SAP R3 Sysadminstartor

System Administration Made EasyMicrosoftSQL Server TM

R/3 System Release 4.6A/B

STSAP Labs, Inc. Palo Alto, California

Copyright 2000 by SAP AG. All rights reserved. Neither this documentation nor any part of it may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means or translated into another language, without the prior consent of SAP AG. SAP AG makes no warranties or representations with respect to the content hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. SAP AG assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. SAP AG reserves the right to make any such changes without obligation to notify any person of such revision or changes. SAP AG makes no commitment to keep the information contained herein up to date.

TrademarksSAP, the SAP logo, R/2, R/3, ABAP, and other SAP-related products mentioned herein are registered or unregistered trademarks of SAP AG. All other products mentioned in this document are registered or unregistered trademarks of their respective companies.

Simplification Group SAP Labs, Inc. 3475 Deer Creek Road Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.saplabs.com/simple [email protected]

Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-893570-43-6

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Contents at a Glance

Introduction Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Chapter 9: Chapter 10: Chapter 11: Chapter 12: Chapter 13: Chapter 14: Chapter 15: Chapter 16: Chapter 17: Chapter 18: Chapter 19: Chapter 20: Chapter 21: Chapter 22: Chapter 23: Appendix A: Appendix B: Appendix C: Appendix D: Index

R/3 System Administration Basics

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1-1

Disaster Recovery......................................................................................2-1 Backup and Recovery................................................................................3-1 Scheduled Daily Tasks...............................................................................4-1 Scheduled Weekly Tasks...........................................................................5-1 Scheduled Monthly Tasks..........................................................................6-1 Scheduled Quarterly Tasks........................................................................7-1 Scheduled Annual Tasks............................................................................8-1 Multi-Role Tasks.........................................................................................9-1 R/3 System Administration......................................................................10-1 Security Administration...........................................................................11-1 User Administration.................................................................................12-1 Database Administration - Microsoft SQL Server..................................13-1 Output Management.................................................................................14-1 Network/OS/Server Administration.........................................................15-1 Operations.................................................................................................16-1 Change Management................................................................................17-1 Troubleshooting.......................................................................................18-1 Performance..............................................................................................19-1 SAPNetWeb Frontend...........................................................................20-1 SAPNet-R/3 Frontend...............................................................................21-1 Remote Services.......................................................................................22-1 Special Maintenance.................................................................................23-1 Useful Transactions..................................................................................A-1 Useful Resources and ProductsB-1

Useful SAP Notes......................................................................................C-1 Upgrade Discussion..................................................................................D-1 ..............................................................................................................................1-1

System Administration Made Easy

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Contents at a Glance

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Detailed Table of Contents

Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................xix Introduction What Is This Guidebook About?............................................................................xxii Who Should Read This Book?...............................................................................xxii Prerequisites.............................................................................................................xxiii System..................................................................................................................xxiv Organization...........................................................................................................xxv Content..................................................................................................................xxv Conventions..............................................................................................................xxvi Special Icons.........................................................................................................xxvii Chapter 1: R/3 System Administration Basics ............................................................................1-1 Overview..................................................................................................................1-2 Roles of an R/3 System Administrator..................................................................1-2 Within R/3..................................................................................................................1-2 External to R/3..........................................................................................................1-3 Traits of an R/3 System Administrator..................................................................1-4 R/3 System Guidelines............................................................................................1-4 Protect the System....................................................................................................1-5 Do Not Be Afraid to Ask for Help...............................................................................1-5 Network with Other Customers and Consultants......................................................1-6 Keep It Short and Simple (KISS)...............................................................................1-7 Keep Proper Documentation.....................................................................................1-7 Use Checklists..........................................................................................................1-8 Use the Appropriate Tool for the Job.........................................................................1-9 Perform Preventive Maintenance..............................................................................1-9 Do Not Change What You Do Not Have To............................................................1-10 Do Not Make System Changes During Critical Periods..........................................1-11 Do Not Allow Direct Database Access....................................................................1-12 Keep all Non-SAP Activity Off the R/3 Servers.......................................................1-12 Minimize Single Points of Failure............................................................................1-13 Corollaries to Murphys Law................................................................................1-13 Special Definitions................................................................................................1-14 Application server...............................................................................................1-14 System................................................................................................................1-14 Chapter 2: Disaster Recovery.......................................................................................................2-1 xxi


