Russias Homegrown Insurgency Jihad in the North Caucasus

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STRATEGICSTUDIESINSTITUTE

The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues related to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrate-gic analysis.

The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on:

employment of military forces;;

-

special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of -

Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army par-ticipation in national security policy formulation.

Strategic Studies Institute Monograph

RUSSIA'S HOMEGROWN INSURGENCY: JIHAD IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

Stephen J. BlankEditor

October 2012

The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and -

-tions enjoy full academic freedom, provided they do not disclose

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ers them to offer new and sometimes controversial perspectives

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www.Strategic StudiesInstitute.army.mil

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newsletter to update the national security community on the re-

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www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/newsletter/.

iii

CONTENTS

Gordon M. Hahn

Sergey Markedonov

Svante E. Cornell

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FOREWORD

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While the evident and primary cause of this cur-

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vi

CHAPTER 1

THE CAUCASUS EMIRATE JIHADISTS:THE SECURITY AND STRATEGIC

IMPLICATIONS

Gordon M. Hahn

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2 With the dissolu--

We can point to a series of factors that for more ---

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2

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-ism to a consistent portion of youth across the entire

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THE CAUCASUS EMIRATE: THEO-IDEOLOGY, GOALS, STRATEGY, AND OPERATIONAL CAPACITY

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exponentially to include not only the international---

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tawhid and -

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Islamdin.com, which

Islamdin.com and -

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In-spire

Islam-din.com

Minbar al-Jihad wa’l-Tawhid -

close student-mentor relationship of correspondence

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Millat Ibrahim The Religion of Abraham

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- Tawid, or strict monotheism,

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-munism, socialism, nationalism, and class or ethnic

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have passed death sentences, some of which have

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ity as major deviations from monotheism and thus

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Given the extremist nature of their monotheism, taw-

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The remainder of this chapter --

The CE’s Goals and Strategic Vision.

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- The unilateral nature of

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surprised and want to understand how those plans

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-lamic tithe or zakyat

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or jihadism experts, its operational capacity puts the

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This

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that it had already carried out two operations, includ-

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THE CAUCASUS EMIRATE AND THE GLOBAL JIHADI REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT

Swift Knight Report-

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Swift Knight Report, as well as numerous trial transcripts, document

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Qoqaz.net

Qoqaz.net, Qoqaz.co.uk, Webstorage.com/~azzam, and Waaqiah.com

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means, expert advice and assistance, communica-

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and indeed were used to solicit donations for the jihad Ahmad also assisted

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in order to raise money and purchase footwarmers for

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Soyuz musul’man Rossii

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travel route, which was used to route volunteers and

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Thus, there

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-an Glynn Williams claims that after extensive travel

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have seen that Americans, Germans, other Western-

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The

perestroika and post-perestroika periods, yielded the -

gazavats

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This set him and

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As his jihadi nom de guerre-

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-datsan

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the respective wives of his predecessor and successor

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-ships with jihadi leaders and philosophers such as

Ansar al-Mujahideen www.ansar1.info/

Ansar al-Mujahideen

- Ansar al

Mujahideen’s -

-

Ansar al Mujahideen’s -

Ansar al-Muja-hideen -

Ansar al-Mujahideen’s

Ansar al-Mujahideen announced

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Ansar al-Mujahedeen

Islamdin.comal-ansar.info

Ansar al-Mujahideen, an

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Al-An-sar.info

Ansar al-MujahideenAl-Ansar.info Islamdin.com -ment of the joint project with the Ansar al-Mujahideen

- Islamdin.com posted

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DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY IMPLICATIONS

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creativity and modest resources on the part of the mu-

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has not demonstrated much of an existence no less ca-

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-sian development efforts and international culture in

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The Eurasian Horizon.

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security implications for the entire Transcaucasus and

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Geor-

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Hunafa.com, found-

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-Ka-

vkaz tsentr

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All the suspects held dual --

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- All

- A

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Islamdin.com

-Ansar al-Mujahidin

Islamdin.com co-sponsored with Ansar al-Mujahidin the Al-Ansar.info

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Jyllands-Posten -

Potential Threats to U.S. Interests.

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RUSSIAN COUNTER-JIHADISM POLICY

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-sian military, police, and special security forces have

tactics to include more elements of soft power in its

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-creased for sectors crucial to socioeconomic develop-

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policies and his turn to more use of soft power in the

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up in order to attract private investment, to pay more -

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the

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The planned tourism cluster -

the nucleus of the healthcare and tourism industries of

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Caisse des Depots et Consignations

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-pected mujahedin are often harassed, detained, and

-jahedin, and he has tried to enlist clerics in efforts to

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-teip Ac-

-ishment to those who surrendered, and many were

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reiterated the cornerstone of his anti-jihadism policy -

themselves in, they would receive soft sentences and

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---

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called for the introduction of direct federal rule and

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of civil society, reacted without fail, personally, and

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-ment of transport infrastructure and utilities should

Another invest--

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course has yielded few results unless one can show

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Siloviki.

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operations, military helicopters, and more rarely ar-

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federal authorities decided that the dire situation in

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- There is no evidence that

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THEORETICAL AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

-cepts, have concrete security policy implications for

-potheses, and theories extant in the scholarly, ana-

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--

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not located near and do not cooperate as closely with

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exclusively a jihadist phenomenon, this mono-causal explanation is simplistic, especially when it comes

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testaments state explicitly that their motivation is to

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These theoretical conclusions have policy implica-

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would still have international security implications,

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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 1

-Nezavisimaya gazeta

Chechnya: From Nationalism to Jihad -

Russia’s Islamic Threat

-Kavkaz tsentr

from www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/03/08/71101.shtml

Kavkaz-Tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.net/russ/content/2006/01/09/40869.shtml -

Kavkaz-Tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.com/russ/

content/2005/03/12/31285.shtml -Russkii Zhurnal www.

russ.ru/publish/96073701Kavkaz-Tsentr The Wolves of Is-lam: Russia and the Faces of Chechen Terrorism


www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=4&Itemid=28www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category &id=33&Itemid=31 www.islamdin. com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=7&Itemid=8

Kavkaz tsentr -www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2011/04/12/80669.

shtml -Kavkaz tsentr -

www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2011/01/21/78402.shtml -

Umma Newsummanews.com/minbar/359-----l----r.html -

Islamdin.comwww.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_

content&view=article&id=278:2009-02-19-12-11-52&catid=4:2009-02-04-14-07-09&Itemid=28

Islamdin.com www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=609:2010-01-04-23-52-10&catid=8:2009-02-04-22-51-14&Itemid=26

Jamaat Shariat, www.jamaatshariat.com/ru/

content/view/414/29/ Hunafa.com

Hunafa.com

-

-

-

-


Islamdin.com -www.islamdin.com/index.

php?option=com_content&view=article&id=999:2010-12-08-11-56-36&catid=27:2009-02-09-17-38-17&Itemid=16 -

Inspire, -nie, Kavkaz tsentr www. kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/10/12/75767.shtml

Islam, Islamism, and Politics in Eurasia Report -

www.miis.edu/media/view/23115/original/kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_40_may_2011.pdf

Militant Ideology Atlas


content&view=article&id=656:-q-q-&catid=7:2009-02-04-15-45-20&Itemid=8Islamdin.com www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=651:-q-q-1-&catid=7:2009-02-04-15-45-20&Itemid=8

Kavkaz tsentr -www.kavkazcenter.com/eng/

content/2009/09/18/11018.shtmlAlmaqdese.net

almaqdese.net/r?i=07090901 -Islamdin.com,

www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1077:2011-03-14-00-00-13&catid=4:2009-02-04-14-07-09&Itemid=28

Kavkaz tsentr www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content

/2011/02/05/78885.shtml -Hunafa.com

hunafa.com/?p=2530

Kavkaz tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.com/eng/content/2009/09/18/11018.

shtml Almaqdese.net, almaqdese.net/r?i=07090901

Kavkaz tsentrfrom www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/09/10/75149.shtml

-Kavkaz tsentr

www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2007/ 11/20/54479.shtml

-Kavkaz tsentr -


JamaatShariat.comwww.jamaatshariat.com/-mainmenu-29/14-

facty/1345-2010-11-12-02-18-12.html

Guraba.infofrom www.guraba.info/2011-02-27-17-59-21/30-video/1107--i-.html

Kavkaz tsentr www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2009/08/25/67586.shtml and www.islamdin.com/in-dex.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=467:2009-08-24-21-30-20&catid=10:2009-02-06-21-56-11&Itemid=26 -

