Country fact sheet

September 2017

Photo: © Toni García, My City/EEA

Land cover 2012

Romania

Romania

1

Land cover 2012 Overview of land cover & change 2006-2012 The Romanian landscape is characterised by its low dynamics of land cover change. The current annual change rate (0.05%) is one of the lowest in Europe. The situation was comparable in the previous period 2000-2006, but the pace of the development was significantly higher before, with 0.16% mean annual change rate in the 1990-2000 period. However, this was also significantly lower than the current European average. The development of Romanian landscape is driven mostly by internal forest conversions; however, the intensity of this flow is continuously decreasing since 1990. In the last period, the sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures became the second most significant driver of change in Romania. Although the annual land take rate (0.15% of initial artificial area) is one of the lowest among European countries, it is slowly getting higher between 1990 and 2012. The intensity of the agricultural internal conversions, which were very powerful during the period 1990-2000, rapidly decreased already in the period 2000-2006 and is getting even lower in the period 2006-2012. Beside these conversions, there also occurs a conversion of arable land into inland marshes, which was observed along the Danube river in the eastern part of the country. Note: The results presented here are based on a change analysis of 44 land cover types mapped consistently on a 1:100.000 scale across Europe over more than decade between 2000-2006-2012 - see Corine land cover (CLC) programme for details. Number of years between CLC2006-CLC2012 data for Romania: 6

5%

39%

18%

32%

3%

Open sp.

0,1%

1% 2%

1.1. Land cover 2012[% of total]

-14000

-7000

0

7000

14000

1.2. Net change in land cover 2006-2012 [ha]

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

1.3. Net change in land cover [% of initial year

2006]

A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land

Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies

Summary balance table 2006-2012

Art

ific

ial

area

s

Ara

ble

lan

d &

per

man

ent

cro

ps

Pas

ture

s &

mo

saic

s

Fore

sted

lan

d

Sem

i-n

atu

ral

veg

etat

ion

Op

en s

pac

es/

bar

e so

ils

Wet

lan

ds

Wat

er b

od

ies

TO

TA

L

[hu

nd

red

s h

a]

Land cover 2006 12649 94117 42199 75650 6643 251 3188 4048 238745

Consumption of initial LC 11.8 165.5 57.4 465.5 4.4 0.6 0.1 6.6 712

Formation of new LC 125.2 46.6 10.5 464.0 0.0 0.0 54.4 11.2 712

Net Formation of LC 113.4 -118.9 -46.9 -1.5 -4.4 -0.6 54.3 4.6 0

Net formation as % of initial year 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 1.7 0.1

Total turnover of LC 137.1 212.0 67.9 929.5 4.4 0.6 54.5 17.7 1424

Total turnover as % of initial year 1.1 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.2 1.7 0.4 0.6

Land cover 2012 12762 93998 42152 75649 6638 250 3242 4053 238745

Romania

2

Land cover trends comparison 2000-2006 vs. 2006-2012

0.05%

0.05%

0 5000 10000

2000-2006

2006-2012

2.4. Annual land cover change[ha/year, % of total area]

0 10000 20000

Artificial areas

Arable land& permanent crops

Pastures& mosaics

Forested land

Semi-natural vegetation

Open spaces/ bare soils

Wetlands

Water bodies

2.5. Annual turnover of LC types [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-3000 -1000 1000

Artificial areas

Arable land& permanent crops

Pastures& mosaics

Forested land

Semi-natural vegetation

Open spaces/ bare soils

Wetlands

Water bodies

2.6. Net annual change of LC types [ha/year]

Summary trend figures 2000-2006 2006-2012

Annual land cover change [ha/year] 12384 11864

Annual land cover change as % of initial year 0.05% 0.05%Land uptake by artificial development as mean annual change [ha/year] 1489 1917

Agricultural land uptake by urban and infrastructures development as mean annual change [ha/year] 1366 1867

Net uptake of forests and semi-natural land by agriculture as mean annual change [ha/year] -11 -109

Net conversion from pasture to arable land and permanent crops as mean annual change [ha/year] 618 288

Forest & other woodland net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] -87 -25

Dry semi-natural land cover net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] -25 -83

Wetlands & water bodies net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] -2 981