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Overview .................................................................................................................. 22 What Is a Disaster? .................................................................................................. 22 Why Plan for a Disaster? ........................................................................................ 23 Planning for a Disaster ........................................................................................... 24 Creating a Plan ......................................................................................................... 24 What Are the Business Requirements for Disaster Recovery? ................................. 24 Who will provide the requirements? ............................................................................ 24 What are the requirements? ....................................................................................... 24 When Should a Disaster Recovery Procedure Begin? ............................................. 25 Expected Downtime or Recovery Time ..................................................................... 25 Expected Downtime .............................................................................................. 25 Recovery Time ..................................................................................................... 26 Recovery Group and Staffing Roles ......................................................................... 26 Types of Disaster Recovery ...................................................................................... 27 Onsite ................................................................................................................... 27 Offsite ................................................................................................................... 27 Disaster Scenarios .................................................................................................... 28 Three Common Disaster Scenarios .......................................................................... 28 A Corrupt Database ............................................................................................. 28 A Hardware Failure .............................................................................................. 28 A Complete Loss or Destruction of the Server Facility ......................................... 29 Recovery Script ...................................................................................................... 210 Creating a Recovery Script ..................................................................................... Recovery Process ................................................................................................... Major Steps ............................................................................................................................ Crash Kit ................................................................................................................. Business Continuation During Recovery Offsite Disaster your Companys General Disaster Planning .................................. Integration with Recovery Sites When the R/3 System Returns ............................................................................... Test your Disaster Recovery Procedure ............................................................. Other Considerations ........................................................................................... Other Upstream or Downstream Applications ......................................................... Backup Sites ........................................................................................................... Minimizing the Chances for a Disaster ............................................................... Minimize Human Error ............................................................................................ Minimize Single Points of Failure ............................................................................ Cascade Failures .................................................................................................... 210 210 210 211 214 215 215 215 215 216 216 217 217 217 218 218

Chapter 3:

Backup and Recovery.................................3-1Overview..................................................................................................................3-2 Restore.....................................................................................................................3-2 Strategy.....................................................................................................................3-2 Testing Recovery..................................................................................................3-3 Backup.....................................................................................................................3-3 Transaction Logs..................................................................................................3-5

Operating System Level Files................................................................................3-6 Backup Types...........................................................................................................3-6 What Is Backed Up...............................................................................................3-7 How the Backup Is Taken......................................................................................3-8

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Backup Strategy Design............................................................................................3-9 Supplementary Backups......................................................................................3-10 General Procedures................................................................................................3-10 Backup................................................................................................................3-10 Transaction Log Backup.....................................................................................3-10 Verifying Backups...............................................................................................3-10 Monitoring/Controlling.........................................................................................3-11 Design Recommendations......................................................................................3-12 Backup Procedures and Policies.........................................................................3-13 Tape Management.................................................................................................3-13 Tracking..............................................................................................................3-15 Handling..............................................................................................................3-16 Retention Requirements.........................................................................................3-17 Recommendations..............................................................................................3-18 Storage....................................................................................................................3-18

Performance..........................................................................................................3-20 Backup....................................................................................................................3-20 Backup Options.......................................................................................................3-21 Back Up to Faster Devices.................................................................................3-21 Parallel Backup...................................................................................................3-22 Backing Up to Disks, Then to Tape....................................................................3-22 Restore Options......................................................................................................3-23 Useful SAP Notes..................................................................................................3-24 Chapter 4: Scheduled Daily Tasks................................................................................................4-1 Overview..................................................................................................................4-2 Critical Tasks...........................................................................................................4-3 The R/3 System........................................................................................................4-4 Database..................................................................................................................4-6 Operating System....................................................................................................4-6 Other.........................................................................................................................4-7 Notes........................................................................................................................4-7 The R/3 System........................................................................................................4-8 Critical Tasks...........................................................................................................4-9 Verify that the Backups Ran Successfully.................................................................4-9 OS Monitor (Transaction OS06)..............................................................................4-11 Select Background Jobs/Graphical Job Monitor (Transaction SM37/RZ01)............4-11 CCMS Alert Monitor (Transaction RZ20)................................................................4-11 Lock Entry List (Transaction SM12)........................................................................4-12


