Russian Revolutions of 1917 (Revolution in Red) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gf3vdUR1R4Y

1. Approximately how many Russians will fall in the first 3 years? 2. Who is the commander-in-chief of the Czar’s army? 3. Where has he suffered 3 great defeats?

9 million

Grand Duke Nicholas

Tannenberg – Masurian Lake - Warsaw

4. Who was Russian’s most conspicuous failure? 5. What year does Czar Nicholas II take over? 6. Who puts extra stress on Russia’s economy? 7. What else is a shortage due to so many being sent to the front during the war? 8. Who comes to help save the Czar’s son life & influences the appointment of generals & ministers? 9. Who killed Grigori Rasputin? He claimed to be a what?

Czar Nicholas II

1915

refugees

horses

Grigori Rasputin

Prince Felix Yusupov & some conspirators monk

10. When does the protest begin starting the Russian Revolution? 11. Which prince led the Russian Revolution? 12. What group comes into power after Czar Nicholas is taken out of power? 13. When does the Revolution come? 14. What 2 things does Lenin put into place? 15. What 4 things must Russia give up?

March 8, 1917

Prince Georgy Lvov

Bolsheviks

Nov. 7, 1917

Make peace – renounce all treaties with allies

¼ pre-war territory – 1/3 of population – ½ industries – all major defenses

Karl Marx https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16IMc5mhbZk

1. What were Marx’s grandfathers? His father? 2. Who did Marx become fascinated with when he attended the university? 3. What 2 relationships did Marx forge in 1845?

Famous Rabbis – converted to Protestantism

GWF Hegel

Wife, Jenny vonWestphalen & Friedrich Engels

4. What did Marx & Engels put out in 1848? 5. What 2 keys points were there to the Communist Manifesto?

6. What is inscribed on his tombstone?

Communist Manifesto

Championed the worker Advocated for classless society

“Workers of all lands unite”

Vladimir Lenin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsj5IA0gKr0

1. What 2 events led Lenin to no longer believe in God or the Russian Orthodox church? 2. Who did Lenin study while at the university? 3. What did he begin to believe from him? 4. What group did Lenin eventually create? 5. When did Lenin & his party take over Russia?

Father died – brother executed

Karl Marx

Ideal from of government

Bolsheviks

October 1917

6. What did he do once in power? 7. Lenin is remembered as what?

Peace with Germany – exited WWI – took land from rich landowners & divided it up amongst peasants

Founder of Soviet Union

Czar Nicholas II https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OnTLEYbkds

1. At what age did Nicholas become heir to the throne? 2. What did he do starting at the age of 16? 3. When did Nicholas take the throne? 4. What kind of ruler was Nicholas & what did he believe in? 5. What did the revolution force Nicholas to establish?

12

Law at St. Petersburg & military school Nov. 1, 1894

absolute ruler – conservative – believed in divine rights

Basic civil rights – Duma (parliament chosen by universal suffering)

6. When did Nicholas take over the Russian Army? 7. Whose advice was Nicholas’ wife following? 8. What was the ending date of Nicholas’ empire? 9. When did his rule officially end? 10. What happened when the Bolsheviks took over?

September 5, 1915

Rasputin

March 12, 1917

March 15, 1917

Family assassinated

Joseph Stalin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otX9r5aun5U

1. Stalin referred to himself as what? 2. What does Stalin’s name mean in Russian? 3. When did Stalin effectively take control of the government? 4. Stalin helped the USSR to become what? 5. Stalin is known as what?

Man of steel

Steel

End of 1920s

A respected world power

Contributions to Soviet industry & one of deadly dictators in history

Leon Trotsky https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otX9r5aun5U

1. As a young man, Trotsky tried to spread what? 2. What group did Trotsky join right before the revolution? 3. Trotsky was 2nd to whom? 4. When the Bolsheviks took over in power, Trotsky was in charge of creating a what? 5. When Trotsky’s Red Army won the Russian Civil War, Trotsky unity the country as what? 6. What happened to Trotsky in 1927?

Socialism & unionize Russian workers

Bolsheviks Lenin

New army

USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

Thrown out of Communist Party & exiled

7. What happened to Trotsky August 21, 1940? 8. Trotsky lives on as what?

Killed by Stalin’s order

Martyr & what might have been

Russian Cheka & KGB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DWH5fx-ax4

1. Within a short period time, Cheka became what?

2. What names has it had over time? 3. Who made up a highly disproportionate role in the beginning of the Bolshevik regime?

