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Case Name:

R. v. Brisson

Between

Regina, and

Mitchell Ryan Brisson

[2009] B.C.J. No. 2322

2009 BCSC 1606

Docket: 53288-3

Regist!: C"i##i$ack

Bitis" Co#%&'ia S%(e&e Co%tC"i##i$ack) Bitis" Co#%&'ia

B.M. Joyce J.

*ea+: Se(te&'e 15) 2,) cto'e 1 a+ 15) 2009.

a# /%+g&et: cto'e 15) 2009.

101 (aas.

Criminal law -- Sentencing-- Criminal Code offences -- Offences against person and reputation --

Homicide -- Manslaughter-- Assaults -- Assault -- Sentencingconsiderations -- Aggravating

factors --Mitigatingfactors -- Deterrence -- General deterrence -- Retribution -- Denunciation --No criminal record --Remorse-- Seriousness of offence -- Sentencingof accused convicted ofmanslaughterand assault -- Accused sentenced to !" #$% mont&s imprisonment -- Accused &ad

consumed powdered and crac' cocaine wit& strangers w&en &e discovered mone( missing --Accused as'ed two victims for mone( and drugs -- )ictims refused and accused pus&ed one causing

&er to fall and &it &ead -- Ot&er victim wielded baseball bat so accused stabbed &im to deat& --Accused &ad no criminal record and was remorseful but &ad to pa( debt to societ( for fren*( ofviolence -- +mprisonment necessar( to meet principles of general deterrence retribution and

denunciation,

Sentencingo t"e acc%se+) $"o $as coicte+ o assa%#t a+ manslaughter.4"e /%! "a+ o%+t"e acc%se+ #ackig t"e itet e%ie+ o a seco+ +egee &%+e coictio) '%t a#so e/ecte+ "isself defencec#ai&. t"e ig"t i %estio) t"e a((#icat (icke+ %( a "itc""ike a+ $et 'ack to

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t"e tai#e (ak&ote# $"ee s"e #ie+) s(e+ig t"e est o t"e ig"t cos%&ig (o$+e a+ cackcocaie $it" t"e "itc""ike a+ ot"es $"o #ie+ at t"e &ote#. 4"e acc%se+ +oe t"ee $o&e+o$to$) (a!ig o se7%a# ao%s o& oe) t"e et%e+ to "is t%ck to i+ "is &oe! "a+'ee take. 4"e acc%se+ et%e+ to t"e &ote# to t! to get "is &oe! 'ack. 4"e acc%se+ etee+ t"e

&ote# oo& o t"e t$o icti&s a+ aske+ o &oe! a+ +%gs. 4"e icti&s e%se+. 4"e acc%se+(%s"e+ oe o t"e icti&s) ca%sig "e to a## a+ stike "e "ea+. 4"at icti& #ost coscio%sess'ie#!) t"o%g" "e i/%ies $ee &io. 4"e ot"e icti& t"e (icke+ %( a 'ase'a## 'at a+a((oac"e+ t"e acc%se+ $it" it. 4"e acc%se+ (icke+ %( a ea'! kie a+ sta''e+ t"e icti& 13ti&es) ca%sig "i& to '#ee+ to +eat". 4"e acc%se+ (#e+ self-defence,'%t t"e /%! o%+ "e "a+ %se+e7cessie oce. 4"e Co$ so%g"t a setece o si7 to see !eas i&(iso&et. 4"e defenceag%e+ t"at t"e icti&s +eat" $as ea#! self defenceo a acci+et) so a co+itioa# setece $asa((o(iate.

*D: ;cc%se+ setece+ to 58 12 &ot"s i&(iso&et. 4"e acc%se+ $as o#! 19 !eas o#+ att"e ti&e o t"e oece) $as e&(#o!e+ a+ "a+ a e! s%((otie a&i#!. 4"e acc%se+ $as t%#!e&ose%# a+ t"e oece $as o%t o c"aacte o "i&. *o$ee) t"e act t"at "e "a+ co&&itte+

t"e oece $"i#e o i##ega# +%gs) t"e %(ooke+ assa%#t o t"e e&a#e icti& a+ t"e io#ece ot"e sta''ig o t"e +ecease+ icti& $ee aggaatig actos. 4"e acc%se+ $as ot a t"eat tosociet! a+ t"e ici+et "a+ so&e e#e&ets o self defence,'%t t"is $as ot a ea-acci+et o ea-case o self defence.4"e acc%se+ "a+ to (a! "is +e't to societ! o ki##ig aot"e "%&a 'eig.4"e acc%se+ "a+ oeeacte+ to t"e t"eat o t"e 'ase'a## 'at t"at es%#te+ o& "i& attackig t"ee&a#e) a+ "a+ sta''e+ t"e +ecease+ i a e

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assa%#t %(o Boie Sc"aee. o$ "ae to i&(ose seteces o t"ese oeces.

& A. @aga +ie+ as a es%#t o &%#ti(#e sta' $o%+s i#icte+ '! A. Bisso i t"e ea#!&oig o ;(i# 16) 200>) +%ig a eco%te i A. @agas &ote# %it. As. Sc"aee $as i t"esa&e &ote# %it at t"e ti&e o t"e "o&ici+e. &&e+iate#! 'eoe t"e a#tecatio $it" A. @aga) A.

Bisso assa%#te+ As. Sc"aee.

' Sentencingi manslaughtercases ca 'e +iic%#t 'eca%se t"e age o setece o t"isoece is e! $i+e. @"at is a a((o(iate setece i a! (atic%#a case $i## +e(e+ %(o t"ecic%&staces o t"e oece a+ t"e 'ackgo%+ o t"e oe+e. R, v, Green) 2001 BCC; 6>2[Green]) it $as sai+ t"at &ost cases a## $it"i t"e (eio+ o o% to 15 !eas) a+ t"at a setece'e#o$ o a'oe t"at age is i&(ose+ o#! i a case io#ig s(ecia# cic%&staces.

CRC$MS"(!C)S O* "+) O**)!C)S

4"e task o sentencingis &a+e &oe +iic%#t i t"is case i t"at a /%! is ot e%ie+ to gieeasos o its +ecisios o set o%t t"e acts t"at it o%+ i aiig at t"ose +ecisios. t is t"eeoeecessa! o &e to +ete&ie t"e acts t"at ae e#eat to sentencing.

@it" ega+ to t"e (ocess o i+ig acts i a case o##o$ig a /%! tia#) +isti# t"e o##o$ig(ici(#es o&R, v, erguson) [2008] 1 S.C.R. 96:

1. 4"e sentencing/%+ge &%st +ete&ie t"e acts ecessa! o sentencingo& t"e iss%es 'eoe t"e /%! a+ o& t"e /%!s e+ict.

