SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH

EMPLOYEESEMPLOYEES

Chapter 8Chapter 8

Prepared by : Ly SokcheuPrepared by : Ly SokcheuUpdated : 1Updated : 1stst September, 2012 September, 201211

After studying this chapter, you should After studying this chapter, you should be able to:be able to:

1.1. Summarize the general provisions of the Summarize the general provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA).Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA).

2.2. Describe what management can do to create a Describe what management can do to create a safe work environment.safe work environment.

3.3. Identify the measures that should be taken to Identify the measures that should be taken to control and eliminate health hazards.control and eliminate health hazards.

4.4. Describe the organizational services and Describe the organizational services and programs for building better health.programs for building better health.

5.5. Explain the Approaches to Effective Safety Explain the Approaches to Effective Safety ManagementManagement

22

Û ObjectivesObjectives

I. Definitions of Safety and HealthI. Definitions of Safety and Health

• Safety involved protecting employees from Safety involved protecting employees from injuries caused by work-related accidents.injuries caused by work-related accidents.

• Health refers to employees’ freedom from Health refers to employees’ freedom from physical or emotional illness. physical or emotional illness.

• Line managers are responsible for Line managers are responsible for maintaining a safe and healthy work maintaining a safe and healthy work environment, HR professionals provide environment, HR professionals provide staff expertise to help them deal with staff expertise to help them deal with these issues.these issues.

33

• HR manager is responsible for HR manager is responsible for coordinating and monitoring safety coordinating and monitoring safety and health programs.and health programs.

Occupational Safety & Health ActOccupational Safety & Health Act

Occupational Safety and Health Act of Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 created the Occupational Safety 1970 created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.and Health Administration.

44

Act requires employers to provide Act requires employers to provide employees a safe and healthy place employees a safe and healthy place to work and this responsibility extends to work and this responsibility extends to providing to providing safe employees.safe employees.

Aims to ensure worker safety and Aims to ensure worker safety and health in U.S. by working with health in U.S. by working with employers and employees to create employers and employees to create better working environments .better working environments .

Current Mission of OSHACurrent Mission of OSHA

Reduce occupational hazards Reduce occupational hazards through direct intervention. through direct intervention.

55

Maximize OSHA’s effectiveness Maximize OSHA’s effectiveness and efficiency by strengthening its and efficiency by strengthening its capabilities and infrastructure.capabilities and infrastructure.

Promote a safe and healthy culture Promote a safe and healthy culture through compliance assistance, through compliance assistance, cooperative programs and strong cooperative programs and strong leadership. leadership.

OSHA’s Changing RoleOSHA’s Changing Role

Give employers choice between Give employers choice between partnership and traditional enforcement, to partnership and traditional enforcement, to inject common sense into regulation and inject common sense into regulation and enforcement and to eliminate red tape. enforcement and to eliminate red tape.

66

To help small business, OSHA is expanding To help small business, OSHA is expanding its assistance, reducing penalties and its assistance, reducing penalties and putting more of its informational materials in putting more of its informational materials in electronic format.electronic format.

The overall purpose is to reduce The overall purpose is to reduce injuries, illnesses and fatalities.injuries, illnesses and fatalities.

Figure 15–5

Source: U.S. Department of Labor Statistics, What Every

Employer Needs to Know About OSHA Record Keeping (Washington, DC: U.S.

Government Printing Office).77

Guide to Record ability of Cases Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act

II. Job Safety ProgramsII. Job Safety Programs

1.1. Costs of AccidentsCosts of Accidents

• Workers’ compensation premiums.Workers’ compensation premiums.• Time lost due to injury.Time lost due to injury. • Time to investigate/report accidents.Time to investigate/report accidents.• Damage to equipment/materials.Damage to equipment/materials. • Work stoppages/personnel Work stoppages/personnel

changeover.changeover.

88

II. Job Safety Programs (Cont.)II. Job Safety Programs (Cont.)

2.2. Causes of AccidentsCauses of Accidents

Accidents are generally classified Accidents are generally classified as human or environment.as human or environment.

