Sabang Samalague Cave Management Plan - PCSDS - PCSD Plans and Policies for 2014/12 - Sabang-Samalague... · The PCSDS Cave Assessment team conducted cave profiling activities to

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Sabang – Samalague

Cave Management Plan

2015 – 2020

Taraw Caves Complex, Batas Island,

Bgy. Batas, Taytay, Palawan

A plan jointly prepared by the Taytay Municipal Cave Committee, Local Government of

Bgy. Batas and its stakeholders and the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 RATIONALE

Caves are one of the most magnificent creations in the world and have been used to know

the history of the humankind. In Palawan, its caves are known for special natural heritage of

ecological and cultural significance. These caves preserve a record of the past and often

play an important role in the ecology of the area. They offer distinct cultural values or critical

records of natural history which contribute to an understanding of the chronological history of

a region. Unique cave formations and presence of various species of bats and swiftlets also

serve as additional attraction to the caves of Palawan.

Caves are therefore legally protected and considered as special management areas.

Conservation and development planning of cave systems is a vital activity to ensure that the

ecosystem services and the scientific and educational values of caves are put to good use.

1.2 THE PLANNING PROCESS

This Cave Management Plan is developed and prepared by the stakeholders of Bgy. Batas,

Taytay, Palawan with assistance from the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

Staff. It follows science-based and participatory approaches. The science-based approach is

used when developing appropriate and sound strategies and activities for the cave system

given its fragile and unique constitution.

As a significant input in this plan, Cave Assessment team conducted a cave profiling in 2012

which was participated by stakeholders of Barangay Batas, Municipal Cave Committee

members, Sangguniang Bayan representatives of Taytay and PCSD Staff. The said activity

is necessary to assess, map and classify Taraw Cave Complex to determine its proper use

and management regime under Republic Act No. 9072 (National Caves and Cave

Resources Management and Protection Act).

The report contains the physiographical profile, cave mapping, rapid ecological assessment,

and socioeconomic information pertinent to developing a plan that integrates ecology and

biodiversity with economic concerns and emphasizes the geology and local culture in and

around the cave system.

Based on the assessment, the Sabang-Samalague cave is the 2nd to the largest among the

five caves of the Taraw Cave Complex and is named after its location. According to some

locals, the cave is part of Sitio Sabang while others said that it is already within the boundary

of Sitio Samalague, thus the cave is called Sabang-samalague Cave.

As per recommendation of the PCSD Cave Assessment Team in 2012, a Participatory Cave

Management Plan shall be prepared to serve as guide in the development and management

of the Sabang-Samalague Cave.

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The science-based approach is complemented by a participatory workshop which was

facilitated by PCSD Staff1for Sabang-Samalague Cave. A major input to the management

planning is the conduct of ―Participatory Stakeholder Consultation for the Cave Management

Plan‖ undertaken last August 27, 2014 at Batas Bgy. Hall, Batas Island, Taytay, Palawan.

This was attended by 40 stakeholders involving barangay government officials of Bgy.

Batas, landowners of adjacent environment, representatives from youth and women‘s sector

and other key stakeholders. A SWOT analysis was conducted wherein participants, together

with resource persons from PCSDS, discussed major issues and problems related to

Sabang-Samalague cave management. This Cave Management Plan then is an offshoot of

both scientific and community-based investigations into the issues confronting the cave.

Existing legal considerations and institutional arrangements are also considered in its

formulation. The Plan strategies and actions have to conform to national laws and

regulations.

A plan is always a work in progress and it is important to communicate its contents to all

stakeholders and to review and monitor its progress and effectiveness. The Plan is designed

to be flexible and adaptive such that administrators can adjust certain management

prescriptions based on the practicability of the interventions. The following flowchart

describes the planning process.

Figure 1: Process of cave management planning.

1 John Vincent B. Fabello – ECAN Zones Management (Terrestrial Unit) Edwin L. Caabay – ECAN Zones Management (Terrestrial Unit) Cherry Lyn S. Jalover – ECAN Plan Integration and Project Development Division (Special Ecosystems Unit)

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The Plan still needs to be affirmed by the stakeholders of Bgy. Batas in the form of a

Barangay resolution cum ordinance. The Municipal Cave Committee and the Local

Government of Taytay thru its Sangguniang Bayan members shall adopt the Plan and

recommend it to the PCSD for approval.

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2 CAVE PROFILE2

2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The term ―Taraw‖ came from Indigenous People of Tagbanua residing in Batas Island

meaning ―Tall Rock‖. Since its discovery by the local inhabitants, the caves are said to be

utilized as shelter during rains/storms as well as partial hunting grounds for wild boars and

other wildlife.

On July 16, 2012, the Local Government of Bgy. Batas, Taytay, Palawan has formally

signified their intention to the Sangguniang Bayan of Taytay to declare what they locally call

―Taraw cave‖ as Tourist Spot and Protected Area through a resolution passed by their local

council. The said Resolution is entitled Kapasyahan Bilang 07, Taong 2012 na nagsasabing:

Kapasyahang Humihiling sa Tanggapan ng Sangguniang Bayan ng Taytay sa Pangunguna

ni SB Liza Magbanua, Chair. Committee on Agriculture na ang Bato na kung Tawagin ay

Taraw sa Sitio Sabang, Batas, Taytay, Palawan na kung saan ay Mayroong Matatagpuan

Ditong kakaibang Desinyo ng mga Kweba at Napakagandang Overlooking ng Karagatan ng

Sitio Sabang at mga Karatig Isla nito ay amin pong Gagawing Tourist Spot.

This prompted SB Liza Magbanua, Chair of Committee on Agriculture of Sangguniang

Bayan of Taytay through a letter request dated September 4, 2012 asking the PCSD Staff

for technical input and initial assessment/evaluation of the site where Taraw Cave is located.

The PCSDS Cave Assessment team conducted cave profiling activities to assess and map

the Taraw Cave System in Sitio Sabang, Barangay Batas and for Cave Classification

purposes to determine its proper use and management regime under Republic Act No. 9072

(Caves Act).

Five (5) un-named caves are found within the complex and were named accordingly based

on their distinct features. The coined names for each cave are the following: (1) Sabang –

Samalague Cave, (2) Darasalan Cave, (3) Pinagtistisan Cave, (4) Kogita cave and (5)

Tinagusan Bat cave.

2 This chapter is adapted from the report Cave Assessment and Classification Report: Taraw Cave Complex by Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (2012). Most of the information in the succeeding chapters is also taken from the same report.

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2.2 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

The municipality of Taytay is located in the northern section of the mainland Palawan with

geographical coordinates of 100 30‘ to 11 0 05‘ N latitude and 1190 10‘ to 119 0 40‘ E

longitude. Taytay has the largest land area measuring 139,050 hectares and is called as

―star of the North‖3. It is surrounded by the municipality of El Nido in the north, Dumaran and

Roxas in the south and San Vicente in the southwest.

Sabang-Samalague cave is one of the five caves of the Taraw Cave System and is located

in Batas Island, Bgy. Batas, Taytay, Palawan with coordinates of 11° 11‘ 17.30 N latitude

and 119° 35‘ 50.0 E longitude. It is accessible by pump boat from the Pier of Poblacion,

Taytay with a travel time of approximately 2 hours reaching the barangay center of Batas.

Another pump boat ride of approximately 30 minutes will reach Sitio Sabang shoreline which

is the take – off point going to the caves. A thirty (30) to forty five (45) minutes hike with a

slope of 10%-15% traversing the secondary forest over limestone will take to be able to

reach the ―Taraw Caves‖.

3PCSDS.2006. Flora Survey and Biodiversity Assessment for Core Zoning Municipality of Taytay.Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City.

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Figure 2. Location Map of Sabang-Samalague Cave

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Figure 3: Topographic Map of Sabang-Samalague Cave

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2.3 BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE

Sabang-Samalague cave is a limestone/karst structure with an elevation of 65 meters above

sea level. It has a total cave length (surveyed) of 16.20 meters and a ceiling height of 13.6

meters. Its cave mouth is 11 meters wide and 1.0 meter high.

Sabang–Samalague cave is somehow bisected by Sitio Sabang and Sitio Samalague hence

it was named in honor of both sitios. A wet horizontal cave, speleogen characteristic is

jagged on the outside but smooth and solid on the inside. A small shallow rimstone pool can

be found on the leftmost portion of the chamber. The walls are relatively flat and smooth with

a portion that is colored black that resembles charcoal. Speleothems (stalactites,

stalagmites, columns, draperies, flowstones) are huge but has few occurrences.

A mixture of habitat types surrounded the cave complex. The vegetation is dominated by

Molave type of forest on the upper and middle slope of the area while agricultural crops can

be found on the lower slopes and beach forest on the shoreline. The other side of the cave

was dominated by secondary and primary forests with mixed areas of slash and burn fields.

Sabang–Samalague cave is still found to be intact and in its active state. There are no

evidence of treasure hunting and guano extraction in the cave flooring. Since its discovery

by the local inhabitants, the caves are said to be utilized as shelter during rains/storms as

well as partial hunting grounds for wild boars and other wildlife. The cave complex hosts

several recess or system of interconnected passages with some chambers exceeded 15

meters in height, while others were quite small.

Figure 4: Sabang-Samalague cave entrance/exit

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Figure 5: Plan view map of Sabang-Samalague Cave

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Figure 6: Profile view of Sabang-Samalague Cave

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CAVE BIOLOGY

Flora inside the cave

Vegetation occurs only in the twilight zone of the cave usually found along the cave

entrance. Roots of Balete tree (Ficus elastica) are commonly seen dangling in cracks and

fissures along the cave ceiling, walls and floor. Vines and epiphytes are often found clinging

on the cave walls while various seedlings of plants can be seen thriving before the cave

entrance. Begonia species are found attached to the walls outside of the cave mouth.

Figure 7: Balete species roots found along cave walls and floor

Figure 8: Unidentified species of Creeping Vine

Flora outside the cave

Forest over limestone (Molave forest) surrounds the Sabang - Samalague Cave structure.

This type of forest doesn‘t possess tall and large diameter trees except for some residual

trees found in exceptional areas undisturbed by humans. It is composed of species

dominated by Narra (Pterocarpus indicus), Dao (Dracontomelon dao) and Molave/Molawin

(Vitex parviflora), and are commonly found in areas with a very distinct wet and dry season

and in coastal areas on shallow and excessively drained limestone soils. Molave forest can

be found in isolated patches or blend with other forest types. Other species present in the

area are Ipil (Intsia bijuga), Amugis (Koordersiodendron pinnatum), Balete (Ficus elastica),

Taluto (Pterocymbium tinctorium), Pagsahingin (Canarium asperum), Is-Is (Ficus ulmifolia),

Kaatoan-Bangkal (Anthocephalus chinensis), Paguringon (Cratoxylum celebicum), Bangkal

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(Nauclea coadonata), Malakatmon (Dillenia luzonensis), Tagpo (Ardisia squamulosa),

Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa), Dita (Alstonia scholaris), Alagau (Premna odorata), Putat

(Barringtonia racemosa), Parai-Parai, Boton-Boton, Bintang, Balon-saging, Bunot-bunot,

Kamunggayin, Tambuyanao, Buringit, Macasla, Matanghipon, Lawat, Bago, Monstera (Near

cave mouths), Begonia species (Near Cave Mouths), Yucca palm (Top portions of cave

mouths), Ferns (lower and side portions of cave mouths and some in twilight zones), and

Rattans (Palasan – Calamus merrillii and Sika – Calamus caesius). Largest tree diameter is

100 cms. Dbh (Amugis) and tree diameter ranges from 10 – 40 cms. dbh. Crown cover is

less than 30 % of the total canopy.

Beach and Pioneer species are also found mix with agricultural crops. It occupies the less

hilly and flat soil rich areas below the cave periphery, to wit: Talisai (Terminalia catappa),

Agosip (Symplocos herrii), Botong (Barringtonia asiatica), Bani (Pongamia pinnata), Alas-as

(Pandanus luzonensis), Dapdap (Erythrina orientalis), Alibangbang (Piliostigma malabaricum

var. acidum), Ipi-lIpil (Leucaena leucocephala), Antipolo (Artocarpus blancoi), Tibig (Ficus

nota), Hauili (Ficus septica), Hamindang (Macaranga bicolor), Binunga (Macaranga

tanarius), Kawayantinik (Bambusa blumeana), kawayan-kiling (Bambusa vulgaris), Buho

(Schizostachyum lumampao), Buri (Corypha elata), Bignai (Antidesma bunius), Betel Nut

Palm/Bunga (Areca catechu silvatica), Kakauate (Glicerida sepium), Wild ginger (Zingiber

zerumbet), Badyang (Alocasia portei), Calachuchi, Palochina and Hagonoy (Chromolaena

odorata).

Agricultural crops present are the following: Kasoy (Anacardium occidentale), Manga

(Mangifera indica), Banana (Musa sapientum), Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Cabuyao (Citrus

macroptera), Malungai (Moringa oleifera), Papaya (Carica papaya), Guava (Psidium

guajava), Caimito (Chrysophyllum cainito zyzygium cumini), Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi),

Sampaloc (Tamarindus indica), Avocado (Persea gratissima), Langka (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) and Kamoteng Kahoy (Manihot esculenta).

Conservation Status (as per PCSD Resolution No. 10-413 S. 2010) of flora present is as

follows: Critically Endangered-Narra; Endangered- Dao, Ipil, Molave; Vulnerable - Amugis,

Antipolo, Betel Nut Palm, Dita, Malakatmon, Tagpo, Sika and Palasan. There are a total of

146 trees (forest – 42/fruit-11), 2 shrubs, 5 palms, 3 ferns, 2 vines and 5 grasses.

Fauna Inside the cave

A variety of species of fauna are found

inside the single – chambered cave.

Dominant among them are

Insectivorous bats with an estimated

population count of 1,000++ individuals.

Bat populations are concentrated on the

inner center and rightmost portion of the

chamber. Mist netting for species

identification has not been done to

identify the exact species of bats living

inside the cave. These bats rely on

insects for food in contrast with the fruit

Figure 9: Fruit bat while trans-locating

inside the cave

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bats of family Pteropodidae. Bats are vital component of global diversity and

have three (3) main ecological functions: Plant pollination, insect/pest control and seed

dispersal. Relative undetermined amount of loose guano deposit are found on the cave floor.

Other species of fauna includes Toads (2), Spiders (10), Daddy Long Legs (3), Beetles

(many), Cockroaches (many), Crickets (many), Millipedes (3), Geckos (2), Tailless

Whipscorpions (6), Black Ants (many), Shells (many), Swiftlets/Cola2x species (2),

Mosquitoes (many), and Lizard (tuko) eggs (many).

Figure 10: Toad (left) and tailless Whipscorpion (right)

Figure 11: Cricket (left) and spider (right)

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Figure 12: Dead Shell (left) and millipede (right)

Only Trogloxenes (cave guests) and Troglophiles (cave lovers) are found inside the cave.

The former are fauna species which visit or take shelter but do not complete their whole life

cycle in caves. They go to the outer world periodically for some requirements, usually food. It

can be divided further as accidental trogloxene and habitual trogloxene. Swallows and

swiftlets build their nests of mud and tiny branches and straws along the rocky ledges and

walls of caves. Rats sometimes take refuge inside caves feeding on these birds‘ young and

other bits of food. They mark their trails when leaving in order to memorize the route back.

Bats are probably the most common known ―trogloxene‖ or cave guest. Most caves are

common hosts for thousands of bats like the Sabang - Samalague cave. The latter are

species which live in the dark zone, but may explore the outside areas to find extra food.

Crustaceans such as isopods (with many legs that look alike) like crabs and amphipods (with

legs of different shapes) which eats bits of leaves, moss, dead worms and other small

animals also thrive inside the cave. As are cave crickets, with smaller eyes compared to their

surface-dwelling cousins, but may leave at night to find other food. Some spiders, millipedes

and centipedes also make caves their home.

No Troglobites (cave dwellers) are found inside the cave chambers during the survey.

These are species which live wholly and permanently in the dark zone of the caves. Most of

these animals are blind and albinos, which means their skin pigment is underdeveloped.

This is a natural mutation as sight and coloration is of no use in their environment. Blind and

colorless beetles, spiders, salamanders, shrimp and fish compose this unique group of

organisms. They have developed special adaptations such as nerves along their sides in

place of eyes to ―sense‖ food and predators. These organisms are usually endemic species.

This means that they are most probably native to or confined to their specific habitat, and

can only be found there.

Table 1: List of Invertebrates and Vertebrates inside Sabang - Samalague Cave

Common Name QTY

Observed

Commo

n Name

QTY

Observed

INVERTEBRATES VERTEBRATES

Class Archnida Class Aves

Order Araneae Spiders/Tarantula 10+ Order

Apodiformes

Swiftlets 2

Order

Thelyphonida

Tailless Whip

scorpion

6 Class Reptilia

Order Opiliones Daddy Long Legs 3

Class Malacostraca Order

Squamata

Gecko 2

Order Decapoda Crab 0 Class Mammalia

Class Insecta Order

Chiropter

Bat 1000+++

Order Coleoptera Beetle many

Order Blattaria Cockroach many

Order Orthroptera Cricket many

Order Ant many

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Hymenoptera

Class Diplopoda Millipede 3

Fauna found outside the cave

Several species of fauna were observed outside the cave. Among the wildlife are Long -

tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis philippinensis) locally known as ―Tsonggo‖, Variable

Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) locally known as ―Bayawak‖, Palawan Bearded Pig (Sus

ahoenobarbus) locally known as ―Baboy Damo‖, Paniki – Common Short Nosed Fruit Bat

(Cynopteris brachyotis), Palawan Tree Shrew or ―Bising‖ (4), Tokay Gecko (Gecko gecko) or

―Tuko‖, Field Rats, domesticated Cattles (25 heads) and several species of birds like White

Bellied Sea Eagle, Cattle Egrets, Wild Ducks, Ashy Drongos, Asian Glossy Starling, Jungle

Fowl (Labuyo), Swiftlets, and Sunbirds. Butterflies, Wasps, Bees and different species of

Ants were also observed. Dead Shells was also found inside and outside of cave periphery.

