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 Pbes es wbgm bg cgat sobiic# wetbiut mesbemh bes

sgoim`lry g`uolteim-

Blvemh fgoikg l Obrestelm lt tbg lhg ia memg#

Biuhbtim gvgmtulccy kivg` arik tbg alrk ti

tbg kesseim gc`- Bg olkg ti Em`el wetb Iregmtlc

Kesseim _ioegty "IK_% Emtgrmlteimlc- Xirdemh 

em Kl`rls‐miw rg+mlkg` Obgmmle‐img

plrteouclr `eaagrgmog fgtwggm bes bikg oiumtry 

lm` tbes img ekplotg` bek- Bg slw tblt Em`elms

hevg l vgry behb preirety ti g`uolteim- Iatgm#

bg wls lsdg` ea bg bl` l umevgrsety `ghrgg-

 Pbg trutb# ia oiursg# wls tblt bg bl` mit gvgm

oikpcgtg` behb sobiic- Pbiuhb fgwec`grg` ltrst fy tbes gkpblses# bg `gtgrkemg`cy `ergotg`

bes aurciuhbs‐tbg frglds latgr l sgt pgrei` ia 

sgrveog‐tiwlr`s g`uolteim- Im bes rst frgld#

tldgm em Lkgreol# bg hlemg` l flobgcirs `ghrgg#

lm` aicciwg` et up wetb l klstgrs- _ehmeolmtcy#

bes lrgl ia spgoelcezlteim wls Bestir y- Bg kly 

mit blvg dmiwm tbgm tblt bes emocemlteim air

Bestiry wiuc` stlkp etsgca im tbg `g`eolteim

pclqugs ia tbg fuec`emhs ia l olkpus‐wg wecc

oikg ti tblt prgsgmtcy-

@uremh tbes pgrei` ia s tu`y# bg kgt lm` klrreg`

Olric Ko@glrke`# tbg sprehbtcy `luhbtgr ia 

kesseimlregs em Em`el- Ls et blppgms# bgr altbgr

 Lm`rgw Ko@glrke` wls# air l pgrei`# premoeplc

ia tbg _iutbgrm Lsel Fefcg Oiccghg em Flmhlcirg#

`iwm tbg ril` arik wbgrg _LELO_ wiuc`

gvgmtulccy fuy pripgrty lm` gstlfcesb ets olkpus-

Pbg alrkgr arik Mgw Zglclm` 

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67^lsseim Obgmmle <52<60 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

Oimsgqugmtcy# img ia _LELO_― premoepcgs es tblt

gvgry stu`gmt# gvgry auturg Obrestelm cgl`gr wbi

stu`egs tbgrg# plys sikgtbemh tiwlr` bes ir bgr

trlememh- Aemlmoelc le` es sikgtekgs lvleclfcg# fut

gvgryimg oimtrefutgs sikgtbemh- Pbgrg lrg mi

argg re`gs-

Et wls sbirtcy latgr tbes `essgrtlteim wls `img

tblt Biuhbtim aium` beksgca sblremh bes sgg`

ia lm e`gl wetb Meobiccs em tbg yglr <52<‐tbg

e`gl air lm KPb em Kesseicihy- Pbes sgg` bl`

tldgm l wbicg `gol`g ti hgrkemltg- Fut bgrg

et wls lt clst# l sbiit pusbemh tbriuhb emti tbg

cehbt ia `ly-

_tlemg` hclss wem`iw em tbg Oblpgc ia tbg 

Vgsurrgoteim gsehmg` fy @ecdusbe Biuhbtim 

333

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6HriwtbOmmle <52<+<52?

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Im rgqugst# @r- Ltuc Lhblkdlr wecc sbiw yiu l ogrtlem ygcciwemh sbggt ia plpgr wetb

arlyg` g`hgs- Olrgauccy prgsgrvg`# tbes es tbg cgttgr bg rgogevg` em <526 arik @r- Hrlblk

Biuhbtim- Miw bgl` ia tbg `gplrtkgmt ia Kesseicihy lt _LELO_# Lhblkdlr wls tbgm

img ia tbg sexty ir si lppceolmts air Biuhbtim―s mgw KPb prihrlkkg- Pbes `ioukgmt wls plrt

ia tbg l`kesseims oirr gspim`gmog- _ikgwblt cedg l ouodii em l oriw―s mgst# tbg mgw prihrlkkg

bltobg` em firriwg` splog- Pbg um`grstlm`emh wls tblt tbg prihrlkkg wls ti fg rum em Kl`rls

Fefcg _gkemlry "KF_%- Xblt es kirg# tbg plpgr es stlkpg`

 wetb tbg LGPGE cgttgrbgl`- _LELO_# wbgm et fghlm# bl`

mgetbgr mlkg mir bikg-

 Pbg Lssioelteim ia Gvlmhgceolc Pbgiciheolc G`uolteim em

Em`el "LGPGE%# irhlmezg` em tbg cltg <58>s# wls emtgm`g` ti

strgmhtbgm tbg gaairts ia gvlmhgceolc trlememh emstetuteims lcc

loriss Em`el- LGPGE filr` kgkfgrs lm` emtgrgstg` itbgrs

hltbgrg` em Obgmmle lt Biuhbtim―s emvetlteim ti `esouss bes

e`gl air iaagremh# um`gr tbg luspeogs ia LGPGE# –l img+tekg

KPb `ghrgg oiursg wetb lm gkpblses em Kesseicihy-‛

–Pbg rgspimsg ti tbg wbicg tbemh wls rltbgr gmtbuselsteo#‛

Biuhbtim rgkgkfgrs- –Fut# ls et blppgms# gmtbuselsteo

lpprivlc sikgtekgs vlpirezgs lm` yiu kly fg tbg imcy 

pgrsim cgat stlm`emh‐wbeob es wblt blppgmg` em tbes

setulteim-‛

 Pbg fghemmemh ia _LELO_ es im tbg rgoir` ls ioourre mh em

tbg sukkgr ia <52<- Biuhbtim lm` l ocustgr ia emtgrgstg`

cgl`grs fghlm puttemh tihgtbgr tbg mgogsslry plrts ia tbger

`rglk pisthrl`ultg prihrlkkg# tbg `rglk tblt bl` fggm

emoufltemh air tgm cimh yglrs-

 Ls tbgy fghlm ti `rlw up l cedgcy ourreoucuk ia oiurs gs# tbgy rglcezg` twi tbemhs- Aerst# tbg emoikemh 

stu`gmts kly mit blvg getbgr tbg clmhulhg sdeccs ir tbg preir aium`lteim mgogsslry air l klstgrs cgvgc-

_goim`cy# tbg oiursg emstruotirs wiuc` blvg ti fg firriwg`# lm` kly mit blvg kirg tblm l oiupcg

ia wggds― tekg ti iaagr tbg prihrlkkg- –Xg agct wg oiuc` hgt lckist lmyfi`y air tbrgg wggds

Hriwtb

Ommle <52<+<52?

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Fy t m` a t <55>s# t Are ly vmemhokkumety tek em t stu`mt cumh wls

furstemh lt t slks- _# em <558# w ark`

aur occ hrups- Py wr olcc` ^rkes

Dprs# Kr Plm Omqurrs# Jlrs a Ocly

lm` Arvr Arem`s- Ps hrups omsest`

a stu`mts lm` ter alkeces# lm` wuc kt

m Are ly mehts latr t okkumety klc ar l

tek a rclx` accwsep latr l fusy wd a 

lol`keos- Xetem t occ hrup tr wr pt

cuods lm` peomeos- Ftwm occ hrups tr

wr tcy omtst` vccy flcc turmlkmts# wet

orqut lm` oreodt l``` em cltr- im t _prts

@ly# tbg tuh+ia+wlr fgolkg tbg hrlm` mlcg lm`

wls t rlsm ar sr trlts lm` f`es t

mxt ly-

 Ls t mukfrs hrw# tw kr occ hrups wr

l```# lm` tm lmtr tw fremhemh t mukfr

t eht- @uremh ts ylrs mw mlks wr

l``` t t kex‐H`zm# Drestu ^lrevlr lm` Lrkl- P eht occ hrup xprekmt clst

mcy l ylr lm` _LELO_ rvrt` t ets ourrmt

sex hrups- Klmwec# sk c ms olmh`

mlks- Jlrs a Ocly wls tuht t f t

arlhec lm` wls xolmh` ar gdcdts- Arvr

Arem`s kust lv rkem`` ppc a clmhulh

ty l` cat fem` wet ter soc lys# lm`

wls remvmt` ls P gtrmlcs- P ourrmt sex

hrups rtlem tw a t rehemlc ms "Kr Plm

Omqurrs lm` ^rkes Dprs%# lcmhse t

mwr ms "Lrkl# H`zm# P gtrmlcs lm`

gdcdts%-

Em t ours a tek# occ hrup olpc wls

emstetut`- itr tlm t alkecy soelc meht m

Are lys# stu`mts fhlm t kt m m a t

wd`ly krmemhs ar slremh lm` prlyr- Lt m

tek# ter`+ylr stu`mts wr rlssehm` t l

`eaarmt occ hrup- bwvr# hrup cylcty prv`

t strmh# lm` stu`mts mw `vt tkscvst m occ hrup truhut ter stu`mtsep-

ivr t olcm`lr ylr# occ hrups ht t

swols tkscvs ls l tlk em svrlc

vmts- im lm` aa# occ hrups lv rhlmez`

t lmmulc ^rlyr @ly# t a` astevlcs cl`emh

up t t Kessem Omarmo# lm` t Orestkls

srveo- Kr omsestmtcy# lo hrup cl`s t

okkumety em krmemh olpc ar m wd vry

ylr- Orltev jueos lr sterr` up# lm` t Olpc

lm` olkpus flr sehms a t wd―s tk- Uu

kehbt m` l –revgr‛ iwemh `iwm tbg lescg wetb

rglc cevg sb spclsbemh lfiut em et4 yiu kehbt m`

l –wlcc‛ lt t Okkms emvetemh yur okkmts

im l plrteouclr tbgkg4 tbg oimhrghlteim kehbt fg

tgkpirlrecy fcem`aic g` ti kldg l orgltevg piemt4

oers wet plemt` alos "lm` ler% kly cl` t

wirsbep4 hriups kly iaagr –argg buhs-‛ Xetb l ogcc

hrup# yu olm mvr f sur wlt t xpot-

Pblmd Hi` Et―s

Are`ly,

?> _LELO_  Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs

 Lkmh t glrcestAloucty Pbg cettcg fiidcgt pri uog` air usg lt _LELO_― rst

hrl`ultem srveo‐<2t iotfr# <527‐cests t

accwemh ls emocu`` em ets aloucty –vr t clst tw

ylrs-‛

@r- _lkuc Fljjlm# bmry Klrtym Emstetut a Esclkeo

_tu`es

Vv- P Olm`lpeccl# _t- Pkls gvlmhceolc Ouro a 

Em`el

@r- Pkls @lmec# Kl`rls Orestelm Occh

@r- Jlks Hlklcec# Omor`el Pcheolc _kemlry

@r- P O Hrh# _utrm Lsel Fefc Occh

@r- Dm Hmlmldlm# LOP_ Emstetut@r- Mlrm`rl Jm# Ulvltklc Occh ar Cl`rsep

 Prlememh

Vv- Qeslc Klmhlcwl`e# PVLOE

@r- Fruo Meoccs# Xrc` gvlmhceolc Accwsep

Vv- gzrl _lrhumlk# gvlmhceolc Ouro a Em`el

@r- _umlm` _uketrl# Xrc` gvlmhceolc Accwsep

@r- Jm Plmmeodlc# Mlvl Jvl Lsrlk

@r- P`r Xeccelks# Em`elm gvlmhceolc Kessem

@r- Kess L- Zlolrel# _ut Em`el Fefceolc _kemlry

Ark vgrsgls:Vv- Jek Hrh# Hrlo Okkumety Ouro

@r- luc befrt# Auccr Pcheolc _kemlry

@r- Vmlc` _e`r# glstrm Flptest _kemlry

@r- bltwly _trutrs# Ocukfel Fefc Occh

@mlc` KoHlvrlm# @lm a t _oc a Xrc` Kessem#

Auccr Pcheolc _kemlry

J- iswlc` _lm`rs# Hmrlc @erotr#ivrsls

Kessemlry Accwsep

ir l kimtb# lm` lckist mifi`y air l wbicg

sgkgstgr#‛ Biuhbtim rggots- Pbg sicuteim

ti tbg twi+bgl`g` `ecgkkl wls tbg ki`uclr

systgk‐l systgk tblt wls ti fgoikg l _LELO_

`estemotevg-

 Pbus# rltbgr tblm l sgkgstgr arlkgwird air

tbg lol`gkeo yglr# tbg 6+yglr KPb rlm oiursgs

oimsgoutevgcy# kimtb+fy+kimtb- Cltgr# lt

tbg hrl`ulteim ia tbg rst fltob ia stu`gmts#

Biuhbtim wiuc` fg lfcg ti rgpirt: –Xg blvg

`esoivgrg` tblt stu`gmts lpprgoeltg hevemh tbger

um`eve`g` lttgmteim ti img sufjgot lt l tekg-

Et bls# tbgy tgcc us# hrgltcy lssestg` tbgk em

lobegvemh oikpgtgmog em l hevgm sufjgot-‛ Im

tblt slkg ioolseim# Prustgg @r- Dgm Hmlmldlm

 wiuc` oikkgm` Biuhbtim ls –dgy ti tbg

gaagotevg aumoteimemh ia tbes wbicg mgw oimogpt

ia ki`uclr g`uolteim em Em`el-‛

 Pbes oim`gmog tblt gvgm wgcc+dmiwm tglobgrs

 wiuc` bgcp iut air sbirt stemts privg` wgcc

aium`g`- _ikg wgrg lvleclfcg ti veset KF_#

sikg iaagrg` tbger sgrveogs arik Flmhlcirg-

 Pbus# et wls `goe`g` ti cgt tbg stu`gmts lctgrmltg

rgse`gmog fgtwggm Obgmmle lm` Flmhlcirg- Xg

hgt lm e`gl ia tbg rlmhg lm` stlm`emh ia tbgsg

glrcy oimtrefutirs wetb tbes sklcc slkpcg:

 Ltuc Lhblkdlr# l stu`gmt em tbg rst fltob‐<526

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??Hriwtb Obgmmle <52<+<52? 

?6 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

@r- luc Bgefgrt# wirc`+rgmiwmg` lmtbripicihest4

@rs Qemly _lkugc lm` Obres _uh`gm# veolrs lt

_t- Jibm―s Oburob em Flmhlcirg4 l cgl`emh Em`elm

fesbip# Gzrl _lrhumlk4 @r- @imlc` KloHlvrlm#

emtgrmlteimlccy dmiwm oburob hriwtb huru4

@r- J I _lm`grs# ergotir ia IK_# _emhlpirg4

@r- Vim _e`gr# l sioelc justeog l`violtg4 lm`

arimtcemg Em`elm cgl`grs lm` tbemdgrs suob ls P

Oblm`lpeccl lm` Qesblc Klmhlcwl`e-

 Pbg rst fltob gm`g` up tldemh tbg rst aiur

kimtbs em KF_# tbg mgxt tbrgg kimtbs em

GAEOIV―s "Gvlmhgceolc Agcciwsbep ia Em`el#

Oikkesseim im Vgcega% trlememh ogmtrg im

Butobems― Vil`# Flmhlcirg# tbg mgxt vg

kimtbs flod em KF_# lm` tbg clst tbrgg kimtbslt tbg _iutbgrm Lsel Fefcg Oiccghg "_LFO%#

Flmhlcirg- Latgr tbgsg mikl`eo atggm kimtbs

tbg stu`gmts‐hrltgauccy# wg prgsukg,‐rgturmg`

bikg ti oikpcgtg tbger tbgsgs- Emtgrgstemh ti

mitg es tblt tbes KPb prihrlkkg wls ti fg

rum pgrei`eolccy# wetb frglds- Biuhbtim rgolccs

tblt tbgy tbiuhbt tblt latgr tbes rst fltob# tbgy 

 wiuc` –`eslssgkfcg tbg solaaic`emh# sblcc wg sly#

lm` wlet air twi ir tbrgg yglrs# latgr wbeob wg

kehbt rglssgkfcg tbg prihrlkkg lhlem-‛ Pbemhs

 wgrg ti turm iut `eaagrgmtcy# ls wg sblcc sgg-

–Gvgmtulccy wg bl` tbg tbemh lssgkfcg`#‛

Biuhbtim slys- –Frioburgs lm` l`vgrtesemh 

 wgmt iut# stltemh tblt wg wiuc` blvg oclssgs em

IK_―s Kl`rls Fefcg _gkemlry# wbgrg E wls stecc

tbg premoeplc- Xg agct bipgauc tblt wg wiuc` hgt

klyfg twgcvg stu`gmts-‛

Kirg tblm sexty stu`gmts lppceg` arik lcc ivgr

Em`el- _extggm wgrg sgcgotg`# lm` –im tbg `ly wg

fghlm‐Jumg# <526‐wg bl` twgcvg stu`gmts-‛

Biuhbtim wiuc` bukiriuscy rgagr ti tbgk ls

bes twgcvg `esoepcgs- Lkimh tbgk# img bl` fggm

l Oltbiceo pregst# lmitbgr# l oclsseolc `lmogr fy 

priagsseim- Arik tbgk# img wgmt im ti fgoikg

tbg bgl` ia _LELO_― `gplrtkgmt ia kesseicihy#

lm` lmitbgr# l fesbip em tbg Cutbgrlm oburob-

Gvgm em tbes glrcegst ia fltobgs# tbgrg wls tbg

oucturlc lm` emtgrmlteimlc kex si oblrlotgresteo ia 

tbg emstetuteim ti`ly‐twi wgrg Em`imgselm# img

 wls Furkgsg# tbrgg wgrg arik tbg mirtbglst ia Em`el# lm` tbg rgst arik klemclm` Em`el-

 Pbg stu`gmts# lcc kgm# fumdg` em wetb KF_

stu`gmts- Lhblkdlr# ls tbg imcy alkecy klm#

aium` l rgse`gmog mglrfy- Pwi ti l riik# tbg

rgklememh gcgvgm iooupeg` tbg hrium` iir ia 

tbg stu`gmt `irketiry- Pbgy usg` img oclssriik

em tbg l`kemestrltevg fuec`emh- –Mit imcy `e`

 wg tglob tbg stu`gmts em tblt img oclssriik#‛

Biuhbtim rgolccs# –wg lcsi bl` tbg cefrlry 

tbgrg‐l twi+`iir lckerlb # l stggc oupfilr`#

 wbeob bgc` lfiut <7> fiids# _LELO_― rst

cefrlry-‛ Pblt oupfilr` es stecc em tbg Cefrlry 

ti`ly- _ikgtbemh cedg tbg Esrlgcetgs lm` tbg

pecclr ia ociu` em tbg wec`grmgs s# wbgmgvgr tbg

stu`gmts kivg` arik Obgmmle ti Flmhlcirg

ir flod lhlem# tbg cefrlry kivg` wetb tbgk-

 Lhblkdlr rgolccs tblt tbg –cefrlry‛ mgltcy ttg`

emti tbg flod ia lm Lkflssl`ir olr# lm` tblt

 wbgm bg bl` tbg rgspimsefecety ia tbes –cefrlr y#‛

img ia bes tlsds wls ti klmulccy oiumt lcc tbg

fiids gvgry mehbt- Cltgr cefrlrelms sbiuc` fg

hrltgauc tblt tbes `e` mit fgoikg l plrt ia tbger

jif `gsorepteim,

 L prloteog `estemotevg ti _LELO_ sggks ti

blvg sprumh arik tbg mgogssety ia tbgsg te kgs-

Are`lys# lt KF_# wgrg l `ly ia alstemh- Em

oikpgmslteim# Olric Biuhbtim bet upim tbg

e`gl ia l Are`ly oikkumety `emmgr# aicciwg`

fy hlkgs- Pbes tiid pclog lt tbg Biuhbtim

rgse`gmog im tbg Huruduc olkpus- Imog l

kimtb# Ltuc Lhblkdlr―s weag# _uklm# wiuc` l``

sikg Klrltbe lviurs‐  purlm pice lm` dbggr  ‐ti

Olric―s gocgoteo kgmu tblt emocu`g` areg` sb lm`

Obemgsg areg` reog-

 Pbg Biuhbtims oimtemug` tbg Are`ly mehbt

trl`eteim lt tbger bikg# wbeob hrgw ls tbg

emstetuteim hrgw- Et fgolkg tbg feh sioelc gvgmt

ia tbg wggd- –Xg emvetg` gvgryimg oimmgotg`

 wetb tbg emstetuteim#‛ Olric slys- –Mimg ia 

us bl` tgcgveseim em tbisg `lys- Klmy ia 

iur stu`gmts bl` mgvgr wltobg` img# lm`

si tbgy wgrg hrglt lt kldemh up tbger iwm

gmtgrtlemkgmt- Xg bl` lcc dem`s ia beclreius aum#

gvgrytbemh arik oblrl`gs ti sdets ti kekeodemh 

pgipcg air tbg itbgrs ti hugss wbi-‛ Pbg

mukfgr ia stu`gmts oimtemug` ti hr iw lm`

 wbgm tbgy kivg` ti tbg Ditblmur olkpus# tbg

trl`eteim oimtemug` gvgm tbiuhb Olric―s detobgm

oiuc` mi cimhgr klmlhg tbg jif- Ls sbg slys#

–Xbgm tbg mukfgr hit plst airty# E bl` rglobg`

ky ceket-‛ Pbg tlsd tbgm plssg` im ti tbg

Oikkims-

_gvgrlc sehmeolmt gvgmts blppgmg` em tbisg

rst twi yglrs# <526+<52?- Pi fghem wetb# tbg

Flod riw "CtiV%: Keoblgc Obimhcue# Ob ^b ^rldlsb# Vljl Kiblm`lss# _umtisb Kltbgw# Clc Dbwlcelm# MD^ Mltblmegc# Dgzblsgtui Pgrbujl "Zlfu%

Arimt riw "CtiV%: _lkugc _e jlflt# Ltuc Lhblkdlr# Hrlblk Biuhbtim# "rgsiurog pgrsim%# Ekmlmudcu Cimhdukgr# Qeotir G Q Gbrblr`t# "lfsgmt: Milb Frehbt%

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?7Hriwtb Obgmmle <52<+<52? 

?0 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

 Lmmykus_lkuc _e jlflt

fgcimhs ti tbg rst

flto a stu`mts- b

sm`s es kkres

ark Em`msel:

–Et es emtrstemh t

rkkfr tlt t

mlk _LELO_ e` mt

yt xest wm E jem`

t KP prhrlk- P ^rspotus <526+<520

sle tlt t KP em Kessecheolc _tu`es wls

rhlmez` fy t Lssoeltem ar gvlmhceolc

 Pcheolc g uoltem em Em`el "LgPgE%-

Xm E wmt t Ockf# _re Clmdl ar ky veslrmwlc# l Orestelm cl`r lsd` k t mlk

a ky tcheolc soc em Kl`rls- Lcc E ouc`

sw ek wls t prspotus-

–bw es et tlt lm KP prhrlkk es clumo`

fy lm emstetutem wetut l oclr e mtety9‛

qustem`-

@uremh t som` skstr em <526# @r-

Hrllk buhtm sle w m`` t mlk

t emstetutem w wr stu`mts a- _k a 

ky arem`s kl` suhhstems-

gvmtulccy# @r- buhtm emark` us tlt

t mlk a ur soc wls t _ut Lsel

Emstetut a L`vlmo` Orestelm _tu`es

"_LELO_%- L mw cttrl` wls premt`-

Em t fhemmemh et sum`` strlmh t k- Et

wls lm umusulc mlk- Mvrtcss E wls hcl`

tblt mlccy tbg emstetuteim wbgrg E wls pursuemh

ky stu`es l` lm e mtety,‛

e`gl ia iaagremh tbg KPb pgrei`eolccy kgt wetb

rgsestlmog- Obrestelm cgl`grs em Em`el# fitb Em`elm

lm` gxpltreltg kesseimlregs# urhg` tblt tbgy 

mit `esoimtemug- Uegc`emh ti tbgsg vieogs# tbg

oikkettgg `goe`g` ti oimtemug# gvgm tbiuhb

oimtemuemh kglmt m`emh l pclog em wbeob ti `i

si- Bgrg# tbg oimsgmsus wls tblt tblt pclog wls

mit Obgmmle# fut Flmhlcirg‐tbg oiicgr ocekltg

 wls tbg ocemobgr-

 Xetb tbg prihrlkkg kivemh lwly ti Flmhlcirg#

tbg Biuhbtims wim`grg` ea tbg tekg bl` oikg

air tbgk ti tgrkemltg tbger wird wetb KF_ lm`

rgturm bikg ti Mgw Zglclm`- Pbger kesseim

lhgmoy# IK_# aium` wblt Biuhbtim olccs l

–`evemgcy emsperg` lctgrmltevg-‛ Pbgy iaagrg`tblt tbg Biuhbtims oiuc` hi wetb tbg KPb

kesseicihy prihrlkkg ti Flmhlcirg# lm` kldg et

tbger kesseim lssehmkgmt-

Kglmwbecg# tbg prihrlkkg out ets ukfeceolc

oir` wetb LGPGE- Arlmdcy# LGPGE bl` fggm

rltbgr cudgwlrk ti tbg KPb prihrlkkg# lm`

Biuhbtim slw tblt tbgy –wiuc`m―t hgt vgry alr

um`gr tbger ukfrgccl-‛ Bg friuhbt up tbg klttgr#

suhhgstemh tblt LGPGE rgcglsg tbg prijgot ti

–kldg ets iwm wly-‛ Pbgy lhrgg`-

Im tbg bggcs ia tbes sbeat# tbgrg wls l mgg` ti

m` tbg prijgot l mlkg- @rs Hrlblk Biuhbtim#

Dgm Hmlmldlm# lm` Jibm Pblmmeodlc‐tbg imgs

 wbi `rivg tbg gmtgrpresg‐sgt tbger kem`s ti tbg

tlsd- Lm ifveius glrcy suhhgsteim wls –hrl`ultg

sobiic ia tbgicihy-‛ Pbes fet tbg `ust fgolusg#

em Em`el# l sobiic es lssioeltg` wetb preklry lm`

sgoim`lry g`uolteim rltbgr tblm lmytbemh behbgr-

 Pbes oiuc` olusg oimauseim ls ti tbg cgvgc lm`

purpisg ia tbger prijgot- Biuhbtim rgolccg`

tbgrg wls lm Em`elm Emstetutg ia L`vlmog`

_tu`egs em _bekcl# em Mirtb Em`el- Bes ipteim cly 

em tblt `ergoteim- Bg lcsi wlmtg` –_iutb Lsel‛ ti

lppglr em tbg mlkg- –E wls lmxeius tblt wblt wg

`i wiuc` gkfrlog tbg wbicg hgi+piceteolc lrgl

ia _iutb Lsel# wbeob wiuc` emocu`g ^ldestlm#

Flmhcl`gsb# Mgplc lm` _re Clmdl-‛ Lm` si#

tbgy iltg` tbg mlkg –_iutb Lsel Emstetutg ia 

 L`vlmog` _tu`egs-‛ Lt tbes# sikgimg rlesg`

l qugsteim: –Xblt lfiut olccemh et l ObrestelmEmstetutg9‛

–Mi# mi#‛ olkg tbg pritgst- –Cgt―s dggp l ciw 

pricg-‛

–Xblt―s tbg prifcgk9‛ itbgrs oiumtgrg`- –Pbg

Fu``bests blvg lm emstetutg- Pbgrg es l Bem`u

Wmevgrsety em Qlrlmlse# lm` l Kuscek Wmevgrsety 

em Lcehlrb- Xby olm―t wg blvg l Obrestelm

emstetutg9‛

–_i wg mlccy `goe`g`#‛ Biuhbtim slys# –tblt wg

 wiuc` blvg tbg oiurlhg ti l`` Obrestelm-‛ Em l

oimtgxt em wbeob Obrestelms lrg l sklcc kemirety#

lm` lrg sikgtekgs pgrogevg` ls l tbrglt# et wls l

resd ti tldg- Xetb tbes `goeseim# tbg –_iutb Lsel

Emstetutg ia L`vlmog` Obrestelm _tu`egs‛ wls

lpprivg` ls tbg iaoelc mlkg ia tbg emstetuteim

air tbg prihrlkkg ia KPb em Kesseicihy 

Hmlmldlm# wbi fgolkg img ia tbg tbrgg

aium`emh filr` kgkfgrs# rst piemtg` iut tbg

rgsuctlmt lorimyk- –Xgcc# em tblt olsg# et slys

_LELO_‐sehb+lxg-‛

 Lm` si# tbg Emstetutg oimtemugs ti fg dmiwm ls

_LELO_- –Pbgrg lrg sikg pgipcg em Em`el wbi

oiuc` mit tgcc yiu tbg kglmemh ia tbg lorimyk#‛

Biuhbtim l`kets# –fut _LELO_ bls fgoikg# E

tbemd# l frlm` mlkg-‛

 Pbgm# im 6?r` Kly# <52?# _LELO_ lhrgg` ti

sggd loorg`etlteim air tbg KPb em Kesseicihy 

prihrlkkg arik tbg Lsel Pbgiciheolc

 Lssioelteim "LPL%- Biuhbtim wls lppiemtg`premoeplc- Lm`# rgklrdlfcy# tbg kemutgs rgvglc

tbger `goeseim ti `rlw up ^b@ hue`gcemgs‐gvgm

em tbgsg glrcy `lys- Pbg loorg`etlteim olkg

 wetbem tbg yglr# gvgm ls tbg sgoim` fltob ia 

stu`gmts wls l`kettg`-

_LELO_ miw bl` lm e`gmtety lm` l mlkg-

Biwgvgr# wetb ets stu`gmts‐lm` ets cefrlry,‐ 

kivemh fgtwggm Obgmmle lm` Flmhlcirg cedg l

ociod―s pgm`ucuk# et bl` ygt ti m` l bikg-

Biuhbtim alkecy prlygr olr` 

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glrcy ylrs em Drlklmhlcl

     3     3     3

Pbg <527 fltob 

@r- _umlm` _uketrl tglobemh 

 3 3

 3

333

_LELO_― rst iaoelc bikg+<52?     3     3     3

333

 Glrcy oirrgspim`gmog ti Ltuc Lhblkdlr 

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?VesdDrlklmhlcl<52?+<528

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_tu`gmts lm` Pgj luc iutse`g tbg remoeplc―s hlrlhg iaog em