1. 4"e sentencing/%+ge is 'o%+ '! t"e e7(ess a+ i&(#ie+ act%a#i&(#icatios o t"e /%!s e+ict) a+ &%st acce(t as (oe a## actse7(ess o i&(#ie+ t"at ae essetia# to t"e /%!s e+ict.

1. 4"e sentencing/%+ge &%st ot acce(t as act a! ei+ece cosistet o#!$it" a e+ict e/ecte+ '! t"e /%!.

1. @"e t"e act%a# i&(#icatios o t"e /%!s e+ict ae a&'ig%o%s) t"esentencing/%+ge s"o%#+ ot atte&(t to o##o$ t"e #ogica# (ocesses o t"e/%!) '%t s"o%#+ co&e to "is o "e o$ i+e(e+et +ete&iatio o t"ee#eat acts.

1. ;ggaatig acts &%st 'e esta'#is"e+ 'e!o+ a easoa'#e +o%'t. t"eacts &%st 'e esta'#is"e+ o a 'a#ace o (o'a'i#ities.

1. 4"e sentencing/%+ge s"o%#+ t"eeoe i+ o#! t"ose acts ecessa! to(e&it t"e (o(e setece to 'e i&(ose+ i t"e case at "a+. 4"e /%+ges"o%#+ ist ask $"at t"e iss%es o sentencingae) a+ t"e i+ s%c" actsas ae ecessa! to +ea# $it" t"ose iss%es.

t"is case) t"e defencee#ie+ o $as self-defence.4"e ei+ece t"at e&ege+ +%ig t"e tia#

e%ie+ &e to ist%ct t"e /%! o t"e iss%es o self-defence%+e s. 3,2 o t"e Criminal CodeR.S.C. 1985) c. C-,6) ito7icatio) a+ t"e itetio e%ie+ o &%+e.

/ i+ig A. Bisso ot g%i#t! o seco+ +egee &%+e) it is o'io%s t"at t"e /%! $as otsatisie+ t"at t"e Co$ "a+ (oe t"e s(eciic itet o &%+e: eit"e t"at "e ite+e+ to ki## A.@aga) o t"at "e ite+e+ to ca%se "i& 'o+i#! "a& $"ic" "e ke$ $as #ike#! to ca%se +eat" a+$as eck#ess $"et"e +eat" es%e+ o ot.

0 i+ig A. Bisso g%i#t! o t"e ic#%+e+ oece o manslaughter,it is a((aet t"at t"e

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/%! $as satisie+ 'e!o+ a easoa'#e +o%'t t"at oe o &oe o t"e e#e&ets o self-defence%+es. 3,2 $as ot (eset) '%t it is ot (ossi'#e to te## o& t"e e+ict a#oe $"ic" e#e&et oe#e&ets o self-defencet"e /%! t"o%g"t $as #ackig.

1 Sice t"e e+ict itse# #eaes a&'ig%it! $it" ega+ to $"ic" e#e&et o e#e&ets o self-

defence$as o $ee ot (eset) a+ t"e cic%&staces s%o%+ig t"e oece ae e#eat iassessig A. Bissos &oa# c%#(a'i#it!) it is &! ie$ t"at it is ecessa! o &e to &ake t"osei+igs o act.

%2 i+ t"e cic%&staces) isoa as t"e! ae e#eat to sentencing,to 'e as o##o$s.

%% t"e eeig o ;(i# 15) 200>) A. Bisso $et o%t $it" a ie+ to ce#e'ate t"e ie+s'it"+a!. 4"e! "a+ a e$ +iks at a #oca# esta%at) t"e 'o%g"t a 'ott#e o %& a+ et%e+ to t"eie+s "o%se $"ee t"e! cos%&e+ so&e &oe a#co"o#. S"ot#! 'eoe &i+ig"t) A. Bisso+eci+e+ to ca## it a ig"t a+ go "o&e. @"i#e "e "a+ cos%&e+ a#co"o#) "e $as ot +%k.

%& t"e $a! to "is "o&e) A. Bisso eco%tee+ a !o%g $o&a "itc""ike a&e+ Nico#e.A. Bisso coc#%+e+ s"e $as (o'a'#! a (ostit%te a+ +eci+e+ to (ick "e %(. ;t t"at ti&e i "is#ie) A. Bisso $as s%eig o& seee ace) "a+ ecet#! 'oke %( $it" "is gi#ie+) a+t"o%g"t t"at a eco%te $it" a (ostit%te &ig"t &ake "i& ee# 'ette. Nico#e aske+ A. Bisso totake "e to 4i& *otos a+ "e co&(#ie+. ;t 4i& *otos) A. Bisso aske+ Nico#e i s"e "a+ a/oit a+ s"e gae "i& a (% o& a (i(e. A. Bisso ea#i

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$"i#e) a+ t"e +eci+e+ to et% to see i "e co%#+ (es%a+e so&eoe to gie "i& so&e &oe! sot"at "e $o%#+ ot 'e o%t a## t"at "a+ 'ee take.

&2 A. Bisso et%e+ to Fit 5) $"ee "e "a+ s(et &ost o "is ti&e t"at &oig) '%t o oeas$ee+ t"e +oo. A. Bisso t"e $et to Fit 3) $"ic" $as t"e %it t"at $as 'eig occ%(ie+ '!

Ei& Sc"aee) "e +a%g"te Boie) a+ Ei& Sc"aees (ate) De$ @aga.

&% A. Bisso kocke+ o t"e +oo to Fit 3 a+ Boie Sc"aee #et "i& i. Ei& Sc"aee$as ot i t"e &ote# %it '%t De$ @aga $as i t"e 'e+oo& #!ig o a &attess o t"e #oo.

&& A. Bisso a+ Boie Sc"aee "a+ a +isc%ssio a'o%t &oe! a+ A. Bisso aske+Boie Sc"aee o G50.00. *e a#so aske+ "e o so&e +%gs. S"e +ec#ie+ 'ot" e%ests.

&' A. Bisso t"e sa$ A. @aga i t"e 'e+oo&. *e "a+ ot eco%tee+ A. @aga(eio%s#! t"at ig"t. A. Bisso aske+ A. @aga i "e "a+ a! &oe! a+ A. @aga s"ook "is"ea+) No. Boie Sc"aee to#+ A. Bisso to %it '%ggig A. @aga a+ to sit +o$.

