i o n a l o r i g i n , c u l t u r e , or s k i n c o l o r

any attempt t o d i v i d e workers serves the p r o f i t I n t e r e s t s o f b i g b u s i n e s s , b i g c o r p o r a t i o n s , and n o t wo r k e r s . H i s ­

t o r i c a l l y , d e p o r t a t i o n have n o t s o l v e d any o f the r e c u r r i n g US economic c r l s -ses. D e p o r t a t i o n s have proven t o be an inhumane p r a c t i c e w hich I g n o r e s the c i v i l and human r i g h t s o f immigrant workers. T h i s i s a government p o l i c y designed to provoke a n t i - i m m i g r a n t f e e l i n g s , and more p a r t i c u l a r l y , a n ti-Mexicano and L a t i n o f e e l i n g s which d i v i d e w o r k i n g people.

A t t o r n e y General Saxbes' statements amount t o p l a c i n g L a t i n o s i n the h i s t o r ­i c a l l y used r o l e o f scapegoats f o r big business. T h i s i s a r o l e we must r e ­s i s t and combat.

AN INJURY TO ONE, IS AN INJURY TO ALLI

JEffllHKDSD GENERAL DE ̂ f rarniJH

"THE PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO DESTROY THOSE FORCES WHICH THREATEN THEIR SURVIVAL."

The Vietnamese people have

shcnjn their aourage many times

in the battlefield. "When

you are ready to die fof your

fpeedm, the threat of death

no longer intimida­

tes you." NVA recruit.

"Better to die on my feet than

to live the. rest of my life

on my knees." Emiliano Zapata.

FROM THE EDITORS OF SEIZE THE TIME

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SEIZE THE TIME

BREAK DE CHAINS REPRINTED FROM GARY LAWTON DEFENSE COMMITTEE GARY

L A W T O N HISTORY

Almost f o u r years ago, two w h i t e po­l i c e o f f i c e r s were s l a i n i n v/hat o f f i c ­i a l s i n R i v e r s i d e , Ca. have termed "the aaibush s l a y i n g s " . Racism and p o l i t i c a l r e p r e s s i o n have been a con t i n u o u s way o f l i f e for an outspoken Black man, Gary Lawton, framQd f o r thQ arlmg.

Gary Lawton i s an o u t s t a n d i n g f i g h t e r i n the m i n o r i t y community, b r i n g i n g to l i g h t t h e o p p r e s s i o n and oppressors ,of the community. He helped i n t h e s o t t i n g up of boycotts o f r a c i s t businesses. Black M o r i t o r i u m s around I n d o c h i n a , and p o l i c e m o n i t o r i n g . A f t e r t he s l a y i n g s he v o l u n ­t a r i l y took t h r e e l i e d e t e c t o r tests.These t e s t s proved he was no t i n v o l v e d i n the ambush. Yet, on May 19, 1971, Gary was a r r e s t e d and spent t h e n e x t two years i n i s o l a t i o n , s e g r e g a t i o n , and i n t h e h o l e i n t h e county j a i l .

S ix months l a t e r , two o t h e r Black men, Nehemiah Jackson (a young c o l l e g e s t u d e n t ) and Zurebe Gardner (a p a r t - t i m e s t u d e n t and worker) were a l s o charged. The f a c t that none o f t h e t h r e e men had ever met each o t h e r d i d n o t make any d i f f e r e n c e to the s t a t e .

TWO HUNG JURIES The t h r e e were t a k e n t o I n d i o , Ca. (a

de s e r t community) f o r t h e f i r s t t r i a l . A f t e r a s i x month t r i a l , the a l l w h i t e f u r y v o t ed 9 t o 3 f o r a c q u i t t a l . S i x o f the j u r o r s l a t e r signed a p e t i t i o n de­manding t h a t charged a g a i n s t t h e t h r e e be dropped, one o f t h e j u r o r s has become a c t i v e i n t h e defense and f r e e i n g o f Gary Lawton.

A second t r i a l was h e l d i n R i v e r s i d e . ^ — - -ury , as had the f i r s t , f a i l e d

lawton and Gardner. Nehemiah Jacitson d i d not stand t r i a l the second time and charges a g a i n s t him were dropped a f t e r t h e second hung j u r y .

THIRD TRIAL P r i o r t o t h e t h i r d t r i a l , charges a-

g a i n s t Zurebu Gardner f o r t h e s l a y i n g were dropped. The reason g i v e n by t h e D i s t r i c t A t t o r n e y was l a c k o f evidence. A f t e r t h r e e years o f p e r s e c u t i o n , two t r i a l s , and over a year i n j a i l , charges were dropped f o r " l a c k o f evidence".

Now t h e powers-that-be are g o i n g a f t e r Gary Lawton alone i n a desperate attempt t o c o n c e n t r a t e a l l t h e i r f i r e for a r a -c i s t c o n v i c t i o n .

Zurebu Gardner (1) and Gary Lawton ( r ) ' COMMUNITY REPRESSION

The community o f R i v e r s i d e i s n o t i s o ­l a t e d from t h e Lawton case. Somewhere between 50 and 100 w i t n e s s e s and workers f o r t h e defense have been i n t i m i d a t e d and harrassed by th e c i t y p o l i c e .

W i l l i a m Palmer i s one example. On March 17, 1971, he was shot i n the back by a member o f t h e R i v e r s i d e P o l i c e Department. As he was r e c o v e r i n g from t h i s wound, Palmer was c o n v i c t e d o f a s s a u l t on t h e o f f i c e r t h a t s h ot him. He subsequently served a year i n p r i s o n . The DA o r i g i n ­a l l y c l aimed t h a t Lawton, Gardner, and Jackson p l o t t e d and c a r r i e d o u t t h e am­

bush i n r e t a l i a t i o n f o r t h e s h o o t i n g o f Palmer. Again, n o t o n l y d i d none o f t h e t h r e e know each o t h e r , b u t none o f them knew Palmer.

A f t e r b e i n g r e l e a s e d form p r i s o n , Palmer helped w i t h some o f t h e mass work around the defense. As a consequence, i n e a r l y 1974 Palmer was again a r r e s t e d on a trump­ed up charge o£ a s s a u l t and r e s i s t i n g a-r r e s t . He was c o n v i c t e d and i s s e r v i n g a 1 t o 15 years sentence a t San Quentin.

On March 25, 1974, two days a f t e r a massive p i c k e t o f t h e c o u r t h o u s e , members of t h e R i v e r s i d e P o l i t i c a l P r i s o n e r s De­fense Committee and Vietnam Veterans A-g a i n s t t h e War/Winter S o l d i e r o r g a n i z a ­t i o n were a t t h e courthouse t o show sup­p o r t a t W i l l i a m Palmer's second " a s s a u l t " t r i a l , c h u k i a Lawton (Gary's w i f e ) and Rusty Bronaugh were b r u t a l l y a t t a c k e d when t h e y t r i e d t o q u e s t i o n p o l i c e about t h e a r r e s t o f Palmer's 1 4 - y e a r - o l d son w i t h o u t a w a r r e n t . Gardner was beaten by seven cops, Chukia was choked unconsious and a l l t h r e e were a r r e s t e d .

Since t h e n , Rusty and c h u k i a have under­gone a t h r e e week misdemeanor t r i a l , t h e l o n g e s t i n R i v e r s i d e ' s h i s t o r y , w hich ended i n a hung j u r y . T h e i r second t r i a l w i l l be i n e a r l y November. Zurebu i s sup­posed t o stand t r i a l f o r a s s a u l t on a po­l i c e o f f i c e r i n the near f u t u r e .

Another person b e i n g v i c i t m i z e d by th e frame-up i s Oscar Jarmon. He has been a r r e s t e d on a t l e a s t s i x d i f f e r e n t occa­s i o n s f o r r e f u s i n g t o k n u c k l e under t o the s t a t e i n t h e Lawton t r i a l . On one oc­c a s i o n , he was b r u t a l l y beaten by a double d u t y f l a s h l i g h t and b i l l y c l u b s . M i r a c u ­l o u s l y G u r v i u i n g a f r a c t u r e d s k u l l , he was charged w i t h f o u r counts o f b a t t e r y on a p o l i c e o f f i c e r and r e s i s t i n g a r r e s t . The n i g h t p r i o r t o t h e t r i a l , h i s home was broken i n t o by a dozen p o l i c e o f f i c ­e r s . They waved r i o t guns a t everyone p r e s e n t and kept a gun t r a i n e d on Jarmon's l i t t l e g i r l .

I n t h e Chicano Community, t h e p o l i c e have c o n t i n u e d a r e i g n o f t e r r o r w i t h t h e c o l d b l o d d e d murder o f f o u r unarmed yout h s . At the same tim e t h e community i s p e r i ­o d i c a l l y cordoned o f f and kept i n a s t a t e o f s e i g e .

A l l o f t h i s and more i s f o l l o w e d by th e c o n t i n u e d use o f t h e two p o l i c e h e l i c o p ­t e r s t h a t watch t h e community 24 hours a day. They employ t a c t i c s developed by the m i l i t a r y i n Vietnem, o b s e r v i n g t h e area and them swooping down t o "appre­hend c r i m i n a l s " . R ecently t h e swooped down and b e a t up a 16 - y e a r - o l d Black y o u t h who was a l r e a d y a r r e s t e d and hand­c u f f e d by another o f f i c e r . (They r e c e i v e d a sentence o f 30 days suspension from t h e f o r c e f o r t h e a s s u l t ) .

GOVERNMENT PROGRAM The c o n t i n u e d frame-up o f Gary and t h e

r e p r e s s i o n i n R i v e r s i d e i s n o t separate o r i s o l a t e d from t h e e n t i r e c o u n t r y , b u t i s p a r t o f i n c r e a s e d n a t i o n w i d e a t t a c k s a g a i n s t B l a c k , Chicano, N a t i v e American, Asian and w h i t e w o r k i n g people.

There was o p e r a t i o n zebra i n San Fran­c i s c o , where every Black man was stopped and searched by p o l i c e . There i s t h e c o n t i n u e d a t t e m p t by th e g o v ' t . Teamsters Union and growers t o smash-the U n i t e d Farm workers. There was the murder o f Tony W i l k i n s , who was s h o t , h a n d c u f f e d , and denied medical a i d f o r over an hour i n Los Angeles. There i s the p e r s e c u t i o n and d e p o r t a t i o n o f so c a l l e d " i l l e g a l s " i n an a t t e m p t t o d i v i d e t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s . There i s t h e decade l o n g t r i a l s o f R u c h e l l Magee i n C a l i f o r n i a and M a r t i n S o s t r e i n New York.

These are n o t i s o l a t e d nor separatee? government a t t a c k s , b u t p a r t and p a r c e l o f an o v e r a l l a t t a c k on m i n o r i t y people i n p a r t i c u l a r and w o r k i n g people i n gen­e r a l .

I n documents t h a t t h e g o v ' t was f o r c e d t o make p x i b l i c , a s t r a t e g y code named COINTELPRO was d i s c o v e r e d . I n t h e p r o ­gram, t h e FBI's s t a t e d g o a l was t o " d i s ­r u p t , m i s d i r e c t , and o t h e r w i s e n e u t r a l ­i z e " B l a c k o r g a n i z a t i o n s and " e l i m i n a t e l e a d e r s " as a brake on t h e c o n t i n u i n g Black N a t i o n a l s t r u g g l e .

A t t h e same t i m e , as t h e c r i s i s i n t h e economy i n c r e a s e s , t h e burden f o r keeping th e r i c h r i c h w i l l f a l l on a l l t h e poor

GEORGEJACKSON

S e t t l e your q u a r r e l s , come together the r e a l i t y of our s i t u a t i o n , understand i:h3t faffcistn I s already here, that people are already dying who could be saved, t h a t generations raore w i l l die or l i v e poor butchered h a l f - l i v e s i f you f a l l to a c t . T>o what trust be done, discover your humanity and your love I n r e v o l u t i o n . Pass on the t o r c h . J o i n us, give up your l i f e for the People.

and w o r k i n g p e o p l e , even more t h a n i t does now. The S t a t e knows t h i s and hopes t o i n t i m i d a t e people i n t o submissivemess and a f e a r o f f i g h t i n g back.

One t h i n g WQ have l e a r n e d i n t h e almost f o u r year s t r u g g l e t o FREE GARY LAWTON i s t h a t t h e r e i s no j u s t i c e i n t h e J u d i ­c i a l system; t h a t t h e s t a t e i s n o t a neut­r a l b y s tander i n s u r i n g e q u a l i t y , and t h a t one needs more than a good lawyer t o beat a phony charge. The reason we have come as f a r as we have, t h e reason chargos a-g a i n s t Jackson and Gardner were dropped, t h e reason Gary h i m s e l f i s s t i l l a l i v e , i s due t o t h e mass o u t r a g e and s u p p o r t o f t h e p e o p l e . Today we need t h a t sup­p o r t more than ever.

MARILYN BUCK "You must take great c a r e in how

you w r i t e about POW's. There i s a d i f ­f e r e n c e between showing comrades as p o s i t i v e examples and as martyrs. We are not martyrs. We are committed wo­men and men — committed to l i b e r a t i o n for the people. I say this because some of the l e t t e r s I got made me want to c r y . Behind the a t t i t u d e shown to­ward me as a martyr o r a poor l i t t l e white g i r l or something and t h a t i s not what I'm about. I/we are not v i c t i m s of circumstance. We have made c h o i c e s , p o l i t i c a l c h o i c e s and we are prepared to deal with the consequences of our a c t i o n s and deeds. And the war goes on... Your s i s t e r in s t r u g g l e ,

Marilyn" M a r i l y n Buck i s a w h i t e woman ac­

t i v i s t from t h e Bay Area who was named i n a grand j u r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f t h e L e f t i n 197 3. Her apartment was r a i d e d by FBI and p o l i c e i n March '73 and two boxes o f ammunition were found. M a r i l y n was charged w i t h p u r c h a s i n g ammunition under a f a l s e name and was c o n v i c t e d .

Throughout her t r i a l , M a r i l y n was l i n k e d by the p r o s e c u t i o n t o t h e Black L i b e r a t i o n Army. Because she r e f u s e d t o d i s s o c i a t e h e r s e l f from t h e Black l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e and because she r e ­fused t o p l a y upon t h e male chauvinism o f t h e j u d g e , she was sentenced by Judge C o n t i t o 15 ye a r s i n p r i s o n . When he sentenced h e r , C o n t i s a i d she was "dangerous and i n t e l l i g e n t " and t h a t he was s e n t e n c i n g her so h a r s h l y i n o r ­der t o "save someone's l i f e . "

M a r i l y n has now served n e a r l y two years i n p r i s o n . She has been a t Ter­m i n a l I s l a n d , C a l i f . , Cook County J a i l , and now a t A l d e r s o n , West V i r g i n i a .

Throughout her i n c a r c e r a t i o n t h e image o f M a r i l y n as a dangerous woman " u n f i t t o be i n p o p u l a t i o n " has been used t o keep her i s o l a t e d . She spent 6 months i n Cook County J a i l , ( a l t h o u g h she i s a f e d e r a l p r i s o n e r ) , because t h e wardens a t T e r m i n a l I s l a n d and A l d e r s o n (which are t h e o n l y women's p e n i t e n a r i e s i n t h e US)refused her. The reason t h e y gave was t h a t she was an " o r g a n i z e r . "

M a r i l y n was moved t o A l d e r s o n i n c o n t . pg 7

SEIZE THE TIME MARILYN " c o n t . from pg 6

October. At Alderson she i s i n a so-c a l l e d "behaviour t r e a t m e n t program," /This means t h a t she has no c o n t a c t w i t h t h e o t h e r women o u t s i d e o f a "th e r a p y ' group which i n c l u d e s a matron.

A l t h o u g h M a r i l y n i s Kept from hav­i n g much c o n t a c t w i t h o t h e r women i n A l d e r s o n , she m a i n t a i n s s t r o n g c o n t a c t s t h r u t h e m a i l s w i t h o t h e r p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r s a l l over the US. She a l s o w r i t e s t o people o u t s i d e , encouraging them t o support f i g h t e r s who are on t r i a l o r i n p r i s o n . M a r i l y n has a deep und e r s t a n d i n g t h a t a l l p r i s o n e r s are p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r s and she has t a k e n on r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r pushing people t o s u p p o r t them.

She has a l s o remained i n c r e d i b l y s t r o n g and c l e a r as a r e v o l u t i o n a r y , i n v o l v i n g h e r s e l f i n s t u d y o f t h e w o r l d a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n . She needs support and can r e c e i v e m a i l a t : Box A #00482 A l d e r s o n , W. V i r g i n i a 24910

A r t i c l e Donated

BOB HOOD Bob Hood, a le a d e r o f t h e East Bay

Chapter o f Vietnam Veterans A g a i n s t t h e War/Winter S o l d i e r O r g a n i z a t i o n , was a r ­r e s t e d on the n i g h t o f Fevruary 6, 1974, w h i l e a c t i n g as a w i t n e s s t o another a r ­r e s t . O f f i c e r Ted Burrows o f t h e Oakland P o l i c e Department h e l d him a t g u n p o i n t , beat him t o t h e ground, t h e n h a n d c u f f e d and searched him. When a Swiss Army k n i f e was found i n h i s p o c k e t , Bob was charged w i t h a s s a u l t i n g a p o l i c e o f f i c e r w i t h a deadly weapon, and now faces a p o s s i b l e f i v e - t o - l i f e sentence.

For almost a year, members o f WAW/ WSO i n t h e Bay Area have been s u b j e c t e d t o c o n t i n u a l FBI harassment and s u r v e i l ­l ance , r a n g i n g form phone tape t o break-i n s and house searches, as p a r t o f on­going government e f f o r t s t o provoke i n ­c i d e n t s which w i l l d i s c r e d i t t h e organ­i z a t i o n . Repeated a t t e m p t s have been made t o b u i l d a p u b l i c image o f WAW/ WSO as " v i o l e n c e - p r o n e , " and t o assoc­i a t e i t w i t h t h e SLA.

I n 1972 the government attempted t o d e s t r o y WAW/WSO w i t h t h e G a i n e s v i l l e Conspiracy T r i a l . The G a i n e s v i l l e de­fendants were a c q u i t t e d d e s p i t e t h e mas­s i v e g o v ' t e f f o r t , i n c l u d i n g t h e use o f over 200 p o l i c e i n f o r m e r s d u r i n g t h e demonstrations a t t h e Republican N a t i o n a l Convention. The Government f a i l e d w i t h t h e G a i n e s v i l l e t r i a l , as w e l l as Chicago 8, Wounded Knee and o t h e r s . The gov't has g i v e n up on t h e massive "cons­p i r a c y " t r i a l s and s t a r t e d r i p p i n g peo­p l e o f f one by one, on what appear t o be charges n o t a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p o l i t i ­c a l work. Bob Hood's t r i a l i s o n l y one of many faces by WAW/WSO members n a t i o n wide.

Bob's innocence has been proved r e ­p e a t e d l y , n o t o n l y by t h e f a i l u r e o f t h r e e o t h e r p o l i c e o f f i c e r s p r e s e n t a t t h e scene t o c o r r o b o r a t e Burrow's a l l e ­g a t i o n t h a t Hood a t t a c k e d him, b u t a l s o by a l i e - d e t e c t o r t e s t a d m i n i s t e r e d by an o f f i c i a l p o l y g r a p h e x p e r t o f t h e Oakland P o l i c e Dept. The r e s u l t s o f t h a t t e s t are p r e s e n t l y c o n s i d e r e d i n -admissablQ evidence by t h e c o u r t , d e s p i t e precedents f o r t h e i r a d m i s s a b i l i t y . More­ov e r , t h e e x t e n s i v e r e c o r d o f c o m p l a i n t s a g a i n s t Burrows f o r v i o l e n t misconduct i n t h e l i n e o f d u t y has been w i t h e l d frcm defense a t t o r n e y s ; amd they have a l s o been denied access t o evidence o f FBI s u r v e i l l a n c e o f Hood by no l e s s a f i g u r e t h a n US At t o r n e y - G e n e r a l W i l l i a m Saxbe.

The p o l i t i c a l i m p l i c a t i o n s o f Bob Hood's t r i a l go deeper than a t t a c k on WAW/WSO. The p r o s e c u t i o n ' s e n t i r e case r e s t s on hearsay i n f o r m a t i o n r e ­g a r d i n g Bob's and WAW/WSO's " l i n k s " t o t h e SLA. I t i s a f a c t t h a t Joe Remiro was a member o f WAW/WSO. I t i s t r u e t h a t Bob's house was searched on January 10, 1974, on th e simple f a c t t h a t Remiro and W i l l i e w o l f e l i v e d near Hood. The f a c t s a l s o i n c l u d e t h a t Remiro l e f t WAW/ WSO i n March, 1973. and t h a t n o t h i n g was found i n Hood's house t o l i n k him w i t h t h e SLA. Hundreds o f a c t i v i s t s i n t h e Bay Area were harrassed b o t h by the po­l i c e and FBI a f t e r t h e Hearst Kidnap. Bob Hood i s t h e o n l y one who now faces t r i a l because o f p o l i c e h y s t e r i a and newspaper a l l e g a t i o n s .

I n a movement f o r s o c i a l change, there are many d i f f e r e n t groups and d i f f e r e n t t a c t i c s are used by these groups. One of the ways t h e s t a t e d i v i d e s us i s t o g e t people a r g u i n g and h a t i n g each o t h e r because o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e s i n those t a c ­t i c s — Black people i n t h i s c o u n t r y i n p a r t i c u l a r , see t h e need to move a g a i n s t the s t a t e i n ways t h a t most w h i t e people d o n ' t . That d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e i r l i v e s i s a r e a l one, and i t i s p l a y i n g t h e mans game t o spend a l o t o f t i m e denoun­c i n g each o t h e r . Bob Hood i s n o t a mem­ber o f t h e SLA, and i s n o t connected t o i t i n any o t h e r way t h a n t h a t o f many people i n WAW/WSO, he knew Joe Remiro when he was i n the o r g a n i z a t i o n . We de-

Bob Hood and Friends

fend and s u p p o r t Bob Hood on t h e grounds t h a t he i s i n n o c e n t , and because o f t h e p o l i t i c a l work he engages i n . We w i l l n o t o f f e r a condemnation o f t h e SLA f o r t h e defense o f Bob Hood. — East Bay Chapter WAW/WSO

(not e : Bob's t r i a l ended w i t h a hung j u r y . As i n Gary Lawton's case, however, t h e S t a t e i s n o t l e t t i n g t h e charges drop. Bob's n e x t t r i a l w i l l b e g i n Maroh 10,1975)

JOANNE L I T T L E Support grows i n N o r t h C a r o l i n a f o r

Joanne L i t t l e , a 20-year o l d B l a c k wo­man scheduled t o stand t r i a l i n l a t e November f o r k i l l i n g a w h i t e guard who was t r y i n g t o rape her.

On August 27, Clarence A l l i g o o d , a guard a t t h e B e a u f o r t County J a i l i n Washington, N o r t h C a r o l i n a , was found dead. A l l i g o o d had been k i l l e d w i t h an ic e p i c k n o r m a l l y k e p t i n h i s desk draw­er . His body was naked from t h e w a i s t down except f o r h i s socks, and h i s shoes were l y i n g i n t h e c o r r i d o r o u t ­s i d e t h e c e l l .

Joanne L i t t l e , t h e occupant o f t h e c e l l , had f l e d . E i g h t days l a t e r she t u r n e d h e r s e l f i n t o s t a t e a u t h o r i t i e s i n R a l e i g h and t o l d her s t o r y .

L i t t l e had been k e p t i n t h e B e a u f o r t County J a i l f o r t h r e e months pending an appeal o f a c o n v i c t i o n f o r b r e a k i n g and e n t e r i n g . She was t h e o n l y woman i n t h e j a i l where a l l t h e guards are w h i t e males. She s t a t e d t h a t A l l i g o o d ' s d e a t h was a m a t t e r o f s e l f - d e f e n s e ; he had made sexual advances toward her once b e f o r e and on t h e n i g h t o f t h e 2 7 t h he had t r i e d t o rape her.

L i t t l e s a i d t h a t A l l i g o o d e n t e r e d her c e l l about 3 a.m., h a v i n g t a k e n h i s shoes o f f o u t s i d e t h e c e l l , and t h r e a t ­ened her w i t h an i c e p i c k . As A l l i g o o d was u n d r e s s i n g , she g o t h o l d o f t h e i c e p i c k , s t r u c k him w i t h i t s e v e r a l t i m e s and then f l e d from t h e j a i l . Sperm found on A l l i g o o d ' s c l o t h e s s u p p o r t s t h i s account.

Since she t u r n e d h e r s e l f i n , Joanne L i t t l e ' s case has begun t o a t t r a c t con­s i d e r a b l e a t t e n t i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y a-mong women i n t h e Black community. I t r a i s e s i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o n s about r a c i s m i n t h e c o u r t s and i n t h e j a i l s , about t h e t r e a t m e n t o f women i n p r i s o n and about t h e r i g h t o f women t o defend them­s e l v e s a g a i n s t rape. Over 150 people t u r n e d o u t a t a h e a r i n g on October 1 i n R a l e i g h t o s e t b a i l i n t h e murder charge a g a i n s t her.

The s t a t e ' s t r e a t m e n t o f L i t t l e has

PAGE 7

been h a r s h so f a r . W i t h Other p r i s o n e r s a w a i t i n g t r i a l , she was b e i n g h e l d un­t i l r e c e n t l y , i n t h e s o l i t a r y c o n f i n e ­ment s e c t i o n o f t h e Women's P r i s o n i n R a l e i g h . D u r i n g t h e bond h e a r i n g she was k e p t t i g h t l y shackled i n t h e c o u r t ­room so t h a t she c o u l d n o t even r i s e t o g r e e t her s u p p o r t e r s when t h e y came i n . Bond was s e t a t $100,000.

D e s p i t e t h e s u p p o r t she i s r e c e i v i n g Joanne L i t t l e ' s l a w y e r s f e e l t h e y face a d i f f i c u l t t r i a l ahead. The f i r s t p r o b ­lem i s e n s u r i n g a f a i r t r i a l . The r a c ­i a l a t t i t u d e s i n e a s t e r n N o r t h C a r o l i n a , where B e a u f o r t County i s l o c a t e d , would p r o b a b l y make a f a i r t r i a l t h e r e impos­s i b l e , so defense lawyers are t r y i n g t o have t h e t r i a l t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e c e n t r a l , o r Piedmont, s e c t i o n o f t h e s t a t e .

T h e i r f i r s t m o t i o n t o have t h e case moved has been denied because N o r t h C a r o l i n a law would o n l y p e r m i t a t r a n s ­f e r t o an a d j o i n i n g c o u n t y i n e a s t e r n N o r t h C a r o l i n a . But t h e lawyers are p l a n n i n g t o appeal t h i s d e n i a l and t o t e s t t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n a l i t y o f t h e s t a t e law.

Lawyers must a l s o d e a l w i t h L i t t l e ' s c o n v i c t i o n on charges o f b r e a k i n g and e n t e r i n g . A l t h o u g h she had wanted t o appeal t h i s charge, her p r e v i o u s lawyer had n e g l e c t e d t o f i l e a l l t h e papers f o r an appeal b e f o r e t h e t i m e a l l o w e d f o r appeals had e x p i r e d .

A c o u r t r e c e n t l y r u l e d t h a t she had l o s t her a u t o m a t i c r i g h t t o an appeal because o f t h i s , and t h a t she must be­g i n t o serve a 7-10 year sectence. How­ever, a t t h e end o f October, her p r e s ­e n t lawyers d i d succed i n g e t t i n g an e v i d e n t i a r y h e a r i n g i n t o why her appeal was n o t f i l e d .

Joanne L i t t l e ' s s u p p o r t e r s h e l d a dem o n s t r a t i o n f o r her i n f r o n t o f the Women's P r i s o n on November 16 and a l s o p r o t e s t e d c o n d i t i o n s i n s i d e . Of specia.'' concern i s t h e p r i s o n l a u n d r y where a l l o f t h e s e v e r a l hundred women p r i s o n e r s , m o s t l y B l a c k , must work. Women work i n 120 degree heat and must c a r r y v e r y heavy l a u n d r y bags up t o 175 pounds.

The mail that Joanne L i t t l e has r e ­ceived from f r i e n d l y people has been a mcijOfl f a c t o r i n keeping her going. Anyone who wishes to w r i t e to her can, at 1034 Bragg S t . , Raleigh, N.C. 27610.

Also, defense lawyers, who are work­i n g f o r f r e e , estimate that an adequate l e g a l defense w i l l c o s t at l e a s t $20,000. You can help by c o n t r i b u t i n g to the Joanne L i t t l e Defense Fund, P.O.Box 1003, Durham, N.C. 27702. - r e p r i n t e d from " T r i p l e Jeopardy", V01.4-N0.2, J a n . ^ e b . , 1975

We see, the p a t h we must take t o v i c t o r y , We hear, the f a s c i s t g i v i n g our d e a t h

s t a t i s t i c s . We f e e l , t h e s p i r i t u a l power past

w a r r i o r s d i d c l i n g . We l o v e , t h e people w i t h an i n d e s c r i b a b l e

something. We r a g e , a g a i n s t the f a k e God c l a v e ' s

g r a c e . We s t r u g g l e , today i n r e a l i t y ' s c o r r u p t

f a c e .

B e l i e v e me i f you want t o . We Are Ready!'. I Could care l e s s i f you d o n ' t , l o v e r s o f

mis e r y ! ! ! ! We s h a l l s t r u g g l e w i t h g u e r i l l a c l e v e r n e s s . Long gone past the p o l i t i c a l development.

Wait f o r tomorrow?! Die a death o f Sorrow!11

Give i n t o your rage. I t may t u r n h i s t o r y ' s l a s t c o r r u p t page And b r i n g t h e might humanity To d e s t r o y t h i s c a p i t a l i s t c a l a m i t y .

KHATARI

BREAK DE CHAINS c o n t , pg 12 A r t i c l e on Geronimo

PACE 8 SEIZE THE TIME

UNITY AND UNIFORMITY The T h i r d World S t a f f p r e s e n t s a

lon g e r v e r s i o n o f an a r t i c l e w r i t t e n by Dharuba(Richard Moore). I t was f i r s t pub­l i s h e d i n t h e August 1973 i s s u e o f t h e " R i g h t On" newspaper o f the East Coast Panthers. The a r t i c l e has become w e l l known d e s p i t e severe e d i t i n g and l i m i t e d d i s t r i b u t i o n . I t has gained a r e p u t a t i o n f o r b e i n g one o f the s t r o n g e s t a r t i c l e s on B l ack L i b e r a t i o n i n t h e past few y e a r s .

The s t a f f has two major d i f f e r e n c e s w i t h t h e a r t i c l e . A l t h o u g h t h e a u t h o r discnsses Blacks as ha v i n g t h e r i g h t t o s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n , autonomous o r g a n i z a ­t i o n and the need f o r N a t i o n a l U n i t e d F r o n t ( a s we d o ) , he co n s i d e r s Blacks w i t h ­i n t h e U.S. t o be a N a t i o n a l m i n o r i t y . We accept a l l o f t h a t but t h e c o n c l u s i o n . P r e s e n t l y we f e e l t h a t Blacks w i t h i n t h e U.S. c o n s t i t u t e a n a t i o n . Secondly, we agree w i t h t h e a n a l y s i s o f mass s t r u g g l e , armed s t r u g g l e , c l a s s c o n t r a d i c t i o n s w i t h ­i n t h e Black movement and t h e c r i s i s o f i m p e r i a l i s m , we b e l i e v e t h a t t h e mass and g u e r r i l l a f r o n t s b o t h must be l e d by a f i g h t i n g B l a c k M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y . However we agree w i t h the main t h r u s t o f th e a n a l y s i s o f t h e a r t i c l e . B u i l d t h e P a r t y l Support t h e Black L i b e r a t i o n Armyl

The q u e s t i o n o f U n i t y w i t h i n the Black L i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e i s a fundamental q u e s t i o n much discussed and preached about. Yet c o n c r e t e and r e v o l u t i o n a r y u n i t y w i t h i n t h e movement s t i l l doesn't e x i s t . Why I s t h i s ? For openers, i t can be s a i d t h a t the c o n d i t i o n s f o r i t s e x l s t a n c e are n o t r i g h t , and u n t i l the necessary c o n d i t i o n s e x i s t t h a t can f a c i l i t a t e u n i t y w i t h i n the l i b e r a ­t i o n s t r u g g l e i t w i l l remain an emotion­a l w i sh o f a c t i v l a t a i But what i s u n i t y and where does i t come from, how does i t develop?