Dirlklmhlcl     3     3     3

_tu`gmts iutse`g _LELO_― biusg em Dirlklmhlcl     3     3     3

Aerst hrl`ulteim ogrgkimy‐Iotifgr <527

333

Dlre Cimhoblr lm` Ekmlmudcu 3 3 3

D usbe Biuhbtim wls stlm`emh fy bgr altbgr wetb tbger `lobsbum`# Plbe- L stu`gmt olkg fy#

lm` plusg` ti l`kerg tbg `ih- –Qgry swggt `ih#‛ bg sle`- Lm` tbgm l``g`# pgrblps just ti

tglsg# –Lm` tlsty-‛ @r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim gxpclemg` ti tbg fgwec`grg` obec` tblt em sikg

plrts ia tbg oiumtr y `ih kglt wls mit umoikkim- Ia oiursg# tbg herc peodg` up bgr pgt lm` g` tbg

sogmg- Air l wbecg tbgrglatgr# wbgmgvgr sbg wlmtg` ti veset bgr altbgr―s iaog# sbg wiuc` rst gmquerg

ea –tblt klm‛ wls lmywbgrg em tbg veoemety,

 Pbes kgctemh pit ia ou cturgs tblt wls _LELO_― trl`gklrd 

oimtemug` ls argsb fltobgs wgrg l`kettg`- Kglmwbecg# em cltg

<52?# tbg emstetuteim rgcioltg` arik Obgmmle ti lm upoikemh 

sufurf im tbg siutb se`g ia Flmhlcirg# olccg` Dirlklmhlcl-

Em tbg blca+`gol`g aicciwemh tbes sehmeolmt kivg# _LELO_

ipgrltg` iut ia sex biusgs# lcc em ocisg prixekety- Img biusg

bl` l detobgm lm` `ememh splog# lmitbgr bl` tbg oclssriik#

lm` gvgmtulccy# lmitbgr# tbg cefrlry- Ls air tbg hlrlhgs‐ia 

 wbeob tbgrg wgrg twi‐img wls air tbg premoeplc lm` img wls air bes sgorgtlry- Pbg looiumtlmt bl` bes iaog em tbg

detobgm# semog et wls tbg imcy pclog oimvgmegmt gmiuhb air bes

cg`hgrs,

Em <520# tbg rst oclss ia stu`gmts oikpcgtg` tbger oiurs gs-

Air prloteolc oimvgmegmog# tbger hrl`ulteim wls `gclyg`

tecc tbg aicciwemh yglr# lm` kgrhg` wetb tbg hrl`ulteim ia 

tbg sgoim` fltob- Im <2 tb Iotifgr# <527# _LELO_ bgc`

ets rst gvgr hrl`ulteim ogrgkimy- Ia tbg tgm hrl`ultgs#

memg rgogevg` tbg –Klstgr ia Pbgicihy‛ `ghr gg# lm` img# l

–Klstgr ia Obres telm _tu`egs-‛ Aevg ia tbgsg wgrg lwlr`g` em

lfsgmtel-

Gvgm ea tbg gvgmt wls bgc` em l firriwg` vgmug‐tbg plresb blcc ia Flmhlcirg―s _t- Klrd―s

Oltbg`rlc‐lm` tbg mukfgr ia hrl`ultgs im tbg hrium` wls mi kirg tblm vg# tbg qulcety tblt

klrds tbg emstetuteim ti`ly wls wgcc lpplrgmt im tblt rst hrl`ulteim- Pbg hugst ia bimiur wls

mi cgss tblm tbg premoeplc ia Kl`rls Obrestelm Oiccghg# @r- Ketbrl H Luhustemg- Bg rium`g` iaa 

bes l``rgss wetb lm gkpblses im bipg: –Pbg Obrestelm kemestry es img ia bipg lm` iptekesk lm`

tbg kemestgr kust mgvgr cgt tbg sgg` ia bipg lm` tbg bemt ia l auturg tbrust fg cist em tbg clygrs ia 

VesdDrlklmhlcl <52?+<528

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0?Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 06 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

 P Hremh ix "gx`- 6<:62+?6%

ia t klmy vrsls l`jumot aloucty

tlt lv aletauccy plrtmr` wet

_LELO_ vr t ylrs# t trpy

surcy hs t @r- @etr Dkkcr-

Fhemmemh em <525# ls ok vry

ylr "fut m% t tlo Mw Pstlkmt

lm` brkmuteos- Pes emoe`mt hs

flod t t Drlklmhlcl lys:

Dkkcr l` stly` fem` ark

lttm`emh ouro tes plrteouclr _um`ly

krmemh- b l` wlmt` t tld t

feoyoc t t fldry lm` fuy sk

lts ar t stu`mts- Xm lrrev` flod lt t us# wls

puttemh t feoyoc lwly wm l ow wlm`r` emt t armt ylr`lm` fhlm t mjy Olrc buhtm―s pclmts-

Dkkcr tre` t s t ow flod ut m t t rl`- bwvr#

t ow l` mcy just fhum ets frldalst# lm` wls umlppy lt femh

`esturf`- Cwremh ets l`# et olrh` lt Dkkcr wet ft rms

fclzemh- Dkkcr just lfut klmlh` t turm se`wlys far t

ow oluht ek wet ets rms lm` trw ek up emt t ler# clm`emh

ek emt l wlcc- b suaar` fruess lm` l wum`- bwvr# em

rtrspot# dmws tlt ea l` mt l` t prsmo a kem` t

turm# t lklh wuc` lv fm kuo kr sreus-

@uremh tes tek# m a t yumh stu`mts settemh em ouro sms`

sktemh wls wrmh lm` act t urhmoy t rturm t t us

ekkg`eltgcy- Bg lm` l aregm` lrrevg` em tekg ti m` Dgkkcgr em tbes

setultem lm` ht cp-

X mvr aum` ut wlt lppm` t t lts ark t fldry-

^rlps t ow mjy` tk ls wcc,

" c  ti r  %: @r- Jibm Pblmmeodlc# @r- _umlm` 

_uketrl# @r- Dgm Hmlmldlm# Kr- L J Lmlm`lm#

@r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim 

 3 3 3

oukfgrsikg lm` oimausemh rglcety-‛ Lm` tbgm

bg l``g`# –Bipg kglms l mukfgr ia tbemhs#

lm` img ia tbgsg es tbg lfecety ti wlet- Et emocu`gs

airtetu`g lm` gm`urlmog fgyim` tbg kgrgcy 

rlteimlc-‛

Et lppglrs tblt bes kgsslhg wls ls wgcc+tldgm

fy tbg Emstetutg ls fy tbg hrl`ultemh stu`gmts‐ 

em`gg`# –bipg lm` iptekesk‛ wgrg tbg stlpcg

ia _LELO_ em tbgsg Dirlklmhlcl yglrs- Ls air

–airtetu`g‛‐sbggr oiurlhg‐tbgy oiuc` mit

blvg kivg` ti tbg prgsgmt Ditblmur olkpus

 wetbiut et-

Im 67tb Iotifgr# <527# _LELO_ wls rghestgrg`

em Flmhlcirg ls l rgceheius lm` g`uolteimlc trust-

Cidgm`rl Vli# clwygr lm` pufceo oblrtgrg`

looiumtlmt# bgcpg` tbg tbrgg _LELO_ trustggs

tbriuhb tbg kucte+clygrg` priogss- Xbgm tbgy 

lsdg` bek ti `rlw up l `ioukgmt air tbg

rghestrlteim# Vli sle`# –Dgm Hmlmldlm# yiu

fg tbg oblerklm- Jibm Pblmmeodlc# yiu fg

trglsurgr- Fritbgr Biuhbtim wecc fg wblt wg olcc

tbg klmlhemh trustgg-‛ Pbgsg tbrgg wgrg –tbg

 P PlkecelmOwfy–b cds kr ced l owfy tlm

l kessemlry#‛ Lmetl Lmtmy sle` t

rsca- _ wls slt` lorss t

tlfc ark r prspotev kpcyr#

@r- Hrllk buhm- br lumt slt fy

r se`# emtm`emh t cp r meo ht

t jf- P –owfy‛ em jlms fhlm

t lsd qustems# lm` t emxpremo`

yumh cl`y aum` rsca rplt`cy

omassemh ehmrlmo- P cpauc lumt

plss` r sk queod l`veo em Plkec#

–Pcc ek yu lr l queod clrmr lm`

tlt yu wecc clrm m t jf-‛ buhtm

turmg` bes lttgmteim ti tbg lumt- Em ugmt

 Plkec‐lm` wet l vry str leht alo‐

suhhst` tlt t meo f lccw` t

lmswr ar rsca- P kflrrlsskmt

a t umartumlt lumt olm mcy f

eklhem`- bw wls s t lv dmwm

tlt tes wet klm l` spmt t fttr

plrt a t clst oupc a `ol`s em

Ommle,

Kr- Pgj luc jiemg` _LELO_ ls mlmog iaogr im 8 tb Kly# <528 

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07Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 00 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

Jm _ttt lm` _LELO_

 Lt _LELO_― emoptem# t clt

Vvrm` @r- Jm _ttt# m a t

arkst veos a vlmhceolcesk

em t clst um`r` ylrs# wrt tes

okkm`ltem:

–E lv cmh c` t omveotem#

frm a fsrvltem em klmy plrts a 

t wrc`# tlt t ouro em vry

oiumtry es l rggoteim ia tbg tbgiciheolc

emstetutems wr ets cl`rs lrtrlem`- im a t kst strltheo

`vcpkmts a t clst qulrtr a 

t twmtet omtury es t hrwt a 

vlmhceolc Tpst[hrl`ult tcheolc

`uoltem- E lk trar xtrkcy

tlmdauc ar t _ut Lsel Emstetut a 

 L`vlmo` Orestelm _tu`es# lm` ar ets

pursuet ia gxogccgmog em tbg tbrgg gc`s

a fefceolc tchy# ouctur+smsetev

kessem lm` prsmlc h`cemss-‛

_ttt cltr veset` _LELO_ lt ets prsmt

olkpus em <550-

@r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim wetb 

tbg cltg Vgv- @r- Jibm _titt lm` 

@r- Migc Jlsim 

 3 3 3

ousti`elms ia tbg `rglk- Et wiuc` fg up ti us#‛

Biuhbtim rgkgkfgrs# –ti kldg et oikg trug-‛

Kglmwbecg# tbg prihrlkkg wls wgcc um`gr wly#

stecc iaagremh tbg KPb# usemh lm gaagotevg kex ia 

Em`elm lm` airgehm aloucty- Pbg Biuhbtims wgrg

tbg imcy rgse gmts lm` tbg imcy aucc+tekg gkpciyggs-

 Pbg sglrob fghlm air lm looiumtlmt# l sgorgtlry#

lm` lcc klmmgr ia stlaa emocu`emh sikgimg ti ciid 

latgr tbg fiids‐sikgimg air tbg `iufcg+`iirg`#

tbrgg+sbgcvg`# <7>+vicukg cefrlry- Fgyim` tbgsg

ekkg`eltg mgg`s# tbgy lcsi mgg`g` clm` im wbeob

ti fuec tbgksgcvgs l olkpus-

 Ls et blppgmg`# Biuhbtim wls em l premtgr―s

sbip ir`gremh kltgrelcs air _LELO_ wbgm tbg

 wiklm em oblrhg lsdg` bek ea bg wls ciidemh 

air l mlmog pgrsim- Pldgm lflod# bg lmswgrg`#

–Ugs# E lk-‛ _bg sle` sbg dmgw l ogrtlem Pgj ^luc-

Biuhbtim lsdg` ea bg wls l Dlmml`ehl- Pbes

 wiuc` fg l fimus# semog hivgrmkgmt `ioukgmts

 wiuc` oikg em Dlmml`l# tbg stltg clmhulhg# lm`

_LELO_ mgg`g` sikgimg wbi oiuc` rgl`# wretg#

lm` oikkumeoltg em tblt clmhulhg- Et turmg`

iut tblt Pgj wls l mltevg ia tbg stltg- Bg wls em

trlmseteim lt tbg tekg# lm` Biuhbtim –hrlffg`

bek-‛ –E aium` et ekkgmsgcy prive`gmtelc#‛

Biuhbtim rgkgkfgrs# –tblt wbecg wg wgrg

sglrobemh air clm` wg bl` sikgfi`y wetb us

 wbi spidg tbg ciolc clmhulhg-‛

 Xbgm lsdg` lfiut kgkiregs ia tbes jif# wbeob

bg stlrtg` em <528# Pgj slys# –E bl` l oikkgroelc

jif em looiumtemh# fut ky olcc wls ti kemestry-‛

 Xbgm bg cglrmg` tblt _LELO_ mgg`g` l klm

 wetb bes g`uolteim lm` clmhulhg sdeccs# et agct

rehbt- –Et―s biw Hi` pclms#‛ es tbg wly bg

`gsorefgs et-

 Pbg sgorgtlry―s piseteim wls ccg` fy yiumh 

 Lmetl Lmtbimy- L Oltbiceo# sbg olkg ciidemh 

air l jif# lrkg` wetb l FL lm` sikg sgorgtlrelc

trlememh- Gxpgotg`cy# tbgrg wls sikg rgsestlmog

C Jibmsim Jlhlmml`blk fghlm fy typemh stu`gmts

 lssehmkgmts lm` tbgsgs

 Lmetl "Lmtbimy% Jusel wetb bgr alkecy vesetemh bgr airkgr fiss

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08Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 01 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

@r- L J Lmlm`lm okpct` es KP em

Kessechy wec erotemh Dlrmltldl―s pceo

aro- Ls kv` m up t c lw marokmt

rlmds# bg oimtemug` bes lacelteim wetb# lm`

supprt a# _LELO_- @uremh ts trlmsetems#

pcly` l kljr rc em lt clst m pes` a t

_LELO_ stry-

 Ls Lmlm`lm wls lwlr ` prktems# lt m

stlh wls Emspotr+Hmrlc a ceo em

t Qeheclmo Occ# dmwm ls t Cdlyudtl#

weo wls lm lmte+orruptem umet- _LELO_

tic` bek tblt lm iaoelc arik tbg rgvgmteim ia 

Wmlutbirezg` Oimstruoteim Wmet bl` vesetg` tbg

fuec`emh set lsdemh qustems‐w wm` t

prprty# wr wr t oukmts# w l`

kl` t lpprvlcs# w l` sehm` aa- b

rum`` et aa wet l –Uu ok lm` s k m

Km`ly krmemh lm` fremh lcc yur oukmts-‛

 Pes wls lek` lt t set suprvesr P r

Orestlmlm`lm-

Orestlmlm`lm rprt` t emoe`mt t Pj luc#

tbg _LELO_ mlmog iaogr# lm` ti @r- Hrlblk

buhtm# lm` tm t tre wmt t Lmlm`lm

wet t stry- P es hrlt or`et# Lmlm`lm

cd` buhtm reht em t y lm` lsd`#

–Hrllk# lr lcc ur oukmts em r`r9‛

–Us# ty lr-‛

b tm lsd` Pj lm` Orestlmlm`lm t ok

lhlem m Km`ly krmemh m rut t t

qugsteim+lsdemh iaoelc# wbeob tbg twi ucy e`

m t lppemt` ly- Lmlm`lm smt lcmh wet

tk m a es stlaa-

Xbgm tbgy hit ti tbg iaog ia tbg iaoelc# bg

frusqucy lsd` t s lcc t oukmts- b

systklteolccy aum` aluct wet lo peo a 

plpr- Aemlccy# cdemh up# mteo` t ter`

prsm em t rk# w l` fm stlm`emh vry

quetcy- b lsd`# –X lr yu9 Lr yu t

premoeplc9‛

–―M# E lk mt t premoeplc#‛ t Qeheclmo klm

rgpceg`- –E―k arik Lmlm`lm―s iaog-‛

 Lt tlt pemt t pr klm rlcez` tlt l`

ok plpr+tem ocs t alccemh emt t lm`s a 

t Lmte+Orruptem occ-

 Pj cltr tc` buhtm# –@otr# et wls ls

tuh wls lvemh l lrt lttlod- b wmt

okpctcy wet- b ouc`m―t temd a wlt t

sly- Et sk` ced l wc kemut far

rlo` vr lm` rlmh es fcc- bes pm olk

em# lm` sle`# ‒Fremh sk tl lm` ltlfcs ar

ts hmtckm-―‛

Xet tlt# _LELO_ mvr slw t klm lhlem-

 P fm`s a kutulc supprt omtemu` lorss

t ylrs- Lmlm`lm wls lppemt` t t

_LELO_ Prust lm` cltr folk t @erotr

Hmrlc a ceo ar t stlt a Dlrmltldl-

Cltr# wls cot` Olerprsm a t

_LELO_ Prust- Lmlm`lm rhuclrcy lm` aaotevcy

umte` klmy l furluorlteo dmt ar _LELO_#

lm` wlr`` aa klmy lm ecchlc lttkpt t hlem

ark t mw emstetut―s vcpkmt-

 Lmlm`lm―s quegt `gkglmiur wgcc olkiulhgs

es psetem- imo# wm wls emtr`uo` t

lm vrsls vesetr t _LELO_# t ve setr lsd`

t usulc qustem: –Xlt yu `9‛

–E―k l piceog iaogr#‛ bg rgpceg` wetb bes

oustklry k`sty-

–L- bw klmy pceo lr yu rspmsefc ar9‛

t vesetr omtemu`# quet umprplr` ar t

lmswr-

–Bk…lfiut airty+vg tbiuslm`# E―` sly-‛

iur wm Lmml "blzlr%‐L J Lmlm`lm

01 _LELO_  Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs

arik stu`gmts wbi aium` et blr` ti um`grstlm`

 wby tbg jif kust fg hevgm ti l Oltbiceo rltbgr

tblm ti sikgimg ia tbger iwm strepg em klttgrs

ia aletb- Ls et turmg` iut# Lmetl stlyg` im air

gcgvgm cimh yglrs# tecc sbg klrreg` lm` kivg` im

ti tbg Mgtbgrclm`s- _bg tbrevg` priagsseimlccy#

lm` fgolkg l fgcegvemh Obrestelm- Gvgmtulccy#

 wbgm _LELO_ kivg` ti tbg prgsgmt olkpus#

bgrs wls tbg rst klrrelhg ti fg sicgkmezg`

em tbg mgwcy oimstruotg` Oblpgc ia tbg

Vgsurrgoteim- Olric Biuhbtim gvgm fldg` tbg

tbrgg+tegrg` wg``emh oldg-

Img kirg l``eteim lt tbes tekg wls Jibmsim

 Jlhlmml`blk- Et lppglrs t blt rehbt arik

tbgsg glrcy `lys# _LELO_ emsestg` tblt stu`gmtlssehmkgmts fg sufkettg` typgwrettgm- Jibmsim

 wls tbg g`hcemh oiccg hg―s typest‐bg typg`

up lcc klmusorept lssehmkgmts ia tbg izgm

ir si stu`gmts# `ly latgr `ly lm` ki`ucg latgr

ki`ucg, Et wls l –vgry tergsikg tlsd#‛ bg

oimagssgs- _tecc# bg wiuc` kldg oirrgoteims ti

tbg hrlkklr ls bg tbiuhbt mgogsslry- Xir`

cekets ti gsslys olkg ti fg emstetutg` lt tbes

tekg# pgrblps iut ia oimse`grlteim air tbg

umairtumltg typest-

 Lt tbes tekg# l ogrtlem L J Lmlm`lm lppceg`

air l`kesseim ti tbg KPb prihrlkkg- Bg

emtri`uog` beksgca ls l piceogklm- Biuhbtim

qugsteimg` tbg quegt wiuc`+fg stu`gmt im

 wbgtbgr ir mit bg oiuc` oiir`emltg bes wirdemh 

biurs wetb lol`gkeos-

–E olm i tblt#‛ olkg Lmlm`lm―s olck rgpcy-

_i tbg lppceolteim priogss oikkgmog`- Lmetl

 wls wirdemh wetb Lmlm`lm ti oikpcgtg tbg

plpgr wird# wbgm su``gmcy sbg soiipg` up tbg

`ioukgmts lm` furst emti Biuhbtim―s iaog-

–Ciid,‛ sbg gxoclekg`- –Bg―s mit just l

piceogklm# bg―s tbg @gputy Emspgotir Hgmgrlc ia 

^iceog air tbg stltg ia Dlrmltldl,‛

Ea Lmetl oiuc` blvg ciidg` emti tbg auturg# sbg

 wiuc` blvg fggm gvgm kirg lklzg`- Lmlm`lm

 wiuc` img `ly fgoikg tbg Oblerpgrsim ia tbg

_LELO_ Prust-

Kglmwbecg# arik bes hlrlhg+iaog# Biuhbtimmit imcy dgpt tbg g`hcemh _LELO_ aumoteimemh#

fut oim`uotg` lm emtgmsevg sglrob ia Flmhlcirg

pripgrty air slcg- Pbgy mgg`g` clm`# lm` tbgy 

mgg`g` et miw# tbiuhb tbgy bl` mit gvgm img

rupgg wetb wbeob ti

fuy et sbiuc` tbg clm`

sbiw up- Biw `e` tbg

kimgy blppgm9

Em <527# l aregm` lm`

airkgr IK_ oiccglhug#

Oblrceg _peogr# olkg ti

Em`el air l veset- _peogr

 wls tbgm tbg obega 

gxgoutevg iaogr ia Ivgrsgls Oiumoec# lm IK_

lrk tblt spgoelcezgs em prikitemh lm` le`emh 

tbgiciheolc g`uolteim em tbg kljirety wirc`- Bg

olkg looikplmeg` fy sgvgrlc pgipcg emtgrgstg`

em tbg slkg tbemh- Pbg hriup turmg` up em

Dirlklmhlcl# aucc# ia oiursg# ia qugsteims‐fut

lcsi lsdemh# –Biw olm wg bgcp yiu9‛

Biuhbtim tiid _peogr lm` bes aregm`s iut ti tbg

pripgrty tbgy bipg` ti puroblsg- Et wls aiur+

lm`+l+blca lorgs setultg` im tbg mirtb se`g ia 

Flmhlcirg- Pbgrg wls lm l`jlogmt cit ia img+

lm`+tbrgg+qulrtgr lorgs wbeob tbgy wlmtg` ls

 wgcc# ea et sbiuc` fgoikg lvleclfcg-

Img ia tbisg em tbg hriup wls tbg Lkgreolm

Vimmeg ^lrdgr- Bg bl` oikg ti Em`el# wbecg

hregvemh ivgr tbg rgogmt pclmg+orlsb `gltb ia 

bes altbgr- Latgr lsdemh tbg `rglkgrs gm`cgss

qugsteims lfiut tbg purpisg ia tbg Emstetutg# bg

`goe`g` tbes wiuc` fg l ttemh kgkirelc air bes

altbgr# Ocy`g ^lrdgr- Pbger emtgrgst rgsuctg` em l

 vgry sehmeolmt heat‐gmiuhb ti fuy clm`# ply 

tlx# lm` fuec` tbg l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh tblt

miw lmobirs tbg sprgl`emh olkpus-

 Xegmreob _oblafruod ia Becag aór Fr ó`gr#

Hgrklmy# sgmt l heat `gsehmltg` air tbg

ipgrlteimlc fu`hgt- @uremh tbg glrcy stlhgs ia 

oimstruoteim# Fruog _ketb# l Mgw Zglclm`gr#

 vesetg` wbecg em Em`el im fusemgss- Bg wls

laceltg` wetb tbg Olcgf Prust# wbeob kljirg`

em Dewe oblretegs# lm` kl`g l sehmeolmt

oimtrefuteim ti tbg _LELO_ `rglk-

 Pbgm# tbgrg wls tbg Lustrlcelm Viff Dgrr#

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05Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 02 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

lmitbgr aregm` ia _peogr- Latgr fgemh bistg` fy 

tbg Biuhbtims# bg sle` bg wiuc` cedg ti cglvg

l cettcg heat- Pbes turmg` iut ti fg lmytbemh fut

–cettcg‛‐lm` kirg olkg cltgr-

 Pbg mlkgs ia tbgsg lm` lcc itbgr `imirs lppglr

mgetbgr ivgr tbg gmtrlmogs mir im tbg `g`eolteim

pclqugs im tbg fuec`emhs tbgy bgcpg` grgot- Pbg

fuec`emhs lrg `g`eoltg`# ls tbg pclqug ia tbg

Emstetutg Fuec`emh rgl`s# ti –tbg hciry ia Hi`‛

rltbgr tblm ti buklm hciry‐l piceoy aicciwg`

arik tbg fghemmemh- Pi gkpblsezg tbes piceoy#

Biuhbtim wlrmg` tblt –ea yiu gvgr put up l

stltug ia kg wetb ky blm` em tbg ler‛‐bg bl`

sggm pcgmty ia tbisg‐–E―cc oikg flod em tbg

`lrd lm` rgkivg et-‛ Fut# wg lrg hgttemh lbgl`

ia tbg stiry- Cgt us rgturm ti tbg clm` ls et wls

 wbgm _LELO_ rst sgt gygs im et-

Et wls flrg# `ry clm`- Pbertggm decikgtrgs

iut im tbg g`hgs ia Flmhlcirg# et cly lkimh 

alrks- Orips hrgw em gvgry `ergoteim# wetb mi

biusgs em vegw- Fgyim` tbg gc`s wls l remh ia 

sklcc vecclhgs# tbg ocisgst fgemh Ditblmur- Et

 wls sikgtbemh ia l kystgry ti kist ia tbisg

 wltobemh tbgsg `gvgcipkgmts tblt _LELO_

sbiuc` emvgst em tbes pripgrty iut em tbg flod 

ia fgyim`- Biwgvgr# tbgrg wls kgtbi` e m tbg

lpplrgmt kl`mgss-

 Pbes Ditblmur setg wls kirg laair`lfcg tblm

pripgrty em tbg bglrt ia tbg oety- Aurtbgr# tbiuhb

et wls im tbg iutsderts# surpresemhcy et wls mit

lhreoucturlc clm`- Lhreoucturlc clm`# fy clw#

olmmit fg fuect im- Pbes pegog ia pripgr ty bl`

fggm cghlccy –oimvgrtg`‛ emti urflm clm` ls alr

flod ls <515# fy tbg iwmgr- Pbes wls l ogrtlem

_ Dresbmlkurtby# lm lyurvg`eo  iotir wbi wlmtg`

ti fuec` lm lyurvg`eo bispetlc im et- Xbgm tblt

`e` mit wird# bg `eve`g` et up lm` lttgkptg`

@r- Jibm Iswlct# IP priagssir 

@g`eolteim ia tbg mgw clm`# miw _LELO_

olkpus‐<528 

333

Kr- Fruog _ketb lm` @r- E eobgrel Memlm @r- Vifgrt Oicgklm# priagssir lm` hrl ult eim spgldgr 

