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RTE R&D challenges and
activities
Realistic Data for challenging problems: an internal TSO R&D perceptive
GRID DATA Kick-off meeting, DENVER
March 2016
Patrick Panciatici Scientific Advisor
RTE is the French transmission system operator.
RTE owns and operates the largest electricity grid in Europe:
– 100 000 km of EHV and HV lines (from 400 kV to 63 kV)
– 2600 substations
– Peak load served > 100 GW (60+ million inhabitants)
– 8500 staff
Financial figures
– Turnover: 4 593 M€ (2015)
– Annual Investment: 1 402 M€ (2015)
Missions
– Asset management
– Electricity flows management
– Grid Access management
RTE overview RTE OVERVIEW
► Key Figures: – 130 people + PhD & master students
– External contracts
~ 25 M€ per year regulated incomes
~ 1.5 M€ per year European and national collaborative projects
► Significant part of the activities = Development of
methods and tools to support decision making processes. – For system operation, market operation, grid maintenance and
grid development .
► We are the successors of people like J. Carpentier (first
formulation of ACOPF, 1962) at that time in EDF and we are
modestly following their footprints ….
RTE: Research and Development activities
► Challenging Problems Context
Increasing complexity
Advanced optimization methods
► Realistic modeling Use cases
Some modeling issues
► Realistic Data
►Conclusion
RTE overview OUTLINE
►Some people said that large power systems are the
most complex industrial systems built by humankind.
► The energy transition (wind/solar generation:
intermittent and possibly dispersed) and low public
acceptance of Overhead Power Lines increasing even
more this complexity
► More Volatility + Less “Copper/Iron/Concrete”
Intelligent solutions based on ICT and software
►Advanced methods and tools to support the decision
making processes Optimization problems
RTE overview CHALLENGING PROBLEMS: Context
Increasing Complexity
6
Stochastic complexity: weather conditions and
human behaviors
►Problems: find “optimal” decisions for system
operation, market operation, grid maintenance and grid
expansion.
► Definition of an acceptable risk is a prerequisite and
look head approaches are mandatory.
►Different types of very challenging optimization
problems, not only “market clearing/unit commitment”
Risk based “optimal” preventive actions taking into
account contingencies, uncertainties and “automatic”
corrective actions (post fault)
RTE overview CHALLENGING OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
► Advanced optimization methods to solve all these
challenging problems. Example: Convex relaxations of ACOPF
ACOPF : Core of many other more complex optimization problems
without global solution or at least good lower bounds for this internal
ACOPF, impossible to prove that we can find a feasible solution for the
upper level problems.
• Mixed integer non linear optimization, “branch& bound”: relaxation of integer
variables ACOPF
• Chance constrained programming based on sampling & discarding Multi
ACOPFs
► Research teams propose new methods but we need to
define relevant use cases with associated realistic
modeling and realistic data in order to evaluate them
RTE overview Advanced Optimization methods
► Find the “optimal” topology : statuses of breakers
► Find the “optimal” taps of Phase Shifting Transformers
►Find the “optimal” active power flow set point for HVDC links embedded in
AC grid (DC in // with AC)
► Find the optimal setting of “automatic” corrective controls (RAS,SPS,…)
► MVAR planning: when, where, how much capacitor/reactors banks?
► Outage management, Grid expansion planning, ….
We need a realistic modeling for all the required devices
and processes …..
RTE overview EXAMPLE OF “EXOTIC” USE CASES
► Generator Capability Curve ("D curve") or (P,Q,V) 3D domain
► Node-Breaker modeling for Bus merging/splitting
► Phase Shifting Transformers: for some types reactance depends on tap position
► HVDC links: Reactive/voltage modeling (LCC VSC)
► Capacitors/Reactors banks (large banks)
► SVC, STATCOM, Series Compensation ….
► “Automatic” corrective actions: RAS, SPS, ..
If {some condition} then {action} …
►Open issues: Dynamic Line Rating
Modeling of active Distribution grids for Transmission grid studies
Simple and efficient format required: CIM is perhaps not the right
solution for a computational platform and MATPOWER format seems too poor
RTE overview Some Modeling Issues
► The size of the grid (number of buses/branches) is not the only
important parameter.
► Proposed methods must be robust to real life numerical values:
typically reactance values from 1 to 1000
► if Actual Grid Data are confidential, we believe that it possible to
change and to anonymize them while keeping the same range of
values (same pdf) and complexity
RTE had already provided large realistic European test
cases in MATPOWER and will provide more in this initiative
RTE overview Realistic Data
RTE overview Conclusion
►Very challenging optimization problems ►Research teams propose new methods
►Need to define relevant use cases with
associated realistic modeling and realistic
data in order to evaluate them RTE supports and participates to the GRID
DATA Project
+ THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
www.rte-france.com