A l l forms o f u n i t y are s i m p l y t h e r e s u l t of contradictions i n which the p r i n c i p l e , p r l a a r y , major c o n t r a d i c t i o n determines the s p e c i f i c i d e n t i t y o f the p a r t i c u l a r form o f u n i t y . U n i t y i s t h e r e f o r e t h e s t r u g g l e o f c o n t r a d i c t i o n s . To go f u r t h e r , i n the developement o f a t h i n g i t i s the i n t e r n a l c o n t r a d i c t i o n s t h a t are the b a s i s f o r change and the e x t e r n a l ( c o n d i t i o n a l ) c o n t r a d i c t i o n s t h a t are the c o n d i t i o n s o f change. Only through i n t e r - a c t i o n o f the i n t e r n a l and the e x t e r n a l does a t h i n g develop ( t h i s works b o t h ways a t the same t i m e ) . But i t i s the p r i n c i p l e c o n t r a d i c t i o n w i t h i n a t h i n g and i t s i n t e r - a c t i o n w i t h o t h e r c o n t r a d i c t i o n s t h a t g i v e s a t h i n g i t s p a r t i c u l a r c h a r a c t e r . I d e n t i t y , form e t c . U n i t y t h e r e f o r e i s a r e s u l t and consequence o f s t r u g g l e .

With t h e broad o u t l i n e j u s t g i v e n , i t can be seen t h a t w i t h i n t h e Black L i b e r a t i o n movement t h e r e a l r e a d y e x i s t s t h e b a s i s f o r a U n i t e d F r o n t , a N a t i o n a l U n i t e d F r o n t , ( t h e h i g h e s t form o f u n i t y p o s s i b l e i n a l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e ) . The d i v e r s i t y and number o f e x i s t i n g groups and o r g a n i z a t i o n s t h a t c l a i m t o s t r u g g l e I n b e h a l f o f Black people are too numerous to mention. Every i d e o l o g y i s r e p r e s e n t e d from Black Bourgeosic r e f o r m i s m t o l e f t Bourgeois n a t i o n a l i s m t o r e v o l u t i o n a r y Marxism. I s t h i s a l l n o t the b a s i s f o r a U n i t e d Front? ( y e t some b r o t h e r s and s i s t e r s mean U n i f o r m i t y when they say we need U n i t y . ) But t h i s d i v e r s i t y i s wasted and impotent w i t h o u t o r g a n i z e d armed s t r u g g l e . Without t h i s necessary i n g r e d i e n t t h e r e w i l l e x i s t no r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y r e l a t i o n s h i p o f e x i s t i n g f o r c e s , and consequently s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n as a N a t i o n a l m i n o r i t y w i l l be i m p o s s i b l e . Why do I say t h i s ? Why i s a N a t i o n a l U n i t e d F r o n t i m p o s s i b l e w i t h o u t armed s t r u g g l e , organized and c o n s l s t a n t armed s t r u g g l e ? F i r s t o f a l l , the p r i n c i p l e c o n t r a d i c t i o n i s between o u r s e l v e s and the enemy r u l i n g c l a s s and t h e i r agents. I t i s t h i s c o n t r a d i c t i o n , or s t r u g g l e w i t h the enemy t h a t determines, i n f l u e n c e s , and c o n s t r u c t our r e l a t i o n s t o each o t h e r . I t i s t h i s c o n t r a d i c t i o n t h a t determines our I n d i v i H u a l and o r g a n i z a ­t i o n r e l a t i o n s h p s amongst o u r s e l v e s . We cannot i g n o r e the oppressor as some a b s t r a c t t r i p p e r s would have us do, nor coul d we comprehend the d i a l e c t i c a l

arrangement o f e x i s t i n g f o r c e s and c r e a t i v e l y apply t h i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g t o i n t e n s i f y i n g the enemies' u n c o n f o r t a b l e s i t u a t i o n . I s i t not t r u e t h e enemy s t a t e i s i n a p r o t r a c t e d c r i s i g , e c o n o m i c a l l y , s o c i a l l y , and p o l i t i c a l l y ? (True t h e enemy s t a t e i s s t i l l vary, v e r y s t r o n g , b u t t h i s too i s t r a n s i t o r y ) . S o c i a l c r i s i s i s an o b j e c t i v e r e a l i t y t h a t a f f e c t s o b j e c t i v e c o n d i t i o n s f o r the enemy as w e l l as f o r us. But a t t h i s p o i n t i n tim e and i n the immediate p a s t , the enemy has been a l l o w e d t o ma n i p u l a t e and c o n t r o l t h i s o v e r a l l c r i s i s s i t u a t i o n f o r h i s own b e n e f i t , t h e r e b y c o n t r o l l i n g and m a n i p u l a t i n g our s t r u g g l e . I f we j u s t l o o k around us we can see apathy, dorman­cy, seeming f a t i g u e among our people. There i s o n l y a s m a l l percentage o f the p o t e n t i a l support among our people a c t u ­a l l y employed i n the s t r u g g l e , yet t h i s e x i s t s i n a c l i m a t e t h a t i s e c o n o m i c a l l y , s o c i a l l y , o r p o l i t i c a l l y u p t i g h t ' .

Why i s t h i s ? Because the enemy has faked people out o f p o s i t i o n and the movement i s i m p o t e n t . I t i s impotent because t h e r e IS no dnminant form o f S t r u g g l e w i t h the enemy t h a t can demand motion towards l i b ­e r a t i o n . We cannot view the seeming apath-y amongst our people as n o t h i n g more than what i t i s , a t r a n s i t o r y phase i n which t h e r e i s no p r i n i f p l e c o n t r a d i c t i o n t h a t a f f e c t s everyone i n and out o f the move­ment. Anyone who denies the importance o f opening up the g u e r r i l l a f r o n t denies the e x i s t e n c e o f the Black L i b e r a t i o n s t r u g ­g l e and t h e i r own a c t i v i t i e s on the mass f r o n t They w i l l condemn our s t r u g g l e f o r freedom t o an i g n o b l e end by c o n f i n i n g and impeding t he p o s i t i v e use o f i t s po­t e n t i a l f o r c e s i n a l l t h e i r d i v e r s e mani-f e s t a t i o n a . This i s the crux o f why u n i t y i s f i r e p o w e r .

There i s n o t h i n g adventurous whatsoever i n opening up a c o n s i s t e n t and org a n i z e d g u e r r i l l a f r o n t . I n f a c t i t i s a r a t i o n a l and necessary move i f we are t o achieve u n i t y and prepare o u r s e l v e s f o r the next l e v e l o f s t r u g g l e w i t h t h e enemy. The main o p p o s i t i o n t o Armed S t r u g g l e comes from the Black b o u r g e o i s i e who assume v a r i o u s guises and adopt v a r i o u s p o l i t i ­c a l l i n e s ( A b o u t which I ' l l speak l a t e r o n ) . And who a t pr e s e n t a r e the ver y ones the enemy has faked out o f p o s i t i o n ( r e v o -l u t i o n a r y development). None o f t h i s should be i n t e r p r e t e d as a c a l l f o r everyone t o rus h t o the sand bags. ( T h i s i s how the B o u r g e o i s i e puts the q u e s t i o n o f armed s t r u g g l e ) I f everyone d i d so, armed s t r u g g l e would f a l l m i s a r a b l y . For w i t h o u t the d i v ­e r s i t y and spectrum a l r e a d y i n e x i s t e n c e t h e r e c o u l d be no b a s i s f o r a thorough movement o f f o r c e s on a l l l e v e l s o f s t r u g g l e and hence i t would be i m p o s s i b l e t o d y n a m i c a l l y a f f e c t t h e a l r e a d y e x l s t -t i n g c r i s i s o f our enemy. The develop­ment o f t h i s c r i s i s i s the t a s k o f a l l p r o g r e s s i v e s , r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s and

Malcolm X and Dr. King

workers f o r i t hastens our enemies down­f a l l and our own freedom as a people. No, everyone need n o t go t o the f i g u r a t i v e sandbags. But the movement as a d i a l e c ­t i c a l whole must support the g u e r r i l l a f r o n t . C o n t r i b u t e t o i t s l o g i s t i c a l po-t e n t l a l ( a n d t hereby i n c r e a s i n g i t s e f f e c ­t i v e n e s s ) and wage t a c t i c a l s t r u g g l e s w i t h the enemy around r e l a t e d i s s u e s , t h e r e b y i n c r e a s i n g mass a c t i v i t y and con­sciousness i n d i r e c t r a t i o t o armed p o l i ­t i c a l a c t i v i t i e s .

But t h e movement f o r l i b e r a t i o n does not see armed p r o t r a c t e d s t r u g g l e as a necessary t a c t i c . Black n a t i o n a l i s t s who r a n t and rave about support f o r the armed s t r u g g l e s i n A f r i c a a g a i n s t Portuguese I m p e r i a l i s m , cannot See t h e i r way to suppor t on embryonic g u e r r i l l a f r o n t r i g h t here i n t h e i r m i d s t . For some "m y s t e r i o u s " reasons they f a i l t o see see t h e c r i s i s o f US i m p e r i a l i s m as a Whole, And consequently they do n o t r e l a t e t o the f a c t t h a t the most f a r r e a c h i n g s u p p o r t Black people here i n the US can render our b r o t h e r s and s i s t e r s i n A f r i c a i s t o open up another f r o n t a g a i n s t w h i t e r a c i s t US i m p e r i a l i s m r i g h t here i n the s t a t e s . Portuguese i m p e r i a l i s m i s a modern e x p r e s s i o n and m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f US i m p e r i a l i s m . I t can o n l y be the e x t e n s i o n Of dominant US i m p e r i a l i s m and w o r l d power. We should understand t h a t those who advocate su p p o r t f o r our A f r i c a n b r o t h e r s and s i s t e r s i n armed s t r u g g l e , and do not a c t i v e l y advocate t he same s u p p o r t f o r our Afro-American b r o t h e r s and s i s t e r s are fr a u d s - Bourgeois N a t i o n a l ­i s t s , " and have a t e r r o r i n t h e i r h e a r t s o f t h e b u l l e t s t h a t c o n v e n i e n t l y are not f l y i n g t h e i r way. There can be no p a r t i a l support f o r r e v o l u t i o n a r y armed s t r u g g l e . E i t h e r i t i s supported everywhere or i t i s not supported a t a l l .

Who among us dare say opp r e s s i o n and ex­p l o i t a t i o n should be p a r t i a l l y opposed, but t h e Black b o u r g e o i s i e , those g r e a t p o l i t i c a l o p p o r t u n i s t s whose t r a d i t i o n o f expediancy and i d e o l o g i c a l weakness have plagued t h e movement f o r so l o n g . At each stage i n the development o f our s t r u g g l e , from t h e c i v i l r i g h t s phase up u n t i l t h e p r e s e n t , l i t t l e c o n c r e t e con­s i d e r a t i o n and p r e p a r a t i o n was g i v e n t o armed s t r u g g l e . The f u r t h e s t the move­ment l e a d e r s h i p ( o v e r w e l m i n g l y bour­geois i n p e r s p e c t i v e ) would v e n t u r e was "armed s e l f defense", a t a c t i c o f l i m i t e d v a l u e i n our o v e r a l l s i t u a t i o n . T h i s myopic view s t i l l dominates today and consequently, t h e r e i s no change o f the p o s i t i o n o f f e r e e s . We've been u t t e r l y c o n f i n e d t o worn out t a c t i c s and method o f s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t the enemy. The movement has adapted i n t h i s . The v a r i o u s s t r a t a o f our people have adapted t o t h i s . The enemy has adapted t o t h i s . (But he's wise enough t o prepare f o r a new I n t e r j e c t i o n o f s o c i a l s t r e s s ) . I t seems as i f our t i m i d and moderate m i l i ­t a n t b l a c k b o u r g e o i s i e never had i n mind s t r u c t u r a l change o f the e x i s t i n g econom­i c , p o l i t i c a l and s o c i a l approaches t h a t oppresses a l l w o r k i n g c l a s s and Black and poor peoples. To ascend t o some "heaven" b u i l t by General Motors i s the v i c i o u s compromise, "Everyone wants t o get t o heaven but nobody wants t o d i e . " But nonetheless we d i e anyway, i n so many j i v e and i n s i d i o u s ways.

I n terms o f t a c t i c s and s t r a t e g y , the pragmatic a p p l i c a t i o n and consequences of opening a g u e r r i l l a f r o n t i n the US are n o t r e a l l y understood by many and by t he movement i n g e n e r a l . The v u l n e r ­a b i l i t y o f the t o t a l r u l i n g c l a s s s t r u c t u r e i s n o t r e a l l y seen because f e a r i s ever c o n s t a n t I n the ranks o f the movement. And a l l t h a t i s seen i s our seeming weakness and v u l n e r ­a b i l i t y . I f t h e f o r c e s f o r l i b e r a t i o n are weak and v u l n e r a b l e i t i s p r e c i s e l y because they have p a i d l i t t l e a t t e n t i o n to t h e r o l e o f armed r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g ­g l e , have n o t c o n t r i b u t e d t o i t s growth and development, and have n o t based t h e i r t a c t i c a l s t r u g g l e s on c o n c r e t e s t r a t e g i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , n a t i o n a l l y as w e l l as i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y . I t i s t h i s

c o n t . pg 9

SEIZE THE TIME • C E N T E R F O L D S E C T I O N ' PAGE A

ORGANIZING INTERNATIONALISM IN THE U.S.

Nations and I n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m The g r e a t e s t problem t h a t faces t h e

r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement I n America I s how to u n i f y the s t r u g g l e s o f B l a c k s , Chlca­nos, N a t i v e Americans, Puerto Ricans, A s i a n s , t h e people o f Hawaii and w h i t e workers. The borders o f t h e US were es­t a b l i s h e d by I n v a s i o n , conquest and en­slavement Of independent peoples and na­t i o n s . The legacy o f American i m p e r i a l i s m c o n t i n u e s today - a c o l o n i a l Puerto R i c o , n a t i o n a l o p p r e s s i o n , broken t r e a t i e s , r a ­cism, d i s c r i m i n a t i o n , La M l g r a ( p o l i c e ) , e t c . We can no t s i m p l y i g n o r e t h i s h i s ­t o r y and is s u e c a l l s f o r a u n i t e d w o r k i n g claee movement t o march a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l ­ism.

F i r s t , we must r e c o g n i z e the e x i s t ­ence o f n a t i o n s and oppressed n a t i o n a l i ­t i e s w i t h i n t h e US. We must r e c o g n i z e the v a l i d i t y o f n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e s and o f s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n f o r oppressed n a t i o n s . The development o f n a t i o n a l l i b ­e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e s leaves open the p o s s i ­b i l i t i e s o f n a t i o n a l i s t o r g a n i z a t i o n , i n ­dependent p a r t i e s , n a t i o n a l u n i t e d f r o n t s , secession and s t a t e s . C e r t a i n l y I t means t h a t t h e r e I s an Independent b a s i s f o r s t r u g g l e . Black people were openly r e b e l ­l i n g a g a i n s t the government and i t s arm­i e s w h i l e w h i t e s were j u s t b e g i n n i n g t o p r o t e s t an I n j u s t war i n Vietnam. The t r i a l s of N a t i v e Americans a r r e s t e d f o r t h e woupded Knee o c c u p a t i o n have opened up t h e whole area of t r e a t i e s w i t h the independent SiouK N a t i o n t h a t were broken by t h e US government. The a b i l i t y o f t h i a s t r u g g l e t o m o b i l i z e N a t i v e American people cannot be ex p l a i n e d by a s o - c a l l e d "pure" p r o l e t a r i a n a n a l y s i s . Any o r g a n i ­z a t i o n t h a t u n i f i e s a l l these movements must take i n t o account t h e i r r e l a t i v e i n ­dependence.

Second, we must embrace i n t e r n a t i o n ­a l i s m - the mutual support and a l l i a n c e of w o r k i n g people everywhere a g a i n s t cap­i t a l i s m and i m p e r i a l i s m . T h i s i s key t o r e v o l u t i o n i n America because the r u l e r s o f America are the b i g g e s t i m p e r i a l i s t s i n w o r l d h i s t o r y . T h e i r i m p e r i a l i s m c r e ­ated the d i v i s i o n o f worki n g people i n t o p r i v i l e g e d and oppressed s e c t i o n s , a l l o w -w h i t e workers t o enjoy a standard o f l i v ­i n g equal or h i g h e r than the m i d d l e c l a s s of T h i r d World n a t i o n s .

Why " I n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m " I n s t e a d Of " M u l t i - n a t i o n a l i s m "

We say " i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m " because i t s t r e s s e s an a l l i a n c e between n a t i o n s based on the e q u a l i t y o f a l l w o r k i n g peo­p l e . I n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m p l a c e s our move­ment i n the c o n t e x t o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n and M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t - M a o i s t t h o u g h t . The word " m u l t i - n a t i o n a l i s m " leaves those r e l a t i o n s h i p s u n c l e a r . I t c o u l d mean a conglomeration o f n a t i o n s . We are r e ­minded o f the " m u l t i - n a t i o n a l i s m " of US c o r p o r a t i o n s , a r e l a t i o n s h i p o f i n e q u a l ­i t y between n a t i o n s . I f t h a t r e l a t i o n s h i p i s not c l e a r l y exposed and ov e r t h r o w n , t h e n i t w i l l c o n t i n u e , even under the g u i s e o f s o c i a l i s m and even i n a ' f a u l t i -n a t i o n a l communist p a r t y , "

I n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m i n America doea im­p l y t h e r e I s a w h i t e n a t i o n . We b e l i e v e i n f a c t t h e r e i s . For a f u l l e r explana­t i o n , please read the o t h e r a r t i c l e I n t h i s c e n t e r f o l d s e c t i o n on o r g a n i a a t i o n of t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s . Recognizing t h a t w h i t e people a r e a n a t i o n does not mean t h a t t h e i r s t r u g g l e i s f o r n a t i o n a l

l i b e r a t i o n or s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n . Rather i t means t h a t w h i t e workers must use th e i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m o f wo r k i n g people t o overcome w h i t e r a c i s m , and they must a i d i n o v e r t h r o w i n g t h e i r own c a p i t a l i s t sys­tem f o r a s o c i a l i s t s o c i e t y .

O r g a n i z i n g I n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m A f t e r embracing i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m ,

t h e American r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement must f i n d t he means t o a l l y t h e v a r i o u s s t r u g ­g l e s f o r a common purpose w i t h a compre­hensive s t r a t e g y . I n e a r l i e r a r t l c l e s ( s e e Issues 3 and 4) we o u t l i n e d why we be­l i e v e t h a t Independent M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t n a t i o n a l i s t p a r t i e s a r e c o r r e c t a t l e a s t f o r t he present p e r i o d f o r c e r t a i n T h i r d World peoples w i t h i n t h e US, p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e Black N a t i o n , Puerto Rico and p o s s i ­b l y t h e Chicano movement. We a l s o s t r e s s e d

t h e need f o r c o - o p e r a t i o n between such p a r t i e s , a l l o t h e r n a t i o n a l movements and cadre o r g a n i z a t i o n s o f w h i t e workers.

That c o - o p e r a t i o n must be organized to be e f f e c t i v e . C e r t a i n areas o f work w i l l be international from the s t a r t . T h i s paper i s an example Of that co-operation i n propaganda. But i n some areas and t o f u r t h e r work i n Other a r e a s , c o - o p e r a t i o n w i l l be developed by an a l l i a n c e o f Inde­pendent o r g a n i z a t i o n s . The h i s t o r y o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n o f f e r s us some guide­l i n e s and some examples o£ I n t e r n a t i o n a l organisation,

A H i s t o r y o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l O r g a n l g a t l o n a C o u n c i l s o f C o - o r d i n a t i o n are an

i n i t i a l form o f o r g a n i z a t i o n adopted a f ­t e r v a r i o u s p a r t i e s r e c o g n i z e t h e theo­r e t i c a l and p r a c t i c a l need for c l o s e r t i e s t o advance t h e i r work i n s p e c i f i c a r e a s . I n I n d o c h i n a a c o u n c i l was needed to u n i f y L a o t i a n , Cambodian and Vietnam­ese wars o f l i b e r a t i o n and t h e i r campaigns against US i m p e r i a l i s m and i t s puppets. The p o l i t i c a l s t r u c t u r e s o f the t h r e e I n -dochina p a r t i e s remained acp a r a t e . The Council did not d i s s o l v e or l i m i t those p a r t i e s . The Co u n c i l was d i s s o l v e d even­t u a l l y , and the t h r e e p a r t i e s remain c l o s e l y a l l i e d .

I n L a t i n America, t h e C o u n c i l o f Co­o r d i n a t i o n seems t o have a broader scope. I t s d e c l a r a t i o n o u t l i n e d a common p o l i t i ­c a l s t r a t e g y f o r the c o u n t r i e s involved and c a l l e d f o r c l o s e m i l i t a r y and econo­mic c o - o p e r a t i o n . I t a l s o e n v i s i o n e d an eventually u n i t e d L a t i n American p a r t y f o r C h i l e , A r g e n t i n a , Uruguay and B o l i v i a (Spanish-speaking L a t i n A m e r i c a ) .

The t h r e e I n t e r n a t i o n a l s p r o v i d e o t h e r examples of i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i a a ­t i o n . These s t r e s s e d the I d e o l o g i c a l and p o l i t i c a l u n i t y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g c l a s s .

The F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l ( 1 8 6 4 - 1 8 7 6 ) had a General C o u n c i l based i n England. Corresponding s e c r e t a r i e s r e p r e s e n t e d t h e a f f i l i a t e d n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s on t h e General C o u n c i l , A t th e t i m e , t h e n a t i o n s represented(European) d i d not have imper­i a l i s t (dominant / c o l o n i a l ) r e l a t i o n s h i p s t o o t h e r member n a t i o n s . Marx and Engles w r o t e the Communist M a n i f e s t o as an as­signment f o r t h e F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l . The F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l spread s c i e n t i f i c so­c i a l i s m t h r o u g h o u t i t s c o n t a c t s and i n ­sured t h a t s o c i a l i s m would become a h i s ­t o r i c a l s o c i a l f o r c e . I t d i d not l i m i t i t ­s e l f t o i d e o l o g i c a l d i s c u s s i o n . P r a c t i c a l ­l y i t d i d much t o e s t a b l i s h and s t r e n g t h e n s o c i a l i s t p a r t i e s t h r o u g h o u t Europe by l e a d i n g mass wo r k i n g c l a s s movements. Thru i t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n t a c t s i t educated aid o r g a n i z e d c o n t i n e n t a l workers t o r e f u s e s t r i k e - b r e a k i n g work i n England. I n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s today we have the same prob­lem with Mexlcano workers b e i n g i m p o r t e d t o break s t r i k e s . I n s t e a d o f denouncing them as " a l i e n s " and b r i n g i n g i n t h e Im­m i g r a t i o n P o l i c e , workers i n America should have some means o£ r e a c h i n g out to Mexlcanos as a f r a t e r n a l working c l a s s , c o n v i n c i n g them t o r e f u s e s t r i k e - b r e a k i n g work and a i d i n g them i n t h e i r s t r u g g l e against US i m p e r i a l i s m i n Mexico and EchGverrla's r e a c t i o n a r y government,

The F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l c o l l a s p e d i n 1872 from v a r i o u s weaknesses, I t i n c l u d e d t o o many d i v e r s e p o l i t i c a l i d e o l o g i e s -Marxism, anarchism, p a c i f i s t s , s o c i a l -c h a u v i n i s t s , r e f o r m i s t s , e t c , ) . I t was a t once t o o d i s o r g a n i z e d t o r e a l l y l e a d the v a r i o u s s o c i a l i s t p a r t i e s and t o o i n f l e x ­i b l e t o a d j u s t t o t h e development o f s t r o n g p a r t i e a i n reaponae t o the s p e c i ­f i c c o n d i t i o n s o f d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s .

The Second T n t e r n a t i o n a l ( 1 8 8 9 - 1 9 1 4 ) from the o t a r t i n c l u d e d r c f o r m l o t a and s o c i a l - c h a u v i n i a t a as dominant f o r c e s . I t s s t r e n g t h was t h a t t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o c i a l i s t movement had broaden g r e a t l y , and many n a t i o n s not r e p r e s e n t e d b e f o r e had a v o i c e i n t h i s I n t e r n a t i o n a l , I t was an e f f o r t t o r e v i v e t h e o l d I n t e r n a t i o n a l , u n i f y i n g a l l " s o c i a l i s t s " and i g n o r i n g t h e d e f i n i t e s p l i t s i n r e v o l u t i o n a r y i d e ­o l o g y .

I t c o l l a p s e d j u s t b e f o r e WW I , I t c o u l d not agree on a s t r a t e g y a g a i n s t im­p e r i a l i s m as th e h i g h e s t stage o f c a p i t ­a l i s t s o c i e t y . I n s t e a d some " s o c i a l i s t s " went a l o n g w i t h t h e i r own b o u r g e o i s i e i n ag r e e i n g t h a t i m p e r i a l i s m would Improve t h e i r own wo r k i n g c l a s s ' s t a n d a r d o f l i v ­i n g . These ' S o c i a l i s t s " s e r v e d as m i n i s t e r s i n t he bourgeois governments and condemn­ed t h e i r own wo r k i n g c l a s s ' r e s i s t a n c e t o government r e p r e s s i o n and i m p e r i a l i s m . They urged t h e i r own w o r k i n g c l a s s t o " d e ­fend t h e i r f a t h e r l a n d ' a n d s l a u g h t e r o t h e r workers i n t h e hundreds o f thousands.

The Model o f t h e Comintern The T h i r d I n t e r n a t i o n a l o r Comintern

(1919-1935) formed i n o p p o s i t i o n t o the Second I n t e r n a t i o n a l , I t was based on th e v i c t o r y o£ th e B o l s h e v i k R e v o l u t i o n and t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f the f i r s t s o c i a l i s t s t a t e ( R u s s i a 1917). From the b e g i n n i n g , i t had c l e a r p o l i t i c a l p r i n c i p l e s : i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l i s m a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m and s o c i ­a l c hauvinism, f o r r e v o l u t i o n a g a i n s t p a c i f i s m , f o r c l a s s s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t c o l ­l a b o r a t i o n . I t was e s p e c i a l l y c l e a r on th e Importance o f n a t i o n a l - c o l o n i a l s t r u g ­g l e s i n t h e f u t u r e o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n -i n p a r t i c u l a r China. I t s d e l e g a t e s were drawn from A s i a , Europe, the Americas and A f r i c a , I t i n c l u d e d an o r g a n i z a t i o n c a l l e d t h e Negro O r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e USA, and In c l u d e d a d i s c u s s i o n o f Black people i n America i n t h e theses on th e n a t i o n a l and c o l o n i a l q u e s t i o n s .

I t was t h e most o r g a n i z e d o f a l l t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l s , I t adopted t h e "Theses On the Fundamental Tasks o f t h e Communist I n t e r n a t i o n a l ( 2 n d Congress)", The Theses were 19 p o i n t s t h a t l a i d out a comprehen­s i v e a n a l y s i s , i d e o l o g y and s t r a t e g y f o r i t s members. P o i n t s 11 and 12 are e s p e c i ­a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t ;

One o f the c h i e f causes hampering t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y w o r k i n g - c l a s s move­ment i n the developed c a p i t a l i s t coun­t r i e s i s t h e f a c t t h a t because o f t h e i r c o l o n i a l possessions and t h e s u p e r - p r o f i t s gained by f i n a n c e c a p i t ­a l , e t c . t h e c a p i t a l i s t s o f these

CONTINUED PAGE B On behalf of the L P A F , Khemtay Siphandon presents Le Duan with a US Mie sub-machlnegun captured from the enemy

ft c o u n t r i e s have been a b l e t o c r e a t e a r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e r and more s t a b l e l a ­bour a r i s t o c r a c y , a s e c t i o n which com­p r i s e s a s m a l l m i n o r i t y o f the w o r k i n g c l a s s . T h i s m i n o r i t y enjoys b e t t e r terms o f emplo3mient and I s most Imbued w i t h a narrow-minded c r a f t s p i r i t and w i t h p e t t y - b o u r g e o i s and I m p e r i a l i s t p r e j u d i c e s . I t forms t h e r e a l s o c i a l p i l l a r o f the Second I n t e r n a t i o n a l , o f t h e r e f o r m i s t s and t h e " C e n t r i s t s " ; a t p r e s e n t i t might even be c a l l e d the s o c i a l m a instay o f the b o u r g e o i s i e . No p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t f o r t h e o v e r t h r o w o f the b o u r g e o i s i e i s p o s s i ­b l e , even i n t h e p r e l i m i n a r y sepse, un l e s s an immediate, s y s t e m a t i c , ex­t e n s i v e and open s t r u g g l e i s waged a-g a l n s t t h i s s t r a t u m , w h i c h , as e x p e r i ­ence has a l r e a d y shown, w i l l no doubt p r o v i d e t h e bourgeois whlteguards w i t h many a r e c r u i t a f t e r t h e v i c t o r y o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t . A l l p a r t i e s a f f i l i ­a t e d t o the T h i r d I n t e r n a t i o n a l must a t a l l c o s t s g i v e e f f e c t t o t h e s l o ­gans: "Deeper i n t o t h e t h i c k o f t h e masses", "Closer l i n k s w i t h the mases" - meaning by t h e masses a l l those who t o l l and a r e e x p l o i t e d by c a p i t a l , p a r t i c u l a r l y those who a r e l e a s t o r ­ganized and educated, who are most op« pressed and l e a s t amenable t o o r g a n i ­z a t i o n . . . -

12. I n a l l c o u n t r i e s , even i n those t h a t a r e f r e e s t , most " l e g a l " , and most " p e a c e f u l " i n the Sense t h a t the c l a s s s t r u g g l e i s l e a s t acute t h e r e , I t I s now a b s o l u t e l y I n d i s p e n s a b l e f o r every Communist P a r t y t o s y s t e m a t i c a l ­l y combine l e g a l and I l l e g a l work, l e ­g a l and i l l e g a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s , N o t w l t h -s t a n d i n g t h e i r f a l s e and h y p o c r i t i c a l d e c l a r a t i o n s , t h e governments o f even the most e n l i g h t e n e d and f r e e s t o f c o u n t r i e s , where t h e bourgeois-demo­c r a t i c system i s most " s t a b l e " , a r e a l ­ready s y s t e m a t i c a l l y and s e c r e t l y drawing up b l a c k l i s t s o f Communists and c o n s t a n t l y v i o l a t i n g t h e i r own c o n s t i t u t i o n s so as t o g i v e s e c r e t o r semi-secret encouragement t o the w h i t e -guards and t o the murder o f Communists i o a l l c o u n t r i e s , making s e c r e t prepa­r a t i o n s f o r t h e a r r e s t o f Coomunists, p l a n t i n g agents p r o v o c a t e u r s among t h e Communists, e t c , e t c . Only a most reac­t i o n a r y P h i l i s t i n e , no m a t t e r what c l o a k o£ f i n e " d e m o c r a t i c " and p a c i ­f i s t phrases he may don, w i l l deny t h i s f a c t or t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t o f n e c e s s i t y f o l l o w s from i t , v i z . , t h a t a l l l e g a l Communist P a r t i e s must im­m e d i a t e l y form i l l e g a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r t h e s y s t e m a t i c conduct o f I l l e g a l work and f o r complete p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r t h e moment t h e b o u r g e o i s i e r e s o r t s t o p e r s e c u t i o n . I l l e g a l work i s most ne­cessary i n t h e army, navy and the po­l i c e because, s i n c e the i m p e r i a l i s t h o l o c a u s t ( V W I ) , governments the w o r l d over have begun t o stand i n dread o f people's armies which a r e open t o t h e workers and peasants, and are s e c r e t l y r e s o r t i n g t o a l l k i n d s o f methods t o se t up m i l i t a r y u n i t s s p e c i a l l y r e ­c r u i t e d from the b o u r g e o i s i e and equip­ped w i t h t h e most u p - t o - d a t e weapons,.,,

A co m b i n a t i o n o f i l l e g a l and l e ­g a l work i s an a b s o l u t e p r i n c i p l e d i c ­t a t e d , n o t o n l y by a l l f e a t u r e s o f t h e p r e s e n t p e r i o d , t h a t o f t h e eve o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a n d i c t a t o r h s i p , but a l s o by the n e c e s s i t y o f p r o v i n g t o t h e bour­g e o i s i e t h a t t h e r e i s n o t , nor can t h e r e be, any sphere o f a c t i v i t y t h a t cannot be won by the Communists; above a l l , i t i s d i c t a t e d by the f a c t t h a t broad s t r a t a o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t and even broader s t r a t a o f t h e n o n - p r o l e ­t a r i a n t o i l i n g and e x p l o i t e d masses s t i l l e x i s t everywhere, who c o n t i n u e t o b e l i e v e I n b ourgeois-democratic l e g a l i t y and whom we must undeceive w i t h o u t f a l l .

