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THE TIOGA GROUP THE TIOGA GROUP
SACOG REGIONAL GOODS MOVEMENT STUDYDraft Phase 1 Findings
The Tioga Group • Economic & Planning SystemsMeyer, Mohaddes Associates • Jock O’Connell
July 5, 2006
2THE TIOGA GROUP
Study Objectives
Developing a well-organized body of data and information on goods movement in the SACOG region.
Understanding the role freight transportation plays in the broader economic development of the SACOG region and the surrounding NorCal Megapolitan Area.
Documenting freight transportation and logistics trends relevant to SACOG’s long-term planning responsibilities.
Identifying and contacting public, private, and government freight transportation stakeholders to support the entire three-phase freight action plan development process.
Linking the freight action plan with the SACOG/Valley Vision Blueprint transportation and land use study, the State GMAP, and other state and regional initiatives.
3THE TIOGA GROUP
Goods Movement Participants
SHIPPER - PREPARES AND ORGINATES THE MOVEMENT AT
ORIGIN
CONSIGNEE (RECEIVER) -
RECEIVES THE FREIGHT AT
DESTINATION
MOVEMENT
CARRIER – MOVES THE FREIGHT
FLEET OPERATOR – OPERATES (AND MAY OWN) THE VEHICLES
BENFICIAL OWNER – ACTUALLY OWNS THE GOODS (AND MAY BE THE SHIPPER OR
THE CONSIGNEE)
INTERMEDIARY (OR THIRD PARTY) –
ARRANGES TRANSPORTATION FOR OTHERS
4THE TIOGA GROUP
REGIONAL PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION:
MOVEMENTS TO, FROM, AND WITHIN
Goods Movements To, From, and Within the Region
• The region produces and consumes goods as a function of its population, resources, and economic activity
• Production and consumption results in goods movements to, from, and within the region
5THE TIOGA GROUP
Sacramento Area Freight O/D Summary (2002)
• Freight movements use all the modes, but trucking overshadows the others.
• Air cargo tends to be light weight, high value.• “Other Intermodal” includes parcel, courier, and mail shipments
ModeValue
($millions)Share Tonnage (000) Share $/ton
Air, air & truck 2,421 2% 29 0% 82,166$ Other intermodal 14,008 14% 2,227 2% 6,289$ Pipeline & unknown 2,873 3% 6,010 4% 478$ Rail 2,060 2% 3,769 3% 546$ Truck 75,020 77% 126,928 90% 591$ Truck and rail 493 1% 1,405 1% 351$ Water 76 0% 78 0% 966$ Total 96,950 100% 140,447 100% 690$
6THE TIOGA GROUP
REGIONAL CROSSROADS: THROUGH MOVEMENTS
Crossroads: Through Movements
• The highways and rail lines converging and radiating in the SACOG region make it a crossroads for goods movements between other regions
7THE TIOGA GROUP
1998 California Truck Flows
I-5I-5
I-80I-80
I-40I-40
I-10I-10
I-95I-95
8THE TIOGA GROUP
Sacramento Area Through Freight Estimates (2002)
• Through freight has a higher average value per ton, and includes a greater proportion of rail.
ModeValue
($millions)Share Tonnage (000) Share $/ton
Air, air & truck 2,421 2% 29 0% 82,166$ Other intermodal 14,008 14% 2,227 2% 6,289$ Pipeline & unknown 2,873 3% 6,010 4% 478$ Rail 2,060 2% 3,769 3% 546$ Truck 75,020 77% 126,928 90% 591$ Truck and rail 493 1% 1,405 1% 351$ Water 76 0% 78 0% 966$ Total 96,950 100% 140,447 100% 690$
ModeValue
($millions)Share
Tonnage (000)
Share $/Ton
Truck 84,200 61% 26,797 70% 3,142$ Rail 5,049 4% 9,324 24% 542$ Unknown 3,582 3% 1,033 3% 3,468$ Truck and rail 2,325 2% 729 2% 3,190$ Other intermodal 42,190 31% 629 2% 67,052$ Total 137,346 100% 38,512 100% 3,566$
Inbound/Outbound/Local FreightInbound/Outbound/Local Freight
Through FreightThrough Freight
9THE TIOGA GROUP
REGIONAL HUB: CONSOLIDATION, DISTRIBUTION, &
TRANSLOADING MOVEMENTS
SACOG Region as Hub
• Sacramento’s role as a hub results in consolidation, distribution, and transloading movements
10THE TIOGA GROUP
How much logistics development does the region want?
SACOG RegionLogistics Sector Employment, 2004
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000
Postal Services
Truck Transportation
Generalized Freight Trucking
Specialized Freight Trucking
Other Specialized Trucking, Local
Support Activities forTransportation
Support Activities, RoadTransportation
Support Activities, AirTransportation
Warehousing and Storage
Merchant Wholesalers, DurableGoods
Merchant Wholesalers, Non-Durable Goods
Secto
r
Wholesale Trade $38,885 $149,407 $895,019 $56,185 $210,904 $5,598 $1,355,998Transportation & Warehousing $13,748 $62,725 $377,838 $11,763 $264,238 $8,209 $738,521
Total $52,633 $212,132 $1,272,857 $67,948 $475,142 $13,807 $2,094,519
Annual Payroll (000)
Industry El Dorado Placer Sacramento Sutter Yolo Yuba Total
Wholesale Trade $38,885 $149,407 $895,019 $56,185 $210,904 $5,598 $1,355,998Transportation & Warehousing $13,748 $62,725 $377,838 $11,763 $264,238 $8,209 $738,521
Total $52,633 $212,132 $1,272,857 $67,948 $475,142 $13,807 $2,094,519
Annual Payroll (000)
Industry El Dorado Placer Sacramento Sutter Yolo Yuba Total
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
El Dorado Placer Sacramento Sutter Yolo Yuba
Total EmploymentLogistics Employment
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
El Dorado Placer Sacramento Sutter Yolo Yuba
Total EmploymentLogistics Employment
11THE TIOGA GROUP
Freight Issues from SACOG Jurisdictions
• Survey taken of regional public works directors• First concern is pavement deterioration
• Other issues are “coexistence”:• Construction• Parking• Intrusion• Congestion• Noise• Safety
• Implication: biggest goods movement issue facing SACOG is urban trucking.
2.2Hazardous Materials Hauling
2.3Nighttime Truck Operations
2.5Truck Traffic Safety
2.6Short Haul, Local Delivery Trucks
2.8Neighborhood Intrusion by Trucks
2.9Truck Air Pollution
3.0Long Haul Trucks
3.0Truck Congestion
3.1Truck Noise
3.3Truck Parking
3.3Construction Trucks
3.7Street Deterioration Due to Trucks
Average Ranking out of 5Issue
2.2Hazardous Materials Hauling
2.3Nighttime Truck Operations
2.5Truck Traffic Safety
2.6Short Haul, Local Delivery Trucks
2.8Neighborhood Intrusion by Trucks
2.9Truck Air Pollution
3.0Long Haul Trucks
3.0Truck Congestion
3.1Truck Noise
3.3Truck Parking
3.3Construction Trucks
3.7Street Deterioration Due to Trucks
Average Ranking out of 5Issue
2.2Hazardous Materials Hauling
2.3Nighttime Truck Operations
2.5Truck Traffic Safety
2.6Short Haul, Local Delivery Trucks
2.8Neighborhood Intrusion by Trucks
2.9Truck Air Pollution
3.0Long Haul Trucks
3.0Truck Congestion
3.1Truck Noise
3.3Truck Parking
3.3Construction Trucks
3.7Street Deterioration Due to Trucks
Average Ranking out of 5Issue
2.2Hazardous Materials Hauling
2.3Nighttime Truck Operations
2.5Truck Traffic Safety
2.6Short Haul, Local Delivery Trucks
2.8Neighborhood Intrusion by Trucks
2.9Truck Air Pollution
3.0Long Haul Trucks
3.0Truck Congestion
3.1Truck Noise
3.3Truck Parking
3.3Construction Trucks
3.7Street Deterioration Due to Trucks
Average Ranking out of 5Issue
12THE TIOGA GROUP
Highways
• Interstates as backbone• State & US highways as regionals• Streets and arterials for access
• Interstates as backbone• State & US highways as regionals• Streets and arterials for access
13THE TIOGA GROUP
Highway Issues - Congestion
79% increase in highway tonnage from 1998 to 2020
Largest increases are regional, not long-haul
14THE TIOGA GROUP
Highway Issues - Circuity
Example: American River crossings increase VMT, route trucks through commercial and residential areas.
