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This contains all the tests in a tabulated way required for detecting salts which are in the course of class xi and xii cbse .So that it can be memorized with ease. Provided by http://www.loookinto.blogspot.com/
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Salt Analysis
Cations
O.S. + NaOH + Heat
O.S. + Hel + I-hS
O.S. + NH4Cl + NH;OH +I-hS
o
Radicals --I
NiL+ ,MnL+ , ZI'?~C02+ -
AF+,Fe:H
Pb
Cu
Group l{cagcnt-r---,r----
Grcup-
Zero Group--
I Group
II Group"
III Group
---IV Group
\
Anions
Add
Group Reagent -·'r----- Radicals---- ._~ ~---,--- ---~---_.----_... - _ .._~.-" ..... ,-, ),"".SO/'. S/... NO -'r- U1J. n.)L)~A \....\
-
"
+ cone. H2SO4 cr, Br - , r ,CT,I3COO'
.. 'Cu piece and heat NO]'
/.-- C2Ot;'2 .KMn04 so]n.
+- BaCb
S042•
+ Cone.HN03 + Heat +
PO/-4)2 Mo04 ____ 1
[Group' I~~._--_. __ - __ ---L--I I ro .... ,.". I ':'" -.
f .i \•.....:l>./lff-/. I ...)1.:111
~ II Group -rSaltrI I Add
[ . -+-_._ III Group I O.S.
IV Group 10S. • --L (NH
Preliminary Tests
~-- Test. T -·-----observ~;tion .
1. Physical Appearance : 'I~---------____ ---, __ . "~~ __. -; ~~.:_,-'---- . ~. __ ~ _1 +
Colour ·VhII.C ~fNI-!.l'Ca~ ,
-.-------.----- --::---J-
3111l' ev+ !
-. -'--I'~N'+I _Jr~'en 1
r ---I
filllyj I~~til;g
3ro\'·m
Rc.J
Light pink
SrndlofNH]
S:ll'~ll of vinegar
Sm~l] of rotten c~g'·
Colourless gas evolved
FeJ+
NH/
CH3COo-
Violet gas evolved I r, "
Crzlcklinr sound
13. Fbn;e Test u_
B'own residue
Gr'~enish ·blueI Cu"+
Light green
I BaL+I
-~
Brick red
I C(1"<'- ---- --
r-- ~1+
I
I Crimson redIL
Test ~ for Cations (Basic Radicals)
(1) Zero Group
~ [C)bservation _ InferenceI O.S + NaOH + Heat I "Ii/hite Fumes with HCI NH/1-::--.----------.- t------------.---~-~-~+L2:§_~_', ._N_Te_s_s_ie_r_·'_s_R__e_a_~g~e_n_t__ U)_·'r._o_v..II.l .PP.t.__ ~ __ . LN_H--'4'-
(2) Fkst Group
~,
I
\ Test fObserV<ltion
O.S.-= Dil.HCI White ppt.O.S -I- K2Cr04 Yellow ppt.
I O.S -I- KI LYellow p~_
--
InferencePbL+Pb2+
.. _._J Pb2+ '-
(3) Second Group
I Test Observation Inference =JO.S + Dil.HCl + I-I2S Black ppt. Cu +
O~ Nl-LIOH(excess) Deep Blue IN+ lO.S + K.jFe(CN;6 Brown ppt. -.-._-_-_-_- _-_J Cu2+ I
(4) Tjlircl GrouT)
Test 1--------------j_.O.S + NH.jCI +NH~OHO.S + NaOH
O.S +- NaOH +Di1.HCI +Blue Litmus + NH.jOH
(Lake Test)
- .-:) bservation Inference
White gelatinou:-o ppt.
AIJ+
White ppt.
AIJ+
Blue ppts I AIJ+
I
Test '.-----O.S -1- NH.jCI +NHjOHO.S -I- KCNS------O.S -I- K1Fe(CN)(~
~ Observution__Brown ppt.. .~-nIooe! Red
-1·-------l_~)ark Blue ppt.,
Inference------>.
r J t--------
'eFe3+
--. r \+'c'
Fourth Group-.
In ference
')oln. is green)
Ni L+.Ni L+
pt
Ni L+
LTes~- --r ~~)s~rvati~~:.-1-11c I
~~~ J
O.S. + DMG ------1 Red l~~-'---r-;-:- --O.S. + NaOH LLight green r
,servation InferenceI----.- C-:.----z+
_ ..-
lck ppt (if DIn. is red)0
Blue ppt
C L+.0---- Co 2+J3lue etherial layer\ Test __~=J_. O.S + NH4C! +NH40H. +- il'
H c2~ L-O-.S.+ NaOH I
O.S. + NH4CNS + ethe~·---=.:I
__________________ ..J
MnTF
Mo 2+
Inference
~Z +-n
InferenceMn 1+
Test '~-----T Observationa.s + NH4CI ,NH40H + -r Dirty 'vhite ppt
~Il~' G Ig1~:-~~~~~~N-)6--------------1~-1~1-1~~e-hf-:I-~i-te-;)~t-I-~--'-e-I-Io"\~-'i-J~~:: ---------
i white PDt.L............. . --1. ~ __ .. __ . __ .__ . __ ._ -_. . --
\ Test --- --TObservation -O.S + Nl-L.CI +NH4.OH + I Buff ppt
\ H2~: . I
~.~. + NaOH =rSuff pptL9.S. + K3Fe(CN)6 _1 Brown ppt
\
Inference.. '
B 2+ S 2+ C 2+
a , r , a
-_ ..