Human causes responsible for Human causes responsible for majority of accidents.majority of accidents.

Environment causes include:Environment causes include:

• ToolsTools• EquipmentEquipment• physical plantphysical plant• general work environmentgeneral work environment

99

II. Job Safety Programs (Cont.)II. Job Safety Programs (Cont.)

3.3. Preventative MeasuresPreventative Measures

EducationEducation

Skill trainingSkill training

EngineeringEngineering

Protection devicesProtection devices

Regulation enforcementRegulation enforcement

1010

II. Job Safety Programs (Cont.)II. Job Safety Programs (Cont.)

4.4. Ensuring Job SafetyEnsuring Job Safety

Management needs feedback Management needs feedback from inspections, reports, and from inspections, reports, and observations.observations.

Safety should be part of Safety should be part of organizational culture.organizational culture.

Top management must be Top management must be committed to safety.committed to safety.

Safety committees empower Safety committees empower employees to maintain a safe employees to maintain a safe environment.environment.

1111

II. Job Safety Programs (Cont.)II. Job Safety Programs (Cont.)

5.5. A Safety Issue: Workplace ViolenceA Safety Issue: Workplace Violence

Homicide is the number-two cause of Homicide is the number-two cause of work-related death.work-related death.

Recommended HRM actions:Recommended HRM actions:

• Develop a plan, including review of Develop a plan, including review of policies and employee treatment.policies and employee treatment.

• Train supervisory personnel to identify Train supervisory personnel to identify and deal with troubled employees.and deal with troubled employees.

• Implement stronger security Implement stronger security mechanisms.mechanisms.

• Prepare employees to deal with violent Prepare employees to deal with violent situations.situations. 1212

III. Employer Responsibilities under OSHAIII. Employer Responsibilities under OSHA

• Provide hazard-free Provide hazard-free workplace.workplace.

• Be familiar with mandatory Be familiar with mandatory OSHA standards.OSHA standards.

• Inform all employees about Inform all employees about OSHA.OSHA.

• Examine workplace Examine workplace conditions for conformity to conditions for conformity to applicable standards.applicable standards.

• Minimize or reduce hazards.Minimize or reduce hazards.

• Provide safe tools and Provide safe tools and equipment.equipment.

• Warn employees of Warn employees of potential hazards.potential hazards.

• Establish operating Establish operating procedures to protect procedures to protect employee safety & health, employee safety & health, and communicate them.and communicate them.

• Provide medical Provide medical examinations where examinations where required by OSHA required by OSHA standards.standards.

• Provide training required Provide training required by OSHA standards.by OSHA standards.

1313

III. Employer Responsibilities under III. Employer Responsibilities under OSHAOSHA (Cont.) (Cont.)

• Report major accidents and Report major accidents and all job-caused deaths to all job-caused deaths to nearest OSHA office.nearest OSHA office.

• Keep OSHA-required Keep OSHA-required records of work-related records of work-related injuries and illnesses.injuries and illnesses.

• Post OSHA poster.Post OSHA poster.

• Provide employee access to Provide employee access to Log (OSHA Form 300)Log (OSHA Form 300)

• Provide employee access to Provide employee access to employee medical/exposure employee medical/exposure records.records.

• Cooperate with OSHA Cooperate with OSHA compliance officer for compliance officer for inspections.inspections.

• Do not discriminate Do not discriminate against employees who against employees who properly exercise their properly exercise their rights under the Act.rights under the Act.

• Post OSHA citations at or Post OSHA citations at or near the worksite involved.near the worksite involved.

• Abate cited violations Abate cited violations within the prescribed within the prescribed period.period.1414

III. Employer Responsibilities under III. Employer Responsibilities under OSHAOSHA (Cont.) (Cont.)

• Read the OSHA poster at the Read the OSHA poster at the jobsite.jobsite.

• Comply with all applicable Comply with all applicable OSHA standards.OSHA standards.

• Follow all employer safety and Follow all employer safety and health rules and regulations.health rules and regulations.

• Wear or use prescribed Wear or use prescribed protective equipment at work.protective equipment at work.

• Report hazardous conditions Report hazardous conditions to the supervisor.to the supervisor.

• Report any job-related Report any job-related injury or illness to the injury or illness to the employer, and seek employer, and seek treatment promptly.treatment promptly.

• Cooperate with OSHA Cooperate with OSHA compliance officer on compliance officer on inspections.inspections.

• Exercise employee rights Exercise employee rights under the Act in a under the Act in a responsible manner.responsible manner.

1515

IV. Creating a Safe Work EnvironmentIV. Creating a Safe Work Environment

Safety Awareness Safety Awareness ProgramsPrograms

Safety Motivation Safety Motivation and Knowledgeand Knowledge

Enforcement of Enforcement of Safety RulesSafety Rules

Accident Accident Investigations Investigations and Recordsand Records

Elements in Creating a Safe Elements in Creating a Safe Work EnvironmentWork Environment

1616

IV. Creating a Safe Work Environment IV. Creating a Safe Work Environment (Cont.)(Cont.)

1.1. Promoting Safety AwarenessPromoting Safety Awareness The Key Role of the SupervisorThe Key Role of the Supervisor

• Communicating the need to work safely.Communicating the need to work safely.

Proactive Safety Training ProgramProactive Safety Training Program

• First aid, defensive driving, accident First aid, defensive driving, accident prevention techniques, hazardous prevention techniques, hazardous materials, and emergency procedures.materials, and emergency procedures.

Information Technology and Safety Information Technology and Safety Awareness and Training.Awareness and Training.

1717

IV. Creating a Safe Work Environment IV. Creating a Safe Work Environment (Cont.)(Cont.)

2.2. Typical Safety RulesTypical Safety Rules• Using proper safety devicesUsing proper safety devices

• Using proper work proceduresUsing proper work procedures

• Following good housekeeping practicesFollowing good housekeeping practices

• Complying with accident- and injury-Complying with accident- and injury-reporting proceduresreporting procedures

• Wearing required safety clothing and Wearing required safety clothing and equipmentequipment

• Avoiding carelessness and horseplayAvoiding carelessness and horseplay1818

IV. Creating a Safe Work Environment IV. Creating a Safe Work Environment (Cont.)(Cont.)

3.3. Enforcing Safety RulesEnforcing Safety Rules Actively encourage employee participation Actively encourage employee participation

in the safety program by:in the safety program by:• Jointly setting safety standards with mgt.Jointly setting safety standards with mgt.

1919• Inclusion in accident investigations.Inclusion in accident investigations.

• Involvement in establishing safety Involvement in establishing safety incentives and rewardsincentives and rewards

• Involvement in designing and Involvement in designing and implementing special safety training implementing special safety training programsprograms

• Participation in safety trainingParticipation in safety training

IV. Creating a Safe Work Environment IV. Creating a Safe Work Environment (Cont.)(Cont.)

4.4. Investigating and Recording AccidentsInvestigating and Recording Accidents

Recordable CaseRecordable Case• Any occupational death, illness, or injury to Any occupational death, illness, or injury to

be recorded in the log.be recorded in the log.• Recordable accidents include: death, days Recordable accidents include: death, days

away from work, restricted work or transfer away from work, restricted work or transfer to another job, or medical treatment beyond to another job, or medical treatment beyond first aid.first aid.

• Other problems include loss of Other problems include loss of consciousness or diagnosis of a significant consciousness or diagnosis of a significant injury or illness by a healthcare professional.injury or illness by a healthcare professional.2020

