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ECCLESIASTICAL SEALS4 December 2014
The Swedenborg Hall20-21 Bloomsbury Way
London WC1A 2TH
Head Office
TimeLine Auctions Limited
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Sale Number: 37b
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Please see page 2 for bidder information including
after-sale collection
Please see pages 238 and 240 for
Terms and Conditions and Absentee Bid Form
(also downloadable from our website)
Illustrations
Front and back cover: Lot 744
Ecclesiastical Seals 4 December 2014: From 2:45 pm (Lot 744-759)
King Robert the Bruce of Scotland& Dunfermline Abbey Cokete Seal Matrix Pair 3Ecclesiastical Seals 12
Explanation of Symbols
z Lots illustrated on our website, liveauctioneers.com and the-saleroom.com but not in this catalogue
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missed lots or bids due to network speed or down-time. Bidders are reminded that our website carries high-resolution enlargeable colour
images of all of the items illustrated in this catalogue, together with items not illustrated in print. An Absentee Bidding Form is included at the
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Collection and StorageAll lots will be available for collection from The Swedenborg Hall up to 7 pm on the day of the sale, after which time they will be sent for storage.
Lots will be available to collect from our Essex premises from Monday 8 December 2014, after which storage charges may apply.
Notice to BuyersSome lots will require export licences in order to leave the UK or EU, please contact us for advice if required. We try to provide information
regarding general condition, restorations, repairs and damage for each lot but this is necessarily subjective. The absence of specific information
does not imply that the lot is free from defects or that it is in good condition. Bidders should satisfy themselves in all respects by personal
inspection before bidding. Estimate ranges are provided for general information only and are given in Pounds Sterling (£); and for antiquities,
approximate equivalents in Euros (EUR) and US Dollars (USD). Hammer prices may fall outside the ranges indicated. All bids and payments
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How to Find the Auction VenueThe Swedenborg Hall is located in the heart of London, aproximately 200 metres from Great Russell Street and the British Museum.
The nearest London Underground stations are Holborn and Russell Square.
Local HotelsThere are several hotels within a short walking distance, including The Holiday Inn and The Thistle Hotel in Bloomsbury.
TimeLine AuctionsContents
Ecclesiastical SealsLots
744 - 759
Seal of the Regality of the Abbeyof Dunfermline
4
TimeLine AuctionsEcclesiastical Seals
The use of seals, are essentially implements or tools for impressing
a design into clay or wax to validate a document, to identify the
sender, or to prevent interference, was first attested in ancient
Mesopotamia, where cylinder seals were commonplace. The
Egyptians used seals, often in the form of a scarab, on the doors of
tombs and as signets; the Romans and Byzantines used personal
and official seals extensively, and Chinese imperial officials took great
pride in their large seals of jade. Seals have always been items of
status, produced for an individual person, office, or institution and
carefully protected.
Some are of generic and simple design, others are very complex and
may be inscribed with the name and titles of the bearer, an invocation
to gods, an assertion of rights or another sentiment; some convey a
curse on anyone interfering with them. Intaglio gemstones and other
materials were also used as seals or incoporated in their fabric. In
Britain and in continental Europe, the use of seals as a 'signature'
and to validate documents became de rigeur for all levels of society
from the middle Saxon period onwards. Royal seals on charters and
grants, seals of cities, corporations, boroughs and religious
foundations, seals of office, and personal seals confirming
commercial or legal documents were both highly recognisable and
esteemed. Many bore easily identifiable iconography at a time when
few ordinary people were literate.
King Robert the Bruce of Scotland and Dunfermline Abbey Cokete Seal Matrix Pair
Seals were also made and used where certain rights had been
assumed or conferred. The practise of a monarch to allow a borough
or church institution the right to collect and use revenues from
customs duties or taxes, for example, is reflected in the use of 'cokete'
seals.