The Comintern a l s o adopted f o r m a l "Terms Of Admlsslon"(21 p o i n t s ) . These l a i d out p o l i c i e s t h a t member o r g a n i z a t i o n s must implement. Fi v e o f t h e p o i n t s t h a t we be­l i e v e t o be e s p e c i a l l y I m p o r t a n t t o t h e p r e s e n t American r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement a r e as f o l l o w s ;

3. I n c o u n t r i e s where a s t a t e o f s i e g e o r emergency l e g i s l a t i o n makes i t im­p o s s i b l e f o r Communists t o conduct t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s l e g a l l y , i t i s abso­l u t e l y e s s e n t i a l t h a t l e g a l and i l l e -

8.

g a l work should be combined. I n almosl: a l l t h e c o u n t r i e s o f Europe and Ameri­ca, t h e c l a s s s t r u g g l e i s e n t e r i n g t h e phase o f c i v i l war. I n these c o n d i ­t i o n s . Communists can p l a c e no t r u s t i n b ourgeois l e g a l i t y . They must ever­ywhere b u i l d up a p a r a l l e l i l l e g a l o r ­g a n i z a t i o n , w h i c h , a t t h e d e c i s i v e moment, w i l l be i n a p o s i t i o n t o h e l p t h e P a r t y f u l f i l i t s d u t y t o the revo-t i o n .

P e r s i s t e n t and s y s t e m a t i c propaganda and a g i t a t i o n must be conducted i n t h e armed f o r c e s , and communist c e l l s formed i n every m i l i t a r y u n i t . I n t h e main Communists w i l l have t o do t h i s work i l l e g a l l y ; f a i l u r e t o engage i n i t would be tantamount t o a b e t r a y a l Of t t i e i l r e v o l u t i o n a r y d u t y and Incom­p a t i b l e w i t h membership i n the T h i r d I n t e r n a t i o n a l .

P a r t i e s i n c o u n t r i e s whose bo u r g e o i s ­i e possess c o l o n i e s and oppress o t h e r n a t i o n s must pursue a most w e l l - d e f i n e d and c l e a r - o u t p o l i c y i n r e s p e c t o f c o l ­o n i e s and oppressed n a t i o n s . Any p a r t y w i s h i n g t o j o i n t h e T h i r d I n t e r n a t i o n ­a l must r u t h l e s s l y expose t h e c o l o n i a l m a c h i n a t i o n s o f t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s o f i t s "own" c o u n t r y , must support - i n deed, not merely i n word - every c o l ­o n i a l l i b e r a t i o n movement, demand the

SEIZE THE TIME gress) and s e t t i n g up i n v a r i o u s coun­t r i e s t e c h n i c a l and a u x i l i a r y bureaus t o a i d those p a r t i e s . The Comintern a l s o es­t a b l i s h e d p a r a l l e l s e c t i o n s f o r t r a d e u n i o n s , y o u t h and women.

We can l e a r n some v a l u a b l e lessons from t h e Comintern. I t p r o v i d e d an organ­i z a t i o n t h a t u n i f i e d t he o v e r - a l l t h e o r y and s t r a t e g y o f r e v o l u t i o n . I t i n s u r e d the p r a c t i c a l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a u n i f i e d s t r a t e g y agreed upon by a m a j o r i t y o f members. I t a l s o a l l o w e d enough autonomy so p a r t i e s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s c o u l d respond t o t h e s p e c i f i c c o n d i t i o n s o f each na­t i o n . Except i n some n o t a b l e cases, i t r e c o g n i z e d most areas i t c o u l d not d e a l w i t h c o r r e c t l y ; areas that t h e s p e c i f i c p a r t i e s needed t o a c t on. I t r e c o g n i z e d uneven development o£ movements i n d i f ­f e r e n t n a t i o n s and d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e i r I n t e r n a l f o r c e s . I t gave c o n c r e t e a s s i s ­tance on s p e c i f i c problems encountered by i t s members.

The American "Comintern's" Fundamental Tasks

The p r i m a r y t a s k o f an American "Cora-. i n t e r n " would be d e v e l o p i n g a u n i f i e d s t r a t e g y f o r a l l r e v o l u t i o n a r y movements under the c o n d i t i o n s o£ fascism and im­p e r i a l i s m . S p e c i f i c a l l y the "Comintern" would a i d each p a r t y and o r g a n i z a t i o n i n

e x p u l s i o n o f i t s c o m p a t r i o t i m p e r i a l ­i s t s from t h e c o l o n i e s , i n c u l c a t e i n the h e a r t s o f the workers o f i t s own c o u n t r y an a t t i t u d e o f t r u e b r o t h e r ­hood w i t h the w o r k i n g p o p u l a t i o n o f t h e c o l o n i e s and the oppressed n a t i o n s , and conduct s y s t e m a t i c a g i t a t i o n among the armed f o r c e s a g a i n s t a l l o p p r e s s i o n o f the c o l o n i a l peoples.

9. I t i s the duty o f any p a r t y w i s h i n g t o j o i n t he Communist I n t e r n a t i o n a l t o conduct s y s t e m a t i c and u n f l a g g i n g com­munist work i n t r a d e u n i o n s , co-opera­t i v e s o c i e t i e s and o t h e r mass workers' o r g a n i z a t i o n s . Communist c e l l s should be formed i n t r a d e u n i o n s , and, by t h e i r s u s t a i n e d and u n f l a g g i n g work, wi n the unions over t o the communist cause. I n every phase o f t h e i r day-to­day a c t i v i t y these c e l l s must unmask the t r e a c h e r y o f s o c i a l - p a t r i o t s and the v a c i l l a t i o n o f t h e " C e n t r i s t s " .

17, A l l d e c i s i o n s o f t h e communist I n ­t e r n a t i o n a l ' s congresses and o f i t s E x e c u t i v e Committee a r e b i n d i n g on a l l the Communist I n t e r n a t i o n a l must be f a r more c e n t r a l i z e d than the Second I n t e r n a t i o n a l was. I t stands t o reason, however, t h a t i n every aspect o f t h e i r work t h e Communist I n t e r n a t i o n a l and i t s E x e c u t i v e Committee must tak e i n t o account the d i v e r s i t y o f c o n d i t i o n s i n which the r e s p e c t i v e p a r t i e s have t o f i g h t and work, and adopt d e c i s i o n s b i n d i n g on a l l p a r t i e s o n l y on m a t t e r s i n which such d e c i s i o n s are p o s s i b l e .

The Comintern a l s o had 17 p o i n t s o f o r g a n i z a t i o n . These i n c l u d e d the estab­l i s h m e n t o f a World Congress, i t s s o l e a u t h o r i t y t o change the Comintern p r o ­gram, set the number o f v o t e s o f each p a r t y o r o r g a n i z a t i o n and e l e c t t h e Exe­c u t i v e Committee. The E x e c u t i v e Committee conducted the work o f the Comintern be­tween Congresses i n c l u d i n g p u b l i s h i n g a c e n t r a l magazine. I s s u i n g b i n d i n g i n s t r u c ­t i o n s t o members, e x p e l l i n g P a r t i e s o r i n d i v i d u a l s ( s u b j e c t t o appeal t o t h e Con-

h a rmoniously d e v e l o p i n g armed s t r u g g l e and mass m o b i l i z a t i o n s i n c e the goal o f any u n i f i e d s t r a t e g y would be the d e s t r u c ­t i o n o f US i m p e r i a l i s m and the s e i z u r e o f power by t h e people. Armed s t r u g g l e and mass m o b i l i z a t i o n are l i k e g a s o l i n e and an a u t o m o b i l e - you can't get anywhere j u s t h a v i n g one. You need b o t h and you must know how t o use them t o g e t h e r .

The r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f b u i l d i n g each mass movement r e s t s w i t h each p a r t y or o r g a n i z a t i o n . But the Comintern would de­v e l o p a common s t r a t e g y and i n s p e c i f i c cases t a c t i c a l l y c o o r d i n a t e t h e mass movements. The Comintern would have r e ­s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r j o i n t armed s t r a t e g y and command. The command o f armed s t r u g g l e would demand a s p e c i a l i z e d body w i t h i n t h e Comintern t o be e f f e c t i v e . T h i s t a s k may be o r g a n i z e d by a J o i n t C o u n c i l be­f o r e the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a Comintern.

The Comintern would have o v e r - a l l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o promote i n t e r n a t i o n a l ­ism, i d e o l o g i c a l s t r u g g l e and c l a r i t y a-mong t h e p a r t i e s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s o f the r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement.

P r i n c i p l e s f o r O r g a n i z i n g t h e American "Comintern"

The "Comintern" would need c e r t a i n f e a t u r e s t o make i t work:

1. I t would need t o be based on the s t r e n g t h o£ n a t i o n a l p a r t i e s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e g r e a t m a j o r i t y o f T h i r d World and w h i t e , poor and w o r k i n g people.

2. I t would guareentee the independence o f T h i r d World n a t i o n a l p a r t i e s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s so l o n g as i t i s neces­s a r y and d e s i r a b l e .

3. I t would make program and p o l i c y by a m a j o r i t y o f the p a r t i e s and organ­i z a t i o n s , and those d e c i s i o n s would be b i n d i n g on a l l members.

The u l t i m a t e f a t e o f a "Comintern" would be decided by the development o f the r e v o l u t i o n i n America. S p e c i f i c a l l y ,

SEIZE IHE TIME i t s f a t e would be determined by the course of n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e s and t h e response o f w h i t e w o r k i n g people. Based on these c o n d i t i o n s , the Comintern w i l l e i t h e r : 1. Break up due t o the f a i l u r e o f t h e

a l l i a n c e and u n i f i e d s t r a t e g y . 2. Continue i n some form t o c o o r d i n a t e

independent p a r t i e s based on the r e ­c o g n i t i o n o f autonomous s t a t e s and r e g i o n s .

3. Give way t o a merger o f member par­t i e s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n t o a s i n g l e f i g h t i n g M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t y .

Why T a l k About A l l T h i s Hew? I t seems f a r - f e t c h e d t o even i n t r o ­

duce the idea o f an American "Comintern" now when t h e r e are n o t even any recognised p a r t i e s f o r most movements, n a t i o n a l o r o t h e r w i s e . The r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement here i s b a d l y d i s o r g a n i z e d ; y e t we a r e t a l k i n g about one o f the h i g h e s t l e v e l s o f organ­i z a t i o n produced by the w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n . Why?

The p o i n t i s t h a t we need t o develop a s t r a t e g y t o o r g a n i z e t h e r e v o l u t i o n , e s p e c i a l l y here i n t h e b e l l y of the beast. We can't j u s t b u i l d o r g a n i z a t i o n s and hope the y work. They roust be developed i n accordance w i t h the f o r c e s o f r e v o l u t i o n and the changing c o n d i t i o n s o f r e v o l u t i o n . This means t h a t from the b e g i n n i n g we must have some idea o f how we combine the S t r e n g t h s o f independent n a t i o n a l i s t o r ­g a n i z i n g w i t h the S t r e n g t h s of a l l y i n g a l l movements a g a i n s t US c a p i t a l i s m .

The p r o p o s a l o f the "Comintern" i s i n response t o t h e s p e c i f i c q u e s t i o n s o f o r g a n i z e r s i n A s i a n , Chicano, Black and w h i t e workers' movements. T h i r d World ac­t i v i s t s say t h a t t h e i r experience i n com­mun i t y and workplace o r g a n i z i n g and t h e Study o f t h e i r peoples' h i s t o r y and con­d i t i o n s l e a d them t o b e l i e v e t h a t n a t i o n ­a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e b o t h needed and most e f f e c t i v e i n d e v e l o p i n g mass movements. Yet they a l s o say t h a t a t some tim e and i n some areas now, conmon s t r a t e g y i s needed, a l l i a n c e s must be made and u n i t y must be b u i l d . White r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s won­der how they can most e f f e c t i v e l y reach w h i t e workers, y e t b u i l d i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m i n t o t h e i r movement, and keep I t from s t r a y i n g i n t o d e f e n d i n g o n l y w h i t e work­e r s ' Immediate i n t e r e s t s . T h i s p r o p o s a l I s made w i t h those needs i n mind.

R e v o l u t i o n a r i e s must a l s o q u i c k l y grasp t h a t s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s w i t h i n Amer­i c a are undergoing r a p i d and dramatic changes g e n e r a l l y f a v o r i n g r e v o l u t i o n . Unemployment, I n d u s t r i a l o u t p u t l o s e s , s t o c k market lows, r a t e s o f i n f l a t i o n , balance o f t r a d e d e f i c i t s - economic i n ­d i c a t o r s r e f l e c t c o n d i t i o n s t h a t have not happened i n decades. P o l l s measuring sub­j e c t i v e f a c t o r s l i k e disenchantment w i t h government, a n t i c i p a t i o n o f d e p r e s s i o n c o n d i t i o n s , b e l i e f t h a t fundamental eco­nomic and p o l i t i c a l r e s t r u c t u r i n g must happen and more, a l s o i n d i c a t e more r a p i d changes i n the f u t u r e . R e v o l u t i o n a r i e s must have a s t r a t e g y f o r o r g a n i z a t i o n t h a t a n t i c i p a t e s the h i g h t i d e s o f mass movement. O r g a n i z a t i o n a l S t r a t e g y must

a l s o a n t i c i p a t e the r e a c t i o n o f govern­ment r e p r e s s i o n and w h i t e r a c i s m . We can not be unprepared f o r the sudden t w i s t s o f the movement and expect t o w i n , So we have t r i e d t o propose a s t r a t e g y f o r t h e u n f o l d i n g d i a l e c t i c s o f s t r u g g l e now, not when i t w i l l be needed y e s t e r d a y .

The Past and t h e Future U.S. h i s t o r y p r o v i d e s t h e w o r l d w i t h

some o f the w o r s t deeds o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d c a p l t a l l s m . From these we should draw a deep sense o f rage t o f i r m our r e s o l v e i n t h e s t r u g g l e . I t should t e a c h us awareness o f i t s many guises and t h e p e n e t r a t i o n o f i t s i d e o l g y even w i t h i n our own r a n k s . White comrades must make a s p e c i a l e f f o r t i n combating raci s m w i t h i n our ranks and t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s .

U.S. h i s t o r y a l s o g i v e s us o u t s t a n d ­i n g examples o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m o f w o r k i n g people. May 1 s t i s a day c e l e ­b r a t e d around the w o r l d by w o r k i n g and r e v o l u t i o n a r y p eoples. I t was s t a r t e d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s by w o r k e r s , most o f whom were immigrants. R e c e n t l y May 1 s t i n t h e U.S. has been observed by d e monstrations a g a i n s t U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m i n I n d o c h i n a .

The n a t i o n a l s t r u g g l e s o f T h i r d World people i n t h e U.S. have a l s o con­t r i b u t e d t o w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n ' s r i c h h i s ­t o r y . Malcolm X made an aopeal t o t h e O r g a n i a a t i o n o f A f r i c a n A f r i c a n S t a t e s on b e h a l f o f Blacks i n t h e US, He came back t o g i v e t h e blossoming Black L i b e r a ­t i o n Movement a f i r m u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f the w o r l d - w i d e n a t u r e o f t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t US d o m i n a t i o n . The s t r u g g l e s o f Puerto Rican p e o p l e , who a r e o f a l l r a c e s , has won them t h e r e c o g n i t i o n by t h e UN o f a l l r i g h t s t o n a t i o n a l s o v e r e i g n t y and t o i n ­dependence. The Chicano Vietnam M o r a t o r ­ium i s remembered i n Vietnam and L a t i n America. A f t e r Wounded Knee, t h e N a t i v e American Embassy was e s t a b l i s h e d and r e ­cognized by many s o v e r e i g n s t a t e s . The o l d Black Panther P a r t y spread i n t e r n a ­t i o n a l i s m i n i t s messages t o B l ack GIs i n Vietnam, i n i t s p o p u l a r i z a t i o n o f Mao t s e -Tung, Ho Chi Mlnh and Kim I I Sung and i n the a l l i a n c e s i t made w i t h many o t h e r na­t i o n a l i t i e s and w h i t e s i n the r e v o l u t i o n ­a r y movement. The A f r i c a n L i b e r a t i o n Sup­p o r t Committee m a t e r i a l l y supports A f r i ­can L i b e r a t i o n movements I n A f r i c a and promotes c o n s t r u c t i v e i d e o l o g i c a l s t r u g ­g l e w i t h i n t h e Black L i b e r a t i o n movement here. These a r e j u s t a few examples o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m o f people w i t h i n t h e US.

The many d i f f e r e n t peoples i n t h e U.S. should i n t h e f u t u r e p r o v i d e t h e w o r l d w i t h many more examples o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m a g a i n s t U.S. I m p e r i a l i s m , R e v o l u t i o n a r i e s have the d u t y o f promo­t i n g I n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m among t h e people and t h e movement.

BUILD THE NATIONAL PARTIES! PROMOTE INTERNATIONALISM!

PAGE C

Build Organization! The U n i t e d S t a t e s i s e n t e r i n g a

p e r i o d o f g r e a t economic and s o c i a l up­h e a v a l . O f f i c i a l unemployment i s over e i g h t p e r c e n t , over t h i r y p e r c e n t i n t h e auto i n d u s t r y and over f o r t y p e r c e n t i n many Black and Brown communities. Due t o t h e economic c r i s i s , w h i t e workers a r e b e g i n n i n g t o l o s e some o f the ma­t e r i a l b e n l f l t s o f U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m . They are l o s i n g j o b s , t h e i r schools are r a p i d l y d e t i o r a t i n g , paychecks do not s t r e t c h as f a r and c i t y s e r v i c e s a r e b r e a k i n g down I n t h e i r neighborhoods. I n T h i r d World communltys unemployment has been a t d e p r e s s i o n l e v e l s , p o l i c e t e r r o r has reached new h i g h . For T h i r d World p e o p l e , economic c o n d i t i o n s are worst t h a n t h e y have been i n modern t i m e s .

I t i s i n e v i t a b l e that as economic and s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s r a p i d l y d e t e r l o a t e t h e masses o f people w i l l b e g i n to spon­t a n e o u s l y r e b e l . "Repression breeds r e ­s i s t a n c e . I t always has and i t always w i l l , " I n T h i r d World community spon­taneous r e b e l l i o n u s u a l l y t a k e t h e form o f mass v i o l e n c e which o f t e n l e a d to an I n c r e a s e i n spontaneous a t t a c k s on po­l i c e . I n t h e past d i s c o n t e n t on t h e p a r t o f w h i t e workers has m a n i f e s t e d I t s e l f i n an i n c r e a s e on r a c i c a t t a c k s on T h i r d World people. The response of w h i t e workers i n Boston, t h e a l l t i m e h i g h membership o f t h e K l u K l u x K l a n and t h e s t r e n g t h o f o r g a n i z a t i o n s such as t h e N a t i o n a l R i f l e A s s o c i a t i o n show t h a t r a c i s m and fascism are v e r y s t r o n g t e n -d e n c i e s i n t h e w h i t e community.

The people o f t h e U.S. face a c r o s s ­roads where t h e y can e i t h e r embrace r e v o l u v o l u t i o n o r f a s c i s m . The r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement has t h e d u t y t o s e i z e on t h e d i s c o n t e n t o f w o r k i n g and poor peopl e , and o r g a n i z e i t f o r r e v o l u t i o n . T h i r d World r e v o l u t i o n a r y s must show t h e i r peo­p l e who t h e r e a l enemy i s and b u i l d mass o r g a n i z a t i o n s t h a t can use the m i l i t a n c y and wxperience o f r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e i r p e o ples. Mass o r g a n i z a t i o n s such as CASA and ALSC o f f e r much p o t e n t i a l f o r becoming mass a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t o r g a n i ­z a t i o n s t h a t serve f masses o f poor and w o r k i n g T h i r d World people. These o r ­g a n i z a t i o n s need t o become t r u e l y coun­t r y wide i n scope and f i r m l y connected t o t h e day t o day problems and s t r u g g l e s of t h e masses. White comrades need t o b u i l d mass o r g a n i z a t i o n s w i t h an a n t i -i m p e r i a l i s t p e r s p e c t i v e t h a t connect t h e economic o p p r e s s i o n o f w h i t e workers t o s u p p o r t f o r n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e s a t home and abroad. These o r g a n i z a t i o n s s h o u l d emphasize how r a c i s m b e n l f l t s on­l y t h e r u l i n g c l a s s and c o n c r e t e l y how t h e n a t i o n a l s t r u g g l e s are i n w h i t e wor­k e r s i n t e r e s t s . The WAW/WSO o r g a n i z a ­t i o n c o u l d become such an o r g a n i z a t i o n .

However, i f the r e v o l u t i o n a r y move­ment i s t o h e l p b u i l d mass o r g a n i z a t i o n s and l e a d t h e masses toward r e v o l u t i o n , we o u r s e l v e s must be o r g a n i z e d . We must set t h e example f o r organiaation, d i s c i ­p l i n e , and s t y l e o f work. One o f t h e main reasons f o r s p o n t a n e i t y I n t h e mass movement has been t h e l a c k o f l e a d e r s h i p and o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement. As George Jackson s t a t e s s e r i o u s r e v o l u t i o n a r y work o f any t y p e must be based on a s t r o n g w e l l o r g a n i z e d p o l i t i c a l vanguard.

I n t h e p r e s e n t t i m e these p o l i t i c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s have proved most e f f e c t i v e when o r g a n i z e d a l o n g n a t i o n a l l i n e s . I n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h moving mass s t r u g g l e foward we c a l l on r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t o o r ­ganize themselves!. I n l o c a l areas where c o l l e c t i v e s a l o n g n a t i o n a l l i n e s do nc"; e x i s t t h e y must be formed. I n r e g i o n s where cadre o r g a n i z a t i o n s have n o t been formed, l o c a l c o l l e c t i v e s should be b r o ught t o g e t h e r . We must b u i l d cadre o r g a n i z a t i o n s based on t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f g o i n g from t h e s m a l l t o t h e l a r g e and o f b e i n g r o o t e d i n the mass s t r u g g l e . U n i t e d i n t o s t r o n g cadre o r g a n i z a t i o n s we can l e a d the n a t i o n a l and w o r k i n g c l a s s movements t o v i c t o r y and s o c i a l i s m . A Luta C o n t i n u a , "Seize t h e Time" THIS DRAWING WAS MADE INTO A POSTER BY

THE CUBAN PEOPLE AND SENT THROUGHOUT THE THIRD WORLD-AFRICA, ASIA, LATIN AMERICA, AND CHINA-WITH A CAPTION READING, "SOLIDARITY WITH THE AFRO-AMERICAN STRUGGLE."

PAGE D SEIZE THE TIME

* INSIDE THE WHITE WORKING CLASS ^ "Anti-imperialism d e f i n e s our s t r u g g l e

and dirQotion, helps us c o r r e c t l y i d e n t i ­fy our enemy and our f r i e n d s , and i s the necessary b a s i s for advancing our move­ment. The s t r a t e g i c weak point of empire today i s i t s hold of i t s e x t e r n a l and i n t e r n a l c o l o n i e s , and it i s here that imperialism r e a i e v o s i t s heaviest blows."

WEATHER UNDERGROUND P r a i r i e F i r e fl major weakness o f t h e w h i t e l e f t

has been t h e tendency t o i g n o r e t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l q u e s t i o n o f i m p e r i a l l a t r e l a t i o n s whUnJin t h e us, and t o l i q u i ­d a t e n a t i o n a l s t r u g g l e under t h e cover o r " o v e r a l l " worKlng c l a s s s t r u g g l e . The f a i l u r e t o grasp i m p e r i a l i s m as an i n t e r ­n a l c o n d i t i o n i n t h e US w i l l always l e a d p o t e n t i a l l y p r o g r e s s i v e elements o f t h e oppressor n a t i o n t o an o b j e c t i v e l y chau­v i n i s t stance.

a g a i n and a g a i n , perhaps as many as 50 t i m e s i n the p a s t twenty y e a r s , e f ­f o r t s have been launched t o " r e c t i f y " communism i n t h e US— t o b u i l d a new CP. Again and again these e f f o r t s have f a i l e d . Key i n these f a i l u r e s has been -t h e i n a b i l i t y t o understand i m p e r i a l i s t r e l a t i o n s i n thQ us, a l o n g w i t h t h e p r a c ­t i c a l i n a b i l i t y t o b u i l d t h e main s t r a ­t e g i c a l l i a n c e o f our r e v o l u t i o n : t h e a l l i a n c e o f t h e p r o g r e s s i v e f o r c e s o f t h e oppressor n a t i o n and Of t h e oppressed n a t i o n s and n a t i o n a l m i n o r i t i e s i a t b o t h mass and cadre l e v e l s .

I n c o n d i t i o n s o f r i s i n g r e v o l u t i o n a r y p o t e n t i a l we are c r i p p l e d - p a r a l y s e d - f o r l a c k o f l e a d e r s h i p . We need a CP. But we must l e a r n from t h e f a i l u r e s o f our p a s t h i s t o r y and base o u r s e l v e s on an u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e c o n c r e t e con­d i t i o n s we face - c o n d i t i o n s o f i m p e r i a l i e n i n t h e US. WITHIN THE OPPRESSOR NATION

The conquest o f the Southwesti impor­t a t i o n o f Asian l a b o r , A f r i c a n s l a v e -t r a d e , massacre o f N a t i v e Americans, conquest of Hawaii, the P h i l l i p i n e s , Puerto Rico, e t c , did not make t h e US i n t o a " m u l t i n a t i o n a l oppressor n a t i o n " . T h i s i s an absurd c o n t r a d i c t i o n i n terms. Each o f these a c t i o n s b u i l t t h e m a t e r i a l base o f w h i t e p r i v i l e g e , and i s j u s t i f i e d by t h e i d e o l o g y o f r a c i s m . The oppressor n a t i o n i n t h e US i s w h i t e . The w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s i s p a r t o f t h e oppressor nation.We need t o grasp t h i s f a c t i n o r d e r t o understand t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f w h i t e workers t o t h e US r u l i n g c l a s s and t o TW peoples.

Recognizing t h a t w h i t e people are an oppressor n a t i o n does n o t mean t h a t our s t r u g g l e i s f o r s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n o r n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n . Any w h i t e n a t i o n a l movement would be a r e a c t i o n a r y movement. Rather i t means t h a t we must use t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m o f w o r k i n g people t o overcome w h i t e r a c i s m , and we must j o i n i n o v e r t h r o w i n g our own r u l i n g c l a s s f o r s o c i a l i s t s o c i e t y .

The concept o f "oppressor n a t i o n " when a p p l i e d t o oureelvee i s a hard t h i n g f o r some w h i t e people t o swallow. I t was no l e s s d i f f i c u l t f o r Russians t o accept t h e t e r m when Le n i n used i t t o analyze c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e Russian em­p i r e . A weakness o f t h e t e r m i s t h a t i t can be m i s i n t e r p r e t e d t o mean t h a t t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s as a whole i s p a r t o f t h e enemy. The f a c t i s t h a t we, w h i t e w o r k i n g people i n t h e US, w h i l e r e l a -t l v Q l y p r l v s l e g ^ d over most TW people, are a l s o oppressed and e x p l o i t e d . I n our work among w h i t e w o r k i n g people we must unleash t h e boundless r e v o l t u i o n a r y po­t e n t i a l o f t h e c l a s s as a whole. But we cannot i d e a l i z e "the workers".We can't swallow t h e whole c l a s s i n one b i g gob. We have t o see t h e i n t e r n a l c o n t r a d i c ­t i o n s generated by t h e r e l a t i o n s o f im­p e r i a l i s m and d e a l w i t h them i n a r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y manner— a i v i d l n g one i n t o two and s e i z i n g on the p o s i t i v e aspect. IMSIDE THE WHITE WORKING CLASS

As p a r t o f the oppressor n a t i o n t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s i s r e l a t i v e l y p r i ­v i l e g e d over TW workers as a whole.Sharp d i f f e r e n c e s i n unemployment r a t e s , i n income, i n l i f e expectancy, i n r e l a t i o n ­s h i p s t o s c h o o l s , m i l i t a r y , c o u r t s and p r i s o n s , a l l demonstrate t h i s t o be t r u e .

T h i s has a r e a l e f f e c t on the con­sciousness o f w h i t e w o r k i n g people- n o t o n l y on those i n more p r i v i l e g e d p o s i ­t i o n s b u t a l s o on those a t the bottom

o f t h e heap who may i n t h e i r i n s e c u r ­i t y c l i n g t i g h t e s t t o measly p r i v i l e g e . Engels wro t e about t h e w o r s t tenden-c i e s o f t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s o f i m p e r i a l i s t n a t i o n s : "You ask me what E n g l i s h work­e r s think about c o l o n i a l p o l i c y . Well, e x a c t l y as they think about p o l i t i c s i n general: the same as what the bour­g e o i s t h i n k . There i s no workers' party here, t h e r e are only c o n s e r v a t i v e s and l i b e r a l - r a d i c a l s , and the workers g a i l y share the f e a s t of England's monopoly of the world market and the c o l o n i e s . "

There can be no doubt t h a t t h i s t e n d ­ency Idaves a g r i m i m p r e s s i o n i n t h e minds o f t h e p r o g r e s s i v e masses o f t h e oppressed n a t i o n s and n a t i o n a l m i n o r i ­t i e s . On t o p o f c e n t u r i e s o f r e p e a t e d b e t r a y a l by ' p r o g r e s s i v e ' w h i t e f o r c e s , TW people can see c l e a r l y t h a t f o r w h i t e people t o t a k e an a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t stand w i t h i n t h e US, an h i s t o r i c t r a n s f o r m a t i o n must t a k e p l a c e . We are a t a t u r n i n g p o i n t : i n one d i r e c t i o n l i e s t h e r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y a l l i a n c e o f t h e p r o g r e s s i v e e l ­ements o f t h e oppressor n a t i o n and t h e oppressed and i n t h e o t h e r l i e s b l o o d y and t r a g i c race war.

But i t would be c o m p l e t e l y f a l s e t o adopt a one-sided view o f t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s , t o w r i t e i t o f f as c o r r u p t . I n f a c t w h i t e workers have demonstrated an i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t consciousness i n such s t r u g g l e s as t h e Rhodesian chrome cargo b o y c o t t , t h e Farmworkers s u p p o r t and b o y c o t t , and Farah s t r i k e s u p p o r t work. A n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f o r c e s i n t h e Women's Movement and i n WAW/WSO are f u r t h e r examples o f a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t p o t e n t i a l among our people.

There i s a v e r y r e a l s p l i t i n t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s . L e n i n p e r c e i v e d i t s r o o t s back a t t h e t u r n o f t h i s c e n t u r y . . . "m the United S t a t e s , im­migrants from Eastern and Southern Eur­ope are engaged in the most poorly paid occupations, while American workers pro­v i d e the highest percentage of over­s e e r s or of the b e t t e r paid workers. Imperialism has the tendency of c r e a t i n g p r i v i l e g e d s e c t i o n s even among the work­e r s , and of detaching them from the main prolQtarian mass."

NIXON AND TEAMSTER B0£ PARTNERS IN US IMPERIALISM

Because i t i s p a r t o f an oppressor n a t i o n , t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s c o n t a i n s s t r o n g b o u r g e o i s - o r i e n t e d r a c i s t and s e x i s t f o r c e s . C e r t a i n p a r t s o f the w o r k f o r c e (some c r a f t u n i o n s , s k i l l e d s e c t i o n s o f i n d u s t r i a l u n i o n s , s e n i o r employees, s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s , some male wor k e r s , e t c ) are a s t r o n g base f o r t h i s tendency. At t h e same tim e t h e most e x p l o i t e d w h i t e s as i n South B o s t o n — can a l s o move i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n .

On t h e o t h e r hand t h e most p r o g r e s s ­i v e f o r c e s i n t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s are c o n c e n t r a t e d i n lower p a y i n g j o b s o r o u t o f work a l t o g e t h e r . They may be p a r t - t i m e s t u d e n t s ; t h e y a r e l a r g e l y young wo r k e r s , o f t e n n o n - u n i o n i z e d , u n s k i l l e d o r s e m i - s k i l l e d , many women ( c l e r i c a l , e l e c t r o n i c s , e t c ) some V i e t ­nam e r a v e t e r a n s , and so on. These f o r c e s t e n d t o be more conscious o f t h e i r ex­p l o i t a t i o n and i d e n t i f y w i t h o t h e r op­pressed peoples more r e a d i l y t h a n w i t h t h e i r own bosses and t h e US r u l i n g c l a s s .

I n a t i m e o f economic c r i s i s these two f o r c e s contend f o r l e a d e r s h i p over t h e m i d d l e elements, t h e v a s t major­i t y o f t h e workers.

I n every p l a c e we o r g a n i z e t h e r e ­a c t i o n a r y f o r c e s among t h e workers are r e a l and p o t e n t i a l l y p o w e r f u l . T h i s much Boston has proven. H i s t o r y has r e p e a t e d l y warned us t h a t these f o r c e s w i l l work w i t h t h e r u l i n g c l a s s and seek t o mob­i l i z e t h e i n s e c u r i t y and d i s c o n t e n t o f t h e m a j o r i t y o f workers a g a i n s t TW peo­p l e and a g a i n s t p r o g r e s s i v e w h i t e a c t i v ­i s t s , t h e y w i l l t r y t o i s o l a t e us. F o l ­l o w i n g WWI and WWII, i n t h e Palmer r a i d s , t h e McCarthy w i t c h - h u n t , t h e Smith Act b u s t s , e t c , t h i s has happened a l r e a d y . The h a l f - d e a d " l a b o r movement" we have i n h e r i t e d i s t h e a f t e r m a t h o f these purges.

