(~HJLDUOOD I 1MU IZATION AND IJrtOi'\()('AST PROGU ... \M \-IES I N .ros OUT II LOCA GOYE.RNMK~T AkEA Ol'~ PLATF.At l STATI•:

.t Nd~jid~ \/I.A., (M.A.) ...,,.Pat~Un k4:' r..TTtMUB }~ .•. l bllnmiO.s .• ( I<'Wi\CI,) .,lfl:r,urt!~1<'nf ~~1 i\tl.f.'i-.1( (. "ommu•ri ... <-tiirH.', i'C:derTd Pol;l~t~clmic: A It~ hi. Aei, m~c~ wa ,'\'Idle' • . ".:r.~~:.·r'U.J. ··nf:'purfr11(•f1t ~1_/l'.u.E·diurr.i···' · UJ1i~'('r.~·;~~· (J(.l~ ... n.•at.'itl.n~ !f.1.tpi1o!. Noll'•W ,')Joft', r\'t~'l!rJti. "'' Jkfk.rrllmm; ~~n i)mmrmr~' IJ"t!~~fff1. f ... d('m/ Mf:diml <.."l:nint. (hnt, Orido ,\T/(r/r:', .\'i~·riu

CtJrrf: . .,prmd~'•cot: 'luijidil M.A

e-nwU • ndiji41( r"•~b 'tlftfJt) L·fi•l~ l"lront' N'o. lft'i,13ol~fJ ... .,963

All ' 'fKAt:'l ' iltl.r..*;:nJumJ. b1mUmi.:~rOrm ha., hc.'I!~J .f(umt.l W h~· a L'irw' t·r,mrmm~ru in ~.-·hiMhmJd .mrt•;1'<U ,·tnFIL•p,,i . 8rcJaJca"l pmpi'Offltrtf? tlw• lJfr,·.:mJnall! Jrr.e m Jurm£tlimJ an J?oJ W 'l ftJJI) 111!\' ;tl ll'<'d i rt .Vigerw. Thh -simi· ~~imf'd jo wwly ... rt drildho.m1 brriJUJniZ~Irum ,md bnJ'''k~J','fr f~r'ogrmrrm~~ in JoJ. .X~~<rfh l ,rh'i Jf ( ;m•t:nTim·•JI

A 'l!a-•J/ Plate(.!~• K/aft.!.

Mttlu}.(IS .4 ch•.n . ..-iplin: l'flJ.~\'rl'ier:l;mtal .~uu(v l11td t."f.lrtU.'W ww(~t~.vt1· were do·tr..' . . Four f'm~ IJwf tJ1·(Jiiwr' ~!I <'hildr<'n lt'5-.'llhm1 ji'f-'('. ·ears H'eft' -~i udie(i JkreJ,opm.au J\ f~drt~ 1 hof'm") cmd c 'ommrmh-tr' icm_lor l"t>n :t• fJ.i r ~~ t 7'h~t"l' 'IJ'tJ_,. at..Jtrplr!d M(}lhcr 'I .te}eaion wa,· rlm)IJXi~ ,m~lti.!if(Jge .w:rmp{i,~ ft'dm;~rw' . .1 (J fht- hrthl("lal.~l projJ!mmme .... 011' imrrmn:z~rh~t1 fn PRTJ· ·r • f~ rlhirr ~I {XI"il}{t ~~ elghl munfhj (.lumwr·v !0 Au~r.r: I ](JJ ..Jt n ('.l''(!

11mJiyved jc1r ~·on.lf.•nl. l>attt gPn.trlrfi!dfor sutvey ww· ef'lh' l't!cl [u~d ~mu~J>' ·e-..i u.\t~JX Sluli!J.'lk£d P.adu.r,g~·fi:w ,\'uduf ~\'detu:e fSr.\'~J •'C'P".\'ftm' /6. ".Wf/WW".(!.

Rf!~~~U; .'-'1aiQrh)·•~fll~i! woRren (5 .J. ]%) w~r.£:" bcri •'Yrw.r2'5·J~ yt::crr.)·. Rw fiL"£fCin•t.\·roP1 n"LI' 'lr..: 1rur;ri .Will'ct." ul OIJ'{Jrene.~.,. (~r ZY5(:' 4%), .-1 nnn~g fhv:u: wlw u·""re- ,r:r,r,crn:• tJr ul~m~cn~;t.Jitrm rlmm~h l•nKrtk;,~sl