& Boie Sc"aee testiie+ t"at s"e a+ A. Bisso $ee sittig o t"e co%c" a+ s"e t"e got

%( to c"age a CD i t"e CD (#a!e t"at $as o t"e kitc"e co%te. 4"at is t"e #ast t"ig s"ee&e&'ee+ 'eoe s"e $oke %( o t"e #oo a+ A. @aga $as $a#kig oe to( o "e to$a+st"e o%tsi+e +oo o t"e &ote# %it.

& As. Sc"aee s%staie+ a s%(eicia# c%t o t"e to( o "e "ea+ $"ic" '#e+ a e$ +o(s otot"e #oo. t is %ko$ (ecise#! "o$ s"e $as c%t.

& t is a((aet o& t"e /%!s e+ict t"at t"e! coc#%+e+ t"at A. Bisso assa%#te+ BoieSc"aee) '%t t"at +ecisio +oes ot) o itse#) (oi+e t"e easo o t"e assa%#t o t"e &ec"aics oit.

&/ coc#%+e t"at) o $"atee easo) A. Bisso (%s"e+ Boie Sc"aee a+ ca%se+ "e toa##. @"e A. Bisso $as iteie$e+ '! t"e (o#ice) "e a+&itte+ (%s"ig Boie Sc"aee)

a#t"o%g" at tia# "e sai+ "e co%#+ ot eca## "aig eit"e st%ck o (%s"e+ "e. a& satisie+ t"at t"estate&et "e gae to t"e (o#ice +%ig t"e iteie$ $as t%e. t"e co%se o a##ig) BoieSc"aee &%st "ae st%ck "e "ea+ o so&e o'/ect ca%sig t"e s&a## c%t to t"e to( o "e "ea+.S"e $as eit"e e+ee+ %coscio%s o a 'ie ti&e o t"e ta%&a ca%se+ "e to s%e a&esia.

&0 A. @aga $as i t"e 'e+oo& at t"e ti&e Boie Sc"aee $as assa%#te+. 4"e kitc"e#iigaea o t"e &ote# %it a+ t"e 'e+oo& $as se(aate+ '! a $a## i $"ic" t"ee $as a (assage$a!.4"e $a## (atia##! '#ocke+ t"e #ie o sig"t o& t"e 'e+oo& to t"e (#ace $"ee Boie Sc"aees'#oo+ $as o%+.

&1 'e#iee t"at $"i#e A. @aga +i+ ot see $"at "a((ee+ to Boie Sc"aee) "e "ea+ t"eco&&otio) (icke+ %( a a#%&ii%& 'ase'a## 'at t"at "e "a+ i t"e 'e+oo&) a+ ca&e to$a+s A.

Bisso $it" t"e 'at aise+. a& satisie+ t"at o seeig A. @aga a((oac"ig $it" t"e aise+ 'atA. Bisso eae+ o "is saet!. *e sa$ a kie t"at $as sittig o t"e kitc"e co%te ea'! a+ga''e+ it to +ee+ "i&se#.

'2 a& satisie+ t"at A. Bisso a+ A. @aga &et at o ea t"e +oo$a! a+ egage+ i ast%gg#e. A. Bisso (%s"e+ A. @aga 'ack ito t"e 'e+oo& to$a+s t"e &attess $"ee t"eeco%te coti%e+ $it" t"e t$o &e o to( o) o e! ea to) t"e &attess. A. Bisso) $"o $ast"e !o%ge a+ #ike#! t"e itte o t"e t$o) sta''e+ A. @aga e(eate+#! $it"i a e! s"ot (eio+o ti&e. A. Bisso i#icte+ a tota# o 13 sta' $o%+s to A. @agas c"est) 'ack) eck) ace a+

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#et a& as $e## as a %&'e o c%ts to A. @agas ace) c"est a+ a&. A. Bisso $as ot i/%e+.

'% A. Bisso t"e +isegage+ "i&se# o& A. @aga a+ #e+. A. @aga o##o$e+) '%tco##a(se+) $it" t"e 'ase'a## 'at at "is si+e) at t"e o%te +oo$a! o t"e %it $"ee "e '#e+ to +eat".

'& 'e#iee t"at A. Bisso $as assa%#te+ '! A. @aga a+ t"at "e $as %+e a easoa'#ea((e"esio o gieo%s 'o+i#! "a& $"e A. @aga a((oac"e+ "i& $it" t"e aise+ 'ase'a## 'at. &! ie$) "o$ee) A. Bisso +i+ ot act i self-defence'eca%se "e +i+ ot 'e#iee oeasoa'#e go%+s t"at "e co%#+ ot (esee "i&se# o& +eat" o gieo%s 'o+i#! "a& ot"et"a '! takig t"e actios t"at "e +i+. &! ie$) it is o t"is e#e&et t"at t"e defenceo self-defenceai#e+.

'' &! ie$) A. Bisso oe-eacte+ i a e7(#osie a+ e7te&e#! io#et &ae. *ise7cessie es(ose to t"e iitia# attack) '! #as"ig o%t $it" t"e kie %&eo%s ti&es $it" #et"a#eect) &a! "ae 'ee (o&(te+ '! a istictie eactio to t"e i&&e+iate sit%atio o '! i&(aie+/%+g&et +%e to "is %se o a#co"o# a+ cocaie i t"e "o%s (ece+ig t"e ici+et) o a co&'iatioo t"e t$o. a! eet) "is actios $et 'e!o+ t"at $"ic" $o%#+ 'e /%stiie+ as self-defence.

3(R")S4 3OS"O!S R)5(R#!5 S)!")!C)

' Co$ co%se# s%'&its t"at a a((o(iate age o setece is 'et$ee ie a+ eig"t !eas)a+ s%'&its t"at a setece o si7 o see !eas s"o%#+ 'e i&(ose+. Co$ co%se# a#so seeks aDN; o+e a+ a #ieti&e iea&s (o"i'itio.

' #efenceco%se# s%'&its t"at t"is case s"o%#+ (o(e#! 'e ie$e+ as oe o ea self-defencea+ t"at a setece o #ess t"a t$o !eas s"o%#+ 'e cosi+ee+. *e s%'&its %t"e) t"at i acce(t"is s%'&issio as to t"e a((o(iate #egt" o setece) s"o%#+ i&(ose a co+itioa# setece.#efenceco%se# &a+e o s%'&issios ega+ig t"e aci##a! o+es so%g"t '! Co$.