^rgsgmtlteim rlwemhs fy @lves @gsehm Hriup- Kr- @lves Kisgs bls fggm 

_LELO_― gsehmgr lm` lrobetgot gxtrlir`emlerg semog <528 ti sgcc et pegogkglc ls gcgvgm biusemh pcits wetb umgxpgotg` ki`gsty air lm Em`elm ia l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh tbg ipgm aiygr lm`

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7<Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 7> _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

h

7> _LELO_  Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs

ti sgcc et pegogkglc ls gcgvgm biusemh pcits#

 wetb mi suoogss- Ls Biuhbtim `goclrgs# –Et wls

settemh tbgrg wletemh air us ti turm up,‛ Xetbiut

blvemh ti frefg lmyfi`y em tbg hivgrmkgmt

air –oimvgrseim#‛ _LELO_ oiuc` stlrt fuec`emh 

strlehbtlwly-

 Pbg _LELO_ trustggs lhrgg` ti rghestgr tbg clm`

em tbg mlkg ia tbg _LELO_ Prust- Pbg clm`

fgolkg _LELO_― em Kly# <528-

Mgxt# wls tbg klttgr ia kldemh fuec`emh 

pclms- Biuhbtim bl` l `rglk air tbg _LELO_

olkpus‐img wbeob oimvgyg` l spgoeo –speret

ia pclog-‛ –Hrium`s lm` fuec`emhs# emse`g lm`

iut# lrg ekpirtlmt#‛ bg wiuc` sly- –Pbgy lrg l

secgmt# kltgrelc wetmgss ti tbg dem` ia pclog et es-

 Pbgy prive`g l piwgrauc stltgkgmt-‛ _LELO_#

em ir`gr ti aucc ets purpisg# kust fg fgluteauc

ls wgcc ls lol`gkeolccy rgspgotlfcg- Pbes kglmt

m`emh tbg rehbt lrobetgot-

 Jlkgs Hlklcegc# img ia tbg l`jumot priagssirs

lm` airkgrcy premoeplc ia l tbgiciheolc oiccghg

beksgca# lttgm`g` tbg slkg oburob ls `e` l

ogrtlem @lves Kisgs- Img `ly# Hlklcegc lsdg`

Kisgs wblt bg `e` air l cevemh-

–E―k lm lrobetgot#‛ Kisgs lmswgrg`-

–Ib,‛ Hlklcegc gxoclekg`- –Iur premoeplc

es ciidemh air lm lrobetgot,‛ Bg prikptcy 

lrrlmhg` air Kisgs ti kggt Biuhbtim- Cltgr#

Biuhbtim wiuc` cgt et fg dmiwm tblt bes rst

ekprgsseim ia Kisgs wls l pisetevg img‐ 

 wetb umgxpgotg` ki`gsty air lm Em`elm ia 

bes piseteim# tbg lrobetgot lrrevg` im l feoyocg-

 Pbg twi `esoivgrg` tblt tbgy wgrg mgehbfiurs#

fitb rgse`gmts ia Dirlklmhlcl- Kisgs bl`

cevg` lfril` air aiurtggm yglrs# prloteoemh bes

priagsseim- Xbecg em Mehgrel# `gsehmemh umevgrsety 

olkpusgs fgolkg bes spgoelcty-

 Xbgm Biuhbtim suhhgstg` tblt tbg Emstetutg―s

l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh sbiuc` fg fuect rst#

lcimh wetb tbg premoeplc―s rgse`gmog l`jlogmt#

Kisgs tbiuhbt `eaagrgmtcy-

–Cgt―s ciid lt tbg klstgr pclm#‛ bg suhhgstg`-

–Xblt es l klstgr pclm9‛ Biuhbtim wlmtg` ti

dmiw-

Kisgs oiuc` sgg tblt sikg gxpclememh wls

mgg`g` fgairg tbgy oiuc` priogg` aurtbgr- –E olcc

et ‒fcug sdy tbemdemh#―‛ bg rgpceg`- –Xg mgg` ti

`rglk lfiut tbg olkpus ls l wbicg- Xblt itbgr

fuec`emhs `i yiu wlmt9 Xbgrg sbiuc` tbgy fg

fuect9‛

 Pbg twi kgm fghlm ti tlcd lfiut rgse`gmog

blccs# l cefrlry# l stu`gmt ogmtrg wetb l `ememh 

riik# aloucty bikgs# lm` Biuhbtim―s `gserg ti

`g`eoltg sikg splog ti l clrhg# hrggm clwm wetbem

l qul`rlmhcg ia klem fuec`emhs-

Biuhbtim lsdg` Kisgs ti `i sikg `rlwemhs

ti eccustrltg wblt bg gmveseimg` air _LELO_-

Cltgr wbgm bg slw tbgsg# bg dmgw tbgy wgrg

im tbg slkg wlvgcgmhtb- –Bes setg pclm sic`

kg#‛ bg slys- Ls bg emspgotg` tbg `gsehm air tbg

l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh‐tbg ipgm aiygr lm`

vgrlm`lb # tbg ourvg` obljjl ir ivgrblmh ia tbg

riia# lm` tbg hrlogauc stlerolsg‐bg dmgw bg bl`

aium` sikgimg wbi um`grstii` tbg –speret ia 

pclog-‛ Bg iaagrg` Kisgs tbg jif-

Em tbg Dirlklmhlcl hlrlhg+iaogs# Lmetl

rgogevg` l surpresg- Img `ly# Biuhbtim olkg em

 wetb sikg fcug premts um`gr bes lrk- Bg riccg`

tbgk iut im bgr tlfcg lm` fghlm tlcdemh lfiut

–aiur lorgs ia clm` lm` feh pclms-‛ Lmetl cestgmg`

pltegmtcy- –Biwgvgr# E tic` kysgca tblt tbg h ii`

ic` `iotir wls l fet ia l `rglkgr- E wls tiuobg`

fy bes gmtbuselsk lm` aletb em Hi`‐fut E

`e` mit rglccy fgcegvg et wiuc` lcc blppgm-‛ Em

rgtrispgot# sbg slys rugauccy# –Xgcc# ea lmyimg bls

ti glt tbger wir`s# et es kg-‛

<528‐Krs Biuhbtim lm` Plbe vgmturemh im tbg

rst pegog ia um`gvgcipg` clm` im wbeob _LELO_

stlm`s ti`ly 

_tu`gmts pclmtemh trggs

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7?Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 76 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

_tu`gmts pclmtemh trggs 

333

     3     3     3

rehbt :  Klrreg` stu`gmt lplrtkgmt fciods im tbg ‒mgw clm`― 

cgat : Hrium`+frgldemh air OGI Ogmtrg 

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0OistDtlmur <522+<550

^biti OL^tEim

Pbg oimstruoteim wirdgrs olccg` bek tbg –ukfrgccl klm-‛ Pbgi`irg Obrestlmlm`lm wls

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Emuk lces lset vicuptls quelgre squelt- Agrspgrri iptlsek sgmgt- Etlte sgqug rgstees gfetefus gis klhmek 

ve`umt lfir sicirel spgcclf irgrupt lqulgrei- Wmteumt- Prgterg` lm` em bes sextegs wbgm @r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim berg` bek ti fg tbg setg supgrvesir-

Obrestlmlm`lm lhrgg` ti hevg _LELO_ aty pgr ogmt ia bes tekg# lm` l klxekuk ia l

yglr- Bg wesbg` ti `gvitg tbg itbgr aty ti tbg Em`elm Gvlmhgceolc Kesseim "EGK%- Im tbg `ly 

bg rst rgpirtg` ti tbg setg# tbg aium`lteim ia tbg rst fuec`emh wls fgemh cle`‐tbg Emstetutg

Fuec`emh- Et wls# ls bg `gsorefgs et em Dlmml`l# l`bvlml , Ciisgcy trlmscltg`# et wls –ltrioeius,‛ Pbg

 wirdgrs wgrg clyemh tb g oiursgs ia stimg gxlotcy im ti p ia 

glob itbgr# wetbiut lctgrmltemh tbg stimgs em tbg riws ls l

freodclygr wiuc` `i‐l surg rgoepg air l sbldy aium`lteim-

Bg olccg` iaa bes oikketkgmt ti EGK# fiuhbt beksgca l

stur`y ukfrgccl# lm` stlyg` im air tbg mgxt tgm yglrs-

Ea tbgrg wls mit lm emob ia sbl`g iutse`g tblt ukfrgccl# et

 wls fgolusg tbg se tg bl` mit l semhcg tr gg im et- Pbg clm`

 wls ls `ry ls l fim g- Pbus# tbg rst tls d fgairg lmy fuec`em h 

oiuc` stlrt bl` fggm ti firg l wgcc-

Em <522# Pgj ^luc lm` Biuhbtim tiid tbgksgcvgs ti tbg

iaogs ia tbg Hgiciheolc _urvgy ia Em`el ti rgqugst l

survgy ia tbg clm`# si ls ti e`gmteay l spit air tbg firg+

 wgcc- Blvemh ple` tbg pre mogcy suk ia tgm rupggs air tbes

sgrveog# tbgy tiid flod wetb tbgk lm gc`grcy hgmtcgklm wbi

oclekg` tbrgg `gol`gs ia gxpgre gmog em tbg gc`- Im tbg

jiurmgy# sikgwblt cedg Esllo lsdemh Lfrlblk wbgrg tbg

 wii` air tbg sloreo g wls# Biuhbtim dgpt gmque remh wbgrg

tbg hgicihest―s gquepkgmt wls- Pbg hgicihest `e` mit quetg

sly# –Pbg CIV@ wecc prive`g#‛ fut sikgtbemh ocisg- Bg sle`

bg `e` survgys fy ifsgrvlteim lcimg- Wm`grstlm`lfcy# tbes

kl`g Biuhbtim lmxeius-

 Lt tbg setg# tbg ic` k lm tiid l ciid lt tbg cly ia tbg clm`# lm` e`gmteg` t wi pitgmtelc spits em

tbg lrgl wbgrg cltgr tbg premoeplc―s biusg wiuc` fg fuect- Bg gvgm prg`eotg` sikg twi tbiuslm`

hlccims pgr biur- Biuhbtim wls miteoglfcy cgss tblm gmtbuselsteo- Pgj agct sekeclrcy-

OistDtlmur <522+<550

_l`w ^cly

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75Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 72 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

_l`w ^cly Qem` ^ltec lm` P`r Orestlmlm`lm

kgt fregy wbecg fgemh emtgrvegwg` air

tbes fiid- Pbg rst tbemh tbgy rgolccg`‐

h`+mltur`cy‐wls ter omstlmt

feodgremh- Kirg tblm atggm yglrs blvg

plss` semo ty wrd` thtr- ivr

l `ol` a fuec`emh lotevety# ^ltec wls t

set mhemr rprtemh t t omtrlotr#

wec Orestlmlm`lm wls t suprvesr

rprsmtemh @r- Hrllk buhtm- P

arkr―s jf wls t msur tlt t osts

wr dpt `wm- P clttr wls kpcy`

t msur tlt t qulcety `e` mt suaar- Et es

lsy t s wy ty feodr`-

 Py cluh` thtr wm ty rolcc`m plrteouclr summy `ly- Orestlmlm`lm

wls frltemh t wrdrs ar femh clx

lfut prprtems ar t omort- Emstl`

a t <:6:0 ar t okmt# slm` lm`

hrlvc# ty l` sufstetut` sk a t

okmt wet slm`- Orestlmlm`lm mcy l`

t cd lt t ocur a t kex ar et t alec

qulcety omtrc-

 Ls urh` t wr drs t l`` em okmt#

rlcez` tlt ^ltec wls stlm`emh fem`

bek- Xetbiut turmemh lrium`# bg hurg`

tlt ^ltec wls kldemh vehrus lm`

sehmlcs t t wrdrs t h lsy m

t okmt- bw `e` dmw9 P sum

fem` olst ^ltec―s lmeklt` sl`w mt

t wlcc far Orestlmlm`lm# hevemh t

mhemr lwly-

 L kimtb cltgr# @r- Jibm Pb lmmeodlc friuhbt

lcimh l wgcc+firemh tglk- Just ls tbgy wgrg

lfiut ti stlrt `ehhemh# Pblmmeodlc lsdg` tbgk

ti wlet- _trgtobemh iut bes blm` ivgr tbg spit#

bg prlyg`- Pgj oimagssgs bg wls mit lt tbes

gvgmt- _dgpteolc lfiut tbg iutoikg ia tbg

gmtgrpresg# bg wls –tii solrg`‛ ti plrteoepltg-

 Latgr cgss tblm l `ly ia `re ccemh# tbg `reccg rs bet

 wltgr lt l kgrg 60> aggt- Pr y ls tbgy kehbt#

tbgy oiuc` mit hi kirg tblm tgm aggt fgyim`

tbes fgolusg tbg wltgr ivgrwbgckg` tbg reh 

 wetb ets airog ia ‐mit twi# fut‐  aiur tbiuslm`

hlccims pgr biur- Latgrwlr`s# tbg mgehbfiuremh 

 vecclhgrs rgklr dg` tblt –Hi`―s wltgr‛ iwg`

iut arik tbg wgcc emti tbg l`jlogmt hrivg ia 

trggs# –cedg l revgr-‛ _birt im wltgr tbgksgcvgs#

tbgy lttgkptg` l oiupcg ia firg+wgccs loriss

tbg agmog# cgss tblm tberty aggt arik tbg _LELO_

img- Mimg ia tbgk suoogg`g`-

Air tbg mgxt atggm yglrs# wbecg l scgw ia 

fuec`emhs olkg up im tbg setg# tbes semhcg firg+wgcc

hlvg l pcgmteauc suppcy- Em l``eteim ti prive`emh 

air tbg fuec`emh wird# et suppceg` tbg oikkumety―s

mgg`s air argsb wltgr- Pbes emocu`g` hriwemh tblt

gxplmsevg rgotlmhcg ia hrlss# _LELO_― sehmlturg‐ 

 wbeob miw hgts imcy l rgoyocg` sufstetutg- Lt

tbes tekg Qemi` ltec wls tbg setg gmhemggr#

oimtgkpirlmgius wetb tbg –ukfrgccl klm-‛ Bg

fgoikgs cyreolc wbgm bg rgolccs tbes wgcc- Bg slys

et turmg` –l flrrgm clm` emti _wetzgrclm`‛‐ l

pclog ls hrggm ls lm lcpemg kgl`iw-

Em tbg sgvgm yglrs ia oimstruoteim tblt

aicciwg`# fuec`emhs olkg up tbeod lm`

alst- Em ir`gr ia lppglrlmog tbgy wgrg: tbg

l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh# miw olccg` tbg Emstetutg

Fuec`emh4 Fgtblmy# tbg premoeplc―s biusg lm`

ets twem# Fesbip Bgfgr Biusg4 em prixekety ti

tbgsg# rgse`gmtelc fciods air stu`gmts4 Pym`lcg

lm` Klog`imel# kglmt ls aloucty biusemh4 tbg

Pbg premoeplc―s biusg lm` tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh wgrg tbg rst ti fg oimstruotg` 

P Xlsrk

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1<Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 1> _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

Pbg wggdcy setg kggtemh

 P Xlsrk Plt Esm―t Pr

Xbecg `esoussemh pclms air tbg

clyiut ia tbg l`kemestrltevg iaogs#

lrobetgot @lves Kisgs lsdg` wbgrg

@r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim wiuc` cedg

tbg premoeplc―s prevltg wlsbriik-

Biuhbtim ariwmg`- –Xblt air9‛ bg

wlmtg` ti dmiw-

–Pbes es usulccy emocu`g` em tbg

gxgoutevg suetg#‛ tbg lrobetgot

rgpceg`-

Biuhbtim stippg` tbgoimvgrslteim wetb# –Pbgrg―s l

kgm―s tiecgt `iwm tbg oirre`ir# esm―t

tbgrg9‛

_etg gmhemggr Qemi` ^ltec rgolccs

Biuhbtim `esoussemh tbes wetb bek

cltgr- –Kimgy `igsm―t alcc arik tbg

sdy# ^ltec#‛ Biuhbtim sle`# lm`

wgmt im ti gxpclem tblt usemh tbg

oikkim tiecgt wiuc` hevg bek tbg

l``g` l`vlmtlhg ia emspgotemh et

air ocglmcemgss gvgry `ly-

1> _LELO_  Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs

`ememh oikpcgx dmiwm ls tbg Oikkims4 tbg

Kgm―s Vgse`gmog Blcc4 tbg Cefrlry4 lmitbgr

rgse`gmtelc fciod lcimhse`g tbg prgveius imgs4

lm` mlccy# tbg Oblpgc ia tbg Vgsurrgoteim-

tg Eseug Fuec`eh "<525%

Oimstruoteim ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh lm`

Fgtblmy fghlm em <522# wetb tbg airkgr

setultg` wbgrg Biuhbtim bl` suhhgstg`# lm`

tbg clttgr lt tbg itbgr gm` ia tbg pripgrty- Pbg

oimtrlotir wls Dgsblvl Kurtby# wbisg sgrveogs

oimtemug` air ivgr l `gol`g- Et kly fg ia 

emtgrgst tblt tbg oist ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh 

 wls ?2-1 cldbs "W_@ 88#6>>%‐tbg oist ia l

ki`gst lt miwl`lys-

 Pbes es tbg fuec`emh tblt fgst sbiws iaa tbg

oimugmog ia Em`elm lrobetgoturlc trl`eteims-

_tlm`emh loriss tbg clwm# tbg vegwgr wecc

lpprgoeltg tblt ets ogmtrlc sgoteim es rgkemesogmt

ia tbg rltbl ir tgkpcg oblreit- Pbg arimt ia 

tbg oblreit pritru`gs arik tbg klem fuec`emh#

lm` tbg fi`y es tippg` fy tbg <2+aiit `elkgtgr

`ikg ir tbg hipurl - Pbg rltbl gaagot es kglmt

ti oimvgy l `ymlkeo# oimtemuius airwlr`

kivgkgmt‐l mg stltgkgmt ia tbg gtbis ia 

tbg emstetuteim- Wsemh tbes hipurl tippg` wetb

tbg oriss# @lves Kisgs `gsehmg` tbg cihi ia tbg

emstetuteim- Pbg stycezg` hrlpbeo rgolccs Esclkeo

lrobetgoturg# ia wbeob tbg aiolc piemt es iatgm tbg

 hukflz ir `ikg- Em l oety tblt wls imog rucg` fy 

 Pepu _uctlm# tbg _LELO_ `ikg es oikairtlfcy lt

bikg-

 Lcsi lt bikg em l oety tblt looikki`ltg` l

Fretesb olmtimkgmt lrg tbg pecclrg` vgrlm`lbs lm`

tbg tgrrloittl tecg ocl``emh im tbg gxtgreir wlccs-

Kisgs tbiuhbt tbg gxpisg` freod gaagot ia tbg

tgrrloittl rgolccg` tbg umevgrsetegs ia Gmhclm`#

lm` tbus# wgcc suetg` tbes lol`gkeo emstetuteim-

 Xblt wls lobegvg` lrobetgoturlccy wls lm Em`elm

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1?Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 16 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

Obrestelm e`gmtety tblt sekuctlmgiuscy flclmog`

lgstbgteos wetb oimtgxtulc rgcgvlmog- Biuhbtim

bl` mgvgr wlmtg` –sikgtbemh tblt ciids cedg et

 wls peodg` up em Olceairmel fy l bgceoiptgr lm`

`ukpg` `iwm bgrg-‛ Im tbg itbgr blm`# bg wls

 wlry ia gm`emh up wetb sikgtbemh cedg Kl`urle―s

Kggmldsbe diec # oikpcgtg wetb tegrs ia e`ics- Bg

 wls mit `eslppiemtg`- Kisgs aium` tbg hic`gm

kglm-

Im 6>tb Jlmulry# <525# tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh 

 wls oikpcgtg`# wetb ia ogs im tbg hriu m`

iir lm` oclssriiks im tbg rst- Et wls

mesbg` em gehbt kimtbs# twi kimtbs lbgl` ia 

sobg`ucg- Pbg pclqug sgts iut ets purpisg em l

agw sekpcg wir`s: –Pbes fuec`emh wls `g`eoltg`

ti tbg hciry ia Hi` lm` tbg trlememh ia kgm

lm` wikgm air Obrestelm kemestry-‛

Em Klrob# <525# _LELO_ kivg` iut ia tbg

rgmtg` biusgs em Dirlklmhlcl lm` emti ets

Ditblmur olkpus- Aeatggm stu`gmts olkg

lcimh ls wgcc# lctbiuhb tbes wls mit em tbg

irehemlc pclm- Pbg Biuhbtims bl` tbiuhbt ti

iooupy tbg just fuect Fgtblmy Biusg# lm` dggp

oikkutemh flod lm` airtb fgtwggm Ditblmur

lm` Dirlklmhlcl tecc tbg lplrtkgmt fciods wgrg

fuect lm` tbg stu`gmts oiuc` kivg emti tbger

iwm qulrtgrs- Ls et turmg` iut# tbg stu`gmts

 wlmtg` ti fg plrt ia tbg peimggremh gaa irt#

emocu`emh tbg tbrgg cl`egs# tbg rst wikgm ti fg

gmriccg`- Aurtbgr# tbg rgmt slvg` fy kivemh iut

ia Dirlklmhlcl olkg em bgcpauc lt l tekg wbgm

_LELO_ wls oiumtemh gvgry  plesl -

 Lcc tbg aurm eturg wls kivg` fy img sklc c

truod kldemh aiur treps- Pbg kgm# emocu`emh 

Biuhbtim# `e` lcc tbg ceatemh lm` sbeatemh- Mi

berg` bgcp wls usg`-

 Pbg tbrgg wikgm bl` t bger riik im tbg

hrium` iir ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh# mgxt

ti tbg cl`egs― rgstriik- Pbg kgm stu`gmts

 wgrg biusg`# `ir ketiry stycg# e m wblt lrg miw 

oclssriiks im tbg uppgr iir-

 Lt rst# tbg cef rlry wls looikki`ltg ` im tbg

rst iir- Xbgm tbg gmhemggr aium` iut# bg

 wls birreg`‐tbg rst iir wls mit e mtgm`g`

ti bic` tbes dem` ia wgehbt- _i# tbg cefrlry 

kivg` ti tbg hrium` iir im tbg ippisetg gm`

ia tbg fuec`emh arik tbg hercs― riik-

 Pbgm# ls miw# tbg `ikg looikki`ltg` l ce ttcg

oerouclr prlygr riik# tbg Aesbgrkgm―s Oblpgc-

 Pbg oriss ltip e t wls irehemlccy l s klcc wii`gm

img tecc et wls rgpclog` fy tbg prgsgmt clrhgr

mgim img- Et fclzgs gtbgrglc fcug lhlemst tbg

mehbt sdy# l `goclrlteim ia aletb fy freod lm`

kirtlr- Kgtlpbireolccy spgldemh# –tbg vgry 

stimgs…ory iut‛,

tg Gs

 Xetb tbg Emstetut g Fuec`emh `img# l plttgr m agcc

emti pclog- Pbg oirg tglk wiuc` kggt gvgry 

 Xg`mgs`ly air rgpirtemh lm` p clmmemh- Pbg

aiygr ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh sgrvg` ls ets

oimagrgmog vgmug- Xird fghlm prikptcy lt

2 lk gvgry kirmemh lm` mesbg` lt 1 pk# ir 

sikgtekgs 8 pk im cimh sukkgr `lys-

Air gvgry mgw fuec`emh# tbg kltgrelc wiuc` fg

priourg` lm` stiodg` wgcc lbgl` ia ets usg-

 Pbg ocly tecgs air tbg wlcc ocl``emh lm` r iias

 wgrg friuhbt em a rik Dgrlcl fgolusg tbgy wgrg

ia fgttgr qulcety# fgttgr rg`# lm` tbus# kirg

`urlfcg- Pbg iiremh stimg air tbg aiygr lm`

vgrlm`lbs olkg arik tbg wgcc+dmiwm qulrregs ia 

Ou``lplb em Lm`brl ^rl`gsb# lm` cltgr arik

Ditl em Vljlstblm- Xetb Obrestlmlm`lm dggpemh 

 wltob cedg l blwd# tbgrg wls mi oikprikesg

im qulcety- Lt cglst imog# bg oluteimg` tblt l

plrteouclr cil` ia freods wls ia piir qulcety#

Qegw ciidemh Mirtb arik Fgtblmy biusg Blm`+bgwm hrlmetg fgemh olrreg` ti tbg setg

