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Presentation on
Rural Roads: Changing Scenario &
Challenges Ahead
By:
N C Solanki
Director (Projects-I)
National Rural Roads Development Agency
Ministry of Rural Development
Government of India
Status of Road Network in India
• Total length of road network in India : 33 Lakh km
• National Highways : 79,443 Km
(2%)
• State Highways &
Major District Roads : 5,99,662 Km
(18%)
• Rural Roads : 26,50,000 Km
(80%)
Rural Roads80%
National Highways2%
State Highwaysand Major District
Roads18%
Source: MoRTH , MoRD
2
PMGSY- SALIENT FEATURES
• Launched on 25th December 2000 as a 100% Centrally
Sponsored Scheme.
• Aims to provide single all-weather road connectivity to eligible
unconnected rural habitations of having population upto 500 in
normal areas and 250 and above in hilly / desert / tribal and Left
Wings Extremism (LWE) affected / Integrated Action Plan (IAP)
Districts.
• Upgradation of Selected Road Works.
• Implementation through Planned Core Network.
• Project Implementation by the States/UTs
• NRRDA at National Level for technical support to MoRD.
• Implementation by the States- SRRDA at State level and PIUs at
district level.3
PMGSY- SALIENT FEATURES – Cont..
• Maintenance budgeted by the States.
• Three tier Quality Monitoring Mechanism at District
level (PIU), State level (SQMs) and National Level
(NQMs).
• Inbuilt 5 year maintenance by the same contractor.
• On-Line Monitoring through Online Management,
Monitoring and Accounting System (OMMAS).
4
Management Strategy
• Appropriate Institutional Architecture
• Systematic Network Planning
• Structured Project Preparation and Selection Process
• Setting Standards and Specifications
• Standardization of Bidding Process – e procurement
• Rigorous Quality Monitoring
• Need Based Training, R & D
• Web based Monitoring Mechanism.
Management strategy aimed at embedding quality awareness in all
processes of implementation put in place for PMGSY.
5
Current Status
Physical Progress
6
Scheme Total Eligible
Projects Cleared
(%age in
brackets)
Achievement
( Upto June, 2014)
PMGSY
Habitations (in Nos.) 1,78,184 1,44,612
(81%)
99,696
69% of cleared
Length in km
(New Connectivity)- 3,59,609
2,55,779
71% of cleared
Length in km.
(Up-gradation)2,24,906
1,96,631
(87%)
1,53,373
78% of cleared
PMGSY-II
Upgradation length (Km) 50,00011,234.68
(22.5%)Recent sanctions
Financial Progress
7
(Since inception upto June 2014)
Projects cleared
( Rs. in Crore)
Funds released to the States
( Rs. in Crore)
Expenditure by States
( Rs. in Crore)
1,82,692 1,13,322 1,16,590
*Including interest accrued of Rs..3,341 Cr.
Issues and ChallengesIssues and ChallengesIssues and ChallengesIssues and Challenges
– Developing a transparent and acceptable methodology for selecting projects,
and finalizing assignments with public participation.
– Creating capacity in the engineering organization to be able to prepare need
based DPRs keeping in view traffic and site requirements.
– Developing external institutional support for planning, DPR scrutiny and
technical HR capacity building.
– Contractor development by improving quality of contracts, developing
contracting capacity.
– Creating a quality control system with responsibility of contractor and
accountability of PIU, with independent monitoring.
– Improving project management skills by ensuring institutional development,
creating monitoring tools and laying down clear SOPs and enforcing them.
– Involving local Government and CSOs during the planning, execution and
utilization phases and interaction with local development processes. 8
• Creating maintenance consciousness, increasing dedicated funding for
maintenance and helping create maintenance management systems
and practices including community based maintenance.
• Creating processes to incentivise innovation and R&D in road
construction including use of local and marginal materials and
development of cost effective need based designs.
• Road Safety issues in design, execution and operation and linking road
safety features with local context.
9
Issues and Challenges Issues and Challenges Issues and Challenges Issues and Challenges –––– Cont..Cont..Cont..Cont..
PMGSY-II - Features
• Union Cabinet approved PMGSY-II on 1st May, 2013.
• Aims at consolidation of rural road network, to leverage the
gains of PMGSY-I, through upgradation of ‘Through
Routes’ and ‘Major Link Routes’.
• Guidelines published and posted on the website.
• All States/ UTs are eligible to Participate in PMGSY- II once
they substantially award PMGSY works.
• DRRP is the basis of PMGSY – II and not Core Network.
• Centre- State Sharing pattern : 75:25 [ Special Areas- 90:10]
10
PMGSY-II – Features – Cont..
• 12th Five Year Plan period target- 50,000 Km length
under PMGSY-II.
• State-wise allocation made based on the pro-rata basis
of length in PMGSY [20-25% of PMGSY Up-
gradationTargets].
• 6 States- Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka
Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh - sanctioned PMGSY II
roads. (11234.68 Km length sanctioned).