Such a seal for Dunfermline Abbey is offered in this sale; it was used
to indicate that the taxes or duties payable on goods had been paid
over to the Abbey. These rights might be granted by a monarch for
limited periods or purposes, such as that granted to the 'Mayor and
Community' of Waterford by Richard II in 1388 for a period of three
years for the purpose of building or maintaining the walls and
defences for the city (see Patent Roll, 12 Richard II) or in perpetuity,
such as that to Dunfermline Abbey as a religious offering to the
church and to God. Other examples known for Scotland include that
for the Regality of Melrose (14th century AD), Inverness and
Cromerty, Strathearn (in the person of the Earl of Strathearn, 14th
century AD) and the City of St Andrews (16th century). In Scotland,
especially, the obscure term 'cokete' has historically been applied
since at least the 13th century AD to a 'seal of the customs house' or
a document bearing such a seal as evidence that customs duties had
been paid. It was usual for a 'Clerk of the Cokete' to be appointed to
hold the seal and authorised to issue customs documents. It has been
reasonably suggested that the name comes from the Latin phrase
'quo quiets est' (by which he is quit) which are the normal last or
closing words on a customs house receipt of the Medieval period.
5
TimeLine Auctions Ecclesiastical Seals
For abbeys, monasteries, hospitals and other religious centres, seals
were made for the institution itself (often referred to as 'communities'),
specifically for officials serving that institution in a particular position
or office (such as the 13th century seal of the almoner of St
Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, offered as lot 1013 in the TimeLine
Auctions sale of 30th May 2014) and for individuals associated with
it. In general, the larger and more impressive the seal, the greater the
importance of the institution or the higher the rank of the individual.
The legal phrase 'signed, sealed and delivered' confirmed the
legitimacy and authority of any transaction document.
A high ranking church official might have the use of several seals; he
might hold the primary seal of the institution, used on documents of
high importance for the body as a whole; he would also have had a
seal for his use in his office generally, plus a personal seal (often
circular) for private use or used as a 'counter' seal to further validate
the document.
The manufacture of seal matrices was a specialist occupation (by
'sigillarii') and, from about the middle 13th century onwards, the most
commonly used material was a copper alloy. Most seals for
institutions and important rights are circular and of large size, whilst
most office or personal seals for clerics and churchmen were vesica
(pointed oval) in shape. Large and important seals were usually made
in pairs and used in a press to form the large wax seal impression
over a strip of parchment by which it was attached to the document.
In Britain during the medieval period, the material used for receiving
the seal impression was a mixture of beeswax, often with pine resin
added, and a coloured filler, usually red or green.
6
TimeLine AuctionsEcclesiastical Seals
ROBERT THE BRUCE
& DUNFERMLINE ABBEY
Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, was born 11 July 1174 and
acceded to the throne in 1306. He is revered to Scots as perhaps the
most important figure in the history of Scottish independence. He was
a great-grandson of David I and, with William Wallace and others,
revolted against the English under Edward I. He was a Guardian of
Scotland among other claimants to the throne and, in 1302, agreed a
peace with Edward I. On the death of his father in 1304, Robert
resumed his claim to the Scottish throne and, after killing John Comyn
and being excommunicated, he was crowned at Scone on 25 March
1306. He had mixed fortunes against the English, losing a battle and
fleeing the country before returning in 1307 and defeating the English
at Loudoun Hill. The death of Edward I and the succession of the
weak Edward II in England in 1307 allowed Robert to continue to
establish his reign and authority by defeating other claimants to the
throne until he held his first parliament in 1309, at St Andrews;
continued fighting over the next few years established his control over
most of Scotland. His greatest war triumph came when he defeated
the much larger English army, under Edward II, at Bannockburn in
June 1314 and this allowed him to threaten large parts of northern
England. He recaptured Berwick in 1318, long a bone of contention
between England and Scotland. The culmination of his reign was the
recognition by the Pope of Robert as undisputed king and of Scotland
as an independant nation; in 1327, by the Treaty of Edinburgh-
Northampton, Edward III finally renounced the English claim to rule
Scotland. Robert died in 1329, his heart was buried in Melrose Abbey
and his body in Dunfermline Abbey, with which he had so long been
associated; his tomb is today marked by a magnificant brass.