(l'lll."!iol fdcvi. ion) pm,r.:t.tamme, ~Y.J% partirJjmted rn childhood immuni;;utmn 4.;omp,rr ... ·d i rJ 75~ umong tho,_\'(' 1 ~.·no Lvt'rt~ rtCf/ (JH' 1rf! thmPf~h hr.H.rde,a:;.,· p m!:rammes f' < O.UO I. A l.w . ct11Wl1R, t hcJ.w ll'ho ~ 1 ('f'4• n l l'•~·n·

lhl'rmgh hnJ-ad£:cL\'l , Y /. 1~%/itifr li.I'II,WJliz.f!~l 1 ht..•tr chiM~n while vn~r fiO. 0% /11l'l · mnnuni; <t·li tlwtr drHdn.l'fT ~.rm1mg 1hnse ,p/ro 11'.f:'n1 rmt iPiil.'trrl! lhr,>ugh hnn.tikH.'if p-< (J.iJtJl. On rutJio i.md Jderr•;io.t1UrmmltU.'.t't1U!ftl

u~..-co,,liNi fa:r n 1 ~..-. ,md MJ% ~'~-'.~pe.:Ji,·e{~~

("OJtL'Jwriml' ." flnJtkktW f~rtJr;rammeS O(r~ <'f~jit.lf,•Uf!(( irntllltnJ:.uiJUfl .,Jrmtf~J ht! ;;~ t!n'IT qmoT/cfl,t ,o.dn:tfafr:J pt'cJ~rwPtmin.ar n,l hrrnul.t: .. ur .-.ta:lii~r.." .t.t1?1.f f'W~ rmly '''he J-f r!Jere is .cr jhlM Uf~ (.,'t.~mp"igrr f'Ms n•ilf kr:f1p rrrvlh~rs crbri!~I:SI o/lh:t imfNJ,.I~mc:~ cJl tiJmu.m f;:aJirm (n~i t'!d''"(~/;: 11eu · mofh(,·,.,.·. un ;he l'l{•t)d to immuni=f' Jl11!41'

c:hifdre!n

In • r(H)uctio n lmrnuni7:ahon nO..<; bt:~n found lQ b..:- ~ viLn.J tiJJl'lpom.·n• an c.tr i I dlumd s.u rv i val strategy. C hildhuod V4U' t.: me - pr.;vcnla.b le d i~t:a sc rmm tin isaUtl;J'I is 11 un.h rrsnl in~~rvr;nl lun. ni1 r1 i n~ for I OOOo cn,•r:m~r: nf ~he! population. 'fhe bcndi•s or i rn mum;; a1 mn for e h' I d hoi)J ,,.. ace inc· pr~ven\3hlc c.l i ~:;iSCS. extend from Lhc- inr! lv idurll•o \bl:: f~\y ~nd t'he \1\li\Oik:·po-pu\a.•;i'.'n l.n ~et~.t1'. l mmllni~•i~·n f=.~s:s f{:' liee on ;tg. a~e¢ptl11 4;:e- ;~.qd hl~;,h covernBe. rlo"'c.,..cr. ~nf~t i o.n, immtu,olo:gy, 'o'OCC i~Jm~vn. mld public h r:alLh i.1 ru it Uri nsjt"".i:l ll)' Ot·~mpl'l!x. 'l'h:; ~su I ' {J f thi<:> eomp le~iL)' ~s Lb:U. I tl

•he past ti}C" acceplnn~~ o !' i1'rrriiUn i2ill ion re[itd h~avi ly un .u t.::ombio.ali<u• of h~bit, publ ic flc-allh patemalis.Ln and leg•"'l;tlifHi . ruday"s h~.JIIh CU[JSUll .t·rs :.n..: acr;x:ptl ng I css ot' hl1ruil [~ulh :t1ld rnl.o; t., and dt:mLlndiug for mo•~ cl ~tri~y .ol'wi1y thcy :;;hou ld i mmun.ize tn~ir chi I Uli~.:n. TIL is is lbC."L<1llse ul ~ ht' unc::r1aint)' ori:s.ingfrom the ,,,~u;ijn~ d"Cbttt:;' hir:h is S'Cct.l as :;.m o.ppun-m;\\y ro ~rirrg, <n~"'t'nTII lo t~ihu' unre I ah~u ~au~..:s ~uch t~:-- aulr ::01n I)C\d tm.1Jtip.e S(."k rosi :i • 0 rnup.~ rh.11l he l•e \ e> in ;<;m;h ~" be hJ[;hly orgL'!nizcd an ~ "'' IC'.a I in [h~i r ~t1brLs \Q r.:ni'llild~ parent. lhaL v~C£Lfil. .. 'S ~!Ji: nn~s l~am.l ool rtcedttd.

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c 'lk Ill us~.· r-.'1 i• • ~mt.l li,' IC'\. ISic m tm tmk:;cs.l• ng. lo

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ln he.Litl L • .

