SANITATION PRESENTATION

NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

25 OCTBER 2011

BY: P CHUAKE

SELECT COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SERVICES

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Definitions• Legislative and Policy framework• Capital Funding for Sanitation• Roles and Responsibilities• Progress Achieved• Funding Requirements• Challenges

DEFINITIONS

Basic sanitation service refers to:

“ The provision of a basic sanitation facility which is easily accessible to a household, the sustainable operation of the facility, including the safe removal of human waste and wastewater from the premises where this is appropriate and necessary, and the communication of good sanitation, hygiene and related practices.” SFWS.

Basic sanitation facility means:

“ The infrastructure necessary to provide a sanitation facility which is safe, reliable, private, protected from the weather and ventilated, keeps smells to the minimum, is easy to keep clean, minimises the risk of the spread of sanitation-related diseases by facilitating control of disease carrying flies and pests, and enables safe and appropriate treatment and/or removal of human waste and wastewater in an environmentally sound manner.”

DEFINITIONS (cont.)

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LEGISLATIVE & POLICY FRAMEWORK• Access to basic sanitation is a constitutional right

(Sec 24 of the Constitution)

• The Water Services Act, 1997( Act no 108 of 1997) ensures the realization of this right

• The National Water Act, 1998 (Act no 36 of 1998)

Provides for prevention of pollution of water resources

Policies and strategies approved by Cabinet direct how this will be done

LEGISLATIVE & POLICY FRAMEWORK The Constitution: Section 10 of the constitution (act 108 of

1996) acknowledges the inherent dignity and right of everyone and that their dignity should be respected and protected.

The Constitution: Section 24 of the constitution (act 108 of 1996) guarantees everyone

• a right to an environment that Is not harmful to their or well being.

• a right to have the environment protected, for the benefit of measures and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other measures that prevent pollution and ecological degradation .

LEGISLATIVE & POLICY FRAMEWORK • The Water Services Act, 1997 sec. 11 (1) stipulates

that every water services authority has a duty to all consumers or potential consumers in its area of jurisdiction to progressively ensure effective, affordable, economic and sustainable access to water services.

• The Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act no.209 of 1993), refers to WSA as any municipality, District or Rural, responsible for ensuring access to water services (i.e. water supply services and sanitation services).

LEGISLATIVE & POLICY FRAMEWORK (cont.)

• The Strategic Framework for Water Services approved by Cabinet in 2003 guides the implementation of water and sanitation services and sets targets for the country in respect of water and sanitation service

Local Government• In terms of Schedule 4 Part B of the Constitution,

1996 (Act no.108 of 1996) water and sanitation services limited to potable water supply systems and domestic waste-water and sewage disposal systems are the responsibilities of local government.

SANITATION AREAS OF FOCUS• Creating an enabling environment for the

delivery of the national Sanitation programme

• Direct intervention to municipalities with critical capacity constraints.

• Building the capacity of the sanitation sector.

• Supporting municipalities in the delivery of household Sanitation services.

• Special programmes (farm dweller, bucket eradication, informal settlements).

SANITATION AREAS OF FOCUS (cont.)

• Implementing on behalf of other sector departments (schools & clinics).

• Intra and inter departmental coordination.

• Direct monitoring, reporting and evaluation of the implementation of the programme.

• Job creation through sanitation delivery.

• Implement the Health and Hygiene Programme.

SANITATION FUNDING SYSTEM

• Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) - This is a grant allocated by National Treasury (NT) to municipality to assist them to implement capital municipal programmes in their respective areas of jurisdiction (currently amounting to R11 billion)

• Municipal Rates - Some municipalities have a potential to generate their own revenue through rates collection and levies. These funds may be used to implement capital programmes including water and sanitation where a municipality is a WSA.

SANITATION FUNDING SYSTEMS (cont).

• Loan Funding e.g. from Development Bank of South Africa – utilized to implement developmental infrastructure programmes in their respective areas

• Special Grants – NT allocation of Rural Household Infrastructure Programme (RHIP) for defined period to address rural sanitation and some water needs to supplement programmes implemented by municipalities under the MIG fund.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

National Department of Human Settlements

• The NDHS is expected

– To support WSAs in implementation of the sanitation programme from the projects identification, implementation, to completion phases

– To develop policies and strategies to ensure a conducive implementation environment

– Rural Household Infrastructure Programme (RHIP) forms part of support to WSAs accelerated sanitation delivery to meet the government target of eliminating basic services backlog by 2014.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

• NDHS should coordinate all role-players mandated for the implementation of sanitation, support and monitor and evaluate progress

• Key role-players in sanitation are: DWA, COGTA, NT, Health, Education, Environmental Affairs, Agriculture, SALGA, Land and Rural Development.

• PDHSs (HODs specifically) to lead Sanitation discourse at MUNIMECs

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (continued) Provincial Departments of Human

Settlements

• Provincial Departments of Human Settlements play an important role in sanitation delivery– through the HSDG (new houses and old homes) – Through UISP (green, brown, in situ, relocations,

site and service)

Such that every households is provided with a sanitation facility (Gov Priorities and Outcome 8).

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (cont.)

Department Of Water Affairs

• The Department of Water Affairs is still responsible for the management of bulk waste water treatment plants as well as regulation of effluent standards disposed into river systems

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

• Department of Health provides sanitation to health institutions e.g. hospitals and clinics

• Department of Education is responsible for school sanitation

• Department of Public Works provides sanitation in public institutions e.g. prisons and police stations

SANITATION TARGET

• The national target for the eradication of basic services backlogs including sanitation is 2014.

• The historical delivery rate has been insufficient to meet the 2014 target, therefore continued acceleration is needed.

SANITATION DELIVERY FROM 1994-2011

• In 1994 the number of households with no access to basic sanitation service was 5,084,255.

• In April 2011, there were 2,405,331 households without access to basic sanitation services.

• It should be noted that in the absence of reliable delivery reporting by Municipalities, the information in the Water Services National Information System has been derived from MIG expenditure information.

SANITATION STAUTS QUO: Households National Sanitation Backlog Profile from the Period 1994 to 2011. (Source: Water Services National Information System (WS/NIS April 2011).Table 1.

Province Households with no access to basic Sanitation - April 1994

Households with no access to basic Sanitation - Oct 2001

Households with no access to basic Sanitation - April 2011

Households Served April 1994 - April 2010

Eastern Cape 1,001,327 899,487 288,346 49,371

Free State 399,780 348,433 236,647 9,104

Gauteng 621,394 522,836 406,054 33,667

KwaZulu-Natal 939,542 1,063,336 348,629 92,149

Limpopo 800,352 840,257 464,257 37,151

Mpumalanga 421,757 434,306 296,169 13,420

North West 368,290 411,760 236,577 17,845

Northern Cape 143,068 85,530 47,909 2,958

Western Cape 388,745 153,239 80,743 4,707

National 5,084,255 4,759,184 2,405,331 260,372

SANITATION STAUTS QUO

• The column of households with no access to basic Sanitation - October 2001 refers to the total estimated number of households with no access to basic sanitation service as per the Census 2001 results.

• The column of households with no access to basic Sanitation - April 2011 refers to the total current estimated number of households with no access to basic sanitation service levels and updated with actual project progress prior to MIG implementation.  Since MIG implementation, annual delivery is estimated based on MIG Allocation.

• Note:  The Households figures reflected here only include sanitation delivery through MIG funding and excludes delivery through any municipal funding or other resources.  Should this be considered, delivery could increase.

FUNDING REQUIREMENTS TO ERADICATE THE HISTORICAL BACKLOG BY 2014Table 2 below provides the estimated funding

required:

• to eradicate both the rural and urban sanitation;

• water supply to support urban sanitation based on standard cost estimates and

• likely technology to be used for different types of settlements.

Total funding required to eradicate the historic backlog in rural and urban is R 28,671,544,500.

FUNDING REQUIREMENTS TO ERADICATE THE HISTORICAL BACKLOG BY 2014: Table 2

Type of Service Backlog Households

Average Unit Cost R

Funding Required R

Rural Sanitation Formal

1,154,559 R 7,500 R 8,659,192,500

Urban Sanitation Formal

1,250,7721, R 10,000 R 12,507,720,000

Water Supply in support of Urban Sanitation Formal

250,772 R 6,000 R 7,504,632,000

Total Sanitation Funding Requirement

R28,671,544,500

REQUIRED FUNDING TO ERADICATE BACKLOG BY 2014.

• With the current level of funding, it will take 10 year to eradicate the sanitation backlog in the country.

• For the Government to eradicate the backlog by 2015, there should be an annual allocation of R7,167,886,125 until 2014/15, which is 239%.