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Update Records (Transaction SM13)......................................................................4-12 System Log (Transaction SM21).............................................................................4-13 Batch Input (Transaction SM35)..............................................................................4-13 Work Processes (Transactions SM50 and SM51)...................................................4-14 Spool (Transaction SP01).......................................................................................4-14 Tune Summary (Transaction ST02)........................................................................4-14 Workload Analysis of (Transaction ST03)....................................................4-14 Database Performance Analysis (Transaction ST04).............................................4-15 ABAP Dump Analysis (Transaction ST22)..............................................................4-15 Chapter 5: Scheduled Weekly Tasks............................................................................................5-1 The R/3 System........................................................................................................5-2 Database..................................................................................................................5-3 Operating System....................................................................................................5-3 Other.........................................................................................................................5-3 Notes........................................................................................................................5-4 Database Performance (Transaction DB02).............................................................5-4 CCMS Alert Monitor (Transaction RZ20)...................................................................5-4 Spool (Transaction SP01).........................................................................................5-4 TemSe (Transaction SP12).......................................................................................5-5 Transaction STMS (TMS System).............................................................................5-5 Chapter 6: Scheduled Monthly Tasks...........................................................................................6-1 The R/3 System........................................................................................................6-2 Database..................................................................................................................6-2 Operating System....................................................................................................6-3 Other.........................................................................................................................6-4 Notes........................................................................................................................6-5 Database Performance (Transaction DB02).............................................................6-5 Chapter 7: Scheduled Quarterly Tasks.........................................................................................7-1 The R/3 System........................................................................................................7-2 Database..................................................................................................................7-3 Operating System....................................................................................................7-3 Other.........................................................................................................................7-4 Notes........................................................................................................................7-4 Edit System Profile Parameters (Transaction RZ10)................................................7-4 Select Background Jobs (Transaction SM37)...........................................................7-5 User Maintenance (Transaction SU01).....................................................................7-5 Chapter 8: Scheduled Annual Tasks............................................................................................8-1 The R/3 System........................................................................................................8-2 Database..................................................................................................................8-3 Operating System....................................................................................................8-3 Other.........................................................................................................................8-4 Notes........................................................................................................................8-4 Transaction SA38/SE38............................................................................................8-4 Transaction SE03/SCC4............................................................................................8-4

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Chapter 9:

Multi-Role Tasks..........................................................................................................9-1 Starting the R/3 System..........................................................................................9-2 Start R/3NT............................................................................................................9-3 Stopping the R/3 System........................................................................................9-5 Tasks to Be Completed Before Stopping the System...............................................9-6 Check that No Active Users Are on the System (AL08/SM04)..............................9-9 Check for Batch Jobs Running or Scheduled (SM37).........................................9-11 Check for Active Processes on All Systems (SM51)..........................................9-15 Check for External Interfaces..............................................................................9-15 Stopping R/3...........................................................................................................9-16 STOP R/3NT...................................................................................................9-16

Chapter 10:

R/3 System Administration.......................................................................................10-1 Overview................................................................................................................10-2 Major System Monitoring Tools...........................................................................10-2 CCMS Central Alert Monitor (Transaction RZ20)....................................................10-2 Accessing the CCMS Alert Monitor (RZ20).........................................................10-4 Current View and Alert View...............................................................................10-5 Switching Between the Current and Alert Views.................................................10-6 Configuring the Batch Job to Collect Historical Data (RZ21)............................10-10 View the Alerts..................................................................................................10-12 Acknowledge the Alert......................................................................................10-14 Provide System Configuration Information (Transaction RZ20)........................10-15 Maintaining The Alert Thresholds for RZ20........................................................10-17 Hiding SAP Standard Monitor Sets...................................................................10-19 Add a Monitor to the Monitor Set......................................................................10-24 System Administration Assistant (Transaction SSAA)..........................................10-28 Specific Transaction Monitoring Overview.......................................................10-32 Failed Updates (Transaction SM13).....................................................................10-32 Managing Update Terminates...........................................................................10-35 System Log (Transaction SM21)...........................................................................10-38 Locks (Transaction SM12)....................................................................................10-41 Active Users (Transactions SM04 and AL08)........................................................10-43 Single-Instance System (Transaction SM04)....................................................10-44 Multi-Instance System (Transaction AL08).......................................................10-45 Work Processes (Transactions SM50 and SM51).................................................10-46 For a System with Application Servers..............................................................10-46 For a System Without Application Servers.......................................................10-47 ABAP Dump Analysis (Transaction ST22)............................................................10-48 Simple Selection...............................................................................................10-49 Free Selection...................................................................................................10-49 System Message (SM02).....................................................................................10-51 Creating a Message..............................................................................................10-52 Editing a Message.................................................................................................10-54 ABAP Editor (SE38)..............................................................................................10-55 For Information About a Program or Report.....................................................10-56


