Sains Tg 3 Chapter 5

7/28/2019 Sains Tg 3 Chapter 5

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GROWTH



5.1 Human Growth Pattern

1. All living organisms breathe, move and reproduce.

2. Living organism also possess another important characteristic.

They have the ability to grow. They eat and use the food they

consume to grow bigger.



5.1 Human Growth Pattern3. Growth an increase in body size, number of cells and

weight.

4. Growth also involves changes in body shape and the

function of an organism.

5. Growth is permanent and irreversible.

6. All living organism eats food. The food consumed is broken

down into its components to release energy and provide

building materials.

7. These building materials are used to increase body size.



5.1 Human Growth Pattern

8. Human’s body weight increases and we become taller.

9. However, we stop growing taller when we reach a

particular height.

10. Our body shape also changes.

11. Human growth includes not only physical changes,

but also mental, sosial and spiritual changes. We

become more mature.

12. Our attitudes and values change as we move from

childhood to adulthood.



The Characteristics of Human Growth1. Every human being starts life as

a fertilised egg. This egg is smaller than a full stop and weighs about 5

x 10-7 grams.

2. After 9 months, the egg grows to

become a newborn baby.

3. The baby measures about 50cm

in length and weighs about 3 kg.

4. The fertilised egg increases in

length by 4000 times in weight by

approximately 6 billion times, when

the baby is born.



The Characteristics of Human Growth

5. Human growth can be determined by measuring physical characteristics such

as height and weight, at suitable interval over a certain period of time.

6. These measurement are plotted against time to obtain a growth curve.

7. The gradient of this curve at a particular time shoes the growth rate of the person

at that time.

Human Growth Curve




The Five Stages of Human Growth




8. Human growth can be divided into five stages: infancy, childhood,

adolescence, adulthood and old age.

9. In the first three years of infancy, an infant grows very quickly.

10. Figure above shows the extremely rapid development of an

infant’s nervous and muscular systems from birth to about 16months.




11. Childhood is a period of slow growth.

12. The adolescence is a period of very quick growth. Sexual

maturity or puberty is achieved during adolescence. The teen

years are the adolescent period.

13. Adulthood covers the early 20s until about 65. There isminimal growth during adulthood.

14. During old age there is negative growth, that is, a loss in

weight. This is because tissues break down more quickly than they can be repaired.

15. The age group of the different stages of growth are not fixed.

Scientist differ in their opinions regarding them.

G h C f B d Gi l



Growth Curves of Boys and Girls1. The growth rate in boys is different

from the growth rate of girls.

2. During infancy, both the growth rates

are the same. Baby boys and girls have

the same body shape.

3. However, from four years old aboy’s growth rate is faster than a girl’s.

4. As children grow up, their bodies

change. They start to look more like

adult men and women.

5. The time when these changes

happen is called puberty.

G th C f B d Gi l



Growth Curves of Boys and Girls

1. At puberty, there is a marked increase

in the growth rate known as theadolescent growth spurt.

2. From the beginning of adolescence, a

girl’s growth rate is faster than a boy’s.

3. On average, girls reach puberty at 12

years old, one or two years earlier than

boys.

4. Between the ages of 12 and 14, girls

mature earlier . They become taller and

heavier than boys of the same age.

5. After the age of 14, boys again grow

faster than girls.

G th C f B d Gi l




The race to maturity between the sexes




The race to maturity between the sexes





Effects of Nutrition on the Growth of Children

The Importance of Nutrition to Children



Effects of Nutrition on the Growth of Children

The Main Minerals and Vitamins Children Need



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Sains Tg 3 Chapter 5