ROCKS AND MINERALS

HOW ROCKS FORM

•SCIENCE ROCKS!!!!

MINERALS

CHARACTERISTICS

www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/min_intro.html&edu=high

AMETHYST (QUARTZ)

• Naturally occuring

www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/mineral_id1.html&edu=hig

ROSE QUARTZ

WHITE QUARTZSMOKY QUARTZ

• Inorganic

www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/min_types.html&edu=high

FOOLS GOLD

IRON PYRITE

• Solid

www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/silicates2.html&edu=high

• Definite crystalline shape

http://www.yuprocks.com/alist/amethyst3.shtml

• Definite chemical composition: 1 or more elements

http://www.yuprocks.com/glist/garnet5.shtml

MOST COMMON MINERALS

Silicates: 96%

Carbonates

Oxides

http://www.yuprocks.com/clist/calcite3.shtml

http://www.yuprocks.com/elist/epidote5.shtml

http://www.yuprocks.com/blist/beryl1.shtml

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond

ROCK

Made up of 2 or more minerals

IGNEOUS ROCK

http://mineral.galleries.com/rocks/igneous.htm

IGNEOUS ROCK

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

METAMORPHIC ROCK

• Which type of rock would have formed first on the original crust?

• Igneous

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

METAMORPHICROCK

IGNEOUS ROCK

Magma

Sediments

High TemperatureHigh Pressure

Melting

Cooling Crystallization

Weathering Erosion

Lithification(compaction & cementation)

Examples: sandstoneShalelimestone

Examples:slatemarblegniessquartzite

Examples: granitebasaltpumice

Examples: sandsiltclay

ROCK CYCLE

http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html

• In your own words, describe how each type of rock could turn into each of the other types of rock.

calcite

shells

limestone

marble

deposition

lithification

High heat & pressure

silicate

sand

sandstone

quartzite

deposition

lithification

High heat & pressure

silicate

clay silt

shale

slate

deposition

lithification

High heat & pressure

magma

Granite

gneiss

Cooling & Crystallization

High heat & pressure

Mineral grains aligned in thick layers (foliation); less than 50%

magma

Granite

schist

Cooling & Crystallization

High heat & pressure

Mineral grains aligned into thin layers (foliation); 50% or more

basaltgreen stone

Green schist

Cooling & Crystallization

heat & pressure

More heat & pressure

EXTRUSIVE (cools quickly)

INTRUSIVE (cools slowly)