Conservation Status (as per PCSD Resolution No. 10-413 S. 2010) of fauna observed

outside caves are as follows: Critically Endangered-None; Endangered- White -bellied Sea

Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) of family Accipitridae commonly known as ―Aguila‖, Variable

Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) locally known as ―Bayawak‖, Palawan Tree Shrew (Tupaia

Palawanensis) or ―Bising‖, Long - tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis philippinensis) locally

known as ―Matsing/Tsonggo‖; Vulnerable – Palawan Bearded Pig (Sus ahoenobarbus) or

―Baboy Damo‖ and Tokay Gecko (Gecko gecko) or ―Tuko‖. There are a total of 6 Mammals,

2 Reptiles, 7 Birds, 1 Amphibian, numerous Insects and Flies found in the area.

CAVE FORMATIONS4

Speleothems (Any natural mineral formation or deposit occurring in a cave)

Cave formations, or speleothems, are deposits on the ceiling, floor, and walls of a

cave. The creation of speleothems depends upon the following: 1) the amount of

surface water entering the ground above the cave; 2) the type of rocks in and around

the cave; 3) the dissolved materials contained in the water as it enters the cave; and 4)

the cave environment itself – amount of moisture in the air, amount of airflow through

the cave, and the cave temperature.

Most caves have enough openings to allow air movement, which does not evaporate

some of the moisture and causes precipitation of calcite from the seeping waters.

Nature creates formations in caves very slowly. It may take100 to 150 years to form

an inch of material to the speleothems. The coloration of these structures varies from

white or cream, to yellowish or dark brown which is due to the presence of limonite

that is dissolved from the overlaying rocks. The red and orange hue comes from the

dissolved iron mixing with water to form iron oxide. The blue is derived from

manganese. Speleothems that are white are almost pure calcite.

Common Speleothems

4Source: Training Modules, Capacity Building towards Caves, Karst, & Limestone Forest Biodiversity Conservation by DENR, BMU, GTZ, Gaia Exploration Club,19-24 January 2009, DRT, Bulacan, Philippines.

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Stalactites are formations that form on the ceilings of caves. They begin their life as a

single drop of water which has been combined with carbon dioxide, calcium

carbonate, and calcite. The water drop is squeezed from between fractures in the rock

and drops to the floor leaving behind a minute deposit of the dissolved calcite in the

shape of a ring. Ring forms upon ring until a small drop like tube hangs from the

ceiling called a ―soda straw‖. Through the loss of the carbon dioxide process the

dissolved calcite deposit continues until stalactites are formed.

Stalagmites are formations found on the floor of caves, reaching upward to touch the

stalactites hanging from the ceiling. Stalagmites are the result of the excess water

dropping from its parent, the stalactite.

Columns are formed when the stalactites and the stalagmite continue to build and

grow. When the two join, they form a single pillar or column reaching from the floor to

the ceiling.

Rimstone Pools. The humidity level in caves is typically very high. Thus, water in

caves with little airflow, generally does not evaporate. The excess water flowing from

the surface area is collected in small underground pools. Hence, the collected water is

naturally rich in mineral deposits. Any sort of disturbance of these poo ls results in

collections of calcite around the rim, which are called stalagmite ridges with horizontal

crests. These crests act like small dams that hold back the pools of water. These

dams are referred to as rimstone pools. Continued growth of these rimstone pools

tends to reinforce the cave against collapse.

Helictites formations defy nature, and gravity. They turn and twist into irregular forms.

GEOLOGY

Dripstone and Flowstone Forms (gravity controlled)

Various formations are found inside the cave. Ceilings have few (twilight zone

1%-30%) to moderate (dark zone 31%-70%) Stalactites.Strawsabsent (0%).

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Figure 13: Different ceiling formations in twilight zone

Ground has few (twilight & dark zones 1%-30%)Stalagmites and Columns.

Stalagmites & Columns Figure 14: Cave Stalagmites

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Walls have moderate (31%-70%)Flowstone Sheets.

Figure 16: Stalagmites & Columns (left and right). Huge but few

stalagmites and columns were found along the twilight and dark

zones of the cave. Figure 15: Column

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Figure 17: Flowstone Sheers decorated in the cave walls

Walls have moderate (31%-70%) Draperies.

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Figure 18.Various draperies adorned inside the cave

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Figure 19: Unique feature of Cave Ceiling and Wall is the dark Marble-like coloration

mixed with white streaks of limestone.

Figure 20.Charcoal-like protrusion appears on the cave walls

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Erratic Forms (crystal growth controlled)

Shields, helictites, popcorns (Botryoidal forms),Anthodites , Moonmilk and Oulopholites

(gypsum flowers) are absent (0%).

Figure 21: Popcorns found on the lower end of stalactites which believes to be formed

by precipitation.

Sub-aqueous Forms

Small Rimstone dams (gour pools) are few (1-30%). Concretions of various kinds

(limestone concretions e.g. cave pearls, iron, basalt) are absent (0%). Pool deposits and

crystal linings absent (0%).

Figure 22. Small rimstone dams

Mineral deposits inside the chamber

Calcite (cave entrance along the walls) and dolomite (upper portion of the cave area) are the

only minerals found inside the cave. Other minerals like Aragonite, Huntite, Hydromagnesite

and Magnesite are not found inside the cave. Most rocks need sampling for proper

identification (some need laboratory testing).

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Geological features inside the chamber

Structural features such as faults/cracks (twilight zone) and joints are not found inside the

cave. Fossils are absent. Only rubbles of rock are found near the cave entrance as part of

geologic process or due to collapse.

1. Hydrology

The Cave Chamber is generally

dry during the assessment

except for small Rimstone

Dams present located on the

left pocket/sides of the

chamber. There are no deep

sumps and pools.

2. Cave Hazards / Safety

The smell of guano (bat droppings) is quite strong upon entrance to the cave. Air circulation

inside the Chamber is good and there is no indication of low supply of oxygen. The

concentration of bat population is situated in the right side of the chamber. There is no

vertical pitches/entrances, tight crawlways and deep sumps and pools. No flooding indication

inside the relatively small chamber. Presence of rockfall/breakdown occurs on the middle of

the cave mouth along the twilight zone. Sharp limestone rocks/protrusions are lined along

the passage going up to the cave.

3. Climate

The municipality of Taytay falls under the first type or Type 1 climate classification under the

Coronas System. This type of climatic category is usually characterized with two (2)

pronounced seasons – dry from November to April and wet from May to October. Bgy. Batas

in which the Sabang-Samalague is located has this kind of climate. Average monthly

temperatures ranges from a maximum of 33 degrees centigrade to a minimum of 23 degrees

centigrade. Mean monthly temperatures vary slightly throughout the year with the months of

March to June as relatively warm. (Source: CLWUP-Taytay)

Figure 23: Small pool of fresh water (Rimstone dam)

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2.4 SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE

The municipality of Taytay is classified as a first class municipality of the Department of

Finance. It has a population of 70,837 (NSO, 2010) 5 while the CBMS Census of 2011,

reported a total population of 68,144 individuals.

It is composed of 31 barangays such as:

1. Abongan

2. Banbanan

3. Bantulan

4. Batas

5. Bato

6. Beton

7. Busybees

8. Calawag

9. Casian

10. Cataban

11. Debangan

12. Depla

13. Liminangcong

14. Maytegued

15. New Guinlo

Batas Island, where the Sabang-Samalague cave is situated, is the farthest island of Taytay.

It is accessible by pump boat from the Poblacion Port, Taytay and travel time of

approximately 2 hours. In fact, Batas Island is closer to the islands of El Nido.

Batas Island is under the jurisdiction of Barangay Batas. The said barangay has a population

of 1,268 with 274 households. Fifty-three percent of the population or 672 individuals are

male while 596 individuals are female.

Land Status

The land legal status is unclassified public forest with adjacent beach area titled to Mr.

Rodrigo Abrina of Bgy. Batas. Sabang – Samalague cave can be reach from the shoreline of

Sitio Sabang. A thirty (30) to forty five (45) minutes hike with a slope of 10%-15% traversing

the secondary forest over limestone will take to be able to reach the cave. Distance of the

cave to the nearest house is approximately 400 meters and the distance of the cave to the

nearest community is estimated at 30 minutes hiking time (Sitio Singay-Tagbanua

community).

5 NSO, 2010. Census of Population and Housing

16. Old Guinlo

17. Pamantolon

18. Pancol

19. Paly Island

20. Poblacion

21. Pulariquen (Canique)

22. Sandoval

23. San Jose

24. Silanga

25. Alacalian

26. Baras (Pangpang)

27. Libertad

28. Minapla

29. Talog

30. Tumbod

31. Paglaum

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Land Use

Existing land-use patterns in areas adjacent to the cave are agroforestry, grazing/pasture

and settlement. Agricultural area is estimated at around 5 hectares and is dominated by

coconuts, manga, cashew, banana, jackfruit, avocado, caimito, duhat, kamias, and guava.

The existing natural forest is more than five (5) hectares. Height of predominant tree is 6-10

meters with an average diameter of 25-50 centimeters. Coconuts with heights of 6-10 meters

dominate the shoreline areas. No orchards as well as plantations are found. Fruit trees are

dispersed throughout the lower slopes. Grassland is absent and settlement area is confined

near the shoreline.

Cultural Features

There are no artifacts (tools, ceramics, pottery, metal implements, wooden coffin, etc.) and

ecofacts (human bones, animal bone, wood) found inside the cave during the survey,

mapping and assessment except for some dead shells.

26

3 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS

3.1GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Conservation, Protection, and Management of Caves and Cave Resources

The primary law on cave and cave resources management and protection in the Philippines

is Republic Act No. 9072 (RA 9072), known as "National Caves and Cave Resources

Management and Protection Act‖. The law states that it is the policy of the State to

―conserve, protect and manage caves and cave resources as part of the country‘s natural

wealth‖. To achieve this, ―the State shall strengthen cooperation and exchange of

information between governmental authorities and people who utilize caves and cave

resources for scientific, educational, recreational, tourism and other purposes‖6.

Likewise, PCSD Administrative Order No. 03-08, implementing PCSD Resolution No. 03-

217, Adopting and Revising the DENR Rules and Regulations of the National Caves and

Cave Resources Management and Protection Act as Applicable in the Province of Palawan.

This Administrative Order is issued pursuant to the policy declared in Republic Act No. 9072

and its objectives as stated. It shall cover all caves and cave resources within public domain

and private lands, excluding manmade excavation, vug, mine tunnel and aqueducts in the

province of Palawan.

Sustainable Development of Caves

In the Province of Palawan, the lead government agency tasked to implement the said law is

the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, pursuant to Republic Act No. 7611 or the

Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act (SEP Law) 7 . RA 7611 provides a

comprehensive policy on the protection, development, and conservation of Palawan‘s

natural resources through the pursuit of sustainable development 8, which is the general

philosophy of an environment and natural resource management framework called the SEP.

6Section 2, RA 9072. The text is available online: www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=27&Itemid=294 [Accessed October 2014] 7Section 4, RA 9072. 8 Section 2 of SEP Law (Declaration of Policy) reads: It is hereby declared the policy of the State to protect, develop and conserve its natural resources. Toward this end, it shall assist and support the implementation of plans, programs and projects formulated to preserve and enhance the environment, and at the same time pursue the socio-economic development goals of the country. It shall support and promote the sustainable development goals for the province through proper conservation, utilization and development of natural resources to provide optimum yields on a continuing basis. […] It shall also adopt the necessary measures leading to the creation of institutional machinery including among others, fiscal and financial programs to ensure the effective and efficient implementation of environmental plans, programs and projects. It shall also promote and encourage the involvement of all sectors of society and maximize people participation (including tribal groups) in natural resource management, conservation and protection.

http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=27&Itemid=294

27

The SEP framework is singled out by RA 7611 as the guide of the local government and

government agencies in the formulation and implementation of plans, programs and projects

(PPPs) affecting Palawan. The legal effect of this guiding framework is emphasized and its

incorporation in the Regional Development Plan (MIMAROPA) is prescribed.

As defined in RA 7611, sustainable development of Palawan means ―the improvement in the

quality of life of its people in the present and future generations through the use of

complementary activities of development and conservation that protect life-support

ecosystem and rehabilitate exploited areas to allow upcoming generations to sustain

development growth‖. This philosophy shall have three criteria, to wit:

1. Ecological viability - The physical and biological cycles that maintain the productivity

of natural ecosystems must always be kept intact.

2. Social acceptability - The people, through participatory process, should be fully

committed to support sustainable development activities by fostering equity in access

to resources and the benefits derived from them.

3. Integrated approach - This allows for a holistic view of problems and issues obtaining

in the environment as well as opportunities for coordination and sharing that will

eventually provide the resources and political will to actually implement and sustain

SEP activities.

This tripartite feature of the SEP framework can serve as the guiding principles of a Cave

Management Plan to be formulated in Palawan.

Cave Conservation, Development, and Logistic Support

In 1990, Palawan was recognized by UNESCO‘s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB)

as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, providing ―a standard against which

can be measured the effects of man‘s impact on his environment‖9. Biosphere reserves are

internationally recognized areas of terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems that constitute

a tool for the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of its components 10.

Article 3 of The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (1995)

provides three complementary functions for biosphere reserves:

1. conservation - contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species

and genetic variation;

2. development - foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally

and ecologically sustainable;

3. logistic support - support for demonstration projects, environmental education and

training, research and monitoring related to local, regional, national and global issues

of conservation and sustainable development.

9Citation for Palawan. 10The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (1995).

28

The combination of these three functions enables biosphere reserves to strive to be sites of

excellence to explore and demonstrate approaches to conservation and sustainable

development. These broad functions at the regional scale of Palawan may be devolved to

the local scale of municipalities. They can be applied as well to ecosystems and smaller

management units like forests, reefs, protected areas, and caves.

Wise Use of Caves

Another broad management principle that is applicable to the caves of Taytay is the ―wise

use‖ of resources. The concept of wise use is the philosophy for wetlands under the Ramsar

Convention. There are, in fact, two wetlands in Palawan which were included in the Ramsar

List of Wetlands of International Importance: the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park and the

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park.

The ―wise use‖ of wetlands in the Ramsar philosophy is defined as ―the maintenance of their

ecological character, achieved through the implementation of ecosystem approaches, within

the context of sustainable development" .Although the caves of Taytay are not wetlands,

their locations within coastal islands make the concept applicable to these caves.

The Ramsar wise use concept may in fact be applied to all wetlands and water resources in

Philippine or Palawan territory. Its application ensures that critical ecosystems can continue

to support biodiversity and human welfare. The ―wise use‖ concept of the Ramsar

Convention is compatible to the sustainable development of a cave and readily complements

its management plan objectives.

3.2 NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL POLICIES AND ISSUANCES

National Laws Related to Cave Planning and Management

Prior to the passage of RA 9072, national laws have been promulgated whose scope may

include activities in caves. These include the National Integrated Protected Areas System

Act of 1992 (RA 7586) which governs activities inside protected areas and The Indigenous

Peoples‘ Rights Act of 1997 (RA 7586) which provides for the protection of the right of

indigenous peoples and indigenous cultural communities, especially with regards to their

ancestral domains.

Since the passage of RA 9072, other pertinent national laws that have direct bearing on the

management of caves as cultural properties and potential tourism destinations have been

passed. The legislations related to cave are summarized in the following table.

29

Table 2.National legislations with significant implications on cave planning and management.

Law / Title Subject Online reference Policy declaration and selected provisions

relevant to caves

1. PRESIDENTIALDECREE

NO. 1586 (Environmental

Impact Statement System)

ESTABLISHING AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

STATEMENT SYSTEM, INCLUDING OTHER

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RELATED

MEASURES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

http://www.chanrobles.com/pd1

586.htm#.UrZLCYXfl5U

It is hereby declared the policy of the State to

attain and maintain a rational and orderly

balance between socio-economic growth and

environmental protection.

2. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7160

(Local Government Code

of 1991)

THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF THE

PHILIPPINES

http://www.gov.ph/downloads/1

991/10oct/19911010-RA-7160-

CCA.pdf

(a) It is hereby declared the policy of the State

that the territorial and political subdivisions of

the State shall enjoy genuine and meaningful

local autonomy to enable them to attain their

fullest development as self-reliant communities

and make them more effective partners in the

attainment of national goals. Toward this end,

the State shall provide for a more responsive

and accountable local government structure

instituted through a system of decentralization

whereby local government units shall be given

more powers, authority, responsibilities, and

resources. The process of decentralization shall

proceed from the national government to the

local government units.

(b) It is also the policy of the State to ensure the

accountability of local government units through

the institution of effective mechanisms of recall,

initiative and referendum.

(c) It is likewise the policy of the State to require

all national agencies and offices to conduct

periodic consultations with appropriate local

government units, non-governmental and

people's organizations, and other concerned

sectors of the community before any project or

program is implemented in their respective

jurisdictions.


(National Integrated

Protected Areas System

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND

MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL INTEGRATED

PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM, DEFINING ITS SCOPE

http://www.gov.ph/1992/06/01/r

epublic-act-no-7586/

Cognizant of the profound impact of man‘s

activities on all components of the natural

environment particularly the effect of increasing

http://www.chanrobles.com/pd1586.htm#.UrZLCYXfl5U

http://www.chanrobles.com/pd1586.htm#.UrZLCYXfl5U

http://www.gov.ph/downloads/1991/10oct/19911010-RA-7160-CCA.pdf



http://www.gov.ph/1992/06/01/republic-act-no-7586/


30


relevant to caves

Act of 1992) AND COVERAGE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES population, resource exploitation and industrial

advancement and recognizing the critical

importance of protecting and maintaining the

natural biological and physical diversities of the

environment notably on areas with biologically

unique features to sustain human life and

development, as well as plant and animal life, it

is hereby declared the policy of the State to

secure for the Filipino people of present and

future generations the perpetual existence of all

native plants and animals through the

establishment of a comprehensive system of

integrated protected areas within the

classification of national park as provided for in

the Constitution.