CRC$MS"(!C)S O* "+) O**)!#)R

' A. Bisso $as 19 !eas o#+ $"e "e co&&itte+ t"e oeces a+ is o$ 22 !eas o#+. *e$as 'o i ;#'eta) '%t &oe+ $it" "is a&i#! to C"i##i$ack i 1996) $"e "e $as ie. A.Bisso #ies $it" "is (aets a+ !o%ge siste. *is a&i#! e&ais e! s%((otie o "i&. A.Bisso ga+%ate+ o& "ig" sc"oo# $it" aeage &aks. *e $as actie i s(ots a+ (#a!e+ "ocke!a+ #acosse. *e e&ais actie as a eeee o &io "ocke!. A. Bisso 'ega $okig $it" a#oca# cost%ctio co&(a! i He'%a! 2006 a+ coti%es to $ok o t"at co&(a! as a a&e.*e is a a#%e+ e&(#o!ee. A. Bisso "as o (io io#e&et $it" t"e #a$.

'/ @"e iteie$e+ '! t"e (o'atio oice $"o (e(ae+ t"e (e-setece e(ot) A. Bisso+eie+ a! (o'#e&s $it" age &aage&et. *o$ee) "e $as io#e+ i so&e ig"ts $"e "e$as a st%+et a+ "is (aets o'taie+ so&e co%se##ig o "i& $"e "e $as i "ig" sc"oo# to +ea#$it" "is age iss%es.

'0 Pio to t"is ici+et) A. Bisso +ak a#co"o# a+) at ti&es) %se+ &ai"%aa a+ cocaie$it" ie+s i socia# sit%atios. 4"ee $as o i+icatio t"at "is %se o a#co"o# o +%gs ca%se+ a(o'#e& $it" "is &aitaiig a o&a#) (o+%ctie #ie. ote) "o$ee) t"at "is &ot"e testiie+t"at s"e 'e#iees "e so $o%#+ 'eeit o& so&e +%g a+ a#co"o# co%se##ig.

'1 D%ig t"e sentencing"eaig) "ea+ o& a %&'e o &e&'es o A. Bissos a&i#!a+ o& A. Bisso "i&se#. a++itio) $as (oi+e+ $it" a+ "ae ea+ a %&'e o #etteso& A. Bissos a&i#! a+ ie+s. 4"e! $ee %+esta+a'#! s"ocke+ a+ +is&a!e+ '! t"is

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eet. 4"e! ie$ A. Bissos actios i t"is ici+et as co&(#ete#! o%t o c"aacte. 4"e! 'e#ieet"at A. Bisso is e! e&ose%# a+ egets ee! +a! $"at "a((ee+) ot /%st 'eca%se o t"ei&(act %(o "i&se# a+ "is a&i#!) '%t a#so o "aig take aot"e (esos #ie. 4"e! cosi+et"at t"e ti&e t"at A. Bisso "as s(et o 'ai# (e+ig t"e eso#%tio o t"is &atte "as 'ee

+iic%#t a+ t"at "e "as a#ea+! (ai+ a sigiicat (ice o $"at "e "as +oe. 4"e! ae%+esta+a'#! cocee+ t"at i A. Bisso is setece+ to (iso) it $i## o#! +o "i& &oe "a&$it"o%t 'eeit to a!oe. 4"e! 'e#iee t"at A. Bisso is ot a t"eat to a!oe a+ t"at "e ee+ot 'e icaceate+ to (otect societ!.

2 A. Bisso ecogi

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1a) a setece s"o%#+ 'e icease+ o e+%ce+ to acco%t o a! e#eataggaatig o mitigatingcic%&staces e#atig to t"e oece o t"e oe+e)a+) ...

1b) a setece s"o%#+ 'e si&i#a to seteces i&(ose+ o si&i#a oe+es o

si&i#a oeces co&&itte+ i si&i#a cic%&staces= .... ;ot"e (ici(#e t"at e&eges o& t"e a%t"oities is t"at o estait) $"ic" "as 'ee state+as o##o$s iR, v, )andale19>,) 21 C.C.C. 2+ 250) $"ic" $as eee+ to i R, v, Ansari) 2008BCSC 1>09 [Ansari]) ai&e+ at 2009 BCC; 381:

4 ; ist setece o i&(iso&et es(ecia##! o a ist oe+e s"o%#+ 'e as s"otas (ossi'#e a+ tai#oe+ to t"e i+ii+%a# cic%&staces o t"e acc%se+ at"e t"aso#e#! o t"e (%(ose o geea# +eteece.

#SC$SSO! (!# (!(67SS

/ +o ot 'e#iee t"at t"ee is a ee+ to +ete A. Bisso o& %t%e ci&ia# co+%ct o t"at

e"a'i#itatio is a &a/o cosi+eatio i t"is case. a& satisie+ t"at A. Bissos co+%ct i t"isistace $as o%t o c"aacte o "i& a+ occ%e+ i cic%&staces t"at $i## ot 'e e(eate+. A.Bisso is a$ae o t"e "a& t"at "e "as ca%se+ ee!oe.

0 &! ie$) t"e (ici(#es o sentencingt"at &%st eceie (i&a! cosi+eatio i t"is caseae eti'%tio) +e%ciatio a+ geea# +eteece.

1 @"e s(eak o eti'%tio) +o ot +o so as egeace) '%t as t"at te& is %+estoo+ i t"ecote7t o ci&ia# #a$. R, v, C,A,.,) [1996] 1 S.C.R. 500) at (aa. 80) eti'%tio is state+ to 'e:

5 02... a o'/ectie) easoe+ a+ &eas%e+ +ete&iatio o a a((o(iate(%is"&et $"ic" (o(e#! e#ects t"e &oa# c%#(a'i#it! o t"e oe+e. ...

[F]#ike egeace) eti'%tio ico(oates a (ici(#e o estait= eti'%tioe%ies t"e i&(ositio o a /%st a+ a((o(iate (%is"&et) a+ ot"ig &oe.

2 t"at sa&e case) at (aa. 81) t"e C"ie J%stice o Caa+a +esci'e+ +e%ciatio i t"esete&s:

6 0%... 4"e o'/ectie o +e%ciatio &a+ates t"at a setece s"o%#+ a#soco&&%icate societ!s co+e&atio o t"at (atic%#a oe+es co+%ct. s"ot) a setece $it" a +e%ciato! e#e&et e(esets a s!&'o#ic) co##ectiestate&et t"at t"e oe+es co+%ct s"o%#+ 'e (%is"e+ o ecoac"ig o o%societ!s 'asic co+e o a#%es as es"ie+ $it"i o% s%'statie ci&ia# #a$.

