Safety of Human Body Safety of Human Body in Plastics Bottlein Plastics Bottle

Josef TrnaJosef TrnaMasaryk university, BrnoMasaryk university, Brno

Czech RepublicCzech Republic

IPUC TFPC 29274-IC-2-2005-1-AT-ERASMUS-IPUC-19

• Plastics bottle. Plastics bottle. • Overpressure in the Overpressure in the

plastics bottles in all plastics bottles in all experiments is made out experiments is made out by hand-pressing or by a by hand-pressing or by a small velocipede tire-small velocipede tire-pump. Instruments in pump. Instruments in plastics bottles are fixed plastics bottles are fixed on stands made out of on stands made out of copper wire, metal stick copper wire, metal stick and wooden small plates.and wooden small plates.

1. 1. Indication of Indication of overpressure overpressure • The piston of plastics The piston of plastics

syringe is moved by syringe is moved by overpressure in the overpressure in the plastic bottle. plastic bottle.

2. 2. Measurement of Measurement of overpressureoverpressure

• The liquid manometer The liquid manometer formed of U-tube formed of U-tube indicates indicates overpressure in the overpressure in the plastic bottle.plastic bottle.

3. 3. Ear-drum under waterEar-drum under water

• Test tube covered by Test tube covered by rubber membrane rubber membrane arches by arches by overpressure in the overpressure in the plastic bottle. plastic bottle.

• The rubber membrane The rubber membrane simulates behaviour of simulates behaviour of ear-drum during ear-drum during swimming, bathing and swimming, bathing and diving. Water in ear diving. Water in ear canal pushes on ear-canal pushes on ear-drum at this time. The drum at this time. The result is deflection of the result is deflection of the ear-drum.ear-drum.

4. 4. Ear-drum rupture under Ear-drum rupture under waterwater • Deformational effect of Deformational effect of

overpressure force is overpressure force is demonstrated by the demonstrated by the rupture of covering rupture of covering membrane on the test membrane on the test tube made out of a tube made out of a piece of plastics bag. piece of plastics bag.

• The plastics membrane The plastics membrane simulates the terminal simulates the terminal behaviour of ear-drum during behaviour of ear-drum during swimming, bathing and swimming, bathing and diving. Water in ear canal diving. Water in ear canal pushes on ear-drum by pushes on ear-drum by heavy force. The result is the heavy force. The result is the rupture of ear-drum. The rupture of ear-drum. The implication of this rupture is implication of this rupture is cutting pain and the loss of cutting pain and the loss of space-finding. This is the space-finding. This is the danger of death for the diver.danger of death for the diver.

5. 5. Compression of lungCompression of lung

• Deformational effect of Deformational effect of overpressure force is overpressure force is demonstrated by demonstrated by changing volume of an changing volume of an inflated small rubber inflated small rubber balloon. balloon.

• The overpressure under water The overpressure under water during diving reduces the lung during diving reduces the lung volume. We are able to breathe volume. We are able to breathe spontaneously only about one spontaneously only about one metre under the water surface. Air metre under the water surface. Air must be pumped into our lung by must be pumped into our lung by overpressure during diving. At a overpressure during diving. At a depth of ten metres the lung depth of ten metres the lung volume is reduced to half. If diver volume is reduced to half. If diver emerges too quickly, his lung can emerges too quickly, his lung can be fatally damaged.be fatally damaged.

6. 6. Dissolving of an air in Dissolving of an air in blood blood • The air is The air is

dissolved into dissolved into the water in the the water in the over pressured over pressured plastics bottle. plastics bottle.

• The air (nitrogen) is The air (nitrogen) is dissolved into blood dissolved into blood during diving. Air during diving. Air embolism is the embolism is the frequent reason of frequent reason of death after fast death after fast emergence.emergence.

7. 7. Oxygen in compressed Oxygen in compressed airair• The candle is burning The candle is burning

longer in plastic longer in plastic bottle pumped with bottle pumped with air because of air because of presence of more air presence of more air oxygen.oxygen.

• The air pumped in diver The air pumped in diver bomb contains more air bomb contains more air oxygen needed for water oxygen needed for water breathing.breathing.

8. 8. Cartesian diver ICartesian diver I

• The Cartesian diver The Cartesian diver floating in plastics floating in plastics bottle is made out of bottle is made out of the test tube and the the test tube and the rubber stopper. rubber stopper.

9. 9. Cartesian diver IICartesian diver II

• Alternative Alternative Cartesian diver in Cartesian diver in plastics bottle is plastics bottle is made out of two made out of two glass test tubes. glass test tubes.

10. 10. Spinning Cartesian Spinning Cartesian diverdiver• Spinning Cartesian driver Spinning Cartesian driver

in plastics bottle is made in plastics bottle is made out of the test tube, the out of the test tube, the rubber stopper and the rubber stopper and the bent glass pipes.bent glass pipes.

11. 11. Water jet of HeronWater jet of Heron

• The water jet of Heron in The water jet of Heron in plastics bottle is made plastics bottle is made out of the test tube, the out of the test tube, the rubber stopper and the rubber stopper and the blast tube. blast tube.

12. 12. Overpressure pumpingOverpressure pumping

• The pumping of water The pumping of water in plastics bottle is in plastics bottle is realised by use of two realised by use of two test tubes, rubber test tubes, rubber stoppers, glass tubes stoppers, glass tubes and plastics pipes.and plastics pipes.

13. 13. Energy of compressed Energy of compressed air Iair I• The small plastics ball The small plastics ball

with the hole is with the hole is moving by changing moving by changing of the air pressure on of the air pressure on the water surface in the water surface in the plastics bottle.the plastics bottle.

14. 14. Energy of compressed air Energy of compressed air IIII

• The small The small plastics ball plastics ball with the hole with the hole plugged up by plugged up by the bent glass the bent glass pipe is moving pipe is moving by changing of by changing of the air pressure the air pressure on the water on the water surface in the surface in the plastics bottle.plastics bottle.

Thank you for your Thank you for your attentionattention..

Josef TrnaJosef Trna

trna@ped.muni.cztrna@ped.muni.cz