Queen Margaret, descended from pre-Norman kings of Wessex and
England, was married to King Malcolm III of Scotland in 1070. She
founded Dunfermline Abbey in 1072 and in 1250, she was canonised.
As St. Margaret, her worship was enshrined at Dunfermline Abbey,
which fictively claimed that Margaret herself had founded the
monastic community and went so far as to create a ‘foundation
charter’ in her name. Margaret was born in exile in Hungary along
with her brother Edgar Ætheling, (circa 1051–circa 1126), the children
of Edward the exiled King of England. She returned to England in
1057 with her kinsmen, but had to flee to Scotland after the Norman
invasion of England of 1066. She was noted for her charitable works,
including the establishment of a ferry across the Firth of Forth for
pilgrims travelling to Dunfermline Abbey, after which the towns of
South Queensferry and North Queensferry took their names. She was
the mother of three later kings of Scotland and a queen consort of
England.
Shortly after his accession to the throne in 1124, David I raised the
Church of the Holy Trinity, at Dunfermline, to the rank and dignity of
an Abbey, and translated to it a colony of 13 Benedictine monks from
Canterbury, in England - this carrying out the pious wishes of his
deceased brother and predecessor. In 1124 the monastic community
of Dunfermline thus numbered 13 Culdees (non-monastic devotees)
and 13 Benedictine monks. King Robert I had a longstanding
connection with the abbey of Dunfermline. After his death, possibly
from leprosy, the king was buried there, beneath what was then the
centre of the church, below the high altar and next to his second wife,
Elizabeth de Burgh, but not before his heart was removed and buried
at Melrose Abbey. His tomb, lost for centuries, was rediscovered
during building works at the abbey in 1818 when workmen uncovered
a sealed vault containing a decayed oak lead-lined coffin, still draped
in shreds of gold cloth. The king’s skeleton was reburied, with some
ceremony, the following year and still rests within the abbey, which
now bears the legend ‘KING ROBERT THE BRUCE’ around its rebuilt
eastern tower.
7
TimeLine Auctions Ecclesiastical Seals
Provenance
Property of a London gentleman; previously with Ebenezer
Henderson, before 1878 (see his Annals of Dunfermline, p.766 where
he lists items related to Dunfermline, including these matrices, then
in his possession); by inheritance from S. Henderson after 1867; by
presentation from the Hon. Sir William Ogilvie, 2nd February 1867;
exhibited at the library of the Society of Advocates, early 19th century
(possibly by Ogilvie or his father); referred to by Laing (see below) in
1850 as having “been in possession of the writer of the Annals for a
great many years”. Accompanied by the Art Loss Register certificate
reference number 1418AR.
John Graham Dalyell (1775-1851), son of Sir Robert Dalyell, 4th
Baronet, was an advocate, naturalist, author and antiquary, a member
of the Society of Arts for Scotland (president, 1839-1840); the seal
matrices are recorded as having been kept in the library of the Society
of Advocates, Edinburgh, of which he was a member, in the late 18th-
early 19th century period.
William Ogilvie, Baronet of Nova Scotia (succeeded to the title on the
death of his father, 1824), of Carnoustie, presented the seal matrices
to S. Henderson (father of Ebenezer Henderson) in 1867.
Dr. Ebenezer Henderson (1800-1879), of Muckhart, was the son of a
Dunfermline watchmaker. As a boy he displayed a great taste for the
scientific study which subsequently gained him the position of
importance which he occupied in scientific and literary circles; he was
elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical and Royal Antiquarian
Societies, while a degree of LL.D was conferred on him by an
American college. His work on the Annals of Dunfermline (published
1879, in which he confirms that the matrices were in his possession
from at least 1878) greatly influenced the government’s decision, in
1856, to recognise Dunfermline as a city. In recognition of his
valuable services he was made a Freeman of the City of Dunfermline
in 1859.