Most w h i t e workers are caught i n t h e m i d d l e and confused. To quote t h e T h i r d World S t a f f ' s STATEMENT ON THE WHITE MOVEMENT i n i s s u e #4 o f SEIZE THE TIME: "White people know the economy is f a l l ­i n g apart. They are t o l d i t ' s the Arab's f a u l t . They know t h e i r c h i l d r e n ' s schools are not r e a l l y teaching what c h i l d r e n need or want to know. They are told i t ' s the f a u l t of busing, i n t e ­g r a t i o n , and Black c h i l d r e n . They know that the q u a l i t y of l i f e i s dropping. They are t o l d i t ' s because t h e r e are too many East I n d i a n s , L a t i n Americans, and Chinese. Too o f t e n they b e l i e v e these l i e s because t h e r e i s l i t t l e e l s e presented, because t h e i r parents taught them and t h e i r surroundings r e i n f o r c e d them. The whole imperial­i s t s o c i e t y i s s e t up to put the work­i n g c l a s s white i n h o s t i l e competition with the Third World masses beneath him. Meanwhile R o c k e f e l l e r and Hearst are counting t h e i r p r o f i t s . "

Today, as economic c o n d i t i o n s g e t worse and t h e s t a t e l o s e s l e g i t i m a c y , t h e awareness o f w h i t e w o r k i n g people i s on t h e r i s e . The main m i s s i n g i n ­g r e d i e n t i s l e a d e r s h i p . OUR WORK IN THE MASS MOVEMENT

The lessons o f t h i s p i c t u r e o f t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s s h o u l d be c l e a r t o w h i t e communists. We must a p p l y t h e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s m we have l e a r n e d i n t h e c o n t e x t o f Vietnam t o c o n d i t i o n s w i t h i n t h e US; u n i f y t h a t a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s m w i t h t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y p o t e n t i a l o f t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s . U n t i l now, t h e r e v o l u t i o n ­a r y movement has been unable t o do t h i s .

Empires may be d i s m a n t l e d t o a c o n s i d ­e r a b l e e x t e n t p r i o r t o p r o l e t a r i a n r e v ­o l u t i o n a t home ( B r i t a i n , P o r t u g a l , US,

SEIZE THE TIME PAGE E

France, Japan, e t c ) . N e v e r t h e l e s s , V i e t ­nam, China, Guinea B i s s a u , Mozambique, Angola, Puerto Rico, and t h e Black S t r u g ­g l e have shown how p o w e r f u l l y TW s t r u g g l e advances c r i s e s i n t h e oppressor n a t i o n s . EVQnts a l s o prove t h a t i f workers do n o t s u p p o r t b u t oppose o r remain p a s s i v e t o n a t i o n a l l i b Q r a t i o n movements, t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e w o r k i n g c l a a a o f t h e oppressor na­t i o n i s f r u s t r a t e d and r e v o l u t i o n cannot t a k e p l a c e . On t h e c o n t r a r y , t o t h e degree that i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m p r e v a i l s , r e a l u n i t y w i t h t h e TW develops, and r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement and o r g a n i z a t i o n t h r i v e s and grows I n s p i t e o f a l l r e p r e s s i v e a c t s .

U n i t i n g a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s m w i t h t h e r e a l c l a s s i n t e r e s t s o f w h i t e workers does n o t mean t h a t i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m w i l l p r e s e r v e a l l w h i t e workers from any setbacks i n t h e i r p r e s e n t economic s t a t u s and s o c i a l p r i v i l e g e . L e n i n has s a i d t h a t i n t h e i m p e r i a l i s t (oppressor) n a t i o n s , workers w i l l have t o b r i n g s a c r i f i c e s t o t h e r e v ­o l u t i o n . T h i s a p p l i e s f i r s t and formoat t o t h e h i g h l y p r i v i l e g e d p a r t s o f t h e c l a s s . But i n c e r t a i n ways i t a p p l i e s t o a l l . The f a c t i s t h a t i f we do n o t w i n our c l a s s (and we can do so) t o these s a c r i f i c e s , t h e c l a s s enemy w i l l u t i l i z e our f a i l u r e t o do so t o exact hundreds and thousands o f times more sweat and bl o o d and p o v e r t y and h a r d s h i p from us I n t h e v a i n e f f o r t t o keep themselves i n t h e seats o f power.

The NFL t e l l s us t h a t t h e Vietnamese l o s t more people i n t h e years o f Diem's " p e a c e f u l " r u l e t h a n t h e y d i d i n t h e war a g a i n s t b o t h Gaigon and t h e US.

On t h e one hand we have f o r c e s t h a t have p r a c t i c e i n workplace o r g a n i z i n g b u t do n o t r a i s e i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t de­mands f o r f e a r o f d i v i d i n g t h e c l a s s , and they a r e h o r r i f i e d a t t h e t h o u g h t Of speaking of s a c r i f i c e s . T h i s i s economist. T h i s i s a o c i a l - c h a u v i n i a t . The w o r k i n g c l a s s i s a l r e a d y d i v i d e d . As Cabral w r o t e , " T e l l no l i e s , c l a i m no easy v i c t o r i e s . " These people see t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s i n a one-sided manner: aware o f t h e common e x p l o i t a ­t i o n o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g c l a s s , t h e y i g n o r e t h e d i v i s i v e f o r c e o f imp­e r i a l i s m . Racism i s passed o f f as an id e o l o g y w i t h o u t a m a t e r i a l base, a " t a c t i c " o f t h e r u l i n g c l a s s . I t ' s n o t s u r p r i s i n g t h a t t h i s e r r o r i s a r e c u r r e n t theme i n t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement o£ t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s o f t h e oppressor n a t i o n .

On the o t h e r hand t h e r e are f o r c e s i n t h e w h i t e r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement t h a t s t r u g g l e around a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t and a n t i - s e x i s t p o l i t i c s b u t have v e r y l i t t l e p r a c t i c e i n w o r k i n g c l a s s o r g ­a n i z i n g . They a l s o f a l l t o see t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s i n a d i a l e c t i c a l manner aware o f t h e r e l a t i v e p r i v i ­l e g e , t h e r a c i s m and sexism, t h e y have n o t grasped t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y p o t e n t i a l o f t h e c l a s s .

The a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t movement i s s a d l y l a c k i n g a wo r k i n g c l a s s base. I n p r a c t i c e around Vietnam, C h i l e , Puerto Rico, and so on, we have t o o o f t e n f a i l e d t o work among our own people, we must go t o t h e people, organ­i s i n g a s o c i a l i s t movement which i s a n t l - l m p e r l a l i s t n o t o n l y i n regards t o n a t i o n a l o p p r e s s i o n o u t s i d e t h e US bu t a l s o i n regards t o n a t i o n a l o ppression i n our p l a n t s , u n i o n s , and neighborhoods.

There i s a tremendous b a s i s f o r i n ­t e r n a t i o n a l u n i t y i n t h e US i n t h a t we a l l i n h a b i t t h e h e a r t o f thQ empire, we l i v e and work s i d e by s i d e , and we have the same enemies. We a l l need s o c i a l i s m . I t i s our t a s k i n t h e w h i t e movement t o u n i t e t h e most p r o g r e s s i v e workers w i t h t h e p r o g r e s s i v e TW work e r s , and t o m o b i l i z e the m i d d l e elements t o i s o l a t e t h e r e a c t i o n a r y f o r c e s . J u s t

as i n any workplace we o r g a n i z e people t o r e j e c t a l l forms o f f a v o r i t i s m be­cause i t weakens u n i t y and s t r e n g t h , i n t h e US we o r g a n i z e w h i t e w o r k i n g people t o r e j e c t s p e c i a l p r i v i l e g e .

T h i s means we must be o r g a n i z e r s . The o n l y way t o l e a r n t h i s i s t o do i t . The t a s k must be a t t a c k e d i n an o r g ­a n i s e d manner. An o r g a n i z a t i o n o f o r g a n i s e r s w i l l n o t be b u i l t t h r o u g h s p o r a d i c i n d i v i d u a l work. Today those o f us who are engaged i n mass organ­i z i n g are m o s t l y a m a t u e r i s h i n our methods and i s o l a t e d i n our p r a c t i c e .

I n s i d e t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s we must face r a c i s m head-on. We must come t o terms w i t h mob v i o l e n c e . Not o n l y must we be w i l l i n g t o " t u r n o f f some wor k e r s , b u t we must be prepared t o d o w n r i g h t r e p r e s s c e r t a i n r a c i s t , f a s c i s t f o r c e s . We must b r i n g t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s t o an a n t i - i m p e r i ­a l i s t stance f o r t h i s i s t h e o n l y p a t h t h a t leads t o s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n . INTERNATIONAL UNITY IN OUR WORK

When our work among w h i t e workers i n t e r - c o n n e c t s w i t h B l a c k , Brown, Asian-american, e t c , we can b u i l d a l l i a n c e s based on t h r e e p r i n c i p l e s : 1. P r i n c i p l e d s u p p o r t f o r p a r t i c u l a r TW s t r u g g l e s a g a i n s t n a t i o n a l o p p r e s s i o n . 2. Taking on r a c i s m , sexism, and spe­c i a l w h i t e p r i v i l e g e i n t h e w h i t e work­i n g c l a s s and r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement. 3. A l l i e d work around common demands r a i s e d by b o t h f o r c e s .

The f o l l o w i n g i s an example o f a s u c c e s s f u l mass movement which d e v e l ­oped a l o n g these l i n e s :

A t F t Ord, C a l i f o r n i a , i n l a t e 1971, an upsurge o f GI r e s i s t a n c e t o o k p l a c e around t h e t r i a l o f B i l l y Dean Smith, a Black GI accused o f f r a g g i n g some l i f e r s i n Vietnam.

I n i t i a l a c t i o n was by w h i t e GIs. A s m a l l number p i c k e t e d t h e base r e g u l a r ­l y , h e l d s e v e r a l s m a l l demos, and pub­l i s h e d an underground paper. They a t ­t a c k e d r a c i s m , t h e war, and t h e common opp r e s s i o n o f a l l GIs and w o r k i n g people.

Then on base a m o b i l i z a t i o n beaan among Black GIs. A s e r i e s o f l a r g e mass meetings o f Black GIs was h e l d , w i t h i n c r e a s i n g l y l a r g e numbers a t t ­ending. A b r i e f a l l - B l a c k demo appeared o u t s i d e t h e opening o f t h e t r i a l .

The t h e Blacks i n v i t e d everyone t o j o i n i n . A Black r a l l y t u r n e d i n t o a march t h r o u g h o u t t h e base o f about 400,

Mi

s t o r m i n g t h r o u g h b a r r a c k areas and then up to the stockade, c a l l i n g out w h i t e . Black and Brown GIs t o shout and c l a p and stomp f o r B i l l y ' s freedom.

A s e r i e s o f i n c i d e n t s f o l l o w e d as General Westmoreland, t h e n Chairman o f t h e J o i n t C h i e f s o f S t a f f , v i s i t e d t h e base t o p u t down t h e r e s i s t a n c e . A num­ber o f a c t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g f i r e b o m b i n g s , took p l a c e . T h i s c u l m i n a t e d i n t h e t o ­t a l d e s t r u c t i o n o f t h e l a r g e s t b u i l d i n g on base a $500,000 i n d o c t r i n a t i o n h a l l . Very q u i c k l y t h e r e a f t e r , over 100 GIs were suddenly g r a n t e d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e d i s c h a r g e s " f o r t h e good o f t h e army", i n c l u d i n g many who were w a i t i n g under o r d e r s t o s h i p o u t t o Vietnam. The army had panicked.

At t h e same t i m e young w h i t e workers and s t u d e n t s from the Bay Area began a g i ­t a t i n g i n B i l l y ' s defense. WAW/WSO mob­i l i z e d around B i l l y ' s case on a n a t i o n a l b a s i s . A s h o r t t i m e l a t e r B i l l y Smith was f r e e d . He was found n o t g u i l t y by a panel o f o f f i c e r s .

I t i s easy t o see how t h i n g s c o u l d have developed d i f f e r e n t l y . I f w h i t e GIs had n o t shown v i s i b l e s u p p o r t f o r B i l l y and o p p o s i t i o n t o r a c i s m , t h e n t h e B l a c k movement m i g h t have been d i r e c t e d more a t w h i t e s i n g e n e r a l , and i t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t r a c i s t w h i t e s c o u l d have dominated t h e w h i t e r e a c t i o n t o t h e movement. I f , on t h e o t h e r hand, w h i t e s had t r i e d t o push u n i t y t o o soon o r had at t e m p t e d t o take over l e a d e r s h i p (perhaps on t h e ba­s i s o f c o m b a t t i n g narrow n a t i o n a l i s m and n o t d i v i d i n g t h e c l a s s ) , t he Black mob­i l i z a t i o n would have been weakened and i n t e r n a t i o n a l u n i t y would have been o u t o f t h e q u e s t i o n .

Communists sho u l d know t h a t t h e u n i o n of n a t i o n s and n a t i o n a l m i n o r i t i e s i n a s i n g l e system i s p o s s i b l e today o n l y on t h e b a s i s o f mutual c o n f i d e n c e and v o l ­u n t a r y agreement, and t h a t t h e road t o t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a v o l u n t a r y u n i o n o f n a t i o n s l i e s t h r o u g h the d e s t r u c t i o n o f t h e " i n t e g r a l " i m p e r i a l i s t "whole" t h r o u g h t h e independant development o f the d i f f e r i n g n a t i o n a l movements.

We foc u s on work i n t h e mass movement because b o t h mass work and m i l i t a r y a c t i o n a r e today d i r e c t e d a t r a i s i n g t h e l e v e l o f un d e r s t a n d i n g and o r g a n i z a t i o n o f the mass movement. I n no way does t h i s downplay t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r b u i l d i n g an army and an un­derground (which r e q u i r e a mass base ) .

( c o n t i n u e d on next page)

*BOSTON 1974* Two w h i t e workers un­s u c c e s s f u l l y t r i e d t o a i d t h i s Black man i n th e g r i p o f a w h i t e l y n c h mob. The mob was th e dominant aspect, and t h e two workers were the secondary as­p e c t , o f t h e w h i t e movement i n Boston. T h i s must be rev e r s e d .

PAGE F SEIZE THE TIME

WHITE WORKERS"""" PARTY BUILDING AS A PROCESS: STAGE ONE

When we t a l k o f p a r t i e s we should n o t f a l l i n t o a dogmatic r e c i t a l o f f a i t h . A p a r t y l i k e every o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n we UBO i s s i m p l y a t o o l designed t o accom­p l i s h s p e c i f i c t a s k s .

We need an a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t working Class movement among w h i t e people. But such a f r o n t r e q u i r e s cadre l e a d e r s h i p . Today WQ cannot h e s i t a t e t o coms t o ­g e t h e r i n c o l l e c t i v e s and t o work i n a democratic c e n t r a l i s t manner. T h i s i s n o t "arrogance". T h i s i s a fundamental f i r s t s t e p we must each tak e i n c o n t r i ­b u t i o n t o p a r t y b u i l d i n g . I t cannot be over-emphasised t h a t no r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s Should today h e s i t a t e t o o r g a n i s e e o l l e o -t i v e s .

Many w h i t e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s have seen the f a i l u r e o f w h i t e o r g a n i z a t i o n s which t r y t o l e a d t h e whole movement. White people can a l s o see t h e l e a d i n g r o l e i n t h e o r y and i n p r a c t i c e o f TW r e v o l u t i o n ­a r i e s today. T h i s has l e d some people t o b e l i e v e t h a t w h i t e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s can­n o t s u s t a i n an o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h a c o r ­r e c t l i n e . I n t h e name o f TW l e a d e r s h i p they i n s i s t t h a t cadre f o r m a t i o n s be m u l t i n a t i o n a l .

I n f a c t , a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s m i s rooted

LORDSTOWN AUTO WORKERS: WILDCATS, ALIENATION. SABOTAGE, DRUGS

i n t h e c l a s s conscious p o t e n t i a l o f t h e w h i t e w o r k i n g c l a s s . The h e a l t h i e s t sec­t i o n s Of the white movement today d e a l w i t h themselves as_ w h i t e (Weather, p a r t s o f t h e Womens' Movement, non-RU WAW-WSO, e t c ) . The p r o g r e s s i v e w h i t e movement has been s t r o n g e s t and i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m has been most s o l i d when w h i t e people have re c o g n i z e d and d e a l t w i t h t h e d i ­v i s i o n s o f i m p e r i a l i s t r e l a t i o n s ( t h e a b o l i t i o n i s t movement, t h e CP i n t h e t w e n t i e s and e a r l y t h i r t i e s ) .

T h i s a l s o d i s r e g a r d s t h e f a c t t h a t o r g a n i z a t i o n s o f t h i s t y p e have c r i p p l e d t he a b i l i t y o f TW cadre t o l e a d t h e i r n a t i o n a l movements (RU, Venceremos, e t c ) . I t i s i m p o s s i b l e today f o r a white-domin­ated o r g a n i z a t i o n t o t a k e on p e t t y bour­geois f o r c e s i n a n a t i o n a l movement and wind up i n l e a d e r s h i p o f t h a t n a t i o n a l f r o n t .

T h i s a l s o o v e r l o o k s t h e f a c t t h a t our work on b o t h t h e mass and cadre l e v e l w i l l be c o - o r d i n a t e d w i t h the work o f s i s t e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s . Our r e c e n t p a s t i s f u l l o£ examples o f n a t i o n a l i s t o r g ­a n i z a t i o n s which were w i l l i n g t o a l l y w i t h w h i t e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s on t h e b a s i s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m (BPP, Young L o r d s ) .

To quote again from the s t a t - m e n t on t h e w h i t e movement i n i s s u e #A o f SEIZE THE TIME by t h e T h i r d World 3 t a f f ;

"The Third World s t a f f of SEIZE THE TIME t h i n k s that independant national organizational f r o n t s against fascism and imperialism and e s p e c i a l l y national M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s ar& s s s & n t i a l . Independant organizations msko, p o s s i b l e p o l i t i c a l d e c i s i o n s that t r u l y r e f l e c t the w i l l of oppressed nations within the

(emphasis added). We do not know what form of s t a t e power Black or Native Jimerioan or Chicano people want a f t e r t h s d e s t r u c t i o n of American imperialism and i t s s t a t e by poor and working people. That choice w i l l be made through the de­velopment of the s t r u g g l e and of organi­z a t i o n . Furthermore, independant organi­z a t i o n s have in the past been most ef­f e c t i v e i n mobilizing the masses of op­pressed Third World nations (Garvey, Black Muslims, SNCC, BPP). L a s t l y , inde­pendant organizations have i n the past provided a s t r o n g base f o r a l l i a n c e of

r e v o l u t i o n a r y n a t i o n a l i s t movements (not j u s t a few i n d i v i d u a l s ) with white youth durinet Vietnam, and w h i t e r e v o l u t i o n a r ­i e s . "

We need a d i s c i p l i n e d combat o r g a n i ­z a t i o n t o l e a d t h e w h i t e movement i n t o an a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f r o n t . The n a t i o n a l movements need p a r t i e s t o e s t a b l i s h t h e i r n a t i o n a l f r o n t s • P a r t i e s which have es­t a b l i s h e d themselves i n such a p o s i t i o n o f l e a d e r s h i p w i l l be a b l e — perhaps v e r y q u i c k l y — t o c o n s o l i d a t e t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l u n i t e d f r o n t w i t h i n t h e US and an i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l form o f communist o r g a n i z a t i o n .

S e c t i o n s o f t h e w h i t e r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement i n s i s t on b u i l d i n g a m u l t i n a ­t i o n a l p a r t y now. T h i s s t r a t e g y i s p r o ­grammed t o f a i l — s i x years o f RU f a i l u r e i n t h i s area has proven t h a t . T h i s i s wrong i n t h a t i t obscures i n t h e o r y and a t t a c k s i n p r a c t i c e t h e n a t i o n a l f o r c e s a t work i n t h e US today. Our j o b i s t o s u p p o r t independance i n development f o r t h e n a t i o n a l movements. W i t h o u t t h i s t h e r e i s no i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m . (Please check o u t CONTRAMOBILIZATION i n i s s u e #4, esp pp 17-18.)

T h i s i s n o t d i v i d i n g t h e c l a s s . T h i s i s r e c o g n i z i n g t h e r e a l m a t e r i a l d i v i s ­i o n s which e x i s t and i n c o r p o r a t i n g t h a t r e c o g n i t i o n i n our s t r a t e g y .

P r a c t i c e w i l l prove t h e c o r r e c t a n a l ­y s i s . The t r u e s t r a t e g y w i l l be taken and adopted by t h e masses as t h e i r own. P r a c t i c e shows today t h a t t h e masses o r g a n i z e themselves a l o n g n a t i o n a l l i n e s r e g a r d l e s s o£ what i s done and s a i d t o p r e v e n t i t . As Mao Tse-Tung p u t i t f i f t y years ago: "There are t h r e e a l t e r n a t i v e s : to march at t h e i r head and lead them? t o t a i l be­hind them g e s t i c u l a t i n g and c r i t i c i z i n g ? or to stand in t h e i r way and oppo-^e them? Every Chinese is f r e e to choose, but events w i l l f o r c e you to make your choice q u i c k l y . " TASKS

"Our movement urgently needs a concrete a n a l y s i s of the p a r t i c u l a r c o n d i t i o n s of our time and place. We need s t r a t e g y . We need to b a t t l e f o r a c o r r e c t ideology and win people over. I n t h i s way we c r e a t e the c o n d i t i o n s f o r the development of a s u c c e s s f u l r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement and party. We need a r e v o l u t i o n a r y communist party i n order to lead the s t r u g g l e , g i v e coherance and d i r e c t i o n to the f i g h t , seize power and build the new society. Getting from here to t h e r e is a process of coming together in a d i s o i p l i n e d way around ideology and s t r a t e g y , developing an a n a l y s i s of our r e a l c o n d i t i o n s , mob-

ORGANIZATIONS - NEWSPAPERS

Please c o n s i d e r u s i n g t h e c e n t e r s e c t i o n o f t h i s paper as an i n ­s e r t supplement t o your own l o c a l paper. I f you a r e I n t e r e s t e d , w r i t e us about the number you want and f e e l f r e e t o make suggestions about f u t u r e c o n t e n t and s i z e . We p l a n t o have a c e n t e r s e c t i o n I n every I s s u e .

* * * * * * * * Center S e c t i o n

1 copy $ .15 ea. over 5 copies - - - - - - $ .jQ ea. " 25 copies $ .OSea.

* * * * * * * *

i l i z i n g a base among the US people, b u i l d i n g p r i n a i p l e d r e l a t i o n s h i p s to T h l f d K o r l J s t r u j j l e f and assvwulatin^ p r a c t i c e i n s t r u g g l e against US imp­e r i a l i s m " . WEATHER UNDERGROUND P r a i r i e F i r e

I n t h i s p e r i o d we f a c e a succession o f p r i m a r y t a s k s : 1. Raise l e v e l o f c l a s s consciousness t o i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , combat r a c i s m £ sexism and d i s c r e d i t economists; U n i t e w h i t e communists t o f o r g e an oppressor n a t i o n combat p a r t y o£ t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s , i n t i g h t i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o - o r d ­i n a t i o n w i t h s i m i l a r developments among TW communists. 2. Lead t h e w h i t e masses i n t o a s t r a t e g i c a l l i a n c e w i t h n a t i o n a l f r o n t s o f oppres­sed peoples toward s o c i a l i s m and a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m . C o o r d i n a t e m i l i t a r y a c t i o n s w i t h combat p a r t i e s o f oppressed peoples, 3. C o n s o l i d a t i o n o f o r g a n i z a t i o n s on an i n t e r n a t i o n a l b a s i s i n t o some form o f Comintern. (Please see INTERNATIONALISM i n t h i s c e n t e r f o l d )

Events are u n f o l d i n g a t an a c c e l l e r a t -i n g r a t e . Work a t one l e v e l w i l l s u r e l y go on b e f o r e t h e p r e v i o u s t a s k i s com­p l e t e d . But s i g n i f i c a n t p r o g r e s s cannot be made a t any stage b e f o r e a b r a a k t h r o u g h has happened i n t h e p r e c e e d i n g t a s k .

These s t r u g g l e s w i l l p r o v i d e us w i t h t h e most i m p o r t a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a l t o o l s and s t r a t e g i c r e l a t i o n s t o make r e v o l u t ­i o n i n t h e US. They w i l l a l s o p r o v i d e a sound b a s i s f o r c o o r d i n a t i o n w i t h com­munis t o r g a n i z a t i o n s o f o t h e r n a t i o n s o u t s i d e o f t h e US.

D u r i n g t h i s e n t i r e p e r i o d s o c i a l i s t work and a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t work must be i n s e p a r a b l e ; mass l e a d e r s h i p and c l a n ­d e s t i n e and m i l i t a r y a c t i o n must be dev­eloped i n harmony; and communist ( p a r t y b u i l d i n g ) work must be c l o s e l y t i e d t o and based on work i n t h e mass movement.

FIGHT US IMPERIALISM, THE COMMON ENEMY!

White S t a f f SEIZE THE TIME and f r i e n d s

CONTINUED FROM PG. H

e n t a r i e s who the M o l l y Maguires were (Not the pop-rock group!) Class consciousness i s n o t a l l o c a t e d to any one l e v e l o f e f f e c t i v e n e s s . Show me the M a r x i a t - L e n n l s t F a r t i e s Who f l e w t h e i r banners i n Boston l a a t week. Let us see t h e mass w o r k l L e t ' s b u i l d i t , b u t l e t ' s be as r e a l as r e a l i t y . No p l a t i t u d e s t h i s t i m e . S o c i a l r e ­l a t i o n s p a r t i c u l a r t o t h i s s o c i e t y c a l l f o r a c t i o n and t h e o r y t h a t i s u n p a r a l ­l e l e d i n h i s t o r y . P r o v i d e a v i s i o n o f r e v o l u t i o n t h a t i s r e s t u c t u r l n g a l l l e v ­e l s o f s o c i a l i n t e r c o u r s e . I t i s odd t h a t t h e new l e f t p a r t i e s o v e r l o o k t h e s t r u g ­g l i n g BLA ( c a l l e d so by the s t a t e ) f i g h t ­i n g w i t h arms i n hand, murdered j u s t f o r b e i n g suspect t o d e s p e r a t i o n f o r freedom and i m p r i s o n e d f o r t h e same a s s o c i a t i o n , even i f o n l y i n i d e a l ' , I ' , Yet those v e r y p a r t i e s d i d n o t i g n o r e the B l a c k , w h i t e , women c o m p o s i t i o n o f the SLA. But t h e y r a n l i k e r a b b i t s i n a foX den, denouncing and c r i t i c i z i n g f o r months, what th e y knew n o t h i n g about I ', 1 Why?

Yes, Comrades, we need a p a r t y founded out o f t h i s r e a l arena and h i s t o r y . I n s o l i d a r i t y w i t h freedom f i g h t e r s now c a p t u r e d t h r o u g h the US, A t t i c a B r o t h e r s , New Haven, San Quentin S i x , R u c h e l l and those l i k e t h e Two Tracy B r o t h e r s , Eugene A l l e n and E r n e s t Graham who s t r u g g l e now f o r t h e i r v e r y l i v e s . The l i s t s grows; we must s t r u g g l e w i t h e n f o r c e d method and means 11 I

SEIZE IHE TIME PAGE G

ORGANIZATION: A PRISON PERSPECTIVE We f e e l t h a t t h i s a r t i c l e discusses

s e v e r a l c r i t i c a l i s s u e s p r e s e n t l y con-f r o n t i n g t he r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement. A few o f these a r e :

1. P r a c t i c e as being the c r i t e r i o n o f t h e o r y and r o l e o f polemics.

2. The d i a l e c t i c between mass work and armed s t r u g g l e .

3. The c l a s s r e l a t i o n a o f p r i s o n e r s and s o c i e t y I n g e n e r a l ,

4. The f o r m a t i o n and r o l e o f M a r x i s t -L e n i n i s t p a r t i e s .

Most i m p o r t a n t l y we f e e l t h a t t h i s a r t l e l e does a p p l y George Jackson Thought t o the m i d - s e v e n t i e e , We a l s o f e e l t h a t t h i s a r t i c l e c o r r e c t l y h i g h l i g h t s some o f the areas where George Jackson has been m i s i n t e r p r e t e d - m a i n l y by r e v l s i o n l s t B and r e a c t i o n a r i e s but a l s o by some u l t r a -l e f t i s t s . As Comrade Doc p o i n t s o u t , Ceorge s t r o n g l y p u t s foward t h e need f o r mass work and the danger o f g u e r r i l l a f i g h t e r s becoming i s o l a t e d from t h e masses. Above a l l . F i e l d Marshal Jackson States t h a t the P a r t y i s the p r i m a r y o r g ­a n i a a t i o n and indeed must be b u i l t i n the e a r l i e s t stages o f r e v o l u t i o n ! We o f Seize the Time base our a n a l y s i s on George Jackson Thought. We have some qu e s t i o n s on Doc's a n a l y s i s o f n a t i o n a l s t r u g g l e s and h i s c l a s s d e f i n i t i o n s o f p r i s o n e r s and the lumpen(eg, are the m a r g i n a l l y em­pl o y e d , we t h i n k n o t ) . But p r i m a r i l y we have much u n i t y w i t b Comrade Doc's a r t i ­c l e . T h i r d World S t a f f Seize the Time

I n r e v o l u t i o n a r y l o v e and f e r v o r , we from the p r i s o n s o f C a l i f o r n i a extend t h i s communique t o the s t e e r i n g committee o f the Peoples P a r t y (a r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r i s o n e r o r g a n i z a t i o n , B u f f a l o , New Y o r k ) . From San Quentin Adjustment Center and i n s o l i d a r i t y w i t h a l l freedom f i g h t e r s throughout the w o r l d , who uphold the p r i n c i p l e s o f e g a l i t a r i a n s o c i e t y , and t h r u s t t h e i r b l o o d i n the t h r o a t s o f fascism and imperalism. Death t o t h e I n s e c t who preys upon the l i v e s o f the people

Comrades, we o f the s t r u g g l i n g few, who by design share your s t a t u s as p r i s o n e r s o f the U.S. s u p e r s t a t e , choose t o respond i n c o n s t r u c t i v e c r i t i c i s m t o your p r i n t e d l e t t e r i n the R.U.'s paper "Rev­o l u t i o n " , September 1974, i s s u e e n t i t l e d " L e t t e r from P r i s o n " , sub, "Rips Rev­i s i o n i s t , c a l l f o r New Party"...However, we do not wish t o deny the v e r y c o r r e c t theme and expressed need f o r a new p a r t y and the p o t e n t i a l o f p r i s o n e r s c o n t r i ­b u t i o n s t o the o v e r a l l c l a s s s t r u g g l e . We endorse f u l l y the d i r e need f o r t h a t new p a r t y i n form and I n p r a c t i c e , a p a r t y addressed u n e q u i v o c a l l y t o the p a r t i c u l a r s o f our t i m e , arena and e l e ­ments o f c l a s s f o r c e s w i t h i n t h i s c o u n t r y ! And yes, a s o c i a l i s t / c o m m u n i s t p a r t y i n i d e o l o g y , d i a l e c t i c a l and m a t e r a l i s t i n phil o s o p h y . F u r t h e r s t i l l , we r e c o g n i z e t h a t the i d e n t i t y o f t h i s p a r t y must be working-claaa i n eaaence. While dynamic i n scope and range, i t s f l e x i b i l i t y should be conacious o f p r e v e n t i n g s e c t ­a r i a n d e c i s i o n and unnecessary c o n f u s i o n through premature i d e o l o g i c a l polemics, which o n l y slows the mass movement and p a r t y b u i l d i n g . The p a r t y ' s methodology w i l l of course determine I t s closeness and e f f e c t i v e n e a s t o the masses, p l u s g u i d i n g p r i n c i p l e s t o a r e v o l u t i o n a r y n o n - r e v i s i o n i s t p a r t y i n p r a c t i c e .