It is hereby recognized that these areas,

although distinct in features, possess common

ecological values that may be incorporated into

a holistic plan representative of our natural

heritage; that effective administration of this

area is possible only through cooperation

among national government, local government

and concerned private organizations; that the

use and enjoyment of these protected areas

must be consistent with the principles of

biological diversity and sustainable

development.

To this end, there is hereby established a

National Integrated Protected Areas System

(NIPAS), which shall encompass outstandingly

remarkable areas and biologically important

public lands that are habitats of rare and

endangered species of plants and animals,

biogeographic zones and related ecosystems,

whether terrestrial, wetland or marine, all of

which shall be designated as ―protected areas‖.

4. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8371 AN ACT TO RECOGNIZE, PROTECT AND PROMOTE http://www.gov.ph/1997/10/29/r The State shall recognize and promote all the


31


relevant to caves

(The Indigenous Peoples‘

Rights Act of 1997)

THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL

COMMUNITIES/INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, CREATING A

NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES,

ESTABLISHING IMPLEMENTING MECHANISMS,

APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR

OTHER PURPOSES


rights of Indigenous Cultural

Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs)

hereunder enumerated within the framework of

the Constitution:

a) The State shall recognize and promote the

rights of ICCs/IPs within the framework of

national unity and development;

b) The State shall protect the rights of ICCs/IPs

to their ancestral domains to ensure their

economic, social and cultural wellbeing and

shall recognize the applicability of customary

laws governing property rights or relations in

determining the ownership and extent of

ancestral domain;

c) The State shall recognize, respect and

protect the rights of ICCs/IPs to preserve and

develop their cultures, traditions and

institutions. It shall consider these rights in the

formulation of national laws and policies;

d) The State shall guarantee that members of

the ICCs/IPs regardless of sex, shall equally

enjoy the full measure of human rights and

freedoms without distinction or discrimination;

e) The State shall take measures, with the

participation of the ICCs/IPs concerned, to

protect their rights and guarantee respect for

their cultural integrity, and to ensure that

members of the ICCs/IPs benefit on an equal

footing from the rights and opportunities which

national laws and regulations grant to other

members of the population; and

f) The State recognizes its obligations to

respond to the strong expression of the

ICCs/IPs for cultural integrity by assuring

maximum ICC/IP participation in the direction of

education, health, as well as other services of

ICCs/IPs, in order to render such services more


32


relevant to caves

responsive to the needs and desires of these

communities.

Towards these ends, the State shall institute

and establish the necessary mechanisms to

enforce and guarantee the realization of these

rights, taking into consideration their customs,

traditions, values, beliefs, interests and

institutions, and to adopt and implement

measures to protect their rights to their

ancestral domains.


(Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act of 2000)

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID

WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE

NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND

INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS

PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES,

APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR

OTHER PURPOSES


epublic-act-no-9003-s-2001/

It is hereby declared the policy of the State to

adopt a systematic, comprehensive and

ecological solid waste management program


(Philippine Clean Water Act

of 2004)

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE

WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND FOR OTHER

PURPOSES


(Wildlife Resources

Conservation and

Protection Act)

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE CONSERVATION AND

PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES AND THEIR

HABITATS, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR

AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES



It shall be the policy of the State to conserve the

country‘s wildlife resources and their habitats

for sustainability. In the pursuit of this policy,

this Act shall have the following objectives:

(a) to conserve and protect wildlife species and

their habitats to promote ecological balance and

enhance biological diversity;

(b) to regulate the collection and trade of

wildlife;

(c) to pursue, with due regard to the national

interest, the Philippine commitment to

international conventions, protection of wildlife

and their habitats; and

(d) to initiate or support scientific studies on the

conservation of biological diversity.

http://www.gov.ph/2001/01/26/republic-act-no-9003-s-2001/




33


relevant to caves

8. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO.

578 of 2006

ESTABLISHING THE POLICY ON BIOLOGICAL

DIVERSITY, PRESCRIBING ITS IMPLEMENTATION

THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, PARTICULARLY IN

THE SULU SULAWESI MARINE ECOSYSTEM AND

VERDE ISLAND PASSAGE MARINE CORRIDOR

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/ph

i76429.pdf

SECTION 1. Policy of the State on Biological Diversity.-In accordance with law, it is the policy

of the state to protect, conserve, and sustainably use biological diversity to ensure and secure the well-being of present and future generations of Filipinos. This state policy extends to all the components of biodiversity ecosystems, species and genes… SEC. 2. Role of the Private Sector and Civil Society.-Recognizing that the protection,

conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity is a shared responsibility among all sectors, the DENR and all concerned government agencies and offices shall actively engage and collaborate with the private sector, civil society, and local communities so that biological diversity goals are incorporated in their respective programs and activities, including institutionalizing biodiversity conservation as a principal corporate environmental responsibility. Public participation in protection, conservation and sustainable use activities, especially at the local level, shall be encouraged to maximize conservation and community benefits.


(The Tourism Act of 2009)

AN ACT DECLARING A NATIONAL POLICY FOR

TOURISM AS AN ENGINE OF INVESTMENT,

EMPLOYMENT, GROWTH AND NATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT, AND STRENGTHENING THE

DEPARTMENT OF TOUMSM AND ITS ATTACHED

AGENCIES TO EFFECTIVELY EFFICIENTLY

IMPLEMENT THAT POLICY, AND APPROPRIATING

FUNDS THEREFOR


epublic-act-no-9593-s-2009/

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. — The State

declares tourism as an indispensable element

of the national economy and an industry of

national interest and importance, which must be

harnessed as an engine of socioeconomic

growth and cultural affirmation to generate

investment, foreign exchange and employment,

and to continue to mold an enhanced sense of

national pride for all Filipinos.

SECTION 37. Local Tourism Development

Planning. — LGUs, in consultation with

stakeholders, are encouraged to utilize their

powers under Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise

known as the Local Government Code of 1991,

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi76429.pdf

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi76429.pdf



34


relevant to caves

to ensure the preparation and implementation of

a tourism development plan, the enforcement of

standards and the collection of statistical data

for tourism purposes. They shall, insofar as

practicable, prepare local tourism development

plans that integrate zoning, land use,

infrastructure development, the national system

of standards for tourism enterprises, heritage

and environmental protection imperatives in a

manner that encourages sustainable tourism

development.

SECTION 39. Accreditation. — In order to

encourage global competitiveness, strengthen

data gathering and research on tourism, and

facilitate the promotion of individual enterprises

and the industry as a whole, the Department

shall prescribe and regulate standards for the

operation of the tourism industry. Primary

tourism enterprises shall be periodically

required to obtain accreditation from the

Department as to the quality of their facilities

and standard of services. Accreditation shall be

voluntary for secondary tourism enterprises.

The Department shall evolve a system of

standards for the accreditation of these

enterprises in accordance with the relevant

tourism development plan. These standards

shall adhere, insofar as practicable, to those

recognized internationally. The Department and

LGUs shall ensure strict compliance of tourism

enterprises with these standards.

The Department, through the Office of Tourism

Standards and Regulations, shall act on

complaints regarding accredited tourism

enterprises and after notice and hearing, may

impose fines, or downgrade, suspend or revoke

accreditation, for violation of the terms thereof.

35


relevant to caves

10. Implementing Rules and

Regulations of

R. A. 9593, otherwise

known as The Tourism

Act of 2009

http://www.tieza.com.ph/ckfinde

r/userfiles/files/TEZ/IRR%20of

%20RA%209593.pdf

11. REPUBLIC ACT NO.

9729

(Climate Change Act of

2009)

AN ACT MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO

GOVERNMENT POLICY FORMULATIONS,

ESTABLISHING THE FRAMEWORK STRATEGY AND

PROGRAM ON CLIMATE CHAGE, CREATING FOR

THIS PURPOSE THE CLIMATE CHANGE

COMMISSION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

http://www.ifrc.org/docs/IDRL/R

A209729.pdf

SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the State to afford full protection and the advancement of the right of the people to healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. In this light, the State has adopted the Philippine Agenda21 framework which espouses sustainable development, to fulfill human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural environment for current and future generations. Cognizant of the need to ensure that national and subnational government policies, plans, programs and projects are founded upon sound environmental considerations and the principle of sustainable development, it is hereby declared the policy of the State to systematically integrate the concept of climate change in various phases of policy formulation, development plans, poverty reduction strategies and other development tools and techniques by all agencies and instrumentalities of the government. SEC. 11. Framework Strategy and Program on Climate Change. – The Commission shall, within six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act, formulate a Framework Strategy on Climate Change. The Framework shall serve as the basis for a program for climate change planning, research and development, extension, and monitoring of activities to protect vulnerable communities from the adverse effects of climate change. The Framework shall be formulated based on climate change vulnerabilities, specific

http://www.tieza.com.ph/ckfinder/userfiles/files/TEZ/IRR%20of%20RA%209593.pdf



http://www.ifrc.org/docs/IDRL/RA209729.pdf

http://www.ifrc.org/docs/IDRL/RA209729.pdf

36


relevant to caves

adaptation needs, and mitigation potential, and in accordance with the international agreements. The Framework shall be reviewed every three

(3) years, or as may be deemed necessary.

SEC. 14. Local Climate Change Action Plan. – The LGUs shall be the frontline agencies in the formulation, planning and implementation of climate change action plans in their respective areas, consistent with the provisions of the Local Government Code, the Framework, and the National Climate Change Action Plan. Barangays shall be directly involved with municipal and city governments in prioritizing climate change issues and in identifying and implementing best practices and other solutions. Municipal and city governments shall consider climate change adaptation, as one of their regular functions. Provincial governments shall provide technical assistance, enforcement and information management in support of municipal and city climate change action plans. Inter-local government unit collaboration shall be maximized in the conduct of climate- related activities.

12. EXECUTIVE ORDER

NO. 533 of 2006

ADOPTING INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT

AS A NATIONAL STRATEGY TO ENSURE THE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY‘S

COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND

RESOURCES AND ESTABLISHING SUPPORT

MECHANISMS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

http://www.gov.ph/2006/06/06/e

xecutive-order-no-533-s-2006/

SEC. 4. Implementation of ICM Programmes. The implementation of ICM programmes shall take into account the following elements:

a. an interagency, multi-sectoral mechanism to coordinate the efforts of different agencies, sectors and administrative levels;

b. coastal strategies and action plans that provide a long term vision and strategy for sustainable development of the coastal area, and a fixed term programme of actions for addressing priority issues and concerns;

http://www.gov.ph/2006/06/06/executive-order-no-533-s-2006/

http://www.gov.ph/2006/06/06/executive-order-no-533-s-2006/

37


relevant to caves

c. public awareness programmes to increase the level of understanding of, and appreciation for, the coastal and marine resources of the area, and to promote a shared responsibility among stakeholders in the planning and implementation of the ICM programme;

d. mainstreaming ICM programmes into the national and local governments‘ planning and socio-economic development programmes and allocating adequate financial and human resources for implementation;

e. capacity building programmes to enhance required human resource skills, scientific input to policy and planning processes, and enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with adopted rules and regulations;

f. integrated environmental monitoring for the purpose of measuring the status, progress and impacts of management programmes against sustainable development indicators, as may be established, and for use in decision-making, public awareness, and performance evaluation; and

g. investment opportunities and sustainable financing mechanisms for environmental protection and improvement and resource conservation.

ICM programmes shall promote the application of best practices, such as, but not limited to:

a. Coastal and marine use zonation as a management tool;

b. Sustainable fisheries and conservation of

38


relevant to caves

living resources;

c. Protection and rehabilitation of coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass, estuaries and other habitats, particularly through implementation of marine protected areas, nature reserves and sanctuaries;

d. Development of upland, watershed, catchment areas and basin wide management approaches;

e. Integrated waste management, including, sewage and solid, hazardous, toxic and other wastes by major sources;

f. Integrated management of port safety, health, security and environmental protection; and

g. Involvement of the private sector/business sector as a partner in ICM.


10066 (National Cultural

Heritage Act of 2009)

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PROTECTION AND

CONSERVATION OF THE NATIONAL CULTURAL

HERITAGE, STRENGTHENING THE NATIONAL

COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS (NCCA)

AND ITS AFFILIATED CULTURAL AGENCIES, AND

FOR OTHER PURPOSES

http://www.ncca.gov.ph/downlo

ads/RA%2010066%20Heritage

%20Law.pdf

SECTION 2. Declaration of Principles and

Policies. – Sections 14, 15, 16, and 17, Article

XIV of the 1987 Constitution declare that the

State shall foster the preservation, enrichment,

and dynamic evolution of a Filipino culture

based on the principle of unity in diversity in a

climate of free artistic and intellectual

expression. The Constitution likewise mandates

the State to conserve, develop, promote and

popularize the nation‘s historical and cultural

heritage and resources, as well as artistic

creations. It further provides that, all the

country‘s artistic and historic wealth constitutes

the cultural treasure of the nation and shall be

under the protection of the State, which may

regulate its disposition.

SECTION 7. Privileges for Cultural Property. -

39


relevant to caves

All cultural properties declared as National

Cultural Treasures and national historical

landmarks shall be entitled to the following

privileges:

(a) Priority government funding for protection,

conservation and restoration;

(b) Incentive for private support of conservation

and restoration through the Commission‘s

Conservation Incentive Program for National

Cultural treasures;

(c) An official Heritage Marker placed by the

cultural agency concerned indicating that the

immovable cultural property has been identified

as national cultural treasures; and/or national

historical landmarks, sites or monuments; and,

(d) In times of armed conflict, natural disasters,

and other exceptional events that endanger the

cultural heritage of the country, all National

Cultural Treasures or national historical

landmarks, sites or monuments shall be given

priority protection by the Government.

All cultural properties declared as Important

Cultural Property may also receive government

funding for its protection, conservation, and

restoration. An official Heritage Marker shall

likewise be placed on an immovable cultural

property to identify the same as important

cultural property.

SECTION 20. Immovable National Cultural

Treasures. - Immovable National Cultural

Treasures shall not be relocated, rebuilt,

defaced or otherwise changed in a manner,

which would destroy the property's dignity and

authenticity, except to save such property from

destruction due to natural causes.

SECTION 30. Anthropological Research and

40


relevant to caves

Archaeological Exploration/Excavation. –

(a) The National Museum with respect to

cultural/ archaeological/ anthropological

matters, and the National historical Institute,

with respect to historical anthropological

matters, shall regulate and control all

anthropological research conducted by

foreigners; and all archaeological excavation or

exploration. Pursuant to the foregoing, the

National Museums or the National Historical

Institute shall deputize other agencies to protect

archaeological and anthropological sites. It

shall be guided by the following rules:

(1) All cultural property found in terrestrial

and / or underwater archaeological sites belong

to the State.

(2) No terrestrial and/or underwater

archaeological explorations and excavations for

the purposes of obtaining materials and data of

cultural value shall be undertaken without

written authority and direct site supervision by

archaeologists and/or representatives of the

National Museum;

(3) All anthropological researches, for the

purpose of obtaining materials and data of

cultural value and where the principal proponent

is a foreign national shall be undertaken only

with the authority, and under the supervision of

the National Museum or the National Historical

Institute. Anthropological research by Philippine

nationals, especially members of the indigenous

communities shall be encouraged;

(4) Archaeological or anthropological

materials presumed as important cultural

property shall be allowed to leave the country

only upon proper evaluation and written

permission of the National Museum or the

41


relevant to caves

National Historical Institute;

(5) All explorations and excavations

undertaken wherein the caves, rock shelters

and their vicinities may have been used in the

prehistoric past by man either for habitation,

religious and/or sacred and burial purposes all

over the country, shall be under the direct

jurisdiction and supervision of archaeologists

and/or other experts of the National Museum;

(6) All mining activities inside caves, rock

shelters and any such other areas shall require

a written permit and clearance from the National

Museum. An appropriate prior inspection by

representatives of the National Museum, funded

by the company applying for a mining right,

shall be required to ensure that no

archaeological materials are present and,

possibly, destroyed;

(7) Excavations in caves, rock shelters and

other areas by laymen are prohibited by this

Act. All earth-moving activities in these areas

must have the proper permit and clearance

from the National Museum and monitored by

their representatives;

(8) All treasure hunting permits and licenses

shall be issued by the National Museum, which

shall formulate the rules and regulations to

adequately control, regulate and monitor all

applicants for such undertakings; and

(9) The provisions of this Act on explorations

and excavations of terrestrial and underwater

archaeological sites shall supersede all local,

municipal, regional and autonomous regional

governments‘ resolutions and ordinances.

(b) When the presence of any cultural or

historical property is discovered, the National

Museum or the National Historical Institute shall

42


relevant to caves

immediately suspend all activities that will affect

the site and shall immediately notify the local

government unit having jurisdiction of the place

where the discovery was made. The local

government shall promptly adopt measures to

protect and safeguard the integrity of the

cultural property so discovered and within five

(5) days from the discovery shall report the

same to the appropriate agency. The

suspension of these activities shall be lifted only

upon the written authority of the National

Museum or the National Historical Institute and

only after the systematic recovery of the

archaeological materials.

(c) The Commission, upon the

recommendation of the appropriate cultural

agency, shall provide incentives for persons

who discover and report heretofore unknown

archaeological sites, in accordance with its

rules and regulations implementing the

provisions of this Act.

(d) Any government or non-government

infrastructure project or architectural site

development shall include anthropological,

archaeological, and historical and heritage site

conservation concerns in their Environmental

Impact Assessment System.

SECTION 33. Incorporation of Cultural Property

Programs in Local Government Units Budgets. -

The local government units are encourage to

incorporate programs and budgets for the

conservation and preservation of Cultural

Property in their environmental, educational and

cultural activities.

43


relevant to caves

14. Implementing Rules and

Regulations of Republic

Act No. 10066 otherwise

known as the National

Cultural Heritage Act of

2009

http://www.ncca.gov.ph/downlo

ads/IRR-heritage.pdf


10086 (Strengthening

Peoples‘ Nationalism

Through Philippine History

Act)

AN ACT STRENGTHENING PEOPLES‘ NATIONALISM

THROUGH PHILIPPINE HISTORY BY CHANGING THE

NOMENCLATURE OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL

INSTITUTE INTO THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL

COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES,

STRENGTHENING ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS,

AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

http://www.senate.gov.ph/repub

lic_acts/ra%2010086.pdf

It is hereby declared to be the policy of the

State to conserve, promote and popularize the

nation‘s historical and cultural heritage and

resources. Pursuant to the Constitution, all the

country‘s artistic and historic wealth constitutes

the cultural treasure of the nation and shall be

under the protection of the State which may

regulate its disposition.

