Russia-EU RelationsRussia-EU Relations

Development and perspectives

HistoryHistory

1989- Soviet Union- EEC recognition 1992- Delors- need for new establishment 1994- PCA- Partnership and cooperation Agreement (in force since

1997) 1995- EU enlargement- Finland etc. 1999- Cologne- Common strategy on Russia May 2003- St. Petersburg- Four spaces May 2004- EU enlargement- Estonia, Poland, Latvia etc. 2004- European Neighbourhood Policy May 2005- final roadmaps

Institutional structureInstitutional structure

Summit- twice a year Cooperation Council- foreign ministerial level-

Permanent Partnership Council Cooperation Commitee- senior official level Sub- Commitee- expert level Parliamentary Cooperation Commitee

Four common spacesFour common spaces

Based on the PCA Treaties. Intensifïcation of the previous programmes.

Common Economic (European) Space Common Space of Freedom, Security and Justice Common Space of Cooperation in the Field of External

Security Common Space of Research, Education and Culture

Common Economic SpaceCommon Economic Space

More than 50% of Russian export goes to EU

Russia is fifth trading partner of EU (after USA, Switzerland, China and Japan)

Main partners- Germany, Netherlands, Italy

Total trade (2003) 84 bln. Euro (EU trade deficit 18 bln.)

Russian GDP= GDP of Sweden and Finland together (400 bln. Euro)

Raw materials and primary products- 79% of Russian export

Russian need in investment to the sector

EU is the biggest FDI source (Cyprus, Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom)

Total accumulated foreign investment in Russia- 38.5 bln dollars (9,4 last year)

Oil from Russia composed 16 % (2002) of the EU consumption

Basic facts

Russia´s main trading Russia´s main trading partnerspartners

Source: BOFIT

FDI into Russia FDI into Russia

Source: BOFIT

Common Economic SpaceCommon Economic SpaceAims of the Programme

Russian WTO accession Facilitate trade and investment Regulatory and legislative convergence Convergence in technical norms etc. Energy and enviromental questions

 

Common Economic SpaceCommon Economic Space

EU position Energy and enviroment Intellectual Property

Rights Four freedoms Energy as a part of CES

(domestic prices for Russian producers)

Transport- Siberian overflight charges

Russian position Narrower concept Priority just in separate

sectors Based on investment and

cooperation Long perspective Partial harmonisation Energy question separate

from other CES agenda

Points of Contradiction

Common Space of Freedom, Common Space of Freedom, Security and JusticeSecurity and Justice

Human rights consultations Judicial system improvementFree media Non- visa regimeFight the organized crime

Objectives

Common Space of Freedom, Common Space of Freedom, Security and JusticeSecurity and Justice

Russian interests Russian speaking

minorities in Baltic states Ratification the

Convention of Minority Rights

Terrorists extradiction Visa-free regime Kaliningrad question

EU position (esp. New member states)

Stress on human rights Border agreements Historical issues

(occupation) Situation in Chechnya Readmission Agreement

Common Space of Cooperation in the Common Space of Cooperation in the Field of External SecurityField of External Security

Intensification of dialogue Effective multilateralism Confront new challenges- WMD, terrorism, regional

conficts Cooperation in solving the problems Stress on the role of UN, OSCE, Council of Europe

Objectives

Common Space of Cooperation in the Common Space of Cooperation in the Field of External SecurityField of External Security

Question of Russian participation in EU decision making

Influence in neighbouring area- Transdniestria, South Caucasus

Presence of Russian „Peacekeeping troops“ in Georgia and Moldova

Points of Contradiction

Common Space of Research, Education Common Space of Research, Education and Cultureand Culture

The least problematic partSupporting the research and mutual

understandingTACIS and INTAS Programmes

European Neighbourhood European Neighbourhood PolicyPolicy

Adopted 2004 Programme of relations with „Wider Europe“ Not aimed at EU membership Create instruments for partnership Russia rejected to be included in this programme

– Need for special treatment– Equality of partnership

Top issues Top issues

Overall understanding of four spaces (separate or one all)

Near- Abroad concept- common neighbours Convergence in Foreign Policy Tariff protection

Challenges Challenges

Vague nature of Spaces Heterogenity vs. homogenity Different understanding of sovereignity Legal approximation- adoption of European law Unsolved questions from the past Question of common values Russian- Belarus close partnership Development in Russia

QuestionsQuestions

Are the relations bilateral or multilateral?What are the aims?How to handle with the contradictions?

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention