SAFE FOOD – BETTER BUSINESS

DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY

Founding Director and Professor Emeritus

INSTITUTE for FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONSMICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, USA

www.iflr.msu.edu vhegarty@msu.edu

TGDF FOOD CONGRESS 2013, Antalya, Turkey

MAIN POINTS

• SAFE FOOD - BETTER BUSINESS Food Standards Agency (UK) www.food.gov.uk

• GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, UNIVERSITIES, CONSUMERS ALL HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY

• TURKEY’S FOOD EXPORTS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND TO THE USA

• FDA and FSMA (Food Safety Modernization Act, 2011)

• TURKEY and CODEX ALIMENTARIUS

IS OUR FOOD SAFE?

FOOD LAWS & REGULATIONS

GOVERNMENTCreate/Monitor

CONSUMERS

FOOD INDUSTRYImplement

UNIVERSITIESAnalyze/Educate

CREATING FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS

• GOOD SCIENCE – GOOD FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS

• US EXAMPLE: Food safety laws (e.g. FSMA) drafted by relevant government agencies with input from ALL interested parties --- industry, consumers, etc.

• ALL stages of development of the law are published in Federal Register www.federalregister.gov with requested inputs from ALL parties

• Finished law sent to US Congress for approval vote. If approved, sent to US President for signature. Relevant government agencies then apply the law

• ALL resulting regulations, rules, guidelines etc. are developed by US government agencies with input from ALL interested parties

--------------------------------------------------• Draft: A Guide to Developing and Updating Food Laws and Regulations.

www.emro.who.int

IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS

• US EXAMPLE:• FDA (Food and Drug Administration) www.fda.gov --- safety and

labeling of most foods, dietary supplements, bottled water

• USDA (US Department of Agriculture) www.usda.gov --- safety of meat, poultry and certain egg products

• EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) www.epa.gov --- pesticides, non-bottled water

• CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) www.cdc.gov --- investigates local and nationwide outbreaks of foodborne illness

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Direct access to important food safety laws, e.g. Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA): www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/default.htm

EU: RASFF NOTIFICATIONShttp://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/index_en.htm

2010 2011 2012

China 450 561 540

India 251 336 338

TURKEY 255 319 310

Germany 156 152 103

USA 160 113 127

Spain 138 129 126

Italy 121 116 112

Thailand 131 95 120

France 116 122 90

Brazil 102 94 109

EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEYhttp://ec.europa.eu/food/fvo/ir_search_en.pdf

2013 (6684) Pesticides

2012 (6292) Aflatoxin --- hazelnuts, dried figs

2013 (6544) Fishery products

2014 (6575) Milk

2015 (8887) Fishery products

2016 (6029) Pesticides

2011 (8863) Contaminants --- Live animals and animal products

2017 (8583) Pesticides

2009 (8381) Plant health --- Synchytrium endobioticum

EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY (Continued:

2009 (8251) Animal health --- poultry meat products

2009 (8165) Pesticides

2008 (7878) Milk and milk-based products

2008 (7644) Fishery products

2009 (7858) Mycotoxin contamination

2010 (7385) Animal/Public health General

2011 (7323) Residues and contaminants

2012 (7200) Pesticides

2007 (7356) Poultry, poultry meat, poultry meat products

EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY (Continued:

2006 (8199) Milk and milk-based products --- casings

2006 (8101) Mycotoxin contamination

2007 (7502) Residues & contaminants: Live animals & animal products

2008 (7077) Pesticides

2009 (9130) Poultry

2003 (9105) Aflatoxin --- hazelnuts and dried figs

2010 (9114) Food irradiation facility

25 inspections 2003 – 2013; 6 pesticide inspections; 4 aflatoxin/mycotoxin; 3 fishery products

EU: BORDER REJECTIONS (2012)http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/docs/rasff_annual_report_2012_en.pdf

• 425 MYCOTOXINS• 320 PESTICIDE RESIDUES• 159 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS• 144 POOR OR INSUFFICIENT CONTROLS• 108 HEAVY METALS• 74 ADULTERATION / FRAUD• 61 FOREIGN BODIES• 60 COMPOSITION• 59 FOOD ADDITIVES and FLAVOURINGS• 51 MIGRATION • 50 NON-PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS • 17 LABELLING