I n speaking of the P a r t y , we are r e f e r ­r i n g t o an almost t o t a l p e r s p e c t i v e o f th e movement. A t i t s base and i n every c o n s i d e r a t i o n , i t should u l t i m a t e l y ad­dress i t s e l f t o the q u e s t i o n o f p o l i t i c a l power, t a k i n g c o n t r o l and d e s t r u c t i o n o f the o l d o r d e r s , bases and s u p e r s t r u c t u r e . We can b e l i e v e t h i s can and w i l l o n l y come about by s e v e r a l prolonged and broad s c a l e c o n f r o n t a t i o n s w i t h t h e s t a t e , which a r e e B p o c i a l i y e f f e c t i v e i n a t o t a l l y de-veloped i n d u s t r i a l and t e c h n o l o g i c a l cap­i t a l i s t economy. Under these c o n d i t i o n s , every s e c t o r of s o c i a l p r o t e s t and a c t i ­v i t y i n v a r i a b l e r a i s e s i s s u e w i t h s t a t e power, whether r e f o r m i s t or r e v o l u t i o n a r y . The p a r t y must r e c o g n i z e the s o c i o l o g i ­c a l aspects o f i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g d i f f e r e n t ­i a t e d c l a s s I n t e r e s t s and s t r a t a . This must be done i n a most u n r l g l d s c i e n t i ­f i c manner, remembering always t h a t the p a r t y ' s r e l a t i o n t o the mass and r e v o l u ­

t i o n a r y movement i a b o t h as leader and l e a r n e r , d i s s e m i n a t o r , i n t e r p r e t e r , d i s ­assembler. I n t e g r a t o r w i t h a g e n e r a l l y endleaa push and p u l l o f a l l the move­ments 's components. We now observe a tendency w i t h i n the new p a r t i e s t o be c a r e l e a a , or no t take care t o a v o i d u n s t a b l e , c o n t r a d i c t o r y o p i n i o n , based on sentiments and unexamined weak-neaaea or a t r e n g t h a o f l e f t r e v o l u t i o n a r y a c t i v i t y i n the UiSt movementi There appears two trenda among p a r t y i d e o l o g i ­c a l s t r u g g l e . One i s t o view the p r i m a r y t a s k as t h e o r e t i c a l f o r m u l a t i o n t o be pip e d i n t o t he movement ("ma s ses) ; t h e o t h e r i s t o ground themselves i n the community and b u i l d outward b o t h I n p r a c t i c e and t h e o r y . Of course, the l a t ­t e r i s c l o s e s t t o a M a r x i s t - L e n n i s t - H a o -i s t , c o r r e c t p r o g n o s i s o f p r a c t i c e as bein g i n s e p a r a b l e from t h e o r y and t h e o r y i n s e p a r a b l e from p r a c t i c e . However, n e i t h e r o f the f o l l o w i n g concepts seem t o have y e t been grasped; t h e p a r t y i s not the mass movement, but should be an embodiment and ex p r e s s i o n o f i t s h i g h ­e s t s o c i o - p o l i t i c a l consciousness. And p r i m a r y t a s k i s e x c l u s i v e o f a p r i o r i p a r t y t h e o r y , but p a r t i c u l a r t o the time and f o r c e s a t work i n a g i v e n p e r i o d or c o h d i t i o n .

The p a r t y ' s r o o t s and growth must stem d i r e c t l y from p ragmatic p r a c t i c e , guided by t h e o r y d e r i v e d from m e t i c u l o u s a n a l y ­s i s o f h i s t o r i c a l and present c o n c r e t e c o n d i t i o n s ( i n and out o f t h i s c o u n t r y I) Dogmatic, I n c o r r e c t polemics o f M a r x i s t -L e n i n i s t h i s t o r i c a l d i a l e c t i c s w i l l n o t s u b s t i t u t e f o r the p r e s e n t and past i n ­c o r r e c t , i n s u f f i c i e n t p r a c t i c e s and l i n e s o f d e f u n c t l e f t p a r t i e s or movements. I d e ­o l o g i c a l e t r u K g l c ? Yes, d e f i n i t e l y ! A c l e a r p e r s p e c t i v e o f what we are about? Yes I An a l l - o u t program mass-directsd? Yes. A l l o f these t h i n g s and more ar e de­manded o f s e r i o u s r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s from a l l r a n k s ,

We j o i n w i t h your c a l l and support the need f o r a p a r t y i n p r a c t i c e ; t h e o r e t i ­c a l l y r e l e v a n t , and a prod u c t o f the Amerikan w o r k i n g c l a s s . Encompassing the s t r u g g l e s o f the n a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r and o f t h e women's movement has brought i n t o t h e P a r t y a need f o r f i r m c o m p o s i t i o n o£ t h e o r y and p r a c t i c e embodiment, up t o and i n c l u d i n g r e c o g n i t i o n o f an "automonous" o r g a n i z a t i o n ; a P a r t y i n f a c t and i n form::: Perhaps a t a f u t u r e date we w i l l d i r e c t our c r i t i c i s m h e l d i n regards t o the RU'a ( R e v o l u t i o n a r y Union) and O.L.'s (October League) pre s e n t form. Because we do and have been o b s e r v i n g these young p a r t i e s s t r u g g l e f o r newer p r e s p e c t i v e s . The o l d guard, we leave t o y i e l d t o c o r r e c t p r a c t i c e through example, or see i t s most advanced d e d i c a t e d elements abandon i n c o r r e c t n e s s f o r c o r r e c t r e v o l u t i o n a r y a p p l i c a t i o n , p r o d u c i n g the d e s i r e d move­ment .

Here, our p r i m a r y i n t e r e s t i s you who share what we b e l i e v e w i l l , or cou l d po.c-s l b l y r e p l a c e the h i s t o r i c a l prece­dent o f r a d i c a l i z e d m i d d l e - c l a s s i n t e l ­l e c t u a l l e a d e r s h i p and d e f i n i t i o n o f r e v o l u t i o n a r y methodology.

S u r e l y i t i s a l r e a d y c l e a r . We t h e '•^"^ p r i s o n e r s , who you deny as Lumpen, w i l l be o f major s i g n i f i c a n c e t o the New L e f t T h r u s t which promises the development o f a s e r i o u s t h r e a t t o Amerlka's r u l i n g c l a s s . I t has been e x e m p l i f i e d i n E l -HajJ-Malik-El-3habazz, E l d r i d g c C l e aver. George L. Jackson and many o t h e r leaa known lumpena, who d i s c o v e r e d t h e i r consciousness and j o i n e d the p r o c e s s i o n of humanity i n r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e w h i l e c a p t i v e s o f the s t a t e . F r n n t z Fanon re c o g n i z e d the new lumpen- 'who, trapped between the anguish o f s u i c i d e and maddness, found new l i f e . ' He s a i d even Che pimp, p r o s t i t u t e and h o o l i g a n j o i n e d the r e v o l u t i o n ! Uncle Ho observed, "when t h e p r i s o n gates are open t h e r e a l Dragons w i l l f l y o u t " ! So by whose accord do we Lump the Lumpen i n t o those used by and f o r c a p i t a l i s t h i s t o r i c a l moves toward faaclam? True, Nasi f a s c i s m found s t r o n g armmen, s t r i k e b r e a k e r s , as­sassi n s and s t o r m t r o o p e r elements w i t h i n t h e Lumpen. I g n o r a n t and unorganised s e l f - t a u g h t and s e l f -i n t e r e s t e d w o r k i n g c l a s s Americka t u r n t h e i r heads and c l o s e t h e i r eyes t o the ever r i s i n g f a s c i s t mania i n t h i s c o u n t r y . Comrades, w i t h i n your p r i s o n microcosm, you must a l s o see and contend w i t h t h a t same r e a c t i o n a r y Lumpen who case h i s l o t and s o u l w i t h f a s c i s t p o l i t i c a l I d e a l s ( k n o w i n g l y ) !

Yet, our p a r t i c u l a r h i s t o r y and i t s i n ­s t i t u t i o n a l i z e d r a c i s t e x c l u s i o n o f v a s t segments o f i t s masses from even w o r k i n g c l a s s s t a n d a r d s , have i n f a c t produced q u i t e a l a r g e Lumpen, p r i m a r i l y T h i r d World, non-white r a c i a l m i n o r i t i e s , b ut q u i t e r e v o l u t i o n a r y and r e b e l l i o u s , p l u s a mass base d i s c o n t e n t and f a s t becoming aware o f t h e i r c l a s s f o r c e and t r u e a l i e n s . . . t h a t f r e e open ended growth, should n o t be a s t a g ­nated process by p r e - f o r m u l a d o c t r i n ­a i r e methodology and consequently mis­i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e a l i t y — . For t h e conveniences o f g e t t i n g a t the c e n t r a l p o i n t s o f c r i t i c i s m , we sim p l y s t a t e t h a t we agree w i t h your p o s i t i o n up t o paragraph t h r e e ( 3 ) . At t h i s j u n c t u r e , i t appears t h a t i n ­f l u e n c e s o t h e r than those experienced and analyzed from your p r e s e n t s t a t u s , i n c l u d i n g those o f the community (and l i f e s t y l e ) f r o m which you came, are h e a v i l y o v e r - r u n , and t h e i r p r a g ­m a t i c v a l u e s u b s t i t u t e d by dogmatic, i n c o r r e c t , p o w e r f u l l y a r t i c u l a t e d p r e t e n s i o n s , which we r e c a l l e d b e i n g r u n by t h e RU o f a few months ago su r r o u n d i n g the Lumpen q u e s t i o n . T h i s we view t o be an i n c o r r e c t , borrowed argument out o f a 19th c e n t u r y Marxism and p r e - r e v o l u t i o n a r y Russia. The argument i s n e i t h e r , nor was i t meant t o be a f o r m u l a f o r h i s t o r y a t a l l times i n a l l places u n l i m i t e d . T h i s i s dangerous u n c r i t i c a l o p p o r t u n ­ism passed o f f as a n a l y s i s . Obser­v a t i o n and common sense t e l l s t h i s much! Yet , w i t h updated wording many miscon­c e p t i o n s have c o n v i n c i n g l y argued away fromt h e d i a l e c t i c s o f a l t e r i n g laws de­pending on co n c r e t e c o n d i t i o n s o f any g i v e n c o u n t r y and i n t h e i r s o c i o ­economic, p o l i t i c a l and c u l t u r a l spheres. These i n f l u e n c e s we want t o draw f r o m , but recheck and c o r r e c t f o r h i s t o r i c a l r e v o l u t i o n a r y t e a c h i n g i s not dogmatic u n r e a l f o r m u l a .

N o t i c e i n the mentioned paragraph you s t a t e d : " I n t h e c l a s s s t r u g g l e we u n i t e w i t h the p r o l e t a r i a n l i n e a g a i n s t a l l forms o f bourgeois i d e o l o g y . " Very good I But comrades you su p p o r t n o t u n i t e w i t h the p r o l e t a r i a n l i n e . I f o t h e r w i s e c o n s c i o u s l y , c o n s t r u c t e d you deny t h e d i f f e r e n c e w i t h i n the p r o l e t a r i a n l i n e , w hich i n t e r c o n n e c t s i t s e l f w i t h the common c h a r a c t e r o f a l l p o p u l a r s t r u g g l e s t h r o u g h o u t the w o r l d and w i t h i n t h i s c o u n t r y . Check i t out i n t h i s f o rm, " i n the f i n a l a n a l y s i s the s t r u g g l e o f t h e peasantry i n undeveloped c o u n t r i e s i s a l s o the w o r k i n g ( n o t n e c e s s a r i l y p r o ­l e t a r i a n ) c l a s s s t r u g g l e " , or as Mao r e ­minds us, i n the f i n a l a n a l y s i s " n a t i o n a l s t r u g g l e i s c l a s s s t r u g g l e . " Yet they

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are n o t the game a t a l l times and under any g i v e n c o n d i t i o n s . There must be an account g i v e n f o r a q u a l i t a t i v e and q u a n t i t a t i v e d i f f e r e n c e s w i t h i n the c l a s s s t r u g g l e . Not t o do so would weaken any p a r t y ' s p r a c t i c a l work, perhaps even compromise i t s r e v o l u t i o n a r y f o u n d a t i o n s . South A f r i c k a ' s w h i t e p r o l e t a r i a t i s i n a c t u a l a n t a g o n i s t i c c o n t r a d i c t i o n w i t h South A f r i c k a ' s Blacks.

So t o o . t h e r e are d i f f e r e n c e s among t he U.S. p r o l e t a r l a n t ; d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s ; d i f ­f e r e n t i n t e r e s t s ; p r o g r e s s i v e s t r u g g l e s a t a l t e r i n g unequal l e v e l s , p o s i t i v e s and n e g a t i v e s , even when the p r o l e t a r i a t ex­press i t s c l a s s i n t e r e s t i n o p p o s i t i o n t o c a p i t a l i s t c o n t r o l and r u l e . The p a r t y recognises these d i f f e r e n c e s , s u p p o r t s p r o g r e s s i v e t r e n d s ; u n i t e s w i t h the r e v o l u t i o n a r y elements and g e n e r a l l y s t r u g g l e s t o a g i t a t e and org a n i z e the masses t o h i g h e r , more m i l i t a n t c o n f r o n t a t i o n s w i t h the s t a t e . I t s t a s k i s e q u a l l y t h a t o f d i s r u p t i n g t he r e a c t i o n a r y o r d e r as i t i s t h a t o f o r g a n l a i n g the peoples' movement. I n t h i s l i g h t you. as p a r t y advocates, co u l d n o t p r o p e r l y d e f i n e y o u r s e l v e s aa p a r t o f the p o l i t i c a l l y conscious c l a s s s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t bourgeois c a p i t a l i s t r u l e . The p r o l e t a r i a n l i n e assumes and expresses the b e l i e f t h a t the p r o l e t ­a r i a t are i n f a c t the l e a d i n g r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y c l a s s f o r c e i n the U.S. Th i s q u e s t i o n i s not s e t t l e d l I 1

T h i s apparent s e m a n t i c a l misuse o f u n i t e I n p l a c e Of supp o r t i s drawn out by us because i t appears t o stem from an un­c l e a r p e r s p e c t i v e o f the p r i s o n e r and s i m i l a r l y classed s t a t u s groups w i t h i n the US, p l a c i n g a l l i n t o the p r o l e t a r i a t . T h i s i a not c o r r e c t , and i t i s s i m p l y not p o s s l b l Q t o make sure a broad a l t e r a ­t i o n or change by t r i c k o f word o r t r u s t o f h i s t o r y . A l l the n o n - c a p i t a l i s t and upper-middle c l a s s can't be viewed as p r o ­l e t a r i a n , though they are i n f a c t workers. However, workers or would be work e r s , are not a l l p r o l e t a r i a n . They must t h e r e -f o r c e , h o l d a d i f f e r e n t c l a s s d e f i n i t i o n as w e l l as being q u a n t i t a t i v e l y d i f f e r e n t W i t h p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t g i v e n t o t i m e , p l a c e and r e l a t i o n s h i p t o c a p i t a l i s t p r o ­d u c t i o n .

These are the unemployed, unemployable and m a r g i n a l l y employed, which i n appear­ance you seem t o pla c e i n the p r o l e t a r i a t c l a s s . I n essences however, they are lumpens, made so by and out o f t h i s v e r y permanent r e l a t i o n s h i p t o work and produc­t i o n . By t h i s we mean t h a t p r o l e t a r i a t has a d e f i n i t e meaning which enables us to l o c a t e i t i n i t s c l a s s p o t e n t i a l and form. Th i s c l a s s i n t h i s c o u n t r y f o r the most p a r t i s i n f a c t r e f o r m i s t i n i n t e r e s t , b ourgeois i n o u t - l o o k and made passi v e through the s t a t e ' s r e p o r t ­ed r e a c t i o n a r y v i c t o r y over the workers' movement. Though, again we see the p r o ­l e t a r i a t teeming under the p r e s e n t econo­mic c r i s i s . I n s p i r e d by o t h e r c l a s s r e ­s i s t a n c e mounted f o r t h e most p a r t by the yo u t h and examples o f the oppressed m i n o r i ­t i e s , they w i l l move and r e t a i n p r o g r e s s i v e tQndQncies, being r e c e p t i v e p r i m a r i l y t o r e f o r m i s t and economic s t r u g g l e coupled w i t h some s o c i a l r e f o r m i s t m i l i t a n c Y i though re m a i n i n g v e r y p o l i t i c a l l y im­mature I n c l a s s consciousness.

They w i l l have t o be l e a d , educated and gi v e n example. Thia of course means meeting them a t t h e i r l e v e l o f conscious­ness s u p p o r t i n g t h e i r immediate I n t e r e s t s , b u t pushing and p u l l i n g t he p r o l e t a r a i t c l a s s conscious movement. T h e r e f o r e , i t ' s again u n r e a l i s t i c t o s t a t e t h a t you support no r e f o r m i s t ac­t i v i t y , s i n c e o b v i o u s l y some s e c t o r s o£ t h e masses, p a r t i c u l a r y our p r o l e t a r i a t , must pass from t h a t p o i n t t o mora m i l i t a n t p r o s i t i o n s . Nor c o u l d i t be c o r r e c t l y s t a t e d t h a t you u n i t e w i t h a l l forms o f ^'proletarian'' l i n e a g a i n s t a l l forms o f ^o u r g e o i s * ^ i d e o l o g y , which i a i n f a c t t a k i n g t h e aame g e n e r a l p o s i t i o n as Angela Davis, the DPUSA, the S o c i a l i s t P a r t y , T r o k s k y i t i e s or whatever. I t becomes polemics',!! P r a c t i c e i n form must be the c r i t i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n d e t e r m i n ­ed by our I n t e n d e d o b j e c t i v e . T h i s c r i ­t i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n i s n o t t o be mistaken t o mean or t o im p l y t h a t r e v i s i o n i s t p s e u d o - r e v o l u t i o n a r y p o l i t i c s are not t o be s t r u g g l e d a g a i n s t , and on a l l l e v e l s .

Note the women's movement has a t t h i s w r i t i n g over 30,000,000 workers i n t h i s p r o l e t a r i a t p o s i t i o n . There are a l s o many f e m i n i s t groups, most o f which are s e c t a r i a n , r e f o r m i s t or semi-class con­sciou s s o c i a l i s t s . We s t r u g g l e i n i d e o ­l o g y a g a i n s t a l l s e c t a r i a n movements Which do no t promise i n p r a c t i c e , t h e o r y and o b j e c t i v e t o u n i t e w i t h r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y e g a l i t a r i a n I d e o l o g y , and we h e i g h t e n , t h r o u g h encountered push and p u l l , l e a r n , and teach the r e f o r m i s t or l e s s developed s o c i a l i s t c l a s s con­sciousness. S t r u g g l e i s c o r r e c t l y neces­s a r y t o b u i l d a mass movement w i t h enough f l e x i b i l i t y f o r t h a t t a s k . But we must remain f i r m i n r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e s . From here we b u i l d a b a s i s f o r t h e P a r t y and r e v o l u t i o n a r y c u l t u r e . The r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y P a r t y can not be a mass p a r t y however, u n t i l I t has developed as such t h r o u g h d i r e c t c o n t a c t and i n f l u e n c e w i t h i n t h e movement. T h i s i s t o say, t h e p a r t y ' s t a s k i s t o u n i t e the s t r u g g l e w i t h i n t h e many areas o f the mass move­ment w i t h o u t becoming l e d by t h a t move-

tJlien fi^ prisons are oven^f

ment which e x i s t s w i t h i n p r e s e n t s o c i o ­p o l i t i c a l - e c o n o m i c i n s t i t u t i o n s . To do so, would l e a d the p a r t y away from i t s r e v o l u t i o n a r y form i n t o a r e v i s i o n i s t form. R e c a l l t h a t the major t a s k i s u l ­t i m a t e l y t o c o n f r o n t the s t a t e t o s t r u g ­g l e f o r power; t o ov e r - t h r o w r e a c t i o n a r y r u l e w i t h people's r e v o l u t i o n a r y r u l e ; t o o v e r t h r o w c a p i t a l i s t d i c t a t o r s h i p w i t h s o c i a l i s t e g a l i t a r i a n l s m ,

N o t i c e t h e i d e o l o g y i s broader i n i m p l i ­c a t i o n than t h e o b j e c t i v e o f d i c t a ­t o r s h i p o f the p r o l e t a r i a t and v e r y c o n s i o u s l y so. Because t h e form our h i s t o r y has ta k e n , i t s c l a s s and n a t i o n a l make-up, i s unique w i t h i n i t s own, w i t h o u t c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f the n a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t h i s s t r u g g l e w i l l t a k e . I t i s our p o s i t i o n t h a t any f u l l r e v o l ­u t i o n a r y s o c i a l i s t i d e o l o g y must r e ­cognize t h e e q u a l i t y o f power r e p r e s e n t a ­t i o n by n a t i o n a l and c l a s s make-up. Power can't be expected t o a l t e r o f i t s own, w i t h o u t an a n a l y s i s Implanted i n r e v o ] u -t l o n a r y i d e o l o g y . I t i s r i g h t i s t and r e a c t i o n a r y t o i g n o r e t h e r a c i s m , s t r u g ­g l e s f o r l i b e r a t i o n and n a t i o n a l m i n o r i ­t i e s ' i n t e r e s t s w i t h i n t h i s c o u n t r y ' s over the c l a s s s t r u g g l e . A l s o , i t lends i t s e l f t o o t h e r I n c o r r e c t o v e r s i g h t s about c o n d i t i o n s which are p a r t o f , and have p l a c e i n t h i s r e v o l u t i o n we are a-bou t . I n c o r r e c t a n a l y s i s produces I n c o r r e c t t h e o r y which leads t o i n c o r r e c t I d e o l o g y . Comrades we agree and r e l a t e t o the r e v o l ­u t i o n a r y r a m i f i c a t i o n s o f t h e A t t i c a p r i s o n r e b e l l i o n J u s t as we a l s o r e c o g n i z e the experience and l e s s o n drawn from the 1970-August 7 t h r a i d on Ma r i n County Courthouse; which was f u r t h e r p u n c t u a t ­ed by the August 21st 1971 r e s i s t a n c e r e ­v o l t a t San Quentin. Yes these were e x e m p l i f i c a t i o n s o f advanced r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r a c t i c e and consciousness. The r e v o l u ­t i o n a r i e s ! The most desperate o f the oppressed, gave beyond r e f o r m i s t d e s i r e and a c t i n g w i t h i n t i m e p l a c e d on them, t h e i r examples are a preview t o the aspects t h i s s t r u g g l e w i l l t a k e i n form and the n a t u r e o f i t s vanguard elements. L u m p e n - p r o l e t a r i a t , p r i m a r i l y T h i r d World i n o r i g i n , armed w i t h an up-dated n a t i o n a l and c l a s s s o c i a l i s t o u t l o o k t h a t advances any pr e s e n t p a r t y ' s M a r x i a t -L e n n l s t i d e o l o g y o f how the r e v o l u t i o n must advance i t s e l f I n face o f Amerikan c a p i t a l i s m (which has reached t h e awesome a n t i - p e o p l e stage o f f a s c i s m ) . You've r a i s e d the banner o f t h i s move­ment b u r s t i n g p r i s o n s ' bonds. Yet you've f a i l e d t o see as o f y e t , how t e r r i b l y d i ­vorced from these advanced l e s s o n s , even the new p a r t i e s are I n t h e o r y and p r a c t i c e . (The new p a r t y must r e c o g n i z e what c o n d i t i o n s i t reaches out o f toward the h e r o i c masses), why t h e p r i s o n s are over f i l l i n g and why the masses can.

SEIZE THE TIME

over n i g h t become " c r i m i n a l s " and i n ­c a r c e r a t e d by t h e thousands(by c o u r t de­cree o f one man), and why t h e c o u n t r y can be set a t war w h l t h o u t c o n s t i t u t i o n a l "guarantees" and a g a i n s t p o p u l a r i n t e r e s t ! How do they now i n h e r i t a p r e s i d e n t r a t h e r than even go th r o u g h t h e facade o f e l e c -t o r a l procedures? Fascism o f an o r d e r i s i n power, l i k e t h e s t a t e under cap­i t a l i s t r u l e , i t w i l l n o t accept c h a l ­lenge except more v i c i o u s l y s o l ! I I t i s n o t t h a t some elements have l o s t f a i t h i n t h e masses and thus view t h e g u e r r i l l a s t r u g g l e as a p a r t o f the needed s t r a t e g y ! On t h e c o n t r a r y i t ' s t h e b e l i e f I n t h e masses, and knowledge of t h e f a s c i s t s t a s t e f o r v i o l e n c e as w e l l as d i s r e g a r d f o r t h e I n t e r e s t s o f pop u l a r demand, which pushes t h i s i s s u e t o t a s k , n o t as the i d e o l o g y or t h e o r y t o B O Q l f l l l B t r o v o l u t i o n I n I t s Q l f , b u t as a means v e r y p a r t i c u l a r t o i t s con­c r e t e c o n d i t i o n s and t h e form i t must t a k e . The P a r t y needn't wo r r y about b r i n g i n g on r e p r e s s i o n o r the i n c o r ­r e c t n e s s o f armed s t r u g g l e i n t h e g u e r r i l l a form. An elementary t r u t h i s t h a t g u e r r i l l a war does n o t happen o r work i n i s o l a t i o n , or w i t h o u t the peoples' support.

Y e t , l e t ' s n o t jump t o say any r a g - t a g a m a t e u r i s t l c a d v e n t u r i s t move i n t o g u e r r i l l a s t r u g g l e should n o t be c r i t i c i s e d a c c o r d i n g t o c o n c r e t e r e a l i s t i c c o n d i t i o n s . The p a r t y must have grasp o f t h i s concept t o enable i t t o make c o r r e c t a n a l y s i s . Your a r t i c l e comrade, does n o t r e f l e c t even a b a s i c u n d e r s t a n d i n g i n t o t h i s arena. We sug­gest you r e - r e a d George Jackson's Blood I n My Eye ....Reliance on t h e masses i s t h e r e pressed home! The p a r t y i s seen above a l l and c a l l e d f o r t h , c h a l l e n g e d .

I f i t f a i l s , i t must be r e p l a c e d by a r e v o l u t i o n a r y p a r t y . The new p a r t y c o u l d v e r y w e l l be any o f t h e young organs we observe s t r u g g l i n g t o r e l a t e t h e i r t h e o r y and p r a c t i c e t o our needs. However, a p a r t y bogged down i n endless p o l e m i c s , unaware o f d i s t i n c t i o n s between mass and p a r t y l i n e , w i s e seekers i n a l l p o l i t i c a l m a t t e r s , i s n o t a people's p a r t y r o o t e d i n and l e a r n i n g from t h e masses. A p a r t y which can no t make t h e d i s t i n c t i o n between s t r a t e g y and t a c t i c s , or the g e n e r a l from the p a r t i c u l a r s of a c o r r e c t methology i s a p a r t y bound i n s e l f j u s t i f i c a t i o n and s e t i n t e r e s t s . We saw the Black Panther P a r t y l o s e i t s d i r e c t i o n t h r o u g h t h i s above approach, i n p l a c e o f a t r u l y o v e r - t u r n i n g i d e o l o g i ­c a l s t r u g g l e . At t h e p r e s e n t your c r i t i ­cism o f the r e v i s i o n i s t CP and o t h e r r e a c t i o n a r y l e f t o r i e n t a t e d d o c t r i n a r i a n groups, can a l s o be q u a l i t a t i v e l y a p p l i e d t o b o t h the RU and OL i n t h e i r redundant s e l f i n t r a p p e d polemics o f o u t d a t e d 1917 pre-Russlan r e v o l u t i o n . You are c o r r e c t n o t t o r e j e c t any t a c t i c "out o f hand", e s p e c i a l l y those i f which you possess l i m i t e d knowledge and l e s s o f i t s p r a c t i c e you've had chance t o see. Though be warned my comrades: those guns above your head are r e a l ; i s o l a t i o n f o r your p o l i t i c a l b e l i e f s when i n p r i s o n i s r e a l : and most sad o f a l l I s t h a t your p o s i t i o n f o r t a l k i n g s e r i o u s r e v o l u t i o n i s p a t h e t i c a l l y weak. You know q u i t e w e l l t h a t a mass o f thousands s t o r m i n g the f o r t r e s s i n which you are c a p t i v e s , would d i e f o r t y f e e t b e f o r e t o u c h i n g t h e w a l l s , e s p e c i a l l y w i t h o u t m i l i t a r y understand ( i f they had such an under­s t a n d i n g they would n o t storm t h e w a l l i n t h e f i r s t p l a c e ) No, don't r e j e c t " o u t o f hand"; h i s t o r y teaches more. Keep l e a r n i n g and Improving...Fanon, Che, A m i l c a r C a b r a l , W i l l i a m Pomery, George Jackson and o t h e r s are seemingly b e i n g w r i t t e n out o f our l e a r n i n g manuals by someone. Who? Then pass o u t o f Russian, China and Cuban h i s t o r y and f a m i l i a r i z e y o u r s e l f w i t h US h i s t o r y , t he n a t i o n a l and l a b o r movements i n p a r t i c u l a r . How many o f of you are aware o f t h e p e c u l i a r i n s t i t u ­t i o n s (U.S. s l a v e r y ) and I t s r e l a t i o n t o t h e p r e s e n t c l a s s s t r u g g l e ? W e l l , i n i t s h i s t o r y a r e a l s o connected t h e Amerikan b o u r g e o i s i e and democratic r e v o l u t i o n . How many o f you know what Samuel Gompers (AFL) r o l e p l a y e d i n t h i s h i s t o r y or movements l i k e t h e I n d u s t r i a l Workers o f t h e World p l a y e d i n h i s t o r y ? Do you know beyond elem-

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d e f i c i e n c y t h a t i n h i b i t s t h e development of b l a c k w o r k i n g c l a s s s o l i d a r i t y and r e v o l u t i o n a r y u n i t y w i t h i n t h e movement. That r e i n f o r c e s narrow r e g i o n a l i s m and i s o l a t i o n o f our o v e r a l l s t r u g g l e . Everywhere we t u r n the b l a c k b o u r g e o i s i e , and p e t t 3 ' b o u r g e o i s i e are I n cqmmand. Tu r n i n g ever away from r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s , d i s t o r t i n g our peoples per­s p e c t i v e , h i n d e r i n g t h e i r r e v o l u t i o n a r y growth as a n a t i o n a l m i n o r i t y w i t h c e r t a i n c o n c r e t e h i s t o r i c a l tasks t o perform. They p l a c e primacy on means i n s t e a d o f the g o a l . For these "mack men" and o p p o r t u n i s t s , the economical c r i s i s

"We're Involved in a War -

A People's War against those who

Oppress the People, This is War in

the Clearest Sense of the Word,"

o f c a p i t a l i s m as a whole i s s u b s e r v i e n t t o the " r a c i a l i n e q u a l i t y " of our people. When the l a t t e r i s a consequence o f the former. Thus the l o t o f the masses o f poor Blacks doesn't and cannot improve w i t h b l a c k mayors and b l a c k congressmen. Look a t Newark, Gary, e t c . The alignment o f c a p i t a l i s t c o n t r o l negates the s o l u ­t i o n o f p o l i t i c a l c o n t r o l by Blacks as our u l t i m a t e s o l u t i o n . I n s t e a d we must see t h a t e l e c t o r a l p o l i t i c s are a t a c t i ­c a l form o f s t r u g g l e , aimed a t i n c r e a s i n g the e v i d e n t c r i s i s o f the c a p i t a l i s t s t a t e . Not a l l i v a l a t l n g t h i s c r i s i s . W i t h t h i s I n mind, e l e c t o r a l p o l i t i c s must p r e t e n d t o be a 'moderating' f o r c e between the s t r u g g l e and t h e enemy, w h i l e i n f a c t i t i s a m a t e r i a l p a r t o f the peoples' r e v o l u t i o n a r y con­s t r u c t i o n . Who w i l l t r u s t t h i s r o l e t o the b l a c k b o u r g e o i s i e w i t h o u t r e s t r i c t i o n and chastisement? And how would the lower c l a s s a l l y themselves w i t h an e s s e n t i a l l y c o l o n i a l b o u r g e o i s i e ( k n o w i n g t h e i r d i r e n a t u r e ) unless these lower classes had the a b i l i t y t o c h a s t i s e and d i r e c t t h e i r s t r u g g l e ? I t i s the o r g a n i z e d arms o f the w o r k i n g and lower c l a s s t h a t i s the b a s i s f o r t h e i r a l l i a n c e w i t h t h e i r b o u r g e o i s i e . Again u n i t y i s f i r e p o w e r . I t i s a funda­mental aspect o f a l l i a n c e s w i t h o t h e r classes and groups and the b a s i c means by which the lower classes assure t h e i r p o l i t i c a l independence. We say t h i s f o r v a r i o u s reasons. Any examination o f our s t r u g g l e , i t s development from one stage t o the next has proven beyond a doubt t h a t the b l a c k b o u r g e o i s i e and b l a c k p e t ­t y b o u r g e o i s i e are o p p o r t u n i s t i c a l l y i n -l i n e d . This does not mean t h a t under cer­t a i n c o n d i t i o n s a l l i a n c e s w i t h them are not p o s s i b l e , on the c o n t r a r y . I t o n l y means t h a t a v i g i l a n c e must a t a l l times be m a i n t a i n e d , or they w i l l v a c i l l a t e and s e l l out t o the enemy. That i s t h e i r c l a s s n a t u r e . But t h e r e i s a p o s i t i v e r o l e they can p l a y I n the s t r u g g l e , and they must be h e l d t o t h i s r o l e . Looking a t the " c i v i l r i g h t s " phase i n our s t r u g ­g l e can g i v e us c o u n t l e s s examples o f the c l a s s n a t u r e o f the b l a c k b o u r g e o i s i e , i t s c o n c l l i t o r y and c o l l a b o r a t i o n i s t per­s p e c t i v e . A l t h o u g h the c i v i l r i g h t s phase was a necessary and i m p o r t a n t phase, a l ­though i t can c l a i m many i m p o r t a n t v i c ­t o r i e s f o r our people and r a i s e d t h e i r consciousness c o n s i d e r a b l y , i t s t i l l had w i t h i n i t , i t s major p o l i t i c a l l i n e , t h e seeds o f f u t u r e d i s s e n t i o n , d i v i s i o n and Impotency. The concepts o f modern "Black

Power" grew out o f the p r i n c i p l e c o n t r a ­d i c t i o n o f the bourgeois l l n e ( i n t e g r a t i o n -reformism) o f the c i v i l r i g h t s s t r u g g l e . The p r i n c i p l e c o n t r a d i c t i o n being w i t h i n t h a t l i n e and the p r e v a i l i n g r a c i s t na­t u r e o f dominant w h i t e s o c i e t y b e i n g the c o n d i t i o n s f o r f a i l u r e o f the b l a c k i n t e -g r a t i o n i s t l i n e . Now i t i s g e n e r a l l y ac­cepted t h a t t h e r e i s no r e a l e q u a l i t y f o r Blacks or workers under the e x i s t i n g soc­i a l , p o l i t i c a l and economic s t r u c t u r e . Not f o r the masses o f Black people, maybe f o r a few " f r o n t n i g g e r s . " I n t e g r a t i o n l s t s a t t h a t time Ignored the f a c t t h a t Black people as a n a t i o n a l m i n o r i t y must f i r s t a c q u i r e n a t i o n a l s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n be­f o r e they c o u l d even t h i n k o f e q u a l i t y , and the bourgeois i n t e g r a t l o n i s t s f a i l e d t o grasp t h a t t h i s c o u l d o n l y be p o s s i b l e i n a r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o n t e s t and was i n the I n t e r o s t of a l l ameriean s o c i e t y .