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Detailed Table of Contents Chapter 11: Security Administration............................................................................................11-1 Overview................................................................................................................11-2 Keeping Unauthorized People out of the System...............................................11-2 Keeping People out of Places Where They Should Not Be................................11-2 Safeguarding the Data from Damage or Loss.....................................................11-3 Complying with Legal, Regulatory, and Other Requirements.............................11-3 Audits.....................................................................................................................11-4 Financial Audit........................................................................................................11-4 Audit Considerations...............................................................................................11-5 Security Layers.....................................................................................................11-6 Access Security.......................................................................................................11-7 Application Security............................................................................................11-9 Operational Security................................................................................................11-9 Data Security........................................................................................................11-10 Application or R/3 Security....................................................................................11-11 Prevent Multiple User Logins.............................................................................11-11 Preventing Changes in the Production System.....................................................11-11 Setting the Production System to Not Modifiable (Transactions SE03, SCC4)11-13 Client-Independent Changes (Transaction SE03)............................................11-14 Client-Independent and Client-Dependent Changes (SCC4)............................11-15 Verifying that Dangerous Transactions Are Locked..............................................11-17 To List Locked Transactions.............................................................................11-24 Operational Security...........................................................................................11-25 Segregation of Duties............................................................................................11-25 Restricting Access to SAP* or DDIC.....................................................................11-26 Change Management............................................................................................11-27 Password Issues and Tasks.................................................................................11-28 Setting Password Standards Using Transaction RZ10.....................................11-29 Eliminating Some Easy Passwords...................................................................11-29 Maintaining a Table of Prohibited Passwords...................................................11-30 Recording System Passwords...........................................................................11-31 NT.....................................................................................................................11-35 Databases.........................................................................................................11-36 DB2...................................................................................................................11-36 Informix.............................................................................................................11-36 Oracle/UNIX......................................................................................................11-36 Audit Tools..........................................................................................................11-37 Audit Information System (Transaction SECR).....................................................11-37 Complete Audit.................................................................................................11-38 Running the Audit Log......................................................................................11-46 Setting Security Audit Log Parameters (SM19).....................................................11-47

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User Security Audit Jobs.......................................................................................11-54 Audit Tasks..........................................................................................................11-57 Review that all Named Users are Valid.................................................................11-57 Reviewing Profiles for Accuracy and Permission Creep.......................................11-58 Chapter 12: User Administration..................................................................................................12-1 Overview................................................................................................................12-2 User Groups............................................................................................................12-2 Profile Generator.....................................................................................................12-2 Recommended Policies and Procedures............................................................12-3 User Administration.................................................................................................12-3 System Administration.............................................................................................12-5 New User Setup.....................................................................................................12-7 Prerequisites...........................................................................................................12-7 General Process or Procedure...........................................................................12-7 The Users Desktop............................................................................................12-7 Recommended Prerequisite for the GUI Installation...........................................12-7 Installing the Frontend Software-SAP GUI..............................................................12-8 Installing SAP GUI from a File Server.................................................................12-8 Installing SAP GUI from the Presentation CD....................................................12-14 To Add Additional Systems in the SAP Logon..................................................12-15 Setting Up a New User (SU01).............................................................................12-16 Copying an Existing User (SU01)......................................................................12-16 Creating a New User (SU01).............................................................................12-21 Maintaining a User (SU01)..................................................................................12-24 Resetting a Password (SU01).............................................................................12-26 Locking or Unlocking a User (SU01).................................................................12-27 User Groups.........................................................................................................12-29 How to Create a User Group (SU01)....................................................................12-30 Deleting a Users Session (Transaction SM04)................................................12-32 How to Terminate a User Session........................................................................12-33 Active Users (Transactions SM04 and AL08)........................................................12-34 Single-Instance System (Transaction SM04)....................................................12-35 Multi-Instance System (Transaction AL08).......................................................12-36 Chapter 13: Database Administration - Microsoft SQL Server..................................................13-1 Overview................................................................................................................13-2 Starting and Stopping the Database....................................................................13-2 Starting the Database..............................................................................................13-2 Stopping the Database............................................................................................13-3 Overview.................................................................................................................13-4 Database Activity (ST04).........................................................................................13-4 Database Allocation (DB02)....................................................................................13-7 Scheduling Database Tasks (DB13).....................................................................13-9


