Rome – Parthia – China Parthia founded by the Parni federation – Relatives of the Achaemenids....
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Rome – Parthia – China Parthia founded by the Parni federation – Relatives of the Achaemenids. – Defeated Seleucid governor of the “Parthia” province 109
Rome Parthia China Parthia founded by the Parni federation
Relatives of the Achaemenids. Defeated Seleucid governor of the
Parthia province 109 BCE Mithridates II declared himself
king-of-kings Parthia engaged two major world empires Han China and
Rome. Han sent envoys in 115 BCE, proposed an alliance against
Turkic nomads. Parthia and China opened up trade Silk Road trade
included horses to China. Contact with Rome began in 103 BCE in
Cilicia, Anatolia. Roman envoy angered Parthians.
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Turkic People
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Rome
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The Roman story... Founded by the Trojan Aeneas or Romulus and
Remus Born to Rhea Silvia, a Vestal Virgin Conceived with Mars (or
Hercules) Thrown in the Tiber River by their uncle Fed by a
she-wolf and a woodpecker Eventually learn their heritage Argue
over where to establish a city Romulus kills Remus and calls the
city Rome
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Founded c. 1000 BCE part of an Etruscan kingdom c. 500 BCE
Romans overthrew Etruscans and creates a republic Assembly elected
two consuls executive officers of state Senate and council of
commoners advised the consuls 450 BCE adopted Twelve Tablets of Law
SPQR - Sentus Populusque Rmnus The Senate and People of Rome"
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Leges Duodecim Tabularum Twelve Tablets of Law (Twelve Tables
of Law) Influenced by the Greeks Original tablets destroyed in 390
BCE
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Where anyone commits a theft by night, and having been caught
in the act is killed, he is legally killed. If anyone commits a
theft during the day, and is caught in the act, he shall be
scourged, and given up as a slave to the person against whom the
theft was committed.
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A father shall have the right of life and death over his son
born in lawful marriage, and shall also have the power to render
him independent, after he has been sold three times. A father shall
immediately put to death a son recently born, who is a monster, or
has a form different from that of members of the human race.
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Where a woman, who has not been united to a man in marriage,
lives with him for an entire year without the usucaption of her
being interrupted for three nights, she shall pass into his power
as his legal wife. If a husband desires to divorce his wife, and
dissolve his marriage, he must give a reason for doing so.
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pater familias the father of the family Responsible for the
entire family Familia was everyone living in the household Familia
distinct from the domus Included power of life and death Power to
be used in consultation Distinct power, but not the same power as
held by magistrates
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Rome solidified control of Italy with citizen army of heavy
infantry Punic Wars, 264 BCE - 146 BC First Punic War Rome seizes
Sicily Navy dominates the Mediterranean Second Punic War Hannibal
invades Italy from the north Romans defeat the Carthaginians in
Spain Third Punic War Siege and destruction of Carthage
With control of central Mediterranean, Rome turned east to
Antigonid Greece. Greece controlled by Rome after 146 BCE
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First-century BCE Rome (100 0) Plagued by unrest due to wealth
disparity. Wealthy landowners built large estates called
latifundia. Poor classes discharged legionaries dispossessed
farmers slaves. Marian Reforms allowed landless men into the army.
Led to creation of a professional army paid in land in conquered
lands. Encouraged generals to manipulate army for power. Generals
competed with one another for power, including Julius Caesar.
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Roman Civil Wars Julius Caesar vs. Pompey, Brutus, et al.
Caesar assassinated for trying to become dictator for life (15
March 44 BCE). Octavian vs. Mark Anthony Octavian wins in 31 BCE
Octavian given title of Augustus revered one. Octavian Augustus
Caesar
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Rhine Danube
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Rome An Engineered Empire
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The Emperors
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Roman naming system Three parts (not always) Given name -
clan/family name cognomenagnomen Giaus Julius Caesar Gaius Octavius
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
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Julio-Claudians Augustus27 BCE 14 CE Tiberius14 37 Caligula37
41 Claudius41 54 Nero54 68 The histories of Tiberius, Caius,
Claudius, and Nero, while they were in power, were falsified
through terror, and after their death were written under the
irritation of a recent hatred. Tacitus
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Year of the Four Emperors & and Flavians GalbaJune 68
January 69 OthoJanuary 69 April 69 VitelliusApril 69 December 69
Vaspasian69 79 Titus79 81 Domitian81 96
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Nervan-Antonians Nerva96 98 Trajan98 117 Hadrian117 138
Antoninus Pius138 161 Lucius Verus161 169 Marcus Aurelius161 180
Commodus177 192 The Five Good Emperors End of the Pax Romana
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If a man were called to fix the period in the history of the
world during which the condition of the human race was most happy
and prosperous, he would, without hesitation, name that which
elapsed from the death of Domitian to the accession of Commodus.
Edward Gibbon The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman
Empire 6 vols. 1776-1789