Sample Biology Project 2

7/29/2019 Sample Biology Project 2

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HUMAN HEALTHAND NUTRITION

TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION

(TPN)ANDTHE VITAL ROLEITPLAYS


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Nutrition

Definition The process by which organisms take inand utilize food material (dictionary.com)

It is important to maintain proper nutrition within our bodiesto be healthy, happy and live a long time!

TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITIONOR TPN (FORSHORT) ISJUSTINTRAVENOUSNUTRITIONADMINISTEREDTHROUGHTHEVEINSOFTHEBODY. THISISGIVENTOPEOPLEWHOCANNOTEATORCANNOTABSORBNUTRIENTSTHROUGHOUTSOMEPARTOFTHEIRDIGESTIVESYSTEM.


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Calorie and Kilocalorie

Definition calorie or kilocalorie a unit of heat, equal to one thousandcalories, often used to express the heat output of an organism or the

energy value of food (dictionary.com)

Good calorie Bad calorie

It is important to watch the intake amount of calories per day. A healthy

amount of caloric intake is equivalent to 2000 calories/day! A BAGOF TPN ISFORMULATEDDEPENDENTONAPERSONSWEIGHTANDHOW

MANYCALORIESARENEEDEDACCORDINGTOTHATPERSON. THECALORIESARE

ATTRIBUTEDTHROUGHTHEFATANDAMINOACIDADDITIVEWHICHARE

PERSONALIZEDACCORDINGTOTHEPATIENTSNEED.


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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Definition -- The rate at which energy is used by an organism at complete

rest, measured in humans by the heat given off per unit time, andexpressed as the calories released per kilogram of body weight or persquare meter of body surface per hour. (Dictionary.com)

BMR is important to know to be able to maintain

a healthy weight. Knowing your at restmetabolic calorie burning weight can help

calculate how much caloric intake you should

cut out or consume to maintain a healthy

weight.

INPATIENTSWITH TPN, BMR ISIMPORTANTTOKNOWTOCALCULATETHEAMOUNTOFBODYFATPERMUSCLEINTHEPATIENTSBODYTOHELPTHEDOCTOR, DIETICIANANDPHARMACISTFORMULATETHERIGHTNUTRITIONALVALUEBASEDBAGTOGIVEINTRAVENOUSLYOVERA 12 TO 24 HOURPERIOD.


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Blood Pressure

Definition -- the pressure of the blood against the inner walls of the bloodvessels, varying in different parts of the body during different phases of

contraction of the heart and under different conditions of health, exertion,

etc. (Dictionary.com)

It is important for the body to maintain a blood

pressure with the appropriate range of

systolic/diastolic parameters.

The measurement of blood pressure tells your

doctor how your heart regulates the flow of blood

throughout your body.

IN TPN PARAMETERS, ITISREQUIREDTHATAPATIENTWHETHERATHOMEORIN

THEHOSPITALBEMONITOREDBYTAKINGVITALS ONAREGULARBASIS.

MAINTENANCEOFANORMALRANGEISVITALTOAPERSONSHEALTH.


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Nutrients Nutrients -- providing nourishment or nutriment

(Dictionary.com)

BAD NUTRIENTS GOOD NUTRIENTS

Nutrients are an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Making sure that you eat the

appropriate foods with nutritional value will keep your weight healthy and yourbody happy!

IN TPN, NUTRIENTSARETHEBASICVITALITYOFTHEPRODUCT. WHENFEEDINGINTRAVENOUSLY, ONLYWHATISNEEDEDFORADAILYVALUEOFNUTRITIONISCALCULATEDINTOTHEBAGFORTHEPATIENT, ENSURINGTHATTHEBODYUSESALL THENUTRIENTSPROVIDEDANDTHEREISNOWASTE


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Essential Amino Acids Definition -- any amino acid that is required by an animal for growth but

that cannot be synthesized by the animal's cells and must be supplied in thediet. (Dictionary.com)

Examples of foods that contain essential amino acids are fish, poultry and eggs.These are called complete proteins because they contain all the essential amino

acids needed that the body can not produce by itself. (livestrong.com)

IN TPN FORMULASCREATEDFORPATIENTS, THEESSENTIALAMINOACIDISPROVIDEDBASEDONTHEDIETICIANSRECOMMENDATIONSANDTHEPHARMACISTS CALCULATIONS. BRANDNAMESOFTHESOLUTIONARETROPHAMINE (PEDIATRICS) AMINOSYNAND TRAVASOL. (RXLIST.COM)


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Essential Fatty Acids Definition -- are necessary for human health but the body can' t make them

-- you have to get them through food.

Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in fish, such as salmon, tuna, and halibut,other seafood including algae and krill, some plants, and nut oils.http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htm#ixzz2Cpy8CDY4

These are the good fats that your body needs to

maintain an ideal health and wellness weight. It is

always the best choice to eat the good fats over

the bad fats.

IN TPN FORMULATION, FATTYACIDSAREDETERMINEDBYTHEAMOUNTOFINTRALIPIDSANDAMINOACIDSOLUTIONTHATISFORMULATEDWITHINTHE TPNBAG

. SOME

PATIENTS

DO

NOT

GET

INTRALIPIDS

IF

THEY

ARE

ALLERGIC

TO

EGGS

.
http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htm


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Cholesterol Definition -- A white crystalline substance found in animal tissues and

various foods, normally synthesized by the liver and important as aconstituent of cell membranes and a precursor to steroid hormones.

(dictionary.com)

Good Cholesterol Bad Cholesterol

Having a high cholesterol can lead to sufficient heart problems of all kinds

and eventually death if not taken care of appropriately. Exercise and eating

the proper foods can help to lower the bodys cholesterol so that there are

no white deposits in the arteries and heart that are not necessary.


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Fats Definition -- Any of various soft, solid, or semisolid organic compounds

constituting the esters of glycerol and fatty acids and their associated organicgroups (Dictionary.com)

It is important to watch what foods that contain fats are put into your body, too

much sugar leads to fat storage in which cant be metabolized appropriately.Examples of fatty foods are: greasy or fried foods, cakes, pies, ice-cream, candy,

popcorn, butter, cookies and mayonnaise.

It formulation of TPN, clinicians focus on the essential fatty acids that

are healthy and vital for absorption within a patient.


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Vitamins Definition -- any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities

to normal metabolism, found in minute amounts in natural foodstuffs orsometimes produced synthetically: deficiencies of vitamins produce specificdisorders (Dictionary.com)

Vitamins are needed in the body everyday.

Depleting vitamins from the body can cause

death. For example, when people consume too

much alcohol, they go into the emergency room

and get an IV liter bag full of a yellow substance,

which are multi-vitamin regimen (they smell like vitamins

too when drawn out of the vial).

IN TPN MIXTURES, THEVITAMINSAREPUTINLASTBECAUSEOFTHESTABILITY

WHENDRAWNOUTOFTHEVIAL (24 HOURS). A UNIVERSALDOSEOFVITAMINS

AREPUTINTHE TPN BAGSRIGHTBEFOREADMINISTRATIONTOENSURESTABILITY,

UNLESSTHEDOCTORPRESCRIBESOTHERWISE.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/metabolismhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/metabolism


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Malnutrition

Definition -- Poor nutrition because of an insufficient or poorly balanced diet orfaulty digestion or utilization of foods (Dictionary.com)

Being malnourished can cause a variety of health problems.It is important to nourish your body accordingly to prevent

a hospitalization or have to get intravenous food.

PATIENTSTHATNEEDTOBEON TPN AREUSUALLYFOUNDTOBEMALNOURISHEDBEFOREGETTING TPN. THISISBECAUSEPEOPLE

WHONEEDORGET TPN USUALLYHAVEAPOORDIGESTIVESYSTEMWITHSOME

ASPECTNOTWORKINGRIGHTINTHEBODYTHATABSORBSNUTRIENTS.

ITJUSTDEPENDSONTHEDIAGNOSIS.


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Eating Disorders Some eating disorders include:

Anorexia Loss of appetite, especially as a result of disease (Dictionary.com)

Bulimia a disorder characterized by compulsive overeating followed by vomiting:

sometimes associated with anxiety about gaining weight (Dictionary.com)

Starving oneself

Overeating

Having an eating disorder leads to a variety of health problems and even death.

People who characterize these disorders in the hospital often have to teach their

bodies how to eat right again.

INRELATIONTO TPN, IFTHEDISORDERISSOBADTHATITHASDAMAGEDTHEABSORPTIONOFNUTRIENTSINTOTHEBODY, DOCTORSCANORDERA TPN

REGIMEN. HOWEVER, THATISSTRICTLYINRELATIONTODIAGNOSISANDHOW

SEVERETHEDISORDERHASEFFECTEDTHEPATIENT'SBRAIN.


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CreditDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2012.

.

RX List The Internet Drug Index. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2012.

.

University of Maryland Medical Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2012.

.

Nelson, RD, Sheri, and Brooke Schaat, PharmD. Telephone interview.

14 Oct. 2012.

Documents

Sample Biology Project 2