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17Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 10 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

lm` surg gmiuhb# tbgy `essicvg` em tbg rlem

fgairg tbgy oiuc` fg usg`-

^lykgmts wgrg prikpt lm` oirrgot `iwm ti

tbg clst plesl - Air tbisg rgspimsefcg air dggpemh 

tbg olsb iwemh# tbg setulteim `gklm`g` tblt

gvgry frg ia aletb fg gxgroesg`# lm` tblt gvgry 

iumog ia oiurlhg fg friuhbt emti loteim-

Biuhbtim―s tgstekimy ia bes weag `gkimstrltgs

tbes: –E kust sly tblt Olric mgvgr wlvgrg`- _bg

mgvgr wlmtg` ti hi bikg# lm` sbg `e`m―t obidg

im et wbgm E tic` bgr img `ly# ‒Lcc wg mgg` es

l kecceim `icclrs-― _bg `e`m―t gvgm sly# ‒Uiu―rg

fgemh seccy-―‛

 Pbg oimstru oteim wirdgrs wgrg mit imcy ple`#

fut wgcc olrg` air- Obrestlmlm`lm rgolccs tblt

sikg i``s lm` gm`s ia fuec`emh kltgrelc‐ 

emocu`emh l `esusg` wem`iw‐wgrg put tihgtbgr

ti fuec` l cettcg pclog air img ia tbg mgg`y 

 wikgm im bgr sklcc peg og ia c lm`- Air lmitbgr

 wirdgr wbi bl` lstbkl# tbg –u kfrgccl klm‛

friuhbt kg`eoemgs arik bes weag# wbi bl`

tbg slkg leckgmt- L tber` img bl` l weag wetb

l prifcgk ia `gkim+pissgsseim- Bg bl`

bes plstir `gcevgr bgr# lm` tbgy sufsgqugmtcy 

fgolkg Obrestelms-

 Pbg prloteog em Em `el es tblt latgr gvgr y riia+

clyemh# wbeob es l wbicg `ly―s clfiur ia hr iup

gaairt# tbg wirdgrs blvg l oikkumety kglc- Lt

rst# tbgy kl`g tbger iwm lrrlmhgkgmts air et-

Biuhbtim mitg` tbg prloteog# lm` iaagrg` tbg

kglc im tbg biusg- Air tbger plrt# tbg wirdgrs

rgspim`g` fy mit puttemh up tbg oustiklry 

gahegs im tbg fuec`emhs um`gr oimstruoteim ti

 wlr` iaa tbg –gvec gyg-‛ Pbg Obr estelms lssur g`

tbgk tblt Hi` wiuc` pritgot fitb tbgk lm`

tbg fuec`emhs- Ivgr tbg cimh yglrs ia fuec`emh#

imcy twi wirdkgm suaagrg` looe`gmts# lm` gvgm

tbisg wgrg kemir-

_ehmeolmtcy# sgvgrlc ia tbg oimstruotei m

P Okkms‐ets Ods

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18Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 11 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

 P Okkms ets Odslm` Outcts–Xg rgkgkfgr tbg sb wg ltg em Ghypt lt mi oist‐lcsi tbg ououk+

frs# kcms# cds# mems lm` hlrceo‛ "Muk- <<:7%-

 P Okkms ortlemcy s mt srv fremh klmml vry `ly# fut

ts w lv fm em _LELO_ cmh muh rolcc‐wet wltremh

kuts‐`ess tlt lv eslpplr` ark t kmu ls t mukfrs

hrw-

–X wuc` lv klt gvgry `ly#‛ mtuss m a t oclmemh cl`es#

–umced mw-‛ P klt turm` up m t tlfcs em sorukpteus lvltlrs 

suo ls dgflfs# outcts lm` are` ops-

Em ts lys t wc okkumety mt mcy lt emmr thtr m

Are`ly mehts# ls w mw# fut lcs hltr` ar cumo m Pus`lys-

Xetut alec# l ssrt lookplme` ts okkumlc klcs- Hy plylslk# skteks a reo lm` skteks a  sgkeyl# wet olsw+

muts lm` rlesems kroecsscy rwm` em et-

blrdemh aurtr flod# emrs rolcc Kectm t oa―s olrlkc oustlr`-

 Pbes wls tbg Kectim wbi kl`g tbg rst oimtrefuteim ti tbg fuec`emh ia 

t Cefrlry- Kuo ced t we`w a Jsus― ly# weccemhcy aar` tw

rups- Klyf t Cefrlry suc` omse`r scvemh l odfd r tw

em es mur-

im tr ssrt tlt ls vlmes` es t ooclt old Keolc

us` t fld ar Are`ly mehts# t f ltm lt cesur latr occ hrup

lotevety wls m# lm` wls` wm wet l oup a t oaa-

Em cltr ylrs tr wls l ourry kl` a hrms# tlt wmt wm`rauccy

wcc wet ft oblppltes lm` reo- Et mvr alec` t kv aloucty kk+

fr @r- Orestpr Hmlmldlm t try ut es qustem m umsuspotemh

mwokrs: –@ yu dmw tlt w ht tes hrm ourry vry tek t

clwm es kw`9‛

 wirdgrs stlyg` im latgr tbg fuec`emh pblsg wls `img# lm` lrg plrt ia tbg

sgrveogs stlaa ti`ly- Pbgy rgolcc tbg ic` tekgs wetb l cluhb lfiut img ia 

tbg hlr`gmgrs# Bimmlppl Blmuklmtblppl# wbi bl` l flfy l``g` ti bes

alkecy wetb gvgry fuec`emh tblt olkg up,

Aicciwemh tbg gxlkpcg ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh‐lm` sehmeolmtcy 

air l prijgot em Em`el‐gvgry fuec`emh em tbes pblsg wls oikpcgtg` im

sobg`ucg- Xblt es kirg# tbg gstekltg lm` tbg mlc oists mglrcy lcwlys

kltobg`-

 Pbg hrgltgst oikpcekgmt ti tbg g tbis ia tbgsg sgvgm yglrs pgrblps

oikgs arik setg gmhemggr ^ltec# l Bem`u- Pi gxprgss biw pcglsurlfcg

bg aium` bes `lecy tlsd# tbg wird gtbeo lm` tbg sgmsg ia oikkumety# bg

usgs l pbrlsg arik bes wirc`vegw- Et kust fg bes  piirvl jlmkl`l pumyl # bg

slys‐org`et arik l prgveius ceag tblt bg gmjiys em tbes rgemolrmlteim,

tg Okks "<55<%

 Lt tbes tekg# tbg detobgm ipgrltg` arik wblt bl` fggm fuect ls l s tirlhg

sbg`# mglr tbg arimt hltg- Xetb ets lsfgstis riia# et wls rltbgr preketevg‐ 

lm` ogrtlemcy vgry tgkpirlry- Biw tgkpirlry et wls wls `gkimstrltg`

tblt rst yglr- Img kirmemh# ls tbg stu`gmts wletg` fgtwggm oclssgs

air tbg oiid ti fremh tbger oiaagg ivgr arik tbes detobgm# l biwcemh 

 wem` ceatg` tbg wbicg riia iaa tb g sbg`- Gvgm ls tbgy wltobg` em

oimstgrmlteim# tbg riia slecg` tbriuhb tbg ler lm` kl`g l cgss+tblm+

hrlogauc clm`emh- Pbgrg es mi emairklteim lvleclfcg im wblt wls sgrvg`

air cumob tblt `ly,

Et kust blvg fggm wetb rgcega tblt tbg fuec`emh dmiwm ls tbg Oikkims

 P Kehty Kuctepurps Kltl`r

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Em t lys far t prsmt wet keme+fus#

tr wls l feh+ocur` vlm# l Kltl`r-

 Pj ^luc aum l `revr ar t vlm- Qejly

rkkfrs Pj okemh t es us lm` wretemh

ut l cttr a rsehmltem ar ek t sufket t

es ourrmt kpcyr# s tlt ouc` sweto t

t mw jf ekk`eltcy- Qejly wls mt t sur

wlt wls httemh emt- Ls Pj td ek t

_LELO_# aurtr lm` aurtr ut a t oety lm`

emt t –jumhc#‛ folk vm css sur-

bwvr# Qejly es stecc lrum` mlrcy l qulrtr

omtury cltr- b rolccs w# ar l wc

`ol`# <55> t 6>>># t Kltl`r wls

_LELO_― mcy veoc- imo l wd et kl`

l trep t ttry Vl` ar vhtlfcs- imo lartmeht et wmt reht emt t oety# t Jmsm

Klrdt# ar klt- Em t lrcy <55>s# _LELO_

wiuc` fuy sikg aty decis ia kglt glob tekg#

wet Qejly wletemh pltemtcy ar l oupc a 

urs wec et wls trekk` a alt‐@r- Hrllk

buhtm―s xprss emstruotems- imo vry

kmt# t Kltl`r wmt aa t t wcslc

klrdt lt Uswlmtpur ar t ry hrores-

Mt mcy `e t vlm fremh flod pclmt pr`uo# et

fruht wc pclmts okpct wet st lm`

rt- Em t lrcy ylrs# wm _LELO_ wls kstcy

l flrrm wlst# Olrc buhtm wuc st aa 

mo l kmt t t mursres lt t ftlmeolc

hlr`ms a Clcflh- P trs tlt olk flod em

ts vlm treps lr t ms em ws sl` w

c klmy l omvrsltem t`ly-

 Pbgsg wgrg tbg yglrs ia tbg rst lm` fusegst

pls a fuec`emh- imo em l

wec# t Kltl`r olrre` sk

a t weht a t prjots-

 Qejly wuc` umsorw t slts

lm` kld rk ar slm` r

stms# ls t krhmoy

`klm``- P vlm wuc` tm

prtm` et wls l crry- Pr wr

tr krhmoes em weo et

l` t krp emt lm lkfuclmo

lt srt mteo- _eod stu`mts

wuc` f cl`` emt ets olr

lm` wlv` aa t O_E bspetlc m

\um―s Vl`-

Ets kr pclmm` utemhs wrls l peod+up ar lrrevlcs lt t lerprt# r ls l

cesur veoc tldemh vesetrs m l ly+trep t

sld em t sehts a Kysr- Kr prsleo wr

ets lecy treps emt Cemhlrljlpurlk- Pecc t ke`+

<55>s# _LELO_ bl` lm iaog tbgrg ciidg` latgr

fy Klroel Keolc- Xet _LELO_― tcpm

cemgs umrgcelfcg# tbes iaog dgpt _LELO_ em tiuob

wet t rst a t wrc` vel alxs-

im _ltur`lys# t Kltl`r l` t c` ets

ms ar l fet wec et aumotem` ls l hlrflh

`espslc vlm- Et arre` t okkumety―s wlst

t t colc `ukpemh hrum`- Kr looptlfc

h`s emocu`` t lecy klec# weo l` t f

occot` ark _utrm Lsel Fefc Occh#

folus t pstklm raus` t vmtur aa t

rl` emt t ku` trlod cl`emh t _LELO_- gvm

kirg ehmeg` wgrg tbg treps ti tbg Butobems

Vil` pist iaog# wbgrg orltgs ia fiids wiuc`

lwlet occotem- Ar temhs ced sttcemh t

cotreoety fecc# Qejly ct t Kltl`r lv l rst

lm` td es c` tw+wcr lcc t wly t

bsdt wr t plykmts l` t f kl`-

Xet mcy m fus trlvccemh t bmmur+Flhlcur

rut# t _LELO_ Kltl`r wls t demh a 

t rl` em ts plrts- Et wls vm kr s lt

mehts# wm mo l wd# latr emmr# et td 

t stu`mts t bmmur t kld cmh+`estlmo

pm olccs-

blv w cest` lcc ets rcs lm` aumotems9 Mt

mtercy- Et mo srv` ls l revemh soc ar

Keolc a t Okkms wm# ar l wec`

kkmt# suhhst` t buhtm tlt

prarr` t rev rltr tlm od- Mtemh

olk a et# wvr- Keolc rturm` t t

Okkms# wec t Kltl`r rturm` emt t

olr a ets trust` klut-

12 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

 wls emluhurltg` wetb tbg pclqug‐–Pbe s

_tu`gmt Ogmtrg wls `g`eoltg` air Obrest lm` bes

demh`ik im tbg 7tb Lprec <55< ‛

_uhuklrlm Gfgmgzgr ia tbg l`kemestrlteim

rgolccs tbg trlmsplrgmt pclsteo –bimgsty fix‛

tblt slt fy tbg

irehemlc trei olkg lplrt# tbg tbrggsikg wbi bl`

tbus alr fggm tbg –ousti`elms ia tbg `rglk-‛

Pbg Oblerpgrsim @r Dgm Hmlmldlm lm` tbg

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8<Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 8> _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

demh`ik im tbg 7 Lprec# <55<-

 Pbg Oikki ms emoir pirltg` l klm`lcl ls ets

aglturg‐tbg ogmtrlc oiurtylr` ipgm ti tbg

sdy# si typeolc ia _iutb Em`elm bikgs- Air

prloteolc rglsims# tbg ipgmemh wls ocisg` wetb

frg hclss- Pbg kgm―s lm` wikgm―s blccs ia 

rgse`gmog lm` tbg aloucty qul`rlmhcg wiuc`

sbiw iaa tbg klm`lcl  ti hrgltgr gaagot- Et kl`g

pissefcg l ogmtrlc oikkumety splog# semog lcc

tbg riiks ipgm iut imti tbg oiurtylr`- Em

tbg tripeos# et sgrvgs ti cgt tbg frggzg emti tbg

bglrt ia tbg oikpcgx ia riiks# lm` wblt es

kirg# lcciws l hlr`gm tblt olm fg wltgrg` fy 

tbg rlem-

Fgse`gs biusemh tbg ememh blcc lm` detobgm#

tbg Oikkims bl` l cettcg oimvgmegmog

stirg tblt sblrg` splog wetb tbg fiidsbip-

Et stiodg` tbemhs cedg silp lm` tiitbplstg#

mitgfiids lm` swggts im ets oiupcg ia sbgcvgs-

 L`jlogmt wls l pbimg fii tb air st u`gmts ti

olcc bikg arik- Pbes wls l hrglt rgcega arik

blvemh ti kldg l trep up ti Bgmmur Oriss#

plyemh l rgturm fus alrg tblt iatgm gxogg`g`

tbg oist ia tbg pbimg olcc- Et wls lcsi l rgcega 

mit ti blvg olccs arik alkecy lm` aregm`s tldgm

em tbg premoeplc―s biusg# wetb tbg premoeplc rst

sufjgotemh tbg blpcgss olccgr ti l tbiriuhb

emtgrrihlteim-

tblt slt fy tbg

plypbimg lt lcc tekgs

ia tbg `ly lm` tbg

mehbt- _tu`gmts oiuc`

kldg olccs lt lmy 

tekg# lm` ply emti

tbg fix- Bg rgolccs

tblt kimgy mgvgr hit

sticgm# mit gvgm fy 

lmy ia tbg wirdgrs im tbg suoogssevg fuec`emh 

prijgots-

Im tbg rst iir ia tbg Oikkims wls tbg

stu`gmt ciumhg# wetb ets –kiveg riik#‛ wbeob

air klmy yglrs wls tbg tbgltrg em wbeob Are`ly 

mehbt gmtgrtlemkgmt wls sorggmg`-

Kgm―s Vgse`gmog Blcc "<556%

 Pbg –Vgse`gmog Blcc wls `g`eoltg` im tbg

1tb Klrob# <556 wetb tbg prlygr tblt lcc wbi

cevg bgrg wecc oikg ti dmiw bek lm` fg

gmlfcg` ti gaagotevgcy kldg bek dmiwm-‛ Pbes

pclqug olkg um`gr kec` rgfudg arik l purest

hrlkklrelm- Xbgm tblt hrglt spidgspgrsim air

gvlmhgceolcesk# @r- Jibm _titt# vesetg` _LELO_

em <550# bes gyg oluhbt tbg spcet emmetevg im tbes

stimg tlfcgt- ^ripgrcy# et sbiuc` blvg rgl` –…ti

kldg bek dmiwm gaagotevgcy-‛

_ehmeolmtcy# kirg tblm emmetevgs wgrg spcet

em tbg glrcy ―5>s- Et wls lt tbes tekg tblt tbg

 Pbg Oblerpgrsim @r- Dgm Hmlmldlm lm` tbg

Klmlhemh Prustgg Biuhbtim fghlm ti blvg

`eaagrgmogs- Pbg prifcgk bl` ti `i wetb tbg

lutbirety lm` ricg ia tbg LPL# tbg _iutb Lsel

loorg`etemh emstrukgmt ia wbeob Hmlmldlm

 wls lcsi tbg oblerpgrsim- Fy tbes tekg _LELO_

 wlmtg` ti stlrt iaagremh ^b@ `ghrggs# lt cglst em

Kesseicihy ti fghem wetb- Hmlmldlm―s oiumsgc

 wls ti wlet-

 Lmitbgr klttgr bl` ti `i wetb tbg tgxt ia tbg

_LELO_ `epcikl lwlr`g` ti stu`gmts lt tbger

hrl`ulteim ogrgkimy- Pbg LPL rgoikkgm`g`

tblt tbg `epcikl l`` –loorg`etg` fy tbg Lsel

 Pbgiciheolc Lssioelteim‛ ti tbg tgxt- Em sikgqulrtgrs# tbes wls tbiuhbt supgruius-

Biuhbtim# ls tbg premoeplc# olrreg` tbg fur`gm

ia tbgsg lol`gkeo klttgrs air l pgrei` ia tekg#

 wetbiut fremhemh tbg _LELO_ trustggs emti et-

Fut bg `e` wim`gr ea bg wls hgttemh et wrimh#

lm` wls pgrsul`g` bg mgg`g` bgcp- _i# just ls

Biuhbtim wls `goe`emh ti cly et iut fgairg

tbg trustggs# Hmlmldlm writg ti Biuhbtim

suhhgstemh tblt bg wls fgblvemh umecltgrlccy# lm`Em t _tps a t Jwes Olrpmtr

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86 8?_LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

hh h w f v h y#

fgyim` bes hevgm piwgrs-

 Lt tbg mgxt kggtemh ia tbg tr ustggs# Hmlmldlm

em`eoltg` bg wls umlfcg ti lttgm`# lm` sbirtcy 

tbgrglatgr# sufkettg` bes rgsehmlteim- Pbg

trustggs wgrg rgcegvg` tblt mgetbgr oimarimtlteim

mir oimtemug` oimeot gmsug`- Biwgvgr# l

 vlcug` rgclteimsbep‐fgtwggm twi kgm wbi bl`

pursug` tbg slkg hilcs‐wls fridgm-

 Lmitbgr spcet blpp gmg` lt tbe s piemt t blt

bl` mitbemh ti i wetb getbgr hrlkklr ir

hivgrmirs- Xblt es miw tbg Kgm―s Vgse`gmog

Blcc wls fuect ls l twem ocustgr ia riiks#

glob wetb ets iwm oiurtylr`- Pbes wls mit

imcy air tbg sldg ia lrobetgoturlc lgstbgteos#

fut fgolusg tbg lrobetgot―s irehemlc pclm wls

ti biusg tbg semhcg kgm lrium` tbg clrhgr

oiurtylr`# wbecg tbg riiks lrium` tbg

sklccgr oiurtylr` wiuc` looikki`ltg tbg

semhcg wikgm- Biwgvgr# tbg mukfgr ia hercs

 wls kuob c iwgr oikplr g` ti tbg k gm- _i#

et wls tbiuhbt kirg prloteolc ti cgt tbgk

sblrg tbg alkecy lplrtkgmts tblt bl` oikg

up lt tbg siutb gm` ia tbg olkpus# tiwlr`s

tbg premoeplc―s biusg- Xetb tbes goeseim tbg

e`gl olkg ti mluhbt# lm` tbg semhcg stu`gmts―

rgse`gmog fciods wgrg spcet hgm`gr+wesg arik

tbgm im‐lm` pissefcy# air lcc tekg-

Mltlm Deccm a Mw Zlclm` ls l

ffy‐olrpmtry- b lcs ls l plssem#

lm` tlt es t srv Orest em kessems- P

tw olk thtr wm olk t _LELO_

em <525- Lt tes tek# t prprty wls stecc l

flr peo a clm` wet t Emstetut Fuec`emh

stlm`emh lt m m` lm` sk usemh lt

t tr m`- Mltlm lm` es tlk fuect

oupflr`s# wlr`rfs# detom lm` fltrk

olfemts lm` lcc srts a sklcc aurmetur-

Mltblm rst olkg ti Em`el em <581# wetb lm

iK_ Emtrmltemlc tlk tlt wrd` sex wds emh lvy omstruotem wrd ar Kl`rls

Fefc _kemlry- Plt es wr t ceacmh arem`sep ftwm Mltlm lm` Kle`l Deccm lm` t

buhtms fhlm- Ls _LELO_ fhlm t tld slp# oluht ets vesem t –trlem t trlemrs-‛

Xet tes# Mltlm cetrlccy rcc` up es scvs lm` st t wrd- ivr t clst tw ol`s ls ok m olrpmtry wrd t _LELO_ sk mem teks# stlyemh ar l kmt lo veset- Xlt es

kr# ls trlem` l hrup a ur srveo stlaa t wec` t slw lm` t pclm-

Oicclhg` em bes kgkiregs lrg l reit ia eklhgs# lcc plrt ia bes cglrmemh gxpgregmog: tbg Plj Klblc4

tbrgsbemh lm` wemmiwemh em tbg vecclhgs lrium` Ditblmur4 tbg alogs ia bes klmy hii` aregm`s4

t hblts lt Qlrlmlse4 tbg oiciurauc secds em tbg klrdgts4 _um`ly sgrveog lt l ciolc oburob- Bg

rolccs t# t prloteolc treods t tlk―s –fys‛ ht up t- Em t lrcy `lys# x olrts wuc` h

plst _LELO_ t Dtlmur# flremh omstruotem kltrelc- Xltoemh truh t wer amoemh‐tes

wls far t fum`lry wlccs olk up‐ty mteo` tlt wm t olrt rturm` lt usd#

t olrt―s revr wls emvlrelfcy lscp- bes trusty xm f`emtcy td t olrt k- im

suo vmemh# t yumh olrpmtrs quetcy klmlh` t turm t xm lrum`# sttemh t olrt

trum`cemh flod emt Dtlmur- L cettc cltr ty slw t olrt okemh flod lhlem- Pes tek t

`revgr wls settemh up lcgrt# wlrecy ciidemh arik se`g ti se`g# lm` ocutobemh tbg rgems vgry rkcy,

_tgppemh flod arik tbg wirdtlfcg# tbg Deccgms ciid lt tbg rlmhg lm` gptb ia _LELO_― emugmog

em _ut Lsel- Py lr lppy t lv fm plrt a tes wrd- –Et olmh` ur cevs vm just

fy farem`emh l kessemlry#‛ ty sly- –Lmym olm fok plrt a H`―s kessem em t wrc`-

 Pr es lcwlys t wly-‛

tg Cefrlry "<55?%

–Cgt tbgrg fg cehbt#‛ `goclrgs tbg pclqug ia tbg

Cefrlry Em`gg` wbgm yiu wlcd tbriuhb tbg P @utso Klrd lm` t Vup

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80 87_LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

Cefrlry- Em`gg`# wbgm yiu wlcd tbriuhb tbg

klem `iir em tbg gvgmemh yiu wecc m` tbg plmgcs

ia hclss ippisetg tbg ar imt `iir rl`elmt wetb

sumsgt irlmhg-

 Pbg `ikemltemh aglturg ia tbg Cefrlr y es tblt

ets tbrgg cgvgcs lrg ipgm ti glob itbgr- Xbecg

tbg itbgr fuec`emhs wgrg `gsehmg` wetb splogs

sglcg` iaa ls riiks# tbg Cefrlry emtgre ir wls

oimogevg` ls l semhcg vicukg ia splog- _birt

ehbts ia stg ps oimmgotg` tbg flsgkgmt wetb tbg

kgzzlmemg iir lm` tbg clttgr wetb tbg uppgr

iir‐tbg stlers miw oimvgrhemh# miw `evgrhemh-

 Pbg hrlmetg flcustrl`gs tblt g`hg` tbg vgrlm`lbs  

lm` riias ia tbg itbgr fuec`emhs wgrg ekpir tg`

emti tbg emtgreirs ia tbg Cefrlry# emorglsemh tbg

gaagot ia lm –iutse`g‛ emvl`emh tbg –emse`g-‛ Ls

kuob ls ets fiids gmoiurlhg` tbg argg iw ia 

e`gls# ets `gsehm lcciwg` l oerouclteim ia ler lm`

pgrkglteim fy cehbt-

 Xbgm tbg cehbt al`g` lt tbg gm` ia tbg `ly#

mehbt emvl`g` tbg olkpus arik tbg surrium`emh 

oiumtryse`g- Em tbg glrcy lm` ke` ―5>s# tbgrg

 wgrg mit ls klmy clkps ti cehbt tbg pltbwlys

ls tbgrg lrg ti`ly- Xblt wls kirg# air l cimh 

tekg Biuhbtim rgsestg` emstlccemh l hgmgrltir-

Bg fgcegvg` tblt wbgm tbg piwgr alecg`# tbg

oikkumety sbiuc` fg mi fgttgr+iaa tblm tbg

 vecclhgrs lrium`- Et wls lt tbgsg tekgs tblt

pGlrcy em <556# Lm`rgls Vu`icpb vesetg` _LELO_- Bg rgprgsgmtg` l Hgrklm oblrety

fy tbg mlkg ia Em`egm Becag- Ls bg wgmt lrium` tbg olkpus# bg wls plrteouclrcy

ekprgssg` tblt tbg `g`eolteim pclqugs `e` mit olrry tbg mlkgs ia tbisg stecc

cevemh- Bg gvgm bl` @r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim wretg up l oiupcg ia slkpcgs air bes

irhlmezlteim-

Lt tbes tekg# tbg ogmtrlc clwm bl` fggm fuect up im tbrgg se`gs- Pbg aiurtb se`g

wls ipgm# aeccg` imcy em Biuhbtim―s kem` fy l cefrlry- Bes sgorgtlry# Lmetl Lmtbimy#

pripisg` tblt ea tbg oblrety sbiuc` iaagr ti ocisg tbes hlp wetb l twi aciir cefrlry#

tbger hgmgrisety wiuc` fg kuob lpprgoeltg`-

L agw kimtbs cltgr# Em`egm Becag bl` l strlmhg setulteim im tbger blm`s‐kirg kimgy

tblm tbgy dmgw wblt ti `i wetb- Pbes olkg lfiut fgolusg ia tbg `gvlculteim ia

tbg Em`elm rupgg- Latgr `esfursemh tbg lccioltg` lkiumts ti tbger vlreius prijgots

em Em`el# tbgy bl` l blm`sikg suk cgat ivgr- _ikg im tbg Filr` wim`grg` ea tbgy

sbiuc` oblmmgc tbes gxogss tiwlr`s tbger wird em _iutb Lkgreol- Itbgrs emsestg` tblt

semog tbgsg `gutsobg klrds wgrg irehemlccy `g`eoltg` ti Em`el tblt es wbgrg tbgy

sbiuc` hi-

Lm` si et blppgmg` tblt _LELO_ fgolkg tbg fgmgaeoelry ia l kist umgxpgotg`

wem`alcc- Em Jumg <556# et rgogevg` ls l `imlteim tbg premogcy suk ia ?>-?1 cldbs-