At the ~1 d of I lecf"trnh~:r 7.0 ~ I . Phne:ltl ~!t'ltt 11ad t:~:l'l .... l.TJJgt' mu:rHH ri~hon "l''-1.--r'ai!C rnlc of (,2o/~~o:

\."''hich feiJ Dt.-ltJ'L ... li n.· t},5% tar-~ ... ·t s...:l b)' lho,; k·\:tkml M tn i..,1 n• o I' Heabh ll !:> tile Nat i urtal t;r r~t ... t l{u lh.; y1.,2r. '. ~'L!~L'i4Hr.s fi) r rll ~~ lu\\' t."U 'I, ..:mge i;a 1h.c st.;ne mnjot"l~ inch.uk: lnr.:c~t.nL .:;LrikL<S 1by l lli! Local gd\'ernm~nl !1eaJth wortcr~. l h~ numr;:ruus C..'QI ~1 1 11 uH1JI r:tt.!:t::'~ that t~ccurred w j thin U•e stLltc. ~ ru~l of imm•r n i.t~n ion I t'j rei i l:!,lOUS ~.:ls ilnd fX 'llr aWaJ'C'OCS"> abotU llh: roh: or inm1UIIi1..:"11~UD i~~

.• ~ I >. pi«.',,,. ~,;n L ~ r'l~ 1,1• " L; ;;L"k'S. .

hnlllw ~ r .t.<.Ltim• hC'. ilancy. lurvc h.;ul ilt negu th •..: impact on qu;, i n~liuu uplak.L..'. Tlu~ l t..a!li. rc~ullcd 1n

s.<Jmt: i~;:sur~~m;r: u f' \'~<.:t.:i trlt: pl\.•\'cnlablt.: d1SJ..<:t~·::.~ and 1 11~ OL"C um:ncc of .,;.~ustered outbH:·-.~,ks :Sl!iCh a~ tlllo.:.-as:les: and polio in -childrc'l1 l lnll~r- fivc1

(C'a1ms 4!1. :.1 I. 2006) 11ais h.us b~eu l~ r~cly :.mribulecl •n low k~·d vf ::~v.o:m~n~sf> llmon~ p ~pul<H.:e aniJ mr sonm:cpl io ll.'i ilOOUl i m111 urti:t.ii:J• ion", n1c I'C~,;~t)t c.Jmp m immun izuTi'On t.:(~\·~mge in Ni~:cria from 7::!1% i t ~ 2{1 Ul ln 52"'/ ... in ~'1 12 ha~ kft mor~1han .l.l' m iBlou c.hildren ;,,L 111c age- o l 12 mon th. .. c;

unim munrt.c:d ~drJ~ ng lu Lhc ex isLtD~ large JXtt•l Hf .s~c~pl iNc under·fn·es. wh i~ h o;;4.HIId lcild t 1.1'

t.)U[ Orcoa'k!,; uf \'<R .. l:ti\1:!-()IC\iCntabhz dhla~ ut.: rn 'S

fl\1.." t.:mtnlry (N IPilCD~ 2.4H 41). I he r~ ts .-~. n.:t.:d 't~ lt..no\'t lm~~o· LIR· broa ... icast pmgr-t:~nmlt.' ..:on tril'u1e

d 11 ]t.l h11ml l llllliLtm:.rat 1 Lm. ~ ln.s :<il ud ~· Lhr:rdnn::

\tinwd u1 d..:tcm1in ing I he t:'·UntribtJLiun ~.ar · bru;ult;.;t~t p n IJ:! t111111..; ll tt...l •i 1-.i It LIC.~ I t L lUl l lUI ti".•t i 1 ~r~

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f"t"n.m r.•.i1m "lhc.1n :~ Lmtl 1 !Jt"OI'~I,

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11dc.l. i~m lt ~ n:-;~:~ ~~fl." pn:tlULl 1 inah .. :Jy ftmm.l tn UJ!.!' tirld cJ" m.l·, t:rli ::tin~ McGuin.: tWO I) hfghti~ln.t."tl t\<r'~h ·,.:- I rllC'r\k(J'C'IldFI td(' !iil r;"llS i n tlllo! I'JI'Uitt,'$:'; of

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order l1.1 a.s.~mi l :llc i..lnd pcr~l~m:n ~~ De:'~ bt."bcn iour. a 'f'K"r'~ 111 shnttld • Be cxpo!:>..:t.l l o ibt: ml.'SSiil~-:.

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• Fi nJll i llt0f1:Stlllg 0 r JXr.':IQrwll) ll'Cic' rmL • l J n.d~rsr.and it. • Hgtul;· out M\\ th.e ne\\' bcha•riotlli c-oul'd ~h ln

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conlex:l~ o.- !i~ltUdio ns. • M-~:~ke rlcc~s:iQ rtJ;, on ~h~ lut!i i_o:; tl f the relnc'\cd

In ro·.nni'll i~·n ~ mcs:st~gc. • Bcl~ave in lil~ w ithth<d th.:\ij~'l..lfl ,

• R t.:t.:Cj\·e f.!u.:->ili:,• ~~: n:inron:cmt:fll f~..tr 1 l1~1

b ~hn\ .iO\Ir • ln••.:j:?rnlcthcncw be~ pti(tutintfJ. bi..~i~)rtlfrHI€: .

