Sample Format for HUB and ENV Thesis Proposal (2)44

8/13/2019 Sample Format for HUB and ENV Thesis Proposal (2)44

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De La Salle University - DasmariasBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT

Assessment of the Plant Diversity and Carbon Storage of Mangrove

Species in Lian, Batangas

A Research Presented to the

Biological Sciences Department

College of Science and Computer Studies

De La Salle University - Dasmarias

City of Dasmarias Cavite

!n Partial "ulfilment of the Re#uirements for the degree

of Bachelor of Science in Biology $ith Concentration in %nvironmental

Science

Arciaga, Jerry Paul P

Palaya, !erard John

&arch '()*

)


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ABS"#AC"

The manr!ve trees in Lian Batanas "arti#$larly in Talim Bay is

%n!&n '!r a #!nsi(ere( site !' tree "lantin "r!)e#t *y many !rani+ati!ns,

s#h!!ls an( s!me NGOs in earlier years. This ma(e the 'a#t that the

invent!ry trees "lante( are n!t $"(ate(, its #$rrent (iversity an( the t!tal

#ar*!n st!rae that the manr!ve h!l(in &ill *e eval$ate( an( re#!r(e( '!r'$t$re resear#hes. Lian Batanas area is /0.1 %m in n!rth east !' Batanas

#ity. 2!r re#!r(in the #ar*!n st!rae

+he a,stract should contain a one-paragraph summary of the study !t

contains a short introduction a summary of the methodology and most

importantly the ma.or findings of the study !t should ,e no more than '((

$ords /ey terms may ,e enumerated ,elo$ the a,stract

Key words: Scientific name of the plant, another term, another term.

'


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APP#$%AL S&''"

(This page will be provided for by the Research Teacher)

0


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AC()$*L'D!M')"S

+he researchers $ish to e1press their utmost gratitude and

appreciation to the follo$ing2

... this should be no more than pages

*


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"ABL' $+ C$)"')"S

+itle Page )

A,stract '

Approval Sheet 0

Ac3no$ledgments *

+a,le of Contents 4

List of +a,les (

List of "igures (

List of Plates (

C5AP+%R ) !6+R7DUC+!76

)) Bac3ground of the Study ((

)' +heoretical "rame$or3 ((

)0 Statement of the Pro,lem ((

)* Scope and Limitations ((

)4 Significance of the Study ((

)8 Definition of +erms ((

C5AP+%R ' L!+%RA+UR% R%9!%:

') Conceptual Literature ((

4


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'' Related Studies ((

C5AP+%R 0 &%+57D7L7; &angroves also serves as a ha,itat for mollus3s

sponges and other ichtyofauna species

&angrove forest is also 3no$n as the rainforest of the sea Among the

$orlds ?( 3no$n species of mangroves *8 of these can ,e found gro$ing in

our country 5ighly diversed mangrove areas can ,e found in Bohol ='8

spp> Pag,ilao Bay in ueon province ='* spp> Aurora province ='0 spp>

!,a.ay in A3lan province ='' spp> Puerto ;alera in &indoro !sland =)@ spp>

Ce,u =)@ spp> =Primavera '(((>

&angroves also serve as car,on sin3Estorage ,y decreasing organic

)


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pollution at the shore lines 5igh car,on content of )( percent or more can

,e found in soil layers and peat that compose the mangrove su,strate A

hectare of mangrove area might also house almost ?(( metric tons of

Car,on per meter depth But these car,ons stuc3ed in mangroves su,strates

can ,e release ,ac3 to the atmosphere $hen the area is distur,ed ,y the

means of mangrove destruction or conversion of the area for other purposes

6o$ the mangrove ecosystems are greatly reduced due to the conversion

the area +he glo,al $arming caused ,y too much greenhouse gases in the

atmosphere is also continuing that is $hy this study is important to 3no$ the

actual num,er of mangrove in a selected area in Lian Batangas and ,y

3no$ing so $e can estimate ho$ much car,on can ,e stored ,y the #uantity

of mangroves assessed Previous studies focuses on the mangrove species

diversity and some environmental factors affecting them in /a$it Cavite

= B!7 )''( and B!7 )'''-call num,ers> and there are also some previous

studies that assessed the car,on storage of a mangrove area in 9erde

Passage =;evaa and Pampolina '((> and none of the ,oth studies have

,een conducted in Lian Batangas at the same time

:rite here some definitions of important concepts a,out your topic

Also $rite here the present scenario to .ustify that your topic is something

ne$ and theres really a need to conduct such study +his may ,e supplied

$ith some important data =dont forget to cite your source '((0>

)