% t"e (eset case) Co$ co%se# s%'&its t"at t"ee ae seea# aggaatig cic%&stacest"at /%sti! a setece i t"e age t"at "e s%ggests:

1a) t"e act t"at t"e ici+et $as (ece+e+ '!) a+ #ike#! (eci(itate+ '!) a%(ooke+ assa%#t %(o Boie Sc"aee=

2b) t"e e7te&e a&o%t o io#ece) as +e&ostate+ '! t"e &%#ti(#e sta'$o%+s) (atic%#a#! cosi+eig t"e #ack o e+age&et o t"e (at oA. Bisso= a+

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2c) t"e act t"at A. Bisso $as egage+ i %#a$%# co+%ct i %sig i##ega#+%gs (io to t"is ici+et.

& 4"e defencee#ies o a %&'e o mitigatingactos i s%'&ittig t"at t"is is a case t"ats"o%#+ 'e (#ace+ o t"e #o$ e+ o t"e s(ect%& o seteces o manslaughter,ic#%+ig:

2a) A. Bissos !o%g age=2b) t"e #ack o a! ci&ia# eco+=1c) t"e #ack o a! (e&e+itatio) as +e&ostate+ '! t"e act t"at A. Bisso +i+

ot et% to t"e &ote# $it" a $ea(o a+ o#! sei0 Aa+a& J%stice S&it" eee+ to t$o +ecisios o o% Co%t o ;((ea# t"at cocee+manslaughterco&&itte+ '! (esos $"i#e i a cocaie-i+%ce+ (s!c"otic state.

1 R, v, Hic's) [1995] B.C.J. No. 5,5 C.;. [Hic's]) t"e acc%se+ '%ta##! sta''e+ t$o e&a#eicti&s o o a((aet easo. 4"e acc%se+ "a+ a eco+ o stea+! e&(#o!&et a+ a easoa'#!goo+ a&i#! sit%atio. Deteece o ot"es a+ +e%ciatio $ee t"e (i&a! actos i i&(osig

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a eectie setece o a((o7i&ate#! 12 !eas $"ic" $as %("e#+ o a((ea#.

2 Green)suprat"e acc%se+ ki##e+ "is icti& $"i#e i a +%g-i+%ce+ (s!c"otic state. *esta''e+ "is e&a#e ie+) $"o $as ot "is (ate) 3> ti&es $it" a kie) t"e eisceate+ "e $it"a s"a+ o g#ass. 4"e acc%se+ $as 33 !eas o#+ a+ "a+ o (io eco+. *e e&e&'ee+ ot"ig o

t"e ki##ig. *e e7(esse+ geat remorse.4"e /%+ge i&(ose+ a setece o see !eas ate takigito acco%t t"e act t"at "e "a+ s(et 21 &ot"s i c%sto+!) eectie#! a setece o a'o%t te-a+-oe-"a# !eas. %("o#+ig t"is setece) A. J%stice o$ coc#%+e+ t"e sentencing/%+ge) [2001]B.C.J. No. 661) "a+ co&&itte+ o eo. *e state+ at (aa. 13:

7 %'... [4]"e /%+ge +isc%sse+ a+ e&("asi

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t"e itese eactio o a (eso ot"e$ise +is(ose+ to aoi+ co#ict i t"e ace oe7tao+ia! stess.

' 4"e (esoa# cic%&staces o A. ;sai 'oe so&e si&i#ait! to t"ose o A. Bisso. *e$as a !o%g &a $it" o ci&ia# eco+) $as a "ig"#!-&otiate+ st%+et) a+ "a+ a i&(essie

eco+ o seice to ot"e (eo(#e as a coac") a+ as a t%to a+ &eto to #eaig-+isa'#e+ a+ ot"est%+ets. Not"ig i A. ;sais cic%&staces s%ggeste+ t"at t"e eets o t"e +a! o t"e ki##ig$ee a!t"ig '%t a a'eatio.

A. J%stice Ac$a ote+ t"at A. ;sai "a+ a i&(essie %&'e o ie+s $"o $ee(e(ae+ to oe s%((ot (%'#ic#!) ot$it"sta+ig t"e eo&it! o t"e ci&e t"at "e "a+ co&&itte+.

A. J%stice Ac$a e7(esse+ "is o(iio t"at s(eciic +eteece) e"a'i#itatio) a+ t"e(otectio o societ! $ee ot ea##! e#eat 'eca%se "e $as satisie+ t"e eet $as a a'eatio.A. ;sai $as ge%ie#! e&ose%# a+ a$ae o t"e "a& "e "a+ ca%se+. 4"e (ici(#es at (#a!)as i t"e (eset case) $ee eti'%tio) +e%ciatio a+ geea# +eteece. ;t (aas. 31 a+ 32)A. J%stice Ac$a coc#%+e+:

10 '%4"is $as a c%#(a'#e "o&ici+e $it" a $ea(o co&&itte+ i cic%&staces osigiicat +%ess. 4"e (oo /%+g&et &aiest i t"e (esece o t"e kie a+ iA. ;sais (atici(atio i t"e seies o eets #ea+ig %( to t"e sta''ig isie7(#ica'#e i te&s o ee!t"ig e#se t"at is ko$ a'o%t "i&. 'io%s#!) osetece $i## &ake %( o A. ?oos +eat". t"e ot"e "a+) e! #itt#e (%(ose$i## 'e see+ '! a (eio+ o icaceatio 'e!o+ $"at is ecessa! toacko$#e+ge t"e gait! o t"e oece.

11 '&4"e g%i+ace oee+ '! t"e Co%t o ;((ea#) $"i#e ot (esci(tie) is t"at aage o o% to si7 !eas is a((#ica'#e to &ost cases o manslaughter8seeR, v,

Gillies) [1998] B.C.J. No. 1153) (e Acac"e C.J.B.C. t"is case) t"e ageo (ossi'#e i+igs o act e%ie+ t"e /%! to 'e ist%cte+ o self-defence,ai+ig o $"ic" $o%#+ "ae es%#te+ i a ac%itta#. i+ig t"at A. ;saisactios $ee ot /%stiie+) o t"e oe "a+) a+ +i+ ot a&o%t to &%+e o t"eot"e) t"e /%! o%+ acts t"at +i+ ot e#iee A. ;sai o es(osi'i#it!) '%tt"at sigiicat#! &itigate+ t"e eet) +es(ite its +ist%'ig a((eaace. +o ott"ik it ca 'e sai+ t"at t"e cic%&staces s%ggest t"at t"is case $as o t"e "ig"e+ o c#ose to &%+e $it" a! &oe acc%ac! t"a it ca 'e sai+ t"at it $asc#ose to self-defence. t stikes &e) t"e) t"at as 'et$ee t"ose (o#es oc%#(a'i#it! t"e (o(e setece a##s $it"i t"e o% to si7-!ea age.