Tn response t o these i d e o l o g i c a l s h o r t ­comings of the c i v i l r i g h t s l e a d e r s h i p , b l a c k power was put f o r t h . But i n a l l honesty i t must be s a i d t h a t b l a c k power, community c o n t r o l o f the i n s t i t u t i o n s w i t h i n the b l a c k community, was a l s o bourgeois i n n a t u r e . I n t h a t i t was b a s i c a l l y r e f o r m i s t and d i d not s t r i k e a t t h e r o o t s o f c a p i t a l i s m . T a c t i c a l l y i t was v a l u a b l e , b u t once the t a c t i c was confused w i t h the g o a l , b l a c k power produced the unique phenomenon o f the b l a c k bourgeosie n a t i o n a l i s t whose c l a s s p e r s p e c t i v e saw o n l y b l a c k , and who l i k e t h e bourgeois c i v i l r i g h t e r s b e f o r e him stopped s h o r t o f r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e and adapted i n s t e a d t o r e f o r m ­ism i n b l a c k f a c e . T h i s was o f course t o be expected g i v e n the c o n d i t i o n s under which b l a c k power had t o ev o l v e . There was no b u i l d i n g o f the o r g a n i z e d g u e r i l l a f r o n t , no c o n s l s t a n t o r g a n i z e d armed s t r u g g l e upon which b l a c k power cou l d hang i t s h a t . Consequently i t succumbed t o bourgeois l e a d e r s h i p . The development o f armed s e l f - d e f e n s e i s not w i t h i n t h i s c o n t e x t t r u l y r e v o l u t i o n i z i n g . Yet i t too grew out o£ the same o v e r a l l c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e c i v i l r i g h t s s t r u g g l e ( r e a l l y an e m o t i o n a l response t o the b r u t a l i t y o f n o n - v i o l e n c e ) . S e l f -defense i s o n l y p a r t o f a d i a l e c t i c a l whole known as War. The o t h e r h a l f i s o f f e n s e . There can be no defense w i t h ­out o f f e n s e j u s t . a s t h e r e c o u l d be no v i c t o r y w i t h o u t d e f e a t . Both are i n t e r ­r e l a t e d w i t h i n t he whole known as war. What i s v i c t o r y f o r us most c e r t a l n t l y i s d e f e a t f o r t h e enemy. When n e i t h e r e x i s t s i t ' s c a l l e d s t a l e m a t e . For us t o simpl y -defend o u r s e l v e s from the op­pre s s o r i s the same as l e a v i n g him w i t h the permanent i n i t i a t i v e . You can no t ex­pect t o do t h i s and w i n the war. Yet t h i s i s p r e c i s e l y how the r i g h t t o s e l f -defense was p u t . I s i t any wonder t h e n , t h a t the people were confused as t o t h e n a t u r e o f r e v o l u t i o n a r y armed s t r u g g l e , and viewed i t from a bourgeois p e r ­s p e c t i v e as s u i c i d a l ? And from t h i s p e r s p e c t i v e armed s t r u g g l e i s Indeed " s u i c i d a l " . N o t h i n g we can ever do w i l l be s u c c e s s f u l unless we b u i l d t o make i t so. T h i s a p p l i e s t o armed s t r u g g l e as w e l l as any o t h e r form o f s o c i a l s t r u g g l e . But i n b u i l d i n g any s t r u c ­t u r e i t i s necessary t o co n s i d e r a l l f a c t o r s , i n c o r p o r a t e t h i s c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n our plans and make them m u t u a l l y sup­p o r t i v e wherever p o s s i b l e .

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ "" PAGE 9

We must c e r t a i n l y cannot " r a l l y " our enemy i n t o o b l i v i o n o r t a l k him o u t o f e x i s t e n c e . Nor can we v o t e t h e r u l i n g c l a s s out o f c o n t r o l and power. We cannot pray him o u t , or o u t - c a p i t a l i s t him, p i c k e t him o u t , or b o y c o t t him out . But w i t h a l l these going on and i n c r e a s i n g i n tempo and i n t e n s i t y over a p r o t r a c t e d p e r i o d o f t i m e , w i t h a l l these f a c t o r s p l u s c o n s l s t a n t armed s t r u g g l e on a l l f r o n t s , we can c r e a t e c o n d i t i o n s t h a t w i l l throw the r u l i n g c l a s s i n t o t h e j u n k heap w i t h r a c i s t c a p i t a l i s m . Only a c o - o r d i n a t e d e f f o r t on the mass f r o n t and the g u e r r i l l a f r o n t can change the e x i s t i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p o f moti o n and f o r c e s , pave the way f o r new l e v e l s o f S t r u g g l e , and c r e a t e t h e c r i s i s o f US im­p e r i a l i s m t h a t o t h e r T h i r d World n a t i o n s so d e s p e r a t e l y need. We must weaken the enemy u n t i l he can be d e a l t the death blow t h a t w i l l h e r a l d i n a new era f o r the w o r l d ' s poor and d i s e n f r a n c h i s e d peoples. T h i s i s no easy t a s k , f o r i t r e q u i r e s a s u b j e c t i v e w i l l f a r be­yond the s h a l l o w sham bourgeois I n d i v i d u a l i s m we tend t o l o v e so much. Our t a s k as r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s , p r o g r e s ­s i v e s and conscious b r o t h e r s and s i s t e r s i s t o l i n k t h e s t r u g g l e f o r l i b e r a t i o n w i t h the peoples' d a i l y l i v e s and make them one continuous movement. Armed pro­t r a c t e d g u e r r i l l a s t r u g g l e i s an i n d i s ­pensable i n g r e d i e n t i n c a r r y i n g out t h i s t a s k . Our very a u r v i v a l depends on how w e l l we re c o g n i z e t h i s f a c t and deal w i t h i t . The enemy knows t h i s as w e l l as we do. But he cannot d e a l w i t h I n h e r e n t con­t r a d i c t i o n s b u i l t i n t o h i s v e r y system of e x p l o i t a t i o n w i t h o u t d e a l i n g w i t h h i m s e l f . These c o n t r a d i c t i o n s are on the s i d e o f p r o g r e s s , on our s i d e , and we must n o t back o f f from our casks.

Ri c h a r d Dharuba Moore #19979 Drawer B S t o r m v i l l e , New York, 12582

P r e s e n t l y s e r v i n g t i m e f o r a t t e m p t e d mur­der w i t h a machine gun o f 2 policemen. Was a r r e s t e d but a c q u i t t e d on a l l charges i n New York stemming from s e v e r a l cases i n v o l v i n g t h e NY 21, Author and r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y worker o f oppressed communities.

THE FRONT COVER Saundra P r a t t was one o f the many cour­ageous women who have fought f o r l i b e r a ­t i o n o f t h e i r people and t h e i r s i s t e r s . She was a young Black woman, a member o f the Los Angeles Chapter o f the o l d BPP and about t o be a mother when she was was murdered. Her l o v e o f the people, her p r a c t i c e and her l e a d e r s h i p made her stand o u t , and u n f o r t u n a t e l y made her a t a r g e t f o r a s s a s s i n a t i o n . She was a l s o the w i f e o f Elmer "Geronimo" P r a t t , t h e c h a i r o f the LA BPP Chapter a f t e r t he po­l i c e - a g e n t murder o f Bunchy C a r t e r , The much p u b l i c i z e d b r u t a l , slow t o r t u r e , e x e c u t i o n o f Saundra P r a t t has n o t been s o l v e d . The LAPD r e ­fused t o i n v e s t i g a t e s t a t i n g t h a t her body was not found i n Los Angeles. Lynwood p o l i c e r e f u s e d t o i n v e s t i g a t e s t a t i n g t h a t they d i d n ' t f e e l Saundra was k i l l e d t h e r e . The s t a t e p o l i c e d i d n o t h i n g . The FBI t o o k over and threw wate r on the f i r e and f o r g o t i t . However we haven't f o r g o t . *

Nguyen T h i Binh(Madamn Blnh) i s an­o t h e r o u t s t a n d i n g example o f the s t r e n g t h o f women i n t h e r e v o l u t i o n . She i s b o t h t h e F o r e i g n M i n i s t e r o f the P r o v i s i o n a l R e v o l u t i o n a r y Government o f South V i e t Nam, She has t r a v e l e d t o many c o u n t r i e s i n Af­r i c a and A s i a , Cuba and Europe t o r e p r e ­sent the Vietnamese people. She was t h e c h i e f n e g o t i a t o r i n P a r i s f o r the PRG.

Her s t r u g g l e as a Vietnamese p a t r i o t , as a woman and as a s o c i a l i s t has not been easy. She says, "We o r g a n i z e d v i l l a g e by v i l l a g e . Those who knew how t o f i g h t t a u g h t o t h e r s . I t was the t h i r d t i m e we f o u g h t . One day we w i l l have a b e a u t i f u l l i f e , i f not f o r o u r s e l v e s , t h e n f o r our c h i l d r e n . "

* March 8 t h , I n t e r n a t i o n a l Women's Day

i s a day set a s i d e t o acknowledge women l i k e Saundra P r a t t and Madamn Binh and a l l t h a t women do i n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t t h e o p p r e s s i o n o f women and a l l o t h e r forms o f o p p r e s s i o n f o r t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f a l l p eople. CELEBRATE MARCH STHl

SEIZE THE TIME

MESSAGES TO THE PEOPLE BLA*t NEW YEAR MESSAGE

BLA's WAR OF THE FLEA

The l e v e l o f oppr e s s i o n o f Black and T h l r l d World people w i t h i n the c o n f i n e s o f Babylon ( U n i t e d S t a t e s o f America) has e s c a l a t e d t o the p o i n t where i t cannot l o g i c a l l y be d i s p u t e d t h a t g u e r r i l l a w a r f a r e i s a n e c e s s i t y and a must i n order t o i n s u r e t h e s u r v i v a l , freedom and l i b e r a t i o n o f Black and oppres­sed people i n t h i s c o u n t r y . I n the past few y e a r s , s i n c e the B l a c k L i b e r a t i o n Army has o v e r t l y been i n e x i s t e n c e t h e r e has been numerous d i s p u t e s about the purpose f o r i t s e x i s t e n c e . We are t a k i n g t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y now, a t the b e g i n n i n g o f the new year, which t o us w i l l be t h e "Year o f the F l e a " t o c o r r e c t a l l m istaken ideas as t o the reason f o r the e x i s t e n c e o£ the BLA and the methods she army i n t e n d s t o and has used t o o b t a i n thQ d e s i r e d o b j e c t i v e .

F i r s t and foremost i t should be c l e a r l y understood t h a t we are the Army o f and f o r Black and T h i r d World oppressed people as our w i l l . The pr i m a r y o b j e c t i v e of our Army, as pr o c l a i m e d t i m e and time again t o the Black community/colony and the w o r l d . I s t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f Black and T h i r d World people w i t h i n the con­f i n e s o f Babylon and t o c o n t i n u e the r e v o l u t i o n u n t i l the f o r c e s o f oppres­s i o n i n the person o f r a c i s m , c a p i t a l i s m and i m p e r i a l i s m i s d r i v e n from t h e p l a n e t e a r t h .

Without an army s t a n d i n g on the people's s i d e i t ' s i m p o s s i b l e f o r them t o w i n t h e i r freedom, and t o e s t a b l i s h r e v ­o l u t i o n a r y p o l i t i c a l power. We say s o c i a l p r a c t i c e i s the c r i t e r i a f o r

•' . -->u'd say the p r o o f o f the pudding t a s t e , Malcolm s a i d time w i l l

t e i i , and the p i g s have shown us the t r u t h of t h i s statement through t h e i r a c t i o n s .

I f Black people had had a l i b e r a t i o n army armed w i t h a s c i e n t i f i c a n a l y s i s t h e r e would not have been no "hundred years of l y n c h l n g s . " I f we had had a Black L i b e r a t i o n Army armed w i t h the guns o f freedom t h e r e would n o t have been no Orangeburg Massacre.

I f we had a l i b e r a t i o n army t h a t was armed w i t h t he p o p u l a r support o f t h e

masses o f oppressed people we c o u l d once and f o r a l l throw o f f the yoke o f r a c i s t and economic bondage and take our p l a c e I n t h e sun as f r e e men and women un­swayed by a need t o s a c r i f i c e our Black manhood and womanhood I n o r d e r t o make sure t h e r e i s food on the t a b l e t o eat and a r o o f over our heads.

NOW WE. ARE HERE; I f you have not been conscious o f our e x i s t e n c e I t has n o t been because our backs have been broken. I t ' s because we've been i n v o l v e d i n a S t r a t e g i c r e t r e a t and t a c t i c a l r e ­g r o u p i n g . The p o l i c i e s o f our army are r e f l e c t i v e o f the u r g e n t demands of B l a c k and T h i r d World oppressed people and c h i e f among them a r e :

1) Freedom and s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n 2) F u l l employment f o r Black and

oppressed people 3) End t o the robbery by t h e cap­

i t a l i s t o f our communities d) Decent housing f i t f o r s h e l t e r o f

human beings 5) Decent e d u c a t i o n f o r our people

t h a t exposes the t r u e n a t u r e o f t h i s decadent s o c i e t y , t h a t teaches us our t r u e h i s t o r y and our r o l e i n the p r e s e n t s o c i e t y .

6) A l l Black men be exempt from the m i l i t a r y s e r v i c e

7) An immediate end t o p o l i c e b r u t a l i t y and murder o f Black people

8) Freedom f o r a l l B l a c k and oppressed people h e l d I n f e d e r a l , s t a t e , county and c i t y p r i s o n s and j a i l s because they have n o t r e c e i v e d a f a i r and i m p a r t i a l t r i a l

9) That a l l B l a c k people be t r i e d by j u r i e s o f t h e i r peergroup i n a people's c o u r t

10) Land, bread, h o u s i n g , e d u c a t i o n , c l o t h i n g , j u s t i c e and peace.

Then, we o f the Black L i b e r a t i o n Army understand t h a t i n o r d e r f o r us t o f u l f i l l these u r g e n t demands o f the people i t i s necessary f o r us t o d e s t r o y c a p i t a l i s m and a l l i t s v a l u e systems. What then are our I n t e n t i o n s ? Our i n t e n ­t i o n s are t o p r o v i d e f o o d , c l o t h i n g and s h e l t e r f o r our people. Our I n t e n t i o n s are t o sto p p o l i c e b r u t a l i t y and senseless murder o f our y o u t h i n our communities.

-rut YwK*

Our i n t e n t i o n s are t o avenge the murders R i t a L l o y d , Tyrone Guyton, C l i f f o r d G l over, Emmett T i l l , Ricky Bolden, Greg­ory White, Twymon Myers, R a b b i t , Klmu, Claude Reese and c o u n t l e s s o t h e r s who f e l l a t the hands o f the r a c i s t p i g oppressors who occupy our communities.

Our i n t e n t i o n s are t o b r i n g r e v o l u t i o n a r y j u s t i c e t o the enemies o f our people's freedom and t o l i b e r a t e our p r i s o n e r s of war o f US f a s c i s m . Our i n t e n t i o n s are t o wreak havoc across Babylon, t o ambush, a t t a c k , r a i d , p r o t e s t , sabotage and u l t i m a t e l y d e s t r o y everyone and every­t h i n g t h a t stands i n the way o f the people's r i g h t t o be f r e e . J u s t as the t i n i e s t f l e a can d r i v e t he l a r g e s t dog to h i s knees, our i n t e n t i o n s are t o wage the war o f the f l e a i n Babylon.

Then our i n t e n t i o n s are t o b u i l d a s o c i e t y t h a t t r u l y works i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e broad masses o f t h e people. To b a i l d a s o c i a l i s t s o c i e t y b u i l d i n g i t s f o u n d a t i o n on the economic t h e o r y o f "From each a c c o r d i n g t o h i s a b i l i t y and to each a c c o r d i n g t o h i s need." U n t i l these demands are met We w i l l n o t r e t r e a t a s i n g l e i n c h , and we w i l l be heard'.'. I

AMISTAD COLLECTIVE BLACK LIBERATION ARMY

AN UNARMED PEOPLE S U B J E C T T O S L A V E R Y

I ANY TIME

ree f o r OMX

ON SELF DEFENSE

Thi s i s an e x c e r p t from a f u t u r e c e n t e r ­f o l d o f "Seize The Time"

..,.We take t h e Vietnamese v i e w on the combination o f f o r c e s . Le Duan States t h a t , "The August R e v o l u t i o n , l i k e peoples' r e v o l u t i o n s i n o t h e r coun­t r i e s , has t a u g h t the South Vietnamese r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s t h a t any r e v o l u t i o n w i t h a marked p o p u l a r c h a r a c t e r must use b o t h p o l i t i c a l and m i l i t a r y f o r c e s t o secure v i c t o r y . R e v o l u t i o n b e i n g t h e u p r i s i n g o f t h e oppressed and e x p l o i t e d masses, one must adopt t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y mass v i e w p o i n t t o understand r e v o l u t i o n a r y l i t i c a l and m i l i t a r y f orces-and two f forms o f s t r u g g l e - p o l i t i c a l and armed s t r u g g l e - a n d t h e r e b y t o r e a l i z e t h e o f ­f e n s i v e p o s i t i o n o f r e v o l u t i o n when r e v o l u t i o n a r y s i t u a t i o n s are r i p e . "

"On t h e c o n t r a r y , i f one c o n s i d e r s r e v o l u t i o n a r y v i o l e n c e merely from t h e p o i n t o f view o f armed s t r u g g l e , and subsequently takes i n t o account o n l y th e m i l i t a r y f o r c e o f t h e two si d e s t o a p p r a i s e t h e balance o f f o r c e s between r e v o l u t i o n and c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n , mis­t a k e s w i l l be i n e v i t a b l e : e i t h e r one w i l l u n d e r e s t i m a t e t h e s t r e n g t h o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n and dare not m o b l i z e t h e masses f o r I n s u r r e c t i o n , o r once t h e i n s u r r e c t i o n has been launched, one w i l l n o t dare set up the o f f e n s i v e t o push ahead t h e r e v o l u t i o n , o r , when t h e armed s t r u g g l e has been unleashed, one can­no t a v o i d f a l l i n g back t o a d e f e n s i v e s t r a t e g y . . . . The c l o s e c o m b i n a t i o n o f p o l i t i c a l and m i l i t a r y s t r u g g l e c o n s t i ­t u t e s t he b a s i c form o f r e v o l u t i o n a r y v i o l e n c e i n South Vietnam, ^ j ^ ^ most-s u i t a b l e one t o r e s i s t n e o - c o l o n i a l -ism. I t has been used not o n l y I n t h e course o f i n s u r e c t i o n s , but a l s o i n d e a l i n g w i t h t h e American i m p e r i a l i s t s ' s p e c i a l w a r f a r e ' and ' l i m i t e d w a r f a r e ' , " P r a r i e F i r e s t a t e s " w i t h o u t mass s t r t r g -g l e t h e r e can be no r e v o l u t i o n , W i t h -our armed s t r u g g l e t h e r e can be no v i c ­t o r y . " Mass S t r u g g l e and the A r t o f People's War

When d i s c u s s i n g r e v o l u t i o n , we must remember t h a t i t i s mass i n c h a r a c t e r ( o n l y t h e masses have the f o r c e t o win) and t h a t i t i s t r u l y war, an uncompro­m i s i n g s t r u g g l e t o t h e death between the oppressed and t h e e x p l o i t e r s - i n o t h e r words, i t must be viewed as People's War. When d i s c u s s i n g c l a n d e s t i n e work w i t h i n

t h e U.S. we must do so from a h i s t o r i c a l b a s i s . We must examine those s t r u g g l e s whose development i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h c l a n ­d e s t i n e work and when t a c t i c s o f a lower l e v e l a r e more a p p r o p r i a t e . R e v o l u t i o n i s a mass concern and r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s must always proceed from t h e b a s i c needs o f the p e o p l e , c r y s t a l l z e them and then t a k e them back t o t h e p e o p l e . The l e v e l o f s t r u g g l e i n B l a c k and Brown communities have reached t h e p o i n t where t h e masses r e a l i z e t h a t s t a t e t e r r o r a g a i n s t t h e i r y o u t h must be stopped by u s i n g c o u n t e r -v i o l e n c e . The masses have responded by u s i n g b o t h mass c o u n t e r - v i o l e n c e , s m a l l group c o u n t e r - v i o l e n c e and combinations o f b o t h . I t i s becoming c l e a r e r i n t h e s e communities t h a t o n l y t he s u s t a i n e d com­b i n a t i o n o f b o t h forms o f s t r u g g l e w i l l succeed i n f o r c i n g any end t o b r u t a l i t y . Combined forms o f s t r u g g l e i n such p l a c e s as New York and Newark have shown more promise t h a n e i t h e r pure m i l i t a r y o r po­l i t i c a l responses have had I n t h e p a s t . Economic c o n d i t i o n s a r e worsening q u i c k l y and we can expect t h e masses, e s p e c i a l l y i n t h i r d w o r l d communities t o respond rol-l i t a n t l y . Two years ago t h e B l a c k masses o f P h i l a d e l p h i a t o o k t h e s t r e e t s i n r e ­sponse t o a f a s c i s t move t o cut a l r e a d y low w e l f a r e payments. Los Angeles p o l i c e are t r a i n i n g t o p u t down food r i o t s . Con­d i t i o n s i n many t h i r d w o r l d communities are now worse t h a n t h e y were d u r i n g t he urban r e b e l l i o n s . The s e i s i n g o f L i n c o l n H o s p i t a l , t h e N a t i v e American s t r u g g l e s a t Wounded Knee and t h e A l e x i a n B r o t h e r s Monastery are a l l examples o f combining

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wic^ld revolution

Managua, Nicaragua- The l a s t week o f December saw a d a r i n g a c t i o n by l i b e r a ­t i o n f i g h t e r s o f the S a n d i n i s t a L i b e r a ­t i o n F r o n t , Nine g u e r r i l l a s from t h e f r o n t b u r s t i n t o t he home o f Nicaraguan buaineeaman Jose C a a t i l l o . Two p o l i c e and C a s t i l l o were k i l l e d as they t r i e d t o r e s i s t . A t the p a r t y i n C a s t i l l o ' s home, they c a p t u r e d many member o f the bourgeois i n c l u d i n g such n o t a b l e s as Nicaragua's ambassadors t o both the UN and the U.S. The p a r t y was i n honor o f the U.S. ambassador t o Nicaragua^whom escaped ca p t u r e by l e a v i n g twenty minutes b e f o r e the a c t i o n s t a r t e d . The Ch i l e a n ambassordor t o Nicaragua was one o f the many c r i m i n a l s t h a t were ca p t u r e d .

The freedom f i g h t e r s h e l d t h e i r p r i ­soners s i x t y hours u n t i l t h e y n e g o t i a t ­ed the r e l e a s e o f s e v e r a l p o l i t i c a l p r i ­soners by the r u l i n g Somoaa regime. The freedom f i g h t e r s a l s o won safe passage f o r themselves and the f r e e d p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r s . The g u e r r i l l a s ' p r i s o n e r s a l l d e s c r i b e d t h e i r t r eatment by the f r o n t as being good and t h a t the members o f the f r o n t conducted themselves v e r y com­p e t e n t l y . When the members o f the Front a r r i v e d i n Havana, Radio Havana gave an* i n t e r v i e w t o t h e g u e r r i l l a s e x p l a i n i n g t h e i r s t r u g g l e .

The S a n d i n i s t a L i b e r a t i o n Front takes i t name from Augusto Sandlno. He was a p a t r i o t who fought t h e i l l e g a l oc­c u p a t i o n o f Nicaragua by U.S. marines i n t h e t w e n t i e s and t h i r t i e s . He was o r ­dered a s s a s i n a t e d by General A n a s t a s l o Somoza who i s the g r a n d f a t h e r o f the c u r r e n t p r e s i d e n t . I t w i l l be a l o n g s t r u g g l e but w i t h groups such as th e S a n l n l s t a L i b e r a t i o n Front we know t h a t e v e n t u a l l y a l l t h e Americas w i l l be f r e e !

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ADDIS ABABA- E t h i o p i a ' s f i v e month o l d m i l i t a r y government faced i t s most se­vere t e s t a t th e hands o f freedom f i g h t _ ers from the p r o v i n c e o f E r i t r e a . These freedom f i g h t e r s have been c o n d u c t i n g g u e r r i l l a w a r f a r e f o r secession f o r t h e past s e v e r a l y e a r s . The f i r s t week o f February saw i n t e n s e f i g h t i n g i n and around the E r i t r e a n c a p i t a l o f Asmara. Over a thousand people have been k i l l e d I n t h e f i g h t i n g .

The f i g h t i n g has proposed a s e r i o u s problem t o the new government. They have promised l a n d r e f o r m f o r E t h i o p i a s pea­s a n t s . They have a l s o v o i c e d t h e d e s i r e t o t u r n t he c o u n t r y I n t o a s o c i a l i s t coun­t r y w i t h c o l l e c t i v e p r o d u c t i o n such as i n China or Cuba. However many have won­dered I f the E t h i o p i a ' s government de­s t r u c t i o n o f t h e p r e v i o u s f e u d a l regime was merely a cover f o r implementing ca­p i t a l i s m I n s t e a d o f s o c i a l i s m . Conse­q u e n t l y many ar e wondering how th e go­vernment w i l l deal w i t h the E r i t r e a n secession s t r u g g l e - w h l o h has won much sympathy i n the r e v o l u t i o n a r y and so­c i a l i s t w o r l d .

On February 10, the Sudanese govern­ment attempted t o mediate beween the E-t h l o p i a n government and th e E r i t r e a n r e b e l s . The Sudanese f o r e i g n m i n i s t e r Gamal Mogammed, a r i v e d i n Addis Ababa w i t h an appeal from P r e s i d e n t J a a f a r Numelry t o end t h e f i g h t i n g . I t appeared t h a t the n e g o t i a t i o n s might have some hope f o r b r i n g i n g a p e a c e f u l end t o t h e f i g h t i n g . R e v o l u t i o n a r y s i n s i d e o f th e U.S. should c a r e f u l l y watch t h e s i t u a t i o n i n E t h i o p i a as i t i s c r i t i c a l l y l o c a t e d on the v i t a l east coast o f A f r i c a .

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The n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e s of Southern A f r i c a have made another q u a l i t a t i v e l e a p toward complete v i c t o r y . F o l l o w i n g on the h e e l s o f th e indepen dence o f Gulne-Blssau and t h e people o f Moaambique's v i c t o r i e s , the l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e s i n b o t h Angola and Zimbabwe have made new s t r i d e s .

I n l a t e December t h e Zimbabwe Na t i o n a l union (ZANU), t h e Zimbabwe Peo p i e ' s Union(ZAPU), and t h e A f r i c a n Na t i o n a l Councll(ANC) have b u r l e d t h e i r d i f f * r e t t c e s snd formed 6 j o i n t c o u n c i l to i n t e n s i f y s t r u g g l e . I t was necessary t o i n t e n s i f y t he armed s t r u g g l e a f t e r t h e r a c i s t regime o f I a n Smith went back on t h e i r promises t o n e g o t i a t e and i m p l e ­ment m a j o r i t y r u l e . Many observers f e e l that South A f r i c a may have i n t e r v e n e d and convinced I a n Smith's goverment not t o n e g o t i a t e . South A f r i c a n t r o o p s have been f i g h t i n g the l i b e r a t i o n movements throughout t h a t r e g i o n .

I n e a r l y January, t h e t h r e e l i b e r a ­t i o n movements i n s i d e of Angola united and conducted s u c c e s s f u l n e g o t i a t i o n s w i t h the Portuguese government. The Movement for the L i b e r a t i o n Of Angola, (MPLA), t h e Angolan L i b e r a t i o n Front and t h e Union f o r t h e T o t a l Independence of Angola(UNITA), have set a s i d e deep d i v i s i o n s t h a t have separated them f o r t h e past few y e a r s . By u n i t i n g t h e y have won an agreement where t h r e e members from each o r g a n i z a t i o n w i l l p a r t i c i p a t e i n a p r o v i s i o n a l government w i t h t h e Portuguese, As i n Mozambique, f u l l i n ­dependence w i l l f o l l o w q u i c k l y a f t e r t he i n t e r i m government i s formed l a t e r t h i s y e a r . I n a j o i n t communique the t h r e e movements s t a t e d t h a t "The t h r e e l i b e r a ­t i o n movemnts decided t h a t from now on t h e y w i l l . Doperate i n a l l spheres, and e s p e c i a l l y i n t h a t o f d e c o l o n i z a t i o n f o r t h e defense o f t e r r i t o r i a l I n t e g r i t y as w e l l as for n a t i o n a l r e c o n s t r u c t i o n . "

I n South A f r i c a t h e w o r k e r s ' move­ment a g a i n s t t h e government c o n t i n u e s . S e v e r a l miners have been k i l l e d i n r e ­b e l l i o n s . One d e m o s t r a t l o n was a j o i n t worker s t u d e n t event i n s o l i d a r i t y w i t h t h e FRELIMO freedom f i g h t e r s o f Mozambique. O v e r a l l t h e s t r u g g l e o f freedom f i g h t e r s of Southern A f r i c a have made g r e a t s t r i d e s f o r t h & freedom o f t h e i r peoples. During t h e l a s t y ear, the freedom f i g h t e r s o f Southern A f r i c a have made much p r o g r e s s . The road t o com­p l e t e freedom i s t o r t u o u s , but we are c o n f i d e n t t h a t A f r i c a w i l l be f r e e !

Rome, I t a l y - ( F r o m Peking Review and Peo­p l e s T r a n s l a t i o n S e r v i c e )

On December 1 1 , t h e democratic Sol­d i e r ' s Movement h e l d i t s f i r s t p u b l i c meeting i n Rome. Over 200 s o l d i e r s , a l ­most a l l i n u n i f o r m and r e p r e s e n t i n g 15 army b a r r a c k s around Rome a t t e n d e d t h e meeting.

The meeting was c a l l e d by a c o o r d i ­n a t i n g committee r e p r e s e n t i n g the b a r ­racks t n the Rome area i n an e f f o r t t o I n v o l v e democratic p o l i t i c a l f o r c e s , t r a d e unions and the workers' movement i n t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t r e a c t i o n a r y schemes u s i n g the army a g a i n s t t h e wor­k i n g c l a s s . . . .

P o l i t i c a l and economic l i f e I n I t a ­l y was brought t o a s t a n d s t i l l on January 23 when 14 m i l l i o n people from a l l walks o f l i f e t h r o u g h o u t the c o u n t r y h e l d a ge n e r a l s t r i k e t o demand employment guar­antees and h i g h e r wages and t o p r o t e s t f a s c i s t o u t r a g e s .

