romi-presentation final

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Investigation of energy recovery from municipal and

medical solid waste treatment methods

Romina BeretaDipl. Civil Engineer, AUTH

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DENMARK 30 incinerator units serving

over 100 communities with heat and electricity, while planning to create 10 more.

FRANCE 130 incineration plants were

utilizing 95% of incinerated waste by converting to energy, since 2004, offering:

• Electricity to 1.000.000 homes.• Heating to 600.000 homes.

Motivation of this research

R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015

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To investigate alternative solid waste treatment technologies for the Prefecture of Thessaloniki, in view of:

• The growing population. • The insufficiency of sanitary landfill to treat

medical waste.• The need for energy recovery.• The Guide of the European Parliament (Nov

’08).

Scope of this research


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Range: 3.683 km²Existing population: 1.110.312 res.

Solid Waste Management of Thessaloniki's prefecture


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The basin of landfill extends to 377 acres (total area: 757 acres). Manufacturing estimated cost: 33.079.990€. Total operating cost: 8,5€/ton.

Estimated amount of S.W. (2004-2033):

7.029.643 tons

Sanitary Landfill of Mavrorahi

Quantities of S.W. final disposal:2.531.525,362 tons

(2008-2013)

• More than 1/3 of the total volume has already been filled.

• The filling time of the landfill is estimated to be reduced to 10 years.

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Year

Dis

pose

d S

.W. (

tons

)

Estimated amountS.W. Quantities of S.W.final disposal


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Wide range of wastes. Biogas production (10 m3/ton). The cheapest option of waste management.

Reduse recycled waste. Risk of burial dangerous and infectious wastes. Risk of contamination of the aquifer. Risk of methane release. Energy recovery is not so profitable. Fast rate of filling of the landfill. Inability of medical waste disposal.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sanitary Landfill


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Includes all the conversion processes in gaseous, liquid and solid products, by simultaneous or subsequent emission of heat.

Key objectives of the thermal waste treatment are:• Decreasing their volume.• Converting into non-harmful to health residues.• The maximum advantage from the energy produced.

Thermal methods of S.W. management:• Incineration.• Pyrolysis.• Gasification.

Thermal treatment of solid waste


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Processing cost (€/t)

Incineration

Pyrolysis Gasification

Pyrolysis-Gasification

Comparison of processing cost


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Pyrolysis-Gasification Pyrolysis Gasification

Incineration

Comparison of electrical energy production

Electrical energy recovery (kWh/t)


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INCINERATION 32.25 55 109.8 180.8

PYROLYSIS 19.05 43.75 73.2 112.1

FINANCIAL COMPARISON

0

50

100

150

200

MIL

LIO

N €

50000 100000 200000 500000

CAPACITY (t/y)

MANUFACTURING COST


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0

5000000

10000000

15000000

EURO

(€)

50000 100000 200000 500000

CAPACITY (t/y)

TYPICAL OPERATING COST

INCINERATION 2232500 3765000 6600000 14276000

PYROLYSIS 2560000 3700000 6600000 10400000

FINANCIAL COMPARISON


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Environmental impact

Greenhouse effect

INCINERATION

PYROLYSIS

GASIFICATION

-18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0

Pyrolysis is the most effective method for the integrated management of S.W.


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Total quantities of domestic and medical waste:• 403.132 tn

Mechanic Seperation Unit:• Manufacturing cost: 80 – 150 €/t• Operating cost: 12-18 €/t

Pyrolysis Unit:• Manufacturing cost: 100 million €• Operating cost: 10 million €/y

PYROLYSIS UNIT(400.000-450.000 tons)


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PRODUCT-MATERIAL

VALUE (€/t) QUANTITY PROFIT

(€/y)

Glass 3 15750 47.250

Metals 130 16650 2.164.500

Electricity 0.04 328000000 13.120.000

Thermal Energy 0.03 680600000 20.418.000

Total earnings up to 35.750.000€ 80€/t every year

Jessica, Instruments for S.W. management in Greece, EUROCONSULTANTS ,EPTA, 2010

Pyrolysis flow diagram:


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Processing cost:• Investment cost: 180 million €.• *Depreciation of investment in 10 years: 180*106 €/10=18*106 €/y. (18*106 €/y) /(450.000 tons of S.W.) = 40 €/t.

Operating cost: 18+(10*106/450.000)= 40 €/t.

Fee for disposal= 40€/t.

Total processing cost of S.W. integrated management= 40€/t.

Financial profit up to 18.000.000 €/y (40€/t).



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Pyrolysis constitutes an indicated method for the integrated management of Solid Waste of Thessaloniki’s prefecture.

Decrease of the Greenhouse effect. Reduction of the leachates. Energy recovery. Financial benefits of pyrolysis products. Extra income from medical waste management in addition to the

elimination of existing charges. Penalties that are imposed from European community. 90% volume reduction of final disposal S.W. amounts (42.000 t/y).

Conclusions


Documents

romi-presentation final