0

3000

6000

9000

lcf1

Urb

an la

ndm

anag

emen

t

lcf2

Urb

anre

side

ntia

l spr

awl

lcf3

Spr

awl o

fec

onom

ic s

ites

and

infr

astr

uctu

res

lcf4

Agr

icul

ture

inte

rnal

conv

ersi

ons

lcf5

Con

vers

ion

from

for

este

d &

natu

ral l

and

toag

ricu

lture

lcf6

Withd

raw

al o

ffa

rmin

g

lcf7

For

ests

crea

tion

and

man

agem

ent

lcf8

Wat

er b

odie

scr

eation

an

dm

anag

emen

t

lcf9

Cha

nges

due

to n

atur

al a

ndm

ultip

le c

ause

s

2.7. Intensity of main change drivers (LC FLOWS) [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Romania

3

Artificial surfaces sprawl (2006-2012)

0.12

%

0.15

%

0

1000

2000

2000-2006 2006-2012

3.8. Artificial land take [ha/year,

% of initial year]

Slowdown of residential sprawl, increase of economic sites development

The annual land take rate in Romania is one of the lowest among European countries. However, compared to previous period, it shows a slightly increasing tendency. In comparison with the 2000-2006, there is an obvious shift in the structure of the artificial development in the period 2006-2012. The development on new transportation networks and extension of mines, quarries and dump sites are the main drivers of sprawl. The intensity of both these flows, together with the construction, shows increasing tendency. On the other hand, the intensity of residential sprawl significantly decreased, compared to previous period. Concerning the spatial distribution, the sprawl is situated in the surroundings of most Romanian cities; however, there are some differences in this pattern compared to the previous period. The artificial development is significantly lower in the north-eastern region of the country, in contrast to the neighbourhood of the capital city Bucharest, where the sprawl occurs with significantly higher intensity than in 2000-2006. The source for new artificial land is almost exclusively agricultural land, with predominance of arable (66% of total sprawl).

88%

8%1%

3% 0.2% const.

3.9. Artificial surfaces 2012 [% of total area]

0 200 400 600

3.10. Artificial land take 2006-2012 [ha/year]

-200

0

200

400

600

800

Con

tinu

ous

urba

n fa

bric

Dis

cont

inuo

us u

rban

fab

ric

Ind

ustr

ial o

r co

mm

erci

alun

its

Roa

d an

d ra

il ne

twor

ks a

ndas

soci

ated

land

Por

t ar

eas

Airpo

rts

Min

eral

ext

ract

ion

site

s

Dum

p si

tes

Con

stru

ctio

n si

tes

Gre

en u

rban

are

as

Spo

rt a

nd le

isur

e fa

cilit

ies

3.11. Mean annual artificial change by class [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Romania

4

Agriculture (2006-2012)

Internal exchange between arable and pasture slows down

The intensity of the agricultural land internal exchange significantly decreased compared to the previous period 2000-2006. The conversion from pasture to arable or crop land continues with significantly lower intensity, while the opposite conversion from arable land to pasture almost disappeared from the Romanian landscape. This decrease is most obvious in the north-eastern region of the country, where the conversions from pasture to arable were most frequent during the previous period. On the other hand, there occurs higher amount of conversion from arable land to vineyards and orchards and also conversion from vineyards and orchards into agricultural land with natural vegetation, which were rather insignificant during 2000-2006. Concerning the external exchange, the agriculture land, with prevailing share of arable (66% of total sprawl) has been consumed mostly by the sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures and also, to a lesser extent, by residential sprawl. The other reason of arable land consumption was its conversion into inland marches, which was observed in eastern Romania, along the Danube river.

21164%

2120.01%

2130.2%

2212%

2223%

23118%

2426%

2437%

4.12. Agricultural areas 2012 [% of total area]

-0.1

7%

-0.1

6%

-0.2

8%

-0.1

8%

-0.0

8%

-0.0

7%

0.03

%

0.03

%

0.61

%

0.01

%

0.02

%

0.06

%

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

Non

-irr

igat

ed a

rabl

e la

nd

Per

man

ently

irriga

ted

land

Ric

e fie

lds

Vin

eyar

ds

Fru

it t

rees

and

ber

ry p

lant

atio

ns

Oliv

e gr

oves

Pas

ture

s

Ann

ual/

pe

rman

ent

crop

s

Com

plex

cul

t. p

atte

rns

Agr

icul

ture

with

nat

. ve

g.