-

-

hijabAfter each of the accused was executed, the verdicts were posted on JamaatShariat.com -

--

JamaatShariat.comwww.jamaatshariat.com/new/15-new/1095-2010-08-10-10-58-30.html

-

Jamaat Shariat.com www.jamaatshariat.com/new/15-new/1298-2010-09-25-12-47-36.html

-

Islamdin.comwww.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article &id=594:2009-12-12-14-58-15&catid=27:2009-02-09-17-38-17&Itemid=16

-

-

Hunafa.info hunafa.com??p=1534

Hunafa.infohunafa.info/?p=1715

Kavkaz tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/07/29/74167.shtml

-KavkazInform.com,

www.kavkazinform.com/2011-05-27-02-00-06/3-2011-05-27-05-14-31.html

-

to spread combat to the entire territory of the Caucasus”

Jamaat Shariat.com jamaatshariat.com/ru/-mainmenu-29/14-facty/1105--2-.html

-

-Kavkaz-Tsentr


-

-

Kavkaz-Tsentr www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2004/08/01/24101.shtml

-

Kavkaz tsentr www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2005/05/16/33965.shtml

Kavkaz-Tsentr, www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/

content/2006/07/09/45779.shtml -

-

-


Chechenpress.org www.chechen-press.org/events/2007/10/29/04.shtml

-

www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/ 2011/05/17/81607.shtmlwww.kavkazcenter.com/eng/content/2011/05/17/14313.shtml

-

tlhrc.house.gov/docs/transcripts/2011_04_15_North_Caucasus/Lanskoy_Testimony.pdf -

Caucasus Timeswww.caucasustimes.com/article.asp?id=20748

New York Times

Eurasia Daily Monitorwww.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news% 5D=37230&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=85a84a8365

Ja-maatShariat.com www.jamaatshariat.com

-Kavkaz tsentr

www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content /2010/10/18/75902.shtml

Hunafa.com hunafa.com/?p=3451

Guraba.infoguraba.info/2011-02-27-17-59-21/30-video/1117--

i-q-q-1-.html

vdagestan.info/2011/07/08/%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%b8%d0%ba-%d0%b0%d0%b1%d1%83-%d0%bc%d1%83%d1%85i%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%b4-%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%82%d1%8b-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be/

-Jamaat Shariat,

www.jamaatshariat.com/ru/-mainmenu-29/14--/834-2010-06-02-03-05-02.html

-

Kavkaz tsentr www.kavkazcenter. com/russ/content/2010/03/08/71087.shtml

-Islam, Islamism, and Politics in Eur-

asia Report IIPER-

IIPER-

IIPER-

IIPERwww.miis.edu/academics/faculty

/ghahn/report

-Icasulaties.org,

icasualties.org/oef/ByMonth.aspx -Icasualties.org

from icasualties.org/OEF/USCasualtiesByState.aspx

You Tube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQQKPNfmo1U

Kavkaz tsentr www. kavkaz.tv/eng/content/2009/05/17/10700.shtml

Hunafa.comhunafa.com/?p=2514 -

Hunafa.com -hunafa.com/?p=1984

-Hunafa.info hunafa.

com??p=1534Hunafa.info

hunafa.info/?p=1715

Hunafa.com hunafa.com??p=1855

-

Kavkaz tsentr, www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/

content/2011/02/04/78877.shtml

Kavkaz tsentr www.kavka-zcenter.com/russ/content/2011/02/07/78967.shtml

--

-

GlobalSecurity.comand www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/1999/11/991104-chechen-usia1.htm

www.charlierose.com/view/interview/3968 --

Freeman.orgwww.freeman.org/m_online/bodansky/chechnya.htm

Swift Knight Report Judicial Watchfrom www.judicialwatch.org/cases/102/dia.pdf

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

www.ca9.uscourts.gov/media/view_subpage.php?pk_id=0000007126;; and the

-

-www.

investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/1422.pdf#page=65

--

-Investigative Project

www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/94.pdf

--


-

Investigative Proj-ect www.investigative project.org/documents/case_docs/96.pdf

Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Ter-ror

Vtorzhenie v Rossiyu,

Kavkaz tsentr The Globe and Mail -www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/

LAC/20041102/CHECHEN02/TPInternational/?query=basayev

Transnational Security Issues Report -

JamaatShariat.com www.jamaatshariat.com/-mainmenu-29/14-facty/1345-2010-11-12-02-18-12.html

Ibid

Inside Al Qaeda

-

AFP Regions.rufrom www.regions.ru

-

Jamaat Shariat jamaatshariat.com/ru/-mainmenu-29/14-facty/1105--2-.html

BNO News wireup-date.com/wires/17128/czech-police-arrest-suspected-russias-north-cau-casus-terrorists/

-tawba.info or jamaatbulgar.narod.ru -

-jamaatbulgar.narod.ru/statiy/v1_28-02-09.htm

Flashpoint Intel

Chechen Weekly -

Ethno-Nationalism, Islam and the State in the Caucasus: Post-Soviet Disorder

-

Beirut LBC SAT Television -

Inside Al Qaeda

-

Kavkaz uzel -www.kavkaz.memo.ru/newstext/news/id/1198805.html

-Retwa.org www.retwa.org/

home.cfm?articleId=4834 Kavkaz uzel www. kavkaz-uzel.ru

-Kavkaz-uzel.ru

www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/182411/

-Dzhikhad na Severnom Kavkaze:

storonniki i protivniki, Kavkaz tsentr -www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/islam/jihad_in_ncaucasus/

PDF_version.pdf

-

gazavatists, de-adat

Kavkazskie Voiny i Imamat Shamilya

Dzhikhad na Severnom Kavkaze: storonniki i protivniki.

-Novaya gazeta

www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2010/027/18.html-

Gazeta yuga www.gazetayuga.ru/archive/2005/16.htm

Kabardino-Balkariya: Na puti k katastofe, Kavkaz uzel -

www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/analyticstext/analytics/id/1231255.html Russia’s Islamic Threat

IIPERwww.miis.edu/media/view/21434/original/

kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_23_sept_2010.pdf -Kavkaz-Tsentr

www. kavkazcenter.net/russ/content/2006/05/29/44895

Polit.ruwww.polit.ru/analytics/2006/05/18/

kanokov.html

-


-Kavkaz uzel -

www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/158565 -

www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2009/07/30/67080.shtml


Ibid -

Rossiiskaya gazeta, www.rg.ru/2010/03/05/said-bur-site.

html

-

-

Kavkaz tsentr -

Kavkaz tsentr www. kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2008/11/21/62314.shtml

Hunafa.info -hunafa.info/?p=1715

-

i24 sishan tschetschenien jihad islam nasheed qoqaz kaukasus You Tube,

www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgE19xcasEg-

Imam TV http://imamtv.com/news-18-05-1009.htm citing Hunafa.com -

-

IIPERwww.miis.edu/media/view/21196/

original/KAVKAZJIHAD_MonTREP_IIPER_20_Aug2010.pdf -

IIPERwww.miis.edu/media/view/23146/original/kavkazjihad_montrep_ iiper_41_june_2011.pdf

IIPER www.miis.edu/media/view/22492/original/kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_35_feb_2011.pdf

Jamaat Shariatjamaatshariat.com/ru/fakty/29-

facty/1089-2010-08-08-21-40-39.html

Jamaat Shariatjamaatshariat.com/ru/-mainmenu-29/14-

facty/1105--2-.html

CTC Sentinelfrom www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/a-beacon-for-extremists-the-ansar-al-mujahideen-web-forum.

