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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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NETWORK

Definition:

A Group of interconnected nodes that exchange information and share resources through communication channels

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TYPES OF NETWORKS

Telecommunication Network Computer Network Transmission Network Control Network

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Telecommunication Network

* Designed primarily for human communication

Example– Telephone Network– TV Network– Pager Network

Nodes:

Example– Telecommunication Devices– Telephone set– Pager

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Transmission Network

Designed primarily for data transport and Routing & Transmission

Examples– Satellite Networks– ATM Networks– SONET Networks

Processing Devices Examples

- Switches - Routers

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Control Network

Designed primarily for Sensing and Measurement and Control Examples

– Air Defence Network– Air Conditioning Network– Factory Network

• Sensors and Control Devices– Temperature Sensors– Robots

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Computer Networks

An interconnected Autonomous (self working/intelligent) Computers designed for Computer Communication through Communication channel for data exchange and resources sharing

Examples– LAN– Internet– Banks Networks

Devices: Autonomous Computers

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Goals of Computer network

Resource sharing (Software and Hardware).

Providing high reliability by having alternative resources.

Saving money.

Access to remote information.

Person-to-person communication.

Interactive entertainment.

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ADVANTAGES OF COMUTER NETWORKS

Share Resources Provides Communication system to exchange &

Broadcast information Increases Reliability Allow remote access to information sources Increase processing power for problem solving Allow new Application Allow Collaborative work

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DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

Loss of privacy Computer network Crimes Attack to social values

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Uses of Computer Networks

• Business Applications• Home Applications• Social Applications• Scientific Applications

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Social and Scientific Applications of Networks

Corporate Work Distributed Data Simulation and Research

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Home Network Applications

Access to remote information Person-to-person

communication Interactive entertainment

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Business Applications

Electronic Commerce Electronic Administration Co-operative Work Electronic Government Office Automation E-Mail

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CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

Classification Based on Geography & Ownership- Personal Area Networks (PAN)

- Local Area Networks (LAN) - Metropolitan Area Networks( MAN) - Wide Area Networks (WAN)

- Internet

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Classification Based on Geography & Distance

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Classification Of Computer Networks-2

Classification Based on Technology and Application- Wireless Networks- Home Networks

- Storage Area Networks (SAN) - Intranet and Extranet - Broadcast Networks

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Local Area Networks

Definition: A Computer Network owned by a private sector or by a individual extended within a building or a campus up to a few kilometers in size

PC

PC

PCPC

PC

PCPC

PC

PC PC PC PC PC PC

Ring (IBM Token Ring)

Bus (EthernetTM)

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Local Area Networks

LANs often use a transmission technology consisting of a single cable to which all the machines are attached.

LANs run at speeds of 10 to 1000 Mbps. LAN Topology can be A broadcast or point to point

Various topologies are possible for broadcast LANs such as a bus (EthernetTM) and a ring (IBM Token Ring).

Point to Point LAN is built using point-to-point lines. Individual lines connect a specific machine with another specific machine.

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Metropolitan Area Networks

Definition: A computer Network that extend within a city and owned by a Corporation or by Public Sector

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Example: A Metropolitan Area Network Based on

cable TV

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Wide Area Network

Definition: A connection of Computer hosts and LAN’s through the subnet that extend within a country (or continents ) and owned by Public Sector

Examples : PSDN , X.25 , Frame Relay Application

- Long Distance data transport

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Wide Area Networks

WAN interconnects hosts and LANs through its subnet and routers

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Wide Area Networks

PSDN

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Integrated Service digital Networks

Definition : A telecommunication digital network that integrates many media, networks and applications

ISDN

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Internet Definition: A networks that extend world wide and connects all types of

computer networks

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Wide Area Networks

Broadcast Multiservice Networks

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Home Network

Definition: A network used for Home Applications Devices:

- Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared connected home peripherals

- Entertainment Applications:- TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo, MP3

- Telecommunication Devices - telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax

- Appliances - microwave, fridge, clock, furnace, air conditioners

-Telemetry Applications-utility meter, burglar alarm

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Wireless Networks

Definition: A Computer Network that interconnect computers by wireless channel

Examples of Wireless Networking:- System interconnection- Wireless LANs and

PANs(Bluetooth)- Wireless WANs

- Point to Point links

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Example of Wireless Networks (a) Bluetooth configuration(b) Wireless LAN

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Application Of Wireless Networks

(a) Individual mobile computers (b) A flying LAN