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:rite here some information to prove that there are some research

gaps to .ustify that your topic is something ne$ and there s really a need to

conduct such study


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species in the area Avicennia oficinalis and Avicennia marina $ere found to

,e the most dominant in the area +here are also other species found in the

area namely 5i,iscus tiliaceus Pongamia pinnata and Rhiophoraceae

species =Baldove Cru and Santos '(('>

3.= Statement !' the Pr!*lem ;orO*)e#tives !' the St$(y>

+he study generally aims to assess the Plant Diversity and Car,on

Storage of &angrove Species in Lian Batangas this is actually repetition of

your title $hich states the general o,.ective of the study

Specifically the study $ill ans$er the follo$ing #uestions =if

!b"ectives is used the specific o,.ectives should ,e stated in declarative

form>2

) +o determine $hat &angrove Species are present in Lian

Batangas Pro,lem ) or 7,.ective ) if pro,lem interrogative formG

if o,.ective declarative form

' +o determine the Car,on Storage of the &angrove Area in Lian

Batangas Pro,lem ' =if o,.ectives are used ,e sure that it should

,e goal-o,.ective and not procedure-o,.ective

0 +o determine the impact of the mangrove area to the community

to the other species and to the environment Pro,lem 0 if pro,lems

are used it ,e a #uestionG

)


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3.: S#!"e an( Limitati!ns

+he study $ill focus on the determination of the plant diversity of

&angroves species in the study site +he study $ill also focus on measuring

and determining ho$ much car,on can ,e stored in the area +he study $ill

also include the effect of the mangrove area and the car,on sin3ing in the

area to the community other species and the environment effects of the

follo$ing different concentrations you may enumerate here the different

levels of the independent varia,les to the dependent varia,les +he

dependent varia,les should also ,e specified here and should ,e e1plained

$hen $ill ,e o,served or measured +his paragraph is all a,out the scope or

the inclusions of the study +he scope sets the ,oundaries of your research


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3. Sini'i#an#e !' the St$(y

Manr!ve '!rest is !ne !' the m!st "r!($#tive terrestrial e#!systems nat$ral

an( rene&a*le res!$r#e. Manr!ves are n!t a marvel '!r their a(a"tati!ns *$t als!

'!r the sini'i#ant r!le in !$r envir!nment. Manr!ves are als! a s!$r#e !' variety !'

&!!( an( n!n-&!!( '!rest "r!($#ts. Determinin the a*$n(an#e an( the "lant

(iversity !' a manr!ve is #r$#ial '!r e#!n!mi#al $ses an( "reservin iss$es.The

sini'i#an#e !' this st$(y is t! !*tain, re#!r( an( asses the a*$n(an#e !' "lant

(iversity !' manr!ve in Lian, Batanas. In#l$(in its s"e#ies #!m"!siti!n, str$#t$re

an( (istri*$ti!n !' the manr!ve an( its e#!systemi# '$n#ti!ns as &ell as the #ar*!n

st!rin #a"a*ilities !' a manr!ve in a manner !' h!& m$#h #ar*!n #an the

manr!ve st!res in its s$*strate. The (ata athere( #an *e $se( *y (i''erent

aen#ies that have #!n#erns !n manr!ve "reservin !r any !ther e#!l!i#al $se,

the invent!ry !' trees in the area &ill (etermine &hat s"e#ies is the m!st !r the least

a*$n(ant in the area an( this st$(y is als! '!r the '$t$re re'eren#es an(

resear#hers.