16. GUIDELINES ON THE

IDENTIFICATION,

CLASSIFICATION,

ANDRECOGNITION OF

HISTORIC SITES AND

STRUCTURES IN THE

PHILIPPINES

http://nhcp.gov.ph/wp-

content/uploads/2013/04/IDHis

SS.pdf

http://www.ncca.gov.ph/downloads/IRR-heritage.pdf

http://www.ncca.gov.ph/downloads/IRR-heritage.pdf

http://www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010086.pdf

http://www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010086.pdf

44

SEP ECAN Zoning

The SEP framework relies on a strategy called the Environmentally Critical Areas Network

(ECAN), which is a graded system of protection and development control over the whole of

Palawan1. The caves of Palawan are necessarily subsumed under the established ECAN. The

outcomes of the ECAN, enumerated below, may be used for cave management planning and

development.

1. Forest conservation and protection through the imposition of a total commercial logging

ban in all areas of maximum protection and in such other restricted use zones as the

PCSD may provide;

2. Protection of Watersheds;

3. Preservation of biological diversity;

4. Protection of tribal people and the preservation of their culture;

5. Maintenance of maximum sustainable yield;

6. Protection of the rare and endangered species and their habitat;

7. Provision of areas for environmental and ecological research, education and training;

and

8. Provision of areas for tourist and recreation.

The ECAN zones of Taytay are already established and adopted by the municipality. Sabang-

Samalague Cave is zoned as Traditional Use Zone of the ECAN (Figure 24).

45

Figure 24. ECAN Zones Map of Bgy. Batas, Taytay, Palawan

46

Cave Classification

The classification of caves in Palawan is guided (with slight modifications) by DENR

Administrative Order 2007-04 and the Manual on Cave Classification. These guidelines are

published in The Philippine Cave Handbook: Guidelines and Manual for Cave Classification in

the Philippines (DENR-PAWB 2009)11.

Given the characteristics of the Sabang-Samalague Cave, the PCSD Cave Assessment Team

classified the cave as Class III. This means that the Sabang-Samalague Cave is generally safe

to inexperienced visitors with no known threatened species, archeological, geological, natural

history, cultural, and historical values. These caves may also be utilized for economic purposes

such as guano extraction and edible birds nest collection. However, this classification still needs

the affirmation and approval of the PCSD.

Palawan Cave Management, Protection and Conservation Program

One of the broad powers and functions of the PCSD is to ―formulate [1] plans and [2] policies as

may be necessary to carry out the provisions of‖ the SEP Law. The plan formulation function is

already a legal basis for undertaking cave planning initiatives in Palawan. Section 10 of PCSD

AO No. 8, s. 2003, further provides for the PCSD‘s formulation of Palawan Cave Management,

Protection and Conservation Program (PCMPCP) in coordination with concerned agencies. The

following are the identified components of the Program:

(1) Cave Resource Assessment - inventory and mapping of caves, classification and

documentation of the biological, geological, hydrological, paleontological, archaeological

and historical resources and other relevant cave information.

(2) Resource Management and Utilization - regulation of consumptive and non-consumptive

use of caves and cave resources.

(3) Conservation, Education and Public Awareness - promote/raise awareness, appreciation

and understanding on the importance of and benefits from caves and cave resources and

draw out actions for their protection and conservation.

(4) Human Resource Development - conduct training and workshops to improve the manpower

capability in the implementation of cave management and conservation activities.

(5) Research and Development - development and implementation of research/studies to

support cave management and policy formulation.

Another broad provision on the planning and management of caves is contained in Section 11

of the same Order to wit: ―Any person or institution that discovers a cave/caves shall report the

location to the nearest PCSDS office. The PCSDS shall then plan the appropriate activities to

be undertaken on the reported cave.‖

11 Available online: http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_details&gid=285&Itemid=235

47

The selected pertinent PCSD issuances with bearing on cave management are listed in Tables

3 and 4.

48

Table 3. Cave-related administrative orders issued by PCSD.

Administrative

Orders

Subject Online reference Coverage/Remarks

1. ADMINISTRATIVE

ORDER NO. 6, S.

2008, AS

AMENDED

REVISED GUIDELINES IN THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SEP

CLEARANCE SYSTEM, AMENDING

PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO.

6, SERIES OF 2000, AND PCSD

RESOLUTION NO. 03-2008.

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolut

ions/admin/admin6S2008.htm

Section 1. Scope of Application. These

guidelines shall apply to all projects

and undertakings being or intended to

be implemented in Palawan and shall

serve as guide for all government

instrumentalities mandated to issue

permits, licenses, contracts, or

agreements and other similar

instruments.

2. ADMINISTRATIVE

ORDER NO. 8, S.

2003

IMPLEMENTING PCSD RESOLUTION

NO. 03-217, ADOPTING AND REVISING

THE DENR RULES AND

REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL

CAVES AND CAVE RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION

ACT AS APPLICABLE IN THE

PROVINCE OF PALAWAN

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/r

esolutions/admin/admin8S2003.

htm

3. ADMINISTRATIVE

ORDER NO. 8A, S.

2003

PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES FOR THE

ISSUANCE OF PERMITS FOR THE

COLLECTION, EXTRACTION, AND

REMOVAL OF EDIBLE BIRD'S NESTS

PURSUANT TO SECTION 5.6 OF PCSD

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 8,

SERIES OF 2003


esolutions/admin/admin8AS200

3.htm

Superseded by PCSD AO No. 12, s.

2011

4. ADMINISTRATIVE

ORDER NO. 12, S.

2011

DETAILED GUIDELINES IN THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF REPUBLIC ACT

NO. 9147 AND JOINT DENR-DA-PCSD


esolutions/admin/admin12S2011

.htm

Section 2. Scope of Application. The

provisions of this Order shall apply to

all terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/admin8S2003.htm



http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/admin8AS2003.htm



49

Administrative

Orders

Subject Online reference Coverage/Remarks

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 01 AS

MAY BE MADE APPLICABLE IN THE

PROVINCE OF PALAWAN

species found in the Province of

Palawan.

This Order shall be supplementary to

the provisions of R.A. 9072 (National

Caves and Cave Resources

Management and Protection Act) and

PCSD Administrative Order No. 08.

Specifically, all wildlife resources found

inside the caves shall be governed by

this Order. In case of conflict, the

provisions of this Order and

subsequent issuances pursuant to R.A.

9147 shall prevail.

All activities/undertakings which are

governed by this Order and issued their

corresponding permits/clearances

hereunder shall no longer require the

prior issuance of SEP Clearance by the

PCSD, except as may hereinafter

provided by the PCSD.

50

Table 4. Cave-related resolutions issued by PCSD.

Resolutions Subject Online reference Coverage/Remarks

1. PCSD

RESOLUTION NO.

03-217

RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE DEPARTMENT

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER (DAO) 2003-29

"IMPLEMENTING THE RULES AND

REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL CAVES

AND CAVE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND

PROTECTION ACT OR RA NO. 9072" AND

PROVIDING HENCEFORTH ADMINISTRATIVE

ORDER FOR A REVISED IRR APPLICABLE

TO THE PROVINCE OF PALAWAN

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolu

tions/resolutions/licensing

/res03-217.htm

Implemented by AO No. 8, s. 2003

2. PCSD

RESOLUTION NO.

03-221

A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE

PALAWAN COUNCIL FOR SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT STAFF (PCSDS) TO OPEN A

SPECIAL TRUST FUND FOR THE

COLLECTION AND DISBURSEMENT OF

FUNDS FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

REPUBLIC ACTS NO.9072, 9147 & 9175


tions/resolutions/miscella

neous/res03-221.htm

3. PCSD

RESOLUTION NO.

05-250

THE REVISED GUIDELINES IN

IMPLEMENTING THE ENVIRONMENTALLY

CRITICAL AREAS NETWORK (ECAN), THE

MAIN STRATEGY OF THE SEP FOR

PALAWAN ACT (RA 7611)

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/

resolutions/sep/res05-

250.htm

4. PCSD

RESOLUTION NO.

06-270

A RESOLUTION ALLOWING ECOTOURISM

ACTIVITIES IN CORE ZONES AND

RESTRICTED-USE ZONES


tions/resolutions/tourism/r

es06-270.htm

It is hereby RESOLVED that eco-

tourism activities be allowed in

appropriate core zones and restricted-

use zones duly designated by the

Council as eco-tourism areas;

RESOLVED FURTHER that the eco-

tourism activities shall be limited to

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/sep/res05-250.htm



51


regulated botanical tours, bird

watching, picture taking, trekking,

mountaineering, caving, dolphin and

whale watching, swimming, scuba

diving, canoeing, kayaking,

boardwalking and tree climbing subject

to strict restriction embodied in a code

of conduct to be formulated by the

PCSD with the assistance of the

Department of Tourism (DOT).

5. PCSD

RESOLUTION NO.

06-275

A RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE

PROVISIONS OF THE "REVISED

IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS

OF THE PHILIPPINE MINING ACT OF 1995"

RELATED TO THE ISSUANCE OF PERMIT

FOR THE COLLECTION, EXTRACTION AND

REMOVAL OF GUANO IN THE PROVINCE OF

PALAWAN


tions/resolutions/forestry/r

es06-275.htm


2011

6. PCSD

RESOLUTION NO.

06-276

A RESOLUTION AMENDING PCSD

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 03-08, SERIES

OF 2003 ("Implementing PCSD Resolution No.

03-217, Adopting and Revising the DENR Rules

and Regulations of the National Caves and

Cave Resources Management and Protection

Act as Applicable in the Province of Palawan")


tions/resolutions/forestry/r

es06-276.htm

Amendment of PCSD AO No. 8, s.

2003

7. PCSD

RESOLUTION NO.

06-277

A RESOLUTION AMENDING PCSD

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 08-A, SERIES

OF 2003 ("Procedural Guidelines for the

Issuance of Permits for the Collection/Extraction

and Removal of Edible Bird's Nests Pursuant to


tions/resolutions/licensing

/res06-277.htm


2011

52


Section 5.6 of PCSD Administrative Order No. 8,

Series of 2003")

8. PCSD

RESOLUTION NO.

10-396

RESOLUTION FURTHER AMENDING THE

REVISED RULES OF PROCEDURE IN THE

ADJUDICATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE CASES

FILED BEFORE THE PAB


tions/resolutions/miscella

neous/res10-396.htm

Section 4. Coverage. - These Rules

shall apply to administrative cases or

proceedings for violations of

Administrative Orders duly adopted by

the PCSD, such as, but not limited to,

the following: Joint DENR-DA-PCSD

Administrative Order No. 01 (Wildlife),

PCSD Administrative Order No. 05, as

amended (Live Fish), PCSD

Administrative Order No. 06, as

amended (SEP Clearance System),

PCSD Administrative Order No. 07, as

amended (Chainsaw), PCSD

Administrative Order No. 08 (Caves)

and PCSD Administrative Order No. 11

(Mangrove).

9. PCSD

RESOLUTION NO.

10-413

APPROVING THE 2010 UPDATED LIST OF

TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE WILDLIFE IN

PALAWAN AND THEIR CATEGORIES

PURSUANT TO REPUBLIC ACT 9147,

OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE WILDLIFE

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND

PROTECTION ACT

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/

resolutions/wildlife/res10-

413.HTM

The updated list of threatened

terrestrial and marine wildlife in

Palawan and their categories is found

here:

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/wi

ldlife/updated%20list%20of%20threate

ned%20terrestrial%20and%20marine

%20wildlife%20series%20of%202010-

web.pdf

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/wildlife/res10-413.HTM



53


10. PCSD

RESOLUTION

NO. 12-433

RESOLUTION DECLARING SEC. 7 OF PCSD

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 08 AS NULL

AND VOID FOR BEING CONTRARY TO THE

INTENTS AND PURPOSES OF REPUBLIC

ACT NO. 9072


tions/resolutions/admin/P

CSD%20Resolution%20N

o.12-433.htm


2003

11. PCSD

RESOLUTION

NO. 13-484

DIRECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND

NATURAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE TO

PERFORM THE FUNCTIONS OF PALAWAN

WILDLIFE MANAGMEMENT COMMITTEE AND

PALAWAN CAVES MANAGEMENT,

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION

COMMITTEE AMENDING SECTION 4 OF

PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 12,

SERIES OF 2011


tions/resolutions/wildlife/P

CSD%20Resolution%20n

o.%2013-484.pdf


2011

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/PCSD%20Resolution%20No.12-433.htm




3. EXISTING AND EMERGING INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Institutional Arrangement

RA 9072, as made applicable to the province of Palawan, is supported by the PCSD

Administrative Order No. 8, s. 2003, as amended and complemented by several issuances.

While the implementation of the law is primarily lodged with the PCSD, several agencies are

called to collaborate with the PCSD in its implementation. These entities are as follows:

Table 5.Mandate of agencies in the implementation of RA 9072 (Sections 4 and 5, PCSD Resolution No. 06-276).

Agency/Entity Role Powers and Functions

PCSD Lead implementing agency Conduct province wide planning, technical assistance to other agencies, and

evaluation of activities in collaboration with other concerned agencies/entities

as mentioned in Section 4 herein, in the implementation of this Order [PCSD

Resolution No. 06-276];

Enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with any local government

unit, other government agencies, non-government organization, people's

organization, academe and other concerned entities for the conservation,

protection, development, and management of caves and cave resources;

Shall lead the team/group composed of the DENR, LGU, NM, NHI, non-

government organizations, Indigenous Peoples, peoples organizations,

academe and other concerned agencies in the conduct of researches on the

identification, assessment and classification of caves and cave resources

assessment and monitoring activities;

Tap the cooperation of non-government organizations, people's organization

and other stakeholders as active partners in the conservation and protection of

caves and cave resources;

Disseminate information and conduct educational campaign on the need to

conserve, protect and manage caves and cave resources, with other partner

agencies;

Issue SEP clearance/accreditation for the collection and removal of guano and

other cave resources prior to LGU issuance of mayor's/business permit;

56


Conduct compliance monitoring of the SEP Clearance given to cave and caves

resources permitees as part of its oversight function;

Training, certification deputization of Wildlife Enforcement Officer (WEO) and

Cave Protection and Enforcement Officers (CPEO)

Determine, in collaboration with concerned entities, the appropriate bonds and

fees for the issuance of SEP clearance /accreditation;

Call on any government unit, bureau, agency, state university and/or other

instrumentality of the government for assistance as the need arises in the

discharge of its functions; and

Exercise other powers and perform other functions as may be necessary to

implement the provisions of Republic Act No. 9072.

Local

Government

Units (LGUs)

Management and protection

of caves pursuant to Republic

Act 7160 (Local Government

Code of 1991) and its

implementing rules and

regulations

Enter into a memorandum of agreement with the PCSDS for the preservation,

protection, development and management of caves and cave resources;

Facilitate the organization, accreditation and issuance of permits to nest and

other cave resources gatherers in the municipality;

Implement the IRR formulated by the PCSDS through local ordinances and/or

other legal instrumentalities;

Tap the cooperation of local communities, institutions and organizations as

partners in the conservation and protection of caves and cave resources;

57


Issue visitor permits for caves classified for ecotourism by the appropriate

tourism office;

Collect fees/royalties, fines and bonds from the utilization of cave resources

and deposit the same to the Special Trust Fund created for the purpose and;

Assist the PCSDS in the filing of cases for violation of the Caves Act.

National Museum

of the Philippines

(NM)


of caves in Palawan assessed

with cultural, paleontological

and archaeological values

pursuant to Republic Act 4846

(An Act Providing for the

Protection and Preservation

of Philippine Cultural

Properties) and its

implementing rules and

regulations

Manage and protect caves in Palawan assessed with cultural, paleontological

and archaeological values;

With other agencies, participate in the conduct of studies or researches on the


which is to be led by the PCSDS and;

Participate in the conduct of Information and Education Campaign regarding

caves and cave resources led by the PCSDS.

National

Historical Institute

(NHI) [now the

National

Historical

Commission of

the Philippines

(NHCP)]


of caves assessed with

historical value pursuant to

Presidential Decree No. 1505-

78 (Amending Presidential

Decree No. 26, as amended,

Prohibiting the Unauthorized

Modification, Alteration,

Repair and Destruction of

Original Features of All

National Shrines, Monuments,

Manage and protect caves assessed with historical value;

With other agencies, participate in the conduct of studies or researches on the


which is to be led by the PCSDS and;

Participate in the conduct of Information and Education Campaign regarding

caves and cave resources led by the PCSDS.

58


Landmarks and Other

Important Historic Edifices)

Department of

Tourism (DOT)

Promotion of caves classified

for ecotourism and in the cave

visitor management in

accordance with Executive

Order No. Ill (Establishing the

Guidelines for Ecotourism

Development in the

Philippines) and Joint DENR-

DOT Memorandum Circular

No. 98-02 (Guidelines for

Ecotourism Development in

the Philippines)

Promote caves classified for tourism;

Manage cave visitors in cooperation with the LGUs;

Participate in the conduct of studies or researches on the identification,

assessment and classification of caves and cave resources which is to be led

by the PCSDS and;

With other agencies, assist the PCSDS in assessing the value of a cave.

Training, certification and accreditation of Cave Guides in the Philippines

Department of

Environment and

Natural

Resources

Protection of caves Protect and manage caves within protected areas;

Assist the PCSDS in the conduct of studies or researches on the identification,

assessment and classification of caves and cave resources;

Assist the PCSD in conducting IEC regarding caves and cave resources;

Act as resource persons during training in cave management and caving skills

and;

Provide assistance to the PCSDS and LGUs in the monitoring of caves and

cave resources.

