BookOf

&

By: Jason Flach

Key: Names of minerals in the three rock sections

will be italicized Igneous rocks can be found on the blue

colored pages Sedimentary rocks can be found on the

green colored pages Metamorphic rocks can be found on the

orange colored pages Minerals can be found on the red colored

pages

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Igneous rocks

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GraniteGranite is a coarse grained rock, meaning

that the pieces that make it up are 1mm or larger. Coarse grains are formed because of

slow cooling during formation. Granite contains mostly quartz and feldspar minerals.

Fun Fact: Granite was used to make both the pyramids in Egypt and Stonehenge in

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ObsidianObsidian is actually volcanic glass that

forms from very rapid cooling. There are no crystals in this rock because they didn’t have time to form. Molten material comes out of

volcanoes and cools extremely fast.

Fun Fact: Obsidian used to be used as tools like arrow heads or knives!

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AndesiteAndesite is a fine grained, extrusive rock.

That means that this rock has grains less than .25mm in size and was formed on the surface of the earth. This rock is primarily composed of plagioclase, but also includes other minerals like hornblende, biotite, and

pyroxene.

Fun Fact: Andesite is the main rock that makes up Mt. Rainier, the highest mountain in the Cascade Range. Mt. Rainier is also an active volcano!

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BasaltBasalt is a fine grained, extrusive rock as well.

Basalt is made of primarily pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar, and sometimes olivine. It is also formed from rapid cooling, but not as

rapid as obsidian rock.

Sedimen-tary

Fun Fact: Basalt is the rock that primarily makes up the Moon!

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Rocks

LimestoneLimestone is a rock mainly composed of

calcium carbonate. This means that it can form from carbonate material, like shells, coral, or

fecal matter. Limestone is used most commonly by humans for cement.

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Fun Fact: Limestone can form into caves because underground water can easily dissolve it!

SandstoneSandstone is a clastic rock, meaning that it is composed of broken pieces from other rocks.

Sandstone is formed in environments with a lot of sand, duh! These environments could include

beaches, deserts, flood plains, or deltas.

Fun Fact: Sandstone is the rock that makes up the Vermilion Cliffs National Monument!

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ConglomerateConglomerate is a coarse grained, clastic rock

consisting of large round particles. The stuff holding these large particles together is either smaller rock particles or cement. The larger

particles are a size greater than 2mm.

Fun Fact: The oldest minerals on earth, zircons, are found in conglomerates in the Jack Hills of Australia!

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FlintFlint is a hard chemical sedimentary rock that breaks with conchoidal fracture. This means that when flint breaks, it doesn’t follow any natural planes of separation. Flint is also a form of quartz and is also

commonly referred to as chert.

Fun Fact: Flint can be used to start a fire! Do you smell what The Rock is cooking?!

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Metamo-rphicRocks

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GneissGneiss is a foliated metamorphic rock, meaning that it has a banded or layered

appearance. It has granular minerals, usually made up of quartz and feldspar.

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Fun Fact: Gneiss rocks are some of the oldest found on the earth! Isn’t that nice?

SlateSlate is also a foliated metamorphic rock. It is formed from the rock shale through heat, pressure, and chemical processes. This rock

also splits into thin sheets.

Fun Fact: Slate is used to make both pool tables and roofing tiles!

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SchistSchist is too a foliated metamorphic rock. Schist often contains a lot of mica, which allows it to split into thin pieces. The mica pieces are those that are shiny in the picture

below.

Fun Fact: Most schist rocks started as a clay or mud before they went through metamorphism! Ain’t that some schist?!

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MarbleMarble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock because it is not banded. It is produced from

the metamorphism of limestone and is composed mostly of calcium carbonate.

Fun Fact: Most statues from history are made of marble. That is why they are subject to weathering!

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Minerals17

BiotiteBiotite is a group of mica minerals that are

clustered together. It is most commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Biotite is one of the easier minerals to identify because of its cleavage, making it

very easy to break into thin sheets.

Fun Fact: Biotite is often mistaken for gold by gold panners because of its bright bronze reflective colors!

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HornblendeHornblende minerals are a grouping of dark-

colored amphibole minerals that can be found in both igneous and metamorphic

rocks. It has two directions of cleavage and normally an elongated, blocky look to it.

Fun Fact: Although hornblende is commonly found worldwide, it is rare to find a good crystal!

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QuartzQuartz consists of two elements, one part silicon and two parts oxygen (SiO2). It is found in all three rock groups, igneous,

sedimentary, and metamorphic. Quartz is also a very durable mineral, to both

chemical and mechanical weathering.

Fun Fact: Quartz is the most abundant mineral on the surface of the Earth!