744
KING ROBERT THE BRUCE OF SCOTLAND
AND DUNFERMLINE ABBEY COKETE SEAL MATRIX PAIR
Commissioned to be cut 10th July 1322 AD
The Cokete Seal of Dunfermline Abbey matrix pair, contained in a
hinged wooden box with velvet-lined recesses and labels; the seal
matrix in two parts with locating posts (these inserted and soldered
in place) and sockets; the obverse matrix (with posts) depicting
(reversed and incuse) St. Margaret, founder and benefactress of the
abbey, in robe and crown with a sceptre, between two heater shields
bearing the royal arms of Scotland (a lion rampant within a double
tressure) and the arms of Dunfermline Abbey (a cross moline among
five martlets) with the Lombardic legend to the border +S’ COKETE
REGALITATIS DE DVNFERMELYNN (Cokete Seal of the Regality
of Dunfermline); the reverse (counterseal) matrix with heater shield
within foliage depicting the royal arms of Scotland and border with
the Lombardic legend +ROBERTVS DEI GRACIA REX SCOTORVM
(Robert, by the Grace of God, King of the Scots) with floral ornament
and quatrefoil stops; the antique, custom made, wooden box with old
paper and ink label to the lid with monochrome depiction of the
counterseal; also with paper labels to the inside of the box with
handwritten text ‘The Cokete Seal of the Regality of Dunfermline
presented to S. Henderson by Hon. W. Ogilvie - Cowden’s Muck(h)art
2nd February 1867’ and ‘The Cokete Seal of the Regality of
Dunfermline A.D. 1323 - Vide Dalyells Monastic Antiquities page 72:
8
TimeLine AuctionsEcclesiastical Seals
- Mercers History of Dunfermline page 63 Chalmers’s History of
Dunfermline no.1 page 253 (E. Henderson 2 Feb. 1867)’; also with
inked date ‘Feby 2d 1867’; offered with original editions of three books
(listed below) which refer to this matrix pair and a bound set of
research notes. 337 grams total, matrices 55mm diameter, case
87mm square (Matrices 2¼, case 3½"). Extremely fine condition;unobtrusive ancient hairline edge cracks from use to obverse seal.
Unique and very important.
£80,000 - 120,000 EUR 101,500 - 152,250USD 128,310 - 192,470
Footnotes
A Cokete Seal was used by customs officials. Seal matrices were
important artefacts with legal standing; they were kept securely and
would normally be destroyed when obsolete or damaged; this pair
show signs of usage wear and the beginnings of cracking at the
edges resulting from the pressures exerted when used in a seal press
to force the beeswax mixture fully into the design recesses. It is
possible that the pair was discarded from use when the damage
became evident but before the matrix broke and it was then
inadvertently preserved.
9
TimeLine Auctions Ecclesiastical Seals
Contemporary documents:
1) Robert the Bruce royal charter of 1315 AD to Dunfermline Abbey:
"Robert, by the grace of God King of Scots, to all upright men in his
whole land, greeting: Know ye that, for the safety of our own soul and
that of our predecessors and successors, Kings of Scotland, we have
given, granted, and by this our present Charter, have confirmed to
God, the Blessed Mary the Virgin, the Church of the Holy Trinity, and
St. Margaret, Queen of Dunfermlyn, and to the monks serving and to
serve God for ever in the same, the right of patronage of the vicar
Church of Inverkeithing, with the pertinents, as freely and quietly, fully,
peacefully, and honourably as the predecessors formerly of Roger de
Moubray, knight, who had forfeited it to us, have held and possessed
the said right of patronage most freely, quietly, and honourably in all
things, by rendering to us nothing therefore by only the suffrages of
their prayers: Besides, we give and grant, and, by this our present
charter, confirm to the foresaid monks, the whole of our new great
Customs from all their lands within our kingdom, viz., the land of the
burghs of Dunfermlyne, Kirkcaldy, Musselburgh, and Queensferry,
and from all their other lands whatsoever; To also let the said monks
have and use their own Koketa, according to the liberties of their
regality, and our present concession in all their foresaid lands; and
let this Koketa be acknowledged and admitted by all burgesses and
our people, and foreign merchants throughout our whole kingdom,
