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Russia’s Public Policy. By: Eric Lin. Outline. Welfare State Pension Welfare Education Policy Poverty Issues Civil Liberties, Rights, and Freedoms Environment Policy Management of Natural Resources Population and Migration Policies Population Structure Population Change - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Russia’s Public PolicyBy: Eric Lin
OutlineWelfare State
Pension WelfareEducation PolicyPoverty Issues
Civil Liberties, Rights, and FreedomsEnvironment PolicyManagement of Natural ResourcesPopulation and Migration Policies
Population StructurePopulation Change
Gender and Ethnicity PoliciesForeign PolicyEconomic Policy and Performance
Welfare StatePension WelfareThree component system comprised of basic
pension (30%), insurance benefit (60%) and allowances (10%)
After 2010, the basic pillar has been folded into the pay-as-you-go portion of pensions
Early statutory age-60 for men & 55 for women
Pensions/Allowances-9% of GDPPutin named pension-saving policy the BIGGEST social problem facing modern Russia
Welfare State (cont.)Education PolicyMinistry of Education and Science
regulates Russia EducationLaw on Education (1992)-autonomy for
local authorities and more objective school curriculum
Education Spending-4.9% of GDPMore emphasis on broad fields of study, rather than the USA system of discrete courses
Welfare State (cont.)Poverty IssuesWorking poor is largest group-66% of poor
live in households where at least one adult is employed
Early 1994-system of family allowances was simplified into a single benefit, available to all children
1994-1995-regional program of social protection was adopted-people below minimum income are priority
Stabilization and renewed economic growth are critical for poverty reduction in Russia
Civil Liberties, Rights, and FreedomsIn theory, Constitution of Russian Federation
guarantees freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of association and assembly, freedom to choose language, to vote, for education, etc.
Law on Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations (1997)-restricted new religious groups in registering as religious organizations
January 31, 2010-Russian government’s refusal to grant permission for a peaceful protest in support of freedom in Moscow-violation of Constitution!
Russia is ranked “Not Free” in Freedom in the World 2013
Environmental PolicyLarge percentage of Russia’s urban
population is faced with “high” and even “very high” pollution and about 100 million hectares are threatened by desertification
In 2010, Medvedev called for an “improved, consolidated environmental policy”.
Medvedev pointed out that Putin’s laws were isolated and sometimes contradictory-emphasized coherence
Liability for violations of environmental legislation were increased and punishment became inevitable
Management of Natural ResourcesDependence on oil exportation-boon or burden?2000-Putin's helped stabilize the country by
consolidating the energy sector under state control
The government effectively nationalized the majority of the energy sector under three state behemoths: Gazprom, Rosneft and Transneft.
A more rational public opinion of country's natural resources is necessary for promoting private initiative and opening the natural resources industry to international investors
Population and Migration PolicySecond largest immigration country after U.S.In 1992, the Federal Migration Service (FMS) was
created in response to the mass movements of people following the collapse of the Soviet Union
In 1993, the laws “On Refugees” and “On Forced Migrants” were adopted
Other changes starting 2006- centralized database for the registration of foreign citizens, cooperating with the European Union in the field of migration
Low population growth: +0.4%Current population: 8.67 people/sq. km
Population Structure
Population Changes
Gender PoliciesGender Gap - From 1996–1999, only 7.2% of
Russia's Federal Assembly were women; only one woman was present in the upper chamber, the Federation Council
Gender equality is not identified as a policy issue at the governmental level; most women worked in low income cultural and educational sectors
The Russian Family Code- shared parental authority; mothers and fathers have equal rights/responsibilities
The Gender Inequality Index is 0.338(59th)
Ethnicity PoliciesBoris Yeltsin-pragmatic encouragement of self-rule
for the leaders of the ethnic republics (ethnic laissez faire)
Conception of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation(1996)-ambiguity of all-powerful unitary state and autonomous ethnic republics
Putin made little progress to clear up the ambiguities in Russian ethnic policy
Putin even tried to restructure state institutions to limit any possibility for using ethnicity to challenge his own political power
Foreign PolicyAdopted multidirectional balanced external
strategy.Not only to satisfy Russia’s own ambitions, but also
to guarantee world peace and security.2000-2004-Completely eradicated intervention of
the international terrorism to return Chechnya to the Russian constitutional legal field
2005-2008-Defending Russian sovereignty2006- Russia presided in the G8 throughout the
year2012-became a member of WTO
Transition from command economy to partial free-market system
Macroeconomic revolution-became one of the largest creditors of U.S. debt in the world.
Tax reform-13% low flat tax rate to encourage hard work.1999-2008-Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) was 2.3 to 3
times higher than that of the USA and EU nations. The 2008-2009 economic crisis-GDP decreased
considerably plummeted by 7.8%.The economic situation in 2010-2013 - Restoring the
dynamics of development with gradual GDP increaseHugely rely on the oil and gas resources
Economic Policy
Thank You!
AcknowledgementMr. Swaney