59


Indigenous

Peoples

Manage and protect caves

within ancestral lands

Manage and protect caves within ancestral lands/domains;

Assist technical personnel from different agencies during the conduct of

studies or researches on the identification, assessment and classification of

caves after they have obtained the FPIC [Note: The PCSD may no longer

secure FPIC under PCSD Resolution No. 12-433] and;

Be deputized as Cave Enforcement and Protection Officers (CPEO) for the

protection of caves and cave resources found inside CADTs/CADCs.

60

Palawan Caves Management, Protection and Conservation Committee12

At the provincial level, the Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) Committee of the PCSD

shall act as the Palawan Caves Management, Protection and Conservation Board (PCMPCB)

and, concurrently, as Palawan Wildlife Management Committee. The function of the PCMPCB is

to assist the PCSD in the implementation of RA 9072 (Caves Act). In addition to the existing

members of ENR Committee, representatives of the following agencies are included as

committee members of the PCMPCB.

1. National Museum of the Philippines (Region IV-B Palawan sub-office)

2. National Historical Commission of the Philippines [formerly the National Historical Institute]

3. Department of Tourism

4. Local Government Units through the League of Mayors

Municipal Cave Committee13

At the municipal level, a Municipal Cave Committee (MCC) shall be created. It shall be led by

the local chief executive and shall be composed of representatives from the coordinating

agencies, academe, and non-government organizations, among others. The function of the

MCC is to ensure the implementation of municipal program on cave management, protection,

and conservation.

In case of Taytay, its MCC has long been established since October 18, 2011 through Executive

Order No. 14, Series of 2011 and is active in the management of caves, specifically those with

have existing edible birds nest production.

Municipal ECAN Board

In the absence of a constituted MCC, the Municipal ECAN Board duly created under PCSD AO

No. 10, s. 200514 and PCSD Resolution No. 05-250, may in the interim be tapped to act as the

MCC. The ECAN Board is a multisectoral, coordinative, and advisory body to the local

government unit (LGU) tasked to assist in: the development of plans and programs to

implement the ECAN at the municipal level; protection and management of the environment in

the local areas; the promotion of sustainable utilization of natural resources; the monitoring of

development projects to ensure their compatibility with the ECAN zones and local environmental

12 PCSD Resolution No. 13-484. 13Section 10, PCSD AO No. 8, s. 2003. 14 PCSD AO No. 10, s. 2005. GUIDELINES IN THE CREATION AND/OR RECONSTITUTION OF ECAN BOARDS IN THE CITY/ MUNICIPALITIES OF PALAWAN", IMPLEMENTING SECTIONS 37-39 OF PCSD RESOLUTION NO. 05-250, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE REVISED ECAN GUIDELINES. Online: http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/admin10S2005.htm

61

conditions; and the facilitation of the flow of activities, documents and decision-making

processes related to the efficient and effective implementation of the ECAN.

As with the composition of the PCMPCB the membership of the Municipal ECAN Board can be

expanded to include concerned agencies and entities like National Museum, National Historical

Commission of the Philippines, and Department of Tourism.

62

4 ISSUES AND THREATS

4.1 THREATS TO CAVE ECOSYSTEM

The current threats to Sabang - Samalague Cave are agriculture development,

kaingin/deforestation, habitation and uncontrolled recreational activities/ mass tourism. The

adjacent areas within the cave system are already claimed by private individuals in whom some

are already ―Titled‖ properties. Residents perceived that the absence of a relocation survey

which result to land grabbing and land speculation are also threat in the cave ecosystem.

Uncontrolled and irresponsible use of the cave as ―Mass Tourism site‖ might lead to the

disruption of normal processes that occurs during cave evolution. The soil substrate (guano) will

be trampled and compacted by the uncontrolled influx of local and foreign tourists inside the

chambers. Moreover, there is a tendency for other cave visitors to explore and unconsciously

destroy cave speleothems and speleogen. The noise and motion inside the caves would create

disturbance to movement and ecology of the cave fauna. Bats are the most affected by sound

waves created by the visitors as it could lead to distraction in their flight pattern (echolocation)

and possibly abortion of their carried babies. This may further lead to transfer of habitat for the

bats which produces the food (guano) of other life forms inside the cave.

Inappropriate knowledge on the wildlife inside the caves and its proper handling threatens the

wildlife population as well as the food chain. Residents consider wildlife, specifically snakes , as

threat to residents and cave visitors resulting to killing of many snakes.

4.2 POLICIES RELATED TO CAVE MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION

Uses of Caves and Cave Resources

Caves may be used for various reasons, including scientific, economic, educational, ecotourism,

and other purposes. The appropriate use and allowable activities in caves shall be made by

PCSD, in collaboration with concerned entities, based on the assessment and classification of

the subject caves.

Such activities may be subject to the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System and other

related rules and regulations. The regulatory measures on the collection of animal derivatives

(e.g., edible bird's nests and guano) and all other wildlife resources found inside the caves are

guided by PCSD AO No. 12, s. 2011.

Cave Wildlife-Related Permits

Collection, extraction, and transporting of all wildlife resources and their derivatives (e.g., edible

bird‘s nest and guano) found inside caves shall likewise be guided by PCSD AO No. 12, s.

2011. The same Order shall cover special use permit for the collection of species from the wild

for direct trade and for farming.

63

Visitor permits for caves classified for ecotourism shall be issued by the PCSD upon prior

clearance from the appropriate tourism office. The PCSD shall not issue permits for the removal

of stalactites and stalagmites or any cave resources when doing so may adversely affect the

value of a significant cave.

Section 17 of National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 (RA 10066) authorizes the National

Museum (NM) ―to collect, maintain and develop the national reference collections of Philippine

flora and fauna, rocks and minerals through research and field collection of specimens including

Important Cultural Property within the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines.‖ NM is likewise

exempted from all permitting systems regulating the same. Nevertheless, NM shall inform the

Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Department of Agriculture of such

collection. In Palawan, the NM may extend courtesy call to the PCSD whenever there is an

activity related to systematic research in natural history.

Research Inside Caves

The clearance for undertaking research inside caves shall be covered by any one of two PCSD

AOs, depending on the scope of the research. All wildlife-related research shall be covered by

regulations under PCSD AO No. 12, s. 2011. Otherwise, the SEP Clearance System (PCSD AO

No. 6, s. 2008) shall regulate the research.

When it comes to cultural, archaeological, or anthropological research by foreign nationals, the

authority to regulate and supervise such activity resides in the NM, pursuant to the provisions of

RA 10066. With respect to historical anthropological matters, the National Historical

Commission of the Philippines will be the authority. Research conducted by Filipinos, especially

members of indigenous cultural communities, are encouraged.

Treasure Hunting and Archaeological Exploration and Excavation in Caves

The NM reserves the right to issue permits and licenses pertaining to treasure hunting as per

RA 10066. It shall formulate rules and regulations that will govern such undertaking.

Any terrestrial and/or underwater archaeological explorations and excavations specifically to

obtain materials and data of cultural value shall require written authority from the NM. Further,

the archaeologists and/or representatives of the NM shall have direct site supervision of these

activities.

The NM shall have direct jurisdiction and supervision of excavations, explorations, and all earth-

moving activities in caves, rock shelters, and their vicinities all over the Philippines, when such

areas ―may have been used in the prehistoric past by man either for habitation, religious and/or

sacred and burial purposes‖, Mining in caves shall likewise require a written permit and

clearance from the NM. Laymen are prohibited from doing excavations in caves.

64

Discovery of Any Cultural or Historical Property

Section 30 (b) of RA 10066 provides for the procedure to be followed when cultural or historical

property is discovered in a cave, to wit:

“When the presence of any cultural or historical property is discovered, the National Museum or

the National Historical Institute shall immediately suspend all activities that will affect the site

and shall immediately notify the local government unit having jurisdiction of the place where the

discovery was made. The local government shall promptly adopt measures to protect and

safeguard the integrity of the cultural property so discovered and within five (5) days from the

discovery shall report the same to the appropriate agency. The suspension of these activities

shall be lifted only upon the written authority of the National Museum or the National Historical

Institute and only after the systematic recovery of the archaeological materials.”

Caves within Private Lands

All caves and cave resources, including all cultural properties found therein, belong to the State.

Hence, landowners with caves inside their properties must secure necessary permits and

clearances from the PCSD and/or the NM for the use, collection, or removal of any resources in

the caves.

Caves inside Ancestral Domains

Consistent with the provisions of The Indigenous Peoples‘ Rights Act of 1997 (RA 8371) and its

implementing rules and regulations, all agencies and any entity must secure free, prior, and

informed consent (FPIC) from concerned indigenous peoples (IPs) before the conduct of

research and other activities in caves within ancestral domains/lands. The PCSD, however, may

no longer be required to secure FPIC from concerned IPs in the management and protection of

caves and cave resources within ancestral domains. In the case of caves and cave resources

with archaeological, cultural, or anthropological values, the NM may no longer be required to

secure the same in their research and activities. This is because RA 9072 and RA 10066 are

promulgated after the passage of RA 8371 and thus supersede certain provisions of the latter.

However, these laws do not preclude the PCSD and the NM to extend courtesy calls,

information drives, and consultations with indigenous peoples prior to their activities in caves.

With respect to the indigenous properties, Section 21 of RA 10066 provides that ―the

appropriate cultural agency in consultation with the National Commission on Indigenous

Peoples shall establish a program and promulgate regulations to assist indigenous people in

preserving their particular cultural and historical properties.‖

Cave Tourism

There are several models of cave tourism management in the Philippines, the foremost of which

is the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park which (famously known as

Underground River), due to its high aesthetic and landscape value, is recognized as a prime

65

tourist destination in Palawan. It is being managed by the City of Puerto Princesa through the

Protected Area Management Board. The Tabon Caves (declared by NM as National Cultural

Property of the Philippines 2013) Reservation is an important archaeological site and is being

managed by the National Museum. There have been published reports that archeological

materials were also found in Ille cave and Pasimbahan – magsanib site, Dewil valley in El Nido.

Maulohin cave and Istar Cairn of Imorigue Island were positively identified as secondary burial

ground due to the presence of skeletal remains and wooden coffin.

At the national level, tourism is guided by several laws, issuances, and plans like the National

Tourism Development Plan 2011-201615. For Palawan, the strong environmental component

makes ecotourism a viable strategy in the development of resources like caves. The National

Ecotourism Strategy which came out in 2002 adapts the Bohol Congress definition of

ecotourism as ―a form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage area where

community participation, protection and management of natural resources, culture and

indigenous knowledge and practices, environmental education and ethics, as well as economic

benefits are fostered and pursued for the enrichment of host communities and the satisfaction of

visitors.‖16

Executive Order No. 111 (Establishing the Guidelines for Ecotourism Development in the

Philippines)17 creates a formal organizational structure for the development of ecotourism in the

country. It creates a National Ecotourism Development Council (NEDC), composed of the

secretaries of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources, Interior and Local Government,

Trade and Industry, Finance, Education, the Secretary General of the National Economic and

Development Authority (NEDA), and representatives from the private sector and non-

government organizations (NGOs). The NEDC is a policy-making body for ecotourism and is

chaired by the Department of Tourism and co-chaired by the Department of Environment and

Natural Resources.

4.3 CAVE USES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Sabang - Samalague cave and its surrounding area can carry soft impact ecotourism activities

(wall climbing, cave tour, picture taking) and scientific studies. It can be opened to experienced

and inexperienced caver or guided educational tours and visits. The speleothems (stalactites,

stalagmites, columns, flowstones, shawls, rimstone dams, etc.) inside the caves are magnificent

structures to study and observe.

15http://www.visitmyphilippines.com/index.php?title=NTDPFINALDRAFT&func=all&pid=3203&tbl=1 16National Ecotourism Strategy. 2002. Prepared by National Ecotourism Steering Committee and Ecotourism Technical Working Group, through the New Zealand Official Development Assistance. Available online: http://www.chm.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=210&Itemid=122 17http://www.gov.ph/1999/06/17/executive-order-no-111-s-1999/

http://www.visitmyphilippines.com/index.php?title=NTDPFINALDRAFT&func=all&pid=3203&tbl=1

http://www.chm.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=210&Itemid=122

66

The secondary forest over limestone (commonly known as Molave Forest) surrounding the cave

system still possesses huge tree species and various wildlife species. This could be a living

laboratory for students to study flora and fauna. The challenging course that leads to the caves

is a fitness treat to outdoors enthusiast and nature lovers. It has an idyllic spot to view the

Sharks Fin Bay from atop.

4.4 PAST AND CURRENT INITIATIVES

The PCSDS in cooperation with the municipal government of Taytay has previously identified 13

caves in the municipality. Several more caves remain to be classified and assessed. Among the

identified caves, Sabang-Samalague and Tinagusan Bat Cave were fully assessed and

classified by the PCSDS Cave Assessment Team. There is a standing MOA between the local

government of Taytay through its municipal mayor and municipal council and the PCSD to

utilize some caves within limestone karst islands for edible birds nest‘s gathering/collection such

as the Pavillon Grande and Pavillon Pequeno. However, with the current rate of extraction of

bird‘s nest, measures must be put in place to ensure that swiftlet population will not continuously

dwindle.

To understand the dynamics in the trade of edible bird‘s nests, the staff conducted a study in

2012. The study revealed that the method employed to gather bird‘s nests is dangerous and a

mistake would mean impairment or death. It is also revealed that the edible bird‘s nest trade is a

lucrative industry but busyadors or nests collectors received only a minimal amount.

In terms of institutional support, the municipal government of Taytay is active in promoting the

protection and conservation of the caves in its territory. The PCSD is actively involved in cave

assessment in the area and assisted in the preparation of the Tourism Management Framework

Plan under the Sustainable Environmental Management Project for Northern Palawan (SEMP-

NP).

4.5 SITUATION ANALYSIS

Need for Strong Local Involvement in Cave Protection, Conservation, and

Management

A major consideration to the success of management interventions in Sabang-Samalague

Cave is resolving land use conflict in the area, particularly between cave protection and

agricultural development of land owners/claimants around the cave system. A compromise

agreement needs to be reached wherein value of cave protection and conservation will be

shared to claimants so that they can be deputized as cave stewards and protectors (CSP).

An equitable sharing scheme needs to be developed where claimants will be compensated

for foregoing agricultural activities in identified zones around the cave. Such compensation

can come from proceeds of the use of the cave for ecotourism.

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The cooperation of the locals in cave conservation will simplify the approach to cave

protection and management. It will lead to the reduction of activities which can pose adverse

impacts to the integrity of Sabang-Samalague Cave. The locals can be directly engaged to

‗police‘ surrounding areas of the cave against encroachment of agriculture development, the

practice of kaingin or slash-and-burn farming, deforestation, and uncontrolled tourism.

However, only few of the residents of Batas Island are able to see the Sabang-Samalague

Cave because of its distance from the community. While some reported that they gather

fuelwood in nearby forest, only the barangay LGU and those persons involved in the

clearing of cave trail were able to enter the cave.

Therefore, locals must first realize the importance of the cave and this can be done through

educational tour for the local residents. It can be expected that after the educational tour,

residents will have a better involvement in the cave protection and management and will

develop their sense of ownership for the cave.

Need for a Dedicated Local Cave Management Body

The Taytay Municipal Cave Committee (MCC), ECAN Board and/or Local Government of

Barangay Batas need to be constituted as the local designated authority to govern Sabang-

Samalague Cave. Its management infrastructure needs to be strengthened to make it

adequate to the task. The cave management body members through the MCC should be

literate about the management plan and must be able to adopt their own policies for a sound

cave management system. They should be empowered to provide organizational

arrangements to involve all stakeholders in cave management. As such, the MCC needs to

be capacitated and strengthened to enhance its linkage and networking with national and

local management authorities such as the PCSD, NM, NHCP, and DOT.

o Carrying capacity threshold established

Before opening an area to tourists, identification of its carrying capacity is necessary to

ensure that the number of visitors will not adversely impact the cave and its ecosystem.

Once established, the local cave management body must strictly observe and implement the

maximum number of cave visitors.

Need for a “Green Tourism” Program for the Cave

The remoteness and isolation of Sabang-Samalague Cave in Batas Island relative to the

municipal proper of Taytay and its relative distance to the tour destinations of El Nido makes

it attractive for the adventurous segment of tourists and travelers. The terrestrial cave

exploration activity can be complemented by potential coastal and marine products in the

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area such as island-hopping, snorkeling, resort development, scuba diving, mangrove

boardwalking, technical diving, dolphin watching, and game fishing18.

There is an opportunity to market the aesthetic values and ―isolation and remoteness value‖

of the whole Batas Island. A viable livelihood option in the is land is green tourism which is

an environment and culture-friendly option that can bring benefits direct to the grassroots

level. Green tourism, particularly one that is anchored on Community-Based Ecotourism

(CBET) or Community-Based Sustainable Tourism (CBST), can address both environmental

conservation and socio-economic improvement of the local communities.

In green tourism, there is no need to rely on high-end tourism infrastructure and services

and to put up hard infrastructures. Instead, the practices or the way of living of the

community can be marketed. Tourists will be given the opportunity to experience living away

from home where they have a choice of personally getting their food fresh from the source.

Moreover, green tourism can be a platform for public-private partnerships (PPP) and strong

community support and participation. Ecotourism becomes more significant when actually

participated in and supported by the local communities19.

A green tourism program for Batas Island centered on cave exploration needs to consider

various elements including the visitation management, tourism infrastructure development,

establishment of an equitable income sharing and user‘s fee system, and accreditation of

tourism establishments and cave guides, among others.

o Need to be included in the Tourism Circuit

The Batas Island is currently not included in the tourist destinations of Taytay because of its

distant location from the rest of the tourism sites. However, the island is visited by tourists

from the adjacent municipality of El Nido. Caving and scuba diving in sharks fin bay are the

reason for this awareness. In effect, indiscriminate tourism activities are performed such as

vandalism/graffiti‘s, littering, and noise pollution. In addition, the municipality of Taytay and

Bgy. Batas LGU were not able to get revenue from the visitation activity.

To address this, the Batas Island needs to be included in the tourism circuit of Taytay, and if

possible, in El Nido since most of its visitors came from the latter. The Municipal Tourism

Offices of both municipalities need to come up with a scheme to ensure equitably sharing in

the revenue.