*e i&(ose+ a setece o ie !eas $"ic" $as %("e#+ o a((ea#.

/ 4"e Co$ a#so ees toR, v, 0liason2003 BCSC 1808 [0liason]) i $"ic" t"e oe+ei#icte+ a ata# 'eatig %(o a (ostit%te "e "a+ (icke+ %(. *e 'eca&e ag! a+ istigate+ a ig"to%t o age $"e "e +iscoee+ t"e (ostit%te $as a (eso $"o "a+ %+egoe a (atia# se7 c"age.;t so&e (oit) t"e (ostit%te (%##e+ a kie '%t t"e co%t o%+ t"at t"e acc%se+s ia# '#o$ $as+e#iee+ $"e t"e (ostit%te $as o #oge a t"eat to "i& a+ t"e acc%se+s c#ai& o self-defence$as e/ecte+. 4"e co%t o%+ t"at t"e acc%se+ eacte+ $it" io#ece t"at $as o%t o (o(otio tot"e attack %(o "i&. *e $as setece+ to see !eas i&(iso&et. 4"e acc%se+ i t"at case "a+ aci&ia# eco+ t"at ic#%+e+ a (io assa%#t.

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0 #efencet"ee so%g"t a co+itioa# setece '%t t"e sentencing/%+ge coc#%+e+ t"at t"ee$ee o aai#a'#e sactios ot"e t"a i&(iso&et t"at $ee easoa'#e i t"e cic%&staces. 4"ecase $as ot at t"e ea acci+et e+ o t"e s(ect%& a+ t"e acc%se+ "a+ ai#e+ to take a! ste(sto$a+ "is e"a'i#itatio. 4"e oe+e eceie+ a setece o see !eas.

1 ; case i $"ic" c#ea#! t"ee $ee as(ects o self-defenceisR, v, Andrew) 2008 BCC; 1,1[Andrew]. A. ;+e$ a+ a %&'e o ot"e i+ii+%a#s "a+ s(et t"e +a! +ikig a+ s&okig&ai"%aa at a site ea t"e Hase Rie. t"e $a! "o&e) A. ;+e$ a+ "is icti& $ee i t"e'ack seat o a e"ic#e. ; a#tecatio 'et$ee t"e t$o +ee#o(e+ a+ t"e icti& (%c"e+ A.;+e$. 4"e +ie o t"e e"ic#e sto((e+ a+ A. ;+e$ tie+ to get o%t) '%t $as 'eig "e#+ 'ack'! t"e icti&. @"e A. ;+e$ ia##! $as a'#e to get o%t o t"e e"ic#e) "is icti& state+ to geto%t) to o##o$ "i&. A. ;+e$ (%##e+ o%t a is"ig kie a+ sta''e+ "is icti& t$ice i t"e c"est.e o t"e sta's (iece+ t"e aota a+ $as ata#.

/2 A. ;+e$ $as c"age+ $it" seco+ +egee &%+e a+ t"e /%! coicte+ "i& omanslaughter.A. ;+e$ $as 23 !eas o age at t"e ti&e o t"e oece= "a+ a &io ci&ia#eco+ t"at +i+ ot ic#%+e a! oeces o io#ece= $as e&ose%#= "a+ sto((e+ +ikig a#co"o#a+ %sig +%gs= a+ "a+ $oke+ stea+i#! i t"e t$o !eas (ece+ig sentencing.

/% 4"e Co$ s%'&itte+ t"e a((o(iate age o setece $as t"ee to si7 !eas) $"i#e t"edefenceso%g"t a setece o t$o !eas #ess a +a!. 4"e sentencing/%+ge coc#%+e+ t"at aa((o(iate setece $o%#+ "ae 'ee t"ee !eas) '%t took (e-sentencingc%sto+! ito acco%ta+ i&(ose+ a co+itioa# setece o t$o !eas #ess a +a!.

/& a((ea#) it $as coce+e+ o t"e 'asis oR, v, ice) [2005] 1 S.C.R. >,2 t"at t"e tia# /%+ge"a+ ee+ i i&(osig a co+itioa# setece gie t"at "e "a+ coc#%+e+ a it setece $o%#+ "ae'ee t"ee !eas. s%'stit%tig a c%sto+ia# setece o t$o !eas a+ ie &ot"s ate takig itoacco%t ti&e s(et i (e-tia# c%sto+! a+ t"e ti&e see+ o t"e co+itioa# setece) A. J%stice4!soe state+ at (aas. 18 a+ 19:

12 %0 a++itio toR, v, Gillies)supra) Co$ co%se# "as eee+ %s to t"e+ecisios '! t"is Co%t iR, v, Green) [2001] B.C.J. No. 2,3,) 2001 BCC; 6>2=R, v, D&anda) [2005] B.C.J. No. 2328) 2005 BCC; 533= a+R, v, Seitc&er)[200>] B.C.J. No. 1019) 200> BCC; 255) o t"e (o(ositios t"at +e%ciatioo ci&ia# co+%ct ca%sig +eat" a+ +eteece ae t"e (i&e cosi+eatios isentencingo a manslaughteroece o t"e at%e o t"e oece i t"e(eset case a+ t"at) a'set %%s%a# cic%&staces) t"e 'otto& e+ o t"e ageo seteces o manslaughtero t"is at%e is o% !eas.

13 %1 &! o(iio) t"e sentencing/%+ge took t"e mitigatingactos o t"is case

ito acco%t to t"ei %##est (ossi'#e e7tet i coc#%+ig t"at a a((o(iatesetece $as t"ee !eas 'eoe ce+itig t"e (e-tia# c%sto+!. ; setece o #esst"a t"ee !eas $o%#+ ot "ae 'ee a it setece. t is +e'ata'#e $"et"e t"emitigatingactos costit%te %%s%a# cic%&staces s%c" t"at a setece o #esst"a o% !eas ca 'e cosi+ee+ a((o(iate) '%t a& ot (es%a+e+ t"at t"ecoc#%sio o t"e sentencing/%+ge i t"is ega+ s"o%#+ 'e +ist%'e+ i ie$ ot"e (ositio take '! t"e Co$ at t"e sentencing"eaig.