ANTICIPATED NUMBER OF YEARS TO ERADICATE BACKLOG AT CURRENT FUNDING LEVELS

Number of Years to Eradicate Backlog at Current Funding Levels

Historic Bulk

Total Funding Requirement R 28,671,544,500

Average available annual funding R 3,000,000,000

Number of Years to eradicate Backlog 10

Number of years to the target 2011/12-2014/15 4

Annual Funding Required to eradicate by 2014 R 7,167,886,125

Annual Funding Gap to 2014/2015 R 4,167,886,125

Annual Funding Gap to 2014/2015 (%) 239%

Total Funding Gap over 4 Years to 2014/2015 R 16,671,544,500

MEETING TARGETS vs CAPACITY

NOTE• Without well capacitated municipalities, which are at the coal face

of service delivery.• Government will not be able to achieve its developmental

objectives of a better life for all. • Growing concern on Government focusing on meeting targets. • and less attention is being paid to maintaining the existing

infrastructure. • If this problem is kept unattended, may lead to unsustainable

infrastructure and moving targets. • People who had originally been served would be left without

services when infrastructure become dysfunctional or when pits are full.

CHALLENGES IN SANITATION DELIVERY

Non-Alignment of Plans (Poor Integrated Planning)• Provision of settlements as against the availability of bulk

infrastructure -There are instances where low cost housing are provided and residents are provided with full waterborne sanitation technologies.

• If the municipality has not planned for bulk infrastructure and supply, residents find themselves with toilets which cannot flush. This is due to the non-alignment of plans.

• Other instances waste water treatment plants do not have the capacity to deal with the load of the settlements that are established in the area. This impacts negatively to the health of the residents.

SANITATION CHALLENGESPrivately Owned Land (Farm areas)• In certain areas farm workers do not have access to a basic level of

sanitation and Health and Hygiene Education and awareness. • Some municipalities within which the farm areas fall, do not take interest

to ensure that farm workers do have access to sanitation services.Informal Settlements• Normally temporary sanitation technologies in the form of chemical

toilets are often costly to municipalities to maintain, • Lack of dignity - Not socially acceptable because they are mostly

shared.• Encouragement of social ills- Shared toilets are not safe for women and

children, • Chemicals used are insanitary to other women.

SANITATION FUNCTION CHALLENGES

Pit Emptying• Pits are getting full in rural areas and municipalities

need to have maintenance plans to deal with this challenge.

• Most of them are doing it on an ad hoc basis. • The current practice of emptying pits seems not

acceptable and researchers need to investigate this. • There is a challenge with faecal sludge management

and disposal

SANITATION CHALLENGES

Norms and Standards and Compliance to Regulations

• If the norms and standards are not complied with when constructing sanitation facilities the lifespan of the toilet facilities is adversely affected.

• Some municipalities are implementing projects which are not according to the approved conditions of the MIG technical reports.

SANITATION CHALLENGES

Lack f Capacity Financial and Technical Skills• Engineers and other technical experts are not

attracted to rural municipalities and thus impacting negatively to the quality and rate of delivery of basic services.

• Poorly qualified financial managers in the municipalities affects the financial management and risk management of the municipality.

• Poorly developed Financial Recovery Plans

SANITATION CHALLENGES

Provision of Free Basic Sanitation (FBS)• The provision of FBS is a challenge to poor

municipalities due to financial constraints. • These do not have revenue base and their

Equitable Share is normally used for other functions.

• There is not much one can do as this is an unconditional grant.

• Water scarcity: SA is a water-scarce country

SANITATION CHALLENGESAppropriate Technology

• There are instances where technologies are failing because there were not appropriate.

• Some municipalities implement full waterborne technologies in settlements where it’s inappropriate due to the following:

Not affordable and viable to the municipality or provider Not affordable to the end-user in terms of ability to pay the

tariffs associated with that level of service Technical feasibility Availability of capacity in Waste Water Treatment Works

SANITATION CHALLENGESMonitoring and evaluation• This area should be strengthened to avoid non adherence to

norms and standards.• Non-compliance to sanitation norms and standards needs to

serious enforcement.Institutional issues• Need to improve business processes which include supply

chain management processes in order to expedite service delivery.

• The need to mobilise resources, implementation capacity and address the funding shortfalls.

• There is a need to mobilise implementation capacity and to expedite the rate of project delivery at a technical and financial level.

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