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Determining the Tape (Label) Necessary for a Backup.........................................13-13 Deleting an Entry from the Planning Calendar (DB13)..........................................13-14 Checking the Database Backup (DB12).............................................................13-15 Database Backups with Microsoft Tools...........................................................13-19 Online Backup - Using SQLServer 7.0 Enterprise Manager..................................13-19 Offline Backup - Using NTBackup.........................................................................13-24 Database Error Logs...........................................................................................13-28 R/3 - ST04.............................................................................................................13-28 Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 - Enterprise Manager...................................................13-28 Verify Database Consistency.............................................................................13-29 Run Update Statistics.........................................................................................13-29 System passwords..............................................................................................13-30 Chapter 14: Output Management..................................................................................................14-1 Contents.................................................................................................................14-1 How to Set Up the Printer in the R/3 System......................................................14-2 Check the Spool for Printing Problems (Transaction SP01).............................14-9 Check that Old Spools are Deleted (SP01)........................................................14-12 Printing the Output (SP01).................................................................................14-15 Printing the Screen.............................................................................................14-18 Check Spool Consistency (SPAD).....................................................................14-21 Check TemSe Consistency (SP12).....................................................................14-23 Chapter 15: Network/OS/Server Administration.........................................................................15-1 Overview................................................................................................................15-2 Operating System Alert (AL16)...............................................................................15-2 System Logs (OS06)...............................................................................................15-3 NT Event Logs....................................................................................................15-5 Checking File System Space Usage (RZ20)...........................................................15-6 Changing the Alert Threshold (RZ20).....................................................................15-9 Cleaning Out Old Transport Files..........................................................................15-11 Other Tasks.........................................................................................................15-12 Clean the Tape Drive............................................................................................15-12 Uninterruptible Power Supply................................................................................15-13 Check the Uninterruptible Power Supply..........................................................15-13 Check your UPS Shutdown Process..................................................................15-13 Check Maintenance Contracts..............................................................................15-14 Review Hardware or a System Monitor Paging System........................................15-15 Chapter 16: Operations.................................................................................................................16-1 Overview................................................................................................................16-2 Check that All Application Servers Are Up (Transaction SM51).......................16-2

Performance.......................................................................................................16-4

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Detailed Table of Contents Housekeeping Jobs............................................................................................16-4 Others.................................................................................................................16-5 Performance Factors for Background Jobs.............................................................16-5 Creating and Scheduling a Batch Job (SM36)........................................................16-8 Background Jobs (SM37)...................................................................................16-15 Checking the Job Log.......................................................................................16-17 Graphical Job Monitor (Transaction RZ01)...........................................................16-19 Batch Input Jobs, New or Incorrect (SM35)...........................................................16-20 Operation Modes.................................................................................................16-21 To Define the Operation Mode (RZ04)..................................................................16-23 Assign an Instance Definition to an Operation Mode (RZ04).................................16-25 The First Time You Generate an Instance Operation Mode.............................16-25 Adding a New Operation Mode.........................................................................16-26 Defining Distribution of Work Processes (RZ04)...................................................16-29 Assigning Operation Modes (SM63)......................................................................16-32 Backups...............................................................................................................16-36 Periodic Archivals.................................................................................................16-36 Backup the Database............................................................................................16-36 Performing a Full Server Backup..........................................................................16-36 Checking the Backups (DB12 & DB13).................................................................16-38 Operating System Level Backups.....................................................................16-40 NT.....................................................................................................................16-40 Checking Consumable Supplies........................................................................16-42 Chapter 17: Change Management................................................................................................17-1 Table Maintenance (Transaction SM31)..............................................................17-2 Creating an Entry in the Table (SM31)....................................................................17-2 Deleting an Entry from a Table (SM31)...................................................................17-6 Change Control.....................................................................................................17-9 Managing SAP Notes............................................................................................17-9 Change Control (Managing Transports)............................................................17-12 Transporting Objects..........................................................................................17-15 Transports into the Production System.................................................................17-15 Transporting Objects.............................................................................................17-15 TMS Method......................................................................................................17-16 Operating System Method................................................................................17-16 Standard Transport Process.................................................................................17-17 Importing the Entire Import Buffer.....................................................................17-18 Special Transports from SAP................................................................................17-18 Releasing a Request (Transport)..........................................................................17-19 TMS Method of Transporting.................................................................................17-24 The Main TMS Screen......................................................................................17-24 Adding a Special Transport into the Import Buffer............................................17-25 Using TMS to Import a Transport Request.......................................................17-27 Check the Transport Log..................................................................................17-32 OS Method of Transporting...................................................................................17-34 Adding a Special Transport Into the Import Buffer............................................17-34 Checking the Transport Log (Transaction SE10)..............................................17-35


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Chapter 18:

Troubleshooting........................................................................................................18-1 Overview................................................................................................................18-2 Basic Troubleshooting Techniques.....................................................................18-2 Gather Data........................................................................................................18-2 Evaluate the Alternatives....................................................................................18-3 Make only One Change at a Time.......................................................................18-3 Document the Changes......................................................................................18-3 Get the Complete Error Message............................................................................18-4 Get the SAP Patch Level.........................................................................................18-5 Determining What Support Packages Have Been Applied......................................18-6

Chapter 19:

Performance..............................................................................................................19-1 Overview................................................................................................................19-2 Critical Assumption.................................................................................................19-2 General Procedure................................................................................................19-3 R/3...........................................................................................................................19-4 Workload Analysis of the System (Transaction ST03)............................................19-4 Buffers (ST02).........................................................................................................19-8 Memory Defragmentation......................................................................................19-10 Database..............................................................................................................19-11 Operating System................................................................................................19-11 Operating System Monitor (OS07)........................................................................19-11 Hardware..............................................................................................................19-15 CPU and Disk........................................................................................................19-15 Memory.................................................................................................................19-15

Chapter 20:

SAP NetWeb Frontend..........................................................................................20-1 Overview................................................................................................................20-2 Logging on to SAPNet..........................................................................................20-3 Solving a Problem with SAPNet...........................................................................20-5 Entering Customer Messages.................................................................................20-9 How...................................................................................................................20-11 Viewing Customer Messages................................................................................20-13 Viewing Customer Messages...........................................................................20-14 Registering a Developer or Object....................................................................20-15 Registering a Developer........................................................................................20-15 Developer Requests Developer Key.................................................................20-16 The System Administrator Gets the Access Key...............................................20-16 Registering a Developer...................................................................................20-17 Deleting a Developer.............................................................................................20-19 Registering an Object............................................................................................20-19 Developer Requests Object Key.......................................................................20-20 The System Administrator Gets the Access Key:..............................................20-20

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Chapter 21:

Delete an Object...................................................................................................20-23 Online Correction Support.................................................................................20-24 Getting the Latest SPAM version..........................................................................20-25 Downloading Support Packages...........................................................................20-27 Specific Support Package-Related Notes.........................................................20-28 Downloading Suppor Packages........................................................................20-30 SAPNet-R/3 Frontend...........................................................................................21-1 Overview................................................................................................................21-2 Useful SAP Notes..................................................................................................21-3 Connecting to SAPNet-R/3...................................................................................21-3 Researching a Problem with SAPNet-R/3............................................................21-6 Finding Notes in the SAPNet-R/3............................................................................21-6 Entering Customer Messages (Problems) into SAPNet-R/3.................................21-10 Getting Status on Your Message..........................................................................21-15 Review the Action Log......................................................................................21-16 Display Long Text.............................................................................................21-17

Registering a Developer or Object....................................................................21-22 Registering a Developer........................................................................................21-22 Developer Requests Developer Key.................................................................21-23 The System Administrator Gets the Access Key...............................................21-23 Chapter 22: Registering an Object...........................................................................................21-26 Developer Requests Object Key.......................................................................21-26 The System Administrator Gets the Access Key...............................................21-27 Opening a Service Connection..........................................................................21-30 Order of Access to Systems.............................................................................21-30 Remote Services...................................................................................................22-1 Overview................................................................................................................22-2 Retrieving Files from SAP, SAPSERV4...............................................................22-2 Connecting to SAPSERV4 Using a GUI (NT)..........................................................22-3 An Example of an FTP Client..................................................................................22-4 Connecting to SAPSERV4 Using the Command Prompt........................................22-6 Navigating in SAPSERV4...................................................................................22-6 Connecting at the Command Prompt......................................................................22-6 Downloading Files...................................................................................................22-9 Partial Organization of SAPSERV4.......................................................................22-10 Unpacking a File...............................................................................................22-13 Special SAPNet Notes..........................................................................................22-14 EarlyWatch Session............................................................................................22-14 Special Maintenance.............................................................................................23-1 Overview................................................................................................................23-2

Chapter 23:

Changing System Profile

Parameters (Transaction RZ10)...........................................................................23-2 Support Packages...............................................................................................23-11


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Strategy.................................................................................................................23-12 High-Level Process of Applying Support Packages..............................................23-12 Determining What Support Packages Have Been Applied...................................23-13 Getting Information on the Support Package from SAPNet-R/3............................23-15 Requesting SPAM or a Support Package from SAPNet-R/3.................................23-22 Downloading a Support Package (Hot Package) - SAPNet-R/3.......................23-24 Uploading the Support Package from a CD or SAPNet-Web................................23-25 Support Package Collection CD.......................................................................23-26 SAPNet-Web....................................................................................................23-26 Updating SPAM....................................................................................................23-29 Applying the Support Package..............................................................................23-31 Object Conflicts.....................................................................................................23-37 Useful SAPNet - R/3 Frontend Notes....................................................................23-39 Kernel Upgrade...................................................................................................23-40

Client Copy..........................................................................................................23-42 Special Notes....................................................................................................23-42 Useful SAP Notes.............................................................................................23-43 Creating a Client...................................................................................................23-44 Copying a Client....................................................................................................23-47 Copying on the Same System/SID...................................................................23-47 Copying to a Different System/SID....................................................................23-50 Post-Client Copy Tasks........................................................................................23-52 Deleting a Client....................................................................................................23-52 Reviewing the Client Copy Log.........................................................................23-54 Production Refresh Strategies...........................................................................23-56 Database Copy of Production System..................................................................23-57 Benefits.............................................................................................................23-57 Disadvantages..................................................................................................23-57 Client Copy of the Production System with Data...................................................23-57 Advantages.......................................................................................................23-57 Disadvantages..................................................................................................23-57 Client Copy of the Production System - Without Data...........................................23-58 Advantages.......................................................................................................23-58 Disadvantages..................................................................................................23-58 Appendix A: Useful Transactions...................................................................................................A-1 Useful Transactions................................................................................................A-2 Transaction Code Switches.......................................................................................A-2 Transaction Code Table............................................................................................A-2 Appendix B: Useful Resources and Products...............................................................................B-1 Other System Administration Resources.............................................................B-2 SAP Resources.........................................................................................................B-2 Books....................................................................................................................B-3 CDs.......................................................................................................................B-4 Training Classes.................................................................................................B-4

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Detailed Table of Contents Other.....................................................................................................................B-5 White papers.........................................................................................................B-5 SAPNet, Selected Items of Interest......................................................................B-5 Third-Party Resources..............................................................................................B-7 Books:...................................................................................................................B-7 R/3........................................................................................................................B-7 UNIX.....................................................................................................................B-8 NT.........................................................................................................................B-8 OS/400..................................................................................................................B-9 Microsoft SQL Server...........................................................................................B-9 Informix.................................................................................................................B-9 DB2.....................................................................................................................B-10 Oracle.................................................................................................................B-10 Other Topics.......................................................................................................B-10 Magazines:..........................................................................................................B11 Helpful Third-Party Information............................................................................B11 Web Sites................................................................................................................B-11 SAP.....................................................................................................................B11 SAP Affiliated......................................................................................................B-12 Third Party..........................................................................................................B-12 Internet News Groups.............................................................................................B-12 Other Resources.....................................................................................................B-13 Operating System...............................................................................................B-13 Database.............................................................................................................B-13 Other Helpful Products: Contributed by Users...................................................B-13 UNIX.......................................................................................................................B-14 Backup................................................................................................................B-14 Monitor................................................................................................................B-14 Scheduler............................................................................................................B-14 Spool Management.............................................................................................B-14 Other...................................................................................................................B-14 NT...........................................................................................................................B-14 Backup................................................................................................................B-14 Monitor................................................................................................................B-14 Remote Control...................................................................................................B-15 Scheduler............................................................................................................B-15 Spool Management.............................................................................................B-15 Other...................................................................................................................B-15 Common, Both UNIX and NT..................................................................................B-15 Network...................................................................................................................B-16 Appendix C: Useful SAP Notes.......................................................................................................C-1 Overview..................................................................................................................C-2 R/3 Notes..................................................................................................................C-2 Operating System Notes.........................................................................................C-6 Common to Multiple Operating Systems...................................................................C-6 NT.............................................................................................................................C-6 UNIX.........................................................................................................................C-8 AS-400......................................................................................................................C-8 Database Notes.......................................................................................................C-9 MS SQL server.........................................................................................................C-9 DB2 / UDB..............................................................................................................C-11 Informix...................................................................................................................C-12 Oracle.....................................................................................................................C-13



Appendix D:

Upgrade Discussion...................................................................................................D-1 Upgrade Discussion................................................................................................D-2 Reasons Not to Upgrade...........................................................................................D-2 When to Upgrade......................................................................................................D-2 Upgrade Issues........................................................................................................D-3 Other Considerations..............................................................................................D-3 Software Issues.........................................................................................................D-3 Hardware..................................................................................................................D-3 Performance..............................................................................................................D-4