18Libosada, C.Jr.M. 2006.Ecotourism Strategy for Sulu-Sulawesi Seascape. With focus on the three corridors: Balabac Strait, Verde Pasage, and Cagayan Ridge. Quezon City: Conservation International – Philippines. 19Libosada 2006, p. 37.

69

o Accredited cave guides

Local residents can be hired to become cave guides so they can have additional income.

However, like tour guides, cave guides must be trained and accredited to ensure the safety

of both the cave environment and guests. The PCSD staff can assist in the training of cave

guides. Accreditation20 of cave guides is conducted by the Department of Tourism.

20Rules and Regulations on Accreditation of Cave Guides. Available from: http://accreditationonline.tourism.gov.ph/Downloadables/Standards/CaveGuides.pdf[Accessed on October 2014]

http://accreditationonline.tourism.gov.ph/Downloadables/Standards/CaveGuides.pdf

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5 THE MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

Considering the legal and institutional planning frameworks outlined in Chapter 3 (i.e.,

Conservation, Protection, and Management of Caves and Cave Resources; Sustainable

Development; Logistic Support; and Wise Use) as well as the threats and issues Sabang-

Samalague Cave currently and potentially faces, it is the goal of this Management Plan to

ensure ecosystem integrity of the Sabang-Samalague Cave and its adjacent environment

for the benefit of the present and future generation of Taytay. Ecosystem integrity here

means the well-maintained structural and functional capability of the cave to support and sustain

valuable human services21.

Specifically, the Plan has three interlinked objectives:

1. to protect and manage the cave in an integrated and adaptive manner,

2. to efficiently use the cave and the resources therein, and

3. to safeguard the cave ecosystem‘s resilience and stability and enhance its productivity.

The stability of the cave ecosystem can be viewed as resistance to change or the ecosystem‘s

ability to withstand perturbation or disturbance. The cave can be seen as stable, for instance,

when no change can be detected in the identities or population sizes of species within it.

Resilience is the return to equilibrium after a perturbation. Productivity, on the other hand, can

be measured as the amount of biological material (biomass) produced in the cave during a

period of time22.

The objectives, outcomes, and strategies of the Plan are illustrated in the following diagram. It

shows an integrated, ecosystem-based approach to cave management. Overlaps indicate the

common thematic areas for possible synergy between component outcomes of the plan.

21 For a discussion of the concept of ecosystem integrity, see De Leo, G. A., and S. Levin. 1997. The multifaceted aspects of ecosystem integrity. Conservation Ecology [online] 1 (1): 3. Available from the Internet. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol1/iss1/art3/ 22Odum, E.P., and G.W. Barrett. 2005. Fundamentals of Ecology, 5th ed. Thomson Brookes/Cole.

http://www.consecol.org/vol1/iss1/art3/

71

Figure 25.Sabang-Samalague Cave sustainable management framework.

This management framework is holistic and integrative. It captures the aspects of protection,

education, and sustainable development. It is also an integration of various elements that are

vital to the preservation of the integrity of the cave and the enhancement of the welfare of the

people living around it. These interlinked elements are ecology, biodiversity, archeology, policy,

local culture, economy, and society.

The adaptive nature of the management plan has to be emphasized. This is due to the many

uncertainties and constraints inherent in the cave resource management in a far-flung area such

as Batas Island, Taytay. The scope of the plan is limited by the lack of preparatory activities for

ecotourism development, including gender and development issues, and the preponderance of

cave-related policies which may require integration and harmonization prior to their on-ground

application. This plan is subject to monitoring and periodic review and will be revised

accordingly

ESTABLISHED GREEN

TOURISM PROGRAM FOR

THE CAVE

STRENGTHENED CAVE

GOVERNANCE,

STEWARDSHIP, AND

ADVOCACY

Community capacity development and

empowerment; sustainable use of

resources; equity in resource access and

benefits

Conservation and protection

of cave and cave support

systems; reduction of risks to

cave system; restoration of

exploited areas

Cave policy development;

strong local involvement;

enhanced linkages; IEC;

strong participation

Sustainable,

Efficient, and Wise

Use of Cave

Well-Protected and

Well-Managed Cave

Maintained Resilience and

Stability and Enhanced

Productivity of Cave

Ecosystem

Ensure

Ecosystem

Integrity

REDUCED CAVE

THREATS AND

ENHANCED CAVE

ECOSYSTEM

SECURITY

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5.2 EXPECTED OUTCOMES AND STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THEM

The following are three expected outcomes of the implementation of the Plan:

1. established and strengthened cave governance, stewardship, and advocacy, and

2. reduced cave threats and enhanced cave ecosystem security,

3. established green tourism program for the cave.

Outcome 1: Cave Governance, Stewardship, and Advocacy

The creation and capacitation of a cave governing body will ensure that all efforts on cave

management will be supervised and administered. Promoting cave stewardship and advocacy

will be vital not only to achieving success of initial efforts but to sustaining them overtime. The

strategies to achieve the first outcome include the following:

policy development and policy reform

relocation survey and land claimants/owners discussion

community organization and mobilization to encourage the active involvement and

participation of local people

training and education of all personnel involved in cave management

exchange of experience, knowledge, and expertise

multidisciplinary research and development to aid cave planners and managers, policy

makers, and decision makers

information campaigns and extension services

internal and external linkage and networking

Outcome 2: Cave Protection and Security

The second outcome makes sure that the management regime will be able to provide security

for the cave. The strategies to be used to attain this include the following:

cave protection and management through political agreements, policy measures, ecosystem

enhancement, and law enforcement

waste management

cave system zoning

regular monitoring of the cave ecosystem

identification of prohibited acts inside the cave

Outcome 3: Green Tourism Centered on Cave Exploration

Green tourism, also known as ecotourism or sustainable tourism is a development activity that

fosters sustainable social and economic development that is environmentally and culturally

sensitive. It supports the creation of jobs, innovative local enterprises, small businesses, and

cottage industries. For an ecotourism program to be sustainable, it has to have six key

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elements: nature products, strategy, mechanisms, leadership, inputs, and

participation/partnership (Bagadion and Juan 2013)23. All these elements have to be factored in

and a MOA among concerned authorities and stakeholders has to be put in place prior to the full

blown development of the cave as an ecotourism destination area.

The third outcome is about applying good practices and employing the best standards of green

tourism through the satisfaction of the six key ecotourism elements. The achievement of this

outcome depends on the content of tourism programs, competence of staff and logistic support

for the visitors, and development of supplementary livelihood activity and sources of income for

the local population.

Previous visitors to Sabang-Samalague Cave are mostly tourists who also visited the

destination in El Nido. The cave tourism must at first build around this niche clientele but

eventually has to expand for the ecotourism program to be economically viable. It has to avoid

elite capture (Bagadion and Juan 2013) and, notwithstanding the remoteness of the area,

instead cater to the general populace. One way to do this is to develop a ―Cave Caravan‖ tour

package that is affordable for middle income earning individuals coming from other

municipalities like El Nido, Roxas and San Vicente. Other caves of Taytay and El Nido can also

be developed and clustered as a tourism circuit. This can be done through a reservation system

where a ―manageable‖ number of visitors are ferried from Palawan Mainland. The visit can be

advertised as an educational group visit or a getaway (escape) to a remote area. The promotion

of cave exploration activity can take advantage of the geological uniqueness, peacefulness, and

bountiful coastal/marine resources in the island.

Cave guides must be prepared through training and accreditation on caving and first aid

procedures. Also, provision of cave safety equipment is necessary to ensure the welfare of both

guests and guides. Establishment of information and education materials around the cave will

increase the appreciation of visitors on the importance of the cave and forest ecosystem.

Wharf and other basic tourist requirements such as accommodation, water and food source

must be prepared prior to the arrival of guests. Local community can also offer services and

developed locally-made products to the guests.

Regular monitoring and maintenance of caves and its adjacent forested area is useful to ensure

that the environment is not adversely affected by the influx of guests. Establishment of waiting

shed (made of light materials) in strategic location can also be done which will serve as Tourist

Information Center.

Along with the influx of tourists in the island is the generation of wastes. It is therefore needed to

formulate the Solid Waste Management Plan and designate Material Recovery Facility (MRF).

23 “Transforming Protected Areas Into Effective and Sustainable Ecotourism Destinations: Lessons From the Ground”. Paper presented to BIMP-EAGA Conference 2013. 16-17 December 2013, A & A Plaza Hotel, Puerto Princesa City.

74

Location of the designated MRF from the island‘s source of water and households must be

taken into consideration.

5.3 PLAN COMPONENTS

The following matrix shows major components of the Cave Management Plan under each

desired outcome and alongside the threats and issues they address. The specific actions in

each component are enumerated in the next section.

Table 6.The major outcomes of the Cave Management Plan and the corresponding problems

addressed and components.

Major problem, issue, need, or

priority to be addressed

Plan

component

OUTCOME 1: ESTABLISHED AND STRENGTHENED CAVE GOVERNANCE,

STEWARDSHIP, AND ADVOCACY

Lack of cave environment protection

Land use conversion

Policy Reform and Development

Lack of a cave governing body Human Resources Development

Lack of mechanism for a science-based

decision making on cave management

Research and Development

Lack of a coherent cave advocacy

program

IEC and Advocacy

OUTCOME 2: REDUCED CAVE THREATS AND ENHANCED

CAVE ECOSYSTEM SECURITY

Lack of cave environment protection

Land use conflict

Agriculture development

Kaingin/deforestation

Uncontrolled recreation/tourism

Cave Protection and Management

Waste Management

Human settlements in the cave

periphery

Economic activities in and around cave

periphery

Zoning of Cave and Cave Periphery

OUTCOME 3: ESTABLISHED GREEN TOURISM FOR CAVE

Uncontrolled recreation/tourism

Lack of cave tourism infrastructure

Green Tourism and Cave Visitor

Management

Livelihood Development

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5.4 STRATEGIC OPTIONS FOR PRESCRIPTION

The matrix below contains cave management actions to be undertaken for the identified plan

outcomes and objectives. It is followed by the six-year work plan.

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Table 7: Sabang-Samalague Cave Management Action Plan

OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY

1. To establish and strengthen cave governance, promote stewardship, and implement advocacy actions

A. Policy Reform and Development

A1. To implement Sabang-Samalague Cave Management Plan (SSCMP)

1) SSCMP presented and approved by community, LGU, NM, and PCSD

1) Presentation of the SSCMP before the community, barangay LGU, NM, DOT, PCSD, and other stakeholders

- Presentations and consultations held

LGU, PCSDS, NM, DOT, Other Stakeholders

2) SSCMP adopted by barangay and municipal LGU

1) Adoption of the SSCMP by the LGU

- Barangay and SB resolutions

LGU

2) Integration of SSCMP to the municipal CLUP

- SSCMP integrated with e-CLUP

LGU, PCSDS

3) Implementation of the actions prescribed in the SSCMP

- Actions implemented as stipulated in the workplan

LGU, MCC/ECAN Board

3) Community are informed on SSCMP

1) Information, Education, Communication (IEC) on the SSCMP

- IEC activities conducted

LGU, PCSDS

- No. of individuals covered by IEC activities

LGU

A2. To review existing PCSD policy on caves

1) Amendment to the provision of PCSD Admin Order No. 8

1) Review of the legal provisions and institutional mechanisms contained in PCSD Admin Order No. 8

- AO 8 reviewed PCSD/S, PCMPCC

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2) Approval of amendments to PCSD Admin Order No. 8

- Amended AO 8 approved by PCSD

PCSD

A3. To regulate mass tourism, extractive activities, and research in caves of Taytay and the whole Palawan

1) Issuance of a provincial policy governing extractive activities, and research in the caves of Palawan consistent with provisions of RA 10066 (Section 30), RA 9072, RA 7611, RA 9147 and other laws

1) Dialogue of concerned agencies to come up with a provincial policy on extractive cave activities and researches

- Joint DENR, PCSD, NM and NHCP policy on regulating extractive activities

PCSD/S, PCMPCC, NM, DENR-PAWB, NHCP, LGU

2) Passage of a municipal ordinance adopting and enforcing Section 30 of RA 10066 (National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009) and RA 9147 regulating the collection of cave and cave resources

1) Drafting of a municipal ordinance adopting the provisions of Section 30 of RA 10066 and RA 9147

- Draft municipal ordinance regulating activities in Taytay caves prepared

LGU, NM, PCSD/S

2) SB deliberations and public hearing on proposed ordinance regulating cave activities

- Minutes of SB session and public hearing

LGU

3) Passage of an ordinance on activities in caves of Taytay

- Municipal ordinance on cave and cave resources collection

LGU

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A4. To strengthen the Municipal Cave Committee (MCC) and form a local management body that will administer the implementation of the SSCMP

1) MCC strengthened and local management body formed and organized

1) Strengthening of the MCC and creating a management body for the Taraw Caves in Batas Island, Taytay

- MCC Resolution creating a local management body for the Taraw Caves

LGU, MCC/ECAN Board

2) Conduct regular MCC meeting to discuss the implementation of SSCMP and other issues

- Minutes of MCC meetings

MCC/ECAN Board

B. Human Resources Development

B1. To capacitate members of MCC and ECAN Board on cave governance and ecological concepts

1) MCC members trained/informed on Caves Act and other cave policies, cave ecosystem management, and cave ecology, including but not limited to the following topics: cave wildlife, cave geology, Sabang-Samalague cave archaeology and anthropology, economic value of cave ecosystems, Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), best practices on ecotourism

1) Attend training on cave governance, planning, and management

- No. of MCC members trained

MCC/ECAN Board, PCSDS

B2. To capacitate local residents living near Sabang-Samalague Cave about the importance and benefits of Sabang-

1) Local residents trained in cave protection and stewardship

1) Attend general training on cave protection and stewardship

- Information drive held and local residents trained

MCC, Community, Barangay LGU

79


Samalague Cave conservation and their role as protectors of cave

B3. To recruit and capacitate "Sabang-Samalague Cave stewards and protectors" among local residents who will look after the cave, ensure its security, and perform regular cave inspection and clean up

1) Local residents trained in cave safety, exploration skills, basic first aid training, and basic life support training

1) Training of cave stewards and protectors

- Trained cave stewards and protectors

MCC, Community, Barangay LGU, Cave Stewards and Protectors

2) Local residents deputized as "Sabang-Samalague Cave stewards and protectors"

1) Deputation of cave stewards and protectors

- Trained and deputized cave stewards and protectors

MCC, Community, Barangay LGU, Cave Stewards and Protectors

B4. To attend national and regional cave conferences, seminars, trainings, and workshops

1) Attendance to national/regional cave conventions and capacity building activities

1) Attend cave conventions

- No. of participants to cave conferences

MCC, LGU, PCSDS, Cave Stewards and Protectors

B5. To visit existing cave systems under sustainable management (e.g., Sagada, Davao, PPSRNP, Tabon Cave)

1) Visit to model cave management system within or outside Palawan

1) Lakbay-Aral - No. of visitors to model cave areas

MCC, LGU, PCSDS, Cave Stewards and Protectors

B6. To procure caving equipment for use by cave guides, cave

1) Purchase of caving equipment

1) Canvass and buying of caving equipment

- No. of equipment acquired

MCC, LGU, CPEO, Cave Stewards and Protectors

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stewards and protectors, and CPEOs

B7. To purchase enforcement devices and equipment for CPEOs

1) Purchase of cave enforcement devices and equipment

1) Canvass and buying of cave enforcement devices and equipment

- No. of devices and equipment acquired

MCC, LGU, CPEO

C. Research and Development

C1. To improve basic knowledge on Sabang-Samalague Cave ecosystem, including its socioeconomic setting

1) Interdisciplinary field surveys and research on Sabang-Samalague Cave undertaken by authorities and specialists. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) baseline plant and animal population surveys and biodiversity assessment, (b) assessment of vulnerability of cave and forest over limestone ecosystems to potential climate change impacts, (c) ecotourism carrying capacity studies, (d) detailed threats analysis, and (e) socioeconomic study of Sabang-Samalague Cave and its setting

1) Conduct of cave research in various disciplines

- Outputs of scientific researches undertaken in Sabang-Samalague Cave

Specialists and Researchers from the Academe (Geologists, Geographers, Biologists, Architects, Sociologists, Economists), Research Institutions, NM, NHCP, PCSDS, NGOs, NGAs

2) Presentation of research findings to MCC and local residents

- Presentations held Researchers, MCC, LGU, PCSD/S

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D. IEC and Advocacy

D1. To implement an IEC and Advocacy Plan for Sabang-Samalague Cave protection, protection, and management

1) Sabang-Samalague Cave IEC and Advocacy Plan formulated

1) Data gathering and conduct of workshops to prepare an IEC and Advocacy Plan

- Data gathered and workshops held

MCC, LGU, PCSDS, Community

2) Writing of the IEC and Advocacy Plan

- Sabang-Samalague Cave IEC and Advocacy Plan drafted


2) Photography and video documentation of Sabang-Samalague Cave

1) Documentation of the cave through photography and video

- Photographs and videos taken of Sabang-Samalague Cave

MCC, LGU, PCSDS, NM

3) IEC and advocacy materials for various media (print, radio, television, brochures, flyers, streamers, posters, online/website, social networking sites) designed

1) Preparation of Sabang-Samalague Cave IEC materials

- No. of IEC materials MCC, LGU, PCSDS, Community

4) Dissemination of IEC materials

1) Publication, broadcast, and distribution of Sabang-Samalague Cave IEC materials

- No. of communities/individuals reached by IEC and advocacy activities

DENR, MCC, LGU, PCSDS, Community

5) Initiated a Taytay cave pride campaign which includes the following strategies: photo exhibit, designation of a showroom for valuable artifacts found in the cave, contests for schoolchildren, cave launching activities

1) Undertake Taytay cave pride campaign

- Documentation of cave pride campaign


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6) Cave protection and conservation integrated in elementary grade curriculum

1) Teaching of cave protection and conservation in class

- Cave protection and conservation integrated in the teachers' lesson plans

DepEd, MCC

2. To reduce cave threats and enhance cave ecosystem security

E. Cave Protection and Management

E1. To enter into MOA (between and among PCSD, municipal and barangay LGUs, NM, and land claimants) on cave ecosystem conservation, protection and resource utilization around Sabang-Samalague Cave