FDA: IMPORT REFUSALS: TURKEYwww.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/importrefusals

09/2013 Roasted garbanzos Unsafe color, Yellow #5

08/2013 Grape leaves, stuffed Pesticide

08/2013 Spaghetti Misbranding, Nutrition label

07/2013 Fresh trout fillet Filthy

07/2013 Organic raisins Filthy

07/2013 Pomegranate juice Misbranding, Adulteration

07/2013 Ground oregano Filthy

06/2013 Black olives No process

FDA: IMPORT VIOLATIONS BY FOOD PRODUCTwww.fda.gov

• 16% Seafood

• 15% Vegetables

• 9% Fruits

• 8% Spices, Flavors, Salts

• 8% Non-chocolate Candy

• 8% Bakery Products

• 4% Multi-food Dinners

• 4% Soft-drinks and Water

• 4% Chocolate and Cocoa

“ENSURING SAFE FOODS AND MEDICAL PRODUCTS THROUGH STRONGER REGULATORY SYSTEMS

ABROAD” Institute of Medicine, 2012 www.iom.edu

• “Food safety in the United States depends on systems in faraway places …. The FDA cannot do its job well without substantive improvements in the capacity of its counterpart agencies in emerging economies.”

• US FOOD IMPORTS: $41 billion (1998) $78 billion (2007)

• Approx 16% of all food eaten in the US is imported --- from 200 countries and over 250,000 foreign companies

• 15% fruits 20% vegetables 80% seafood is IMPORTED

FDA: FOOD IMPORTS (2011)www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm315486.htm#food_imports

2011:

• 10,439,236 Total food import lines in 2011

• 2.3% or 243,400 Food import lines physically examined

• ALL imports are screened using an automated system

• Import examination costs:

• ~$170 per field exam

• ~$2,800 per sample analyzed

FDA: FOOD SAFETY MODERNIZATION ACT (FSMA) www.fda.gov/downloads/food/guidanceregulation/ucm265430.pdf

• FOOD IMPORTS:

• Importer accountability

• Third party certification

• Certification for high risk foods

• Voluntary qualified importer program

• Authority to deny entry

TOP 10 REASONS TO ACT NOW ON FSMA COMPLIANCE

1) Prevention vs. Reaction

2) New rules are detailed --- know them NOW

3) Multiple rule compliance

4) Training

5) Return on investment

6) Improve food safety

7) Brand protection

8) Move towards or maintain certification to a GFSI-benchmarked scheme

9) Best practices for continuous improvement

10) Just do ithttp://achesongroup.com/2013/10/top-10-reasons-act-now-FSMA-compliance

TURKEY: CODEX COMMITTEE ATTENDANCEwww.codexalimentarius.org/meetings-reports/en

CCFH CCCF CCFA CCPR CCFL CCFICS CCFFV

2013 NO YES NO NO YES NO NO

2012 YES YES NO NO NO NO

2011 NO YES NO NO NO NO

2014 YES YES NO NO NO NO NO

2015 YES YES NO YES YES YES

2016 YES YES NO YES NO NO NO

2017 NO YES NO NO YES NO YES

FH = Food Hygiene; CCCF = Contaminants; FA = Additives; PR = Pesticides;

FL = Labelling; FICS = Food Import/Export; FFV = Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

No, those aren’t my diplomas.

Nature Biotechnology,Vol. 17,May 1999

EU CONSUMERS --- COUNTRIES DIFFER IN

BUYING GM FOODS

Euroborometer 58.0 “Europeans and Biotechnology in 2002” http://europa.eu.int/comm/public_opinion/archives/eb/ebs_177_en.pdf

All courses

United States*

European Union*

Canada*

Latin America*

Middle East*

Asia*

International Food Laws

Codex Alimentarius

*OIE

(World Organisation for Animal

Health*

IPPC(International

Plant Protection

Convention)

Winner 2003 ADEC National Excellence in Distance Education Award

THANK YOU

TESEKKUR EDERIM

GO RAIBH MAITH AGAIBH