Agr

o-fo

rest

ry a

reas

4.13. Development of agricultural areas 2006-2012– detailed balance [ha]

Consumption of initial land cover

Formation of new land cover

211 Non-irrigated arable land

212 Permanently irrigated land

213 Rice fields

221 Vineyards

222 Fruit trees and berry plantations

223 Olive groves

231 Pastures

241 Annual crops associated with permanent crops242 Complex cultivation patterns

243 Agriculture land with significant areas of natural vegetation244 Agro-forestry areas

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

Non

-irr

igat

ed a

rabl

e la

nd

Per

man

ently

irriga

ted

land R

ice

field

s

Vin

eyar

ds

Fru

it t

rees

and

ber

ry p

lant

atio

ns

Oliv

e gr

oves

Pas

ture

s

Ann

ual/

per

man

ent

crop

s

Com

plex

cul

t. p

atte

rns

Agr

icul

ture

with

nat

. ve

g.

Agr

o-fo

rest

ry a

reas

4.14. Mean annual agricultural change by class [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Romania

5

Forest & nature (2006-2012)

84%

7%

Open sp.

0,3%

4%5%

5.15. Forest & nature areas 2012

[% of total area]

Forest

Semi-natural vegetation

Open spaces/ bare soils

Wetlands

Water bodies

Forest and nature land development

Despite their decreasing intensity, the internal forested conversions remain by far the main driver of landscape development in Romania. Recent felling and transition strongly prevails over opposite flow of forest creation. As a result of these flows, all forest types show negative net change balance, in contrast to transitional woodland, with prevailing formation of area (about 10% of initial area). The other significant conversion in Romanian natural landscape was the formation of new wetlands, represented by inland marshes creation over former arable land, which was observed in the eastern part of the country, along the Danube river.

-0.2

5%

-1.9

1%

-0.4

1%

-0.0

7%

-1.6

3%

-0.4

2%

0.00

%

-0.3

3%

-0.0

5%

0.10

%

0.06

%

0.02

%

11.5

2%

1.74

%

0.00

%

0.70

%

-30000

0

30000

Bro

ad-l

eave

d fo

rest

Con

ifero

us for

est

Mix

ed for

est

Nat

ural

gra

ssla

nd

Moo

rs a

nd h

eath

land

Scl

erop

hyllo

us v

eget

atio

n

Tra

nsitio

nal w

oodl

and

shr

ub

Bea

ches

, du

nes,

san

d

Bar

e ro

ck

Spa

rsel

y ve

geta

ted

area

s

Bur

nt a

reas

Gla

cier

s/pe

rp.

snow

Inl

and

mar

shes

Pea

tbog

s

Sal

t m

arsh

es

Sal

ines

Int

ertida

l fla

ts

Wat

er c

ours

es

Wat

er b

odie

s

Coa

stal

lago

ons

Est

uaries

Sea

and

oce

an

5.16. Development of forest & nature areas 2006-2012 – detailed balance [ha]

Consumption of initial land cover

Formation of new land cover

-6000

-3000

0

3000

6000

9000

Bro

ad-l

eave

d fo

rest

Con

ifero

us for

est

Mix

ed for

est

Nat

ural

gra

ssla

nd

Moo

rs a

nd h

eath

land

Scl

erop

hyllo

us v

eget

atio

n

Tra

nsitio

nal w

oodl

and

shr

ub

Bea

ches

, du

nes,

san

d

Bar

e ro

ck

Spa

rsel

y ve

geta

ted

are

as

Bur

nt a

reas

Gla

cier

s an

d pe

rpet

ual

snow

Inl

and

mar

shes

Pea

tbog

s

Sal

t m

arsh

es

Sal

ines

Int

ertida

l fla

ts

Wat

er c

ours

es

Wat

er b

odie

s

Coa

stal

lago

ons

Est

uaries

Sea

and

oce

an

5.17. Mean annual forest & nature change by class [ha/year]2000-2006

2006-2012

Romania

6

Annex: Land cover flows and trends Land cover flows 2006-2012

2%

23%

8%65%

Semi-nat. 1%

Open sp.

0,1%

Wet. 0,02% 1%

6.18. Consumption of land cover2006-2012 [% of total change

area]

18%

6%

1%

65%

8% 2%

6.19. Formation of land cover 2006-2012 [% of total change

area]

A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land

Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies

lcf11% lcf2

3%lcf314%

lcf47%

lcf50.2%

lcf61%

lcf765%

lcf81%

lcf98%

6.20. Drivers of change (LC FLOWS)2006-2012 [% of total change area]

lc f1 U rban land management

lc f2 U rban res idential sprawl

lc f3 Sprawl of economic s ites and infras truc tures

lc f4 A griculture internal convers ions

lc f5 C onvers ion from fores ted & natural land to agriculture

lc f6 Withdrawal of farming

lc f7 Fores ts c reation and management

lc f8 Water bodies c reation and management

lc f9 C hanges due to natural and multiple causes

Romania

7

Artificial areas

Arable land &

permanent crops66%

Pastures & mosaics

28%

Forested land5%

Semi-natural

vegetation1%

Open spaces / bare soils

0.2%Wetlands

0.1%

7.21. Consumption by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]

Disc. urban fabric15%

Industrial/commer.

