saoc

ari

saoc

ari

piramid

ebi

piramid

ebi

klasi VkiTxvis done – 5.2teqstis tipi – sainformacio-SemecnebiTi

Semdgeneli – nensi parksi

saqarTvelos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti (G-PriEd) madlobas uxdis lela qistaurs, rezo gogias, nugzar arCe maSvils da eliso rexviaSvils, romlebmac paata papavas xelmZRvanelobiT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes am wignebis momzadebaSi. gansakuTrebuli madloba qalbaton medea kakaCias (USAID) ga­we uli daxmarebisTvis.

am masalis momzadeba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis keTili nebiTa da aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos mxardaWeriT. masalebis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia SemdgenelTa jgufi da igi ar warmoadgens aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa da aSS mTavrobis azrs. Ees masala momzadda aSS saerTaSoriso ganvi­Tarebis saagentos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqtis farglebSi, romelic xorcieldeba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan erTad.

saocari

piramidebi

saocari

piramidebi

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rogor iwyeboda piramidebis mSenebloba?

bevrma ar icis, rom egviptis piramidebi sinamd­vileSi faraonTa akldamebia. Turme faraonebs sje­rodaT, rom gardacvalebis Semdegac dasWirdebo­daT sagnebi, romelTac sicocxleSi iyenebdnen! ami­tomac agebdnen rac SeiZleba did akldamebs da avsebdnen maT sursaTiT, aRWurvilobiTa da ganZiT...

pirvel piramidebs ar hqondaT iseTive gluvi zedapiri da uzado wyoba, romelsac dRes xedaven egvipteSi Casuli turistebi. faraonebis adreuli akldamebi Tixis lodebiT naSenebi erTsarTuliani oTxkuTxa Senobebi iyo, romlebsac mastabas eZaxd­nen. dRes egviptis udabnoebSi mravladaa mimofan­tuli uZvelesi mastabebis nangrevebi.

Semdeg, 5000 wlis winaT, erT mSvenier dRes, Sesa­niSnav xuroTmoZRvars, saxelad imhotefs, brwyin­vale idea ewvia: akldamis aSenebisas erTi Senoba meore Senobis Tavze Semoedga. TiToeuli Semdgomi

mefe joseris safexurovani piramida

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mastaba mis wina mastabaze odnav mcire zomis unda yofiliyo. imhotefma Seqmna pirveli egvipturi pi­ramida, romelic dRes „mefe joseris safexu-rovani piramidis“ saxeliTaa cnobili.

joseris Semdgomma faraonma moisurva, rom misi akldama kidev ufro STambeWdavi yofiliyo, da xu­roTmoZRvrebs ubrZana, axali tipis piramida Se­eqmnaT. nagebobas safexurebis nacvlad gluvi zedapiri unda hqonoda. pirvelma gluvzedapirian­ma piramidam didxans ver gaZlo, gareTa kedlebi male CamoeSala. faraonma Tavis xuroTmoZRvars ubrZana, kidev erTxel ecada. xuroTmoZRvari isev problemis winaSe aRmoCnda. piramidis mSeneblobis procesSi igi mixvda, rom waxnagebis kuTxe Zalze daxrili iyo. Tu mSeneblobas aseve gaagr Ze lebd­nen, piramida kvlav Camoingreoda. magram gonierma xuroTmoZRvarma gamosavali ipova, man Secvala waxnagis daxris kuTxe da ngrevac Tavidan aicila. es piramida „texili piramidis“ saxeliTaa cnobili.

texili piramida

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faraoni mainc ukmayofilo iyo. mas undoda, yve­la drois udidesi akldama hqonoda. maSin xuroT­moZRvarma Seqmna piramida, romlis zedapirsac ar daamaxinjebda kuTxe. faraons sabolood eRirsa misTvis esoden sasurveli didi akldama. xuroT­moZRvris mier ostaturad daproeqtebuli „wiTe-li piramida“ dResac myarad dgas. mis mSenebloba­ze ufro meti qva daixarja, vidre gizas yvelaze didi piramidis mSeneblobaze.