Largest & cruelest state security organization

Cheka GPU NKVD KGB

Jews

4. Which leaders were this & at what percentage? 5. Who were some of the other key men?

Lenin: 25% Trotsky: 100%

Aron Solts Yakov Rappoport Lazar Kogan

5. Who were some of the other key men? 6. Who were the Dokhodiaga (Goner)?

Matvei Berman Genrikh Yagoda Naftaly Frenkel

Extremely emaciated prisoners on verge of death from starvation

Winston Churchill https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFUSLK2z6qI

1. What happened that made Winston Churchill a potential national leader? 2. Churchill returned to political power when he became when Britain declared war on Germany? 3. He became what less than a year later? 4. When did Churchill lose his title as Prime Minister? 5. When was he reelected Prime Minister? 6. Churchill gave a voice to whom?

Rise of Nazi Germany

1st Lord of Admiralty

Prime Minister

July 1945

1951

Common hope of the people

Adolph Hitler https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rZ4xwuAWFE

1. Many historians believe that Hitler believed his mission in life was to do what? 2. What was Hitler in WWI? 3. What did Hitler help to establish in 1919? What would it later become? 4. What did he write while he was imprisoned? 5. What does Hitler become in January of 1933? 6. What happened in June of 1941? 7. This started what?

Rid world of Jews

Corporal

German Workers Party Nazis

Mein Kampf

Chancellor Invaded Soviet Union

Largest land war in history

Russian Proletariat & Bourgeosie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proletariat

Proletariat… class of ______________(especially ___________ workers in a _____________society, whose only possession of significant _____________value is their labor power (______________) names the _____________that does not have ____________of the means of production and whose

wage earners industrial

capitalist

material

ability to work

social class

ownership

only means of _____________ is to sell their ______________ for a __________ or ___________

subsistence

labor power wage salary

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourgeoisie

Bourgeosie… class referring to people with a certain ____________ and ______________________ belonging to the ___________ or _____________ stratum of the ______________

cultural

financial capital

middle upper

middle class

According to Karl Marx, bourgeois was a ________________________ - such as a ________, __________, or _____________ - whose _________ role is society was being the _____________ intermediary to the _______________ and the __________ who worked the ________ of the lord.

self-employed businessman merchant

banker entrepreneur economic

financial

feudal landlord

peasant land

Comintern https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_International

The _____________________, abbreviated as _________ and also known as the _______________ (1919–1943), was an international ___________ organization that advocated world ___________. The International intended to fight "by all available means, including ___________, for the overthrow of

Communist International

Comintern Third International

communist

communism

armed force

the ______________________ and for the ________ of an international _____________ as a ___________ stage to the complete abolition of the State.

international bourgeoisie creation

Soviet Republic transition

White Russian Army https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_movement

A loose confederation of ______________ forces that fought the __________ in the _________________ (1917–1922/3) and, to a lesser extent, continued

Anti-Communist

Bolsheviks Russian Civil War

operating as __________ associations both outside and within ______________ until roughly ______. Overall, the White Army was ___________and Rejected __________________and __________. The White Army generally believed in a _________________ Russia, and opposed _________ who wanted to create nation-states instead of the ____________________.

militarized

Russian borders WWII

nationalistic

ethnic particularism separatism

united multinational separatists

Tsarist Russian Empire

Battle of Stalingrad https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad

August 23, 1942 – February 2, 1943

A major battle on the _____________ of World War II in which _____________ and its allies fought the ____________ for control of the city of __________ (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia, on the eastern boundary of Europe.

Eastern Front

Nazi Germany

Soviet Union Stalingrad

Marked by constant close quarters combat and direct assaults on _______ by air raids, it is often regarded as one of the single largest (nearly __________ personnel) and bloodiest (____________ wounded, killed or captured) battles in the history of warfare. It was a turning point in the _________ theatre of World War II; German forces never regained the initiative in the East and withdrew a vast military force from the West to replace their losses.

civilians

2.2 million

1.7-2 million

European

Red Square https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Square

A city square (_____) in ______________. It separates the _______, the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia, from a ______________________ known as Kitai-gorod. Red Square is often considered the _____________ of Moscow since Moscow's major streets, which connect to Russia's major highways, originate from the square.

plaza Moscow, Russia

Kremlin

historic merchant quarter

central square