-Jawa Report mypetjawa.

mu.nu/archives/203766.php

-

www.justice.gov/usao/vae/Pressreleases/07-JulyPDFArchive/10/20100721chessernr.html

-

-

Alqimmah.netfrom www.alqimmah.net/showthread.php?t=21139&goto=nextoldest

Islamdin -www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view

=article&id=849:2010-07-20-16-49-47&catid=32:2009-03-05-23-19-06&Itemid=29

-

Jawa Report mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/203757.php

-

-

--

-


Islamdin.com www. islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=854:-q-q-1&catid=4:2009-02-04-14-07-09&Itemid=28 -



-Kavkaz-Tsentr

www.kavkazcenter.net/russ/content/2006/01/09/40869.shtml

Kavkaz-Tsentrfrom www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2006/07/09/45779.shtml

--

Novaya gazetafrom www.novayagazeta.ru/data/09/10.html

-Komsomolskaya Pravda

www.kp.ru/daily/24463.5/624739/

-Islam.ru www.islam.ru/rus/2009-

04-29/-

-

TsentrAzii www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1269840600

-

-Regnum.ru

www.regnum.ru/news/1267599.html -

Regnum.ru www.regnum.ru/news/fd-volga/bash/1269348.html

Lifenews.ru lifenews.ru/news/30293 www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/07/05/73590.shtml

Kavkaz tsentr-

MediaKorSet www.mkset.ru/news/person/13353/

Rossiiskaya gazeta www.rg.ru/2010/12/17/reg-bashkortostan/fsb-anons.html

-

-rest report stated that one of the arrestees was the amir of the

-

RFERL www.rferl.org/content/bashkortostan_islamists/2301430.html

Hizb ut-Tahrir Islami was uncovered and de--

Regnum.ruwww.regnum.ru/news/fd-volga/tatarstan/1350137.

html -


original/kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_41_june_2011.pdfIIPER

www.miis.edu/media/view/22714/original/kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_36_mar_2011.pdf


content/2011/01/26/78553.shtml -


-

-

JamaatShariat.comwww.jamaatshariat.com/ru Kavkaz tsentr -

www.kavkazcenter.com

Jamaat Shariat, jamaatshariat.com/-main-

menu-29/14-facty/1152-2010-08-22-17-00-31.html

-

which ended in their defeat and eventual deportation and exile of

--

-IIPER

www.miis.edu/media/view/22714/original/ kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_36_mar_2011.pdf

-

-

Kavkaz tsentr www. kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2011/02/12/79121.shtml

-Kavkaz tsentr


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-

-

Georgian Journalgeorgianjournal.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=664:burjanadze-talks-about-danger-of-one-more-war-from-russia-&catid=9:news&Itemid=8 -

Interfax www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?pg=2&id=197175

-

---

-

America-Russia Netwww.america-russia.net/eng/face/236661338?user_session=4827e878c0267ddbdd6ee738f8212f1d

New York Times

Kavkaz Jihad Blogspot -kavkaz-jihad.blogspot.com/2011/03/message-of-mujahideen-

from-khorasan-to.htmlJihad-e-In-

formacion jihad-e-informacion.blogspot.com/2011/03/video-badr-at-tawheed-mensaje-de-los.html

Ibid

-Kavkaz tsentr -

www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/09/03/75000.

shtml


Ferghana.rufrom www.ferghana.ru/news.php?id=15461&mode=snews -

-materik.ru/rubric/detail.

php?ID=10653Ferghana.ru,

www.ferghana.ru/news.php?id=15470&mode=snews

Ferghana.ru www.ferghana.ru/news.php?id=15475&mode=snews

Hunafa.com hu-nafa.com/?p=3839

Hunafa.com hunafa.com/?p=4831#more-4831

Kavkaz tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/

2011/03/19/80081.shtml

-

Nezavisma-ya gazeta—Religii religion.ng.ru/ problems/2011-07-20/4_vahhabity.html -

Eurasianet.orgwww.eurasianet.org/node/63549

from news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/two-die-in-kazakhstan- car-blast-20110524-1f1zk.html

RETWA www.retwa.com/home.cfm?articleId=11372

Radio Free Europe/Radio

Liberty www.rferl.org/content/kazakh-stan_suicide_bomber/24177028.html -

Telegraphwww.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/kazakhstan/8518895/Sui-cide-bomber-attacks-Kazakh-secret-police-HQ.html

Radio Free Eu-rope/Radio Liberty www.rferl.org/content/blast_outside_security_service_building_kazakh_ capital/24184422.html

-Kavkaz tsentr,

www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/ content/2011/03/22/80140.shtml

Russia’s Islamic Threat-

Demokratizatsiya

MEMRIwww.memritv.org/clip/en/2695.htm

New York Timesfrom www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/europe/24belgium.html

“Agence France Presse news. yahoo.com/s/afp/20101123/wl_afp/belgiumnetherlandsgermany securityattacks/print

NineMSNnews.ninemsn.com.au/world/8168623/10-held-over-

terror-plot-in-belgium

-EU Observer

euobserver.com/9/31341Nezavsismaya gazeta

www.ng.ru/world/2010-11-25/1_belgium.html

“

-

AP, www.themoscowtimes.

com/news/article/austria-arrests-chechen-in-belgian-nato-plot/425658.html.

Jihad Watch

www.jihadwatch.org/2010/12/austrian-police-arrest- chechen-over-poss ib l e - j ihad-at tack-on-be lg ian-nato-base . html

Expatica www.expatica.com/be/news/belgian-news/austrian-police-hold-chechen-in-belgium-attack-probe_115126.html

Agence France Press

Die Presse diepresse.com/home/panorama/oesterreich/616045/Mutmasslicher-Terrorist_Ein-Phantom-in-Neunkirchen?direct=611111&_vl_backlink=/home/politik/innen-politik/index.do&selChannel=100

Reuters www.reuters.com/article/2010/12/16/us-iraq-qaeda-idUSTRE6BF3CR20101216.

Islamdin.com, www.islamdin.com/index.

php?option=com_content&view=article&id=814:2010-06-22-19-09-08&catid=25:2009-02-09-17-15-12&Itemid=17

“ -

BNO News wireupdate. com/wires/17128/czech-police-arrest-suspected-russias-north-caucasus-terrorists/

Lydovki, www.lidovky.

cz/tiskni.asp?r=ln_domov&c=A110503_111957_ln_domov_ape-

Radio Prahafrom terrorist-network-operating-in-the-czech-republic-eight-charged-with-aiding-dagestani-shariat-jamaat

Kavkaz uzel www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/187809/

Lemans Maville www.lemans.maville.com/actu/actudet_-Double-operation-antiterroriste-au-Mans-_dep-1440912_actu.Htm

Avisen.dk avisen.dk/doukaev-faar-12-aar-for-terror_

147226.aspx?utm_source=avisen&utm_medium=frontpage&utm_campaign=latestNewsBox

-

newspaper Jyllands-Posten -


-

Islamdin.com

-

Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense

Itar-Tass www.itar-tass.com Reuters,

www.reuters.com/article/2010/06/02/ us-russia-security-nuclear-idUSTRE6512RQ20100602

Jihadi --

Post-Soviet Affairs

-

--

---

-Kremlin.ru www.

kremlin.ru/transcripts/5979

Reuters

-The North Caucasus: Russia’s Volatile Fron-

tier

-Caucasus_WEB.pdfMoskovskie novosti mn.ru/ politics/20110404/300841916.html

Politkom.ruwww.politcom.ru

Ibid

The North Cau-casus: Russia’s Volatile Frontier

-www.edinros.ru/text.

shtml?14/4565,110040Vremya novostei www.vremya.ru/2010/117/4/257340.html

Ibid.

-

Islamdin.com

-

Kurorty Severnogo Kavkaza

-Kommersant -

www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1589344

RIA Novostien.rian.ru/russia/20110629/164915641.html

kavkazcenter. com/russ/content/2010/01/04/69927.shtml

Vremya novostei www.vremya.ru/246760.html Russia Eurasia Terrorism Watch www.retwa.com/home.cfm?articleDate=7Nov2010

Kavkaz uzelwww.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/165231/

Ibid.