without obstruction from our chamberlains, or other servants of ours
whatsoever for the time being, without petition from any other
allocation of liberation, by finding for this our donation and concession
of the said Customs for us and our successors, in honour of God and
the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the aforesaid Blessed Margaret in the
Choir in front of her shrine, one wax candle solemnly lighted,
continually and forever. In testimony whereof we have caused our
seal to be attached to our present Charter, these fathers being
witnesses. William, and William, Bishops of St. Andrews and
Dunkeld; Bernard, our Chancellor, the Abbot of Aberborthick; Duncan
and Thomas Randolph, of Fife" (Registrum de Dunfermelyn, No. 346,
p.232-233);
2) Royal writ of Robert the Bruce dated 10th July, 1322 to the
Magistrates of Bruges: "Robert, by the Grace of God, King of the
Scots, wishes prosperity and a continual increase of happiness to our
very dear friends, the Magistrates and Ministers of the Burgh, and the
whole community of the City of Bruges, Know ye, that from a regard
to Divine charity, we have granted to the religious men, the Abbot and
Convent of Dunfermline, our Monks, the whole of our large Customs
from all their lands within our kingdom, in free, pure, and perpetual
alms; wherefore we have thought, wherever and whenever your
merchants with their merchandise, shall present to you in due form
the seal of the said religious men, your whole community should be
requested to be careful to receive it as our own proper Seal. In
testimony whereof we send you these our letters patent. Given at
Scone, on the tenth day of July, in the sixteenth of our reign”
(Registrum de Dunfermelyn, No. 596, p.415; Fernie’s Hist. Dunf.
pp.195-196; Mercer's The History of Dunfermline from the Earliest
Records Down to the Present Time, pp.306-307);
3) For the year 1322 AD, from the records of Dunfermline Abbey: "The
Cocquet Seal of the Regality Court of Dunfermline was engraven this
year by sanction of King Robert the Bruce, by Chapter, dated at
Scone, 10th July, 1322, along with letters patent to all who paid
customs at Bruges, in Flanders, or elsewhere, notifying that wherever
this Seal was in due form produced, it was to be recognised as the
authority for collecting the customs granted to the Abbey by the King,
&c."
4) Great Customs of Dunfermline. Robert the Bruce intimated, by
Charter, to his Great Chamberlain, that the Abbey had a gift of the
Great Customs of Wool, Skins, and Leather, arising from their own
lands and men throughout the whole kingdom. This Charter is dated
“Forfar, 10th September, 1322.” (Registrum de Dunfermelyn, p. 247,
No. 362; Dal. Mon. An. p. 20, also p. 252, No. 369.)
10
TimeLine AuctionsEcclesiastical Seals
Published citations:
1) Dalyell, John Graham, A Tract Chiefly Relative to MonasticAntiquities, with Some Account of a Recent Search for the Remainsof the Scottish Kings Interred in the Abbey of Dunfermline, Edinburgh,
1809, pp.72-73 and plate (illustrating a lead impression of the
obverse) - with an original edition of this book.
2) Mercer, Andrew, The History of Dunfermline from the EarliestRecords Down to the Present Time, Dunfermline, 1828, p.63,
footnote.
3) Chalmers, Rev. Peter, History of Dunfermline, Blackwood & sons,
1844, vol. 1, p.253.
4) Laing, Henry Descriptive Catalogue of Impressions from ScottishSeals, Edinburgh, 1850, pp.215-216, numbers 1190 and 1191 ("This
and the counter seal following, are fine and interesting specimens, in
most excellent preservation. The design of this one is an elegant full-
length figure of Saint Margaret, with an open crown of three points.
In her right hand she holds a scepter, and a book in her left. At the
dexter side is a shield bearing the arms of Scotland, and at the sinister
another, with a cross fleury between five martlets, being the paternal
arms of the Queen. The back-ground is elegantly ornamented with
foliage. S COKETE REGALITATIS DE DVMFERMLYN. Counter Seal
of the last. Merely containing the arms of Scotland. Foliage surrounds
the shield. ROBERTVS DEI GRACIA REX SCOTORVM". This seal
is and has been in possession of the writer of the Annals for a great
many years") - with an original edition of this book.