There was a mammoth d e m o n s t r a t i o n t h a t day by over 200,000 s t r i k e r s i n t h e c e n t e r o f Rome. C a r r y i n g hundreds o f red banners, as w e l l as p l a c a r d s and streamers i n s c r i b e d w i t h "we want j o b s , " and "no f a s c i s m , " and s h o u t i n g slogans, t h e y marched t h r o u g h t h e downtown area and h e l d a r a l l y i n San Globanni Square. The walkout i n Rome l a s t e d e i g h t h o u r s .

On t h e second a n n i v e r s a r y o f th e s i g n i n g o f th e P a r i s Peace Agreement, t h e PRGSVN has r e a f f i r m e d i t s t h r e e demands:

-The d e f i n i t i v e and complete t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e US government's m i l i t a r y i n v o l v e ­ment and i n t e r f e r e n c e i n t h e I n t e r n a l a f ­f a i r s o f South Vietnam and t h e w i t h d r a w a l from South Vietnam o f a l l US m i l i t a r y p e r s o n n e l d i s g u i s e d as c i v i l i a m s , s t i p ­u l a t e d by t h e P a r i s Agreement.

-The o v e r t h r o w o f Nguyen Van T h i e u and h i s gang who c o n s t i t u t e t h e main o b s t a c l e t o t h e s o l u t i o n o f t h e p o l i t i c a l i s s u e s i n South Vietnam a t t h e p r e s e n t .

-The s e t t i n g up i n Saigon o f an ad m i n i ­s t r a t i o n t h a t has peace and n a t i o n a l con­c o r d a t h e a r t and i s w i l l i n g t o implement t h e P a r i s Agreement on Vietnam i n a s e r i ­ous way.

Since t h e l a s t months o f 1974, t h e s i t u a t i o n i n South Vietnam has a c c e l e r a ­t e d towards a c h i e v i n g these g o a l s and p r o t e c t i n g t h e v i c t o r i e s a l r e a d y won by the Vietnamese people. I n s e v e r a l major b a t t l e s t he People's L i b e r a t i o n Armed Forces c a p t u r e d Phuoc B l n h , c a p i t a l o f Phuoc Long Pr o v i n c e Jan, 6, and a r e now advancing on Tay Nl n h , c a p i t a l o f K l e n Tuong P r o v i n c e , Thieu's regime had been u s i n g these c i t i e s as l a u n c h i n g s i t e s f o r bombings and r a i d s a g a i n s t the r e s t o f th e p r o v i n c e s , which were and a r e m o s t l y PRG l i b e r a t e d areas. I n f a c t , he had de­c l a r e d a l l o f Phuoc Long o u t s i d e o f th e c i t y t o be a "free-bombing zone". Loc Nin h , t h e PRG c a p i t a l f o r t h i s a r e a , i s between Tay Ninh and Phuoc B i n h . A l l du­r i n g 1973 and 1974, Thieu sent napalm and bombing r a i d s a g a i n s t i t s c i v l a l l a n popu­l a t i o n . Many o f these f l i g h t s were guided by US reconnalsance planes i n v i o l a t i o n o f t h e Agreement.

Im m e d i a t e l y a f t e r t h e PRG and PLAF v i c t o r i e s , T h i e u launched savage r e t a i l t o r y r a i d s a g a i n s t p o p u l a t e d areas i n Loc Ninh and Bu Dop. But these a t t a c k s were t u r n e d back, and many planes and h e l i o -c o p t e r s were shot down.

The movement t o o v e r t h r o w Thieu's regime i n South Vietnam's major c i t i e s i s j u s t as s i g n i f i c a n t . V a r i o u s s o c i a l seg­ments and p o l i t i c a l and r e l i g i o u s o r g a n i ­z a t i o n s such as t h e Committee f o r Freedom o f Press and P u b l i c a t i o n , t h e People's F r o n t A g a i n s t Hunger and f o r N a t i o n a l S a l v a t i o n , t h e People's O r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r t h e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e P a r i s Agreement, The Committee f o r t h e Defense o f t h e La­b o u r i n g People's I n t e r e s t s , t h e People's Movement A g a i n s t C o r r u p t i o n ( c a t h o l l c s ) , t h e B u d d h i s t s ' N a t i o n a l R e c o n c l l f e t i o n Forces and many d e p u t i e s o f th e Saigon Upper and Lower Houses o f th e N a t i o n a l Assembly.

I n November, January and February, Budddhist nuns staged d e m o n s t r a t i o n s a-g a l n s t Thleu's regime. When p o l i c e attemp­t e d t o i n j u r e and a r r e s t them, t h e nuns swung p o l e s a g a i n s t t h e p o l i c e and cap­t u r e d p o l i c e j e e p s . Pressmen burned papers r a t h e r t h a n have them s e i s e d by Saigon Censor P o l i c e . Saigon d e p u t i e s signed I n b l o o d a statement c a l l i n g f o r t h e o u a t e r o f T h i e u and a c o a l i t i o n government.

* * * * * I n Cambodia, N a t i o n a l U n i t e d F r o n t

o f t h e Khmer People has a l s o won new v i c ­t o r i e s . I t s f o r c e s have i s o l a t e d Phnom Penh from a l l b u t a i r l i f t s and a few r i v ­e r barge convoys. Convoys c a r r y i n g ammu­n i t i o n and f u e l have had a p a r t i c u l a r l y d i f f i c u l t t i m e u s i n g t h e Mekong R i v e r from South Vietnam's border t o Phnom Penh. A l l these s u p p l i e s are p r o v i d e d by U.S. m i l i t a r y a i d .

A i r l i f t s t o Phnom Penh are f l o w n by B i r d A i r , a "commercial" c a r r i e r set up by the US A i r f o r c e u s i n g C130 planes and ' r e t i r e d " USAF p i l o t s t o move US m i l i t a ­

r y s u p p l i e s - a l l i l l e g a l under t h e peace greement,

The NUF f o r c e s are advancing on Phnom Penh i t s e l f and w i l l be v i c t o r i o u s soon. A l l t h e peoples o f I n d o c h i n a w i l l soon de­f e a t US i m p e r i a l i s m i n t h e i r c o u n t r i e s nd achieve l i b e r a t i o n and peace. We sup­

p o r t t h e i r d r i v e , END ALL AID TO THIEU SUUPORT THE PRC'S THREE POINTS

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PAGE 12 SEIZE THE TIME

BREAK DE CHAINS CONT. FROM PG. 7

GERONIMO On January 17, 1969 Bunchy C a r t e r (Deputy M i n i s t e r o f Defense-Southern C a l i f o r n i a Chapter o f Black Panther P a r t y ) was murdered a t UCLA. At t h i s t i m e Elmer Geronimo P r a t t was plac e d i n t he d i f f i c u l t p o s i t i o n o f t a k i n g over where Bunchy l e f t o f f . Geronimo's l e a d e r s h i p a b i l i t y , s c l f - d i a c i p l i n c 'and l o v e f o r the people was q u i c k l y recognized by members o f the chapter. Our a b i l i t y t o r e c o g n i z e and d e a l w i t h the c r i s e s a r i s i n g out o f the s t r u g g l e i n Babylon was i n c r e a s e d g r e a t l y by Geronimo's example and h i s cons t a n t cmphaais on each p a r t y member a c c e p t i n g the respon­s i b i l i t y of r e v o l u t i o n a r y l e a d e r s h i p . "On Monday, August 17, 1970, Geronimo f a i l e d t o show up i n c o u r t f o r a case and h i s b a l l was revoked. At the time he had f o u r GhargQS a g a i n s t h i m — a bomb case, f a l s e imprlsonmont, a s s a u l t on a p i g , and the Los Angeles 18 shou t o u t . Geronimo went underground t o a v o i d the c l u t c h e s o f the p i g s because i t was "tim e t o co n c e n t r a t e on l i v i n g t o f i g h t another day." Ceronimo was captured by the p i g s i n D a l l a s on December 8, 1970 along w i t h s e v e r a l o t h e r b r o t h e r s . He was ex-t r a d l c t e d from Texas t o C a l i f o r n i a , where he was i n d i c t e d f o r another trumped up c r i m e , murder. That charge was p r e ­mised on the t e s t i m o n y o f an ex-deputy s h e r i f f , p i g i n f o r m e r by the name o f J u l i o B u t l e r , who sought t o "ta k e over" t h e l o c a l chapter o f t h e B l a c k Panther P a r t y upon the death of Bunch C a r t e r and John H l g g i n s . His resentment o f Geronimo's p r o g r e s s i o n t o t h i s p o s i t i o n , h i s apparent f e a r o£ h i s own imprisonment f o r crimes he was charged w i t h and f i n a l l y , h i s d e s i r e f o r revenge f o r h i s e a r l i e r e x p u l s i o n from the p a r t y , l e f t him " r i p e " f o r the p l " s . I n r e t u r n f o r Immunity, he helped the c o u r t s 3n4 the p i g s t o c o n v i c t Geronimo oi a t-J9 year o l d unsolved murder. I n an e f f o r t t o J u s t i f y t h e i r r a c i s t p l o t o f genocide, the system has t r i e d t o poison the p u b l i c ' s mind a g a i n s t him by p r e s e n t i n g o n l y one­s i d e d views and l i e s i n t h e i r puppet mass media about Geronimo's case. I t w i l l take the s u p p o r t e r s o f G and a l l p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r s time t o uncover the p l o t t h a t t h i s government has been using to c o n n i t genocide

on the whole b l a c k and poor oppressed communities. Some doors have a l r e a d y been opened. W i t h t h e r e c e n t f l o w of I n f o r m a t i o n i n r e f e r e n c e t o the CIA involvement i n the Black r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement and th e p l o t a g a i n s t Malcolm X, Dr. M a r t i n L u t h e r K i n g , The l e a d e r s h i p and rank and f i l e o f the Black Panther P a r t y , and a l l o t h e r p r o g r e s s i v e people i n t h i s c o u n t r y . I t w i l l be l e f t up t o the people i n t h i a c o u n t r y t o uncover these f a c t e and t o show the i l l e g a l p r a c t i c e s o f the c o u r t s . Facts c o n c e r n i n g Geronimo's case:

1) Mrs. Olsen, a w h i t e woman. I n Santa Monica was k i l l e d d u r i n g a robbery by two men December 8, 1968. Geronimo was accused l a t e r aa one o f th e auapecta and the search f o r the second man was a p p a r e n t l y dropped. The LAFD not o n l y i n v e s t i g a t e d and charged Geronimo w i t h a Santa Monica k i l l i n g but a l s o went i n t o the f i l e s and removed a l l o t h e r Sufi-p e c t s ' p i c t u r e s , r e p l a c i n g them w i t h Geronimo's. However, when Geronimo's wife, Saundra P r a t t was v i c i o u s l y murdered i n November, 1971, e i g h t months pregnant a t the t i m e , the LAPD r e f u s e d t o I n v e s t i g a t e s a y i n g t h a t the case was out o f J u r i s d i c ­t i o n .

2) Testimonies c l e a r l y showed Geronimo was i n San Fr a n c i s c o a t t h e t i m e o f the murder and not i n Santa Monica.

3) There was no s u b s t a n t i a l evidence. No f i n g e r p r i n t s , no murder weapon l o c a t e d or even connected t o G. The l e t t e r w h ich J u l i o B u t l e r claimed t o have w r i t t e n t h a t a l l e d g e d l y d i s c l o s e s a c o n f e s s i o n t o the crimes by G was never pre s e n t e d t o t h e j u r y or the c o u r t f o r v i e w i n g .

4) J u l i o B u t l e r , A Black b e a u t i c i a n , on whose t e s t i m o n y the p r o s e c u t o r ' s case r e s t e d , i s a p a i d p o l i c e i n f o r m a n t and pr o v a c a t o r and has been f o r over f i v e y e a r s . T h i s f a c t was confessed t o d u r i n g the t r i a l by h i s s h e r i f f f r i e n d , Sgt. Rice b u t never r e p o r t e d by th e news media.

5) The l a w y e r s , Charles H o l l o p e t e r and Johnny Cochran I I I , one w h i t e and the o t h e r b l a c k , b o t h m i d d l e - c l a s s c a p i t a l i s t , c o u r t a p p o i n t e d l a w y e r s , both unprepared and unconcerned about s o c i a l i l l s and p o l i t i c a l problems concerning b l a c k people show v e r y l i t t l e i n t e r e s t i n the case o f the l i f e o f Geronimo. Both r e f u s e d t o l i s t e n t o f a m i l y members and showed no i n t e r e s t i n the case whatsoever.

6) The Ju r y was n o t sequestered ( l o c k e d , .losed o f f from t h e p u b l i c ) They were i i a s l l y a c c e s s i b l e t o harrassmentH, t h r e a t s , TV and news media and o p i n i o n s .

On J u l y 28, 1972, t h e j u r y c o n v i c t e d Geronimo o f t h e murder based on no s u b s t a n t i a l evidence whatsoever. Even t h e ju d g e and DA were shocked a t th e v e r d i c t . Everybody was. The f i r s t week, e i g h t o f the t w e l v e j u r o r s were i n f a v o r o f a c q u i t t a l ; however, a f t e r g oing home t h a t f i r s t weekend, a l l e i g h t j l o w l y changed t h i r v e r d i c t t o g u i l t y due ;o p r e s s u r e . On January lO, 1975, Judge K a t h l e e n F a r k e r , resentenced G. Of course t h e resentence was the same as the f i r s t . L l f e -Slnce h i s c a p t u r e , Geronimo has been i n t h e adjustment c e n t e r s o f Folsom and San Que n t i n , and now p r e s e n t l y d o i n g time on Death Row a t San Quentin. He has s t r u g g l e d t o educate people w i t h i n t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y movement. The two p o i n t s he has s t r e s s e d a r e : The t o t a l i n c o r r e c t n e s s o f a l l o w i n g hero w o r s h i p t o grow w i t h i n t he movement. (Hero w o r s h i p i s when people a l l o w or hope t h a t a p e r f e c t hero w i l l come and l e a d them i n the r i g h t d i r e c t i o n and save them from t h e necessary study which a l l r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s must do) and t h e n e c e s s i t y of r e v o l u t i o n a r y men t o adopt a c o r r e c t and d i a l e c t i c a l a t t i t u d e towards t h e i r women comrades, t o n o t weaken the movement by pushing s i s t e r s i n t o weak r o l e s .

FREE ALL PRISONERS OF WARS

Elmer P r a t t B-40319 San Q u e n t i n , C a l i f o r n i a

PLO WORLD REVOLUTION CONT. FROM PG. 11

"On January 1 , 1965, h e r o i c sons and daughters f i r e d the f i r s t shots i n t h e armed s t r u g g l e i n I s r a e l i - o c c u p i e d G a l i l e e , thus I n i t i a t i n g a new stage i n t h e P a l e s t i n i a n people's l i b e r a t i o n move­ment .. .

Today, t h e g u e r r i l l a s have become an I m p o r t a n t r e v o l u t i o n a r y f o r c e i n the M i d d l e E a s t , e n j o y i n g ever h i g h e r p r e s ­t i g e I n Arab c o u n t r i e s and the r e s t o f th e w o r l d . Students i n the Arab count-t r i e s o f t e n are i n the s t r e e t s r a i s i n g funds f o r t h e P a l e s t i n e r e s i t a n c e move­ment, workers c o n t r i b u t e p a r t o f t h e i r wages t o the g u e r r i l l a s , women k n i t sweaters f o r them ani saay people a p p l y t o the h o s p i t a l t o be blood donors f o r t h e g u e r r i l l a f o r c e s . Moreover, f i g h t i n g s houlder t o shoulder v l t h t h e g u e r r i l l a s a r e many young Arab people, some o f whom have g i v e n t h e i r l i v e s f o r the P a l e s t i n e L i b e r a t i o n cause. I n October 1974, t h e Arab Summit Conference adopted a r e s o l u t i o n r e a f f i r m i n g t he P a l e s t i n e L i b e r a t i o n O r g a n i s a t i o n (PLO) as the s o l e l e g i t i m a t e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the Pales­t i n i a n people. I n November, the 29th Session o f the U.N. General Assembly adopted two i m p o r t a n t r e s o l u t i o n s , a f ­f i r m i n g the P a l e s t i n i a n people's r i g h t t o s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n . . . The P a l e s t i n i a n people are f u l l y aware t h a t the e x c e l ­l e n t s i t u a t i o n r e s u l t s from t h e i r p r o ­t r a c t e d armed s t r u g g l e and grows out o f t h e b a r r e l o f a gun." " P e k i n g Review, Jan. 10, 1975

The s t a f f o f "Seize t h e Time" j o i n s i n c e l e b r a t i n g t h e 10th a n n i v e r s a r y o f the P a l e s t i n i a n Armed S t r u g g l e . The r i s e o f the P a l e s t i n i a n movement has played a key r o l e I n t h e development o f t h e Arab l e f t , exposing U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m

and has f o r c e d the S o v i e t Union and the bourgeois Arab governments t o re c o g n i z e and support t h e P a l e s t i n i a n cause.

The P a l e s t i n i a n n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e has entered the i n t e r n a t i o n a l arena. The c o n t r a d i c t i o n s w i t h i n t h e w o r l d and e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e m i d d l e e a s t , have reached t h e l e v e l where a l l a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f o r c e s i n t h e w o r l d . A n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f o r c e s w i t h i n t he U.S. must p l a y as i m p o r t a n t a r o l e i n s u p p o r t ­i n g s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n f o r t h e P a l e s t i n ­i a n people as we d i d f o r t h e peoples o f In d o c h i n a .

U.S. o i l companies p r o f i t s have r i s e n a minimum o f 130% due t o th e f a l s e "ener­gy c r i s i s " . U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m has a g a i n g r e e d i l y attempted t o su b j u g a t e an e n t i r e r e g i o n i n o r d e r t o support U.S. corp o r a ­t i o n s .

W h ile t h e U.S. has p o l i t i c a l and i d e o l o g i c a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s t o i t s im­p e r i a l i s t o u t p o s t , I s r a e l , i t a l s o has s t r o n g economic reasons t o w i n t h e Arab s t a t e s as f i r m a l l i e s . Seventy p e r c e n t o f the c a p i t a l i s t w o r l d ' s o i l r e s e r v e s a r e i n the A r a b i a n G u l f ,

Much o f Klssenger's reason f o r ob­s t r u c t i n g t he Geneva conference i s the r o l e t h a t t h e P a l e s t i n i a n f o r c e s have pl a y e d i n d e v e l o p i n g t h e s o c i a l i s t f o r c e s i n the Arab s t a t e s . He wants t o s e t t l e t h e Mid-East "problem" t o t h e s a t i s f a c ­t i o n o f t h e bourgeois Arab regimes and the I s r a e l i Z i o n i s t s . T h i s v o u l d success­f u l l y p r e s e r v e I s r a e l as an i m p e r i a l i s t o u t p o s t and p r o t e c t U .S. c o r p o r a t i o n s ' i n v e s t m e n t s . He hopes t o reduce t h e P a l ­e s t i n i a n q u e s t i o n t o a 'tefugee problem" and set back t h e s t r u g g l e f o r s o c i a l i s m i n t he Arab s t a t e s .

S u p p o r t i n g t h e r i g h t o f s e l f - d e t e r ­m i n a t i o n means, a t t h i s p o i n t , s u p p o r t ­i n g t h e PLO, the o r g a n i z a t i o n r e c o g n i z e d

as t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e P a l e s t i n i a n p e o p l e . A l t h o u g h we may no t agree w i t h e v e r y t h i n g Y a s s l r A f r a f a t says, we have t o understand t h a t w i t h i n t h e PLO are s e v e r a l f o r c e s , I n c l u d i n g M a r x i s t - L e n i n ­i s t o r g a n i z a t i o n s . S t r u g g l e between p o l i t i c a l l i n e s i s an i n t e r n a l m a t t e r and n o t our r e s p o n s i b i l i t y .

R ather, I t i s our r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o s t u d y and educate around t h e M i d d l e -East, t a k e t h e lesson's we have l e a r n e d from t h e V i e t Nam war and map ou t a s t r a t e g y o f how we can a i d I n t h e s t r u g ­g l e t o d e f e a t U.S. i m p e r i a l i s m i n t h e M i d d l e East.

LONG LIVE THE PALESTINIAN STRUGGLE! SUPPORT THE RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION FOR THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE!: DEFEAT THE COMMON ENEMY U.S. IMPERIALISM!

SEIZE IHE IIME

CLASS STRUGGLE! R e p r i n t e d from Hoe Hana, a newspaper from Hawaii's Labor Community A l l i a n c e

When brewery workers i n New York staged a f i v e - d a y takeover o f t h e i r p l a n t e a r l y i n 197A they h o i s t e d a banner read­i n g "Cov«tnment o f the c o r p o r a t i d n e , by t h e c o r p o r a t i o n s , f o r the c o r p o r a t i o n s ! "

The r o l e o£ the governwent and i t s use o f laws i n general i s i m p o r t a n t t o understand as p a r t o f the o v e r a l l p i c t u r e o f t h e development o f l a b o r laws as a means o f c o n t r o l l i n g t h e workers' movement.

Government i s h i s t o r i c a l l y a means by which d i f f e r e n t CIQBQCQ w i t h competing po­l i t i c a l and economic i n t e r e s t s can compro­mise, so t h a t t h e i r c o m p e t i t i o n would n o t c o n s t a n t l y undermine the s t a b i l i t y o f soc­i e t y , and i s presumably f r e e l y e l e c t e d t o g i v e a l l p a r t i e a a chance t o have t h e i r I n t e r e s t s r e p r e s e n t e d , i n a body t h a t I s supposed t o r e s o l v e c o n f l i c t s i m p a r t i a l l y .

Image o f N e u t r a l i t y By m a i n t a i n i n g t h i s image o f n e u t r a ­

l i t y , the government seems t o stand above s o c i e t y , as a separate power t h a t does not r e p r e s e n t any p a r t i c u l a r c l a s s .

But government n e u t r a l i t y i s a f i c ­t i o n , as many workers have come t o see, f o r government r e p r e s e n t s the s p e c i a l i n ­t e r e s t s o f b i g business and the corpora­t i o n s . The men r u n n i n g the government are b i g businessmen, or have c l o s e t i e s t o c o r p o r a t i o n s . Former S e c r e t a r y o f Defense Robert McNamara was once p r e s i d e n t o f Ford Motors and i s now head o f the World Bank; George Bundy, an a d v i s o r t o b o t h Kennedy and Johnson a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s , has headed the Ford Foundation. The l i s t o f c o r p o r ­a t e t i e s I s endless.

For government t o s u c c e s s f u l l y oper­a t e , i t p o r t r a y s i t s e l f as the p r o t e c t o r o f law. The law I t s e l f i s designed t o pro­t e c t e x i s t i n g economic i n t e r e s t s - - t h e ma­j o r areas o f law, such as c o n t r a c t s , p r o ­p e r t y , t a x , c i v i l s i u t s , t r u s t s , c o r p o r a ­t i o n , and even c r i m i n a l law, deal m a i n l y w i t h the p r o t e c t i o n o f p r i v a t e p r o p e r t y .

Rule By the Few S i m i l a r l y , t h e use o f democratic e-

l e c t l o n s and procedures and a l l t h e p r o ­paganda about " l i f e , l i b e r t y and t h e pur­s u i t o f happiness" are a facade t o con­c e a l r u l e by the few. The American people are made t o b e l i e v e t h a t by v o t i n g t h e y e x e r c i s e some s o r t o f remote c o n t r o l over what goes on i n Washington, But a l a r g e p a r t o f the p u b l i c , e s p e c i a l l y the work­i n g c l a s s , i s not f o o l e d ; o n l y about one h a l f o f a l l e l i g i b l e v o t e r s p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e l a s t e l e c t i o n . As one w r i t e r put i t , " I n a democratic r e p u b l i c , w e a l t h ex­e r c i s e s i t s power i n d i r e c t l y , but a l l the more s u r e l y , by means o f d i r e c t c o r r u p t i o n o f o f f i c i a l s and by means o f an a l l i a n c e between the government and the Stock Ex­change,"

American l a b o r laws d i d not a r i s e u n t i l i t became necessary f o r b i g b u s i ­ness t o c o n t r o l t h e l a b o r movement. The r o o t s o f t h e modern l a b o r movement i n America are themselves p a r t Of a IflrgCT h i s t o r i c a l development, the r i s e o f i n ­d u s t r i a l c a p i t a l i s m i n the U.S.

The Rise o f C a p i t a l i s m and the Workers' Movement

The US developed i n t o a modern i n ­d u s t r i a l c a p i t a l i s t n a t i o n i n the f i f t y years f o l l o w i n g the s t a r t o f the C i v i l War(from about 1860 t o 1910). During t h i s p e r i o d g i a n t i n d u s t r i e s arose and i n v e s t ­ments i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g grew t w e l v e - f o l d . R a i l r o a d s , one i n d i c a t i o n o f the growth o f i n d u s t r y , were l a i d a t an a s t o n i s h i n g r a t e growing from 30,000 m i l e s i n 1860 t o near­l y 200,000 m i l e s i n 1910.

By about 1900, 3/4 o f a l l goods I n t h e county were being produced by corpor­a t i o n s i n s t e a d o f small f a c t o r i e s o r t r a d e men. The US changed from an a g r i c u l t u r a l t o an i n d u s t r i a l n a t i o n , marked by t h e movement o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n from r u r a l a-reas t o c i t i e s .

Corporate domination o f government was r e f l e c t e d i n l e g i s l a t i o n passed dur­i n g t h i s t i m e , i n which n o r t h e r n i n d u s ­t r i a l i s t s were a g g r e s s i v e l y f i g h t i n g f o r new markets. These s e r i e s o f laws enabled t h e expansion o f c a p i t a l i s m and p r o t e c t e d i t s g a i n s .

I n 1862 f a d e r a l l a n d g r a n t s gave r i g h t s t o l a n d f o r the development o f a t r a n s c o n t i n e n t a l r a i l r o a d , i n 1963 t h e Na­t i o n a l Banking Act was passed c r e a t i n g a n a t i o n a l f i n a n c i a l system, i n 186A t a r i f f laws on f o r e i g n goods(as h i g h as 47%) were passed t o p r o t e c t t h e s a l e o f American goods and i m m i g r a t i o n laws were paseed t o p e r m i t the i m p o r t a t i o n o f cheap l a b o r .

B i r t h g f t h e Modern Working Class Along w i t h t h i s i n d u s t r i a l base, a

modern w o r k i n g c l a s s was produced, and t h e number o f workers i n t h e US n e a r l y quad­r u p l e d , growing from 1,5 m i l l i o n i n 1860 t o over 5.5 m i l l i o n I n 1900.

W i t h t h i s growth i n t h e number o f workers and t h e i r e x p l o i t a t i o n a t the hands o f c a p i t a l i s m , a m i l i t a n t workers' movement developed.

I n 1971, workers i n France att e m p t e d a r e v o l u t i o n t h a t d i d not succeed, but t h e y h e l d P a r i s f o r n i n e t y days i n what became known as the P a r i s Commune, Work­ers i n America, many r e c e n t l y immigrated from Europe, were a f f e c t e d by t h i s h i s ­t o r i c a l event. From 1860 t o 1900 t h e r e were t h r e e major s t r i k e waves t h a t swept t h e n a t i o n as workers began t o demand and f i g h t f o r b a s i c p o l i t i c a l and economic r i g h t s ; t h e r i g h t t o o r g a n i z e , minimum wages, the 8 hour day, an end t o s l a v e c o n d i t i o n s , c h i l d l a b o r and c r i m i n a l p r o ­s e c u t i o n s and a t t a c k s . I n the course o f these s t r u g g l e s , hundreds were k i l l e d by f e d e r a l t r o o p s and p r i v a t e armies t h e bosses h i r e d t o break s t r i k e s . But each succeeding s t r i k e wave grew i n i n t e n s i t y , i n t h e number o f s t r i k e s , and i n p a r t i c i ­p a t i o n o f w o r k e r s , r e a c h i n g i n s u r r e c t i o n ­a r y l e v e l s a t t i m e s . C l e a r l y c a p i t a l i s m was b e i n g t h r e a t e n e d by t h i s i n s u r g e n t workers' movement,

Repression and Concession H i s t o r i c a l l y t h e c a p i t a l i s t s have

used two b a s i c p o l i c i e s t o suppress t h e workers'movement; r e p r e s s i o n and conces­s i o n . The method used has depended on t h e balance o f power a t t h e t l m e - - d u r i n g per­i o d s i n which the workers' movement has been s t r o n g , t h e bosses have had t o make c e r t a i n concessions such as r a i s i n g wages and I m p r o v i n g w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s t o f o s ­t e r t h e i l l u s i o n o f benevolence and change t o dampen workers' m i l i t a n c y , and t o sow d i s u n i t y among the ranks o f workers.

I n p e r i o d s when workers have been weak, the bosses have r e v e r t e d t o o u t r i g h t r e p r e s s i v e measures i n c l u d i n g armed v i o ­l e n c e , b l a c k l i s t s , company s p i e s , y e l l o w dog c o n t r a c t s ( w h e n the boss r e q u i r e s you t o s i g n an agreement s a y i n g t h a t you won't j o i n a u n i o n ) , e t c .

Both o f these methods have taken l e ­gal and I l l e g a l forms. The law has been used b o t h as a r e p r e s s i v e device as I n t h e use o f c r i m i n a l p r o s e c u t i o n s and i n j u n c -t i o n s ( c o u r t o r d e r s ) t o break s t r i k e s , and as f a l s e concession t o channel t h e c l a s s s t r u g g l e i n t o l e g i t i m a t e procedures over­seen by a " n e u t r a l " government as i n me­d i a t i o n / a r b i t r a t i o n .

The S t a t e As Bosses' Agent Despi t e the n e u t r a l and i m p a r t i a l

pose o f the government, the h i s t o r y o f workers' s t r u g g l e s has shown c l e a r l y t h e r o l e o f t h e s t a t e as an i n t e r v e n e r on be­h a l f o f the bosses. The e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f a s t r i k e i s the stoppage o f p r o d u c t i o n . Whenever i t has been stopped f o r l o n g p e r i o d s o f t i m e , the government, bot h s t a t e and f e d e r a l , has d i r e c t l y i n t e r v e n e d i n 3 wa s; through t h e c o u r t s , by e x e c u t i v e o r ­der, and through l e g i s l a t i o n .

E a r l y i n l a b o r h i s t o r y , the c o u r t s acted t o suppress w o r k e r s ' o r g a n i e a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g t r a d e u n i o n s , as c o n s p i r a c i e s t o o b s t r u c t business or what they termed "t h e f r e e f l o w o f commerce." Many l a b o r o r g a n i z e r s were t r i e d and j a i l e d f o r c r i m ­i n a l c o n s p i r a c y f o r o r g a n i z i n g workers and demanding h i g h e r wages and b e t t e r w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s , s i n c e t o engage i n these a c t i v i t i e s was t o i n t e r f e r e w i t h

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b u s i n e s s . I t wasn't u n t i l t h e m i d d l e 1800's

t h a t t r i a l f o r c r i m i n a l c o n s p i r a c y was no l o n g e r used. The c a p i t a l i s t s had de­veloped o t h e r laws t o hamper workers'or­g a n i z a t i o n s . The Role o f I n j u n c t i o n s

i n d u c t i o n s , which are c o u r t o r d e r s t o f o r b i d c e r t a i n a c t i v i t i e s w i t h a t h r e a t o f j a i l or f i n e , and no recourse t o a p p e a l , were o f t e n used t o break s t r i k e s by f o r ­b i d d i n g p i c k e t t i n g , d e m o n s t r a t i n g , l e a f -l e t t i n g , e t c . I n j u n c t i o n s were used t o break t h e Pullman s t r i k e o f 1894, t h e r a i l w a y shopmen's s t r i k e o f 1919 and 1922 and t h e b i t u m i n o u s c o a l s t r i k e o f 1910.

Sometines c o u r t o r d e r s p r o v i d e d t h e l e g a l cover f o r e x e c u t i v e d e c l a r a t i o n o f an'femergencyand the c a l l - u p o f f e d e r a l or s t a t e t r o o p s t o i n t e r v e n e . A p r e s i d e n ­t i a l canrniieelsn m 1969 on t h e " H i s t o r y o f V i o l e n c e i n America" s t a t e d t h a t t h e r e have been 160 occasions o f t h e use o f t r o o p s i n s t r i k e s i t u a t i o n s , and i n none o f them were the y t o the s t r i k e r s ' advan­tage but r a t h e r a c t e d as s t r i k e - b r e a k i n g a gents.

C o n t r o l and Channeling o f Class S t r u g g l e The use o f l e g i s l a t i o n t o cover l a ­

bor a c t i v i t i e s i s t h e t h i r d way c a p i t a l ­i s t s t h r o u g h t h e i r government apparatus have sought t o suppress and c o n t r o l work­e r s ' s t r u g g l e s . The laws have f u n c t i o n e d i n two ways; f i r s t , t o a l l o w the "unim­peded f l o w o f commerce," or t o a l l o w cap­i t a l i s t s a f r e e hand t o e x p l o i t and p l u n ­der t h e w o r k i n g masses and second, t o p l a c e l e g a l c o n t r o l s on worker o r g a n i z a ­t i o n s by r e c o g n i z i n g them, then l i m i t i n g t h e i r p o t e n t i a l by p r o v i d i n g procedures f o r t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s .