-Kavkaz uzel


Vremya novosteiwww.vremya.ru/2010/118/4/257507.html

---

www.kavkaz.memo.ru/newstext/news/id/118554.html

---

--

Infox.ruinfox.ru/accident/incident/2011/02/03/

Kabardino_Balkariya_.phtml

Kavkaz uzelkabardino-balkariya.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/168443/

-

Kavkaz uzelwww.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/183646/?print=true,

sections 7.1 and 7.2

RIA No-vosti www.riadagestan.com/news/2011/05/13/6472/

-Vedomosti

from www.vedomosti.ru/companies/news/1319006/kerimov_vlozhit_ v_gostinicy_i_stadiony_dagestana_14_mlrd

---

-

-

Kavkaz uzel www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/189517/#6

-

-Kavkaz uzel -

www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/174793/Kavkaz news -

www.kavkaz-news.info/ portal/cnid_122389/alias__Caucasus-Info/lang__en/tabid__2434/de-fault.aspx

Leaderless Jihad: Terrorism Networks in the Twenty-First Century -

Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Sui-cide Terrorism,

Cutting the Fuse: The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It,

-

Georgian Journal georgianjournal.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=664:burjanadze-talks-about-danger-of-one-more-war-from-russia-&catid=9:news&Itemid=8

Interfax -www.interfax.com/newsinf.

asp?pg=2&id=197175-

America-Russia Netfrom www.america-russia.net/eng/face/236661338?user_session=4827e878c0267ddbdd6ee738f8212f1d

CHAPTER 2

THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN RUSSIAAND RUSSIA IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS:

STATE APPROACHES AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE TURBULENT REGION

--

-

--

-

-

-

--

-

--

-

Almost every

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

Why has the activity of the new plenipotentiary not

is to examine major social and political trends in the

“SOFT POWER”: MADE BY ALEXANDER KHLOPONIN

-

--

the one hand, the West was seen as a natural ally at

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

-al and local authorities, while the federal authorities

--

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Federation administrative entities which are part

-

actions, and an ethnocratic leadership automati-

-

spheres of tourism and health tourism, electricity,

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

importance offers no explanation for why events de-

-

-

-

importers are, or the extent to which the importers

-

-

This document seems to isolate the economy and the

NORTH CAUCASUS: RADICAL ISLAMISM ON THE RISE

--

also said that he denies the laws of the secular authori--

--

them, they have to determine the effectiveness of its

-

-

trained preachers who fully meet the standards of --

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

-

--

ETHNIC NATIONALISM: NEW PERSPECTIVES?

-

-

-

--

vival has occurred after a series of personnel decisions

-

-

-

-

-

--

--

people prepared an appeal to the presidential envoy

--

corruption, human resource policies, and issues of lo-

-

-

leadership clearly rejects the claims for the return of -

-

-

--

-

-

-

NORTH CAUCASUS: PUBLIC POLICY OF LIMITED DURATION

-reaucratic competition for dominance in the frame-

-

-

-

THE NORTH CAUCASUS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE KREMLIN

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

while there is simultaneously a more active desire of

-


Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia

Russian Separatism ( Russkii Separa-tizm ), www.politcom.ru/11193.html

-

---

-

-www.


premier.gov.ru/events/news/13920/

Ibid

-

www.echo.msk.ru/news/717094-echo.html

Ibid.

Ibid.

-


CHAPTER 3

THE “AFGHANIZATION” OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS

OF A CHANGING CONFLICT

Svante E. Cornell

-

-

-

-

THE NORTH CAUCASUS TODAY

-

-

constraints of their own system, they end up exacer-

-

-

2 A

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

their leaders are responsive mainly to the demands of

-

-

-

resistance has morphed into a low-to-medium level

-

--

-

-

a jihadi movement with whom central authorities

HOW DID WE GET HERE?

-

-

-

-

The Salience of the Deportations.

-

-

-

--

-

--

-

Teip

-

-portance of the deportations in the collective memory

-

-

-

that there was no way for them to live securely under

-

-

---

-

-

--

-

-

---

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

The First War.

-

--

destruction of the city, and hundreds of thousands of

-

-

--

-

in several well-documented massacres of civilians,

there is ample evidence that there was little love lost

and were hardly in a position to turn away these new-found allies, all the more since they were exception-

-

-

The Inter-War Period.

-

-

this second attempt at independence in a decade end-

-

-

--

--

--

-

-

-

-

-

Mladi Muslimani

the Reis-ul-Ulema

-

-

-

-

-

--

counterpart, and could not rely on an international -

awash in international assistance already a year fol-

confront the jihadis that had ensconced themselves

-

-

The Second War.

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

--

22

-

-

-

-

--

-

The second war proved as heavy on the civilian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

RUSSIAN POLICIES

-

-

-

-

-,

-

---

-

-

-

-

opulent residence was only a few miles away from a

-

-

-

-

-

nationalist leadership was respected in Western cir-

-

jihadi elements, needless to say, did not and do not

with a jihadi movement and

-

While a counterintuitive turn, the secu-

-

A PACIFIED CHECHNYA?

The last several years have seen widespread violence

-

-

--

--

-

- This removed the sole

-

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

Already in

-

-

-

-

-

loyalty to a new leader, or would they return to the

-

leave power and his successor would discontinue the

-

CONCLUSION

-

-

-

--

--

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

scorecard for democratic development across the re--

--

-

-

-

-

-

the situation continues to deteriorate, Western pow-


Time www.time. com/time/world/article/0,8599,1904234,00.html

-Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst

from www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5415

Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst, www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5614

Caucasian Knot rf.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/18748

North Caucasus: On the Brink of Far-Reaching Destabilisation

-

Caucasus Times www.cauca-sustimes.com/article.asp?id=12365 et al

Eur-asian Geography and Economics,

www.colorado.edu/ibs/waroutcomes/docs/EGE_2007_ WarChechnya_s4.pdf

-Window on Eurasia

windowoneurasia.blogspot.com/2008/01/window-on- eurasia-kabardino-balkaria.html

The North Caucasus Barrier, Russia Confronts Chech-

-

Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan

The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War

Chechnya: A Small Victorious War

The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities


Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical

-Middle East Review of International Affairs

Europe-Asia Studies

Central Asian Survey,

Russia under Yeltsin and Putin: Neo-Lib-eral Autocracy -sian press reports in Novaya Gazeta, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, and Versiya

Chris-tian Science Monitor

Journal of International Affairs www.georgefox.edu/academics/undergrad/departments/soc-swk/ree/Powers_Religion_Oct%201996.pdf

Al Qaeda’s Jihad in Europe: The Afghan-Bosnian Network

Denial of Sanctuary: Understanding Terrorist Safe Havens,

-Jamestown Terrorism Monitor

www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4532&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=182&no_cache=1

Getting the Caucasus Emirate Right,

-

The Washington Times

www.hrw.

Annals of the Association of American Geographers,

Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst, -www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/3151

Eurasia Daily Monitor www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news% 5 D = 3 7 3 5 0 & t x _ t t n e w s % 5 B b a c k P i d % 5 D = 2 7 & c H a s h = 660e50c38e

NorthCaucasus_2009optimize.pdf

-ISN Insights

www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/ISN-Insights/Detail?lng=en &ots627=fce62fe0-528d-4884-9cdf-283c282cf0b2&id=125837&tabid=125818&contextid734=125837&contextid735=125818

North_Caucasus_Spring_2010.pdf.

Eurasia Daily Monitor www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=38732&cHash=530491ac52389684440e5dcc84e128a7

Central Asia-Caucasus Analystfrom www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5573

-

European Security

Prague Watchdog Kommer-sant www.kommersant.com/page.asp?idr=527&id=689111

Russia under Yeltsin and Putin,

Moscow NewsThe Oath: A

Surgeon Under Fire



Agenstvo Politicheskikh Novostey www.apn.ru/publications/article1519.htm

New York Timesfrom www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/world/europe/07chechnya.html

The Independent www.

king-of-chechnya-430738.html

RIA Novosti, April en.rian.ru/russia/20090407/120959179.html

-versia.ru,

versia.ru/articles/2010/jan/11/ kadyrov_interview

Chechnya Weekly

Central Asia-Cau-casus Analystwww.cacianalyst.org/issues/20060517Analyst.pdf

-Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst,

www.cacianalyst.

You Dress According to Their Rules”: Enforcement of an Islamic Dress Code for Women in Chechnya,

www.hrw.

news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_7800000/7800125.stm

RFE/RL www.rferl.org/content/article/1100642.html

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS

-

-Imperial Decline: Russia’s

Changing Position in Asia, coeditor of Soviet Military and the Future, and author of The Sor cerer as Appren-tice: Stalin’s Commissariat of Nationali ties, 1917-1924has also written many articles and conference papers

-rent research deals with prolifera tion and the revo-

Russo-Chinese Energy Relations: Politics in Command

Nat ural Allies? Re-gional Security in Asia and Prospects for Indo-American Strategic Cooperation -

--

-

www.russiaotherpointsofview.comRussia’s Islamic

Threat Russia’s Revolution From Above, 1985-2000and numerous articles in academic journals and other

-

-

-De facto States of the

Post-Soviet Space: Particularities of the Nation-Building The Turbulent Eurasia -

New Challenges and Prospects -

U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE

Major General Anthony A. Cucolo IIICommandant

*****

STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE

DirectorProfessor Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr.

