Sail AwayGroup #11

Members:

Scott DonahoeMike LanteigneWallace BarkhouseBlair MacKay

Supervisor

Jimmy Chuang

Content1) Motivation and

Competition

2) DesignSteeringMast Sail Pontoons

3) Testing and Experiments

Motivation

1) Enjoyment of outdoors, kayaking and recreational activity

2) Renewable energy3) Innovative idea4) Interesting project involving many mechanical

aspects that the group will enjoy designing, building and finally testing

Retrieved from: “Sweet Clip Art” and “Clip art Graphics”

Competition

1) Cost2) Versatility

3) Compatibility4) Strength

COMPARISON CRITERIA

Retrieved from: “Triak Sports”

Safety

Criteria and Constraints

Criteria:

Constraints

• Safety• Operate in seas-state

three• Withstand 20 knot

winds• Steering Mechanism• Buoyant if flipped

• Easy transportation• Raise and lower mast• Materials corrosion

resistant

Retrieved from: “Observed Winds”

Retrieved from: “Pelletier”

Mast

Rear Mounted Rudder

Dual Pontoon / Single Support

Double Keel

Rudder

Rudder / Keel

Dual Pontoon / Support

Fixed Mast

Removable Slide on Mast

Curved Sail

Fixed Mast

Removable Slide on Mast

Removable - Hinged

Mast

Mast

Keel

Rudder

Sail

Support

PVC

Aluminum

Nylon

Wood/Fiberglass

Fiberglass

PVC Pipe

Aluminum

Plastic

Canvas

Fiberglass

Rudder

Sail

Stability

Sail Away

Mast

Rudder

Sail

Stability

Sail Away

Flow Chart

Rudder

Sail

Stability

Pontoon

Wood

Aluminum

Rudder and Keel

Mast DesignRemovable Hinged Mast:

Can be lowered and raised whilesitting in kayak

1 2 3

Mast CalculationsWeld StressApproximated as a square beam:• Weld stress too high to

support mast• Ribs will have to be

installed• Finite element analysis to

be done with ribsTube StressLimited by bending load:• 2 inch outer diameter• ¼ inch wall thickness• Stress = 43 MPa• Max Yield = 55 MPa

Mast Mounting

Bottom Hinge Mounted to Kayak:

• Bottom hinge plate mates to aluminum plate

• Aluminum plate mates to epoxy layer

• Epoxy layer mates to kayak

• Aluminum plate inside kayak

• Bolts run through whole assembly

• There may be an epoxy layer inside kayak to protect kayak frame

Connecting BoltsBottom Hinge Bracket

Exterior Mounting Plate

Epoxy Layer

Interior Mounting Plate

Sail Design

Hinge Mounted to Kayak:

• Custom made• 8 feet by 4 feet• 12 total attachment points

-10 along mast-2 along boom

• Mast attachment points are not rigid and slide with sail. (Similar to shower curtain rings)

• Top mast attachment is a rope to pulley, rigged to the deck near user

Wind Load CalculationsThe Bernoulli equation modified to suit our flow scenario is given as

Using a wind speed of 30 knots (SF 1.5) the expected pressure acting on our sail:= 153.63 Pa

Assuming that we have a uniform pressure distribution, the pressure on the sail can be treated as a point load at the sails centroid.

= 228N

1.4222 m

x 𝐹 𝑠

Moment ExperimentThe objective of the this experiment was to determine the moment required to tip our loaded kayak. o A weight was applied a distance of 1 meter

from the center of the kayako The kayak would lean as weights were added

Max Moment = 44.5 Nm acting on sail Pontoons

Needed !!!

Moment Results

Retrieved from: “Desktop Wallpapers”, “Trendy Pictures”, “Free Clip Art”

Pontoon Sizing

𝐹𝐵

1.4222 m

1.492 m

𝐹 𝑠

Counteract Tipping Moment

Using our point load found earlier and the geometry of our design the net buoyancy force needed to prevent tipping is 222 N

-

Pontoon Support Design

4’

4’

4’

4’

Kayak

• A Dual pontoon dual support system was to stabilize the kayak

• This would allow the user to paddle and still maintain the center of gravity

• Four foot spacing was calculated using the paddle length and angle of paddle

2* = horizontal length

= vertical length

= paddle length

(8’)

= paddle angle

(30)

x

y

Support Attachment

• The support is made of strapping welded to aluminum tubes on either side

• Each support will be attached to the kayak with four bolts and collars

• The support will be attached to the pontoons with modified C-clamps

AluminumMast

Nylon Sail

Aluminum Support

FiberglassPontoons

PlasticRudder

Cable to Lower mast

Bracket to Lower Mast

Weight ExperimentThe kayak was loaded with different weights to determine how much weight the kayak could hold

o The ultimate goal was to find the max weight the kayak could hold

o The weight added would mimic the material that would have to be added

o The weights were also distributed along the kayak

315 Pounds

Max Water Line

Unloaded175 Pounds

315 Pounds230 Pounds

0.0 175.0 210.0 230.0 245.0 265.0 315.00.0

5.0

10.0

15.0Distance from Max Water Plane

Weight Added (pounds)

Dis

pla

cem

en

t

Speed Experiment

Results and Conclusion

o The kayak was faster when it was not loaded with the extra weight.

o The loaded kayak was 17% slower

o The decrease in speed was significant, but was expected because of the added weight

o The actual decrease in speed will be different because of the drag of the keel.

The speed of the kayak was tested when loaded with the extra weight (55 Pounds) and unloaded.

175.00 230.002.502.602.702.802.903.003.103.203.30

Average Speed vs. Weight

Weight (Pounds)

Avera

ge S

peed

(m

/s)

Further ConsiderationsStress Analysis:

• Finite element analysis should be done for all load bearing components

• Bottom of mast is weakest and therefore most important

• Falling mast is dangerous to user

BudgetSystem Cost

Rudder and Keel 399.98$

Mast 227.60$

Sail 230.00$

Outriggers 344.20$

Kayak 300.00$

Total 1501.78$

ReferencesSeda - Rudder Options. N.d. Photograph. Seda- Strength, Speed, Spirit, Ensenada el Pescador, Baja

Mexico. Web. 20 Nov 2011. <http://www.sedakayak.com/sea_kayaks/rudders.html>.The triak - about the boat. . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.triaksports.com/Black Sailboat Silhouette. N.d. Photograph. Sweet Clip ArtWeb. 4 Dec 2011.

<http://www.sweetclipart.com/black-sailboat-silhouette-61>Free Kayak Clipart. N.d.

Free Kayak Clipart. N.d. Photograph. Free Clipart GrpahicsWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://www.freeclipartnow.com/recreation/boating/kayak.jpg.html>.

 Wave Desktop Wallpapers. N.d. Photograph. Desktop WallpapersWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://www.fwallpaper.net/wave-16.html>. Picture of Arrow. N.d. Photograph. Trendy PicturesWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://trendypicture.com/red-

arrow/15251/arrow-20red-203d-jpg.html>. Wind Clip Art. N.d. Photograph. Free Clip ArtWeb. 4 Dec 2011.

<http://95.143.192.212/nature/weather/wind/index.html>. Observed Winds. N.d. Photograph. Univeristy of IllinoisWeb. 4 Dec 2011.

<http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/maps/sfcobs/wnd.rxml>. Tammy Pelletier. When Do Ocean Waves Become 'Significant'? A Closer Look at Wave Forecasts . N.d.

Photograph. Mariners Weather LogWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://www.vos.noaa.gov

Thank You Shell

Questions?