\ Other Safety IssuesOther Safety Issues

EmployeeMotivation

and Incentives

EmployeeMotivation

and Incentives

Safety Policiesand Discipline

Safety Policiesand Discipline

SafetyCommittees

SafetyCommittees

Safety Trainingand

Communications

Safety Trainingand

Communications

Employee and Employee and WorkplaceWorkplace

SafetySafety

Employee and Employee and WorkplaceWorkplace

SafetySafety

2121

\ Phases of Accident Phases of Accident InvestigationInvestigation

Figure 15–9

2222

Approaches to Effective Safety Management

Figure 15–82323

Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Quality

Proliferating Proliferating ChemicalsChemicals

Cumulative Cumulative Trauma DisordersTrauma Disorders

Health Hazards and Issues

AIDSAIDS

Video Display Video Display TerminalsTerminals

V. Creating a Healthy WorkV. Creating a Healthy Work EnvironmentEnvironment

Managing Human Resources,Managing Human Resources, 14e, Bohlander and Snell 14e, Bohlander and Snell2424

V. Creating a Healthy Work V. Creating a Healthy Work Environment (cont.)Environment (cont.)

Recognizing and Controlling Health Hazards Related to Hazardous Materials and Processes

• Use substitutes for hazardous materials.Use substitutes for hazardous materials.

• Alter hazardous processes and Alter hazardous processes and engineering controls.engineering controls.

• Enclose or isolate hazardous processes.Enclose or isolate hazardous processes.

• Issue clothing to protect against hazards.Issue clothing to protect against hazards.

• Improve ventilation.Improve ventilation.2525

V. Creating a Healthy Work V. Creating a Healthy Work Environment (cont.)Environment (cont.)

Problems with Video Display Terminals (VDT)

Visual difficulties, muscular aches Visual difficulties, muscular aches and pains, and job stress.and pains, and job stress.

Solutions:Solutions:

• Place the computer screen four Place the computer screen four to nine inches below eye level.to nine inches below eye level.

• Keep the monitor directly in front Keep the monitor directly in front of you.of you.

2626

Problems with Video Display Terminals (VDT) (Cont.)

• Sit in an adjustable-height chair and use Sit in an adjustable-height chair and use

a copyholder that attaches to both the a copyholder that attaches to both the

desk and the monitor.desk and the monitor.

• Use a screen with adjustable brightness Use a screen with adjustable brightness

and contrast controls.and contrast controls.

• Use shades or blinds to reduce the Use shades or blinds to reduce the

computer-screen glare created by computer-screen glare created by

window lighting.window lighting.

2727

V. Creating a Healthy Work V. Creating a Healthy Work Environment (cont.)Environment (cont.)

Cumulative Trauma Disorders (Repetitive Motion Injuries)

• Injuries involving tendons of the fingers, Injuries involving tendons of the fingers, hands, and arms that become inflamed hands, and arms that become inflamed from repeated stresses and strains from repeated stresses and strains resulting from jobs requiring repetitive resulting from jobs requiring repetitive motion of the fingers, hands, or arms.motion of the fingers, hands, or arms.

2828

• Injuries lower employee productivity, Injuries lower employee productivity, increase employer health costs, and increase employer health costs, and incur workers’ compensation payments.incur workers’ compensation payments.

VI. SecurityVI. Security

Top Eight Security Concerns at Work:Workplace violenceInternet/intranet securityBusiness interruption/disaster recoveryFraud/white collar crimeEmployee selection/screening concernsGeneral employee theftUnethical business conductComputer hardware/software theft

2929

Profile of a Potentially Violent EmployeeProfile of a Potentially Violent Employee

Figure 15–123030 Robert L. Mathis and John H. JacksonRobert L. Mathis and John H. Jackson, Human resource management, 10e.

Workplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence

Training in Detection Training in Detection and Preventionand Prevention

Training in Detection Training in Detection and Preventionand Prevention

DomesticDomesticCausesCauses

DomesticDomesticCausesCauses

Management Management ResponsesResponses

Management Management ResponsesResponses

WorkplaceWorkplaceViolenceViolenceIssuesIssues

WorkplaceWorkplaceViolenceViolenceIssuesIssues

3131

Security ManagementSecurity Management

SecuritySecurityAuditAudit

SecuritySecurityAuditAudit

Controlled Controlled Access Access

Controlled Controlled Access Access

ComputerComputerSecuritySecurity

ComputerComputerSecuritySecurity

WorkplaceWorkplaceSecuritySecurity

WorkplaceWorkplaceSecuritySecurity

3232