Director of ResearchDr. Antulio J. Echevarria II

EditorDr. Stephen J. Blank

Director of PublicationsDr. James G. Pierce

Publications AssistantMs. Rita A. Rummel

*****

CompositionMrs. Jennifer E. Nevil

STRATEGICSTUDIESINSTITUTE

The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues related to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrate-gic analysis.

The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on:

employment of military forces;;

-

special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of -

Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army par-ticipation in national security policy formulation.

Strategic Studies Institute Monograph

RUSSIA'S HOMEGROWN INSURGENCY: JIHAD IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

Stephen J. BlankEditor

October 2012

The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and -

-tions enjoy full academic freedom, provided they do not disclose

--

ers them to offer new and sometimes controversial perspectives

*****

--

ii

*****

*****

--

www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil

*****

newsletter to update the national security community on the re-

-

www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/newsletter/.

iii

CONTENTS

Gordon M. Hahn

Sergey Markedonov

Svante E. Cornell

v

FOREWORD

-

-

While the evident and primary cause of this cur-

-

-

-

--

-

--

-

--

-

vi

CHAPTER 1

THE CAUCASUS EMIRATE JIHADISTS:THE SECURITY AND STRATEGIC

IMPLICATIONS

Gordon M. Hahn

-

--

-

2 With the dissolu--

We can point to a series of factors that for more ---

-

2

--

-ism to a consistent portion of youth across the entire

-

--

-

THE CAUCASUS EMIRATE: THEO-IDEOLOGY, GOALS, STRATEGY, AND OPERATIONAL CAPACITY

-

exponentially to include not only the international---

-

-

--

-

--

-

-

tawhid and -

-

Islamdin.com, which

Islamdin.com and -

-

In-spire

Islam-din.com

Minbar al-Jihad wa’l-Tawhid -

close student-mentor relationship of correspondence

-

Millat Ibrahim The Religion of Abraham

-

-

-

-

- Tawid, or strict monotheism,

---

-munism, socialism, nationalism, and class or ethnic

-

-

-

-

-

have passed death sentences, some of which have

--

ity as major deviations from monotheism and thus

-

-

-

-

-

-

Given the extremist nature of their monotheism, taw-

-

-

-

-

--

The remainder of this chapter --

The CE’s Goals and Strategic Vision.

--

--

- The unilateral nature of

-

-

-

-

-

-

surprised and want to understand how those plans

--

-

22

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

---

-lamic tithe or zakyat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

or jihadism experts, its operational capacity puts the

---

This

-

-

-

that it had already carried out two operations, includ-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

THE CAUCASUS EMIRATE AND THE GLOBAL JIHADI REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT

Swift Knight Report-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

--

Swift Knight Report, as well as numerous trial transcripts, document

-

-

-

--

Qoqaz.net

Qoqaz.net, Qoqaz.co.uk, Webstorage.com/~azzam, and Waaqiah.com

--

-

means, expert advice and assistance, communica-

-

-

-

-

and indeed were used to solicit donations for the jihad Ahmad also assisted

-

-

in order to raise money and purchase footwarmers for

-

--

-

-

-

--

-

-

--

Soyuz musul’man Rossii

-

-

22

travel route, which was used to route volunteers and

--

-

-

--

Thus, there

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-an Glynn Williams claims that after extensive travel

-

-

-

have seen that Americans, Germans, other Western-

-

-

-

--

---

--

The

perestroika and post-perestroika periods, yielded the -

gazavats

-

-

---

-

-

-

-

--

This set him and

-

---

-

As his jihadi nom de guerre-

-

-datsan

-

-

--

-

-

-

the respective wives of his predecessor and successor

-

-

-

-ships with jihadi leaders and philosophers such as

Ansar al-Mujahideen www.ansar1.info/

Ansar al-Mujahideen

- Ansar al

Mujahideen’s -

-

Ansar al Mujahideen’s -

Ansar al-Muja-hideen -

Ansar al-Mujahideen’s

Ansar al-Mujahideen announced

-

-

-

-

Ansar al-Mujahedeen

Islamdin.comal-ansar.info

Ansar al-Mujahideen, an

--

Al-An-sar.info

Ansar al-MujahideenAl-Ansar.info Islamdin.com -ment of the joint project with the Ansar al-Mujahideen

- Islamdin.com posted

-

DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY IMPLICATIONS

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

---

-

--

-

creativity and modest resources on the part of the mu-

-

has not demonstrated much of an existence no less ca-

-

--

-

-sian development efforts and international culture in

-

The Eurasian Horizon.

-

-

-

-

security implications for the entire Transcaucasus and

-

-

-

--

-

Geor-

-

-

-

Hunafa.com, found-

-

-Ka-

vkaz tsentr

-

-

All the suspects held dual --

-

- All

- A

-

Islamdin.com

-Ansar al-Mujahidin

Islamdin.com co-sponsored with Ansar al-Mujahidin the Al-Ansar.info

-

-

-

-

--

---

-

Jyllands-Posten -

Potential Threats to U.S. Interests.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

RUSSIAN COUNTER-JIHADISM POLICY

-

-

-sian military, police, and special security forces have

tactics to include more elements of soft power in its

--

--

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-creased for sectors crucial to socioeconomic develop-

-

--

--

policies and his turn to more use of soft power in the

-

up in order to attract private investment, to pay more -

-

the

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

The planned tourism cluster -

the nucleus of the healthcare and tourism industries of

-

-

-

--

Caisse des Depots et Consignations

-

--

-

-

-

-pected mujahedin are often harassed, detained, and

-jahedin, and he has tried to enlist clerics in efforts to

-

-teip Ac-

-ishment to those who surrendered, and many were

-

-

reiterated the cornerstone of his anti-jihadism policy -

themselves in, they would receive soft sentences and

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

--

-

--

-

-

-

---

-

-

called for the introduction of direct federal rule and

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

---

-

-

-

-

of civil society, reacted without fail, personally, and

-

-ment of transport infrastructure and utilities should

Another invest--

-

course has yielded few results unless one can show

-

-

-

Siloviki.

-

-

-

-

-

operations, military helicopters, and more rarely ar-

-

-

-

-

-

-

federal authorities decided that the dire situation in

--

-

- There is no evidence that

-

-

THEORETICAL AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

-cepts, have concrete security policy implications for

-potheses, and theories extant in the scholarly, ana-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

not located near and do not cooperate as closely with

-

-

--

exclusively a jihadist phenomenon, this mono-causal explanation is simplistic, especially when it comes

-

testaments state explicitly that their motivation is to

-

These theoretical conclusions have policy implica-

-

would still have international security implications,

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

--

-

--

-

-

--


-Nezavisimaya gazeta

Chechnya: From Nationalism to Jihad -


-Kavkaz tsentr


Kavkaz-Tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.net/russ/content/2006/01/09/40869.shtml -

Kavkaz-Tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.com/russ/

content/2005/03/12/31285.shtml -Russkii Zhurnal www.

russ.ru/publish/96073701Kavkaz-Tsentr The Wolves of Is-lam: Russia and the Faces of Chechen Terrorism


www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=4&Itemid=28www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=33&Itemid=31 www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=7&Itemid=8

Kavkaz tsentr -www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2011/04/12/80669.

shtml -Kavkaz tsentr -


Umma Newsummanews.com/minbar/359-----l----r.html -




Jamaat Shariat, www.jamaatshariat.com/ru/

content/view/414/29/ Hunafa.com

Hunafa.com

-

-

-

-


Islamdin.com -www.islamdin.com/index.

php?option=com_content&view=article&id=999:2010-12-08-11-56-36&catid=27:2009-02-09-17-38-17&Itemid=16 -

Inspire, -nie, Kavkaz tsentr www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/10/12/75767.shtml

Islam, Islamism, and Politics in Eurasia Report -

www.miis.edu/media/view/23115/original/kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_40_may_2011.pdf

Militant Ideology Atlas


content&view=article&id=656:-q-q-&catid=7:2009-02-04-15-45-20&Itemid=8Islamdin.com www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=651:-q-q-1-&catid=7:2009-02-04-15-45-20&Itemid=8

Kavkaz tsentr -www.kavkazcenter.com/eng/

content/2009/09/18/11018.shtmlAlmaqdese.net

almaqdese.net/r?i=07090901 -Islamdin.com,

www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1077:2011-03-14-00-00-13&catid=4:2009-02-04-14-07-09&Itemid=28