Index

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AcknowledgementsThe combined experience in SAP and general systems administration of those who contributed to this book is measured in decades. I hope that I am able to share with you some of their wisdom. I also wish to express appreciation to the following individuals who provided time, material, expertise, and resources which helped make the Release 4.6A/B guidebook possible: Customers and partners: Bill Robichaud, Bridgestone/Firestone; Chad Horwedel, XXX; Doris Steckel, Agilent/HP; Gary Canez, Motorola; Hanumantha Kasoji, Celanese Acetate; John Blair, Steelcase; Joyce Courtney, Infineon; Laura Shieh, John Muir Mt Diablo Health System; Kerry Ek, Finteck; Lynne Lollis, e.coetry/Chaptec; Otis Barr, Ceridian; Paul Wiebe, TransAlta; Richard Doctor, Acuson; Sam Yamakoshi, Timothy Rogers; Tony Schollum, Ernst & Young; Thomas Beam, NCUA; HP; Udesh Naicker, HP. SAP AG: Andreas Graesser, Dr. Arnold Niedermaier, Dr. Carsten Thiel, Fabian Troendle, Georg Chlond, Dr. Gert Rusch, Herbert Stegmueller, Joerg Schmidt, Dr. Meinolf Block, Michael Demuth, Michael Schuster, Dr. Nicholai Jordt, Otto Boehrer, Rudolf Marquet, Stephen Corbett, Dr. Stefan Fuchs, Thomas Arend, Thomas Besthorn, Dr. Uwe Hommel, Uwe Inhoff, and Dr. Wulf Kruempelman. SAP America: Casper Wai-Fu Kan, Daniel Kocsis, Daniel-Benjamin Fig Zaidspiner, Jackie Wang, Lance Pawlikowski, Maria Gregg, Sue McFarland. SAP Labs: Dr. Arnold Klingert, Jaideep Adhvaryu, Jody Honghua Yang, John Wu, Kitty Yue, Nihad Al-Ftayeh, Peter Aeschlimann, Philippe Timothee, Dr. Thomas Brodkorb. SAP UK: Peter Le Duc. Contributing authors: Patricia Huang, SAP America; Jerry Forsey, SAP America. QA testers: Brad Barnes, e.coetry; Claudia Helenius; Jeff Orr, Utilx; Lynne Lollis, e.coetry; Marc Punzalan, Heat and Control; Patrick McShane, Bramasol. Documentation and production: Rekha Krishnamurthy, John Kanclier, Kurt Wolf.

Gary Nakayama, CPA SAP Labs, Inc., 2000


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Introduction

ContentsWhat Is This Guidebook About?..........................................................................xxii Who Should Read This Book?..............................................................................xxii How to Use This Guidebook................................................................................xxv Whats New............................................................................................................xxv Special Icons.......................................................................................................xxvii

System Administr ation Made Easy

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Introduction What Is This Guidebook About?

What Is This Guidebook About?Philosophy

Release 4.6 of the System Administration Made Easy Guidebook continues in the direction of the 4.0 version. The primary focus is the importance of the on-going nature of system administration. This book is written for an installed system, where all installation tasks have been completed. Installation and related tasks, which are usually performed once, have not been included in this guidebook.Organization

We have tried to group items and tasks in job role categories, which allows this guidebook to be a better reference book.Content

Real world practical advice from consultants and customers has been integrated into this book. Because of this perspective, some of the statements in this book are blunt and direct. Some of the examples we have used may seem improbable, but facts can be, and are, stranger than fiction. Because system administration is such a large area, it is difficult to reduce the volume to what can be called Made Easy. Although material in this book has been carefully chosen, it is by no means comprehensive. Certain chapters can be expanded into several books [two examples are the chapters on disaster recovery (chapter 2) and security (chapter 11)].What Is Not Provided

Although there are chapters on problem solving and basic performance tuning, these chapters are only introductions to the subjects. This guidebook is not meant to be a trouble shooting or performance tuning manual. Installation tasks are not presented. We assume that your SAP consultant has completed these tasks.

Who Should Read This Book?The target audience for this guidebook is: The customer person or team where: The R/3 administrator is from a small to mid-size company with a small (one to three people) technical team. Each team member in the team has multiple job responsibilities. The system administrator has a basic knowledge of the operating system and database. The junior consultant

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Introduction Who Should Read This Book?

Senior consultants, experienced system administrators, and DBAs may find portions of this guidebook very elementary, but hopefully useful.

Prerequisites

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Documents

SAP R3 Sysadminstartor