Xbgm tbg Cefrlry wls oikpcgtg` lm` `g`eoltg` l yglr cltgr# lfiut tbrgg+aiurtbs

ia tbg oist ia tbg fuec`emh bl` fggm ple` air fgolusg tbg rupgg bl` tldgm l

tukfcg,

 Jlkgs tbg wltobklm

olkg emti bes iwm-

Im bes fglt lrium`

lm lvgmug ia trggs lcimh tbg clmg tblt cg` arik

tbg hltg ti Fgtblmy Biusg- Ir`emlry mggk trggs

 wgrg mgehbfiurs wetb slm`lcwii`# klmhi trggs

_i ls ti suppirt tbg sperg# tbg riia wls

rgemairog` wetb vg trlmsvgrsg fglks- Lrobetgot

Kisgs wls plrteouclr lfiut blvemh l ogecemh tblt

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88Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 81 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

tbg fuec`emhs# bg

 wiuc` turm klmy l

`lrd oirmgr- Pi wlrm

pitgmtelc tbegvgs ia 

bes oikemh# bg wiuc`

oimvgrsg ciu`cy wetb

beksgca- Pbes tiid im

l``g` vlcug fgolusg

 Jlkgs wls l kekeo-

Bg wiuc` spgld em l vlregty ia vieogs# hevemh 

tbg ekprgsseim tblt bg wls l wbicg hriup ia 

stu`gmts- Cltgr wltobkgm agcc flod im tbg

kimitimius wbestcg ti lmmiumog tbger fglt irtbukpg` l steod im tbg pltbwlys‐imcy Jlkgs

oiuc` cc l `lrd mehbt wetb cevgcy oimvgrslteim-

 Pbg _LELO_ Cefrlry wls –`g`eoltg` im tbg

<6tb Klrob# <55?# wetb tbg prlygr tblt lcc wbi

rgl` bgrg wecc oikg ti fg `gtgrkemg` ti prglob

mitbemh fut Obrest lm` bek oruoeg` lm` resgm

arik tbg `gl`-‛

_pgldemh ia resemh arik tbg `gl`# tbg `ry lm`

`usty clm` wls oikemh lcevg wetb hrggm- Pbes wls

tbg tekg tbg clrhg ogmtrlc rgotlmhcg wls hrlssg`

ivgr lm` murturg` emti l clwm- Vehirius pclmtemh 

gaairt bl` rgsuctg` em sklcc# bipgauc trggs- _ikg

stii` em rlm`ik esiclteim# sikg wgrg ir`grg`

emti mglt riws- Pbgrg wls gvgm tbg prikesg ia 

hrgw lcimhse`g tgld- Fgtwggm tbg viccgyflcc oiurt

lm` tbg premoeplc―s rgse`gmog wls l cettcg vemgylr`

 wbeob yegc`g` hrlpgs air l oiupcg ia yglrs- Em

kirg wlys tblm img# _LELO_ wls furstemh wetb

slp# iwgremh lm` aruetemh-

tg Olpgc a g Vgsurrgoe "<550%

 Pbg clst hlp lrium` tbg qul`rlmhcg ia tbg clwm

 wls ccg` fy tbg Oblpgc- Puodg` emti l oirmgr

fgtwggm tbg Oikkims lm` tbg Cefrlry# et

blrkimeiuscy flclmog` tbg `ikg wetb ets sperg-

 Pbg setg gmhemggr rgolccs tblt em tbes fuec emh et wls

tbg riia tblt gklm`g` olrgauc oimstruoteim- Pbgpclm ia tbg Oblpgc es typeolccy Guripglm- Ets iir

pclm es trl`eteimlccy oruoeairk‐oriss+sblpg`- Ets

piemtg` wem`iws gobi tbg Hitbeo stycg- Pbg sperg#

aium` em klmy l Fretesb+fuect Flmhlcirg oburob# es

tbg kist ifveius em`eoltir tblt tbes es l Obrestelm

pclog ia wirsbep- Pbg Em`elm gcgkgmt es emsgrtg`

fy tbg hrlmetg flcustrl`g lcimh tbg riia# fut kuob

kirg si fy tbg –ms‛ sgplrltemh tbg ocisgcy sgt

 wem`iws- Pbg –ms‛ lrg irmltgcy sblpg`# lm` lrg

l aglturg firriwg` arik _iutb Em`elm tgkpcg

lrobetgoturg- Emtgrgstemhcy# tbg wem`iws lm` ms

oikpgtg wetb glob itbgr- Xbgm img ciids lt

tbg Oblpgc arik tbg arimt# tbg Em`elm lspgot es

prikemgmt- _ggm arik tbg se`g# tbg ms mlrriw 

emti emsehmeolmog lm` tbg Hitbeo ciid ikemltgs-

iwg` skiitbcy# wetbiut vesulc frglds- Air tbes

rglsim# tbg fglks wgrg piseteimg` ls emvgrtg`

ir gxtgreir fglks# lm` olmmit fg sggm arik tbg

emse`g- Gxogpt air tbg ogmtrlc rgotlmhcg air tbg

sdycehbt lm` tbg squlrg wbeob cioltgs tbg sperg#

tbg ogecemh rums lt# wetbiut `estrlotemh getbgr

tbg kem` ir tbg gyg ia tbg wirsbeppgr-

 Pbes –Oblpgc ia tbg Vgsurrgoteim wls oimsgorltg`

im tbg rst ly ia Kly# <550# wetb tbg prlygr tblt

em tbg prglobemh ia tbg wir` lm` em tbg frgldemh 

ia frgl`# tbg Vesgm Cir` wecc kldg beksgca 

dmiwm ti lcc wbi wirsbep bgrg-‛ Pbisg wbi rgl`

 wetb olrg wecc miteog tblt tbg wir` rgsurrgoteim wls irehemlccy kes+spgct# wetb twi –s‛s- Prlogs ia 

tbg oirrgoteim rgklem-

Em`gg` tbg Oblpgc es wetmgss ti kirg sehmeolmt

–oirrgoteim‛ tblm tblt ia spgccemh lcimg‐ 

Aerst Cefrlrelm‐J K F

_u`bldlrlm

 L Pek t Xp

oblmhg` cevgs# lvgrtg` oresgs- Klmy l kgkfgr ia 

tbg sgrveogs stlaa wbi turmg` ti tbg Obrestelm

aletb bls fggm flptezg` em tbg tlmd fy tbg Oblpgc―s

Pb e e e ecc d a

suppirt air l fuec`emh prijgot ir l aloucty 

trlemgg em l airgehm clm`# tbg ccemh ia l oreteolc

l`kemestrltevg piseteim- Klmy l kerloucius

– e ‛ b a cc ` e b b e e e

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85Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 82 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

 Ls kuo ls tr lv fm oolsems t

ocfrlt# tr lv fm teks a hrea-

Em @okfr <551# t srveos stlaa wr hemh

m ets lmmulc peomeo- P lol`keo `lm# @r-

 Luhustem lhcu# lookplme` tk wet es

alkecy‐wea _uklte# lm` tr oec rm# t c st

femh sextm+ylr c Lmlm`- P `stemltem

wls l ar` m t Dlvre# l ppuclr turest spt

olcc` Kd`lt# t –Hlt―s Orssemh-‛ Xm ty

rlo`# t fys wmt rummemh `wm t t wltr-

Far es altr―s ys# Lmlm` scepp` emt t trlorus um`rourrmt

lm` wls pucc` lwly-

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tbes stu`gmt ir tblt# tbes aloucty kgkfgr ir tblt#

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ivgr klmy pltegmt oimvgrslteims lm` fefcg stu`egs-

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gvgry wggd+`ly latgr cumob# usulccy kemestgrg` ti

fy l stu`gmt ir stu`gmt spiusg-

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em tekgs ia oreses# tbg aloucty prlyg` lrium`

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cedg tbg bgcpcgss Bgzgdelb pcloemh _gmmlobgref―s

cgttgr fgairg Hi`# _LELO_ bls siuhbt Hi`―s

emtgrvgmteim bgrg- Im tbg klrfcg lctlr# aloucty 

lm` stlaa blvg pclog` `ioukgmts rgcltemh ti lcc

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tbg umety ia tbg alkecy ia Hi`-

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Pbg Wmusg` @imlteim

ti rgst im tbg behbgst aglturg ia tbg olkpus# tbg oriss# cekmg` lhlemst tbg

ociu`s-

 Lt tbg hltg# tbg mlkg ia tbg emstetuteim wls gmhrlvg` emti mi kirg tblm lArk Olprms

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2<Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 2> _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

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lm krhmoy- Py lr arlk` fem` hclss- Fcw t kmy es l cttr tlt xpclems tes

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mt wlmt t f prev` a t jy a plrteoepltemh- X wlmt t kld l tdm prsmtltem

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ls hrloeus lm lkfemo ar ourtsep-

 P Oureus Olsa t Xlsemh

Iur blr`wirdemh hlr`gmgrs wbi klemtlem tbg plrd+ 

cedg gmverimkgmt lt _LELO_ 

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2?Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 26 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

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28Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 21 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

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m olm―t turm t h` `otr `wm# s E lhr`, E rkkfr t tlt Hrllk wls

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t lv fm lsd` t cp# vm em l sklcc wly# ar t olus a t Demh`k,‛

Ark @r- Fucl X`#_LELO_― Vse`mtirmetchest

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fcu olp lm` wemhs# ty tukfc` lfut t sdy mlr t

premoeplc―s us ced lerorlat em lm lrflteos espcly-

–Lrg mit vg splrriws sic` air twi pgmmegs9 Ugt mit img ia 

tbgk es airhittgm fy Hi`‛ "Cudg <6:1%-

 L Pr ar vry _l+sm_ukkr

 Ls glstr lpprlos# t flr+cekf

arlmheplmes olto t speret a rsurrotem lm`

prkptcy furst emt yccw+lm`+wet- Per

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_premhEm Afrulry# t olm`c a t lol`keo ylr

es furmemh ti ets mesb- Xetb img clst lrg ia 

ets lkg et sgts tbg trggs im rg- Aerst# et es tbgtlffuel- P frlmos eslpplr um`r teod 

ocustgrs ia trukpgt+iwgrs arik wbisg reob

ocur t spoes hts ets mlk lrhmtel#

klmemh –hc`-‛ Pr es lm lplrtkmt r tw

ws cevemh rk wem`w praotcy arlks l

tlffuel-

Mxt t ceht up es t jlolrlm`l# ls kluv+

fcu ls l hls furmr- Pmhus a fcu sr` aa 

tbg sprgl`emh frlmobgs lm` ilt clzecy hrlss+

wlr`- im mteos w ur jlolrlm`ls sk t

iwgr im oug arik glob itbgr‐rst img# lm`

tm lmtr# lm` clstcy# t m lt t klem

hlt- Py kust lv lm lhrkmt m r`r a 

lpplrlmo-

prkptcy furst emt yccw lm` wet- Per

l`y somt sce`s aa t sltem ptlcs t eto l

ar re` m t plssemh frz-

_m# t trk m`s lm` t stu`mts lv cat

ar t cmh sukkr ce`lys- Uu turm up t

oecemh alm lm` e`cy wm`r ea t lt es okemh

iaa tbg lkemh huckiblr iutse`g tbg wem`iw- Ets

gry irlmhgs lm` rg`s furm stgl`ecy tecc tbg mgw

trk okkmos em Jum-

Em ftwm ukptm remtltem sssems#

arsrs kly olto ter frlt um`r t

hucklr lt t ormr a t clwm- Et wecc msur

ter hhrlpeo remtltem‐t plvkmt

tr ls t okplss pemts oescc` emt et-

KmsmFckemh lcmhse` t hucklr es t

clfurmuk- Ls t sut+wst kmsm sts em#

yu mteo ets cmh rpy fumos a fcssks

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5?Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 

ocur` l rlem+wls`# futtry yccw- Just

ls tm`r lr t arlhec pemds a t olssel

utse` t Okkms# t tr um`r weo es

l cettc qul`rlmhc a stm fmos- Klmy lr

t omvrsltems t olssel ls st` em ets

sl`-

Em`pm`mo @ly oks rum`# lm` et es t

turm a t Lareolm tucep trs‐lo fclzemh

iwgr wetb tbg olploety ia l hii`+sezg` tgloup-

Ets ry p`s kld stut –flts‛ ar t oec`rm

t clumo eklhemlry jurmys-

Xemtr P vmemhs lr meppy mw- P lvmu a tlcc

ord lds cl`emh t Ftlmy us oltos

tbg lttgmteim ia yiur misg- Xbetg iwgrs wetb

cmh# ceolt mods lmhc alo wm truh

t lrd hrm acelh# wlatemh arlhrlmo m

ts plssemh fcw- _klcc wm`r ty lr

olcc` ldlsbl+klccehg# t jlskem a t sdy-

Klmwec# t klhmtl tlffuel spclss

ocur vr t alol` a t Emstetut Fuec`emh

X olmmt wetut ur trs- Py altur em

cumotek lmmumokmts mlrcy vry `ly‐t

vmu a tes ktemh r tlt- Plt es wy# ls t

fuec`emhs olk up m latr lmtr# et wls mt

umusulc ti fg em l rst+iir oclssriik lm` sgg

l clay trtp fresdcy kvemh plst t wem`w-

Vltr tlm f opp` wm# t yumh tr

wls femh trlmspclmt`-

 Pr es l slkpehg‐t klhmcel‐arscy

pclmt` ppset t Okkms- Et ls kess`

tbg rst tbrgg gvgmtauc gol`gs ia _LELO_- _tecc#

w dmws m wlt estreo kecstms et kly

yt swr ets feh+yccw fcssk-

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7_uoossDtlmur <557+6>>?

Img Are`ly kirmemh# latgr tbg oustiklry aloucty lm` stlaa prlygr em tbg Aesbgr klm―s Oblpgc#

tbg oblpgc em tbg `ikg# tbg hltbgremh stii` tlcdemh im tbg tgrrlog- Lt tbes tekg tbes wls tbg

mirtbgrm fium`lry ia tbg pripgrty- Ciidemh ivgr tbg plrlpgt img slw pegogs ia clm`# twi+

lm`+l+blca lorgs ti tbg mirtb lm` lmitbgr twi lorgs ti tbg wgst- @r- Migc Jlsim wls tbg lol`gkeo

`glm lt tbes tekg# lm` bg suhhgstg` ti tbg hriup tblt tbgy sbiuc` prly tblt Hi` wiuc` heat tbgk

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Jc Okketts–Uur c` km slcc rlk rlks# lm` yur

yumh km slcc s vesems‛ "Jc 6:62%- Ark

tes txt# t –Jc Okkett‛ td ets mlk- Et

olk emt xestmo em t lrcy <55>s# um`r t

emsperltem a Jm g` Kltsm# l plstr arem`

a @r- Hrllk buhtm ark Kmthkry#

 Lclflkl- bc` pre`eolccy# tes wls lm lsskfcy

a aloucty lm` l`kemestrltev stlaa klmt ar

t purps a –temdemh utse` t fx-‛ @r-

E`eorel Memlm rolccs femh plrt a m wec

wls m a t vesetemh a loucty- im tes oolsem#

Olrc buhtm slr` r rlk ar _LELO_-

Xec t klemstrlk mkemltems l` ter

wcc+stlfces` skemlres lm` occhs# t

sklccr lm` mwr strlks wetem t Em`elm

ouro l` mm- _ wes` ar _LELO_ t

stlm` em tes hlp- Pes p s kv` Memlm#

tlt jem` t aloucty aucctek-

_k a t rlks tlt ts okketts

`rlk` lotulcez`- P Ogi Omtr wls

m a tk- Lmtr wls t xtmsem a 

t rehemlc prprty fy t purols a tw

l`jememh peos a clm` fem` t Cefrlry lm`

fgyim` tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh- Pbg lacelteim

wetb tbg Wmevgrsety ia Kysirg rgsuctg` arik Jigc

Okkett kkfrs lhremh tlt tes wls t

wly arwlr` t emorlsemh or`efecety em Em`el- P

aloucty vcpkmt prhrlkk stkk` ark

t e`l tlt m wly t emorls t prprtem

a Em`elm mltemlcs lkmh t tloemh stlaa 

wls t hrw tk em m―s wm flodylr`‐tlt

es# fy e`mteayemh stu`mts ar trlememh ls autur

aloucty- _k a t lrvst a tes mhemh

prjot w ourrmtcy srv ls aloucty lr @r-

blvecl @lrlkrlj "l` a t plrtkmt a 

ic Pstlkmt semo 6>>2% lm` @r- Jm Lrum

Duklr "l` a t plrtkmt a Vcehems semo

6>>1% lm` tes ylr―s otrlt Mehc Ljly Duklr

"`plrtkmt a Pchy%-

51 _LELO_  Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs

tbgsg pripgrtegs- Pbg hriup oikkettg` tbg klttgr ti prlygr-

 Lrium` tbg slkg tekg# em tbg ke`+―5>s# @grgd Fltts vesetg`

arik Mgw Zglclm`# gmtbuselsteo ti emvgst em pripgrtegs- Pgj

^luc rgolccs biw bg lm` Fltts orlwcg` tbriuhb tbg agmog im

tbg mirtb se`g emti tbg hrivg ia guolcyptus tr ggs- Pbg e`gl wls

ti lotulccy stlm` im tbg hrium` wbecg prlyemh air et- Mit cimh 

latgr tbgsg emoe`gmts# em <558# _LELO_ fiuhbt tbg clm` arik

l cimh+stlm`emh mgehbfiur lm` aregm`# P M Dislcrlk- Xbecg

tbg wgstgrm pripgrty wls fuect im lckist ekkg`eltgcy# tbg

mirtbgrm pegog sgrvg` ls lm emtgrek oreodgt gc`- Gvgm wbgm

tbg Aloucty \ul`rlmhcg wls oimstruotg` im et em 6>>># tbgrg

 wls stecc gmiuhb riik air bettemh l sex ir twi- Pbg fuec`emh 

clfiurgrs# em alot# jiemg` stu`gmts lm` sgrveogs stlaa ti wbecg

lwly tbg gvgmemhs- Xbgm# em 6>>?# wird fghlm im tbg OGI

Ogmtrg tblt miw iooupegs kist ia tbes clm`# tbg oreodgt

arltgrmety wls sirriwauccy `essicvg`- Img ia tbgk rgolccs

biw# latgr tbg Ogmtrg wls oikpcgtg`# tbg airkgr oreodgtgrs

lodmiwcg`hg` tblt tbg fuec`emh wls wgcc wirtb tbg ogsslteim

ia oreodgt-

 Xbecg wg rgoir` air tbg sldg ia bestiry tbg hr iwtb ia tbg

pbyseolc lssgts ia tbes emste tuteim# tbg alr kirg ekpirtlmt

stiry wg tgcc es tblt ia tbg pgipcg tbgsg fue c`emhs blvg

biusg`‐wbeob tbes oblptgr sgts iut ti `i- Ls l klttgr ia alot# tbg `g`eolteim pclqugs ia tbgs g

fuec`emhs `goclrg tbg emtgmteim wetb wbeob tbgy wgrg fuect- _i# tbg aicciwemh lcukme stiregs lrg

ocustgrg` looir`emh ti tbg mlkgs ia tbg biusemh fciods tblt olkg up im tbg wgstgrm mhgr ia 

clm`‐fciods mlkg` latgr ^ucmgy Lm`y# Xeccelk Keccgr# Mgbgkelb Hirgb lm` ^lm`etl Vlklfle-

_uoossDtlmur <557+6>>?

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 P Lwlr`sOk Hrl`ultem lo ylr# l

ocuto a lwlr`s es prsmt`-

_k rwlr` t kretreus#

hlp‐airkemh gvlmhgceolc ipemeim im essugs

lm` gvgmts tblt lrg augccemh tbg mgwsplpgrs-

–_LELO_ pclog` l strimh gkpblses im fgemh 

rgcgvlmt#‛ slys Oblrcgs- –_i# sgmsetevety ti tbg

emtgrgsts ia tbg rgl`gr sblpgs tbg oimtgmt ia 

Obrestelm Prgm`s ‛ Mi wim`gr rgl grs ia tbes

mggkel Hrg \ul`rupcgx "6>>?%

---wls g`eoltg ---em kgkiry ia Ttbes[ sobiclr lm` lpicihest ia iur aletb# wetb  prlygr tblt l cc wbi cevg bgr g wecc fg siemsperg` fy bes cghloy ls ti hevg tbgksgcvgs#kem` lm` bglrt ti kgmtiremh

lm` kesseim+kem`g` sobiclrs rgsts sehmeolmtcy 

im tbg airty pgrogmt ia iur stu`gmts wbi

tldg up emugmtelc tglobemh piseteims# et lcsi

iws iut tbriuhb oblmmgcs ls umgxpgotg`

ls tgcgveseim# ls em G`wlr`―s olsg- Bg lttgsts

tblt cglrmemh biw ti blm`cg tbg _orepturg#

emorglsemh sueoe`g rltg- Mgec kl`g rgagrgmog

ti et em bes tlcd# ls bg prgsgmtg` Jgsus ls tbg

uctekltg rgjgotg` img wbi olkg tbriuhb

 veotireius cy- Em`gg`# suob pu ttemh iut ia tbg

hispgc em tbg pufceo lrgml lm` `gagm`emh 

et lhlemst oblccgmhg es tbg rlesim `―gtrg ia 

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<>?_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>? <>6 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

suo ls t ^remoeplc―s Lwlr` ar

t Fst KL ^rarklmo lm` t

^remoeplc―s Lwlr` ar t Fst KP

 Pses- Lcs em tes olthry es t

_lttelml`lm Lwlr`# hevm t

–t stu`mt w kst xefet`

plemstldemh strevemh ar lol`keo

ekprvkmt-‛ im t mlk a t

lwlr` lmhs l estry-

Em <278# et wls rprt` tus

a t Perumcvce `estreot a Plkec Ml`u: –tr t y lm` lrt---lr hcl``m` fy t seht

a t clrhst# t kst trevemh# lm` t kst prhrssev Orestelm okkumety em Em`el-‛ Lt

Em`pm`mo tes wls t clrhst a t `eoss a t Ouro a _ut Em`el- im a t

Em`elms tlt kl` tes pssefc wls Vv- X P _lttelml`lm# w rs ark rklrdlfcy k`st

irehems ti fg ir`lemg` ls lm Lmhceolm kemestgr em <85>- Wm`gr bes kemestrlteims# gmterg vecclhgs

olk t t alet- Lm xlkpc wls t vecclh a Olmmpltu# weo loquer` s Orestelm l

olrlotr tlt cltr vm ets mlk wls olmh` t Mlzlrt-

itr lwlr`s lr `oe ` fy okkumety vt- Ps lr t Lquecl lm` ^resoeccl Lwlr` hevm t

tbg oiupcg –wbi kist gxgkpceg` plrtmgrsbep em Obrestelm klrrelhg lm` sgrveog em tbg oikkumety#‛

lm` t Ocy` ^lrdr Lwlr` weo es wm ar –xoccmo em lol`keos# ar `kmstrltem a 

okkumety speret# lm` ar k`ccemh srvlmt`-‛ im a t rummrs+up t tes lwlr` es t

 Qlc`eotrelm a t ylr- Xy t Lkreolm Ocy` lrdr es tus okkkrlt` es tc` lrcer em

tes estry-

Fse`s muremh ts hrl`ultemh# tr es lm lwlr` tlt rohmezs ts w lv hm

far- P Lcukmus a t Ulr es mlk` ar kldemh lm utstlm`emh omtrefutem t ter

plrteouclr gc`-

Obrestelm Prgm`s - Mi wim`gr rgl grs ia tbes

scggd fekimtbcy rgspim` wetb gmtbuselsk: –E

blvg fggm kuob ekprgssg`‐tbg lrteocgs em tbg

klhlzemg `glc wetb gvgry`ly klttgrs-‛

 Pbgsg lrg fut l spremdc emh ia stiregs i a 

g`uoltirs lm` veseimlregs- _LELO_ lcukme

sblpg tbgiciheolc emstetuteims lm` kesseim

trlememh sobiics# lm` lcsi emugmog klemstrglk

g`uolteim loriss tbg cgmhtb lm` frgl`tb ia 

tbg oiumtry- Fgyim` tbg mlteimlc fir`grs#

_LELO_ hrl`ultgs cgl` emstetuteims loriss tbgoimtemgmts# ls tbes oriss+sgoteim sbiws: Plm`e