Thi~ mndc I a ls.o !nlg~~sts. lhaL thcsr t.v.1:lvr- slcps ~m..· intcrdepef!dcJJt, A!;hie Vii nt~ any of -rnen1 is strictJ ~· ~!Jfdin~~~;:nl un ~-tocc~ :d all p ri:nr sl.e:p~ ~1dJ.w1r~'s s lep:.. tor penm'llsion .:,ul pro"' id..:- :;:. :11 id f ramework for hrtl'iJtlca.St p ., ll!., ro.J.Illfll~:s i 11 di SSA.::ITI~ rt:11 1 ni:.:. in lhrrnr.~,t ioll o n Lht: tmpuli"Wm::ot: u f ch t ldhm )i.J

inl.m~o.mii.cumn t~) nm,til(!'l"~ t)f"child rL'f'l vf 'u)Jt.::-t li.\ t:

yt.:~r.; vf ag~ b~ pac-kn,ging protrnmn1.:s 111 i311

i nt<t:rt.Sling md p:r~u.uSI\· i.!' t,\'<i) ;md ltgut IILI:!.HLit lmw

it cvuld ft.L in Lht> :uudi~m.:~ wiJ · l}f 11fc. I ht,· rr~~nm·"H'I1 c.:s. wHI al S(l· tl1ie .I anguage~ um.Lt:rslu~lll b;'!­, he pt;;.-oplr: i o t·ornmumc ilh~ mtonK1tion ahmtl thL .. imrort..tr.~~,;.-: of ell ildhood im rmm i·,....utF£m. ·n1;.;: . irrttl ~ 1 I ~ro~ammes whic.h \\ill be uhk to n.rokc Lite mn1 hl:'r~ ,)1' ch ildrrn undr:: r ti\'re year~ 1Jf .J.~.: th i tt~ t.>l' 1h1: Illt,;SSf!J::I; In n;:J.t;.\Lnl ClllliCXi~ U l' :-;i1Ll..1l~UI I~ o.:'iUl ~ pad age. and COITlDl'Un j •t•L(:c.J [JI E~l ht,: r h )r Ll iL'tl l HI

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makt:' tlt"l· i siHn~ vn the bu-.;i.s ut' 1h .... t\!ll'in·t>J 1111t'li11illtiot~ anll hr..'h~rn.: j Ll l in • \\- i lh • h;JI Lkt.:1~1nn .

I he ..:rm~mu r1 u:••li, •n I'L'r-:11.1-: ir\n IUQ~kl h ;i~ ··.nrit!r:u 1~oh.';r l•t.·alrll ~· .. m111HU'Uc\l it>n fliJI'li..: lur l ~ 11; ll~lll }o!. nn: .... 'i m.:Ji.l . n ;i~ mvtl.c] Ira::. hr..· ... ·n lt~d 111 .L ... ; If h.: I)

Ill \~ i.l~ :- I l ie=--~. Inc i ndc- ' he:' ~ '(<JITI imr Lll)J1 l~ r l ' rll r ~tlr let · d ~~ 1' iuu 111 n~spnnsr: f<l rnt: ~;1gr.::-. .

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rr 1:-. htl !h tJ rlo 1 1~ lnl KI~I. TJ11.~ moll~! rnn aJ~;t, help rmr:! i ~i<.Hli.'r'' ltl i-~.11:1~1 tl) ; lrkl ~,.·1m~Lder .:h~11ne I ~ ; 1 nd ~l l' il l ~gi ~:-. 'l h~1 t 'J.Il inll w:nr.:c Lh..: L';tmptJr ~ rr C HLll Ulll 'S . th \. ~rr I h 1.! L~ Il l phasi S. Clll ca..; h SLLlgO.:. 'l."ild I m ..:.:'~i;IJ..!-1.." ~··~~ c~rn h·~ 1..':'\a nrtn~ I() r 1m p.1..: t ••J1JX I 'pti.lh ' f1\ "~;S :1r1ci ~nee I i 'It l: rtl'~~-

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nil- H~-t'di:t ~·n rlS!'i-.[ irt rronml i n~· N .lfh)l1.'11

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sod~l ~.:•·do[lln.:n l .1rn1 ..r rd rn ~ snr.:•~ ·L~ .rl J;arJ:.!.\' pLtll rng r n~n cc~gm~unt 1hl· r t1Hur.: .1nd l:m).!,un~t..·s ot the J101 I in 11

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1'11i" i~ a tln~~ 1 r pl 1' ' · &;h 1 -.;..;,-~·.:tr~)1in I • ~.'io;, l rd r 1 a• IU>r~4.:' t t,•·,~,; vf ~'•n l!} 1 11~ll 1uLI :ur~ L·uo crrL ~ r nal J~.b . Sl!f'i.:J ·w>l."i i.:~r rrit.:d vul ~v ~.r~u,-. 11!..:- J..:- ·· ci vi· aw~mmt.>s~ nf 'hlltHHu~l i mmu f)i1'41 lH,n Ll1nnu.:h hm.i,Jt":..,!il pmgrn mm~s. .and 1u ass.;!,:-;;; •he I eo' c I ,ftl