Kavkaz tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content

/2011/02/05/78885.shtml -Hunafa.com

hunafa.com/?p=2530

Kavkaz tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.com/eng/content/2009/09/18/11018.

shtml Almaqdese.net, almaqdese.net/r?i=07090901


-Kavkaz tsentr


-Kavkaz tsentr -


JamaatShariat.comwww.jamaatshariat.com/-mainmenu-29/14-

facty/1345-2010-11-12-02-18-12.html

Guraba.infofrom www.guraba.info/2011-02-27-17-59-21/30-video/1107--i-.html

Kavkaz tsentr www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2009/08/25/67586.shtml and www.islamdin.com/in-dex.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=467:2009-08-24-21-30-20&catid=10:2009-02-06-21-56-11&Itemid=26 -

-

-

hijabAfter each of the accused was executed, the verdicts were posted on JamaatShariat.com -

--

JamaatShariat.comwww.jamaatshariat.com/new/15-new/1095-2010-08-10-10-58-30.html

-

Jamaat Shariat.com www.jamaatshariat.com/new/15-new/1298-2010-09-25-12-47-36.html

-

Islamdin.comwww.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=594:2009-12-12-14-58-15&catid=27:2009-02-09-17-38-17&Itemid=16

-

-

Hunafa.infohunafa.com??p=1534

Hunafa.infohunafa.info/?p=1715


-KavkazInform.com,

www.kavkazinform.com/2011-05-27-02-00-06/3-2011-05-27-05-14-31.html

-

to spread combat to the entire territory of the Caucasus”

Jamaat Shariat.com jamaatshariat.com/ru/-mainmenu-29/14-facty/1105--2-.html

-

-Kavkaz-Tsentr


-

-

Kavkaz-Tsentr www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2004/08/01/24101.shtml

-


Kavkaz-Tsentr, www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/

content/2006/07/09/45779.shtml -

-

-


Chechenpress.org www.chechen-press.org/events/2007/10/29/04.shtml

-

www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2011/05/17/81607.shtmlwww.kavkazcenter.com/eng/content/2011/05/17/14313.shtml

-

tlhrc.house.gov/docs/transcripts/2011_04_15_North_Caucasus/Lanskoy_Testimony.pdf -

Caucasus Timeswww.caucasustimes.com/article.asp?id=20748

New York Times

Eurasia Daily Monitorwww.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=37230&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=85a84a8365

Ja-maatShariat.com www.jamaatshariat.com

-Kavkaz tsentr


Hunafa.com hunafa.com/?p=3451

Guraba.infoguraba.info/2011-02-27-17-59-21/30-video/1117--

i-q-q-1-.html

vdagestan.info/2011/07/08/%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%b8%d0%ba-%d0%b0%d0%b1%d1%83-%d0%bc%d1%83%d1%85i%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%b4-%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%82%d1%8b-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be/

-Jamaat Shariat,

www.jamaatshariat.com/ru/-mainmenu-29/14--/834-2010-06-02-03-05-02.html

-


-Islam, Islamism, and Politics in Eur-

asia Report IIPER-

IIPER-

IIPER-

IIPERwww.miis.edu/academics/faculty

/ghahn/report

-Icasulaties.org,

icasualties.org/oef/ByMonth.aspx -Icasualties.org

from icasualties.org/OEF/USCasualtiesByState.aspx

You Tube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQQKPNfmo1U

Kavkaz tsentr www.kavkaz.tv/eng/content/2009/05/17/10700.shtml

Hunafa.comhunafa.com/?p=2514 -

Hunafa.com -hunafa.com/?p=1984

-Hunafa.info hunafa.

com??p=1534Hunafa.info

hunafa.info/?p=1715

Hunafa.com hunafa.com??p=1855

-


content/2011/02/04/78877.shtml

Kavkaz tsentr www.kavka-zcenter.com/russ/content/2011/02/07/78967.shtml

--

-

GlobalSecurity.comand www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/1999/11/991104-chechen-usia1.htm

www.charlierose.com/view/interview/3968 --

Freeman.orgwww.freeman.org/m_online/bodansky/chechnya.htm

Swift Knight Report Judicial Watchfrom www.judicialwatch.org/cases/102/dia.pdf

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

www.ca9.uscourts.gov/media/view_subpage.php?pk_id=0000007126;; and the

-

-www.

investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/1422.pdf#page=65

--

-Investigative Project


--


-

Investigative Proj-ect www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/96.pdf

Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Ter-ror

Vtorzhenie v Rossiyu,

Kavkaz tsentr The Globe and Mail -www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/

LAC/20041102/CHECHEN02/TPInternational/?query=basayev

Transnational Security Issues Report -

JamaatShariat.com www.jamaatshariat.com/-mainmenu-29/14-facty/1345-2010-11-12-02-18-12.html

Ibid

Inside Al Qaeda

-

AFP Regions.rufrom www.regions.ru

-

Jamaat Shariat jamaatshariat.com/ru/-mainmenu-29/14-facty/1105--2-.html

BNO News wireup-date.com/wires/17128/czech-police-arrest-suspected-russias-north-cau-casus-terrorists/

-tawba.info or jamaatbulgar.narod.ru -

-jamaatbulgar.narod.ru/statiy/v1_28-02-09.htm

Flashpoint Intel

Chechen Weekly -

Ethno-Nationalism, Islam and the State in the Caucasus: Post-Soviet Disorder

-

Beirut LBC SAT Television -

Inside Al Qaeda

-

Kavkaz uzel -www.kavkaz.memo.ru/newstext/news/id/1198805.html

-Retwa.org www.retwa.org/

home.cfm?articleId=4834 Kavkaz uzel www.kavkaz-uzel.ru

-Kavkaz-uzel.ru


-Dzhikhad na Severnom Kavkaze:

storonniki i protivniki, Kavkaz tsentr -www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/islam/jihad_in_ncaucasus/

PDF_version.pdf

-

gazavatists, de-adat

Kavkazskie Voiny i Imamat Shamilya

Dzhikhad na Severnom Kavkaze: storonniki i protivniki.

-Novaya gazeta

www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2010/027/18.html-

Gazeta yuga www.gazetayuga.ru/archive/2005/16.htm

Kabardino-Balkariya: Na puti k katastofe, Kavkaz uzel -

www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/analyticstext/analytics/id/1231255.html Russia’s Islamic Threat

IIPERwww.miis.edu/media/view/21434/original/

kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_23_sept_2010.pdf -Kavkaz-Tsentr

www.kavkazcenter.net/russ/content/2006/05/29/44895

Polit.ruwww.polit.ru/analytics/2006/05/18/

kanokov.html

-


-Kavkaz uzel -

www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/158565 -



Ibid -

Rossiiskaya gazeta, www.rg.ru/2010/03/05/said-bur-site.

html

-

-

Kavkaz tsentr-


Hunafa.info -hunafa.info/?p=1715

-

i24 sishan tschetschenien jihad islam nasheed qoqaz kaukasus You Tube,

www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgE19xcasEg-

Imam TV http://imamtv.com/news-18-05-1009.htm citing Hunafa.com -

-


original/KAVKAZJIHAD_MonTREP_IIPER_20_Aug2010.pdf -

IIPERwww.miis.edu/media/view/23146/original/kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_41_june_2011.pdf

IIPER www.miis.edu/media/view/22492/original/kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_35_feb_2011.pdf

Jamaat Shariatjamaatshariat.com/ru/fakty/29-

facty/1089-2010-08-08-21-40-39.html

Jamaat Shariatjamaatshariat.com/ru/-mainmenu-29/14-

facty/1105--2-.html

CTC Sentinelfrom www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/a-beacon-for-extremists-the-ansar-al-mujahideen-web-forum.