By developing an accurate and relia,le understanding of your topic

here you may include here some of the e1pected results of your study


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spores) to sprout or !orm ne2 tissue !ollo2in increased metabolism

Manroves> 9ny o! several tropical everreen trees or shrubs o! the enus"hi#ophora' havin stiltli the relative proportion o! salt in a solution

$ubstrate> 9 sur!ace on 2hich an oranism ro2s or is attached.

:cosystem> everythin that exist in a particular environment

+he follo$ing important terms =arranged in alpha,etical order> are defined

,ased on conte1t or ho$ they $ere used in the study2

+erm ) +he definition should ,e ,ased on ho$ it $as used n the

study it should ,e in complete sentence

+erm ' +he definition should ,e ,ased on ho$ it $as used n the


+erm ' +he definition should ,e ,ased on ho$ it $as used n the


CAPTER 4

LITERATURE RE?IE6

4.3 C!n#e"t$al Literat$re

)


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#angroves are vast types of trees up to medium height and shru,s

that gro$s in a saline area most are in coastal areas +he ha,itat is in the

tropics and su,tropics mainly ,et$een 4 Nand 4 S latitudes !n '((( the

$orld has only 40)( s#uare miles =)0??8( 3m'> of mangroves remaining

and spanning over ))@ countries and territories = ;iri C %t al '())>

&angroves are ,roadly referred as the ha,itat and entire plant assem,lage

=5ogarth Peter F )> +he mangrove ,iome is a saline $oodland ha,itat

3no$n ,y depositional coastal environments $here high organic sediment

content collect in areas protected from high- energy $ave function !t

dominates three-#uarters of tropical coastlines ;M!r"h!l!i#al an(

Physi!l!i#al A(a"tati!ns 2l!ri(a manr!ve &e*siteF. Nhmi.!r. Retrieve( 4


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L. L. Ties+en, . h$, A. Sinh, T. L!velan(., J. Mase% an( N. D$%e 4. An

a""r!Kimate !' / "er#ent !' earthHs manr!ve are '!$n( in )$st 3 #!$ntries, &ith

Asia, the larest "er#ent &hi#h is :4 "er#ent, '!ll!&e( *y A'ri#a 43 "er#ent, N!rth

Ameri#a 3 "er#ent, O#eania 34 "er#ent an( S!$th Ameri#a 33 "er#ent. ;Giri, C., E.

O#hien, L. L. Ties+en, . h$, A. Sinh, T. L!velan(., J. Mase% an( N. D$%e

4. The (istri*$ti!n !' manr!ves in the Phili""ines &as estimate( 40, 31 ha.

Cir#a 4

Islan( Press, 6ashint!n, DC. 6!rl( Res!$r#es Instit$teISBN 3-/40-


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#at#hin "!st-larva shrim" an( the $se !' intr!($#e( "!st-larvae shrim"s 'r!m !ther

#!$ntries #an res$lt t! intr!($#ti!n !' alien s"e#ies. ;B$tler, R. 4 !r any !ther '!rms !' #ar*!n t! either

mitiate !r (e#rease #limate #hane, It has *een sai( as a &ay t! sl!& atm!s"heri#

marine a##$m$lati!n !' reenh!$ses. ; S$arin the #ir#le !n #ar*!n #a"t$re an(

st!raeF ;PD2>. Clavert!n Enery Gr!$" C!n'eren#e, Bath,. O#t!*er 4:, 4


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manr!ves are st!re( as lare "!!ls in s!ils an( (ea( r!!ts, Manr!ves are !ne !'

the m!st #ar*!n-ri#h *i!mes, #!ntainin an averae !' =/ tC ha-3, 'a#ilitatin the

a##$m$lati!n !' 'ine "arti#les, an( '!sterin 'ast rates !' se(iment a##reti!n ; mm

year -3> an( #ar*!n *$rial ;3/: C m-4 year -3>. Manr!ves a##!$nt '!r !nly

a""r!Kimately 3 ;3=. Gt year -3> !' #ar*!n se$estrati!n *y the earths '!rests,

*$t in #!astal ha*itats they a##!$nt '!r 3: !' #ar*!n se$estrati!n *y the l!*al

!#ean.