erT­erTi Semdgomi faraonis xuroTmoZRvari safexurovani piramidis amSeneblis, imhotefis SviliSvili iyo. man daaproeqta piramida, romelsac daxvewili, SesaniSnavad gamoyvanili waxnagebi hqonda da simaRliT cas swvdeboda. rodesac pira­midis mSenebloba dasrulda, misi simaRle 146 metrs aRwevda! es piramida 3800 wlis ganmavlobaSi iyo adamianis xeliT Seqmnili yvelaze maRali nage­boba. Zveli msoflios Svid saocrebaTagan erT­er­Ti swored es wiTeli piramidaa. gamoangariSebu­lia, rom igi 2,3 milioni lodisaganaa agebuli da 5,9 milion tonas iwonis.

wiTeli piramida

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egviptis piramidebs Soris turistTa yvelaze did yuradRebas ipyrobs gizas didi piramidebi. igi yvelaze saxelganTqmulia im nagebobaTa Soris, rac ki odesme adamianis xeliT aRmarTula dedami­waze. mas kacobrioba jer kidev uZvelesi droidan icnobs. xufus (xeofsis) didi piramida „Zveli sam­yaros saocrebaTagan“ Cvenamde moRweuli erTad­erTi Zeglia. egviptis udabnoebSi samasze meti pi­ramidaa. zogi maTgani sanaxevrod ukve qviSaSia Ca­marxuli, magram Cvidmeti piramida kvlav myarad dgas agebidan ukve 5000 wlis Semdegac.

saxelganTqmuli giAzaAs piramidebi

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rogor Sendeboda piramidebi?

egviptologebs1 mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi ain­teresebdaT, rogor aaSenes uZveles dros aseTi sao­cari, srulyofili nagebobebi. Zvel mSeneblebs xom ar gaaCndaT Tanamedrove samSeneblo teqnologia, Tumca mainc SeZles Seudarebeli konstruqciebis Seqm na! piramidebi imdenad kargadaa agebuli, rom zo­gierTs isini ucxoplanetelTa naxelavad miaCnia!

didi xnis ganmavlobaSi egviptologebi mcdarad fiqrobdnen, rom piramidebs monebs aSenebinebdnen da mSeneblobas mravali weli sWirdeboda. dRes dadasturebulad miiCneven, rom piramidebs aSe­nebd nen ara monebi, aramed fermerebi. maSin, rode­sac maT mindvrebs wyaluxvi nilosi tboravda, fer­merebi piramidebis mSeneblobaze eZebdnen samuSa­os. aseve cnobilia, rom fermerebs gasamrjelosac uxdidnen, Tumca ara fuliT, aramed sursaTiTa da tanisamosiT. fermerebs, Cveulebriv, kargad epy­robodnen da arc iZulebiT amuSavebdnen.

mravali wlis winaT arqeologebma piramidebis max­loblad gaTxares piramidis mSeneblebis sofeli. kedlis warwerebi mogviTxrobs, Tu rogor unazRau­rebdnen Sromas muSebs da rogor epyrobodnen maT. arqeologebma aRmoaCines saxabazo, romelsac mSro­melebisTvis dReSi 20000 puris gamocxoba SeeZlo. maT aseve miagnes eqimebis mier fermerebis mkurnalo­bis damadasturebel artefaqtebs.2 muSebis soflis aRmoCeniT isic SevityveT, rom piramidebi adamianeb­ma aages da ara ucxoplanetelebma!

1 egviptologebi – mecnierebi, romlebic Zvel egviptes swavloben.

2 artefaqti – adamianis mier damzadebuli nivTi.

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berketis gamoyeneba lodebis gadasatanad

egviptologebi amtkiceben, rom mSeneblebi grani­tis an kirqvis uzarmazari lodebis piramidis gver­deb ze asazidad mravalsafexurian pandusebs3 iye­nebdnen. lodis Tavis adgilze mosaTavseblad brin­jaos an rkinis berkets xmarobdnen. yvelaze rTuli samuSaosTvis, didi lodebis pandusebze asaTrevad, cxovelebs, kerZod, xarebs iyenebdnen.