IXIrl i~io~titlll of" mo1hl.!r.-; o l dlJi drt::u Jc~~ l l tilrl i1\~

)'..:t'lr$ in childhoo._l immuni1;11ion. Also bmodl.!tlsl I'Wttnuuut\.'." u l' J•l;:u eo.u Jt~u.J i() Tch:\' it itJn ('orJX~r<.Uion (PR1'VC). J.l:... tHlunmuni7..alion wen: """' JJuau:d 10 K.lmuJY the li nlll of ptOgn:tm•""-"' tll.lt '-''-"n.'trn~alllh.\1 to 1r.cn.·~ nwli.~~.-Ts parttc•p:ll••·m •n l.!luldh~-. ·...1 inultOm?:ttion. 'l"he choiC'l' ot' dus Muhon w:1)C un lh\." basis elf il hcin~:- nn indik(C~m~ ' 1:11ion 1h:ll 1r:u 1~Jtlil$ b1lt!h f'.ttho (me1 lt,:h'vi!'i(ll1 rrclt_!J';Ulilll~-..; \\'ilh \\ iLh:r \.'0\ (.'r.q.;1.• ~nJ a<:bJ)l.tlhii iiY ul ('n'!;r.)11111l<"OIJ; n h'C:Jidini~XI.

J•OJ)UI:ttiOII (urI h t SIU\I)'

lite popUiallon VI' Study i~ :t IU(ijl'l g.roup which Ilk h.:~archer is 1ntcrco.:tctl in .slud)'uag. FoJ thCMII'VI.!Y )ltld:. the •~arch poput:uion compri.~ ut :dl OMh(rs: of Chtldn.'ll undt!'f lh.: )<:iUS of :ICC 11\'iOS in Josn·onh LQ;\ uJ Pl~l..::t• • ~ntc

(\lnlcnt analyS.il:l foclts.td 4.\n all ~:pisodl'$ uJ bro~l JWOc;nmlmc.."'S ~'-ai l:.h1~ io mdiu aOO kfc, t.'!>Klon un Ul1111:UruzD1tOn am:d txt" .. ...., Jtt.nuat'\ nnd , \ugu..,a. :':V14. •

SIUIIt)lcsh,c Ill\.' t-stimu1L'tl ~mplc "•7..: wns deiermin~.·d by ~in)l1: tbt rom.u.IJ ror lteqoripci'e srudy.To ~t'e QJIO\\~IlC'(.' lbr in.:ornrlet.e n:,ponsc. 5% of rhe "alculat-::d t~:t~npli! -.ize '" :•~ :u.k.k;J. to rt>Und u() 1h.: $l.Unplc si·.-c 111 JUO. Hen.c;~ a ~;;:unplc siz~ of 400 "'••~ '.m·d .

Co.nt~nl t\n:~l~sb: Alit~ bro.tt.k.<N Pfc>ymrnmcs 111t imouJtnr.mnn m PRTVC "-tlhin a ptYiUiJ ut ttJ;hl rnunth:,. (J tmu~ry 10 Au~u5t 2014) '"ere J.nal).scd.

"-:.Jnpling TMhnj.qut: Scln:tron of subjt.-c.ts '\\85

•luoc using muhmag< s:.mrtlrna t;."ChniqUt" Thrs "':bdv~ 1.0 •hrt"' .!lt.agcs I n eochorthe housetwld. unly om· mo!lrcr ofchiklr~r· •u1dcr live y~:.rs ofo~.:­wn~ clig.iblc ( i.e \\ h~n rlJOh: I han one motl'h!r of Children oftwldcr fi.\~ ) ' t'd .r':r. ufa~C was round U1 a h .... t..cbofd. "'"I> ont motha ~;&) stlectcd tbrou~;b b.tllolut~ and whe-n there \\as no clit;lble t~;spundo:nt in 11 hot~S~:ho·IJ. dh,' ne:<l conliSU('IUS lmu"'ehohJ wa.-. scll.:cft.'t.l)

Cunlc-nl Anaf)(h All tw'<l34.ku" ~~on mvnun~iun :w~il3bl.e bct""eli!n the pcriOIJ ur JMUJC) 11nd Au~~ 2014 '-''ere uJOd

S un·cy method: The r.:sa rcht:r a11d the tn•incU research ass:is1anas adminis:ttrOO d1c qucst.ionnaJres w the mothc:ts of childn..~ under fh-e years ot :~gc

and cutlJuctcd the inl~·r\'itw.

