Rod Madsen Presentation

8/6/2019 Rod Madsen Presentation

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Surface Monitoring Instrumentation

for Carbon Sequestration

RodMadsen

RECS2011


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Leaks?

Why Surface Monitoring? To demonstrate that storage is a permanent

sequestration option

Help refine the field deployment technologies forlarge scale injections

Track migration over time for validation andcalibration of model predictions and monitoringtools

Assure the public that human health and theenvironment are high priorities Establish baseline conditions Refine early warning tools of storage leaks and

diagnosis of why storage may leak


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Fly-over CO2

measurements


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Spatial Sampling

Temporal Sampling


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Spatial and Temporal

FCO2

(CO2soil - CO2

chamber) +

mass flow

1. CO2soil not disturbed2. P

bench~P

ambient

3. CO2chamber = CO2air4. Pchamber=Pambient5. Good mixing6. No disturbance to soil moisture,

temperature or radiation

Requirements for a good measurement


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Requirement: Minimal Soil DisturbanceCO2

soil not disturbed Slowly close & open thechamber

Requirement: Pbench~PambientFlow Control


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Requirement: Pbench~PambientFlow Control

If no pressure controller, Pbench~ -10 kPa at 3 LPM


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Requirement:Pcham=Pambient

Key features:New pressure vent design

Requirement: Good Mixing

tV

f

ot eCC

=

Current LTC, 5.6 cm offset, flow=1.5 LPM

Time (s)

0 100 200 300 400 500

CO2(ppm)

0

200

400

600

800

Observed CO2 Response

Perfect Mixing (90% flow)

Perfect Mixing (110% flow)

Pump

V

Co

f

Soda lime


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Requirement: No disturbance to soil moisture, temperature orradiation

Key features: Move the chamber away when not in measurementmode

Perfora

ted

Basepl

ate

Mead cornfield testing

2005


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Results: 2005 Mead corn field

Day of Year

266 270 272 274 276

SoilCO2

flux(molm

-2s

-1)

0

1

2

3

4

Temperature(oC)

0

10

20

30

40

Within Row

Between RowTemperature

3.3 mm rain event

Frost event (-2oC)

a. FCO2

higher within row than between rows

b. Rain event enhancedFCO2

c. Diurnal variation inFCO2 became smaller after a frost

Sniffing CO2 with the LI-8100A


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400

450

500


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SECARB

Site Monitoring ActivitySECARB


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SW Partnership

SW Partnership


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Midwest Regional

Midwest Regional


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Midwest Regional

Soil CO2 Flux

Eddy Covariance Tower

MVA Conceptual


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Monitoring TableTechnique Equipment Parameters Application

Reservoir Pressure andFluid Composition

Pressure dataloggers andsample bombs in bothinjection and deep

monitoring wells

Formation and injectionpressure CO2, TDS, ph

Injectivity andheterogeneity Tracking CO2migration and leakage

through formations

Surface Vegetation Visual Monitoring Vegetation Stress Surface Seepage

Soil Gas and EddyCovariance

LI-8100/LI-7500 CO2 Flux Surface Seepage

Carbon Isotopes Modified LI-8100 samplingwith off site analysis orNETL portable Cavity Ring

Down Spectrometer(CRDS)

Indentify source of CO2 Surface Seepage

Groundwater Quality Well sampling withperistalic pumps for bothpurge and sample with off

site analysis

Ph, TOC/TIC, solublemetals

Shallow Groundwater

UIC Integrity Testing Hydrostatic pressure gaugeWire line tool (acoustic log)

Hydrostatic Pressure Test(HPT) Cement Bond Log(CBL)

Internal integrity of wellcasing

External integrity of casing

cement and borehole

Conclusions Surface CO2 measurements can be an important

part of a MVA protocol

A baseline understanding of the ecosystem CO2flux is essential for any type of leak detection

A combination of diurnal and spatialmeasurements can answer the backgroundquestions fast and effectively

Public perception is key

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Rod Madsen Presentation