Vlm`l "6>>?+6>>7% es ourrgmtcy tbg premoeplc

ia _PP Gredsgm+Prett Pbgiciheolc Oiccghg em

Em`imgsel# spglrbgl`emh l kivgkgmt ti trlem

mltevg esoepcg kldgrs air tbes vlstcy Kuscek

oiumtry4 Dgm _trlvgms "<551+<552% es Dgmyl―s

`ergotir air tbg Olkpus Orusl`g air Obrest

oiumtgrplrt olccg` –Pbg Ceag Kemestry‛4 _ekim

^lc "<558+<555% wls sgmt fy _grveog em Kesseim

"_EK% flsg` em _u`lm lm` rgturmg` ti oimtemug

trlmscltemh tbg Ic` Pgstlkgmt emti tbg @emdl

clmhulhg4 lm`# Kisgs Kgjel "hrl`ultg` <557%

 wbi glrmg` l @ Kess lt _LE LO_# tglobgs lt tbg

 Prlms+ouctur lc _tu`egs Og mtrg em Gc _lc vl`ir-

kem` lm` bglrt# ti kgmtiremh---

Em _remlhlr# <6> Kusceks bl` hltbgrg` tihgtbgr

em l bispetlc oimagrgmog riik- G`wlr` Xeccelks

"6>>1+6>>5% bl` fggm emvetg` ti l``rgss tbgk#

em l prijgot spimsirg`

fy tbg Obrestelm

Fril`olstemh Mgtwird 

"OFM% tbriuhb wbeob

bg rghuclrcy fril`olsts-

Oimse`gremh et wls tbg

gvg ia Fldre`# G`wlr`

rgtic` tbg mlrrltevg

ia Lfrlblk―s tgst

aium` em Hgmgses 66- Bg wls olrgauc mit ti mlkg

tbg sim em tbg stiry- Ia oiursg# tbg lu`egmog

 wls dggm ti oimtgst tbg e`gmtety ia tbg cl`‐ 

 wbgtbgr et wls Esllo ir Esbklgc- G`wlr` tiid 

tbgk fy surpresg fy piemtemh iut tblt tbes wls

l sgoim`lry essug# oimse`gremh tblt tbg fiy bl`

oikg tbriuhb lcevg latgr lcc- Pbg aious sbiuc` fg

rltbgr im tbg sloreog# tbg dgy gcgkgmt ia Fldre`

ogcgfrlteims- Pbes hlvg bek tbg mgogsslry clumob

emti prgsgmtemh Obrest ls tbg uctekltg sloreog-

 Xbecg _LELO_― r gputlteim a ir trlememh fefceolc

h p #

lm` rg+cglrmemh biw ti tgcc ets stiregs# lrg

 wblt _LELO_ bls e moucoltg` em t bes rgheiml ccy 

pipuclr tgcgvlmhgcest-

Fgse`gs sium` sobiclrsbep# lmitbgr lrgl em

 wbeob iur lcu kme wlcd em tbg stgps ia Hirgb es

 Lpicihgteos-

 Lm EEP "Em`elm Emstetutg ia Pgobmi cihy% es img

ia tbg cgss cedgcy pclogs ti olcc em l Obrestelm ti

spgld ls lm lpicihest#

fut tblt es wbgrg Mgec Qeklcduklr "6>>>+

6>>?% aium` beksgca 

rgogmtcy- Bg wls

emvetg` fy tbg stu`gmt

sioegty ti hevg l tlcd 

im –Aloemh Vgjgoteim

em _ioegty-‛ Mgec bgl`s

tbg Vlve Zloblrels

Emtgrmlteimlc

Kemestregs "VZEK% eveseim air oirpirltg

lm` prgkegr emstetuteims# l kemestry iregmtg`

ti Obrestelm Lpicihgteos- Lt EEP Viurdgg#

Mgec wls `gcehbtg` tblt bg wls hevgm suob l

oir`elc bglremh- Pblt slkg kimtb# Mgwswggd  

bl` l stiry tetcg` –@gltb Xesb#‛ rgpirtemh tbg

h h

VZEK- Mgec slys tbg lol`gkeo rehiur lt

_LELO_ pusbg` bek ti sblrpgm bes lmlcyteolc

sdeccs# bimemh tbg rlzir+g`hg bg mgg`s em

lrhukgmtlteim wetb tbgsg rifust kem`s-

Air lm gxlkpcg ia Hirgb+emsperg kgmtiremh 

 wg kust vese t tbg aii` oiu rt ia l @gcbe klcc#

 wbgrg twi yium h kgm# fitb lh g` twgmty+vg#

set ivgr pezzl- Img es rgl`emh lciu` ti tbg

itbgr l plsslhg arik ^beceppelms- Pbg clttgr

es ^becep Gwlm Ulccl "6>>2+6><<%- Bg urhgs

bes rgl`gr# _tgvg# ti fremh gxprgsseim emti

tbg `gcevgry‐^becep

cglrmg` bes bikecgteos

 wgcc, ^grblps tb lt es

 wby wbgm ^becep bl`

prglobg` lt tbg Mie`l

frlmob ia tbg @gcbe

Fefcg Agcciwsbep

 wbgrg bg es emtgrmemh#

_tgvg olkg up lm`

lsdg` ea becep wiuc`

fg bes kgmtir-

 Pbgy fghlm kggtemh wggdcy lt tbg klcc- Ls tbgy 

tlcdg`# _tgvg fghlm ti ipgm up# gkfic`gmg`

fy ^becep―s olm`e` sblremh- L `ggp emtrivgrt#

oeroukstlmogs bl` cg` bek emti l `iwmwlr`

sperlc- ^becep tluhbt _tgvg tbg flseos bg bl`

cglrmg` em bes Vgsglrob lm` Xretemh _deccs

ki`ucg lt _LELO_‐biw ti rgl` l tgxt si ls

ti e`gmteay tbg –tbgses#‛ lm` tbgm tbg lrhukgmts

suppirtemh tbg tbgses- _tgvg wls si gxoetg` lfiut

ia tbg `rglk-‛ Pbg @gplrtkgmt ia Fefceolc

lm` Pbgiciheolc _tu`egs wls bgl`g` fy 

@r- Dgm Hmlmldlm# tbg @gplrtkgmt ia 

Vgceheim lm` Oucturg wls ivgrsggm fy @r-

 Jibm Pblmme odlc# lm` tbg @gplrtk gmt ia 

Oburob lm` Kesseim wls oikkettg` ti @r-

hgmeus ia tbg remoeplc# @r- Elm lymg-

 Pbg mlkg  Lmteiob  wgcc suets tbg `iir ia tbg

bgl` ia tbg `gplrtkgmt ia  Kesseicih y - _yrelm

 Lmteiob wls wbgrg tbg aicciwgrs ia Obrest

 wgrg rs t e`gmteg ` ls Obres telms "L ots <<:61%-

Gvgm kirg sehmeolmt et wls arik bgrg tblt

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<>7_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>? <>0 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

rg+`esoivgremh tbg ^lucemg gpestcgs tbes wly 

tblt bg lsdg` air kirg tblm tbger semhcg wggdcy 

kggtemh- Ls tbg _orepturg slmd `ggpgr emti bes

kem`# _tgvg fghlm ti resg ti tbg oblccgmhgs ia 

ceag- Pi gvgryimg―s surpresg# bg hit beksgca l jif

lm` es pgrairkemh surpresemhcy wgcc-

_LELO_ olm tgsteay ti l trl`eteim ia kgmtirsbep

 wetbem tbg emstetuteim‐wetbem `gplrtkgmts

tbriuhb iur systgk ia aloucty trlemggsbeps#

 wetbem ogcc hriups tbriuhb aloucty l`vesirs#lm` fgtwggm stu`gmts tbriuhb pggr kgmtiremh 

plrtmgrsbeps- _klcc wim`gr tbgm tblt stu`gmts

cedg ^becep cglrm tbg ripgs wbecg stecc yiumh-

tg Aloucy \ul`rlhcg "6>>>%

@g`eoltg` wetb tbg prlygr tblt et wecc 

 aloecetltg tbg _LELO_ alouct y ti fg 

orgltevg lm` emmivltevg em upbic`emh 

tbg behbgst stlm`lr`s ia tbg bestireolc#

gvlmhgceolc# fefceolc aletb-

Em <521# tbg ki`ucgs iaagrg` lt _LELO_ wgrg

strglkg` emti tbrgg eveseims# glob eveseim

um`gr tbg olrg ia img ia tbg tbrgg –ousti`elms

Hrlblk Biuhbtim- Gvgmtulccy# tbgsg tbrgg

`eaagrgmteltg` aurtbgr emti tbg prgsgmt sgvgm

spgoelcezlteims ipgrltemh iut ia tbg Aloucty 

\ul`rlmhcg# wbeob ipgmg` em tbg mgw 

keccgmmeuk-

 Lhlem# fu ect lcimh tbg cemgs ia tbg klm`lcl #

tbg aloucty iaogs lrg clygrg` emti twi iirs-

Glob iaog ipgms imti tbg vgrlm`lb # wbeob

rums lcimh tbg aiur se`gs lm` fir`grs tbg

ogmtrlc hrlvgccg` hlr`gm- grblps tbg hrggmgry 

rgpcgmesbgs tbg ixyhgm mgg`g` ti dggp tbg

priagssirelc kgmtlc klobemgry bukkemh- Pbg

iaogs wgrg mlkg` l hii` gol`g latgr tbgy 

 wgrg iooup eg`‐lm gxgr oesg ia tbg orglte vg

Gvgm kirg sehmeolmt# et wls arik bgrg tblt

^luc lm` Flrmlfls wgrg oikkesseimg` im

tbg rst kesseimlry jiurmgy "Lots <?:6+?%-

Kesseicihy es tbg gplrtkgmt wetb wbeob

_LELO_ fghlm em <526 um`gr Biuhbtim-

Klmy lrg tbg stu`gmts wbi blvg fghum tbger

kesseimlry jiurmgys arik tbes cious- Pbgy 

blvg himg ti pclogs ls eaouct ls Feblr# imog

dmiwm ls tbg –hrlvgylr` ia kesseims‛4 ti

tgrretiry ls rgkitg ls Lrumloblc rl`gsb# tbg

–clm` ia tbg lwm#‛ behb lhlemst tbg fir`grsia Obeml4 ti tbg fustcemh kgtripicesgs ia 

tbg klemclm`- Ia tbes `gplrtkgmt―s klmy 

emeteltevgs# img es tbg em+biusg lmmulc Kesseim

Oimagrgmog stlrtg` em 6>>?-

 Lt tbg bg lrt ia lmy tbgici heolc ems tetuteim

sbiuc` ceg tbg stu`y ia tbg _orepturgs- Pbg

Fefceolc _tu`egs `gplrtkgmt airklccy olkg emti

fgemh um`gr tbg cgl`grsbep ia @r- Luhustemg

^lhicu "Ic` Pgstlkgmt% em <557 lm` wls

strgmhtbgmg` fy tbg lrrevlc ia @r- E`eobgrel

Memlm "Mgw Pgstlkgmt% em <558- Em 6>>1# tbg

`gplrtkgmt wls rgirhlmezg` emti tbg sestgr

`gplrtkgmts ia  Mgw Pgstlkgmt  ‐bgl`g` fy @r-

Oirmgces Fgmmgkl‐lm` Ic` Pgstlkgmt # um`gr

@r- Jgsu`lsim Fblsdlr Jgylrlj- Pbg img+yglr

^rg+KPb prihrlkkg wls clumobg` lt tbg

clttgr―s emeteltevg# lm` oimtemugs ti prive`g

stu`gmts lm gmvelfcg hrium`emh em tbg fefceolc

clmhulhgs# Bgfrgw lm` Hrggd- Xetb iaogs

mlkg` G`gm lm` ^ltkis # img ekkg`eltgcy 

Plkflrlk rgolccs tbg bestireo tber` Xirc`

Kesseimlry Oimagrgmog ia Plkflrlk ia <5?2#

 wbeob gvgmtu lccy orglt g` tbg Xirc` Oi umoec

ia Oburobgs- Plkflrlk es tbg iaog ia tbg

`gplrtkgmt bgl` ia  Oburob Bestiry # stlrtg`

fy Biuhbtim em <552- Biuhbtim―s rgsglrob

iaagremh Oucturlc Lmtbripicihy lm` Kljir

Vgceheims lm` Oucts- Pbg KPb spgoelcezlteim

em Vgceheims wls l``g` em 6>>2 um`gr @r- Jibm

 Lrum D uklr- Et ipg rltgs iu t ia lm iaog

olccg` @lklsous # gvidemh tbg eccukemlteim

ia `ihklteo Ju`lesk fy tbg frehbt cehbt ia 

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<>8_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>? <>1 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

hgts lm e`gl ia tbg soipg ia tbgsg twi

`gplrtkgmts, Em`gg`# tbg preirety bgrg es ti

pri`uog hrl`ultgs wbi wecc –oirrgotcy blm`cg

tbg wir` ia trutb‛ "6 Pek 6:<7%-

 Pbg yglr <552 slw tbrgg `gplrtkgmts airklccy 

emluhurltg`- Pbg `gplrtkgmt ia  Pbgicihy wls

rg`gsehmg` fy @r- Obrestelm Flrrehlr em <552-

Bg rgpirts tblt tbg ki`gst mukfgr ia blca+l+

`izgm stu`gmts ekkg`eltgcy agcc fy img fgolusg

bg –umairtumltgcy fghlm wetb l oclss im DlrcFlrtb‛, Xetb img ia ets iaogs olccg` Xettgmfgrh #

tbes `gplrtkgmt gvidgs tbg speret ia Klrtem

Cutbgr# wbisg lot ia mlecemh bes cest ia 57

–tbgsgs‛ ir stltgkgmts ti tbg `iir ia tbes oe ty―s

oltbg`rlc fertbg` tbg ^ritgstlmt Vgairklteim-

 Pbus# lkimh itbgr tbemhs# tbes `gplrtkgmt sggds

ti oimtrefutg ti gkgrhemh oimtgxtulc tbgicihegs-

 Pbes es tbg oimtemuemh gaairt ti sgrvg# ls _l`bu

_um`lr _emhb put et# –tbg wltgr ia ceag em lm

Em`elm oup-‛ _LELO_― oicclfirlteim wetb agcciw+

clfiurgrs em tbg gc` wls strgmhtbgmg` wbgm# em

6><<# tbg Vlve Zloblrels Emtgrmlteimlc Kemestregs

"VZEK% emstetutg` l Obler ia Lpicihgteos em tbes

`gplrtkgmt-

im tbg –Ekpivgresbkgmt ia @gpgm`gmoy‛

urhemh air l sgca+sustlememh lm` em`gpgm`gmt+

tbemdemh Em`elm Oburob rgklems l hilc tluhbt

lt _LELO_-

Em tbg slkg yglr# @r- Obrestipbgr Hmlmldlm

airklccy ipgmg` tbg gplrtkgmt ia  ^lstirlc 

Pbgicihy lm` Oiumsgccemh - Pbg bgl`―s iaog es

lppripreltgcy mlkg` _yoblr # tbg wgcc lt wbeob

 Jgsus kem estgrg` t i tbg `ggp# l m` kuctepc g#

mgg`s ia tbg _lklretlm wiklm "Jibm 0%-

 Pbes `gp lrtkgmt b ls l prike mgmt pri cg em

tbg iutput ia tbg _LELO_ ^rgss# wetb fitb

aloucty lm` stu`gmts wretemh air pufceolteim-

 Pbus# _ipm l Duklre―s Dmiw tbg _ehms lm` Dggp

im Civemh wls lm KPb tbgses im sueoe`g tblt

 wls turmg ` emti l fi id- Aloucty F guclb Xii`

bls oimtrefutg` priceolccy ti twi ia tbg

`gplrtkgmt―s spgoelcezlteims‐bikecgteos lm`

oiumsgccemh‐wetb pufceolteims suob ls Purm 

tbg Dgy ti Orgltevety lm` Alkecegs em tbg ^clm ia 

Hi` -

 Pbg `gplr tkgmt ia  Vgceheims wls oimogevg`

lm` ipgrlteimlc arik tbg fghemmemh ls

plrt ia tbg KPb prihrlkkg em Kesseicih y #

Obrestelmety# ls ^luc gmoiumtgrg` Obrest im tbg

ril` ti tblt oety- Xg bglr tbg stu`gmts fghem

tbger oclssgs oblmtemh tbg Cir`―s rlygr em tbg

kgci`eo timgs ia l _lmsdret sbcidl # lm` lrg

rgkem`g` tblt Em`el es tbg orl`cg ia img ia 

tbg ic`gst kljir wirc` rgceheims# Bem`uesk-

Vgetgrltemh tbg rgcgvlmog ia tbes gplrtkgmt

es tbg alot tblt Em`el es bikg ti tbg sgoim`

clrhgst pipuclteim ia tbg yiumhgst kljir

 wirc` rgc eheim# Es clk- Img ia ets lcuk me# wbi

cglrmg` Lrlfeo lm` spgoelcezg` em Esclk# miw 

 wirds em E rlm-

Em tbg glrcy stlhgs# wbecg rgse`gmt Em`elm

aloucty prgsgmog emorglsg` hrl`ulccy#

_LELO_ slw l clrhgr tglobemh oimtrefuteim

arik ivgrsgls- L sklcc slkpcemh ia 

tbger gxpgregmogs bgcps us sgg _LELO_

tbriuhb tbger gygs- @r- @lve` _bgrfemi ia 

 Pym`lcg Wmevgr sety Oicc ghg lm` _g kemlry#

 Pirimti gxpc lems bes pgrspgot evg tbus: – Ky 

um`grstlm`emh ia tbg wirc`we`g oburob es

gxplm`g` Ttbriuhb tglobemh lt _LELO_[-

E hlem mgw emsehbts arik klturg kgm lm`

 wikgm wbis g kemestr y oimtgxt es titlc cy 

`eaagrgmt arik kemg- E rgturm ti tbg oclssriik

em Pirimti wetb kuob kirg ti oimtrefutg

ti ky stu`gmts tbgrg-‛ @r- Lrtbur Ko^bgg

ia Lsfury Pbgiciheolc _gkemlry# Dgmtuody 

oikkgm`s tbg e`gl ia l`jumots: –Hugst

priagssirs hevg tbg stu`gmts fril`gr gxpisurg

` b a e` b e e cc cc

\utlfc \utsBgrg es l pipuclr oiccgoteim ia Biuhbtim+esks-

 Ls l olccmh t `rlkemh feh `rlks---

Xy mt9

Xbgrg i yiu wlmt ti fg em vg yglrs9

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lm` tbgrgairg we`gr birezims emtgccgotulccy#

piceteolccy# oucturlccy-‛ Bes oiccglhug @r-

 Jibm Iswlc` _ lm`grs slys# –E wls ekp rgssg`

fy tbg veseim ia tbg pclog‐Tgspgoelccy[

tbger hrglt olrg em sgcgotemh stu`gmts- Et―s lcc

rgklrdlfcg-‛ @r- Vifgrt Oicgklm ia Hir`im

Oimwgcc Oiccghg em tbg Wmetg` _tltgs lm`

lutbir ia tbg fgst+sgccemh Pbg Klstgr ^clm ia 

_lcvlteim  es –ekprgssg` fy tbg oikkim miim

kglc#‛ mitemh biw skiitbcy tbg `evgrsety 

ia em`eve`ulcs frgld frgl` tihgtbgr wetbiut

rghlr` air olstg ir oucturg- P bg cltg Flrflrl

Ocgkkims wbi cet up tbg olkpus wetb bgr

oblrk air kirg tblm l `gol`g# sukkg` up

tbg aggcemh ia iur ivgrsgls l`jumots wetb bgr

rgklrd: –Pbg pitgmtelc air kuctepceolteim ia 

tbg tglobemh ia sium`

Obrestelm premoepcgs

tbriuhb _LELO_ es

gxoetemh# lm` E lk

pcglsg` ti fg plrt ia 

et-‛

 Xby lrg tb g aloucty#

 wbgtbgr a ucc+tekg

Vles t flr,

Xm E s l s`# E s t lrvst-

@m―t ols tw rlffets---

 Ls olutem wec xoutemh ts `rlks---

Mvr ht xoet` tecc t kmy e s em t flmd-

Xltvr et tlds-

Em bes glcemhs wetb bes iaog stlaa---

Xklm# spld up,

Hgt et rehbt tbg rst tekg-

Xklm# E―k lt plo wet yu-

buhtm+esks lv stres lttlo` t tk# lm` m suo es tlt a @r- Ormces Fmmkl# l`

a t plrtkmt a Mw Pstlkmt- b slys:

–Ky iwm oikemh ti _LELO_ bls l bukirius tiuob- E olkg ti Em`el air tbg rst tekg em <551# ti

tlo ar sex kmts lt t Lccllfl` Fefc _kemlry "LF_%- P lek wls t s wtr H`

wlmt` t us k em tcheolc `uoltem- Em Klro <558# tr wls t lmmulc LF_ Flr`

Ktemh a weo @r- Hrllk buhtm wls t olerklm- E l` lr` a ek# fut l` mvr kt

ek- _# wm wls em LF_# E emtr`uo` kysca t ek- E veve`cy rkkfr ek lsdemh k# –_#

Oir# wbgrg i yiu wlmt ti fg em vg yglrs tekg9‛ E rgpceg`# –E im―t dmiw---wbgrgvgr tbg Cir` cgl`s

kg-‛ Imcy kuob cltgr e` E oikg ti m` iut tblt Hrlblk igsm―t cedg tbgsg vlhug lmswgrs# lm`

prgagrs spgoeo imgs- Lmywly# E e`m―t dmiw lt tblt tekg# mir e` Hrlblk# tblt prgoesgcy vg yglrs

cltr# em Kly 6>>6# H` wuc` pclo k em _LELO_,‛

X lr yt t mur t ourrmt premoeplc wet l occotem a ^lym+esks# fut r es l smld 

prvew-

 Pr es m hlem wetut ^lym,

Ark h` t hrlt,

<>5_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>? 

ir l`jumot# wbgtbgr mlteimlc ir airgehm#

gmtbuselsteo lfiut puttemh tbger sbiuc`grs ti

tbg _LELO_ wbggc9 Pbg lmswgr cegs em tbg

 wir` –emvgst kgmt-‛

Img kirmemh lt oblpgc# tbisg oimhrghltg`

 wgrg emtr ehug` ti sgg lt tbg lctlr l iwg rpit

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<<<_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>? <<> _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

 wetb l yiu mh pclmt- B iuhbtim# w bisg tur m et

 wls ti cgl ` tbg `gvitei m# emtgm`g ` et ls tbg

`ly―s ifjgot cgssim- –Xblt i yiu sgg bgrg9‛

bg lsdg` bes lu`egmog- Mimg ia tbg lmswgrs

bg rgogevg` wgrg quetg wblt bg wls cgl`emh 

up ti- –L trgg#‛ bg suhhgstg`- –@i yiu sgg l

trgg9‛ Kist sgg wblt tbgrg es 4 agw sgg wblt

tbgrg olm  fg - Arik tbg cimh+tgrk emvgstkgmts

pgipcg blvg kl`g# lm` arik tbg lobegvgkgmts

rglcezg` fy ets lcukme# et lppglrs tblt tbg

emstetuteim es `iemh wgcc ls l airgstry mursgry‐ 

ia pitgmtelc cgl`grsbep-

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1GxogccgmogDtlmur 6>>0+6>>2

Cst lm` Aum` Pes hrm lses ls atm srv` ls l rst ar wlry pechreks- ia ts w lv

tldm ter slfflteolcs r es Klcock KoHrhr# Emtrmltemlc @erotr a _EK

"_rvemh em Kessem%- bes wea Cez tccs t stry:

–^rlps et wlsm―t t wesst temh t `# fut m 6m` Jlmulry# 6>><# m lrrevlc

lt Flmhlcr Lerprt# w jukp` em l tlxe lm` st aa ar _LELO_ wr w

 Lcimhse`g l pltb cgl`emh arik tbg Oikkims ti tbg stu`gmts― rgse`gmogs es l sukkletblmhe  

ir rgstemh stimg- Ets twi upstlm`emh hrlmetg pists# tbg bgehbt ia l klm# lrg tippg` fy 

l sclf- _uob l struoturg es oikkim ti tbg ril`s oimmgotemh tbg vecclhgs# lm` es kglmt

air tbisg olrryemh bgl`+cil`s- Pbgy olm glsg iaa tbg fum`cg ia rgwii`# tbg flcg ia bly ir

tbg flsdgt ia vghgtlfcgs imti tbg sclf# lm` rgst lwbecg um`gr ets sbl`g fgairg kldemh tbger wly 

lhlem- _LELO_ wls kglmt ti fg suob l rgstemh pclog air tbisg wbi olkg ti et-

6>>0 klrdg` l sehmeolmt yglr fitb air @r Hrlblk

G cc

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l` rhestr` t ` ur slfflteolc stu`es ar l skstr- P `revr `e wcc

omse remh ur clod a dmwc`h a lmy colc clmhulh lm` t vlhust a 

`erotems weo w hlv ek# fut latr sk tek# em arustrltem# em`eolt`

wls cst lm` stpp` t lsd ar cp ark l yumh klm w ekk`eltcy jukp`

emt t armt slt# wcok` us t Em`el# t Flmhlcr# lm` t _LELO_- b wls

hemh reht tr# tc us# folus wls l kkfr a stlaa wrdemh em t

Cefrlry, Lm` s et wls w wr wcok` emt t okkumety a alet lm` clrmemh

tlt es _LELO_-

 Ls cl`rs a l clrh kessem rhlmesltem# et wls lm mrkus prevech t f hevm

sikg kimtbs air rgst lm` rggoteim- Xg lrg arik Guripg# wg bl` spgmt lckist

twmty ylrs srvemh em Mehrel lm` gtepel# lm` w l` klmy occlhus lm`

arem`s em Mrt Lkreol- ipprtumetes wr pm t us em klmy pclos# fut em t

m` w os _LELO_- Et wls ehcy rokkm`` t us ls l pclo tlt wcok`

lm` aloecetlt` slfflteolc stu`mts lt pst+hrl`ult cvc-

 Ls w cd flod mw# tm ylrs cltr# w lr s tlmdauc tlt w kl` tlt `oesem-

X cv` t quetmss lm` omvmemo a ur cettc lplrtkmt# wr fcss` fy t

fluteauc olkpus# lm` t a` lm` accwsep wr wm`rauc ls t okkumety

hltr` thtr ar klcs- Aloucty hrloeuscy lccw` us t jem ter oclsss# yt

wg lcsi bl` tbg splog lm` tekg air pgrsimlc rgl`emh lm` rggoteim- Xg cglrmg` si

kuo lfut Em`el‐Em`elm estry# pceteos# ouctur# ouro lm` kessems em Em`el-

Fut kist sehmeolmtcy# wg rgkgkfgr tbg aregm`s tblt wg kl`g‐aloucty# stlaa# lm`

stu`mts lced- Xlt l jy et ls fm t accw H`―s cl`emh em ter cevs lm`

kemestry semo hrl`ultem `ly-‛

"Pbg –yiumh klm‛ em qugsteim es ^rlsl` Vli# wbi veve cy rgolccs tbg wbetg

 Lkflssl`ir olr tblt stippg` iutse`g bes hltg ls bg gkgrhg` arik bes biusg ti

wlcd ti wird- Bg rgkgkfgrs tbg oiupcg em et wbi bl` fggm `iemh l oerouet ia tbg

vecclhgs air l hii` biur# lm` wgrg hgttemh vgry lmxeius em`gg`- Cez cgt iut l squglc ia 

`gcehbt# bg slys# lm` sle l prlygr ia tblmdshevemh strlehbtlwly,%

6>>0 klrdg` l sehmeolmt yglr fitb air @r- Hrlblk

Biuhbtim lm` _LELO_- Latgr mglrcy aiur gol`gs ia 

sgrveog em Em`el# ia wbeob twgmty+tbrgg bl` fggm gvitg`

ti tbes emstetuteim# Biuhbtim kl`g prgplrlteims ti rgterg

arik bes ricg ls premoeplc- Bg slw et wls tekg ti glsg iaa 

tbg rgspimsefecetegs bg bl` weccemhcy olrreg` tbus alr# lm` cgt

sikgimg gcsg fglr tbg bgl`+cil` wbecg bg rgterg` ti rgst-

Et wls lhrgg` tblt tbg pgrsim air tbg tlsd wls @r- Lsbesb

Obresplc- Xetb l ^b@ arik tbg Wmevgrsety ia Lfgr`ggm#

_oitclm`# lm` blvemh fggm im tbg aloucty ia Wmeim Fefceolc

_gkemlry# umg# bg bl` sgrvg` ls l`jumot aloucty em

_LELO_― gplrtkgmt ia Pbgicihy# lm` ls aucc+tekg aloucty 

semog 6>>6- Pbg _LELO_ gtbis fgemh estemot arik itbgr

emstetuteims# Obresplc# ls lm emse`gr# wiuc` scep emti tbg ricg

skiitbcy- Em`gg`# Biuhbtim wls dggm tblt tbg blm`ivgr

sbiuc` fg l hii` gxlkpcg ia trlmseteim ia cgl`grsbep

 wetbem Ob restelm i rhlmezlt eims-

Em ir`gr ti aloecetltg l sglkcgss trlmseteim# air l yglr

Obresplc wirdg` em tlm`gk wetb Biuhbtim em tbg piseteim

ia veog+premoeplc- Lcc wgmt ls pclmmg`# lm` em Klrob# 6>>0

Obresplc―s emstlcclteim ls premoeplc wls emtghrltg` emti tbg

hrl`ulteim sgrveog- Biuhbtim airklccy goclrg`# –Xg blvg tbg rehbt klm…wg kl`g tbg rehbt

obieog-‛ Biuhbtim wls lwlr`g` tbg piseteim ia ^remoeplc Gkgretus# lm` rgklemg` tbg Klmlhemh 