4.4 Relate( St$(ies

A study conducted ,y Di1on + ;evaa and 6elson & Pampolina $ith

the title HPlant Diversity an( Car*!n st!rae !' a Rhi+!"!ra Stan( in ?er(e

"assae San J$an, Batanas9 in the year 4


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year 4


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species in the area $ere$vicennia oficinalisand$vicennia marina 7ther

species found in the area $ere %ibiscus tiliaceus, &ongamia pinnata

Rhiophoraceae species = Baldove Cru and Santos '(('>

Related studies could ,e clustered together 7ne should integrate and

synthesie all local and foreign related studies coherently to lin3 the past

studies to the current study ,eing underta3en 6o more titles for the topics

Si1ty to ?(J of Literature Revie$ must ,e related studies

Cha"ter =

METODOLOG

1. #esearch Design

State here the particular type of research design of your proposed

study of gathering of data or e1perimentation may

also ,e stated here

'


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11 #esearch Procedure

Procedure 1

EK"lain here h!& y!$ &ill *e (!in this "arti#$lar ste" in a &ay that y!$r

rea(er #an re"li#ate y!$r &!r% *y )$st '!ll!&in this "arti#$lar "art. There'!re, ea#h

ste" sh!$l( *e &ritten in (etail. Remem*er als! that the arranement !' ste"s

sh!$l( *e !n h!& y!$ a#t$ally #!n($#te( y!$r st$(y. It is als! im"!rtant t!

a#%n!&le(e y!$r s!$r#e !r *asis $sin the CSE '!rmat.

Pr!#e($re 4

%1plain here in detail ho$ $ould go a,out this particular step of your

methodology

Pr!#e($re =

%1plain here in detail ho$ $ould go a,out this particular step of your

methodology

=.= Data Gatherin an( Statisti#al Analysis

En$merate here all (e"en(ent varia*les that y!$ !*serve( !r meas$re(.

EK"lain als! h!& an( &hen ;in#l$(in the 're$en#y> y!$ !*serve( !r

meas$re( th!se varia*les.

+his paragraph should contain the specific statistical tool that you

employed in the analysis and interpretation of results +his includes the post-

statistical tool if any


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analysis li3e this2 All statistical analyses $ere done at 4J pro,a,ility level

C&AP"'# 3

#'S-L"S A)D DSC-SS$)

3. #esults

Subtitle of the first topic or problem

:rite here short details a,out ho$ you o,tained your data +he last

statement should introduce the data =ta,le or chart> ,elo$ Soil samples

collected from the dumpsite $ere found to contain significantly =pK((4> more

metals than those collected from a farm land +a,le ) sho$s the

concentrations of heavy metals analyed for ,oth the dumpsite and farmland

=control site>

"able . &etal Concentrations in Dumpsite and "arm Soils

C!lle#ti!n SitesC!n#entrati!n ;""m>

C$ n C( P*

'


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2armlan( :.4/3@ =.:0:@


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+ig .Bioconcentration factor of n on studied plants and their parts

collected in farmland and dumpsite

Again $rite here only the highlights of your results $ithout the need to

.ustify or to e1plain $hy you o,tain such concentrations than their

corresponding levels at the normal farmland All heavy metals investigated in

the dumpsite have significant differences from those o,tained in the control

32 Discussion

Discussions should not ,e grouped according to topic ,ut a

continuous flo$ of e1planation a,out your results Discussion should e1plain

and .ustify $hy you o,tained such results ,ased on the findings of previous

related studies


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C&AP"'# 4

S-MMA#5, C$)CL-S$)S, A)D #'C$MM')DA"$)S

4. Summary

:rite here a summary of your ma.or findings But you may start first

$ith a very short narration of your methodology li3e this2 Collection of soil

and plants in the dumpsite of Smo3ey &ountain +ondo &anila $as done on

Septem,er '()( 5eavy metal analysis for ,oth soil and plants $ere done

Results $ere compared $ith soil and plants collected from farmland in Cavite

$hich served as the control


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M$ntinia #ala*$r ;aratiles>, ea mays ;#!rn> an( +orchorus olitorious