Coutt nt An.alysit: Codiu~; :~h~-..:1'1 WM us~.'tlco pl::-t ;.'ll tltl c-unl~'fHS into ,.-.th:~urks ' I hi:, hdpOO. in c.;<~mirunl! llk.' 11\."t(U..~fk·~ uf 1hc 'miulb itl"II\S 1o t-.· .mJt}sed

. un t)' Me-thod· 11N.· tl:1ta nlfi~'CI<d lOr SW\\.')"

nlCth,)rl;l lhmugh tatll'sticnooin.-s ~u' dorumenh.:d .tCl-.'ltt!ing ld the rc,pondcnt nsp.)n-.c:i ltl lhc (IUO:~Iivun:un.•. O:tll'l Mt!ll~r<th:d v..-:- ..:ullutl.'d :11MI

unJI):..c\,.1 \Win;; Stufi~ll~ol 1-'a...::k~l~.: IQr Social Science (SPSS} \'t't.>u.m I(, 0 sofh,.:l~ I hese were pR'.lO('nlcd tn tabJo .Jli.J dMns. Dc~ri(\1.i'c .staWliu "'4!1\.' dune '"'hik t:hi~"'JUJ~ t~)l Y.Js u~·tl tO dch:rrnint: ~uso\!iattnn h !?'tweetl tatcguncnl ''arinblcs.

ContC"nl A o:llysis: ~-\ J~p:i\'f st:lli:,.ltc usu1g J)t.orc-enM~>« was us..-d In :'W'Ial~~ the da&a pm;t"ntN in a l:.blt:

Rt.!iulh l bc JinJt c~OI) nt 3n.l.lysis mchu.k'-d the d3ta elkitl~ lmm mot!tcf3: of children of u~cr th·c \'('.;at'S

of :lg¢ Of' the 400 qt.h.·~tlunnalr\:5 ndn•itu:..\~'t'Cd: onfy 395 <:Otlies were l'ttrl~' to\L lh·c was lett out due "' i.nc!Jntplc.lc response in"tplying thut the tlta.ttysis is bas<d OJttltc n :SjlOO"C or )VS mothtrs. Most or the respondents ''ere '" uhm the age croup of 25-1..1 }:e:)rs. (54 2%). lafl!d) Christlru~;;; (71 Qtfit) ;.md rnarri">d (90.4%). f- ifty live pcrt'l.'fll of th-.· respond\'nl l•ud l)bttlln~d o ~-=ondtl) cduculion und 3 !iHit ~$ 1l:.w.o 37% "'-CJ~ untll tployt:tl Ahom5'~{. had only llfK' ~er~liw t.·hikl.

Tabk I : ~ocio-demo~r:~phtt C11.ar.Jctcns1k) of Rcspomlcu111o

\.'lu,r.n_ni...- r • ...,._.<f ·~-,, Jt~ ... <U ~t:Jr~ ) I) II 15-24 ).:111).' "'" 111 :! s-3·1' ~~'.liS '" ~u JS·-4 .. }<""" , .. 11l .,.)~~lllw~ l "' ··-(1m:)$~1f) , .. '" lsl\lftl II>Y lH

'""" ' ... M111 t1fal 511'1•• Sin-.k " .. ' !Ibn,...; lS1 ..... 0- ' •• "'~"'l'\J ' •• 'Jfl~~lll~"'J J ••

II

,

Lntt Of tO-UC'M'Io• No fonnal tOOcation 22 5.6 p . ~ 9.9 s~.:?'..,. ,,. >1.1 Te.nlsl}' c-4hct llwl11ni\•mity 76 19.2 Vl\iw:rsiry )8 ••• Qd,., • 1.0 ()«.,.,. UMI'IIflio)'i,:d 145 :16-1 lJnsJdUcd worker 45 11.4 str:iUcd v.v1k.er 69 11.! Proft:~lal 58 14.7

B~Ot!$J ' 8 19.7 N~t•tHro.f' chlo\d" n ua4t.l' 5 ;y~:a rl

I l)l !9.0 2 102 ~.11 3 29 l.l

• 18 4.6 No Rt:Sp)~»e IJ ) ,l

Ttble 2: Respondcnb sources of aw.Lreness of childhood Jmmunizatioo

~so;m;~....-... J4iii~mrill· i'liii- cr ,....., ,.._, R .... ~ , .. "' ·~' "'

, .. "'' .,.._ Yo " •• N• ·~

l!'i.~ ....... Yo " )J

"' '" ~.)

¥1tt4'C...,_'-:It~oM•

"' '" ~u

"' ,.. 1!.1 ...... _..

"' .. '·' "' "' "'-' Nlk~Rob~~(.....U. v.. "' .:..o

"' '" U.(l ()lhor M.eus ... ,. ..

"' •

• • I f.ver aware of u b roadcas' programme (nJdio/television) on immuniz.aliOtl was io 361(93%)

Tht progra mmes were lo the form of 3onouncemeots 184(50. 1%). news aod current affaire 124(33.8%), ndvertiscments 28(7 .6%). jint9«< 2S (6.8"/o), dren>o 5(1.4%) and mu•iel (0.3%).