-Jawa Report mypetjawa.

mu.nu/archives/203766.php

-

www.justice.gov/usao/vae/Pressreleases/07-JulyPDFArchive/10/20100721chessernr.html

-

-

Alqimmah.netfrom www.alqimmah.net/showthread.php?t=21139&goto=nextoldest

Islamdin -www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view

=article&id=849:2010-07-20-16-49-47&catid=32:2009-03-05-23-19-06&Itemid=29

-

Jawa Report mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/203757.php

-

-

--

-


Islamdin.com www.islamdin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=854:-q-q-1&catid=4:2009-02-04-14-07-09&Itemid=28 -



-Kavkaz-Tsentr

www.kavkazcenter.net/russ/content/2006/01/09/40869.shtml

Kavkaz-Tsentrfrom www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2006/07/09/45779.shtml

--

Novaya gazetafrom www.novayagazeta.ru/data/09/10.html

-Komsomolskaya Pravda

www.kp.ru/daily/24463.5/624739/

-Islam.ru www.islam.ru/rus/2009-

04-29/-

-

TsentrAzii www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1269840600

-

-Regnum.ru

www.regnum.ru/news/1267599.html -

Regnum.ru www.regnum.ru/news/fd-volga/bash/1269348.html

Lifenews.ru lifenews.ru/news/30293 www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/07/05/73590.shtml

Kavkaz tsentr-

MediaKorSet www.mkset.ru/news/person/13353/

Rossiiskaya gazeta www.rg.ru/2010/12/17/reg-bashkortostan/fsb-anons.html

-

-rest report stated that one of the arrestees was the amir of the

-

RFERL www.rferl.org/content/bashkortostan_islamists/2301430.html

Hizb ut-Tahrir Islami was uncovered and de--

Regnum.ruwww.regnum.ru/news/fd-volga/tatarstan/1350137.

html -


original/kavkazjihad_montrep_iiper_41_june_2011.pdfIIPER



content/2011/01/26/78553.shtml -


-

-

JamaatShariat.comwww.jamaatshariat.com/ru Kavkaz tsentr -

www.kavkazcenter.com

Jamaat Shariat, jamaatshariat.com/-main-

menu-29/14-facty/1152-2010-08-22-17-00-31.html

-

which ended in their defeat and eventual deportation and exile of

--

-IIPER


-

-


-Kavkaz tsentr


---

-

-

-

Georgian Journalgeorgianjournal.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=664:burjanadze-talks-about-danger-of-one-more-war-from-russia-&catid=9:news&Itemid=8 -

Interfax www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?pg=2&id=197175

-

---

-

America-Russia Netwww.america-russia.net/eng/face/236661338?user_session=4827e878c0267ddbdd6ee738f8212f1d

New York Times

Kavkaz Jihad Blogspot -kavkaz-jihad.blogspot.com/2011/03/message-of-mujahideen-

from-khorasan-to.htmlJihad-e-In-

formacion jihad-e-informacion.blogspot.com/2011/03/video-badr-at-tawheed-mensaje-de-los.html

Ibid

-Kavkaz tsentr -

www.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/09/03/75000.

shtml


Ferghana.rufrom www.ferghana.ru/news.php?id=15461&mode=snews -

-materik.ru/rubric/detail.

php?ID=10653Ferghana.ru,

www.ferghana.ru/news.php?id=15470&mode=snews

Ferghana.ru www.ferghana.ru/news.php?id=15475&mode=snews

Hunafa.com hu-nafa.com/?p=3839

Hunafa.comhunafa.com/?p=4831#more-4831

Kavkaz tsentrwww.kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/

2011/03/19/80081.shtml

-

Nezavisma-ya gazeta—Religii religion.ng.ru/problems/2011-07-20/4_vahhabity.html -

Eurasianet.orgwww.eurasianet.org/node/63549

from news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/two-die-in-kazakhstan-car-blast-20110524-1f1zk.html

RETWA www.retwa.com/home.cfm?articleId=11372

Radio Free Europe/Radio

Liberty www.rferl.org/content/kazakh-stan_suicide_bomber/24177028.html -

Telegraphwww.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/kazakhstan/8518895/Sui-cide-bomber-attacks-Kazakh-secret-police-HQ.html

Radio Free Eu-rope/Radio Liberty www.rferl.org/content/blast_outside_security_service_building_kazakh_capital/24184422.html

-Kavkaz tsentr,


Russia’s Islamic Threat-

Demokratizatsiya

MEMRIwww.memritv.org/clip/en/2695.htm

New York Timesfrom www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/europe/24belgium.html

“Agence France Presse news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101123/wl_afp/belgiumnetherlandsgermanysecurityattacks/print

NineMSNnews.ninemsn.com.au/world/8168623/10-held-over-

terror-plot-in-belgium

-EU Observer

euobserver.com/9/31341Nezavsismaya gazeta

www.ng.ru/world/2010-11-25/1_belgium.html

“

-

AP, www.themoscowtimes.

com/news/article/austria-arrests-chechen-in-belgian-nato-plot/425658.html.

Jihad Watchwww.jihadwatch.org/2010/12/austrian-police-arrest-

chechen-over-poss ib l e - j ihad-at tack-on-be lg ian-nato-base .html

Expatica www.expatica.com/be/news/belgian-news/austrian-police-hold-chechen-in-belgium-attack-probe_115126.html

Agence France Press

Die Presse diepresse.com/home/panorama/oesterreich/616045/Mutmasslicher-Terrorist_Ein-Phantom-in-Neunkirchen?direct=611111&_vl_backlink=/home/politik/innen-politik/index.do&selChannel=100

Reuters www.reuters.com/article/2010/12/16/us-iraq-qaeda-idUSTRE6BF3CR20101216.

Islamdin.com, www.islamdin.com/index.

php?option=com_content&view=article&id=814:2010-06-22-19-09-08&catid=25:2009-02-09-17-15-12&Itemid=17

“ -

BNO News wireupdate.com/wires/17128/czech-police-arrest-suspected-russias-north-caucasus-terrorists/

Lydovki, www.lidovky.

cz/tiskni.asp?r=ln_domov&c=A110503_111957_ln_domov_ape-

Radio Prahafrom terrorist-network-operating-in-the-czech-republic-eight-charged-with-aiding-dagestani-shariat-jamaat


Lemans Maville www.lemans.maville.com/actu/actudet_-Double-operation-antiterroriste-au-Mans-_dep-1440912_actu.Htm

Avisen.dkavisen.dk/doukaev-faar-12-aar-for-terror_

147226.aspx?utm_source=avisen&utm_medium=frontpage&utm_campaign=latestNewsBox

-

newspaper Jyllands-Posten -


-

Islamdin.com

-

Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense

Itar-Tass www.itar-tass.com Reuters,

www.reuters.com/article/2010/06/02/us-russia-security-nuclear-idUSTRE6512RQ20100602

Jihadi --

Post-Soviet Affairs

-

--

---

-Kremlin.ru www.


Reuters

-The North Caucasus: Russia’s Volatile Fron-

tier

-Caucasus_WEB.pdfMoskovskie novosti mn.ru/politics/20110404/300841916.html

Politkom.ruwww.politcom.ru

Ibid

The North Cau-casus: Russia’s Volatile Frontier

-www.edinros.ru/text.

shtml?14/4565,110040Vremya novostei www.vremya.ru/2010/117/4/257340.html

Ibid.

-

Islamdin.com

-

Kurorty Severnogo Kavkaza

-Kommersant -

www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1589344

RIA Novostien.rian.ru/russia/20110629/164915641.html

kavkazcenter.com/russ/content/2010/01/04/69927.shtml

Vremya novostei www.vremya.ru/246760.html Russia Eurasia Terrorism Watch www.retwa.com/home.cfm?articleDate=7Nov2010

Kavkaz uzelwww.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/165231/

Ibid.

