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Rom
e�s
Epic
?
Aen
eid
4-8
Lect
ure
Out
line
�Vi
rgil
and
Hom
er: H
ones
t adm
iratio
n or
ou
trigh
t cop
ying
?
�A
enei
dB
ook
6: T
he id
ea o
f Rom
e
�H
ow d
o w
e re
ad T
he A
enei
d?:A
ugus
tan
prop
agan
da o
r sub
tle c
ritiq
ue?
Aen
eid
1.1
�I si
ng o
f arm
s an
d of
a m
an�
�Sin
g, g
odde
ss, t
he a
nger
of P
eleu
s�so
n A
chill
es�(
Hom
. Il.
1.1,
tran
s. L
attim
ore)
�Tel
l me,
Mus
e, th
e st
ory
of th
at re
sour
cefu
l m
an�(
Hom
. Od.
1.1
, tra
ns. R
ieu)
Her
acle
s (H
ercu
les)
in th
e un
derw
orld
(Pho
to: A
G H
ug)
(Imag
e: w
ww
.unc
.edu
/aw
mc)
And
here
a m
ultit
ude
was
rush
ing,
sw
arm
ing
shor
ewar
d, w
ith m
en a
nd m
othe
rs, b
odie
s of
high
-hea
rted
hero
es s
tripp
ed o
f life
, and
boy
san
d un
wed
girl
s, a
nd y
oung
men
�Th
ey s
tand
; eac
h pl
eads
to b
e th
e fir
st to
cro
ssth
e st
ream
; the
ir ha
nds
reac
h ou
t in
long
ing
for
the
farth
er s
hore
. But
Cha
ron,
sul
len
boat
man
,no
w ta
kes
thes
e so
uls,
now
thos
e; th
e re
st h
e le
aves
;th
rust
ing
them
bac
k, h
e ke
eps
them
from
the
beac
h.(V
erg.
Aen
. 6.4
02-4
05, 4
12-4
16)
�Q
ueen
, I s
wea
r by
the
star
s, th
e go
ds a
bove
, and
any
trus
tth
at m
ay b
e in
this
und
erea
rth, I
was
unw
illin
g w
hen
I had
to le
ave
your
sho
res.
But t
hose
sam
e or
ders
of t
he g
ods
that
now
urge
on
my
jour
ney
thro
ugh
the
shad
ows,
th
roug
hab
ando
ned,
thor
ny la
nds
and
deep
est n
ight
,dr
ove
me
by th
eir d
ecre
es. A
nd I
coul
d no
tbe
lieve
that
with
my
goin
g I s
houl
d br
ing
so g
reat
a g
rief a
s th
is. (V
erg.
Aen
. 6.6
03-6
12)
But
in th
e de
ep o
f a g
reen
val
ley,
fath
erA
nchi
ses,
lost
in th
ough
t, w
as s
tudy
ing
the
soul
s of
all
his
sons
to c
ome
�th
ough
no
wim
pris
oned
, des
tined
for t
he u
pper
ligh
t.A
nd a
s it
happ
ened
, he
was
telli
ng o
ver
the
mul
titud
e of
all
his
dear
des
cend
ants
,hi
s he
roes
�fat
es a
nd fo
rtune
s, w
orks
and
w
ays.
(Ver
g. A
en. 6
.898
-904
)
Now
then
turn
you
r tw
o ey
es h
ere,
to lo
ok
upon
your
Rom
ans,
you
r ow
n pe
ople
. Her
e is
C
aesa
ran
d al
l the
line
of I
ülus
that
will
com
ebe
neat
h th
e m
ight
y cu
rve
of h
eave
n. T
his,
this
is th
e m
an y
ou h
eard
so
ofte
n pr
omis
ed
�A
ugus
tus
Cae
sar,
son
of a
god
, who
will
rene
w a
gol
den
age
in L
atiu
m(V
erg.
Aen
. 6.1
044-
1050
)
For o
ther
peo
ples
will,
I do
not
dou
bt,
still
cas
t the
ir br
onze
to b
reat
he w
ith s
ofte
r fe
atur
es,
or d
raw
out
of t
he m
arbl
e liv
ing
lines
,pl
ead
caus
es b
ette
r, tra
ce th
e w
ays
of h
eave
nw
ith w
ands
and
tell
the
risin
g co
nste
llatio
ns;
but y
ours
will
be
the
rule
rshi
p of
nat
ions
,re
mem
ber,
Rom
an, t
hese
will
be
your
arts
:to
teac
h th
e w
ays
of p
eace
to th
ose
you
conq
uer,
to s
pare
def
eate
d pe
ople
s, ta
me
the
prou
d.(V
erg.