15THE TIOGA GROUP
Truck Accidents
Freeway hot spots
I-5 near US50US50 near I-5US50 between 65th Street and State CollegeI-80 between SR244 and Madison Ave.I-80 between Antelope Rd and Riverside Ave/Auburn Blvd.I-80 between Douglas Blvd and AtlanticI-80 between SR174 and Magra Rd.I-80 between Drum Forebay Rd and Blue Canyon Rd.US99 between Mack Rd and Florin RdUS99 between Fruitridge Rd and 12th AveUS99 between 12th Ave and I-5/El Centro
I-5 near US50US50 near I-5US50 between 65th Street and State CollegeI-80 between SR244 and Madison Ave.I-80 between Antelope Rd and Riverside Ave/Auburn Blvd.I-80 between Douglas Blvd and AtlanticI-80 between SR174 and Magra Rd.I-80 between Drum Forebay Rd and Blue Canyon Rd.US99 between Mack Rd and Florin RdUS99 between Fruitridge Rd and 12th AveUS99 between 12th Ave and I-5/El Centro
16THE TIOGA GROUP
Highway Bottleneck? – Accident Hot Spot
The Sacramento area has one major truck bottleneck identified by FHWA studies: SR 99 at Stockton Blvd.
17THE TIOGA GROUP
Trucking Fleet Locations
• Truckers follow people and highways• What does it mean for land use? • Where do we want them?
• Truckers follow people and highways• What does it mean for land use? • Where do we want them?
18THE TIOGA GROUP
LTL Terminal Locations
LTL and parcel terminals are on the periphery.
19THE TIOGA GROUP
Truck Routes
• Uncoordinated legacy “system”• Discontinuous• Inadequate• Hard to follow• Update? Rationalize?
• Uncoordinated legacy “system”• Discontinuous• Inadequate• Hard to follow• Update? Rationalize?
20THE TIOGA GROUP
SACOG Region Rail Lines
UP (former SP) line to Donner Pass
UP (former SP) line to Donner Pass
UP (former SP) line from Oakland
UP (former SP) line from Oakland
UP (former WP) line to Feather River CanyonUP (former WP) line to Feather River Canyon
UP (former WP) line from Stockton & Oakland
UP (former WP) line from Stockton & Oakland
CCT line to Lodi & Stockton - DormantCCT line to Lodi &
Stockton - Dormant
UP (former SP) line to Oregon
UP (former SP) line to Oregon
UP (former SP) line to Fresno
UP (former SP) line to Fresno
BINNEY JCT.
BINNEY JCT.
21THE TIOGA GROUP
SACOG Region Rail Lines – BNSF Trackage Rights
UP (former SP) line to Donner Pass
UP (former SP) line to Donner Pass
UP (former SP) line from Oakland
UP (former SP) line from Oakland
UP (former WP) line to Feather River CanyonUP (former WP) line to Feather River Canyon
UP (former WP) line from Stockton & Oakland
UP (former WP) line from Stockton & Oakland
CCT line to Lodi & Stockton - DormantCCT line to Lodi &
Stockton - Dormant
UP (former SP) line to Oregon
UP (former SP) line to Oregon
UP (former SP) line to Fresno
UP (former SP) line to Fresno
BINNEY JCT.