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OlivineOlivine is most typically found in either

mafic or ultra-mafic igneous rocks, meaning darker colored rocks. Olivine, along with other minerals usually crystallizes to form gabbros or basalt. These rocks are most

commonly found at divergent boundaries of tectonic plates.

Fun Fact: Olivine has been found in a lot of iron meteorites!

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References:Title Page: Rocks-http://thehappyscientist.com/files/Units/Rocks/Rocks%20banner.jpg

Minerals-http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/headers_96908/K_minerals1.gif

Page 1: http://0.media.collegehumor.cvcdn.com/80/70/2eb01271c86bc783bb3b642bdb990a50-the-evolution-of-dwayne-the-rock-johnson.jpg

Page 2:Granite-http://f.tqn.com/y/geology/1/S/g/V/granitesalinia.jpg

Page 3:Granite- http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/SedRx/Images/750weather1.jpg

Pyramid- http://www.allnaturalstoneinc.com/4-interesting-facts-about-granite/

Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson- http://www.wwe.com/f/styles/superstar_bio/public/talent/bio/2013/01/the_rock_bio_20130107.png

Page 4:Obsidian- http://guidobaru.edublogs.org/files/2014/11/Obsidian-2-urp33w.jpg

Arrowheads- http://www.kidsloverocks.com/assets/images/Obsidian-Arrowhead-320.jpg

Page 5:andesite- http://earthphysicsteaching.homestead.com/Andesite__MT.jpg

Rainier- http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1172/figures/tacoma.gif

Smoke- https://volcanocafe.wordpress.com/2013/10/30/types-of-volcanic-eruptions/

Page 6:basalt- http://f.tqn.com/y/geology/1/S/I/W/basalt_massive.jpg

Moon- http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/news/uploads/lrocwac643nm_nearside_1200p.png

Page 7:caves- https://fmss12ucheme.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/limestone-caves.jpg

Page 8:limestone- http://dnr.mo.gov/geology/geosrv/imac/images/calciticlimestonelg.jpg

Cave2- https://www.colourbox.com/preview/5162423-cave-stalactites-and-stalagmites-formations-limestone-caves.jpg

Page 9: sandstone- http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/sandstone.html

Cliffs- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermilion_Cliffs_National_Monument

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Page 10:conglomerate http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/images/conglomerate1.jpg

Australia-http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/JackHills_Location.jpg/220px-JackHills_Location.jpg

Page 11:flint-https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/7e/fa/50/7efa50a87457631f6a192d908c6fc8db.jpg

Fire-http://blog.theclymb.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Caveman-Campfire.jpg

Page 12: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gneiss.jpg

Page 13: gneiss1-http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/images/gneiss2.jpg

Gneiss2- http://www.worktopfactoryy.co.uk/portals/22/images/fluff/EncyclopediaImages/Gneiss.jpg

Page 14:slate-http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/6MetamorphicRocks/Slate/SlateFourColors.jpg

Pool-http://varsyshost.com/~pooltabl/wp-content/themes/theme1263/images/slider_img/slider-1.jpg

Roof-http://www.evergreenslate.com/images/roof-texture.jpg

Page 15:schist-http://www2.newark.ohio-state.edu/facultystaff/personal/jstjohn/Documents/Cool-Rocks/Manhattan-Schist_files/image002.jpg

Page 16:marble-http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/marble.jpg

Statue-http://b68389.medialib.glogster.com/media/5f0eb8e98d17de132a4d0a9b2b00ce147257911b3b5d29a26226095539751d46/acid-rain-stone-erosion-of-statue-1.jpg

Page 17:minerals-http://www.stepbystep.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Difference-Between-a-Rock-and-Mineral-Mineral.jpg

Page 18:biotite-http://www.daviddarling.info/images/biotite.jpg

Gold-http://www.sagolddiggers.com.au/gallery/gold%20bar.jpg

Page 19:hornblende1- http://www.kristallin.de/gesteine/Hornblende-Rosenberg_v.jpg

Hornblende2- http://www.geologicdesires.com/OKF-453a.jpg

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Page 20:quartz-http://www.healingwithcrystals.net.au/uploads/1/5/5/7/15572098/573739330_orig.jpg?210

Earth-http://solarviews.com/raw/earth/bluemarblewest.jpg

Page 21:olivine-http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/mineral/olivine/6olivine2645.jpg

Meteor-http://8pic.ir/images/70557151523813791047.jpg

1. "Igneous Rocks." Igneous Rocks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.

2. "4 Interesting Facts About Granite You May Not Know." Facts About Granite Slabs San Jose

Burlingame. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.

3. "Sedimentary Rocks." Sedimentary Rocks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.

4. "Metamorphic Rocks." Metamorphic Rocks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.

5. "Mineral Uses, Properties, Descriptions." Mineral Properties, Uses and Descriptions. N.p.,

n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.

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