/' 4"e o#! +ecisio e#ie+ o '! t"e defence$it" ega+ to t"e a((o(iate #egt" o setece

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$asR, v, .cGoran) [200,] B.C.J. No. 2865 [.cGoran]) a +ecisio o &ie. A. Ac?oa (#ea+e+g%i#t! to manslaughteri t"e ki##ig o aot"e &a +%ig t"e co%se o a 'otc"e+ o''e!. A.Ac?oa a+ a ie+ #e+ aot"e (eso $"o& t"e! "a+ ecet#! &et %( $it" ito t"e $oo+site+ig to o' "i&. @"e t"e icti& &a+e a &oe&et o so&e sot to$a+s A. Ac?oas

ie+) A. Ac?oa st%ck "i& o t"e 'ack o t"e "ea+ oce $it" a stick. 4"e '#o$ #a+e+ o a(atic%#a#! %#ea'#e (at o t"e "ea+) ki##ig t"e icti&. t $as co&&o go%+ t"at t"e oe+e+i+ ot stike t"e '#o$ o t"e (%(ose o %t"eig t"e o''e!. A. Ac?oa $as 18 !eas o ageat t"e ti&e o t"e oece a+ "a+ a e! %ot%ate %('igig.

/ 4"ee $ee a %&'e o mitigatingactos ic#%+ig t"e act t"at A. Ac?oa "a+ o (ioci&ia# eco+= coesse+ to a+ coo(eate+ $it" t"e (o#ice= (#ea+e+ g%i#t!= a+ $as e&ose%#.

/ Co$ so%g"t a eectie setece o si7 !eas) $"i#e defenceso%g"t a setece o t$o !eas#ess a +a! o##o$e+ '! t"ee !eas o (o'atio. coc#%+e+ t"at e"a'i#itatio s"o%#+ eceiesigiicat cosi+eatio a+ t"at it $o%#+ 'e 'est ac"iee+ i a (oicia# aci#it! a+ i&(ose+ t"esetece so%g"t '! defence.*o$ee) coc#%+e+ t"at a co+itioa# setece $o%#+ ot 'ea((o(iate 'eca%se it $o%#+ ot coti'%te to es(ect o t"e #a$ a+ t"e &aiteace o a /%st)(eace%# a+ sae societ!) a+ $o%#+ ot (oi+e s%iciet +e%ciato! o +eteet eect.

/ ;s state+ ea#ie) it is &! ie$ t"at t"e (i&a! cosi+eatios i sentencingA. Bisso&%st 'e +e%ciatio a+ geea# +eteece. @"i#e i+ig A. Bisso ot g%i#t! o &%+e) t"e/%! "as o%+ "i& g%i#t! o a e! gae oece i t"e manslaughtero A. @aga. No setececa) o co%se) %+o t"at tage+!. A. Bisso 'eas es(osi'i#it! o A. @agas +eat" a+ "e&%st (a! "is +e't to societ! o "is c%#(a'i#it! i takig t"e #ie o a e##o$ "%&a. a& satisie+t"at A. Bisso +ee(#! egets "is actios t"e ig"t o ;(i# 15 a+ 16) 200>. *is co+%ct o t"atoccasio $as o%t o c"aacte a+ is %#ike#! to 'e e(eate+. *e is ge%ie#! e&ose%# a+ +oesot (ose a t"eat to societ!.

// 4"ee ae) as "ae i+icate+) a %&'e o mitigatingactos t"at "ae take ito

cosi+eatio. A. Bisso is a !o%g &a a+ "as o ci&ia# eco+. 4"is is "is ist coictio)t"o%g" it is a coictio o a e! seio%s oece. A. Bisso $as e&(#o!e+ at t"e ti&e o t"eoece a+ "as e&aie+ e&(#o!e+ $"i#e o 'ai#. *is e&(#o!e t"iks "ig"#! o "i&. *e is a(eso $"o "as coti'%te+ a+ ca coti'%te (ositie#! to "is a&i#! a+ "is co&&%it!.

/0 +o ot t"ik it $o%#+ 'e a((o(iate to c"aactei

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a#so 'e see as aggaatig. t"e ot"e "a+) it is &! ie$ t"at t"e cic%&staces i t"is case ae+ieet o& t"ose iA,/,Hic'sa+ Green. t"ose cases) t"e oe+es $ee cocaie a++icts$"o ke$ t"e eects o t"e +%gs a+ o#%tai#! igeste+ #age %atities o cocaie #ea+ig to astate o cocaie-i+%ce+ (s!c"osis. A. Bisso "a+ ee 'eoe s&oke+ cack cocaie. 4"at) o

co%se) +oes ot a'so#e "i& o es(osi'i#it! o t"e oece) '%t t"ik t"e cic%&staces ae #essaggaatig.

0% @"e $eig" t"e e#eat aggaatig a+ mitigatingactos) cosi+e t"e gait! o t"eoece) cosi+e A. Bissos (esoa# cic%&staces) cosi+e "is +egee o es(osi'i#it! o&oa# c%#(a'i#it!) a+ "ae ega+ o t"e a%t"oities t"at &%st g%i+e &e) a& satisie+ t"at asetece o t$o !eas #ess a +a! as so%g"t '! t"e defence$o%#+ ot &eet t"e (ici(#es osentencinga+) i (atic%#a) $o%#+ ot satis! t"e (ici(#es o +e%ciatio a+ +eteece. ;soe o t"e stat%to! (e-co+itios to gatig a co+itioa# setece is t"at a setece o #ess t"at$o !eas is i&(ose+) a co+itioa# setece is si&(#! ot aai#a'#e i t"is case.

0& ;s to $"at is t"e a((o(iate #egt" o setece) it is &! ie$ t"at t"e cases o A,/,)Hic's)a+ Greenio#e+ &oe egegio%s cic%&staces a+ a "ig"e +egee o c%#(a'i#it! o t"e (at ot"e oe+es. "ae a#ea+! eee+ to t"e act t"at t"e! ae cases $"ee t"e o#%ta!cos%&(tio o &i+-a#teig +%gs (#a!e+ a (o&iet o#e. 4"e! +o ot "ae t"e sa&e e#e&etso self-defenceo (oocatio i t"e geea# sese o t"e $o+ (oocatio) ot t"e Criminal Code+eiitio t"at t"is case (esets.A,/,) a+Hic'si a++itio) io#e+ +o%'#e "o&ici+es. Greenio#e+ (atic%#a#! g%eso&e gat%ito%s io#ece. 0liason) t"e cic%&staces o t"e oe+e$ee #ess (ositie t"a i t"e (eset case.