11
Changing ScenarioChanging ScenarioChanging ScenarioChanging ScenarioSocio Economic ImpactSocio Economic ImpactSocio Economic ImpactSocio Economic Impact
12
New/ Improved Rural Roads
Better transport, improved access and saving in travel cost
and time
Exploitation of resource potential leading to higher
incomes
Emergence of demand for new activities and
services
Development of small business at villages and road
junctions
Growth in tertiary activities banking, schools, medical
facilities,
public services, service sector employment
13
Socio Economic Impacts
Agriculture…..Livelihoods.. .. Income...
14
Use of Improved Seeds Fertilizers and
Quantity of Production ( % Households)
15Study 2007- 2010 , 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation, ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication
2011, CMI Social Research Centre , New Delhi , Ministry of Rural Development
Use of Improved Seedsand Fertilizers
Increase in quantity ofproduction
2.39
3.89
5.725.21
Vegetables and Fruits
Use of ImprovedSeeds and Fertilizers
Increase in quantityof production
9.42
11.8912.42
18.27
Cereals
Unconnected Habitations Connected Habitations
Cereals Pulses Vegetables, Fruitsetc.
64.47
8.07
27.47
42.74
11.6
45.66
Before PMGSY After PMGSY
Study 2007- 2010 , 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation. ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication
2011, CMI Social Research Centre , New Delhi , Ministry of Rural Development
Change in Cropping Pattern
Cropped Area ( % Households)
16
Mini Bus
Four Wheeler
UnconnectedConnected
4.18
2.48
8.04
3.3
Access to Agriculture Market
In minutes/Km.
17Study 2007- 2011 , 10 States, 33 Districts, 750 Habitation , 11,490 Households Publication 2012,
LEA Associates SA, New Delhi , Ministry of Rural Development
Study 2007- 2010 , 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication
2011, CMI Social Research Centre , New Delhi , Ministry of Rural Development
% Households Acquired Assets Post PMGSY
18
Farm Machinery Cattles and Poultry Birds
23.73
30.57
38.45
49.42
Unconnected Habaitations Connected Habitations
Increase in days Employed ( % households)
19
Uttar Pradesh Jharkhand Rajasthan
40.34
30.4
36.8
52.5751.07
53.16
Unconnected Connected
Study 2007- 2010 , 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication
2011, CMI Social Research Centre , New Delhi , Ministry of Rural Development
% Households Reported Increase in Realized Prices of Agriculture Products
Study 2007- 2010 , 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation ( 3 years prior &after ):Publication 2011,
CMI Social Research Centre , New Delhi , Ministry of Rural Development
20
Cereals Vegetables, Fruits andOthers
9.49
34.59
13.59
46.64
Unconnected Habaitations Connected Habitations
4466 4428
5176 5014
7006
5221
2007 2009 2010
Connected Habitations Unconnected Habitations
Status of Household Income (in Rs.)
Study 2007- 2011 , 10 States, 33 Districts, 750 Habitation , 11,490 Households Publication 2012,
LEA Associates SA, New Delhi , Ministry of Rural Development
21
(57%)
(18%)
Kerala
Socio Economic Impacts
Health Services
22
HealthcareInstitutional Deliveries (Child Birth)
76%
24%
Before PMGSY
Home/ Conventional Institutional Delivery (Govt hospitals, PHC/CHC etc.)
57%
43%
After PMGSY
CMI Social
Research
Centre
LEA
Associates 33% 67%(2009)
51%
49%(2011)
23
Maternal Deaths and Infant Mortality
24
ADB Study- 2005-06 to 2007-08, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Connected road- length of
550 km and serves 82 habitations.
-12.26
-7.98
-18.29
-10.28
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
% Change in Maternal Deaths % Change in Mortaility Under 5 Yrs Age
Unconnected Connected
Socio Economic Impacts
Education
25
% Females Enrolled in Schools
26Study 2007- 2010 , 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication
2011, CMI Social Research Centre , New Delhi , Ministry of Rural Development
Road Ahead
� Focus on Capacity Building through
orientations/trainings of field engineers.
� Relaxations for faster implementation in IAP areas.
� Engaging CPSUs under Tripartite agreement to augment
execution capacity.
� A Rural Road Maintenance Policy in all States to ensure
long term sustainability of road assets.
� State Quality Monitor (SQM) and National Quality
Monitor (NQM) inspections enhanced with use of IT
intervention to ensure qualitative improvement.
� Focus on cost effective technologies and marginal
materials in the rural road construction.
� Cluster approach in sanctioning projects in difficult areas
in place of Comprehensive New Connectivity Priority List
(CNCPL). 27
Socio Economic Impacts
Other Impacts
28
Rural Access
before PMGSY and After
29
Rural Access
before PMGSY and After
30
Rural Access
before PMGSY and After
31
Machinery & Equipments in PMGSY
32
INNOVATIONS
RCCP- Karnataka
Water conservation along CDs Gravel Roads
33
Hill Cutting in difficult terrainArunachal Pradesh
34
Earth Work in Plain Terrain
35
Field Quality Checks
36
Construction of Base Course
37
Bituminous Layer Construction
38
Roads Built in Forest Areas
M P
39
40