11
TimeLine Auctions Ecclesiastical Seals
5) Dunfermline Press, Dunfermline, Thursday, 1 September 1859,
cols. 6-7, report of the Presentation of the Freedom of the City and
Dinner to Dr. Henderson (wherein his speech mentions the Cokete
Seal, among others) - with a printout of the newspaper article.
6) Henderson, Dr. Ebenezer, Annals of Dunfermline, Glasgow, 1879,
pp.107-147 and 766 (for a list of items in the possession of the author)
- with an original edition of this book.
7) Birch, Walter de Gray, Catalogue of Seals in the Department ofManuscripts at the British Museum, British Museum, 1895, vol. IV,
numbers 15,512 (a contemporary red wax impression) and 15,513
(19th century sulphur casts from these matrices) - with a copy of these
entries.
8) National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, reference K.1999.802
(19th century sulphur cast of the obverse matrix), with a printed image
of this cast;
Literature
Harvey, P. D. A. and McGuiness, Andrew, A Guide to British MedievalSeals, British Library and Public Record Office, 1996, pp.41-42 and
fig 36 (for brief discussion of customs service and cokete seals,
illustrated with an example for Inverness and Cromarty); see
TimeLine Auctions, 19 June 2013, lot 1322 (part) for an electrotype
of a cokete seal for Winchester.
12
TimeLine AuctionsEcclesiastical Seals
745
MEDIEVAL ‘ALEXANDER OF THORPE’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design of a
robed figure standing beneath a tracery arch with raised hand, a
chalice on altar before; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘S’
ALEXSANDRI DE TORPI’ (seal of Alexander of Thorpe [-in-Balne]);
accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.
7.08 grams, 33mm (1½"). Very fine condition.
£400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760USD 640 - 960
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found Thorpe-in-Balne, near Doncaster, Yorkshire, UK.
746
MEDIEVAL MADONNA AND CHILD VESICA SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A large bronze seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design
of Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) within a trefoil arch with
cross above, a smaller arch below between towers with supplicant
figure of a praying tonsured monk; to the border the Lombardic script
legend ‘S’ CONVENTVS F R M PREDICATORUM VRG’ M’ (seal of
the convention ... of the preachers of the Virgin Mary?); accompanied
by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 18 grams,
46mm (1¾"). Very fine condition.
£1,200 - 1,800 EUR 1,520 - 2,280USD 1,920 - 2,890
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found near Rochester, Kent, UK.
747
MEDIEVAL ‘KING OF THE ENGLISH NATION’ SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank
and loop above; intaglio design of a standing crowned figure of the
king holding a sceptre and with an eagle to his side, above a robed
supplicant figure praying; to the border the Lombardic script legend
‘A[V?E?] REX GENTIS ANGLORV’ ([hail?] king of the English
nation); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data
cards. 3.71 grams, 20mm (¾"). Very fine condition.
£600 - 900 EUR 760 - 1,140USD 960 - 1,440
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found near Blyth, Northumberland, UK.
748
MEDIEVAL ‘ST HELENA’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank
and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of a robed standing female
figure holding a cross with head inclined towards a robed kneeling
figure praying in a field of trefoils; to the border the Lombardic script
legend ‘*SC HELENA.PRO.ME.ORA‘ (‘Saint Helena pray for me);
accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.
11 grams, 26mm (1"). Very fine condition.
£400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760USD 640 - 960
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found Firle, East Sussex, UK.
749
MEDIEVAL ‘JOHN OF MESSINGHAM’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank
and quatrefoil loop above; intaglio design of Madonna and Child
(Mary and Jesus) with tree within an arch, lateral towers and stars
above, kneeling supplicant in panel beneath; to the border the
Lombardic script legend ‘S’IOH’ISDEMESSINGHAM’ (seal of John
of Messingham); accompanied by an impression and collector’s
relevant data cards. 8.71 grams, 23mm (1"). Very fine condition.