28%

Road/rail network

14%

Port areas0.2%

Airports1%

Mineral extraction

27%

Dump sites0.1%

Construct.14%

Sport/leisure

1%

7.22. Formation by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]

0.12%

0.15%

0 1000 2000

2000-2006

2006-2012

7.23. Net formation of artificial area [ha/year, % of initial year]

-200 0 200 400 600 800

lcf11Urban development/ infilling(cons.)

lcf11Urban development/ infilling(form.)

lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (cons.)

lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (form.)

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (cons.)

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (form.)

lcf21 Urban dense residential sprawl

lcf22 Urban diffuse residential sprawl

lcf31 Sprawl of industrial &commercial sites

lcf32 Sprawl of transport networks

lcf33 Sprawl of harbours

lcf34 Sprawl of airports

lcf35 Sprawl of mines and quarryingareas

lcf36 Sprawl of dumpsites

lcf37 Construction

lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (cons.)

lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (form.)

lcf54 Conversion from developedareas to agriculture

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf81 Water bodies creation

lcf911 Semi-natural creation

lcf913 Extension of water courses

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires

lcf93 Coastal erosion

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(form.)

7.24. Artificial development by change drivers(LC FLOWS) [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Romania

8

Agriculture

Dump sites24%

Construct.7%

Broad-leaved forest14%

Water bodies57%

8.25. LC consumed by agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

Non-irrigated arable14%

Pastures86%

8.26. Formation of agricultural land from non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

Non-irrigated arable77%

Vineyards0.3%

Fruit trees/berry plantations

1%

Pastures15%

Complex cultivation patterns

3%

Agriculture with

natural veg.4%

8.27. Consumption of agricultural landby non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

Disc. urban fabric10%

Industrial/ commer.

19%

Road/rail network

9%

Port areas0.2%

Airports1%

Mineral extraction

16%Dump sites0.1%

Construct.10%

Sport/ leisure0,04%

Coniferous forest0.1%

Transition.woodland/

shrub0,2%

Inland marshes

33%

Water courses0.02%

Water bodies

2%

8.28. Formation of non-agricultural landfrom agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

-200 -100 0 100

Conversion from forest toagriculture

Conversion from dry semi-natural& natural land to agriculture

Conversion from wetlands toagriculture

Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation

8.29. Main annual conversions between agriculture and forests & semi-natural land

2006-2012 [ha/year]

-900 -600 -300 0 300

Extension of pasture, set asideand fallow land

Conversion from pasture toarable and permanent crops

8.30. Mean annual conversion between arable land and pasture [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Romania

9

0 300 600 900

lcf411 Uniform extension ofset aside fallow land and

pasture

lcf412 Diffuse extension ofset aside fallow land and

pasture

lcf421 Conversion fromarable land to permanent

irrigation perimeters

lcf422 Other internalconversions of arable land

lcf431 Conversion fromolives groves to vineyards

and orchards

lcf432 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards to

olive groves

lcf433 Other conversionsbetween vineyards and

orchards

lcf441 Conversion frompermanent crops topermanent irrigation

perimeters

lcf442 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards tonon-irrigated arable land

lcf443 Conversion from olivegroves to non-irrigated

arable land

lcf444 Diffuse conversionfrom permanent crops to

arable land

lcf451 Conversion fromarable land to vineyards and

orchards

lcf452 Conversion fromarable land to olive groves

lcf453 Diffuse conversionfrom arable land topermanent crops

lcf461 Conversion frompasture to permanentirrigation perimeters

lcf462 Intensive conversionfrom pasture to non-irrigatedarable land and permanent

crops

lcf463 Diffuse conversionfrom pasture to arable and

permanent crops

lcf47 Extension of agro-forestry

9.31. Mean annual agriculture internalconversions [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-1800 -1400 -1000 -600 -200

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites andinfrastructures

lcf511 Intensive conversion fromforest to agriculture

lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forestto agriculture

lcf521 Intensive conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. cons.)