0' Andrewa((eas to 'e a case $"ic" is (e"a(s as c#ose to a ea-self-defencei t"at is aa((o(iate te& as oe &ig"t i+) !et t"e Co%t o ;((ea# o(ie+ t"at a it setece $o%#+ "ae'ee ot #ess t"a o% !eas a+ i&(ose+ a #esse setece o#! 'eca%se o t"e (ositio take '!t"e Co$.

0 &! ie$) t"e cic%&staces i.cGoran$ee %ite +ieet o& t"e (eset case. 4"atcase) i &! o(iio) ca 'e see as a ea-acci+et case.

0 &! ie$) t"e case t"at "as t"e geatest si&i#ait! i te&s o t"e cic%&staces s%o%+igt"e oece a+ t"e at%e o t"e oe+e isAnsari. Bot" cases io#e a s(otaeo%s eactio to(oocatie actios o t"e (at o t"e icti& a+ io#e+ t"e %se o io#ece t"at $as o%t oc"aacte o t"e oe+es) 'ot" o $"o& "a+ goo+ 'ackgo%+s a+ c"aacte.

0 t"is case) as "ae a#ea+! coc#%+e+) t"e icti& a((oac"e+ A. Bisso $it" a 'ase'a##'at) '%t t"e act e&ais t"at t"e $"o#e seies o eets 'ega $"e A. Bisso co&&itte+ a%/%stiia'#e assa%#t o As. Sc"aee.

0/ t"e e+) takig a## o t"ese cic%&staces ito acco%t a+ "aig ega+ to t"e case #a$) coc#%+e t"at t"e (o(e eectie setece o t"e oece o manslaughteri t"is case is ie!eas.

00 A. *oga s%'&its t"at i +ete&iig t"e #egt" o setece A. Bisso s"o%#+ eceiece+it o t"e ti&e t"at "e "as s(et $"i#e o 'ai# +%ig t"is (ocee+ig i a &ae aa#ogo%s tot"e ce+it gie o (e-tia# c%sto+! (%s%at to s. >193 o t"e Criminal Code.

01 % Co%t o ;((ea# "as i+icate+ t"at i a((o(iate cic%&staces ti&e s(et o 'ai# %+eoeo%s co+itios ca 'e take ito acco%t as a mitigatingacto $"e i&(osig setece. R,

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v, Cut&bert) [200>] B.C.J. No. 2523 [Cut&bert]) t"e co%t "e#+ t"at a sentencing/%+ge &a! teat 'ai#ti&e $it" stiget co+itios as a mitigatingacto. *o$ee) t"e co%t "e#+ t"at t"e sentencing/%+ge i t"at case "a+ ot ee+ i ai#ig to e+%ce t"e #egt" o t"e setece o acco%t o t"e (e-tia# 'ai# co+itios.

12 4"e 'ai# co+itios i Cut&bert) $"ic" $ee i (#ace o a'o%t 28 &ot"s) ic#%+e+ a 6:00(.&. to 6:00 a.&. c%e$) a i/%ctio to sta! a$a! o& "is +a%g"te) "is e7-$ie a+ "e co&&o#a$ "%s'a+) a+ a e%ie&et t"at A. C%t"'et e&ai $it"i a 1.6 ki#o&ete a+i%s o "isesi+ece. 4"e co%t ote+ at (aa. 3>:

14 '/@"i#e t"e a((e##ats te&s o 'ai# ic#%+e+ a c%e$ a+ a sigiicat aeaestictio) t"e! +i+ a##o$ "i& to ca! o &a! as(ects o a o&a# #ie. *e $asa'#e to ca! o $it" "is caee= "e $as a'#e to iteact $it" a&i#! a+ ie+s=s%'/ect to "is aea estictio "e $as ot coie+ +%ig o-c%e$ "o%s= a+t"ee is o ei+ece "e $as ee +eie+ a e%est to go o%tsi+e "is aeaestictio. *e $as a'#e to (%s%e iteests) as "e took %( o es%&e+ ea+ig)

#eae+ so&e ati) (#a!e+ c"ess a+ t"e sa7o("oe) (%s%e+ +a$ig) a+(atici(ate+ i "ea#t" a+ itess actiities.

1% ;+ at (aa. 39 t"e co%t sai+:

15 '14"e ei+ece coceig t"e a((e##ats ti&e o 'ai# s"o$s t"at "is a'i#it! toca! o a o&a# #ie) $"i#e ot co&(#ete) $as a e&oe+ o& $"at "e $o%#+"ae e7(eiece+ i c%sto+!.

1& t"e (eset case) A. Bisso $as aeste+ o ;(i# 20) 200>) $as e#ease+ o 'ai# t"ee$eeks #ate) o Aa! 11) 200>) a+ "as 'ee o 'ai# ee sice. *is ecogi

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o assa%#t) o +o%'t 'eca%se t"at oece is &%c" #ess seio%s. "ae coc#%+e+ t"at A. Bisso(%s"e+ Boie Sc"aee) ca%sig "e to a## a+ "it "e "ea+ o so&e o'/ect ca%sig a s%(eicia#c%t.

1/ t"ese cic%&staces) cosi+eig t"e 'ackgo%+ o A. Bisso) a+ t"e e#atie#! &io

at%e o t"e assa%#t) a& o t"e o(iio t"at a setece o oe +a! i /ai#) i a++itio to t"e ti&es(et i c%sto+!) $o%#+ 'e a((o(iate.

10 A. Bisso) $o%#+ !o% (#ease sta+. A. Bisso) o t"e oece o manslaughter, setece!o% to a te& o i&(iso&et o 58-a+-oe-"a# &ot"s. Ho t"e oece o assa%#t) setece !o%to oe +a! i /ai# coc%et $it" t"e setece o manslaughter.

11 a#so i&(ose a iea&s (o"i'itio i acco+ace $it" s. 1092 o t"e Criminal Code(o"i'itig !o% o&:

3a) (ossessig a! iea&) ot"e t"a a (o"i'ite+ iea& o esticte+ iea&) a+a! coss'o$) esticte+ $ea(o) a&&%itio) a+ e7(#osie s%'stace +%ig

t"e (eio+ t"at 'egis to+a! a+ e+s 10 !eas ate !o% e#ease o&i&(iso&et= a+

3b) (ossessig a! (o"i'ite+ iea&) esticte+ iea&) (o"i'ite+ $ea(o)(o"i'ite+ +eice) a+ (o"i'ite+ a&&%itio o #ie.

%22 H%t"e) &ake a o+e %+e s. ,8>.0511 o t"e Criminal Code) o t"e takig o DN;sa&(#es.

%2% Hia##!) t"e icti& i&(act s%c"age $i## 'e $aie+.

B.A. JC J.

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