 Prustgg-

GxogccgmogDtlmur 6>>0+6>>2

 Ls gkite imlc ls et wls air Bi uhbtim ti

rgcemquesb bes ricg lt _LELO_# bg wls lfcg

ti sgg bes kesseim em pgrspgotevg- –E blvg

lcwlys um`grstii` ky ricg ls lmlcihius ti

solaaic`emh em rgclteimsbep ti l fuec`emh#‛ bg

gxpclemg`- –_olaaic`emh es mgogsslry# fut et es

mit tbg klem tbemh- Lt tbg gm` ia tbg `ly tbg

Lses Oresplc "6>>0+6>>1%

Kglmwbecg#

Obresplc

emluhurltg`

bes tgrk wetb

l fukpgr orip

ia l`kesseims-

ia Kemestry wbeob oltgrg` ti prloteteimgrs

`gserius ia uphrl`emh tbriuhb `estlmog

g`uolteim# lm` tbg ogrteoltg prihrlkkg air

tbg spiusgs ia stu`gmts# rgogevg` l fiist- Pbg

sgrveogs lm` l`kemestrltevg stlaa rgkgkfgr

 wetb hrlt etu`g tblt tbger slc lregs slw l

sehmeolmt bedg-

tbg aiygr# wgrg miw ogcgfrltg` em tbg gcghlmt

alm+sblpg` lu`etireuk# wetb ets rip+ourtlem

stlhg lm` smlzzy cehbts- Lhlem# tbes l``g`

ti tbg kivg arik tbg emairklc tiwlr`s tbg

priagsseimlc- Air fgttgr ir air wirsg# tbg

emstetuteim wls cglvemh fgbem` tbg lys wbgm

stu`gmts orgltevgcy –klmlhg`‛ wetb wbltgvgr

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<<8Gxogccgmog Ditblmur 6>>0+6>>2 <<1 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

solaaic`emh kust fg rgkivg` lm` tbgm tbg

fgluty ia tbg fuec`emh oikgs emti vegw- Olric

lm` E `grevg l hrglt lkiumt ia pcglsurg lm`

sehmeolmog arik wblt bls fggm looikpcesbg`

fy Hi`―s hrlog- Ifveiuscy tbgrg wecc miw 

fg sikg oblmhgs# fut iur prlygr es tblt @r-

Obresplc lm` tbg tglk bgrg wecc `i gvgm

hrgltgr tbemhs air tbg hciry ia Hi` em tbg `lys

lbgl`-‛

 Pbg Biuh btims rgc ioltg` ti M gw Zglclm`#

oikemh flod imog l yglr air Biuhbtim ti

oimtemug tglobemh bes ki`ucg im Cgl`grsbep#

lm` ti lttgm` Filr` kggtemhs- Aurtbgr#

Biuhbtim oimtemug` bes ricg ia klmy cimh 

yglrs ls aum`rlesgr- Pbg clst fuec`emh prijgot

bg bl` emeteltg` wls lm emoikg+hgmgrltemh 

oimagrgmog ogmtrg‐tbg Oimtemuemh G`uolteim

Ippirtumety "OGI% Ogmtrg‐fuect im img

se`g ia tbg _LELO_ pripgrty- Lplrt arik

_LELO_ emtgrgsts# bes ceag ccg` up wetb mgw 

oikketkgmts# lkimh tbgk# tglobemh lt tbg

^gdemh Wmevgrsety em Fgejemh# Obeml-

 Lcsi# lkimh 

aloucty mgwcy 

lppiemtg` wls

tbg Lol`gkeo

@glm @r-

_udbwlmt _emhb Fbltel- Pbg mgw cgl`grsbep

agct tblt l mukfgr ia oblmhgs urhgmtcy 

mgg`g` ekpcgkgmtemh# fitb lol`gkeolccy lm`

l`kemestrltevgcy- Looir`emh ti tbg Luhust#

6>>0 ^remoeplc―s Vgpirt# Obresplc―s stltg` hilc wls –fgttg r tglk klml hgkgmt# s trglkcem emh 

tbg lol`gkeo ceag-‛

 Ls bg lm` F bltel wirdg` tihgtbgr tiwlr`

tbgsg stltg` hilcs# mgw systgks lm` priogssgs

 wgrg put e mti pclog: arik uph rl`emh iao g

oikputgrs ti strglkcememh tbg l`kesseims

priogss4 arik emstlccemh we+ ti rgstruoturemh 

stu`gmt ogcc hriups lm`# arik upsdeccemh 

sgorgtlregs ti emtri`uoemh imhiemh 

`gvgcipkgmt tbriuhb wirdsbips- Pbgsg wgrg

yglrs ia rgstruoturemh- Air tbg rst tekg#

tbrgg+yglr lm` vg+yglr+pclms wgrg cle` iut#

sgttemh hilcs air tbg gplrtkgmts lm` tbg

emstetuteim- rihrlkkgs suob ls tbg @iotir

h

 Pbg oblmhg s wgrg wgcc +emtgmtei mg`# lm` bgcp g`

ti hevg tbg emstetuteim l cglmgr lm` ttgr sblpg-

Air gxlkpcg# kivemh tbg stlrt ia tbg `lecy 

kirmemh oblpgc flod fy vg kemutgs# si tblt

et stlrtg` lt 2-67 rltbgr tblm 2-?> lk# bgcpg`

fuaagr cimhgr sgrkims lm` hgt oclssgs stlrtg`

im tekg- Biwgvgr# air gxlkpcg# mit gvgryfi`y 

oiuc` lpprgoeltg wby sikg ia tbg hrlmetg+

plvg` clmgs# si kuob plrt ia tbg lrobetgoturlc

gtbis# wgrg rgpclog` wetb lspblct- Xbecg tbg

emstetuteim wls fgemh gxgroesg` emti l mgw 

sblpg# tbg rehiur kly blvg fggm tii kuob

tii queod# lm` sikg ia tbg lgrifeos gvgm

`gtrekgmtlc ti ets oimstetuteim-

 Lkimh tbg blppy gvgmts ia tbes pgr ei` wls

tbg emluhurlteim ia tbg oimagrgmog ogmtrg- Em

 Luhust 6>>7 # tbg OGI Ogm trg wls oik pcgtg`

lm` g`eoltg` ls l vgmug air sgkemlrs#

oimagrgmogs# lm` itbgr hltbgremhs- Xetb tbg

oikkumety hriwemh em mukfgrs# ets hltbgremhs

 wgrg miw bgc ` bgrg- Args bgrs― lm` Oucturlc

Mehbts# wbeob usg` ti fg looikki`ltg` em

y h

 wls lvleclfcg-

Kglmwbecg# Fbltel wls ekpcgkgmtemh oblmhgs-

Obresplc sle`# –E bl` ti rgcioltg sikg stlaa#

rgirhlmesg sikg gplrtkgmts-‛ Bg gxpclems

tblt tbes recg` up gkiteims# fut bg agct bg bl`

tbg rehbt ti `i tbes- Xetb tbes# l hlp airkg`

lm` hrl`ulccy we`gmg` wetbem tbg tglk-

6>>1+6>>8 wls tbg tber` ia Obresplc―s yglrs lt

tbg bgck- Em tbg cehbt ia tbg imhiemh areoteim#

l oblem ia gvgmts hlemg` trloteim# rgsuctemh 

em tbg rgsehmlteims ia Obresplc lm` Fbltel

ke`wly tbriuhb tbg lol`gkeo yglr- Lt tbg

trustggs― emvetlteim# Obresplc –rgl` ti tbgk

l vg+plhg plpgr gxpclememh tbg `eaouctegs

ia trlmseteim‛: –…oblmhgs wgrg emgvetlfcg

lm` wetb tbgk olkg tbg oblccgmhgs lm`

bglrtlobgs-‛ Bg agct tbgrg wgrg em _LELO_

–ogrtlem klmlhgrelc lm` l`kemestrltevg

stycgs tblt wgrg mit oim`uoevg ti cimh+tgrk

sustlemlfecety#‛ lm` bg lm` Fbltel treg` ti kldg

oirrgoteims- Fut# et lppglrs# tbgy oiuc` mit

tldg tbg tglk wetb tbgk- Pbgrgairg# Obresplc

cimh yglrs ia tglobemh gxpgregmog lt tbg Wmeim

Fefceolc _gkemlry# umg# Brlmhdbukl olkg

ti _LELO_ em 6>><- Pbg Filr` ia Prustggs

rgqugstg` bek ti fg emtgrek premoeplc# tecc

l pgrklmgmt sicuteim oiuc` fg aium`- Bg

lhrgg`# bipemh et wiuc` mit tldg tbgk cimh-

 Ls et bl ppgmg`# et tiid twi yglr s- Ivgr

Ourreoucuk gvgcipkgmt rgogevg` mgw 

ekpgtus- Pbg Ic` Pgstlkgmt gplrtkgmt

emtri`uog` tbg prg+KPb prihrlkkg# wbeob

bgcpg` ti ekprivg tbg qulcety ia emtldg

emti ets KPb- Ls tbg setulteim stlfecezg`#

@r- Flfu Ekklmugc ia tbg Mgw Pgstlkgmt

`gplrtkgmt wls lppiemtg` lol`gkeo glm-

LPL loorg`et lteim wls r gmgwg` Gvgmt ulccy

stltg ia Dgrlcl-

Cltgr# em bes

mltevg Mgw 

Zglclm`# bg

trlemg` ti fg lm

lrobetgot lm`

 wirdg` ls img-

sgmsg` tbg blm` ia Hi`# lm` loogptg`- Em

Klrob 6>>2# lt Hrl`ulteim# tbg fltim plssg`

emti bes blm`s- Pbg sgrveogs stlaa rgkgkfgrg`

bek ls lm laalfcg stu`gmt- Pbg l`kemestrltevg

stlaa lm` aloucty rgolccg` bek ls l wirtby 

lol`gkeo lm` lkelfcg oiccglhug- Lm` si# l

mgw pblsg fghlm-

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<<5Gxogccgmog Ditblmur 6>>0+6>>2 <<2 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

 writg tblt bg rgse hmg` fgolus g ia oclsbgs

lm` –clod ia oiipgrlteim-‛ Bg sle` bg spgmt

–tbg plst twi yglrs fgemh rlemg` fy pgtty 

essugs-‛ Xetb hrglt hrlog# bg sekuctlmgiuscy 

gxprgssg` bes weccemhmgss ti oimtemug tglobemh 

lt _LELO_-

 Xetb tbes# _LELO_ lm` tb g twi kgm plr tg`

 wlys- @uremh tbes tek g# lmitbgr ippirtu mety 

olkg up air bek wetb Ivgrsgls Oiumoec

Emtgrmlteimlc# lm` Obresplc kivg` im-

Biwgvgr# bes rgclteimsbep wetb _LELO_ e`

mit gm`# lm` wg wecc oikg ti tblt cltgr-

Alle brlhdukl "6>>1+6>>2%

 Pbg mgg` i a t bg biur wls l klm wbi oi uc`

–stlm` em tbg hlp‛ orgltg` fy tbg `gplrturg

ia tbg premoeplc lm` lol`gkeo glm- @r- Almle

Brlmhdbukl wls iatgm aim`cy rgagrrg` ti ls

tbg –pltrelrob‛ ia _LELO_- Xetb l b@ arik

tbg Auccgr Pbgiciheolc _gkemlry# W_L# lm`

tbes tekg Brlmhdbukl wls oimrkg` ls

premoeplc pripgr- grblps tbg kist vlculfcg

oimtrefuteim bg kl`g wls ti bic` tbg

emstetuteim tihgtbgr lt tbes oreteolc tekg-

Em`gg`# bes frega wls ti dggp tbg pglog- Ugt#

bg agct tblt lm emstetuteim oiuc` mit trgl`

 wltgr air tii cimh wetbiut s uooukfem h ti

altehug- _i# cettcg fy cettcg# bg kivg` _LELO_

airwlr`- Pbg tglk wls rgoimstruotg`#

lm` l`kemestrlteim gogmtrlcezg`- Xetbtbes# tbg vlreius gplrtkgmts aium` l mgw 

em`gpgm`gmog lm` fghlm ti tbrevg- Em l``eteim

ti tbger rghuclr rgspimsefecetegs# tbg gplrtkgmt

bgl`s sblrg`

tbg tlsds ia tbg

lol`gkeo `glm-

 L tlmhefcg sgmsg

ia tglkwird 

gkgrhg`‐ 

aloucty lm` stlaa 

um`grstii` lm`

gmjiyg` wblt

et kglmt ti fg

–oi+clfiurgrs-‛

 LPL loorg`et lteim wls r gmgwg`- Gvgmt ulccy#

_LELO_ olkg tbriuhb tbg stirk- Em

rgtrispgot# aloucty rgklrdg` tblt gvgm lt tbg

 wirst pgr ei`# tbg oi kkumety wls oimtlemg`

 wetbem tbg sgrgmety ia tbg gyg ia tbg stir k-

Img ia tbg clst gvgmts ia mitg `uremh tbes

pgrei` wls lm larklteim ia l systgk tblt

bl` fggm em pclog arik tbg fghemmemh- Em 6>>2#

tbg Bikg Kemestry lt @gcbe sgmt lu`etirs

ti `gtgrkemg ea _LELO_ wls rgpirtemh lm`blm`cemh tbger aum`s looir`emh ti hivgrmkgmt

rghuclteims- Fghemmemh lt <527# tbgy obgodg`

lcc tbg fiids# kivemh tbriuhb olpetlc lssgts#

clm` puroblsgs em _LELO_― mlkg# lm`

oimstruoteim rgoir`s- Lcc wls em ir`gr lm`

tbgy wgrg wgcc sltesg`- Ls Oblerpgrsim @r-

 L J Lmlm`lm wiuc` rgp irt# –Pb gy olkg# tb gy 

slw# lm` wg oimqugrg`-‛

El lyg "6>>2+ %

 Ls tbg sg lrob air p remoeplc hltbgrg` stglk#

tbg mlkg ia @r- Elm ^lymg aium` etsgca im tbg

sbirt cest- Pbg obec` ia kesseimlry plrgmts#

^lymg bl` spgmt bes obec`bii` em tbg siutbgrm

Bglremh tbg

olcc ti fuec` tbg

oburob rltbgr

tblm oburob

fuec`emhs# bg tiid up tbgiciheolc g`uolteim-

Air tbg Klstgrs# bg rgturmg` ti Em`el# lm`

hlemg` lm KPb em Pbgicihy arik _LELO_-

Arik bgrg bg wgmt im ti `iotirlc stu`egs em

 Lfgr`ggm# _oitclm`# wb ecg stec c tglobemh lt_LELO_- Cltgr# bg rgturmg` ti Mgw Zglclm`

lm` tiid up gkpciykgmt ls tbg premoeplc ia 

^ltbwlys Oiccghg ia Fefcg lm` Kesseim em

 Luodclm`-

 Xbgm em 6>>2 bg bglr` tb lt tbg _LE LO_

 Prust wls oimse`gre mh bek ai r tbg pis eteim

ia premoeplc# –bg wls quetg lstium`g`-‛

–_biuc`m―t yiu fg ciidemh air lm Em`elm9‛

^lymg lsdg`-

–Xg wecc kldg iur obieog im kgret#‛ rgpceg`

Oblerpgrsim Lmlm`lm# –mit im rgheim ir

clmhulhg-‛ Xbgm lsdg` lhlem l yglr cltgr#

^lymg rgoimse`grg` bes emetelc rgcuotlmog#

 Lkimh tbg gvgmts ia ^lymg―s rst ag w 

kimtbs em cgl`grsbep wls Obresplc―s cgttgr

ti tbg trustggs gxprgssemh bes `gserg air

rgoimoecelteim- _LELO_― 6>>2 Lmmulc Vgvegw 

lm` Lu`et pufcesbg` l plrlhrlpb gsorefemh 

 wblt blppg mg`:

–Vgogmtcy @r- Lsbesb Obresplc# remoeplc ia 

_LELO_ arik 6>>0+6>>1# lsdg` ti spgld 

ti tbg oikkumety lt _LELO_- _i im << tb 

_gptgkfgr# klmy iaog stlaa# hlr`gmgrs#

aloucty# stu`gmts# lm` trustggs "emocu`emh tbg

aium`emh premoeplc lm` oblerklm ia tbg Prust%

hltbgrg` em tbg Oblpgc- @r- Obresplc sle`#

‒@uremh ky tgmurg ls tbg premoeplc ia _LELO_

lm` tbg gvgmts surrium`emh ky rgsehmlteim

sikg lspgots blvg olusg` plem ti sikg aloucty 

lm` stu`gmts- E loogpt tbg rgspimsefecety lm`

lpicihezg air tbes ls wg mgg` ti rgoimoecg air

tbg hciry ia iur Cir` lm` Klstgr Jgsus Obrest-

Wctekltgcy tbes ceag es trlmsetiry lm` wg olmmit

dggp cimh looiumts- Lcsi# iur Cir` olccs us ti

aicciw bek ls airhevgm lm` airhevemh esoepcgs-

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<6<Gxogccgmog Ditblmur 6>>0+6>>2 <6> _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

_LELO_ bls l oruoelc ricg ti pcly em fuec`emh 

up tbg cgl`grsbep air tbg fi`y ia Jgsus Obrest

em Em`el lm` wg mgg` ti stlm` tihgtbgr air Bes

Demh`ik oimogrms-―

–Pbg premoeplc rgspim`g`# loogptemh tbg

lpicihy lm` larkemh @r- Obresplc―s oiurlhg

lm` aletbaucmgss- Bg gxprgssg` lpprgoelteim

lcsi tblt @r- Obresplc es imltemh bes

pgrsimlc cefrlry ti _LELO_- ‒Pbg ioolseim

bls fggm l wim`grauc gxlkpcg#― @r- ^lymg

sle`- ‒Vgoimoecelteim es plrt ia Obrestelm ceag

lm` esoepcgsbep-― Latgr l ocisemh prlygr# tbg

oikkumety sblrg` l spgoelc latgrmiim tgl-‛

Em l flodwlr` ciid lt tbg kikgmt# ^lymg

ifsgrvgs# –Xg blvg cglrmg` biw ti kldg l

pufceo lpicihy# lm` wg―vg cglrmg` biw ti

rgogevg img‐wetb ipgmmgss lm` airhevgmgss-‛

_peretulc airklteim oclss kg`etltemh im 

 Jgrgkelb <2 

333

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8PglkwirdDtlmur 6>>5+6><6

Fgtwggm tbg Oikkims lm` tbg Oblpgc ia tbg Vgsurrgoteim tbgrg usg` ti fg l olotus hlr`gm-

 Pbes es img ia tbisg agltur gs tblt iur hlr`gmgrs olm put tihgtbgr em l `ly- Pbgy cly l pclsteo

hrium` sbggt ivgr tbg obisgm lrgl# out iut bicgs em et lt sgcgotg` piemts# pecg tihgtbgr l

oiupcg ia fiuc`grs ti sgr vg ls l aiolc piemt# semd tbg pittg` pclmts emti tbg bicgs# lm` oivgr ivgr tbg

pclsteo wetb lm emob ir twi ia hrlvgc-

Vgogmtcy# tbg olotus hlr`gm rgogevg` l kldgivgr# stlrtemh wetb tbg vgry hrium` sbggt# wbeob wls

rgpclog` wetb cimh+cglvg` orlf hrlss- Pbg olote `eslppglrg`

lm` tbg cecy pim`s wgrg gmclrhg` ^gtgr tbg hlr`gmgr‐tbgrgPglkwird

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lm` tbg cecy pim`s wgrg gmclrhg`- ^gtgr# tbg hlr`gmgr‐tbgrg

lrg twi ia tbgk# fefceolccy rgagrrg` ti ls Aerst lm` _goim`

^gtgr‐gxpclems tbg oblmhgs- Xetb tbg mukfgr ia olkpus

obec`rgm stgl`ecy emorglsemh# tbgrg wls tbg `lmhgr tblt sikg

olrgcgss imgs kehbt rgogevg looe`gmtlc loupumoturg- Fgse`gs#

sikg obec`rgm wgrg wbecemh lwly tekg fy emhemh tbg hrlvgc

emti tbg cecy pim`s# cetgrlccy hevemh tbg iwgrs l blr` tekg-

Fitb olote lm` hrlvgc bl` ti hi- Pekgs oblmhg lm` hlr`gms

kust dggp em stgp-

Im l kuob clrhgr olmvls# tbg tekgs lrg oblmhemh em Em`el- Em

tbger Jucy 6><< essug# Obrestelmety Pi`ly olrreg` l stiry olccg`

–Em`el―s Hrlssriits Vgvevlc-‛ Oetemh tbg umequg kgtbi`s put

emti loteim fy oriss+oucturlc Em`elm kesseimlregs# et ocisgs wetb

tbes quitg: –Pi`ly# fril` goimikeo lm` oucturlc rgairks lrg

swggpemh Em`elm oetegs# lm` vecclhgs aggc tbg speret ia oblmhg-

Em`elms lrg obiisemh mgw wlys ia ceag‐lm` klmy kirg lrg

gkfrloemh tbg hispgc lm` aicciwemh Obrest- Vgsglrobgrs lhrgg

tblt Em`el bls kirg Obrestelms miw tblm lt lmy itbgr tekg em

ets 0#>>>+yglr bestiry-‛

 Xetb tbgsg wem`s ia oblmhg fciwemh# _LELO_ kust lttgm` ti‐mit imcy ets hlr`gm hrium` sbggts#

fut‐suob rgvevlcs# ea mit peimggr tbgk- @r- Elm ^lymg# lttgmtevg ti tbg pucsg ia wblt es blppgmemh#

bic`s iut l fic` hilc air tbg Emstetutg―s auturg: –Hiemh arik hii` ti hrglt-‛ Em tbg 62 tb Lmmulc

Vgpirt lm` Lu`et 6>>5+6><># bg lodmiwcg`hgs tblt suob l purpisg –emvicvgs oimstlmt ekprivgkgmt-

PglkwirdDtlmur: 6>>5+6><6

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<61 <68Pglkwird  Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6  Pglkwird  Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6 

Iur veseim es ti fg l wirc`+oclss pisthrl`ultg 

tbgiciheolc emstetuteim em _iutb Lsel# hrgltcy 

sgrvemh tbg kesseim ia tbg Oburob ia Obrest

hciflccy-‛

Em wblt wlys `igs _LELO_ prgplrg ets stu`gmts

ti sgrvg tbg mlteim lm` tbg hciflc oburob9 Ivgr

tbgsg tbrgg `gol`gs# tbgrg lrg sikg gcgkgmts

tblt wg blvg olrgauccy hulr`g` lhlemst oblmhg-

 Pbus# tbg kldgivgr air tbg hlr`gm wls `img

fy tglkwird# lm` tbg gm` pri`uot wls just ls

lgstbgteolccy pcglsemh ls ets prg`gogssir- Itbgr

gcgkgmts blvg l`lptg` ti tbg oblmhemh setulteims

lm` mgg`s‐tbus# tbg hrlvgc kldgs wly air hrlss-

 Xg olm oltlcihug tbg `estemotevg gcgkgmts ia tbg

_LELO_ –speret ia pclog‛‐ets gtbis-

Gqulcey

–Blvg yiu kgt tbg bgl` hlr`gmgr9‛ @r- Hrlblk

Biuhbtim wiuc` lsd stu`gmts- Im _ltur`lys#

img olkg loriss tbes plrteouclr hlr`gmgr# `rgssg`

em `lrd fcug jglms lm` smgldgrs# oikpcgtg wetb

hihhcgs lm` hlr`gm sbglrs- Bg wiuc` kldg bes

 wggdcy rium` ia tbg olkpus# trekkemh l bg`hg

bgrg# prumemh flod l risg fusb tbgrg- Lt itbgr

tekgs# Biuhbtim tbg hlr`gmgr oiuc` fg aium` lt

tbg Oikkims# fuodgtemh iut tbg irhlmeo wlstg

emti tbg oikpist pets# ir `iwm im bes dmggs

umocihhemh l `rlem-

Gqulcety es l Obrestelm `gklm` _LELO_ tldgs

sgreiuscy- Xg emtgmteimlccy l``rgss iursgcvgs

ti tbg klttgr ia olstg lm` oclss# tbg flmg ia 

tbg Em`elm oikkumety- Pbus# air gxlkpcg# em l

oiumtry wbgrg tbg ciwgr olstgs kly mit `rlw 

 wltgr arik lm uppgr olstg wgcc# tbg wbic g

_LELO_ oikkumety glts ets kglcs tihgtbgr-

–Xg mirklccy wiuc`m―t obiisg l jif tblt

rgquergs us ti wlsb tbg tiecgts#‛ oimagssgs

Oblm`rl tbg ocglmemh cl`y# rgagrremh ti l olstg+

rgcltg` tlsd- Lt _LELO_ tbgy blvg cglrmg` tbg

 6>>5‐Jiemt aloucty# stlaa lm` sgrveogs stlaa rgtrglt+ rst gvgr,

Oclm lm` Hrm Ju`etb ^lymg# weag ia tbg ourrgmt premoeplc# rgolccs

tbg fghemmemhs ia _LELO_― wlstg klmlhgkgmt 

systgk:

Em <55?# w olk t _LELO_- Elm wls hemh t `

t KP r- X olk ls l alkecy wet ur tr

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omtlem` klmy prloteolc lm` orltev prjots-

`ehmety ia clfiur# lm` gmjiy tbg rgspgot hevgm

gqulccy ti lcc-

Cglreh

_tu`yemh ti sbiw imgsgca l wirdklm lpprivg`

umti Hi` stlrts lt tbg hltg ia _LELO_- Im

rgqugst# Lmlm` tbg wltobklm wecc rgl` yiu

tbg emsorepteims im tbg fiuc`gr lt tbg hltg- @r-

Jibm Lr m D klr tbg o rrgmt bgl` ia tbg

tbiuhbt- Pbg lotevety es mgetbgr lol`gkeos air

lol`gkeos― sldg mir l espcly ia img+upklmsbep-

Et es si tblt stu`gmts wecc cglrm ti civg tbg CIV@

 wetb tbger emtgccgot# lm` –fg prgplrg ti hevg lm

lmswgr ti gvgryimg wbi lsds Ttbgk[ ti hevg tbg

rglsim air tbg bipg tblt Ttbgy[ blvg "< gt- ?:<7%-‛

Gxogccgog

Pbg ocglmemh cl`egs wecc mgvgr airhgt tbg yglr

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 Lt m stlh t hercs e` l prjot m t

mvermkmt- Py os t ehceht t

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t mvermkmt- Lt tes tek# _LELO_ wls puttemh

lcc t a` wlst emt l clrh hrum` pet- bwvr#

rhlr`css a Olrc buhtm―s xrtltems#

gvgrytbemh gcsg wls lcsi m`emh ets wly emti tbg pet

ls wcc‐pclsteo flhs femh t wrst aam`rs-

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em t p tlt stu`mts wuc` s tlt ortlemetgks oiuc` fg rgusg` ir sic` lm` fgmgt fitb

t prsm lm` okkumety- imo# lt cumotek#

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ter l`vrtesemh far t stu mts- Py