Aen
. 6.1
129-
1137
)
�Pr
imal
Ear
than
d Ju
no, q
ueen
of m
arria
ges,
toge
ther
now
giv
e th
e si
gnal
: lig
htni
ng fi
res
flash
,th
e up
per a
ir is
witn
ess
to th
eir m
atin
g,an
d fro
m th
e hi
ghes
t hill
tops
sho
ut th
e ny
mph
s.Th
at d
ay w
as h
er fi
rst d
ay o
f dea
th a
nd ru
in.
For n
eith
er h
ow th
ings
see
m n
or h
ow th
ey a
re
deem
edm
oves
Did
o no
w, a
nd s
he n
o lo
nger
thin
ksof
furti
ve lo
ve.
For D
ido
calls
it m
arria
ge,
and
with
this
nam
e sh
e co
vers
up
her f
ault.
(Ver
g. A
en. 4
.219
-228
)
For t
here
the
Lord
of F
ire h
ad w
roug
ht th
e st
ory
of It
aly,
the
Rom
ans�
vict
orie
s,si
nce
he w
as n
ot u
nski
lled
in p
roph
ecy
or o
ne w
ho c
anno
t tel
l the
tim
es to
com
e.(V
erg.
Aen
. 8.8
10-8
14)
(Imag
e ta
ken
from
: ht
tp://
ww
w.re
adin
g.ac
.uk/
SerD
epts
/vl/c
lass
icse
xhib
ition
/shi
eldo
faen
eas.
htm
l)
�O
n hi
s hi
gh s
tern
Aug
ustu
s C
aesa
ris
lead
ing
the
Italia
ns to
bat
tle,
toge
ther
with
the
sena
te a
nd th
e pe
ople
,th
e ho
useh
old
gods
and
Gre
at G
ods;
his
br
ight
bro
ws
pour
out
a tw
in fl
ame,
and
upo
n hi
s he
adhi
s fa
ther
�s J
ulia
n st
ar is
glit
terin
g.(V
erg.
Aen
. 8.8
78-8
83)
�M
y so
ns d
o no
tle
t suc
h gr
eat w
ars
be n
ativ
e to
you
r min
ds,
or tu
rn y
our f
orce
aga
inst
you
r hom
elan
d�s
vita
ls:
and
Cae
sar,
be th
e fir
st to
sho
w fo
rbea
ranc
e;m
ay y
ou, w
ho c
ome
from
hea
ven�
s se
ed, b
orn
ofm
y bl
ood,
cas
t dow
n th
e w
eapo
n fro
m y
our h
and!
(Ver
g. A
en. 6
.110
4-11
09)
Aen
eas
mar
vels
at h
is m
othe
r�s g
ift,
the
scen
es o
n Vu
lcan
�s s
hiel
d; a
nd h
e is
gla
dfo
r all
thes
e im
ages
, tho
ugh
he d
oes
not
know
wha
t the
y m
ean.
(Ver
g. A
en. 8
.951
-954
)
�Fo
r as
she
died
a de
ath
that
was
not
mer
ited
or fa
ted,
but m
iser
able
and
bef
ore
her t
ime
(Ver
g. A
en. 4
.958
-960
)
Unh
appy
Did
o, th
en th
e w
ord
I had
was
true
? T
hat y
ou w
ere
dead
? T
hat y
ou
purs
ued
your
fina
l mom
ent w
ith th
e sw
ord?
Did
Ibr
ing
only
dea
th to
you
?(V
erg.
Aen
. 6.6
00-6
03)
Polit
ical
Eve
nts
in R
ome
�70
BC
E: F
irst c
onsu
lshi
p of
Pom
pey
and
Cra
ssus
�47
�45
BC
E: C
ivil
War
be
twee
n C
aesa
r and
P
ompe
y�
44 B
CE:
Ass
assi
natio
n of
Ju
lius
Cae
sar
�42
BC
E: B
attle
of P
hilip
pi
(Oct
avia
n an
d A
nton
y de
feat
Bru
tus
and
Cas
sius
)�
31 B
CE:
Bat
tle o
f Act
ium
(O
ctav
ian
defe
ats
Ant
ony)
Virg
il�s
Life
�V
irgil
is b
orn
�V
irgil
is 2
3
�V
irgil
is 2
6
�V
irgil
is 2
8
�V
irgil
is 3
9
but y
ours
will
be
the
rule
rshi
p of
nat
ions
,re
mem
ber,
Rom
an, t
hese
will
be
your
arts
:to
teac
h th
e w
ays
of p
eace
to th
ose
you
conq
uer,
to s
pare
def
eate
d pe
ople
s, ta
me
the
prou
d(V
erg.
Aen
. 6.1
134-
1137
)
They
mak
e a
dese
rt, a
nd c
all i
t pe
ace.
(Tac
. Agr
. 30)
