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Satellitengestütztes Atmosphärenmonitoringinkl. Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von Copernicus Sentinel
SatellitenHeinrich Bovensmann
Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität BremenMit Beiträgen von: Andreas Richter (IUP), John P. Burrows (IUP), Thomas
Wagner (MPI Mainz), Paul Ingmann (ESA), Ben Veihelmann (ESA)
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 2
SCIAMACHY on ENVISATSentinel 5 on METOP SG
Sentinel 4 on MTG
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20401995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
IUP, University of Bremen and Sentinel‐5P/‐5/‐4
Sentinel 5 Precursor
GeoSCIA Concept
GOME‐2 METOP
GHG Airborne (passive)CarbonSat DevelopmentEU /ESA CO2 Mission Carbon Constellation
Advisory Groups: SCIAMACHY, GOME, MTG, GMES, Sentinel‐5P, Sentinel‐4/‐5, CarbonSat etc.
UVN Concept
Global Air Quality Contellation
Expertise: remote sensing of atmospheric composition (Ozone, pollutants, greenhouse gases) using solar absorption spectroscopy (240 nm to 2400 nm, ground based, airborne, satellite) and its interpretation.
GOME on ERS‐2OMI
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 3
Satellite NO2 Measurements: Principle
DOAS-Analysis
Slant Column
Tropospheric Slant Column
Tropospheric VerticalColumn
RadiativeTransfer Model Airmass Factor
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 44
Satellite NO2 Measurements: Example
anthropogenicpollution biomass
burning
ships
transport
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 5
SCIAMACHY NO2 shows large changes in air pollution (Hilboll et al., ACP 2013, doi:10.5194/acp‐13‐4145‐2013)
• Strong economic growth in Asia and Middle East increases NOx emissions
• Environmental regulations, cleaner fuel and economic troubles reduce NOx emissions in Europe and the US
• Downward trend has slowed down in Europe after 2002 but accelerated in the US
Nitrogen dioxide from anthropogenic pollution has been increasing in Asia and decreasing in Europe, Japan and the US
Hilboll, A., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: Long-term changes of tropospheric NO2 over megacities derived from multiple satellite instruments, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 4145-4169, doi:10.5194/acp-13-4145-2013, 2013
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 6
NO2 Trends: Comparison with bottom up emission estimates
• Overall pattern in emission data base is correct• Increase in China is underestimated• Increase in India and Middle East is overestimated• Decrease in Europe / US is underestimated
6
GOME and SCIAMACHY EDGAR v4.2
Hilboll, A., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: Long-term changes of tropospheric NO2 over megacities derived from multiple satellite instruments, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 4145-4169, doi:10.5194/acp-13-4145-2013, 2013
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 7
NO2 Trends above China
Until 2011, there was continuous increase in NO2
After two years of stagnation, 2014/15 saw a large decrease Economic slow down? Improved technology? Switch in fuels used? Other factors?
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 8
Anthropogenic NOx sources: Lifetime
• For large and isolated point sources, OMI observations can be sorted by wind direction
• Plume model provides lifetime• Column + lifetime gives emissions
8
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Outlook S-5P/-5/-4: 7 x 7 km spatial resolution (and for S-4 hourly measurements duringday time), will allow to track city emissions at least on a monthly basis and with a shortresponse time (some month)
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 9
Intermediate Summary …
• Satellite-based solar absoptions spectroscopy demonstrated toprovide unique and usefull data to constrain trends in emissionsand document air pollution changes
• Also demonstrated (SCIAMACHY, GOME, OMI, GOME-2)• Sulfur Dioxide SO2
• Formaldehyde HCHO• Glyoxal CHOCHO• Trop. Ozone• Carbon Monoxide CO• Methane CH4
• Sentinel-5P, -4 and -5 is build on the knowledge gained in theheritage missions
• Carbon Dioxide CO2
• H2O, HDO• Absorbing Aerosol Index• Cloud Top Height• IO, BrO, OClO• Chlorophyll Fluorescence
(Land & Ocean)
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 10
The Atmospheric Sentinel Missions
GEO stationary (GEO)–Hourly revisit time over Europe–Mainly air quality–Diurnal cycle of tropospheric compositionSentinel-4 (on MTG-S)
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)– Daily revisit global coverage– Climate, air quality, ozone & UV– Tropospheric & stratospheric
composition Sentinel-5 Precursor Sentinel-5 (on METOP-SG)
L.T. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040Sentinel‐5p 13.30hSentinel‐4 ‐ 1 geoSentinel‐4 ‐ 2 geoSentinel‐5 ‐ 1 09.30hSentinel‐5 ‐ 2 09.30hSentinel‐5 ‐ 3 09.30h
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 11
Footprint Size Sentinel‐5P/‐5/‐4
GOME-2
Sciamachy
OMI
Footprint Size (7-8 km)similar for Sentinel-5P, -5, -4
Big step toward resolving sources and tropospheric process studies
Imag
e: G
oogl
e m
aps
S-5P, S5 will deliver approx. as many cloud-free data points in one day as SCIAMACHY in one year
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 12
Sentinel‐5P Spatial Resolution
Sentinel-5Pspatial resolution
Offenbach
Trop. NO2 OMI 2005 – 2010 13 km x 26 km
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 13
Sentinel‐5 Precursor and Sentinel‐5 Observation Geometry
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 14
Atmospheric Sentinel (S‐5P/S‐5, S‐4) COPERNICUS Level‐2 Products and Applications
Product
Application
AirQuality
ClimateOzone Layer
Radiation Surface UV
Emissions Fluxes
O3 total & trop. column X X X X
O3 profile X X
NO2 total & trop. column X X X
SO2 total column X X X
CHOCHO total column X
CH2O total column X tbc
CO total column LEO ONLY X X X
CH4 total column LEO ONLY X X
Aerosol extinction coeff. profile, column optical depth / type / index
X x X
Cloud optical thickness, fraction, altitude X
Surface reflectance X X
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 15
Spatial resolution of the next generation of atmospheric operational sensors needs to be in the 1‐2 km range (example CH4)
2 km
ΔXCH4 ≈ + 0.84%
7 km
ΔXCH4 ≈ + 0.34%
S5P/S5 (2016-2035)
Airbus
Current Airborne
S5P/S5 “blind” for localized
sources below 7-8 km
Future system with 1-2 km
spatial resolution is able to detect
and quantify localized sources
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 16
Morning Flight
Trop. NO2 over Berlin, Thursday 21 April 2016
Afternoon Flight
AirMap = University of Bremen Imaging DOAS flown on Cessna of FU Berlin within ESA funded AROMAPEX campaign.A. Meier, University of Bremen
7 km 7 km
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 17
Summary / Recommendations
Remote sensing of atmospheric composition evolved fromscience and pre-operational missions (SCIAMACHY, GOME-1/-2, OMI, ) into operations within COPERNICUS (Sentinel-5P, Sentinel-4, Sentinel-5 and related services) for Ozone, Climate and Air Qualitity applications with data continuityover 2.5 decades.
• The scientific potential of atmospheric Sentinels remain partlyunexplored, due to the lack of funding for science.
• Especially S-4 on MTG and S-5 on METOP-NG offer a lot ofsynergies across sensors on same platform (multi-sensor products), its potential is currently in large parts unexplored.
• Amount of data will challenge data usage.
The atmospheric Sentinels needs to be improved within theSentinel evolution process:
• Adequate (fit-for-purpose) greenhouse gas data (CO2, CH4)• Higher spatial resolution (1-2 km) for Sentinel-4/-5 follow-on
heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 18