Robotics

The History of Robots 2000 B.C.: lever action dogs in Egyptian tomb. Middle Ages: movable figures on clocks. Automatons: a human-like figures that moved

automatically.

The History of Robots 14th Century: Strasbourg - mechanical rooster

that flaps its wings & crows at noon.

The History of Robots

19th Century: a Canadian inventor built “The Steam Man”. It could walk in a circle and blow a whistle.

“Robot”

Comes from the word “robota” which means “forced labor” in Czechoslovakian.

Word “robot” first used in a play by Karel Capek in 1921. Title: R.U.R(Rossum’s Universal Robots)

Robots made to free humans from hard work. Given human emotions, then wanted their freedom. Rebel against humans, annihilating everyone except

company founder. Realize mistake, no one left who knows how to make

spare parts. Two Thumbs Up!!!!

A costume from “R.U.R”

Elektro & Sparky

• New York World’s Fair - 1939

• Elektro could count on his fingers, walk, and give Sparky commands, and tell the difference between red & green.

Robot Laws “I Robot” by Isaac Asimov

1950 #1: A robot may not injure a human being or

through inaction allow a human being to come to harm.

#2: A robot must obey orders given if by human beings except where such orders conflict with the First Law.

#3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

ENIAC - The First Computer

ENIAC - The First Computer

Early Beginnings 1954: G. Devol - primitive

programmable arm. 1975: V. Scheinman developed

Programmable Universal Manipulation Arm (PUMA), capable of moving an object & placing it in any orientation in a desired location.

What is a Robot ? “A robot is a reprogrammable,

multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices, through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.”

What is a Robot ? Manipulator: The robot must have a

mechanical arm. Reprogrammable: The robot must

have a computer-based controller which can be programmed through software.

Multifunctional: Robots must be versatile - capable of performing different tasks.

System Components

ManipulatorEnd EffectorControllerSensors

Manipulator The mechanical arm. Function is to move the end

effector to different positions in space and change its orientation.

Must be strong enough to carry workpieces, yet flexible and precise.

End Effector Tool or device on the end of the

robot arm to perform a task. Most common is a gripper for

grasping and picking up objects. Could also be a tool such as a

welding gun or a spray painting attatchment.

Controller Device to control the motion of the

robotic arm. Calculates motion of each joint to produce

proper arm movement. Monitors motion of each joint and sends

commands to control speed & correct positioning errors (feedback).

Reads input data & sends output signals to activate grippers, tools, or other devices.

Communicates between operator & robot.

Sensors Internal or external devices that

provide data on the position of the motors or joints. (feedback)

External: limit switches.

Robots at Work - Flame Cutting

Robots at Work - Welding

Robots at Work - Lifting

Robots at Work - Painting

By:

C. Spangler

South Colonie High School