TabJe 3: l'Articipation in childhood immunizaliou, Child full immunization and awareness of chi ldhood imsnuoization through bfo8dcast p10grammes ( radiO<'Ielevision)

~·diii&Od ~·­'" ,. '""

ll'\t'K .S~! 2P-S%J ID(K<N.l

~lQl~l ~D-~t! !i(Y.<I".it

Table J &lows that among tho$c 'Who were aware uf im_mwtizatton through broadcast (radio/television) programme 36~(99.5%} panicipal<:-d in childhood immunization compared 10 21{75%) "'OOilg th0$C who wete no1 aware through broadcast p=<O.OOJ. lhtre is a significant assoc:iation between awarenes..o;; of immunization through broadcast prograoune (radioltelevi~ion) and fully lnununi?:ing children. Among those ~'ho were aware through broadcast 236(91.8%) fully immuniud their chil~n whileoo.ly 6(60.0%} fully immunized their children among those who wert not aw3ro 1hroug.h broadeasl p=<O.OOI.

The content analysis took in aecou:nt the units of <Joalysi5 such as: rirama. music. jing~. news &~urr~ nt a ffairs , advert ise ment an d announcements. The analysis of the contcnl lherefore adopted the namuivc and descriptive. scatiSJical ronnat c~ntrec.J on pctc:cntnge. Table 4 shows immunization programmes in both radio at\d relevision, January - August. 2014. Contcm of PRTVC shows that ooly I 07 immunization prograllUl'lt'$ were aired, berween January and August 2014. In all. announcement was the most aired programme with 65(61%). followed by news and current affairS with 49(46%). The least aired progJamme is j ingle with 3 white. drama~ music and adven_isernen.t had none. ln summary. there were 72% nKJio programmc:s and 2.8% tch:'\·is1on prog~ aired within the 3taled period. TabJe 4: Immunization programmes in bo1b radio and television. January- AuguSt, 2014

M l .,., "' ... MS M6 ,.., ""' T•tal

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t'd:lttt.U)' 0 M.ard• 37 April l(l

May 0 J~ 11 ,h:lly fl

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lw 1!= Llit i<-'1:"'- \.'-\l!' Lhr m n:1 l hrDiJOCi;J:o;[ tiJ;.Ifl .11 L_~ \)I. tit.;

llinib ... L:-o. if ~•ccuuntcd fnr i'7t j ' J ··~ ) ,., i ~h a JHI•l l ~' I I ;:.: tm tJrt( h,: .~1"-. No;\\ 'i. ,Sfhl >~. 'I lt l .' l l l tl1 .-,,I t'S \~ lm· J L lc~ Ll. !r'l:

tno,;th ... a l rrok't.:~ iL• 1 1~~L ~u:x.l p~rsttwtli l~ i11 fo rn i n:g iJntl d tst-u.ssw!! 1 hL· 1111p.arlam,:.; "f ..:h i ldliovd u '•m•m i .i'~tl hm ll~· :dHn\ i ng hm'v' p 'onte nrc imm1mi7i11~ Lh..;i r L"hi l~tnm ol tiiW.:Ic,. ~h-e y • tit~ 1• 1· n~ .. · ~-~~·~) roJi;o td ·~i J"iu..-:, \\ hi l~ ,iuglc .... I(,Uo, ... o.:<L "'' iLh 4'%. ln 1l1..: ( tliJCI lmm~- lhL·1..: ... •.~.:ra: m.2 prugmmnn.:~

L''fl tlr~ll l,a. l lttls:i..: _ am.l ;ucl \ li!TL i~~ITLl..!n\ u n :r .,14,ht, Lo

t:.tt:;tlt: i.m il~n~ss OJI d u lubu1..-.d i mnumLr..ation in P RTY l during th~:.· pcrioo r~~-.,.. icwl>d.

Tllhlr 6~ Un t L::.A rw l;.·si~ fon t.: It;\ i~inn fJfVb:-ram Tk'S

I :il ll:m~;t. .... H~ !(,; ~lt \f; :II~ '\P \I] klt l ~ U-:rn ' • '11~)." l e Jir·.~

<. ~ ' ';,;"J,j il ,IJ~ I ~ ·~ .If

l:un .. ~l~ ..... • :~.~:wt'G• . ..:ll [ .

.~ 61 ... 111111 l> ~ 16

_. ,. T aNt!' 6 sf\1.-,w:s lll tLL '1.', rlh i n t.ln~ li~t:'4lrt.:h (X."tttlll. Ld~\' i'iicm h<Jd tll(lfl: anllOUilCt·mern progmm1nt'fi

hrQ.:Jdt:a'i l ~S it .:tCCOIInP.d for ~H((JtfYo> f•k"\. 'St af)jj l"UII(' tlt t~ll3i r,;. \olrhu;h ~~-alt1h! medical pruless iu1 w.l:s ;md pt:rstJnLtJI i t} i rdt.~rm i rli_t! ~~ ht1! disr;; us~in~ 1 ht:: impuri::.~nct." or chi ldJux N,II im muni::t:.;!t in n hy showmnt~: ho w poeop[i!! Ju~ irrrnmn i7:iirtg their ~ h ildren .r-,f lll\dc• th·c • c,u.:;. L·~r o !;!C alst~ r«-unkd 12(4f~/uJ. On Ll K: uLlit'r hand tht::r' t' \'l;o,.;orl.' LLU prl.lt.;nunm~s. oJil

dnnru~, musH;, j I.JJ~ k~ alll.l E.i~.h~rt1:sr..mco 1 on rd ·cvi!> i{•n l £~ c r<(~Uc:: awarco.:ss on clliMhood lllHlllln17Alnon Ln PRT VC as. all th~~e unHs lmvc lL: r'C • r t!'l\:t.:nl