BaLi-lrne
Ba2+-~-- Sr2+
Im'.1e
Sr2+---- Ca2+
--------le
Ca2+1 ObservationlWhite ppt\
II
--t Light green nI White ppt
_I Crimson red i_f White pptlBrick red flan---- ------,
[lesta.s + NH4CI +NH40H +(NJ-l4)2C03
(wbite ppt dissolves inCH1COOH
O.S. + K2Cr04Flame Test
O.S. + (NH4)2S04Flame Test
O.S. + (NH4)2C204Flame Test
(7) ;,ixth Gro'up
I Tes. - -rObservation Inference
I O,S -+ NH4CI +NI-L;OH + -~ White ppt ------fJMg2+Na2HP04 I I J I
9·S + (NH4)3 ~04 ---=T~ej)pt---------~~:----~-O.S + NaOH + Nessler's 1 White PPt. I Mgreagent ~ m I _
*~~**********************
US1
for Anions ~Acid Radicals)
"st Group
011I Inference
s,odourless gas
C031-
vescence
- C03L-ime water milky
t
C03·---
White pp
Observatl
Colourle~;with effe!
Changes----------
, _.'evolved gas" ",gli lime water
__~~lgS04o
\
- ~=I--O~_~-r~~~:L IhSO" - I Colourles
egg smell
Cl-bCOO)2Pb ~ Black ppt·odium nitropn sside I Purple c~
~)n In fcrcncc... "~~~--' ._+~- - - -..~- -.-+,~.- -S2-- ----------s gas with rotten
0
S2-lour
S2-
'll:l~:L~9-=L _, dil. I-bS04 +Fe~;04-----
:tarch iodide
Observation
13rown gasBrown colour
i Blue colour _
Inference
N02-N02-N02-
,~->.--~-,~ ~- ~~~•.,~
so;:sol
: l'St -------- -I. Observation-----l. Inferenced. P::SO.; . jC010l.Jlk.,s gas \-~it!1pl~ng-;;-l~t-Ts03z:------ ---
i smell-------- -.--- ---'.' :\. idill-bS04 t- K;.~r20-; Green colour
,):.:dJl }-bS0<L+ K!v!nO I Pink colour decolourisecl
I-- - -1
==-d(2) :)ccond GI-OUp
Observation Inference---I--
Colourless g[ls "vith pungentCl-
smell White ppt
Cl-- White ppt dissolves Cl-J
Il~- -- Observation I Inference I~:811 '(_-'O_l1_C_' _f-_Iz_S_O_'_1_ ~::~~n gas '-,/-:t-h--p-ll-n-ge-n-.t-l_B_f_- I
I 0 \~N03 Pale yellow ppt _B_r_- ~(1).~., ~'CLI+ Ch watel~_~9n1J1ge layern_ =_B=_r=_-=_-_=_-_=_-_=_-_=~__-_-------4
Test
Salt + Dil H2SO4
Pass the evolved Gas ThroughLime waterO.S. MgSO4
Tests
Tests
Salt + Dil H2SO4
O.S.+(CH3COO)2Pb
O.S+ Sodium nitroprusside
Tests
Salt+Dil H2SO4O.S.+Dil H2SO4+FeSO4O.S.+Starch Iodide
Tests
Salt+Dil H2SO4
O.S.+Dil H2SO4+K2Cr2O7O.S.+Dil H2SO4+KMnO4
Tests
Salt+Conc H2SO4
O.S.+AgNO3
White ppt +excess OfNH4OH
Tests
Salt+Conc. H2SO4
O.S.+AgNO3
O.S.+CCl4+Cl2 Water
(1) First Group
I Te:;t ~~~ Observation ------ I Inference ~
. Salt + Cone. H2S04 violet gas -[__ I_I_- ---<~;. + AgNOJ 1 yellow pp~ .r, O.S. + CCl, + CI, water __ L~Jayer '.. I r ~
InferenceI
--
-
lh pungclt N03-
-
N03-
)urN03-
Te:;t I Observatiori- ----r-;--- - ---Salt + Cone. H2S04+ Cu I brown gas wipiece & heat I smell
a.s. +FeS04 +eonc. H2S2i.~--!-B-~O-\-iVn-. -r-ill-_;;-',--LQJ;. + Diphenyl amine _ i Dark blue co:
--------------Inference
C20/-
\I ~'~;;(+ Cone 11280'+= =: I ~i~~e~:~~:';\;_-d_iSCharge~----
rrMn04 soln. __ J ----j IO.~;. + CaCb -.l Whi~~ I C204~ _
Te~;t __J Obs~rvation ~ -+ Inference ==-~_Salt + Cone. H2SQ,_1 I Smell of vinegar CH3COO- __
O.~:. + nell.FeCI] 1 Red colour CI-hCOO-
I Red soll1. + exc~ss watcr_~-_.,-Brown ppt --- - C1-1;COO" -._-1Heat ..I l . ,
(3) No specific group
._.-------- ---~'-r_:___----"-------
. Te~t I Observation
O.~:. + BaCb -- =:-~:White ppt
Add ENOJ to white ppt : Ppt does not~lis~)lve
O.S.:....+ (Cf--hCqO)2Pb _1White pp_t ..
u-------~--------. -" -~-'-.- --,InferenceS042-=-
sc5;1SO,iL-
1· t'J ,,1 crence
P04 J-
Test ! Observation-------------- --,-- -------O.S. + cone. HNOJ + ! Yellow pptAmmonium lvl01ybdatc &hea:
a.s. + CO(NOJ)2 -nt YJolei..EP~_- __ .~ J- __
Add CI-IJCOQI-I to violet i Violet ppt dissolves I eU4 .)-ppt i ~ _
~***********~~*********~*
