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RTI, Jammu 1
Employee Training and Career Development
Presentation by:
RTI, Jammu
RTI, Jammu 2
Session Overview
Why is training important?
What is the purpose of training?
What are principles of training?
What are different methods for training employees
How to determine training needs?
How to verify effectiveness of training
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Learning Objective
By the end of the session, the learner will be able to state the need for employee training as also the different methods of training individuals. In addition he will be able to state the various stages of career development.
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Basic Concepts
Training is a learning experience It seeks a relatively permanent change in an individual that will improve his ability to perform on the job. Training can involve the changing of skills, knowledge, attitudes, or social behaviour.
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Basic purposes of training
To increase productivity
To improve quality
To help an organization fulfill its future personnel needs
To improve Organizational climate
To improve Health and Safety
Obsolescence prevention
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Principles of training
A training programme should be prepared with due thought and care and it should serve the purposes of the organization as well as the needs of the employees.
Trainees tend to be most responsive to training programmes when they feel the need to learn.
Learning is more effective when there is reinforcement in the form of rewards and punishments.
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Training and learning
Training is an organized procedure by which people learn knowledge and acquire the skills they need for a definite purpose. . Training is rooted in the learning process; and learning is that human process by which skills, knowledge, habits and attitudes are acquired and utilized in such a way that behaviour is modified. Training causes learning, a process that takes place within the trainee.
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Theories of learning
Two major theories:1. Cognitive view2. Environmental perspective
Social-learning theory- a blend of both.This theory acknowledges that we can learn by observing what happens to other people .
Role of models
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Role of Models
Attention process;
Retention process;
Motor reproduction process;
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Principles of learning
Learning is enhanced when the learner is motivated.
Learning requires feedback
Reinforcement increases the likelihood that a learned behaviour will be repeated
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Principles of learning
Practice increases a learner’s performance
Learning begins rapidly, then plateaus.
Learning must be transferable to the job.
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How to determine training needs?
Management to answer following four questions:
(1) What are the organization’s goals? (2) What tasks must be completed to
achieve these goals? (3) What behaviors are necessary for
each job incumbent to complete his assigned tasks?
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How to determine training needs?
(4) What deficiencies, if any, do incumbents have in the skills, knowledge, or attitudes required to perform the necessary behaviors?
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Training methods
On the job
Off the job
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On-the job training
Learning by doing
Most common method “Apprenticeship programme”
Drawbacks:
1. Low productivity
2.Errors made by trainees while learning
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Off the job training
Class room lectures
Films
Simulation exercises
a)Case studies
b)Experimental exercises
c)Complex computer modeling
d)Vestibule training
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How to evaluate effectiveness of training?
Test-retest method
Pre-post performance method
Experimental control method
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Methods for developing managers
On the job developmentCoaching
Under-study assignments
Job rotation
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Methods for developing managers
Off the job developmentFormal lecture courses
Simulation exercises
Simulated decision games
Role play
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Career Development
Career can be defined as a sequence of positions occupied by a person during the course of a lifetime. Concept as relevant to unskilled workers as it is to engineers or doctors. The word career does not imply advancement, success or failure. An organization must have an effective career development programme so that its effectiveness in managing its human resources increases
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Effective career development programme
Assures that needed talent will be available.
Improves the organisation’s ability to attract and retain high talented personnel.
Reduces employee frustration
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Career stages
Exploration
Establishment
Mid-career
Late-career
Decline
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What should organizations do for effective career development ?
Challenging initial jobs
Dissemination of career option information
Career counseling
Continuing education and training
Periodic job changes
Sabbaticals
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What should individuals do for their career development?
Engage in self assessment by adopting following three-step approach:
1. 1. Identify and organize your skills, interests, work-related needs, and values.
2. 2. Convert these inventories into general career fields and specific job goals.3.Test these possibilities against the realities of the organization