1) MOA on cave protection, conservation, and management specifying controls on the regulation on harvesting of planted trees and agricultural expansion around the cave)

1) Conduct of relocation survey and Dialogues/roundtable discussions with all land owners/claimants near Sabang-Samalague Cave and resolution of any land use conflicts

- Land owners/claimants consulted and conflicts resolved

PCSD, NM, LGUs, Community, Land Claimants

2) Preparation of draft MOA specifying responsibilities and expected output of each stakeholder, roundtable discussions on MOA contents, and MOA signing

- MOA signed PCSD, NM, LGUs, Community, Land Claimants

E2. To enhance vegetative cover of the area surrounding the cave (tied to the National Greening Program convergence initiative)

1) Suitable indigenous forest trees planted around the cave

1) Enrichment planting of cave environs

- No. of seedlings planted

DENR, MCC, LGU, Community

2) Monitoring of trees planted

- Survival rate of planted trees


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2) Incentive system established for locals who planted trees within the cave management area

1) Development of a scheme where planters of trees will be given incentives (e.g., a certain amount for a surviving planted tree)

- Incentives given to locals who planted and maintained trees

MCC, LGU

3) Local nursery established for production and maintenance of seedlings

1) Nursery establishment and maintenance

- Established tree nursery manned with staff and provided with necessary equipment


4) Seedlings produced 1) Seedling production

- No. of seedlings produced


E3. To deputize Cave Protection Enforcement Officer (CPEO)

1) CPEOs deputized in Taytay

1) Design of training module for CPEOs

- CPEO training design, materials, and kits

PCSDS

2) Recruitment and training of CPEOs from barangay and municipal LGUs, local NGOs, community organizations, IPs, volunteers, and law enforcement agencies (PNP, AFP, NBI)

- Training held

PCSDS, MCC, LGUs, NGOs, Community, PNP, AFP, NBI

3) Deputation of CPEOs

- CPEOs formally deputized

PCSD, PCSDS, MCC, CPEO

E4. To classify Sabang-Samalague Cave as Class III cave

1) Sabang-Samalague Cave classified as Class III Cave

1) Submission of technical recommendations to PCSD for cave

- PCSD resolution classifying Sabang Samalague Cave as Class III cave

PCSD/S, PCMPCC

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classification

2) Submission of PCSD resolution to DENR MIMAROPA for inclusion of Sabang-Samalague Cave in the national list of assessed and classified caves

- Sabang-Samalague included in the national list of caves

PCSD/S, PCMPCC, DENR MIMAROPA, RCC(?), NCC

3) Information drive about the classification of the cave and its specific chambers/passages

- Information about cave classification and prohibition of entry in certain chambers and mazes shared to stakeholders

LGU, MCC/ECAN Board

E5. To evaluate and monitor the implementation of the SSCMP and assess cave management effectiveness

1) Assessment of outputs and indicators contained in the SSCMP

1) Semestral evaluation and monitoring of SSCMP accomplishments

- Report on SSCMP monitoring and evaluation

MCC, PCSDS, Monitoring and Evaluation Team (to be created), Academe

2) Assessment of cave management effectiveness

1) Annual assessment of cave management effectiveness

- Report on cave management effectiveness

MCC, PCSDS, Monitoring and Evaluation Team (to be created), Academe

F. Waste Management

F1. To clean up the cave and surrounding areas regularly and restore the cave's aesthetics with the help of cave restoration experts

1) Cleaning of plastic wastes, bottles, and wood debris in and around the cave

1) Mobilization and cleanup of cave wastes

- Volume of waste collected/cleaned up

MCC, LGU, Community, DepEd, NGOs

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1) Advice sought from cave restoration experts re: the proper way of cleaning up graffiti and vandals

1) Expert from NM and similar bodies contacted for advice on proper way of cleaning up graffiti and vandals

-Expert advice on the proper methods and equipment for cleaning up of graffiti in Sabang-Samalague Cave based

MCC, LGU, NM

2) Graffiti and vandals cleaned up inside the cave using the methods approved/recommended by the expert

1) Mobilization and cleanup of cave graffiti/vandals

- Cave features cleaned up

MCC, LGU, Community, NM

F2. To characterize the wastes produced in Sabang-Samalague Cave and plan for their management or disposal

1) Cave waste analyzed and characterized

1) Inventory and classification of wastes

- Waste analysis and characterization (WAC) report

MCC, LGU, Community, Cave Stewards and Protectors

G. Zoning of Cave and Cave Periphery

G1. To clearly define the boundaries/limits of Sabang-Samalague Cave management area, taking into consideration the direct and indirect effects of human activities in the cave system

1) Boundary of Sabang-Samalague Cave management area delineated

1) Survey and mapping of the vicinity of Sabang-Samalague Cave and "impact zones" around it

- Draft map of Sabang-Samalague Cave management area

MCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS, PCMPCC, NM

2) Presentation of Sabang-Samalague Cave management boundary to stakeholders

- Presentation of map and finalization of map

MCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS, PCMPCC, NM

3) Printing of cave location maps and posting of the map in the locality

- Map reproduced and displayed in strategic areas

MCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS

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4) Boundary demarcation using suitable natural monuments (bio-fencing) or non-destructive concrete monuments AFTER seeking advice from experts (e.g., NM)

- Monuments planted around the cave

MCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS, NM

G2. To prepare existing land use/land cover (LU-LC) map around the cave

1) LU-LC mapping around Sabang-Samalague Cave

1) Data gathering, field work, ground truthing, map production, social ground truthing

- LU-LC map of Sabang-Samalague Cave

MCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS

G3. To gather demographic data and conduct cultural mapping of the area

1) Census survey and cultural mapping undertaken

1) Gathering of demographic and cultural data of Sabang-Samalague Cave area

- Demographic and cultural information gathered

MCC, LGU, PCSDS

G4. To classify management zones around the cave using available information (LU-LC map) and through participatory cave management zoning

1) Identified zones, which may include: restoration and rehabilitation zone, agroforestry zone, ecotourism zone, strict protection zone, cave buffer zone

1) Participatory cave system zoning

- Sabang-Samalague Cave management zones map


G5. To prescribe allowable and prohibited uses in each cave management zone

1) Identified uses of the cave

1) Participatory zones use prescription

- Well-defined uses for each management zone


G6. To pass a local resolution or ordinance prescribing the zones and uses of Sabang-Samalague

1) Resolution on Sabang-Samalague Cave system management zone map and prescribed uses for each zone adopted

1) SB deliberations, reconnaissance, and preparation of draft cave management zones map and resolution

- Draft cave management zones map (with cave buffer zone) prepared

SB, MCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS, NM

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Cave management area

(specifically delineating cave core and buffer zones where land use conversion from forest to other uses will not be allowed)

2) Public hearing on cave management zones map

- Stakeholder issues on cave management zones map heard, discussed, and addressed


3) Passage of a local ordinance delineating cave management zones and prescribing uses per zone

- Municipal resolution adopting Sabang-Samalague Cave management zones map and allowable/prohibited uses per zone (specifically ordering cessation of land use conversion in cave core and buffer zones)


3. To establish a "green tourism" program for cave

H. Green Tourism and Cave Visitor Management

H1. To enter into a joint MOA on cave ecotourism development among cave and ecotourism authorities and stakeholders

1) Cave ecotourism development study undertaken as basis of MOA (the study investigates potential cave ecotourism nature products, strategy, mechanisms, leadership, inputs, participation and partnership, and institutional arrangements)

1) Conduct a comprehensive study of Sabang-Samalague Cave exploration ecotourism product

- Sabang-Samalague Cave ecotourism study prepared

MCC, PCSD, NM, DENR, LGU, DOT, NHCP, Consultant

2) MOA drafted and signed

1) Develop a MOA governing Sabang-Samalague Cave ecotourism program

- MOA signed and entered into

MCC, PCSD, NM, DENR, LGU, DOT, NHCP

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H2. To formulate a code of conduct for visitors of Sabang-Samalague Cave and publication of the same in conspicuous places

1) Code of conduct drafted (with assistance from DOT)

1) Formulate code of conduct for cave visitors in accordance with existing policies

- Draft code of conduct on cave visitation

NM, MCC, LGU, PCSDS, DOT, Municipal Tourism Office, Provincial Tourism Office

2) Code of conduct discussed among stakeholders

1) Presentation of code of conduct for cave visitors to stakeholders

- Draft code of conduct presented to community and other stakeholders

NM, MCC, LGU, PCSDS, MTO, PTO, DOT

3) Code of conduct finalized and adopted

1) Code of conduct for cave visitors finalized and adopted by LGU

- Finalized code of conduct on cave visitation

MCC, LGU

H3. To study and make an inventory of cave-associated archaeological, anthropological, geological, ecological, historical, and Taytayanons cultural features (including legends and myths) which can be promoted as tourism products

1) Study of Sabang-Samalague cave features (archaeological, cultural, anthropological, ecological, historical) which has strong potential for being marketed as tourism products

1) Research on cave-associated and other cultural site-specific features

- Cave features identified and marketed for green tourism

NM, MCC, LGU, DOT, NHCP, Academe

H4. To study and make an inventory of other potential tourism products in Batas Island which can be tied up to terrestrial cave exploration

1) Study of potential tourism products in Batas Island and surrounding area which may include: island-hopping, snorkeling, resort development, scuba diving, technical diving, dolphin

1) Research on tourism products and their viability

- High potential tourism products around Sabang-Samalague Cave identified

MCC, LGU, DOT, NGOs, Academe

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watching, and game fishing

H5. To develop a cave guide checklist and appropriate itinerary for Sabang-Samalague Cave visitors

1) Cave guide checklist and itinerary for guided tour of the cave (with appropriate field tour routes within and around the cave) developed

1) Formulate (a) checklist of dos and don‘ts for cave guides and (b) tour itinerary for cave visitors

- Cave guide checklist and cave tour itinerary

NM, MCC, LGU, Cave Guides, Tourism Officers, MTO, PTO, DOT

H6. To develop a cave field guide with maps and photographs

1) Cave field guide produced

1) Design and production of cave field guide

Cave field guide with photographs and maps

PCSDS, MCC, LGUs, NGOs, Community

H7. To train cave guides and local tourism officers on cave guiding skills, first aid training, hospitality management, and good practices on cave ecotourism

1) Cave guides and tourism officers trained on various facets of green tourism in caves

1) Training of cave guides and tourism officers

- No. of cave guides and tourism officers trained

MCC, LGU, Cave Guides, Tourism Officers, MTO, PTO, DOT

H8. To establish Sabang-Samalague Cave Information and Education Center or SSCIEC for briefing of visitors/tourists and promotion of Sabang-Samalague Cave tourism products (Note: cave stewards and protectors and cave guides can double as staff of SSCIEC)

1) Sabang-Samalague Cave Information and Education Center (SSCIEC) established, staffed, and provided with educational and promotional materials and equipment

1) Scout for possible location of SSIEC building

- Building location map/survey plan

MCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, MTO, PTO, DOT

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2) Design building of SSIEC

- Building design MCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, MTO, PTO, DOT

3) Recruit staff of SSIEC and establish compensation scheme

- Staffing pattern

MCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, MTO, PTO, DOT, Cave Guides, Cave Stewards and Protectors

4) Design interior of SSIEC and acquire educational and promotional materials

- Interior design of SSIEC

MCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, MTO

6) Training of SSIEC staff on handling visitors

- Trained SSIEC staff SSIEC Staff

H9. To construct/improve tourism facilities in the area (road/trail, visitor wash area, comfort rooms, potable water system) (Note: wash area and comfort rooms can be constructed inside the SSIEC)

1) Construction and improvement of tourism facilities

1) Find suitable location of tourism facilities

- Location map/survey plan of tourism facilities

MCC, LGU, DOT, DPWH, PCSDS

2) Improve existing facilities and build/construct new facilities

- Built tourism facilities MCC, LGU, DOT, DPWH, PCSDS

3) Survey of potential homestays in the cave area and training of homestay operators

- Potential homestays surveyed and their operators training on visitor and hospitality management

MCC, LGU, DOT, Community

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H10. To promote the tourism products of Sabang-Samalague Cave

1) Cave tourism promotional materials designed for various media like print, radio, television, brochures, streamers, posters, online/website, social networking sites

1) Design and drafting of promotional materials for Sabang-Samalague Cave green tourism

- Produced tourism promotional materials

Provincial Tourism Office, DOT, Municipal Tourism Office

2) Cave tourism promotional materials disseminated

1) Print, broadcast, distribute, publish, and post cave tourism promotional materials

- Distributed tourism promotional materials and no. of individuals/communities reached by promotional materials

PTO, MTO, DOT, Tourism establishments in Palawan (including resorts, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and tour operators)

3) Promotional signage built and installed in strategic places within the municipality, in Puerto Princesa City, and near the cave

1) Production and installation of a sturdy signage advertising the features of Sabang-Samalague Cave

- Signage produced and installed in strategic sites

Provincial Tourism Office, DOT, Municipal Tourism Office

H11. To conduct a willingness to pay (WTP) study for potential visitors of Sabang-Samalague Cave which can serve as basis of a visitor/user fee

1) WTP for visiting Sabang-Samalague Cave determined

1) Contingent valuation study of "non-use value" of Sabang-Samalague Cave

- WTP study conducted

Academe, Specialists, Researchers, Research Institutions, NM, PCSDS

H12. To enact an ordinance imposing a reasonable cave visitor/user's fee (using WTP study as basis)

1) Municipal ordinance on cave user's fee enacted

1) SB deliberations and public hearing on proposed user's fee ordinance

- Minutes of SB session and public hearing

LGU, MCC/ECAN Board

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2) Passage of an ordinance on the imposition of Sabang-Samalague Cave user's fee

- Municipal ordinance on Sabang-Samalague Cave user's fee

MCC, LGU, DOT

H13. To establish a transparent system of collection, financial accounting/auditing, and income sharing from the use of Sabang-Samalague Cave (consistent with provisions of RA 7160 and RA 9593)

1) A fair and equitable income sharing and financial accounting system for Sabang-Samalague Cave institutionalized

1) Roundtable discussions and deliberations leading to a signed MOA among LGU (through MCC/ECAN Board), Community, DOT/TIEZA, PCSD, and NM establishing income sharing and collection and auditing system for the proceeds of the use of Sabang-Samalague Cave

- MOA on income sharing signed

LGU, MCC/ECAN Board, Municipal Treasurer's Office, PCSD/S, NM, DOT/TIEZA

I. Livelihood Development

I1. To identify (a) livelihood project options (compatible with cave protection, conservation, and soft impact ecotourism such as tourism services/souvenir making and organic farming) and (b) beneficiaries of livelihood project around Sabang-Samalague Cave

1) Sustainable livelihood program compatible with sustainable cave use implemented

1) Livelihood needs assessment and selection of potential beneficiaries

- Livelihood development plan for Sabang-Samalague Cave

LGU, MCC/ECAN Board, PCSDS, Community, DSWD, NGOs, TESDA, DTI

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I2. To provide financial and material support to livelihood beneficiaries

1) Livelihood development plan funded and implemented on the ground

1) Fund sourcing for livelihood project implementation

- Financial and material support secured for livelihood project

Municipal LGU, Provincial LGU, Funding Agencies and Institutions (e.g., USAID, ADB, World Bank, GIZ), DTI

2) Monitoring and evaluation of livelihood implementation

- Monitoring report on livelihood implementation

MCC

I3. To train livelihood beneficiaries on financial management

1) Beneficiaries trained on financial management

1) Training on financial management for livelihood beneficiaries

- Financial management training for livelihood beneficiaries held

POs, DTI, MCC, Community

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Table 8. Detailed six-year work plan.