The b a s i s o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t s ' l a b o r p o l i c i e s a r e f o u r laws: the Norris-LaGuar-d i a Act o f 1923. t h e Wagner Act o f 1935 ( t h e N a t i o n a l Labor R e l a t i o n s A c t ) , the T a f t - H a r t l e y Act o f 1947(the Labox-Managc-ment R e l a t i o n s A c t ) and the Labor-Manage­ment R e p o r t i n g and D i s c l o s u r e Act o f 1959,

These laws were designed t o mediate t h e c o n f l i c t o f l a b o r and c a p i t a l , and arose d i r e c t l y as a r e s u l t o f t h i s c l a s s s t r u g g l e r e a c h i n g i n s u r r e c t i o n a r y p r o p o r ­t i o n s .

The Growing Threat t o C a p i t a l i s m Most o f t h e " p r o g r e s s i v e " gains o f

l a b o r were enacted i n t o law d u r i n g t h e s o - c a l l e d "New D e al" a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f F r a n k l i n R o o s e v e l t , i n c l u d i n g minimum wages, maximum work h o u r s , t h e r e g u l a t i o n o f c h i l d l a b o r , unemployment compensation, s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , as w e l l as the f i r s t laws r e c o g n i z i n g t h e r i g h t o f workers t o o r g a n i z e and b a r g a i n c o l l e c t i v e l y . But these " p r o g r e s s i v e " laws were l i t e r a l l y w r i t t e n i n t h e b l o o d o f w o r k i n g c l a s s m a r t y r s .

The f i r s t g r e a t wave o f s t r i k e s i n t h e US o c c u r r e d i n 1877, a t a t i m e orf economic d e p r e s s i o n f o l l o w i n g a p o s t -C i v i l War boom. I t i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t a l ­most 4 0 7 o o f the w o r k - f o r c e was unemployed a t t h e t i m e o f t h e f i r s t s t r i k e which l e d t o what some h i s t o r i a n s c a l l ' t h e Great Upheaval." The s t r i k e were b l o o d i l y crush­ed by f e d e r a l and s t a t e m i l i t i a i n every area as the newspapers screamed "commu­n i s t comspiracy" each t i m e a s t r i k e broke o u t .

F o l l o w i n g t h i s s e r i e s o f s t r i k e s t h e bosses began t o d e v i s e o t h e r means b l a c k l i s t s , y e l l o w c o n t r a c t s , and t h e f o r m a t i o n o f employers' o r g a n i z a t i o n s t o f i g h t t h e workers movement,

De s p i t e the severe r e p r e s s i o n , the movement c o n t i n u e d t o grow, and i n 1886-7 another campaign arose f o r t h e e i t h t -hour day. May Day o f 1886 c u l m i n a t e d i n a v i r t u a l g e n e r a l s t r i k e t h a t para­l y z e d Chicago,New York, C i n c i n n a t i , B a l ­t i m o r e and Milwaukee, D e s p i t e t h e frame-up and hanging o f l e a d e r s o f t h e e i g h t hour movement i n Chicago and c o n t i n u e d r e p r e s s i o n o f w o r k e r s , the number o f s t r i k e s rose 400% i n f i v e y e a r s . Wor­k e r s began t o f i g h t f o r l a r g e r i s s u e s , management o f the work p l a c e s and t h e r i g h t t o o r g a n i z e .

I n 1890, amidst growing worker un­r e s t and s t r i k e s , t h e Sherman A n t i - T r u s t Act was passed, and designed t o break up c o r p o r a t e monopolies t h a t c o n t r o l l e d markets and f i x e d p r i c e s . The a n t - t r u s t law, however, was soon c o n v e r t e d t o j u ­d i c i a l l y n c h law by use o f a n t i - l a b o r i n j u n c t i o n s .

Continued t o Page 4

Sntt TfX TIKE PACE lA

FROM THF. STSTRRS PUERTO RICAN W O M E N BECAUSE SISTERHOOD MEANS "BRINGING TOGETH­ER", STRUGGLING AROUND ISSUES THAT PERTAIN TO US WE ASK YOU TO JOIN US I N A FEMINIST EFFORT TO EDUCATE ABOUT THE NECESSITY OF AN INDEPENDENT PUERTO RICO.

C o n d i t i o n s o f Women i n Puerto Rico One o f the most dramatic aspects o f

US p o l i c i e s a g a i n s t Puerto Rican women hag been t h e g e n o c l d a l use o f b i r t h c o n t r o l r e s e a r c h and s t e r i l i z a t i o n . The p r a c t i c e o f f o r c e d s t e r i l i z a t i o n i n Puerto Rico dates back t o the 1 9 3 0 ' s when d o c t o r s passed i t o f f as the o n l y means o f c o n t r a ­c e p t i o n . By 1 9 6 5 t h e percentage o f s t e r l l -Izjcd women o f c h i l d - b e a r i n g age had i n ­creased from 7 7 a ( l n 1 9 4 8 ) t o 3 4 7 o ( o n e out o f every t h r e e ) . Puerto Rican s i s t e r s were used as guinea p i g s of t h e US drug i n d u s ­t r i e s for b i r t h c o n t r o l p i l l r e s e a r c h and e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n f o r 1 5 years b e f o r e t h e p i l l s were put on t h e US market I A h o r r i ­f y i n g example i s that o f a c o n t r o l group o f women who were g i v e n placebos(sugar p i l l s ) i n the b e l i e f t h a t t h e y were b i r t h c o n t r o l p i l l s i n o r d e r t o t e s t f o r t h e i r p y s c h o l o g i c a l r e a c t i o n s . The Commonwealth agencies, i n f l u e n c e d by US government and c o r p o r a t e i n t e r e s t s , m i s i n f o r m and coerce Puerto Rican women t o undergo f o r c e d s t e r ­i l i z a t i o n : w i t h o u t t h e i r k n o w l e d g e ( f o l l o w -i n g c h i l d b i r t h and/or a b o r t i o n ) ; o r under

P o v e r t y pushes Puerto Rican women i n ­t o p u b l i c h e a l t h c l i n i c s and c i t y " h o s p i ­t a l s " noted f o r t h e i r u n d e r s t a f f i n g , poor a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , and g e n o c i d a l r a c i s m . Here t h e y a g a i n f i n d f o r c e d f a m i l y p l a n n i n g and s t e r i l i z a t i o n . The f i r s t woman murdered as a r e s u l t o f a l e g a l but m e d i c a l l y un­sa f e a b o r t i o n was a Puerto Rican woman i n NY's L i n c o l n H o s p i t a l .

NY's p u b l i c schools i n t e n t i o n a l l y mis-educate t h e i r c h i l d r e n by s y s t e m a t i c ­a l l y r o b b i n g them o f t h e i r c u l t u r e and language, by keeping them f u n c t i o n a l l y i l l i t e r a t e , and by t r a c k i n g them I n t o deadend e u r r l e u l a - I n o t h e r words, per­p e t u a t i n g and i n s t i t u t i o n a l i s i n g t h e e x i s ­t e n t sexual and r a c i a l d i s c r i J i l n a t l o n .

WHAT PUERTO RICAN INDEPENDENCE MEANS TO PUERTO RICAN WOMEN AND TO ALL WOMEN

The o n l y road t o the t r u e l i b e r a t i o n o f our Puerto Rican s i s t e r s i s thr o u g h t h e independence o£ t h e i r nation. Only then can t h e Puerto Rican people determine how best t o use t h e i r r e s o u r c e s ( b o t h human and m i n e r a l ) f o r t h e good o f t h e i r c o u n t r y and n ot f o r t h e w e a l t h o f the us co r p o r a ­t i o n s . We must support t h e December 1973 U n i t e d N a t i o n s r e s o l u t i o n r e c o g n i z i n g t h e r i g h t o f t h e Puerto Rican {>eople t o s e l f -d e t e r m i n a t i o n and Independence,

Women a l l over t h e w o r l d have been i n the f o r e f r o n t o f the s t r u g g l e s t o l i b e r a t e t h e i r homelands. We have begun t o t r a n s ­form t h e q u a l i t y o f l i f e f o r t h e whole

the m i s c o n c e p t i o n t h a t t h e o p e r a t i o n i s r e v e r s i b l e , t h a t t h e i r p u b l i c a s s i s t a n c e w i l l be w i t h h e l d , or t h a t t h e economic c r i s i s i n the c o u n t r y i s due t o overpopu­l a t i o n .

Women comprise 3 5 7 o o f t h e l a b o r f o r c e i n Puerto Rico and average about $ 7 0 a week i n wages - t h i s i n a c o u n t r y where th e average p r i c e o f goods and b a s i c ne­c e s s i t i e s i s 2 5 7 „ h i g h e r t h a n i n New York, Women are channeled i n t o u n s k i l l e d , low-pay i n g j o b s i n which t h e c o n d i t i o n s are dehumanizing, unsafe and dangerous t o t h e i r h e a l t h . I n a d d i t i o n , women have p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for work i n t h e home.

US m i l i t a r y presence and the l a r g e t o u r i s m i n d u s t r y have brought w i t h them a growing t r a d e i n b o t h drugs and p r o s t i t u ­t i o n . Women are c o n t i n u a l l y b e i n g f o r c e d i n t o p r o s t i t u t i o n as t h e i r o n l y means o f supplementing t h e i r meager incomes. CONDITIONS OF PUERTO RICAN WOMEN I N THE US

Co n d i t i o n s d e t e r i o r a t e f o r Puerto R i ­can women f o r c e d t o m i g r a t e t o the US as a r e s u l t o f t h e i r t r i p l e o p p r e s s i o n from I n ­s t i t u t i o n a l i z e d sexism, racism and p o v e r t y . I n a p e r i o d o f run-away i n f l a t i o n and h i g h unemployment, t h i r d w o r l d women a r e t h e l a s t h i r e d f o r t h e fcw a v a i l a b l e j o b s and the f i r s t f i r e d when t h e r e are cutbacks. They are s t i l l channeled I n t o t h e l e a s t s k i l l e d and lowest p a i d j o b s as w e l l as aga i n b e i n g f o r c e d i n t o p r o s t i t u t i o n ,

Job s c a r c i t y f o r c e s women t o be sub­j e c t e d t o t h e dehumanization o f the we l ­f a r e system, p r o v i d i n g too l i t t l e money f o r even s u b s i s t e n c e food, c l o t h i n g , o r hous i n g . Women are caught i n the double b i n d o f e i t h e r t r y i n g t o s u r v i v e on sub-su b s i s t e n c e wages or t r y i n g t o work I n o r d e r t o supplement t h e i r Incomes, t h e r e ­by r i s k i n g l o s i n g e n t i r e l y t h e i r scant p u b l i c a s s i s t a n c e . Lack o f low-cost day c a r e , p u b l i c o r p r i v a t e , means t h a t moth­ers must remain a t home t o r a i s e t h e i r c h i l d r e n .

s o c i e t y , f i g h t i n g f o r : 24-hour f r e e day­c a r e ; shared r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r household l a b o r ; an end t o p r o s t i t u t i o n and v e n e r a l d i s e a s e ; f r e e and q u a l i t y h e a l t h care and e d u c a t i o n ; and n o n - e x p l o i t a t i v e work f o r a l l p e ople.

The s t r u g g l e f o r t h e independence o f Puerto Rico i s an example and an i n s p i r a ­t i o n t o women i n t h e US - t h e i r s o l u t i o n s p r o v i d e p o s s i b l e answers t o our common problems. J u s t as our o p p r e s s i o n crosses n a t i o n a l b o u n d a r i e s , so must our s t r u g g l e . We must support a l l s t r u g g l e s where our s i s t e r s a r e f i g h t i n g t o f r e e t h e i r people from t h e many f a c e t s o f US dom i n a t i o n -sexism, racism and economic e x p l o i t a t i o n .

US i m p e r i a l i s m i a t h e common enemy o f a l l people f i g h t i n g f o r t h e i r l i b e r a ­t i o n . The l i b e r a t i o n o f t h e women o f Puer­t o Rico i s a v i c t o r y f o r t h e N o r t h Ameri­can tjomen'fi movement - a d e f e a t o f US con­t r o l o f Puerto Rico i s a v i c t o r y f o r t h e peoples o f t h e w o r l d .

No woman should have t o f i g h t her op p r e s s i o n by h e r s e l f .

Women I n Puerto Rican H i s t o r ; ^ I n s t r u g g l e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d -

r e v o l u t i o n s , i n s u r r e c t i o n s , p r o t e s t s , s t r i k e s , u p r i s i n g s and s t u d e n t demonstra­t i o n s - women have pla y e d an o u t s t a n d i n g r o l e . PUERTO RICO HAS NOT BEEN THE EXCEP­TION, Women such as Mariana B r a c e t t i , f i g h ­t e r i n t h e G t i t o De L a r e s ( t h e 1868 anned r e b e l l i o n a g a i n s t t h e Spanish); L o l a Rod­r i g u e z de T i o , a n a t i o n a l i s t as w e l l as f i g h t e r f o r women's r i g h t s ; Blanca Canales, l e a d e r o f r e v o l u t i o n a r y f o r c e s , i n Jayuya i n 1950; L o l l t a Lebron, c u r r e n t l y i n p r i -spn f o r her a c t s o f n a t i o n a l i s m , A n t o n i a M a r t i n e z , murdered i n Puerto Rico a t an ant i - A m e r i c a n d e m o n s t r a t i o n ; and a l l t h e c o u n t l e s s women who a c t i v e l y f o u g h t i n l a b o r and s o c i a l i s t s t r u g g l e s , form a l a r g e p a r t o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a d i t i o n i n P uerto R i c o . Since Lares and thr o u g h a c e n t u r y o f s t r u g g l e , t h e Pue r t o Rican wo-

S i s t e r s ; T h i s s e c t i o n o f t h e p a p e r

I s o p e n t o c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f women t h r o u g h o u t t h e r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t . P l e a s e s e n d U3 a r t i c l e s , poems, K r f l p h u s . o r s t o r i e s y o u w o u l d l i k e t o s e e p r i n t e d m t h e p a p e r a n d we w i l l do o u r b e s t l o ^ e l t h e m I n ,

T f we a r e t o t e f l p l . t e r s , we m u s t d e v e l o p t h e o r e t i c a l w e a p o n s !

man has been i n the f r o n t l i n e s . Her r o l e w i l l c o n t i n u e t o be more i m p o r t a n t every day,

INDEPENDENCE FOR PUERTO RTCO! A EI-CENTENWIAL WITHOUT COLONIES!

I n 1976, t h e US w i l l c e l e b r a t e I t s 200th a n n i v e r s a r y as a n a t i o n . I t i s a f a r c e t o speak o f c e l e b r a t i n g t h e 1 7 7 6

r e v o l u t i o n a g a i n s t c o l o n i a l i s m w h i l e de­n y i n g freedom t o another people. The m i l ­l i o n s Of Americans who c o n t i n u e t o oppose US i m p e r i a l i s m i n Vietnam must a l s o J o i n i n demanding an end t o US do m i n a t i o n o f th e courageous Pu e r t o Rican people. Taken from a l e a f l e t w r i t t e n f o r Puerto Rican S o l i d a r i t y Day

.HERSTORY, FROM PRARIE FIRE ^

WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE AND ANTI-SLAVERY For over a q u a r t e r o f a c e n t u r y , un­

t i l a s e r i o u s s p l i t developed a f t e r t h e C i v i l War, t h e two movements-to f r e e th e s l a v e s and t o l i b e r a t e women-nour­ishe d and st r e n g t h e n e d each o t h e r . White women openly advocated freedom f o r Black people; White and Black women walked o a l m l y t o g e t h e r t h r o u g h mobs o f angry men, openly c h a l l e n g i n g t h e p a r a n o i a o f p l a n t a t i o n m o r a l i t y w i t h i t s emphasis on the p r o t e c t i o n o f dependent w h i t e women. Th i s was a b o l d blow t o r a c i s t and s e x i s t i d e o l o g y .

From t h e e a r l i e s t days o f t h e a n t i -s l a v e r y f i g h t , courageous women l i k e Fanny W r i g h t and Maria W. Stewart d e f i e d scorn and r i d i c u l e i n o r d e r t o speak o u t i n p u b l i c . Soon Female A n t i - S l a v e r y S o c i e t i e s were formed t h r o u g h o u t t h e N o r t h , t r y i n g t o r e c r u i t a c t i v i s t s f o r th e Underground R a i l r o a d , t o w r i t e , persuade, and awaken t h e i r s i s t e r s t o the t y r a n n y o f s l a v e r y . Women r a i s e d b o t h t h e i s s u e o f a b o l i t i o n and e q u a l ­i t y f o r women.

Harriet Tubtrtan

I n t h e 1850's, something l i k e f i v e hun­dred Black people a year p e n e t r a t e d t h e South under t h e most dangerous c o n d i t i o n s t o l e a d o t h e r s t o freedom. H a r r i e t t Tubman-c a l l e d Moses by t h e slaves-was t h e most famous condu c t o r . Not i n t i m i d a t e d by a huge bounty on her head, she l e d hundreds N o r t h w i t h o u t ever l o s i n g a passenger. She s a i d : "There are two t h i n g s I ' v e g o t a r i g h t t o , and these are d e a t h and l i b e r t y . One o r t h e o t h e r I mean t o have. No one w i l l t a k e me back a l i v e . "

B l a c k r e s i s t a n c e d e f i n e d t h e m i l i t a n t terms o f t h e a n t i - s l a v e r y f i g h t , and was an example t o t h e two mass movements which grew up a l o n g s i d e t h e Black s t r u g g l e - t h e Womens Movement and t h e A b o l i t i o n i s t s .

( c o n t i n u e d bottom o f pg. 15)

SEI2E THE TIME PAGE 15

Cultural Workers' Front of Our America

Taken from a pamphlet w r i t t e n by the C u l t u r a l Workers' Front o£ Our America Summary o f t h e C u l t u r a l Workers'

Conference . On October 5th and 6th, 1974, r e p r e ­

s e n t a t i v e o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 30 groups g a t h ­ered a t the East Los Angeles college m response t o a c a l l t o form a Northamerican s e c t i o n o f t h e C u l t u r a l w o r k e r s ' Front o f Our A m e r i c a ( F r e n t e de Trabajadores de l a C u l t u r a de Nuestra A m e r i c a ) , a u n i t e d c u l ­t u r a l f r o n t a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m .

The two day se s s i o n was i n i t i a l l y o r g a n i s e d and c h a i r e d by E l i s a Mariana Coleman of t h e T e a t r o de l a Cente and Rene Rodriguez o f T e a t r o Urbano. By t h e c o n c l u ­s i o n Of t h e conference the b a s i s o f t h e f r o n t was l a i d , w i t h a view t h a t i t would be expanded th r o u g h o u t Northamerica.

Opening t h e conference, L u i s Martjuez P l a z , d i r e c t o r o f Tea t r o T r l a n g u l o de Ven­e z u e l a , gave a b r i e f h i s t o r y o f the Front i n L a t i n a m e r i c a and s p e c i f i c a l l y i n Vene-suela,

A d r i a n Vargas from T e a t r o de la Gen-te(S a n Jose, C a l i f . ) gave an I n t r o d u c t o r y speech on t h e purpose o f the meeting: t o t e a r away the w a l l s o f i s o l a t i o n separa­t i n g c u l t u r a l workers(who are from a l l backgrounds), to exchange e x p e r i e n c e , t o sum up p r a c t i c e s , t o p i n p o i n t t h e enemy and t o u n i t e under the l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s £or t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f our common enemy, i m p e r i a l i s m .

I n d i s c u s s i o n , t h e group saw th e pur­pose o f t h e F r o n t as t w o - f o l d ; f i r s t , t o produce c u l t u r a l work t h a t a t t e m p t s to create a s u p e r - s t r u c t u r e f o r a mass move­ment a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m j seeing OUr work as coming out o f t h e a c t u a l s t r u g g l e s o f T h i r d World and w o r k i n g people a g a i n s t I m p e r i a l i s m and t o r e f l e c t these t o a broad audience. Secondly, t o g a i n f u r t h e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e n a t u r e o f i m p e r i a l ­i s t c u l t u r e and t o develop people's c u l ­t u r e t o combat t h i s dominant i m p e r i a l i s t c u l t u r e .

F o l l o w i n g t h e i n t r o d u c t o r y speeches, a l l p r e s e n t gave a b r i e f summary o f them­s e l v e s and t h e i r work. Represented was a broad c r o s s - s e c t i o n o f c u l t u r a l workers -t h e a t e r p e o p l e , m u r a l i s t s , f i l m d i s t r i b u ­t o r s , musiciams, p u b l i s h e r s , j o u r n a l i s t s , g r a p h i c a r t i s t s and photographers, t o name a few.

A f t e r a break f o r l u n c h on Saturday, the p o i n t s of u n i t y of the C u l t u r a l Work­e r s ' F r o n t o f Our America were discussed which l e d t o some minor r e v i s i o n s o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f u n i t y i n c l u d e d i n Communl-aue No, 3 which had been f o r m u l a t e d i n Mexico C i t y i n J u l y , 197A, These r e v i s i o n s made t h e p o i n t s o f u n i t y more r e l e v a n t t o the c o n d i t i o n s o f N o r t h a m e r i c a , The r e s u l t , Coimnunlque No. 4 i s as f o l l o w s :

POINTS OF UNITY These are the p o i n t s o f u n i t y formed

by t h e f i r s t meeting o f t h e Northamerican s e c t i o n o f t h e C u l t u r a l workers' Front o f Our America h e l d i n East Los Angeles Oct­ober 5th and 6th, 1974. These p o i n t s a r e based on t h e documents put out t h i s sum­mer i n Mexico by the L a t i n a m e r i c a n sec­t i o n . I t was r e v i s e d so as t o more accur­a t e l y r e f l e c t t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f people s t r u g g l i n g w i t h i n t he U n i t e d S t a t e s . The document should be seen o n l y as a s k e l e t o n . A f t e r p r a c t i c e we hope t o r e v i s e i t and expand upon i t .

The f o l l o w i n g wag decided: 1, To name o u r s e l v e s C u l t u r a l Workers' F r o n t o f Our America, r a t h e r than C u l t u r a l Workers' Front o f L a t i n a m e r i c a , i n o r d e r t o r e a l i z e t h e n e c e E s l t y o f i n c l u d i n g groups which are n o t L a t l n a m e r i c a n ( r e c o g -n i z i n g t he e x t r a o r d i n a r y c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f a l l T h i r d World and oppressed peoples t h r o u g h o u t the Americas) whose o b j e c t i v e s c o i n c i d e w i t h those o f the Front and who s t r u g g l e a g a i p s t a common enemy - yankee i m p e r i a l i s m and i t s a l l i e s .

2. To r e a f f i r m and c l a r i f y t h e o b j e c ­t i v e s o f the F r o n t !

a. The Front has a p o l i t i c a l / c u l t u r a l c h a r a c t e r t o e s t a b l i s h c u l t u r a l a c t i o n . We beg i n w i t h t he o b j e c t i v e a n a l y s i s o f co n c r e t e g i t u a t i o n s , a d o p t i n g a d e f i n i t e p o s i t i o n i n t h e frame o f c l a s s s t r u g g l e , b. To f i g h t w i t h a l l i t s f o r c e s a g a i n s t Northamerican I m p e r i a l i s m and i t s a l l i e s , unmasking i t s moves and encouraging the c o n f r o n t a t i o n between t h e p o p u l a r c u l ­t u r e and t h e m y s t i f y i n g , dominant c u l ­t u r e o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t c l a s s system, c. The e s c a l a t i o n o f fas c i s m i n L a t i n ­america o r g a n i z e d by Northamerican i n ­t e r e s t s , and p a r t i c u l a r l y m a n i f e s t i n the g o r i l l a golpes i n B r a z i l , B o l i v i a , Uruguay and most r e c e n t l y i n t h e p a i n f u l

w a l l Mural on Black L i b e r a t i o n a t the Grove S t r e e t C o l l e g e , Oakland C a l i f o r n i a

• massacre o f C h i l e a n w o r k e r s , campesinos, p o l i t i c a l and c u l t u r a l w o r k e r s , demands t h a t we a c t t o h a l t t h i s inhuman a t t a c k by the i m p e r i a l i s t s and t h e i r puppets who a r e f e e l i n g the w e i g h t o f the h i s ­t o r i c a l change t h a t i s shaping our peo­p l e s . d. The c u l t u r a l workers i n Northamerica have the s p e c i a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o de­f e a t US i m p e r i a l i s m from w i t h i n t he b e l ­l y o f t h e b e a s t , e. To r e a l i z e t h e h i g h e s t o b j e c t i v e s o f our p r a c t i c e we should adopt the most f o r w a r d p o i n t o f v i e w o f t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s . f . Committed t o u n i t y and o r g a n i z a t i o n , the Front s t r i v e s t o encourage t h e form­a t i o n o f new a r t i s t i c and s c i e n t i f i c o r g a n i z a t i o n s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e d i v e r s e s e c t o r s o f p r a c t l c e ( p o p u l a r c u l t u r a l c e n t e r s , p a i n t i n g workshops, music, t h e ­a t e r groups, c o l l e c t i v e s , c o a l i t i o n s , e t c . ) and searches f o r t h e i n t e g r a t i o n o f those a l r e a d y i n e x i s t e n c e . g. The F r o n t conducts i t s e l f as an i n d e ­pendent o r g a n i z a t i o n not s u b j e c t t o any p a r t y s t r u c t u r e s , g i v i n g i t t h e freedom t o choose i t s forms o f m i l i t a n c y , h. We denounce imprisonments, t o r t u r e , a s s a s s i n a t i o n s and o t h e r forms o f op­p r e s s i o n t h a t v i c t i m i z e our peoples. 1, We support the a c t i v i t e s o f c u l t u r a l workers w o r l d w i d e a g a i n s t a l l forms o f c a p i t a l i s t i c e x p l o i t a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g r a c i s m and sexism.

WOMEN IN THE LABOR MOVEMENT D u r i n g t h e e a r l y 1800's, l a r g e num­

bers o f women e n t e r e d t h e t e x t i l e m i l l s and f a c t o r i e s o f New England f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e . O f t e n t h e y found themselves a t odds w i t h t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y standards o f f a c t o r y decorum and w i t h t h e f a c t t h a t t h e y were p a i d f a r l e s s t h a n men do i n g t h e same work. The f i r s t s t r i k e by women tood p l a c e i n t h e Dover, New Hampshire m i l l s i n 1829. P r o l t a r i a n i -z a t i o n o f US women i n t h e N o r t h e a s t , th e s o c i a l c o n t a c t i n t h e m i l l s , was a background f o r t h e upsurge i n con-ciousness and p r o t e s t among women which would develop over t h e n e s t few decades. Bourgeois women, r e c e n t l y f r e e d by t h e growth o f f a c t o r e i s from household chores l i k e weaving, sewing and soap-making, a l s o began t o chafe a t t h e l i m ­i t a t i o n s ifflpoeed on them because o£ sex.

There were many immigrants among the masses o f women who now en t e r e d the f a c t ­o r i e s . O f t e n , t h e bosses p l a c e d women o f d i f f e r e n t n a t i o n a l i t i e s n e x t t o one another on workbenches, hoping t h a t language b a r ­r i e r s and c u l t u r a l d i f f e r e n c e s would h i n d e r th e p o a a i b i l i t y f o r u n i t y .

women worked as domestics, i n the t e x t i l e i n d u s t r i e s o f New England and New York, garment sweatshops, l a u n d r y and food s e r v i c e s . I n 1909 and 1910, t h e womens' s h i r t w a i s t m a K e r s ' s t r i k e s e r u p t e d i n New York C i t y . S i x t y p e r c e n t o f t h e workers were women, 70 p e r c e n t were between t h e ages o f 16 and 25. They worked 56 hours a week i n d i n g y l o f t s . Women pushed t h e c o r ­r u p t male u n i o n l e a d e r s h i p t o s u p p o r t t h e i r demands f o r s h o r t e r hours and decent w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s . At one p r e - s t r i k e m eeting, C l a r a L e m l i c h , a young o r g a n i z e r , i n t e r r u p t e d t h e speeches o f un i o n o f f i c i a l s t o d e c r y t h e go-slow a t t i t u d e and c a l l f o r a s t r i k e . I n t h e two months o f the s t r i k e , over one thousand s t r i k e r s were a r r e s t e d .

The s h i r t w a i s t m a k e r s ' m i l i t a n c y s p u r r e d t h e o r g a n i z i n g o f u n i o n shops t h r o u g h o u t t h e e n t i r e garment i n d u s t r y .

These e a r l y s t r i d e s c o n f r o n t e d t h e Women'sSuffrage Movement w i t h t h e impor­tance o f j o i n i n g t h e l i f e - a n d - d e a t h s t r u g ­g l e s o f t h e i r w o r k i n g s i s t e r s . I n 1914, t h e Rockefeller-owned s t a t e m i l i t i a burned a s t r i k i n g m i ners' t e n t c o l o n y i n Ludlow, Colorado, k i l l i n g two women and t h i r t e e n c h i l d r e n . T h i r t y miners were shot down i n the ensuing b a t t l e . A t t i c a was n o t t h e f i r s t massacre o r d e r e d by a R o c k e f e l l e r . A a u f -f e r a g e l e a d e r named E l i s a b e t h Freeman l e d p i c k e t s a g a i n s t R o c k e f e l l e r ' s Standard O i l O f f i c e s i n New York t o p r o t e s t t h e Ludlow Maasncre.

FUR AND LEATHER WORKERS STRIKE NEW YORK, 19 21

S t r i k e s o f t e n s t r e t c h e d o u t f o r l o n g months, i n v o l v e d desperate hunger and want, l o s s o f l i f e and many tim e s d e s p a i r a t

cr u m b l i n g f i g h t i n g s t r e n g t h . I n these s i t ­u a t i o n s , f a m i l y h a r d s h i p i s trememdous, and t h e s t r e n g t h and f i g h t i n g c a p a c i t y o f women and c h i l d r e n becomes c r i t i c a l . Or­g a n i z i n g r e t a l i a t i o n , s t r i k e s u p p o r t , f o o d , m e d i c a l h e l p and s u p p l i e s , f i g h t i n g on t h e p i c k e t l i n e s , p e r s u a d i n g scabs n o t t o scab, and h o l d i n g o u t , l e a d i n g p e r s i s t i n g have a l l been done by women. Women helped spe­c i a l womem's meetings i n t h e Lawrence and P a t t e r s o n s t r i k e s . They opened up t h e s t r u g ­g l e a g a i n s t t h e lord-and-master a t t i t u d e o f many o f t h e men, demanded t h a t t h e f u l l burdens o f housework and r a i s i n g c h i l d r e n be shared.

Women o r g a n i z e d and l e d o t h e r s o c i a l and c u l t u r a l movements p a r a l l e l t o t h e l a b o r s t r u g g l e s and t h e s u f f e r a g e move­ment. THE SPLIT I N THE WOMENS' MOVEMENT

The l o n g s t r u g g l e for women's s u f ­f r a g e was won i n 1920. The c o s t p a i d f o r t h i s v i c t o r y , h o w e v e r , was g r e a t . The s u f ­f r a g e movement came t o include open a r ­guments f o r g i v i n g women the v o t e on a n t i -i mmigrant grounds and i n o r d e r t o m a i n t a i n a w h i t e m a j o r i t y ( s i n c e Black women would f a c e d l s e n r r a n c h i s e m e n t I n t h e S o u t h ) . A n t i - f o r e i g n and a n t i - I n d i a n r a t i o n a l e s were used by s u f f r a g i s t s who posed t h e v o t e f o r e n l i g h t e n e d , c h u r c h - g o i n g women a g a i n s t th e s p e c t e r o f t h e c o a r s e . v i c i o u s and i g ­n o r a n t p o p u l a t i o n o f t h e slums. S i s t e r s who knew b e t t e r began s a y i n g t h a t t h e B l a c k q u e s t i o n and t h e q u e s t i o n o f women were n o t r e l a t e d . Proposals from Black women u r g i n g f i g h t s a g a i n s t s e g r e g a t i o n were d i s m i s s e d as " o u t s i d e i s s u e s . " The p a c t between w h i t e supremacy and t h e South and s u f f r a g e f o r women was s e a l e d i n 1903 on t h e i s s u e o f St a t e s ' r i g h t s , when a Women's S u f f r a g e Convention d e c i d e d t h a t l o c a l s c o u l d de­c i d e on a l l p o l i c y q u e s t i o n s o£ membership. T h i s i n s u r e d t h a t many suffrage a s s o c i a ­t i o n s were segregated.

PAGE 1 6 CULTURAL REVOLUTION SEIZE THE TIME