Di:t1>'U:!I-~irttn l'he .:itml~ n.'i~ed lhe ]covel ttf uw;m::.nl.!'s.o; u I ~.:hi iLih nn u immlln t7lll iun Lhrn ~•gh brctt•~okns.L

pru~J;rnmmes. l (~.spm.dcnts' ac·c :ss loiJ telcvismn and

r~u.lj 4. 1 t(HI IL1 1~1 L." i11t: t:'L'.I:sL."tl 1 h..:-ior a \'l.:lr L-rw,.._-: It ~ t,; h ii«.J l'llnfld i rmmm iz:JI i un 1 r-.Ja' ~ ~ -.n~JI P~ 'J'UI uhon

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\\'[til rcspecl hl the .lmJ C)f pl"k!!~ r.J !'tilth:" rl1IU 11~ \\ihk;h lh~ r~p{lndcnri. be("ume mo,;.arc- ~•f ~hildhood

tr11trmm:r11tu m. :moouoc~rrlo.."fll $ w~~s rc-ptt rL~:d .:lS tbJ.:' rn3j o r s.o4.CI'C.':t: liJ t' :1 \;trrar~'ll'-'SS i.illliXI~l Rt:H'* ~. ~Ufl\!nl at1ai~:. drama. •nus.i(:. j infJ[c_-s •md .:aht=-rt1scmr·nL f i rtdill~ irl 'l: tDn l..:nl wl.:lly~_::;. ulso 1 n d.rcEJ't~ 111:•1 i.Ui ll\JUin:~rrl t:.t ~a. 1.'\;bj, ··h ,,..·e n..: bmm.I~'"'"L i n bolh Hnu~ ~md l· n~ l i:;.h l ltrough mc.J io nm.J Lt:lc:\.is]un. rccurdcd 11 h~ hi ~hcst frcque-nq·. Thes t:. anoounceme11~ ill~ •no.sLiy :spi)fJ~n~ ~· 1~ :swt~ min.lu~ (}( hc.attl-'1. ltndi'Lio~l ndef'li and I L ~~.·~d Govoernmcnt Coun~i! il durin~:~ tla~ ~, \,:~lllfXl•~·~ r ~ rorrtu~c 1 mnm1 ~a.t.nt i·ul'

1111: :->i.t:.tlli ficltnl it!!;S.OdaLion h~t \\'~~Ill a'!hal']!nt:~~ or immuni7Jl1 h~n th n'lugb ~ruad~r,sl pro~ramnw

(nJdioltcln·,isicm' and partlcipatio11: :shtJws Ll1e Ll'll(l'(lrtrJJIO: v J" hntcttl '<tsl prlJJ:.!, f.i.lii iLli~.S. Ul .i uLpr:t.J\'iU~ awarefle&S. anJ in..,•aritLM_ pf.u1h:ipati{Jn ~~r m~>£ht:rs in i rntnuni Ling lht: ir ch ild ren llmf ur(' unJL'!l" lh:tt yell~ n f ngr- " ~ud:y ~~-- r~~ki~u.n "lh l l\\ (."d 1hat aw.'lrD..c-~ ~ j 1\tp r<'tvcd j u~u nlfli,..ill i4.m autl n_--.,lu,cd m i:s.~c d 111 1 m lm i :t:.il.l iou ~.: pi.l) ut.li!~ ~ n •1 rural

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s i1uu1 iun I~ scr,·o:s tht:: roll.:: of .being a !oo.()UI"C ~ l)J'

c.::urrc:.t lntonruu ion a.lli '"rell a~ an ;le,1\ 4X:me for corn.-ct ht...u.tl•h ~ha\' iours.'

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ltn p.u1 1 'tp:•~ • ·'n 'I h 1~ cnn ~~: •d 1o d~~nd~nc) n: l.ll lo.>l tshql hc..·L\\ Len hrm.1d,.;u~1 ]\rt..~l'ar~Hll~~ v 11 i mmun:.(:.JJ wn dnu p..J.rt 5c i p;,1 Liou m du ldhoou mlmumznuon.

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1 he t•~: of br'.£'!1•d t:.il:O:L p.rugr-..lmmc:-.. shuuld he ~·,r-.<u,rkd h;. irwhl'1in~; ol l1cr frt1'tns 01 hfl)<Jd~HSL P•t:.~i a lllllh'' ,.: ud 1 J) !; tlrL11111.1 , 1 i11g. l~~ • rul mu~k l n PHTVC' i:n ~:rc-ating L1'-,.al"tn.:s~ l(ir cl'lccliv.: ' hi I dhc,~~el m11numzul ion.

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