OBJECTIVES RESPONSIBI

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A. Policy Reform and Development

A1. To implement Sabang-Samalague Cave Management Plan (SSCMP)

1) Presentation of the SSCMP before the

community, barangay LGU, municipal LGU, MCC, NM, DOT, PCSD, and other

stakeholders LGU,

MCC/ECAN

Board,

PCSDS,

DOT, Other

Stakeholders

2) Adoption of the SSCMP by the LGU

3) Integration of SSCMP to the municipal

CLUP

4) Implementation of the actions prescribed

in the SSCMP

5) Information, Education, Communication

(IEC) on the SSCMP

A2. To review existing PCSD policy on caves***

1) Review of the legal provisions and

institutional mechanisms contained in PCSD

Admin Order No. 8

PCSD/S,

PCMPCB

2) Approval of amendments to PCSD Admin

Order No. 8

A3. To regulate mass tourism, extractive activities, and research in caves of Taytay and the whole Palawan ***

1) Dialogue of concerned agencies to come

up with a provincial policy on extractive

cave activities and researches PCSD/S,

PCMPCC,

NM, DENR-

PAWB,

NHCP, LGU

2) Drafting of a municipal ordinance

adopting the provisions of Section 30 of RA 10066 and RA 9147

3) SB deliberations and public hearing on

proposed ordinance regulating cave activities

4) Passage of an ordinance on activities in

caves of Taytay

A4. To strengthen the Municipal Cave Committee (MCC) and form a local management body that will administer the implementation of the SSCMP***

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1) Strengthening of the MCC and creating a

management body for the Taraw Caves in

Batas Island, Taytay LGU,

MCC/ECAN

Board

2) Conduct regular MCC meeting to discuss

the implementation of SSCMP and other

issues

B. Human Resources Development

B1. To capacitate members of MCC and ECAN Board on cave governance and ecological concepts***

1) Attend training on cave governance,

planning, and management

MCC/ECAN

Board,

PCSDS

B2. To capacitate local residents living near Sabang-Samalague Cave about the importance and benefits of Sabang-Samalague Cave conservation and their role as protectors of cave

1) Attend general training on cave protection

and stewardship

MCC,

Community,

Barangay

LGU

B3. To recruit and capacitate "cave stewards and protectors" among local residents who will look after the cave, ensure its security, and perform regular cave inspection and cleanup

1) Training of cave stewards and protectors MCC,

Community,

Barangay

LGU, Cave

Stewards and

Protectors

2) Deputation of cave stewards and

protectors

B4. To attend national and regional cave conferences, seminars, trainings, and workshops***

1) Attend cave conventions MCC, LGU,

PCSDS, Cave

Stewards and

Protectors

B5. To visit existing cave systems under sustainable management***

1) Lakbay-Aral MCC, LGU,

PCSDS, Cave

Stewards and

Protectors

B6. To procure caving equipment for use by cave guides, cave stewards and protectors, and CPEOs

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1) Canvass and buying of caving equipment MCC, LGU,

CPEO, Cave

Stewards and

Protectors

B7. To purchase enforcement devices and equipments for CPEOs

1) Canvass and buying of cave enforcement

devices and equipments

MCC, LGU,

CPEO

C. Research and Development

C1. To improve basic knowledge on Sabang-Samalague Cave ecosystem including its socioeconomic setting

1) Conduct of cave research in various

disciplines

Specialists

and

Researchers

from the

Academe,

Research

Institutions,

NM, NHCP,

PCSD/S,

NGOs,

NGAs, MCC,

LGU

2) Presentation of research findings to MCC and local residents

D. IEC and Advocacy

D1. To implement an IEC and Advocacy Plan for Sabang-Samalague Cave protection, protection, and management

1) Data gathering and conduct of workshops

to prepare an IEC and Advocacy Plan MCC, LGU,

PCSDS,

Community

2) Writing of the IEC and Advocacy Plan

3) Documentation of the cave through

photography and video

MCC, LGU,

PCSDS

4) Preparation of Sabang-Samalague Cave

IEC materials MCC, LGU,

PCSDS,

Community,

DENR

5) Publication, broadcast, and distribution of

Sabang-Samalague Cave IEC materials

6) Undertake Taytay cave pride

campaign***

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7) Teaching of cave protection and

conservation in class*** DepEd, MCC

E. Cave Protection and Management

E1. To enter into MOA on cave ecosystem conservation, protection, and resource use of Sabang-Samalague Cave

1) Conduct of relocation survey and

Dialogues/roundtable discussions with all

land owner/claimant of Sabang-Samalague

Cave and resolution of any land use conflicts

PCSD,

LGUs,

Community,

Land

Claimant

2) Preparation of draft MOA specifying

responsibilities and expected output of each

stakeholder, roundtable discussions on MOA

contents, and MOA signing

E2. To enhance vegetative cover of the area surrounding the cave

1) Enrichment planting of cave environs

DENR,

MCC, LGU,

Community

2) Monitoring of trees planted

3) Development of a scheme where planters

of trees will be given incentives

4) Nursery establishment and

maintenance***

5) Seedling production***

E3. To deputize Cave Protection Enforcement Officer (CPEO)***

1) Design of training module for CPEOs PCSDS

2) Recruitment and training of CPEOs from

barangay and municipal LGUs, local NGOs,

community organizations, IPs, volunteers,

and law enforcement agencies (PNP, AFP,

NBI)

PCSDS,

MCC, LGUs,

NGOs,

Community,

PNP, AFP,

NBI

3) Deputation of CPEOs

PCSD,

PCSDS,

MCC, CPEO

E4. To classify Sabang-Samalague Cave as Class III cave

1) Submission of technical recommendations PCSD/S,

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to PCSD for cave classification PCMPCC

2) Submission of PCSD resolution to DENR

MIMAROPA for inclusion of Sabang-

Samalague Cave in the national list of

assessed and classified caves

PCSD/S,

PCMPCC,

DENR

MIMAROPA

, RCC(?),

NCC

3) Information drive about the classification

of the cave and its specific

chambers/passages

LGU,

MCC/ECAN

Board

E5. To evaluate and monitor the implementation of the SSCMP and assess cave management effectiveness

1) Semestral evaluation and monitoring of

SSCMP accomplishments

MCC,

PCSDS,

Monitoring

and

Evaluation

Team (to be

created),

Academe

2) Annual assessment of cave management

effectiveness

F. Waste Management

F1. To clean up the cave and surrounding areas regularly and restore the cave's aesthetics

1) Mobilization and cleanup of cave wastes, graffiti, and vandals

MCC, LGU,

Community, DepEd,

NGOs

G. Zoning of Cave and Cave Periphery

G1. To clearly define the boundaries/limits of Sabang-Samalague Cave management area

1) Survey and mapping of the vicinity of

Sabang-Samalague Cave and "impact zones"

around it MCC, LGU,

Community,

PCSDS,

PCMPCC

2) Presentation of Sabang-Samalague Cave

management boundary to stakeholders

3) Printing of cave location maps and posting

of the map in the locality

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4) Boundary demarcation using suitable

natural monuments or non-destructive

concrete monuments AFTER seeking advice

from experts

G2. To prepare existing land use/land cover (LU-LC) map around the cave

1) Data gathering, field work, ground

truthing, map production, social ground

truthing

MCC, LGU,

Community,

PCSDS

G3. To gather demographic and cultural data of the area

1) Gathering of demographic and cultural

data of Sabang-Samalague Cave area

MCC, LGU,

PCSDS

G4. To classify management zones around the cave using available information (LU-LC map) and through participatory cave management zoning

1) Participatory cave system zoning

MCC, LGU,

Community, PCSDS

G5. To prescribe allowable and prohibited uses in each cave management zone

1) Participatory zones use prescription

MCC, LGU,

Community,

PCSDS

G6. To pass a local resolution prescribing the zones and uses of Sabang-Samalague Cave management area

1) SB deliberations, reconnaissance, and

preparation of draft cave management zones

map and resolution SB, MCC,

LGU,

Community,

PCSDS

2) Public hearing on cave management zones

map

3) Passage of a local ordinance delineating

cave management zones and prescribing uses

per zone

H. Green Tourism and Cave Visitor Management

H1. To enter into a joint MOA on cave ecotourism development among cave and ecotourism authorities and stakeholders

1) Conduct a comprehensive study of

Sabang-Samalague Cave exploration

ecotourism product

MCC, PCSD,

NM, DENR,

LGU, DOT,

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2) Develop a MOA governing Sabang-

Samalague Cave ecotourism program

NHCP,

Consultant

H2. To formulate a code of conduct for visitors of Sabang-Samalague Cave and publication of the same in conspicuous places

1) Formulate code of conduct for cave

visitors in accordance with existing policies (with assistance from DOT)

NM, MCC,

LGU, PCSDS,

DOT,

Municipal

Tourism

Office

(MTO),

Provincial

Tourism

Office (PTO)

2) Presentation of code of conduct for cave

visitors to stakeholders

3) Code of conduct for cave visitors finalized

and adopted by LGU

H3. To study and make an inventory of cave-associated archaeological, anthropological, geological, ecological, historical, and Taytayanon cultural features which can be promoted

as tourism products

1) Research on cave-associated and other

cultural site-specific features

NM, MCC,

LGU, DOT,

NHCP,

Academe

H4. To study and make an inventory of other potential tourism products in Batas Island which can be tied up to terrestrial cave exploration***

1) Research on tourism products and their

viability

MCC, LGU,

DOT, NGOs,

Academe

H5. To develop a cave guide checklist and appropriate itinerary for Sabang-Samalague Cave visitors

1) Formulate (a) checklist of dos and don’ts

for cave guides and (b) tour itinerary for cave

visitors

NM, MCC,

LGU, Cave

Guides,

Tourism

Officers,

MTO, PTO,

DOT

H6. To develop a cave field guide with maps and photographs

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1) Design and production of cave field guide

PCSDS,

MCC, LGUs,

NGOs,

Community

H7. To train cave guides and local tourism officers on cave guiding skills, first aid training, hospitality management, and good practices on cave ecotourism

1) Training of cave guides and tourism officers

MCC, LGU,

Cave Guides,

Tourism Officers,

MTO, PTO,

DOT

H8. To establish Sabang-Samalague Cave Information and Education Center or SSIEC for briefing of visitors/tourists and promotion of Sabang-Samalague Cave tourism

products***

1) Scout for possible location of SSIEC

building

MCC, LGU,

Tourism

Officers,

MTO, PTO,

DOT

2) Design building of SSIEC

3) Recruit staff of SSIEC and establish

compensation scheme

MCC, LGU,

Tourism

Officers,

MTO, PTO,

DOT, Cave

Guides, Cave

Stewards and

Protectors

4) Design interior of SSIEC and acquire

educational and promotional materials

MCC, LGU,

Tourism

Officers,

MTO

5) Training of SSIEC staff on handling

visitors SSIEC Staff

H9. To construct/improve tourism facilities in the area (road/trail, visitor wash area, comfort rooms, potable water system)

1) Find suitable location of tourism facilities MCC, LGU,

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2) Improve existing facilities and

build/construct new facilities (road/trail,

visitor wash area, comfort rooms, potable

water system)

DOT,

DPWH,

PCSDS

3) Survey of potential homestays in the cave

area and training of homestay operators

MCC, LGU,

DOT,

Community

H10. To promote the tourism products of Sabang-Samalague Cave (Note: The promotional materials can be merged with the ones for Tinagusan Bat Cave)

1) Design and drafting of promotional materials for Sabang-Samalague Cave green

tourism

Provincial

Tourism Office, DOT,

Municipal

Tourism

Office

2) Print, broadcast, distribute, publish, and

post cave tourism promotional materials

PTO, MTO,

DOT,

Tourism

establishment

s in Palawan

(including

resorts,

hotels,

restaurants,

travel

agencies, and

tour

operators)

3) Building and Installation of a sturdy

signage advertising the features of Sabang-

Samalague Cave

H11. To conduct a willingness to pay (WTP) study for potential visitors of Sabang-Samalague Cave which can serve as basis of a visitor/user fee

1) Contingent valuation study of "non-

use/existence value" of Sabang-Samalague

Cave

Academe,

Specialists,

Researchers,

Research

Institutions,

NM, PCSDS

H12. To enact an ordinance imposing a reasonable cave visitor/user's fee

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1) SB deliberations and public hearing on

proposed user's fee ordinance LGU,

MCC/ECAN

Board, DOT

2) Passage of an ordinance on the imposition

of Sabang-Samalague Cave user's fee

H13. To establish a transparent system of collection, financial accounting/auditing, and income sharing from the use of Sabang-Samalague Cave (consistent with provisions of RA

7160 and RA 9593)

1) Roundtable discussions and deliberations

leading to a signed MOA among LGU

(through MCC/ECAN Board), Community,

DOT/TIEZA, PCSD, and NM establishing

income sharing and collection and auditing

system for the proceeds of the use of Sabang-

Samalague Cave

LGU,

MCC/ECAN

Board,

Municipal

Treasurer's

Office,

PCSD/S,

NM,

DOT/TIEZA

I. Livelihood Development

I1. To identify (a) livelihood project options (compatible with cave protection, conservation, and soft impact ecotourism such as tourism services/souvenir making and organic

farming) and (b) beneficiaries of livelihood project around Sabang-Samalague Cave

1) Livelihood needs assessment and selection

of potential beneficiaries

LGU,

MCC/ECAN

Board,

PCSDS,

Community,

DSWD,

NGOs,

TESDA, DTI

I2. To provide financial and material support to livelihood beneficiaries

1) Fund sourcing for livelihood project

implementation

Municipal

LGU,

Provincial

LGU,

Funding

Agencies and

Institutions

(e.g., USAID,

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ADB, World

Bank, GIZ),

DTI

2) Monitoring and evaluation of livelihood

implementation MCC

I3. To train livelihood beneficiaries on financial management

1) Training on financial management for

livelihood beneficiaries***

POs, DTI,

MCC,

Community

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6 ADMINISTRATION OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

The suggested organization structure of Sabang-Samalague Cave (Figure 26) is

composed of members from municipal, provincial, and national government

agencies as well as other stakeholders and community leaders. The main actor will

be the Taytay Municipal Cave Committee (TMCC) which is supported by four

committees, namely: the (1) Scientific, (2) Development, (3) Promotion, and (4)

Protection and Conservation Committees. The PCMPCB and the PCSD will act as

oversight bodies over the TMCC. The Municipality of Taytay is attached to the

TMCC as co-implementer of cave management program.

Figure 26. Organization chart of Sabang-Samalague Cave management structure

(after Mohd Shafeea Leman et al. 2007)24

.

The TMCC will be the lead management and coordinative body providing direction

and logistic support to cave management. It will be under the management of

PCMPCB and overseen by the PCSD. The PCSD, through the PCSD Staff, will

monitor and provide necessary advice on overall sustainable development of the

cave.

The TMCC will develop and maintain the cave‘s infrastructures, facilities, and

activities. Its composition will include professionals from various fields including,

24 Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kamarulzaman Abdul Ghani, Ibrahim Komoo, and Norhayati Ahmad (eds.). 2007. Langkawi Geopark. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) and Langkawi Development Authority (LADA).

Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

Palawan Caves Management, Protection and Conservation Board

Taytay Municipal Cave Committee

Municipal Government of Taytay

Scientific Committee Development

Committee Promotion Committee

Protection and Conservation Committee

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administrative, and enforcement officers. It will be led by the municipal mayor of

Taytay or his representative.

Several institutions will play key roles as members of TMCC. They include the

National Museum, the Department of Tourism, the National Historical Commission

of the Philippines, and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

The Scientific Committee is responsible for the conduct of researches. The NM wi ll

lead any archaeological and anthropological researches about the cave. The DOT,

on the other hand, will lead the tourism development of the cave under the

Development Committee and Promotion Committee. The NHCP will lead the

research into the historical background of the cave. The DENR will be a member of

the Conservation and Protection Committee. NGOs and members of the private

sector will also play key roles in cave management as part of the TMCC.

The four committees may be expanded to include individuals and advocates in the

field of environmental resource management, socioeconomics, community

development, history, education, and culture. The following are the roles of the four

committees:

The Scientific Committee is responsible for providing technical advice and

suggestions on scientific aspects in cave development and conservation. It may include members from the NM, PCSD, academe (e.g., representatives

from Department of Education, Palawan State University, Western Philippines University, and Holy Trinity University), and other research institutions.

The Development Committee is responsible for planning the development

of the cave. Its members may include representatives from the PCSD, municipal and barangay LGUs, DOT, Municipal Engineering Office, Municipal Planning and Development Office, Municipal Tourism Office,

Provincial Tourism Office, and community leaders.

The Protection and Conservation Committee is responsible for

recommending areas for conservation within and outside the cave and for planning, prescribing, and enforcing measures to conserve and protect the

cave. Its members may include representatives from the DENR, Municipal Environment and Natural Resource Office, PCSD, law enforcement agencies, and other local environmental organizations.

The Promotion Committee is responsible for promoting the cave as a

tourism product at the local, national, and international levels. It is headed by the DOT and may have members coming from local tourism offices, Municipal Information Office, Philippine Information Agency, hotel

associations, tour guides, and tour operators.

In addition to these committees, other key actors will constitute the support

personnel of the cave and will be supervised by the TMCC.

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The cave guides will assist visitors to the cave and provide educational and

technical information about the cave.

The cave stewards and protectors (CSP) will be community members who

will periodically clean up the cave, guard it, and be part of the IEC activities.

The CPEOs will be deputized law enforcement personnel in charge of

apprehending violators of environmental laws within and outside the cave

and in keeping the peace and security of the cave.

The staff of the proposed Cave Information and Education Center will

maintain the cave showroom and perform services to advance the promotion of cave education and extension.

6.2 BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS

The six-year budget for the management of Sabang-Samalague Cave is shown in

Annex I. Note that the budget for actions that overlap with those identified in the

separate management plan for Tinagusan Bat Cave are not included in the budget

for Sabang-Samalague Cave to avoid double counting.

6.3 FUND SOURCING

There are several sources of funds that may be tapped for the implementation of

the Cave Management Plan.

Under AO No. 8, the PCSD may establish a Special Trust Fund for the

management of caves and cave resources under the Caves Act.

The cave visitor user‘s fee that may be imposed based on studies on

Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and contingent valuation study of the cave‘s existence value (aesthetic, cultural, archaeological, and

historical value)25.

Regular budget of government agencies under the General Appropriations

Act

Contributions from civil society and the private sector

Income and fees from tourism establishments, homestays, and resorts that

may be built around the cave.

Income from souvenir items such as postcards, cave-inspired artworks,

Grant support from various organizations for projects focused on

sustainable resource development.

Bilateral and multi-lateral donor institutions such as JICA, the World Bank,

ADB, AusAID, USAID, UNDP, UNEP, EU, GEF, and GIZ, which can be

tapped for environment and sustainable development programs and projects.

Foreign embassies and international foundations and NGOs.

Local foundations and NGOs.

25 See for example Gonzales, M.R.A.A., and A. Miraflores, 2013. “The Existence Value of Tabon Caves Complex”. Paper presented to BIMP-EAGA Conference 2013. 16-17 December 2013, A & A Plaza Hotel, Puerto Princesa City.

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The TMCC needs to devise and develop financial mechanisms to sustain the

management of the cave. This may employ cooperative models, counterpart

funding or fund matching, and the creation of a project development unit which will

aggressively develop project proposals and undertake fund sourcing from external

sources.

6.4 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

A first party monitoring and evaluation of Sabang-Samalague Cave Management

Plan (SSCMP) accomplishments will be undertaken. The TMCC will form a multi-

party Monitoring and Evaluation Team which will evaluate the output indicators

contained in the SSCMP and recommend measures and strategies for a more

efficient management and administration of the cave. First party monitoring will be

done midyear and at the end of the year.

Second and third party monitoring of SSCMP implementation are encouraged. The

institutions who are themselves part of the cave management regime are

encouraged to do their own auditing of the SSCMP. Third party institutions, like

those from the Academe and research institutions within or outside Palawan, are

welcome to conduct their own monitoring and evaluation provided that they secure

necessary clearance from concerned authorities. Evaluation at these three levels

will promote transparency in cave governance, fiscal prudence, and accountability

on spending decisions.

Documents

Sabang Samalague Cave Management Plan - PCSDS - PCSD Plans and Policies for 2014/12 - Sabang-Samalague... · The PCSDS Cave Assessment team conducted cave profiling activities to