=saluyot> $ere the common plants found in the dumpsite and $ere

investigated Plant parts differed in traced metal concentrations in each

species Leaves stem and seeds of all plants sho$ed significant differences

$ithin their metal concentrations Plant accumulation of heavy metals

differed in the 3ind of metal and plant species

42 Conclusions

Conclusion should ,e the direct ans$er to each of the specific

#uestions or o,.ectives or the study %ach conclusion should ,e #ualitative

statement or $ithout the use of the #uantitative values of your findings

+he investigated dumpsite soil of Smo3ey &ountain +ondo &anila

$ere found to have higher levels of metal concentrations compared to the

control !t further revealed that generally plants gro$n on dumpsite soils can

accumulate more of to1ic metals than plants gro$n in normal agricultural soil

5eavy metal accumulation varies on the variety of plant and the heavy

metal contents of the soil M$ntinia #ala*$ra ;tree>,ea mays ;'!!( #r!"> an(

+orchorus olitorious=shru,> $ere studied and it $as revealed that parts of

these plants have the capacity to accumulate heavy metals from soil

specifically Cu n Cd and P,

"urthermore the result o,tained in this study sho$ed the potential of

the investigated plants for phytoremediation of polluted sites as sho$n ,y

'


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C"'D #'+'#')C'S

'nvironmental Science6 A Study of nterrelationships .. th'dition 'nger

and Smith, Pp .27

htt"77&&&.(enr.!v."h7in(eK."h"7#!m"!nent7#!ntent7arti#le74.html

Primavera, J& 2888 Philippine Mangroves6 tatus, "hreats and

Sustainable Development n nternational *or/shop Asia9Pacific

Cooperation #esearch for Conservation of Mangroves 20918 March

2888, $/ina:a, Japan

htt"77manr!vea#ti!n"r!)e#t.!r7iss$es7#limate-#hane

MCS%N Council of Science %ditors MS+&N Style &anual Committee '((8

Scientific style and format2 the CS% manual for authors editors and

pu,lishers ?thed Reston =9A>2 +he Council

Andre$s F% )8(a Cold hardiness of sprouting $heat as affected ,y

duration of hardening and hardening temperature Can F Plant Sci

*(=)>20-)('

Andre$s F% )8(, Cold hardening and cold hardiness of young $inter rye

seedlings as affected ,y stage of development and temperature Can

F Bot 0@=0>2040-080

"auci AS '((' Smallpo1 vaccination policy- the need for dialogue 6 %ngl F

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Boston =&A>2 Boo3s for &id$ives

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ed Philadelphia =PA>2 :B Saunsers Company c'((( p ?-@()

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l

Catherine E L!vel!#%, Ryan RJ M#Allister. ;4 Bl$e #ar*!n "r!)e#ts '!r the

#!lle#tive !!(. Car*!n Manaement :, ://-:/

Daniel M$r(iyars!, J B!!ne 8a$''man,L!$is ? ?er#h!t.;4 Climate #hane

mitiati!n strateies sh!$l( in#l$(e tr!"i#al &etlan(s. Car*!n Manaement :,

:3-:

Daniel M Al!ni.;4 I#ar$s revisite( tr!"i#al '!rests, REDDQ an( e#!system

(ynami#s. Car*!n Manaement :, :0-:/4

Daniel C D!nat!. ;4 Pers"e#tive an( "arsim!ny in '!rest #ar*!n manaement.

Car*!n Manaement ==, 44/-4=

Resear#h a#tivityJ$ly A$ Se"t O#t N!v

3 4 = : 3 4 = : 3 4 = : 3 4 = : 3 4 = :

Pr!#e($re 3

Pr!#e($re 4

Pr!#e($re =

Pr!#e($re :

Pr!#e($re

Pr!#e($re 0

Pr!#e($re /

APPENDI@ 2

BUDGETAR REUIREMENTS

;2!r "r!"!sal !nly>

0


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Items Am!$nt T!tal

4 Caes 4


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In "arara"h '!rm, &rite here all "ertinent in'!rmati!n a*!$t "r!"!nent

4.

*


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De La Salle University - DasmariasBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT *

Documents

Sample Format for HUB and ENV Thesis Proposal (2)44