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. form.)

lcf53 Conversion from wetlands toagriculture

lcf54 Conversion from developed areasto agriculture

lcf61 Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation

lcf81 Water bodies creation

lcf913 Extension of water courses

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires

lcf93 Coastal erosion

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. form.)

9.32. Mean annual conversions between agricultureand other LC types [ha/year]

2000 - 2006

2006 - 2012

Romania

10

Forest & nature

Mineral extraction

2%

Construct.1%

Non-irrigated arable90%

Fruit trees/berry plantations

0.1%

Pastures8%

Agriculture with

natural veg.0,4%

10.33. LC consumed by forest & nature2006-2012 [% of total]

Coniferous forest0.3%

Transition.woodland/

shrub1%

Inland marshes

91%

Water courses0.1%

Water bodies

7%

10.34. Formation of forest & nature land from non-forest /nature 2006-2012

[% of total]

Broad-leaved forest62%

Coniferous forest6%

Natural grassland

10%

Transition.woodland/

shrub8%

Beaches, dunes,

sand plains3%

Inland marshes

1%

Water bodies10%

10.35. Consumption of forest & nature landby non-forest/nature 2006-2012 [% of

total]

Disc. urban fabric3% Road/rail

network12%

Mineral extraction

59%

Construct5%

Sport/leisure

8%

Non-irrigated arable

2%

Pastures10%

10.36. Formation of non-forest/nature landfrom forest & nature 2006-2012 [% of total]

Broad-leaved forest65%

Conifer. forest17%

Mixed forest13%

Transit.woodland

shrub5%

10.37. Forested land 2012 [% of total area]

0 3000 6000

Consumption of forest land byurban sprawl

Conversion from forest toagriculture

Recent fellings and transitions

Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

Forest creation, afforestation

Conversion from transitionalwoodland to forests

Forest creation over wetlands

10.38. Main trends in woodland & forests consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

Romania

11

Natural grassland

85%

Moors and

heath.11%

Beaches, dunes

and sand plains2%

Bare rock1%

Sparsely vegetat.

areas1%

Burnt areas

0.001%

11.39. Dry semi-natural areas 2012 [% of total area]

0 30 60

Consumption of dry semi-naturalland cover by urban sprawl

Conversion of semi-natural landcover to agriculture

Forest creation, afforestation overdry semi-natural land

Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation

Decrease of permanent snow andglaciers

11.40. Main trends in dry semi-natural land consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

Inland marshes

43%

Salt marshes

1%

Water courses

24%

Water bodies22%

Coastal lagoons

10%

11.41. Wetlands & water 2012[% of total area]

-200 0 200 400 600 800

Consumption of wetlands byurban sprawl

Conversion of wetlands toagriculture

Forest creation and afforestationover wetlands

Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation

Net water bodies creation

Net wetlands creation

11.42. Main trends in wetlands & water consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

-10000 -5000 0 5000 10000

lcf13 Development of green urban areas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures

lcf511 Intensive conversion from forest to agriculture

lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forest to agriculture

lcf61 Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation

lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (cons.)

lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (form.)

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf73 Forests internal conversions (cons.)

lcf73 Forests internal conversions (form.)

lcf74 Recent felling and transition (cons.)

lcf74 Recent felling and transition (form.)

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (cons.)

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (form.)

11.43. Mean annual conversions of forest & other woodland[ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Romania

12

-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

lcf13 Development of green urban areas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures

lcf521 Intensive conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuous…

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf74 Recent felling and transition

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management

lcf82 Water bodies management

lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)

lcf913 Extension of water courses (cons.)

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (cons.)

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (form.)

lcf93 Coastal erosion (cons.)

lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (cons.)

lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (form.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown (cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown (form.)

12.44. Mean annual conversions of dry semi-natural LC [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-200 0 200 400 600 800

lcf13 Development of green urban areas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures

lcf53 Conversion from wetlands to agriculture

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management (cons.)

lcf81 Water bodies creation

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other thanLCF91)

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other thanLCF912)

lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)

lcf913 Extension of water courses (form.)

12.45. Mean annual conversions of wetlands and water LC [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Romania

13

CLC Changes 2006-2012

CLC Changes 2000-2006

Romania

14

Drivers of change 2006-2012

Drivers of change 2000-2006

Romania

15

Artificial sprawl 2006-2012

Artificial sprawl 2000-2006

Romania

16

Agriculture 2006-2012

Agriculture 2000-2006

Romania

17

Forest and nature 2006-2012

Forest and nature 2000-2006