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ty wr trwemh emt t pet lm` t kld sur

tlt ty wr femh rspmsefc wet ter wlst

`espslc-

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fgmgts- Xg blvg oiciur oi`g` fems em gvgry

lplrtkmt ar shrhltemh plrteouclr etks emt#

lm` lv lecy occotems-

 Uu mcy m` t wlcd em truh t hlts t s

w –oclm lm` hrm‛ t olkpus es,

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fiid fy wbeob ti cglrm tbg flseos ia tbg Gmhcesb

clmhulhg em tberty `lys- Pbes cg` ti Fefcg stu`egs

lm` aurtbgr Gmhcesb cgssims- Lmlm` rgolccs tblt

ls Biuhbtim wlcdg` fy bg wiuc` obgod im bes

rgceheius g`uolteim wetb queod qugsteims# ti

 wbeob Lmlm` wiuc` sbiut iut lmswgrs‐l sirt

ia oltgobesk im tbg rum,

 Lol`gkeos lrg lm emtghrlc oikpimgmt ia tbg

_LELO_ gtbis- Pbg oclssriik ler rgsium`s wetb

tbg flod+lm`+airtb fgtwggm aloucty lm` stu`gmts#

tbg stimg fgmobgs um`gr tbg trggs blvg firmg tbg

 wgehbt ia klmy l tbgiciheolc `gfltg# gvgm kglc

tekgs fgoikg pricimhg` ls img tlfcg ir lmitbgr

sgrvgs etsgca lm l``eteimlc oiursg ia aii`+air+

 Pbg ocglmemh cl`egs wecc mgvgr airhgt tbg yglr

tbger lmmulc vg pgrogmt emorgkgmt wls wetbbgc`

fgolusg img ia tbgk bl` cgat tbg oclssriik

 wem`iws ipgmg` lt tbg gm` ia tbg `ly- Im

tbg itbgr blm`# _ukltbe Luhustemg# wbi wls

klmlhgr ia tbg Oikkims# tiid l siatgr cemg-

_bg wiuc` hgmtcy rgpreklm` tbg cl`egs ea tbger

kips `e` mit emvgstehltg `lrd oirmgrs# hevemh 

tbgk l fefceolc rglsim wby tbgy sbiuc` `i

tbger wird wgcc- Hcirel Jlsim# weag ia lm glrcy 

lol`gkeo `glm lm` olkpus klmlhgr# wiuc`

oljicg qulcety wird iut ia tbg ocglmemh cl`egs

 wetb –swggt‛ rgwlr`s-

Arik tbg wirdgrs ti tbg aloucty# tbg wltobwir`

bls lcwlys fggm –gxogccgmog-‛ Klmy lm lcukmus

bls fggm klrdg` fy et- –Et sbiws tblt yiu lrg l

hrl`ultg ia _LELO_#‛ pgipcg sle` lpprgoeltevgcy 

ia Vglobgr Xeccelks# l h rl`ultg lm` wirdgr em

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trlmsairkg` fy rgturmemh gkpciyggs- –Uiu―vg

orgltg` l _LELO_ bgrg,‛ tbgy sle`# wbgm

Klmesgcve lm` ^rlfbldlrl _lrltby rgstruoturg`

tbger irhlmezlteim―s kesseims trlememh sobiic

_iclr wltgr bgltemh# wltgr trgltkgmt pclmt 

lm` wlstg klmlhgkgmt systgk dggp _LELO_ 

gmverimkgmtlccy oimsoeius-

333

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mesbg` fuec emhs- Em l``eteim# bg hlvg et l

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hevemh et l mlk tecc _lkuc Vlylm# t wltoklm#

lppce` es kem` t et- @pcy kv` fy t Are ly

meht kve w lssuk mlk` t lmeklc

 Lmlm` tbg wltobklm tgccs ia tbg mehbt wbgm bes

 weag wls em clfiur- Pbgsg wgrg tbg `lys wbgm

trlmspirt wls ceketg`- Pbg lol`gkeo `glm# @r-

 Luhustemg ^lhicu# friuhbt lcimh bes frlm`

mgw Aelt# agrreg` bgr ti tbg ciolc bispetlc# lm`

 wletg` tecc tbg flfy wls `gcevgrg` slagcy# wgcc plst

ke`mehbt- Im bes rst Obrestkls tbg cettcg img

 wiuc` rgogevg l heat# ls lcc itbgr sgrveogs stlaa 

obec`rgm `e` yglr latgr yglr- Fclmdgts sobiic

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meht kve# w lssuk# mlk` t lmeklc

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t hcry em t mlk a –Jlod-‛

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m tek l cvr a olmems- Jlod us` t f te` up

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alr `estlmo um`r t pro a t Cefrlry lt t

tr m` a t clwm- _kwr em t flod a 

es kem` mt` tlt Jlod wls stecc cs-

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kem` em tlt frea xpremo a trmety- ^rlps

bg rgl`ecy e gmteg` wetb tbg plssgmhgrs lfilr`

t semdemh Petlmeo-

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lt Jblmse em Mirtb Em`el- Ls air _blcik Fefcg

_gkemlry em Dibekl em tbg mirtbglst# klmy sly 

tblt et ki`gcs etsgca lcimh _LELO_ cemgs# wetb

sgvgrlc ia ets aloucty fgemh trlemg` bgrg- _LELO_

gmoiurlhgs ets oikkumety ti sloreog kg`eiorety 

im tbg lctlr ia gxogccgmog# ls tbger wirsbep ia#

lm` sgrveog ti# Hi`-

Ceveh e Okkuey

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emvetg` ti sblrg bgr cimh kgkiregs ia wirdemh 

ls plrt ia tbg sgr veogs stlaa- Et lppglrs tblt tbgrg

 wls sikg kesum`grstlm`emh fgtwggm bgr lm` tbg

klmlhgr ia tbg Oikkims- _bg wls `eskessg`-

_ikgimg em tbg l`kemestrlteim emvgstehltg` tbg

klttgr aurtbgr# aium` bgr emmiogmt lm` bl` bgr

rgemstltg`- Xblt es kirg# tbg Oikkims klmlhgr

lpicihezg` ti bgr- Pbgrg blvg fggm ioolseims

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l hlr`gmgr ir l oiccglhug# lm` tbgm lpicihezg`

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hrium`skgm# tgstekimegs lfium` lfiut biusg

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blvg fggm surpresg` fy heats ia kimgy cgat em

tbger pehgim+bicgs# wirdgrs blvg fggm rgsoug`

arik oyocgs ia `gft# klr relhgs blvg fggm

kg`eltg`# lm` klmy blvg himg tbg gxtrl kecg ti

suppirt sikgimg seod-

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 vlm ti fremh tbg _LELO_ hugsts ti ky wg``emh#‛

skecgs Oblm`rl# tbg ocglmemh cl`y- –Lm`# ea mit

air _ukltbe lddl  ‐tbg weag ia tbg lol`gkeo

`glm‐wbi sgmsg` E wls ecc lm` tiid kg ti

tbg bispetlc# E wiuc` mgvgr blvg dmiwm E bl` l

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lm` Are`ly iut em tbg rglc wirc`- Ea tbes es Loogpt#

tbg bikg air BEQ pltegmts iwm tbg ril`# tbg

stu`gmt kly oikg flod wetb lm gxpgregmog ia 

prgplremh l fi`y air furelc- Ea tbes es tbg Flptest

Bispetlc―s sgrveog ti tbg vecclhgs lrium` tbg oety#

tbg stu`gmt oikgs flod blvemh slt im l ku` iir

lm` blvemh bglr` lm` oiumsgccg` sikgimg wbi

 wls tbemdemh ia sueoe`g-

Ls ^lymg gxpclems# –@uremh tbger prihrlkkg

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prifcgk wetb ky tbyrie`-‛

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_LELO_ arik l mgehbfiuremh stltg- –_i kuob

si# tblt E wiuc` wggp arik bikgseodmgss- L

stu`gmt oiupcg emvetg` kg bikg air tgl# lm` tblt

kl`g lcc tbg `eaagrgmog-‛

Kesse

Im _um`lys# tbg lol`gkeo `glm bl` l kesseim

tblt tiid bek ti tbg Oikkims- Lwlrg tblt

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ls ti hgt tbg _um`ly cumob im tbg tlfcgs# @r-

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tldg l –sgrveog‛ air tbg blm`auc ia oiids lm`

lssestlmts- Arik tbgsg glrcy `lys# kesseim wls

lm emtghrlc plrt ia _LELO_# ets rlesim ―gtrg  ‐tbg

rglsim et gxestg`-

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cglrmemh gquep tbg stu`gmt air kemestry9‛ Pbes

emtgmteimlcety bls emorglsg` wetb tbg emtri`uoteim

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emti tbg KL prihrlkkg# stlrtemh em 6><<-

_tu`gmts spgm` aiur wggd`lys em tbg oclssriik

 Ls ^lymg gxpclems# @uremh tbger prihrlkkg

stu`gmts wecc gxpgregmog supgrvesg` kesseim ir

kemestry prloteog- Airtmehbtcy oclss `esousseims

lm` plpgrs fremh emtghrlteim fgtwggm tbg

oclssriik lm` tbg oimtgxt- Pbriuhb OFC# ciolc

oburobgs lm` irhlmezlteims wecc sblrg wetb us

tbg prevecghg ia fremhemh lfiut trlmsairkemh 

g`uolteim-‛

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spgoelcezlteim _LELO_ bipgs wecc sgrvg oburob

lm` plrl+oburob gstlfcesbkgmts-

Oeuus Wphrl`eh

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em tbg oikputgr clf# wbeob wls tbg riik lfivg

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biurcy scits lm`# ti fglt tbg rusb# tbgses wretgrs

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 wltobklm wiuc` ipgm tbg clf- Pbg setulteim bls

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pufcesemh# et lr`cy surpress tlt fuec`emhs

fok es kus- Em <558# @r- Elm lym

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tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh# kldemh wly air tbrgg sklcc

oclssriiks- _ehmeolmt sgoteims ia tbg olkpus lrg

cemdg` emti tbg emtgrmgt fy we+-

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fuec`emh tblt sbgcvgs ivgr airty tbiuslm` vicukgs-

Lcc _LELO_ `essgrtlteims lrg em `ehetlc airk Et es

Kesseimlry rlygr Flm` "AK^F%# tbg Em`elm

Gvlmhgceolc Kesseim "EGK%# Wmeim ia Gvlmhgceolc

_tu`gmts ia Em`el "WG_E% lm` Em`elm Kesseimlry 

_ioegty "EK_%# tbgrg bls fggm l stgl`y strglk ia 

kesseimlregs wlmtemh ti uphrl`g tbger sdeccs-

_LELO_ es lcsi wirdemh iut loorg`etlteim air ets

`ghrggs arik tbg Wmevgrsety ia Kysirg‐img

ia tbg tip sgvgmtggm umevgrsetegs em Em`el- Et

rgoihmezgs _LELO_ –ls l Ogmtgr air _pgoelcezg`

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pemr` _LELO_ ufceoltems# tloemh

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wls t astr Em`elm lutrsep lm` wretemhs-

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mlk ark t orwmemh hcry a t E mstetut

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t –_per _res#‛ em rarmo t t Olpc

ia tbg Vgsurrgoteim- Img ia tbg rst fiids ti

f pufces` wls @r- L J Lmlm`lm―s tses mKlltkl Hlm`e# mtetc` Hi` air Img# Hi` 

air Lcc - Lkmh t klmy fds pufces`

sufsqumtcy# sk wr KP tss# l

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et‐Prlmsairklsel, P olccmh wet pufcesemh

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<?1 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

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img ia tbg kist sehmeolmt ogmtrgs air tbgiciheolc

rgsglrob em tbg oiumtry- Et iaagrs imcemg loogss ti

l spgotruk ia sobiclrcy rgsiurogs em plrtmgrsbep

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piwgrbiusg es miw furstemh lt tbg sglks# lm`

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tbg auturg et wecc sgrvg ls lm lrobevlc rgpisetiry air

kesseim irhlmezlteims em Em`el-

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_LELO_- Arik irhlmezlteims suob ls tbg Aregm`s

h p

_tu`egs-‛ –Pi umplod tbes#‛ slys ^lymg# –et

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ia l Klstgr ia ^becisipby wbeob _LELO_ KPb+

cgvgc stu`gmts wecc fg lfcg ti glrm- Pbes lacelteim

fgtwggm _LELO_ lm` tbg Wmevgrsety ia Kysirgstrgmhtbgms iur loorg`etlteim#‛ ^lymg higs im

ti sly- –Et fril`gms iur rlmhg ia kemestry lm`

gkpciykgmt ipteims air _LELO_ hrl`ultgs-‛

t Oocu`g: E es Xgcc

 L tbrgg+timmg fiuc`gr oikklm`s lttgmteim lt

tbg _LELO_ gmtrlmog- Et wls Olric Biuhbtim―s

e`gl- Pbg stimg wls siurog` arik l qulrry em

Diclr# l oiupcg ia biurs lwly arik Flmhlcirg-

Blvemh iftlemg` pgrkesseim arik tbg ciolc

lutbirety ti argehbt et lwly# et fgolkg _LELO_―

air tbg mikemlc suk ia lfiut twi tbiuslm`

rupggs- Xbgm et lrrevg` lt _LELO_# et wls

olrgauccy cgvgrg` iaa tbg cirr y imti l slm`+fg` lt

_ehmemh ia tbg KiW air tbg KL"Pb% prihrlkkg

 lt tbg Wmevgrsety ia Kysirg

tbg `gsehmltg` spit# lm` tbgrg et sets ti`ly- Pbisg

 wetb lm gyg air hgikgtry wecc miteog ets scehbt

keslcehmkgmt wetb tbg arimt hltg- Biuhbtim#

`espclyemh bes oblrlotgresteo sgmsg ia bukiur#

suhhgstg` et fg mu`hg` se`gwlys l fet,

Im ets arimt tbg fiuc`gr gxprgssgs l oirpirltg#

hcl` lodmiwcg`hgkgmt: –Pbes es tbg Cir`―s iemh#

lm` et es klrvgccius em iur gygs‛ "^s- <<2:6?%- Im

tbg flod# et olrregs Bu`sim Plycir―s goclrlteim

a ` be b b `

 P –Cm`emh‛ Cefrlrelm@lcg Xlr` ia Pym`lcg Wmevgrsety Oiccghg lm` _gkemlry# Pirimti# rgolccs bes cimh lssioelteim

wet t _LELO_ Cefrlry:

–Ky weag Mltlceg lm` E rst vesetg` _LELO_ em Jlmulry <558# ls tbg rgsuct ia l suhhgsteim

fy @r- @lve` _rfem- im veve` kkry ark tlt tek wls wm @r- Hrllk buhtm#

w wls `revemh us ark t Flmhlcr lerprt m ur lrrevlc# pucc` aa t rl` t tcc us t

sodemh mws tlt t Luhustems― c st sm l` romtcy trlheolccy `rwm` lt l stlaa utemh-

Femh l cefrlrelm lm` xpremo` em cefrlry satwlr E wrd` xtmsevcy wet Jmsm

Xlt itrs _ly…–Oimtgkpirlry Lsel es rgpcgtg wetb sobiclsteo mgssg em gvgry oimogevlfcg gc`- _LELO_ bls tbg

oikpgtgmog air gqueppemh kgm lm` wikgm air tbg kemestry tbgy lrg olccg` air# wetb gru`eteim-‛

Fesp _lkplt Duklr# l rter` Fesp a t Kt`est Ouro a Em`el# _utrm Vhem

–E fgcegvg _LELO_― strltgheo vlcug es ets hciflc rglob# ets gviteimlc strgmhtb# lm` lol`gkeo

`gptb em prgplremh stu`gmts ti alog l oblmhemh wirc`-‛

@r Vlve Zlolrels# Vlve Zlolrels Emtrmltemlc Kemestres

ke`mehbt# tbg `reccgrs lsdg` ea tbgy sbiuc` stip-

 Pbg `goeseim wls ti olrry im- Biur `rlhhg` emti

 wltgrcgss biur-

 Lt tbg umglrtbcy biur ia 0 lk# lm` lt tbg

umfgcegvlfcg `gptb ia 80> aggt# tbg kerlocg

blppgmg`- Pbg pcukg ia wltgr bet tbg tips

ia tbg trggs lrium`- Pbisg wbi wgrg prgsgmt

 wbgm tbg rst wgcc wls firg` sle` tbg airog ia 

tbg wltgr rgkem`g` tbgk ia tblt kikgmtius

e c t t t e ` `

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<?5Pglkwird  Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6 <?2 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

ia oim`gmog# wbeob wg blvg miw kl`g iurs:

–Hi`―s wird `img em Hi`―s wly wecc mit clod 

Hi`―s suppcy-‛ Ls tbes frega bestiry lkpcy 

`gkimstrltgs# tbes emstetuteim bls# tekg lm` lhlem#

rgjieog` em prive`gmtelc emtgrvgmteim- _i# et es imcy 

ttemh tblt wg ocisg wetb l stiry larkemh tblt

tbes –suppcy‛ oimtemugs# lm` tblt wg blvg mit

oglsg` ti –klrvgc‛ lt et-

 Ls tbg hrium`wltgr cgvgcs `rippg` loriss

tbg hriwemh oety# wg fghlm ti hgt emorglsemhcy 

 wirreg`- Em 6><<# tbg _LELO_ sukps bl` ti fg

ccg` argqugmtcy usemh wltgr tlmdgrs- Kglmwbecg#

 wetbem tbg splog ia aiur kimtbs twi gaairts t i

semd mgw wgccs olkg ti mluhbt- Pbg rst img

bl` l kemeklc yegc`# lm` tbg sgoim` img olvg` em

fgolusg ia ciisg siec-

Wm`grstlm`lfcy# tbgrg wls kuob lmxegty ls tbg

tber` lttgkpt mglrg`- Pbg premoeplc klecg` iut

lm lppglc air prlygr ti aregm`s ia tbg emstetuteim-

 Pbg tber` spit suhhgstg` wls wetbem sexty aggt ia 

tbg img tblt olvg` em- Xetb prlygr# `reccemh fghlm-

 Lt 1>> aggt# tbg riod wls ls `ry ls l fimg- Lt

Femh l cefrlrelm lm` xpremo` em cefrlry satwlr# E wrd` xtmsevcy wet Jmsm

Jlhlmml`blk tbg cefrlrelm- Air fitb Mltlceg lm` kg# tbes wls iur rst trep ti Em`el si wg bl`

l ct t clrm lfut t olccmhs aloemh t _LELO_ stlaa lm` stu`mts- E atm pcly` t

rhlm ar t olpc srveos-

im ur mxt veset em <555# ky tek wls spmt klemcy cpemh stlaa lm` stu`mts httemh us` t

slroemh t emtrmt- X atm wmt t colc oyfr olaås wr t ommotem wls fttr-

Mltlce lssest` sk stu`mts wet gmhces lm` typemh sslys lm` lcs folk emvcv`

cpemh em lct olr em l pr estreot a Flmhlcr- X rkkfr tlt m t v a tes veset

t _LELO_# Hrllk _tlems lm` es tw sms wr furm` t lt em iressl- L aw wds

cltr# t flfy a l _u`lms stu`mt lt _LELO_ e`-

ivr 6>>6+6>>?# w wr lhlem lt _LELO_- Mltlce# ls far# lssest` stu`mts wet

gmhces lm` `etemh- E wls lfc t wrd wet Jmsm m purolsemh fds vel emtrmt lm`

uphrl`emh cefrlry satwlr- Fy tm _LELO_ l` looss t t e mtrmt em t cefrlry- E lcs

clrm` t lpproelt t prfcks emvcv` wet roevemh sepkmts a fds ark vrsls

lm` t cmhty oustks pross, X rolcc tlt @r- Ormces Fmmkl lm` _uslm wr

klrre` uremh tes tek-

Iur clst veset ti _LELO_ wls ivgr 6>>0+6>>7- E wls lfcg ti lrrlmhg air Pym`lcg Wmevgrsety

Occh lm` _kemlry em Prmt t tld ut l som` sufsoreptem t t LPCL "Lkreolm

 Pcheolc Cefrlry Lssoeltem% `ltlfls lm` LPCL_ _relcs ar _LELO_# lcc loossefc

truh t emtrmt- Et wuc` fok l trkm`us rsuro ar t cefrlry-

E stecc dp em tuo wet t _LELO_ cefrlry# lssestemh wet vlreus purolss- Et ls fm

wm`rauc t s t _LELO_ cefrlry hrw lm` vcp ets occotem ark premt` fds lm`

 jurmlcs t cotrmeo rsuros-‛

–Vghgmt Oiccghg oikkgm`s _LELO_ air ets iutstlm`emh tbgiciheolc g`uolteim em sgrveog ia 

tbg kesseim ia tbg oburob em _iutb Lsel- _LELO_― klstgrs lm` iotirlc prihrlks oimtrefutg

sehmeolmtcy ti gvgcipemh cgl`grs air kemestry# kesseim lm` klrdgtpclog- Xg oikkgm` 

_LELO_ ti Hi` air bes gmlfcemh hrlog lm` ti tbg prlygrs ia Obrestelms gvgrywbgrg-‛

@r V` Xecsm# ^rse`mt# Vhmt Occh#Qlmouvr# Olml`l

–E fgcegvg _LELO_― strltgheo vlcug ti ceg em ets gkimstrltg` prioegmoy em iaagremh qulcety 

gvlmhgceolc tbgiciheolc g`uolteim lt tbg pisthrl`ultg cgvgc air gxestemh lm` pitgmtelc cgl`grs

ia tbg Oburob lm` Kesseim em _iutb Lsel-‛@r- Evlm _ltylvrltl# Olerprsm lm` _mer lstr# Lsskfcy a H` Ouro# Olcouttl

–E kuob gmjiyg` ky veset ti _LELO_…lm` wls ekprgssg` fy ets heatg` aloucty# ets g`eoltg` 

stu`gmt fi`y lm` ets mg olkpus- Ets oikketkgmt ti ‒L`vlmog` Obrestelm _tu`egs― es ia tbg

 hrgltgst ekpirtlmog ti`ly-‛

 Pbg cltg Vgv- @r- Jibm _titt# tbgicihelm lm` kesseimlry stltgsklm# Cim`im# WD 

–E fgcegvg _LELO_― strltgheo vlcug ti fg tbg gqueppemh ia tbg mgxt hgmgrlteim ia cgl`grs air tbg

 kemestry lm` kesseim ia tbg oburob em Em el4 ti `gvgcip olploety em tbgiciheolc pgrsimmgc4 ti fg

 l rgsiurog air itbgr trlememh emstetuteims em Em`el lm` aurtbgr lgc`-‛

Vgv- Olmim Hgirhg Diviir# remoeplc# Premety Oiccghg# Frestic# WD 

–_LELO_ bls fggm l peimggr lm` wetbiut gqulc em Em`el + air remh up lm` gqueppemh Demh`ik

 cgl`grs ti `i –hrgltgr wirds‛ air tbg Demh tbriuhbiut _iutb Lsel‛-

greo Prsm# Arem`s a _LELO_# _lm Jså# Olce armel

ioolseim lckist l qulrtgr ogmtury lhi‐em`gg`#

tbes stiry fremhs us flod aucc oerocg ti tbg wim`gr

ia tbisg glrcegst `lys- Pbg `reccgrs tbgksgcvgs

 wgrg tldgm fy surpresg lt tbg m`- Pbgy agct

lssurg` tblt tbes suppcy wgccg` up arik l

trustwirtby spremh lm` wiuc` clst l hii` `gol`g-

 Xg rgolcc tbg gxpgregmogs ia Esllo wetb wgccs#

rgoir`g` em Hgm- 61- Iur wgccs `i mit blvg

airklc mlkgs# fut em tgrks ia emstetuteimlc

bestiry# wg olm e`gmteay wetb tbg mlkgs Esllo

hlvg ti bes- Gsgd lm` _etmlb wgrg mlkg` air

streag lm` oimtgmteim- Ls wetb glhcgts em lm gyreg#

 wg blvg bl` iur sblrg ia umrgst lm` umogrtlemty-

Biwgvgr# wg blvg kivg` im ti Vgbifitb#

–riiky splog‛‐fcug gxplmsgs em wbeob ti

sprgl` we`g iur glhcg pemeims lm` re`g tbg yglrs-

Esllo―s clst wgcc es em tbg rgheim ia Fggr _bgfl#

tbg wgcc ia tbg iltb- Pbriuhb aler wem`s lm`

turfucgmog# tbriuhb stirk ociu` lm` sumsbemg# et

es iur oivgmlmt Hi` wbi dggps us lciat- Lm` em

tbes oim`gmog# wg prgss im‐–Aurtbgr up lm`

aurtbgr em,‛

Okkumety cea lt _LELO_

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 L @rglk Aucccgkrh` ls l kljr e+to omtr em –mw‛

Em`el- Kst a t kljr kuctemltemlcs lv l

prsmo r- P oety ls hrwm t sex keccem

ppc em romt ylrs-

_LELO_ ts wgcc- Et prgplrgs

vlmhceolc cl`rs ar

tkrrw―s Em`el- P olkpus

wet ets wcc+dpt hrum`s#

ekprgssevg cefrlry# mgcy

picesbg` iirs# hriwemh

lol`keoloevkmts#

lhmoes lm` plstrlts# _LELO_ dmws tlt et

es erotcy rsuroemh t cl`rsep a t Em`elm

ouro em tes lm` suoo`emh hmrltems-

ia t ?>> _LELO_ hrl`ults t lt# m

es Hmrlc _ortlry a t Em`el Kessems

 Lssoeltem "wet <07 kkfr soetes lm`

sk 67#>>> kessemlres%# sex trs l`

kessem lhmoes# arty srv m t alouctes

a Fefc socs lm` occhs "emocu`emh sex

premoeplcs lm` l mukfr a lol`keo lms%#

m es l` a t Flptest Ouro em Mlhlclm`

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@r- Obrestipbgr Blmoiod# @glm# Frl`air` 

Oltbg`rlc# WD# bls fggm lm l`jumot aloucty semog

<551- Xg blvg bgrg lm g`etg` gxtrlot arik l

 pegog bg writg l agw yglrs lhi-

Em t stry lm` wrd a _LELO_# t

kesseimlregs― rglk es aucccg`-

^rlps kst fveuscy t l vesetr# _LELO_

es t tlmhefc rlcezltem a l slrpcy+

aous` vesem- Flmhlcr es l alst+hrwemh#

oskpcetlm oety m t @oolm pcltlu em

omtrlc _ut Em`el# wet lm mvelfc oceklt

ylr+rum` folus a ets lctetu` "t Fretes

us` t rter r uremh t Vlj%- Et ls

lol`keo loevkmts#

pufcesemh prhrlkk

lm` truhcy Orestelm

ltkspr# wuc` f t

mvy a klmy l Xstrm

emstetutem- E lk rkem`` a 

ky occhs em ixar` lm`

Olkfre`h ls E strcc ets plts

lm` l`ker ets clwms ‟#

tlt ty slr` t speret a _LELO_,

Fut tbes es Em`el# mgw Em`el# sgca+oim`gmt#

orltev# wcc+ktevlt`# sca+oreteolc# prplremh

ar ets rc ls t kst ppucus mltem em t

wrc` fy lrum` 6>6>- _LELO_ stu`mts dmw

ty lv wrd t ar H`# slpemh tes

rlpe`cy+krhemh Lselm suprpwr- Ea et―s mt

`otesk ty―cc alo# et―s rceheus pcurlcesk lm`

prhrssev souclresk# t pwr a emvlsev

olfc mtwrds# t prssurs a rlpe` soelc

trlmsarkltem lm` hrwt-

_# et es l soc ar tkrrw―s wrc`- Xet

stu`mts rlwm ark klmy eaarmt stlts#

`mkemltems# tloemh emstetutems# kessemlry

lm` lmtr l Cutrlm Fesp# trs lr

sgmeir hurgs em Em`el―s kghl+oburobgs# suob

ls t 6>#>>>+kkfr Lsskfces a H` Mw

Cea ouro em wmtwm Ommle- Et es lcc lfut

trlememh a t ehst cvc em E m`el ar Em`el-

Hmrsety ark arem`s vrsls ls fm

l alotr em httemh _LELO_ up lm` rummemh-

gxpsur t t Xst stecc ls vlcu lm`

rcvlmo ar t stu`mts lm` aloucty- Latr lcc#t rles t cvc a ets `uoltemlc stlm`lr`s#

_LELO_ aloucty# Aloucty+em+trlememh lm` @s lr

g`uoltg` wbiccy ir em plrt em W_L ir WD- Fut#

t lys a pm`mo lr plss`# lm` t

kesseimlregs― rglk bls fggm aucccg`-

<06 _LELO_  P Aerst Perty Ulrs

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