-Kavkaz uzel


Vremya novosteiwww.vremya.ru/2010/118/4/257507.html

---

www.kavkaz.memo.ru/newstext/news/id/118554.html

---

--

Infox.ruinfox.ru/accident/incident/2011/02/03/

Kabardino_Balkariya_.phtml

Kavkaz uzelkabardino-balkariya.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/168443/

-

Kavkaz uzelwww.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/183646/?print=true,

sections 7.1 and 7.2

RIA No-vosti www.riadagestan.com/news/2011/05/13/6472/

-Vedomosti

from www.vedomosti.ru/companies/news/1319006/kerimov_vlozhit_v_gostinicy_i_stadiony_dagestana_14_mlrd

---

-

-

Kavkaz uzel www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/189517/#6

-

-Kavkaz uzel -

www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/174793/Kavkaz news -

www.kavkaz-news.info/portal/cnid_122389/alias__Caucasus-Info/lang__en/tabid__2434/de-fault.aspx

Leaderless Jihad: Terrorism Networks in the Twenty-First Century -

Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Sui-cide Terrorism,

Cutting the Fuse: The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It,

-

Georgian Journal georgianjournal.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=664:burjanadze-talks-about-danger-of-one-more-war-from-russia-&catid=9:news&Itemid=8

Interfax -www.interfax.com/newsinf.

asp?pg=2&id=197175-

America-Russia Netfrom www.america-russia.net/eng/face/236661338?user_session=4827e878c0267ddbdd6ee738f8212f1d

CHAPTER 2

THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN RUSSIAAND RUSSIA IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS:

STATE APPROACHES AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE TURBULENT REGION

--

-

--

-

-

-

--

-

--

-

Almost every

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

Why has the activity of the new plenipotentiary not

is to examine major social and political trends in the

“SOFT POWER”: MADE BY ALEXANDER KHLOPONIN

-

--

the one hand, the West was seen as a natural ally at

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

-al and local authorities, while the federal authorities

--

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Federation administrative entities which are part

-

actions, and an ethnocratic leadership automati-

-

spheres of tourism and health tourism, electricity,

-

-

-

-

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importance offers no explanation for why events de-

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importers are, or the extent to which the importers

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-

This document seems to isolate the economy and the

NORTH CAUCASUS: RADICAL ISLAMISM ON THE RISE

--

also said that he denies the laws of the secular authori--

--

them, they have to determine the effectiveness of its

-

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trained preachers who fully meet the standards of --

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-

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--

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--

ETHNIC NATIONALISM: NEW PERSPECTIVES?

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vival has occurred after a series of personnel decisions

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-

-

-

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--

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people prepared an appeal to the presidential envoy

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corruption, human resource policies, and issues of lo-

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-

leadership clearly rejects the claims for the return of -

-

-

--

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-

-

NORTH CAUCASUS: PUBLIC POLICY OF LIMITED DURATION

-reaucratic competition for dominance in the frame-

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-

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THE NORTH CAUCASUS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE KREMLIN

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-

-

-

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while there is simultaneously a more active desire of

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Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia

Russian Separatism ( Russkii Separa-tizm ), www.politcom.ru/11193.html

-

---

-

-www.


premier.gov.ru/events/news/13920/

Ibid

-

www.echo.msk.ru/news/717094-echo.html

Ibid.

Ibid.

-


CHAPTER 3

THE “AFGHANIZATION” OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS

OF A CHANGING CONFLICT

Svante E. Cornell

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THE NORTH CAUCASUS TODAY

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constraints of their own system, they end up exacer-

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2 A

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-

-

-

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--

their leaders are responsive mainly to the demands of

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-

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resistance has morphed into a low-to-medium level

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--

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a jihadi movement with whom central authorities

HOW DID WE GET HERE?

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-

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The Salience of the Deportations.

-

-

-

--

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--

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Teip

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-portance of the deportations in the collective memory

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-

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that there was no way for them to live securely under

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---

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-

--

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---

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-

-

-

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--

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The First War.

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destruction of the city, and hundreds of thousands of

-

-

--

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in several well-documented massacres of civilians,

there is ample evidence that there was little love lost

and were hardly in a position to turn away these new-found allies, all the more since they were exception-

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The Inter-War Period.

-

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this second attempt at independence in a decade end-

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-

--

--

--

-

-

-

-

-

Mladi Muslimani

the Reis-ul-Ulema

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-

-

-

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--

counterpart, and could not rely on an international -

awash in international assistance already a year fol-

confront the jihadis that had ensconced themselves

-

-

The Second War.

-

-

-

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--

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--

22

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-

-

-

--

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The second war proved as heavy on the civilian

-

-

-

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RUSSIAN POLICIES

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-

-

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-,

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---

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-

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opulent residence was only a few miles away from a

-

-

-

-

-

nationalist leadership was respected in Western cir-

-

jihadi elements, needless to say, did not and do not

with a jihadi movement and

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While a counterintuitive turn, the secu-

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A PACIFIED CHECHNYA?

The last several years have seen widespread violence

-

-

--

--

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- This removed the sole

-

--

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-

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Already in

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loyalty to a new leader, or would they return to the

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leave power and his successor would discontinue the

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CONCLUSION

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--

--

--

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scorecard for democratic development across the re--

--

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-

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the situation continues to deteriorate, Western pow-


Time www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1904234,00.html



Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst, www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5614

Caucasian Knot rf.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/18748

North Caucasus: On the Brink of Far-Reaching Destabilisation

-Caucasus Times www.cauca-

sustimes.com/article.asp?id=12365 et alEur-

asian Geography and Economics, www.colorado.edu/ibs/waroutcomes/docs/EGE_2007_

WarChechnya_s4.pdf

-Window on Eurasia

windowoneurasia.blogspot.com/2008/01/window-on- eurasia-kabardino-balkaria.html

The North Caucasus Barrier, Russia Confronts Chech-

-

Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan

The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War


The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities


Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical

-Middle East Review of International Affairs

Europe-Asia Studies

Central Asian Survey,

Russia under Yeltsin and Putin: Neo-Lib-eral Autocracy -sian press reports in Novaya Gazeta, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, and Versiya

Chris-tian Science Monitor

Journal of International Affairs www.georgefox.edu/academics/undergrad/departments/soc-swk/ree/Powers_Religion_Oct%201996.pdf

Al Qaeda’s Jihad in Europe: The Afghan-Bosnian Network

Denial of Sanctuary: Understanding Terrorist Safe Havens,

-Jamestown Terrorism Monitor

www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4532&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=182&no_cache=1

Getting the Caucasus Emirate Right,

-

The Washington Times

www.hrw.

Annals of the Association of American Geographers,

Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst, -www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/3151

Eurasia Daily Monitor www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5 D = 3 7 3 5 0 & t x _ t t n e w s % 5 B b a c k P i d % 5 D = 2 7 & c H a s h =660e50c38e

NorthCaucasus_2009optimize.pdf

-ISN Insights

www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/ISN-Insights/Detail?lng=en&ots627=fce62fe0-528d-4884-9cdf-283c282cf0b2&id=125837&tabid=125818&contextid734=125837&contextid735=125818

North_Caucasus_Spring_2010.pdf.

Eurasia Daily Monitor www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=38732&cHash=530491ac52389684440e5dcc84e128a7

Central Asia-Caucasus Analystfrom www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5573

-

European Security

Prague Watchdog Kommer-sant www.kommersant.com/page.asp?idr=527&id=689111

Russia under Yeltsin and Putin,

Moscow NewsThe Oath: A

Surgeon Under Fire



Agenstvo Politicheskikh Novostey www.apn.ru/publications/article1519.htm

New York Timesfrom www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/world/europe/07chechnya.html

The Independent www.

king-of-chechnya-430738.html

RIA Novosti, April en.rian.ru/russia/20090407/120959179.html

-versia.ru,

versia.ru/articles/2010/jan/11/kadyrov_interview

Chechnya Weekly

Central Asia-Cau-casus Analystwww.cacianalyst.org/issues/20060517Analyst.pdf

-Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst,

www.cacianalyst.

You Dress According to Their Rules”: Enforcement of an Islamic Dress Code for Women in Chechnya,

www.hrw.

news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_7800000/7800125.stm

RFE/RL www.rferl.org/content/article/1100642.html

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS

-

-Imperial Decline: Russia’s

Changing Position in Asia, coeditor of Soviet Military and the Future, and author of The Sor cerer as Appren-tice: Stalin’s Commissariat of Nationali ties, 1917-1924has also written many articles and conference papers

-rent research deals with prolifera tion and the revo-

Russo-Chinese Energy Relations: Politics in Command

Nat ural Allies? Re-gional Security in Asia and Prospects for Indo-American Strategic Cooperation -

--

-

www.russiaotherpointsofview.comRussia’s Islamic

Threat Russia’s Revolution From Above, 1985-2000and numerous articles in academic journals and other

-

-

-De facto States of the

Post-Soviet Space: Particularities of the Nation-BuildingThe Turbulent Eurasia -

New Challenges and Prospects -

U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE

Major General Anthony A. Cucolo IIICommandant

*****

STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE

DirectorProfessor Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr.

Director of ResearchDr. Antulio J. Echevarria II

EditorDr. Stephen J. Blank

Director of PublicationsDr. James G. Pierce

Publications AssistantMs. Rita A. Rummel

*****

CompositionMrs. Jennifer E. Nevil

Documents

Russias Homegrown Insurgency Jihad in the North Caucasus