3 pandusi – daqanebuli sibrtye, romelsac akeTeben kibis magivrad da iyeneben nivTebis an satransporto saSualebebis gadasaadgileblad.

lodebis gadaadgileba zemoT pandusis meSveobiT

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egviptologebi irwmunebian, rom piramidebis aSenebas ufro naklebi dro sWirdeboda, vidre dRemde miaCndaT. rogorc Cans, piramidis ferdze arc imdeni mTliani lodis atana uxdebodaT, ro­gorc adre fiqrobdnen arqeologebi. mTliani lo­dis garSemo `jibeebis~ amosavsebad xSirad qvebsa da qviSas iyenebdnen. Tumca giganti piramidis aSenebas oci weli mainc sWirdeboda!

piramidebis agebuleba da mdebareoba

piramidis saZirkveli yovelTvis zusti kvadrati iyo. gizas didi piramidis simaRle 140 metrze metia. misi kvadratuli fuZis gverdi 230 metris sigrZisaa, xolo farTobi aTi fexburTis stadionisas aRemate­ba! piramidis SigniT temperatura mudmivia, dedami­wis zedapiris saSualo temperaturas, 20OC­s utol­deba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom egviptelebs ar hqondaT standartizebuli sazomi, didi piramidis zomebi saocari sizustiTaa gaangariSebuli. sigrZis gas­azomad isini iyenebdnen boWkovan zonars. gizas pi­ramidaSi yvelaze didi cdomileba, 20 santimetri, misi 230­metriani fuZis erT­erT gverdze aRiniSne­ba. egviptelebi ukiduresi sizustiT aSenebdnen brtyel fundamentsac: fuZis samxreT­aRmosavle­Ti kuTxe mxo lod erTi santimetriTaa maRali Crdilo­dasavleT kuTxeze.

saSualo zomis piramidis awonas Tu SeZlebT, igi daaxloebiT 5,400,000 tona gamova. saSualo zomis

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qvis lodi ori msubuqi manqanis wonisaa (2,5 tona). yvelaze didi lodi (igi gizas piramidebs Soris yvelaze patara piramidis nawilia) daaxloebiT 285 tonas iwonis. es 200­dan 250­mde msubuqi manqanis wonaa.

dRes gizas didi piramida mTeli sami kilomet­riT ufro samxreTiT dgas im adgilidan, sadac Tavdapirvelad aaSenes. es 4500 wlis ganmavlobaSi miwis nel­nela gadaadgilebam gamoiwvia. egviptis yvela piramida mdinare nilosis dasavleTiT mde­bareobs. Zveli religiis Tanaxmad, dasavleTi gar­dacvlilTa miwad iTvleboda.

uzarmazari piramidebis SigniT aris sakuWnaoebi, Sida ezoebi da saidumlo gasasvlelebi. piramidebis SigniT aseve mravladaa dekoraciebiT SeniRbuli satyuarebi im yaCaRebis dasaWerad, romlebic pi­ramidebSi SeRwevasa da maT gaZarcvas cdilobdnen. yaCaRebs marTlac hqondaT piramidebSi SeRwevis mizezi. isini xom ganZiT iyo savse!

piramidis mSeneblebi cdilobdnen, gaecurebi­naT momavali mZarcvelebi. isini blokavdnen gasasv­lelebs da lesavdnen maT. qurdebi galesili ked­lis mongrevis Semdeg qvas waawydebodnen da xaxamS­rali rCebodnen. akldamaSi Sesasvleli gza damalu­li karis miRma iwyeboda.

bevri ubeduri SemTxvevis gamo dRes piramideb­ze cocva akrZalulia. axla amisTvis saWiroa spe­cialuri nebarTva, romlis mopovebac sakmaod rTulia.

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piramidis qalaqebi

amitom mravalwliani mSeneblobis ganmavlobaSi piramidis garSemo mTeli qalaqi aRmocendeboda xolme. am qalaqebs piramidis qalaqebs uwodebd­nen. yvelas, vinc piramidis mSeneblobaze muSaobda, faraoni saxls aZlevda. adamianebs Sromas nivTe­biT, sakvebiT da saxlebiT unazRaurebdnen. fara­onis colebsa da Svilebsac hqondaT sakuTari momc ro piramidebi, romlebic mefis didi pirami­dis Soriaxlo iyo aSenebuli.

piramidis dasrulebis Semdeg mis garSemo ga Se­nebuli qalaqi arsebobas ganagrZobda. am qalaqis macxovrebelTagan zogi piramidis momvle lis an mebaRis samuSaos asrulebda. sxvebi xabazebi, ka­laTebis mwvnelebi, xelosnebi iyvnen, romlebic sxva moqalaqeebisTvis saWiro saqonels qmnidnen.

piramidis qalaqis modeli. da axloebiT aseT qalaqSi

cxovrobda piramidis mSeneb­lobaSi CarTuli yvela muSa