BINNEY JCT.BNSF FROM
FRESNO TO OKALAND
BNSF FROM FRESNO TO OKALAND
BNSF FROM STOCKTON TO KEDDIE
BNSF FROM STOCKTON TO KEDDIE
22THE TIOGA GROUP
SACOG Rail Issues
UP (former SP) line to Roseville & beyond
UP (former SP) line to Roseville & beyond
UP (former SP) line from Oakland
UP (former SP) line from Oakland
UP (former WP) line to Feather River CanyonUP (former WP) line to Feather River Canyon
UP (former WP) line from Stockton & Oakland
UP (former WP) line from Stockton & Oakland
Sierra NorthernPort Area
Sierra NorthernPort Area
CCT line to Lodi & Stockton - DormantCCT line to Lodi &
Stockton - Dormant
ELVASELVAS
HAGGINHAGGIN
Sierra NorthernMcClellan
Sierra NorthernMcClellan
• Growth on Existing Routes• Donner Pass Tunnels• Community Impacts• Grade Crossings
• Growth on Existing Routes• Donner Pass Tunnels• Community Impacts• Grade Crossings
23THE TIOGA GROUP
Air Cargo Outlook
• Air cargo growth has been flat, and is expected to grow very slowly
• Regional strategy? Outlook?
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Annual Metric Tons
MATHER MAIL
SMF MAIL
SMF FREIGHT
MATHER FREIGHT
UPS, 31%
FedEx, 42%
Others , 2%PAX, 11%
DHL, 14%
24THE TIOGA GROUP
Port of Sacramento
Port cargo has declined since 1994
Port of Sacramento Tonnage
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Short Tons (000)
25THE TIOGA GROUP
Port of Sacramento Outlook?
• Limited hinterland, heavy competition, shallow draft• New governance, Oakland agreement
• Limited hinterland, heavy competition, shallow draft• New governance, Oakland agreement
Port of Sacramento Cargoes
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Sh
ort
To
ns
(0
00
)
Rice
Wood Chips
Fertilizer
Ammonia
Other
Port of Sacramento Cargoes
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Sh
ort
To
ns
(0
00
)
Rice
Wood Chips
Fertilizer
Ammonia
Other
26THE TIOGA GROUP
Logistics Trends – Implications?
• Inventory Reductions and “Just in Time” • Cycle time reduction • Outsourcing • Globalization• Bottom line: Smaller shipments, more trips, more pressure
E F F I C I E N T L O G I S T IC S A L L O W S S U P P L Y C H A IN S T O K E E P I N V E N T O R Y L O W , A N D S H IF T I N V E N T O R Y ” B A C K W A R D S ” T O L O W - C O S T M A T E R I A L S A N D S I T E S
I N E F F I C IE N T L O G I S T I C S F O R C E S S U P P L Y C H A I N S T O I N C R E A S E I N V E N T O R Y , A N D S H I F T I N V E N T O R Y ” F O R W A R D S ” T O H IG H - C O S T F IN IS H E D G O O D S A N D R E T A I L S I T E S
27THE TIOGA GROUP
Land Use Issues
• Industrial space for goods movement in the SACOG region are concentrated along the region’s major highways.
• Industrial and warehouse activities are being located in outlying areas that offer lower cost land with potential for expansion.
• Goods movement uses are often viewed as incompatible with surrounding land uses.
• Jurisdictions must weigh the impacts of higher value uses in areas identified for redevelopment or in the outlaying areas
• Increasing distances may result in increased fuel costs, longer travel times, and increased emissions – what is the net impact?
• If we do not like the status quo, how do we implement a better strategy ?
• How do we build goods movement issues into regional planning?
28THE TIOGA GROUP
Next Steps
• Complete draft final.• Obtain SACOG and Advisory Group feedback.• Finalize report and executive summary.