£500 - 800 EUR 630 - 1,010USD 800 - 1,280
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found near Louth, Lincolnshire, UK.
745
746
747
748
749
750
MEDIEVAL ‘HALDARD’ CORPUS CHRISTI OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section
shank, collar and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of the crucifixion
in one arch and Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) in the other, a
robed supplicant beneath with chalice; to the border the Lombardic
script legend ‘MATER QV[...] HALDARD’ (mother [of God?]
...Haldard); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant
data cards. 20 grams, 33mm (1¼"). Very fine condition.
£400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760USD 640 - 960
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found Gringley-on-the-Hill, Nottinghamshire, UK.
751
MEDIEVAL ‘ST CATHERINE’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank
and trefoil loop above; the intaglio design of a facing female figure
holding a spoked and spiked wheel, a frond to each side; to the border
the Lombardic script legend ‘*SAVNCACATERINA’ (Saint Catherine);
accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.
13 grams, 27mm (1"). Extremely fine condition.
£300 - 500 EUR 380 - 630USD 480 - 800
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found Norfolk, UK.
752
MEDIEVAL ‘ST CATHERINE’ CIRCULAR SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank
and quatrefoil loop above; intaglio design of a quatrefoil with a
tressure of arches, within which a facing female figure with a spiked
wheel in her left hand and robed kneeling figure praying at
her side; to the border the Lombardic script legend
‘CATINA:VIRGO:DIVINA:CLEMENT[IS]S[I]MA’ (Catherine the most
merciful divine virgin); accompanied by an impression and collector’s
relevant data cards. 16 grams, 29mm (1¼"). Extremely fine condition.
£600 - 900 EUR 760 - 1,140USD 960 - 1,440
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found Thaxted, Essex, UK.
753
MEDIEVAL ‘QUEEN OF MERCY’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze seal matrix with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio
design of a haloed facing Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) and
robed supplicant figure praying below, beneath an arch; to the border
the Lombardic script legend ‘+SALVE REGINA MISERICORDE’
(Save [me] O Queen of Mercy); accompanied by an impression and
collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 35mm (1½"). Very finecondition.
£500 - 800 EUR 630 - 1,010USD 800 - 1,280
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found near Canterbury, Kent, UK.
754
MEDIEVAL ‘ST JOHN THE BAPTIST’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section
shank, collar and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of a standing
figure of St John within an arcade with trefoils and tracery holding a
circular object; a kneeling supplicant figure before, to the border the
Lombardic script legend ‘ECCExAGNVSxDEI’ (Behold, the Lamb of
God’); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data
cards. 15 grams, 29mm (1¼"). Fine condition, small chip to edge.
£200 - 300 EUR 250 - 380USD 320 - 480
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found Worcester, Worcestershire, UK.
13
TimeLine Auctions Ecclesiastical Seals
750
751
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755
MEDIEVAL ‘GABRIEL AND MARY ANNUNCIATION’ VESICASEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze seal matrix with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio
design of a double arch with central balustered column and abbey
buildings above, a winged male figure (Gabriel) in one arch
addressing a facing robed female (Mary) in the other, a tonsured
supplicant below with hands raised; to the border the Lombardic script
legend ‘MISS:EST GABRIEL AD MARI’ (Gabriel is sent to Mary);
accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.
6.73 grams, 31mm (1¼"). Very fine condition.
£600 - 900 EUR 760 - 1,140USD 960 - 1,440
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found near Jervaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, UK.
756
MEDIEVAL ‘ST. STEPHEN’ CIRCULAR SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze ‘chess piece’ stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank,
collar and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of a standing robed figure
holding stones with fronds in the field; to the border the Lombardic
script legend ‘*SANCTVS-STEFANVS’ (Saint Stephen);
accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.
22 grams, 34mm (1½"). Extremely fine condition.
£1,000 - 1,500 EUR 1,270 - 1,900USD 1,600 - 2,410
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found near Boston, Lincolnshire, UK.
757
MEDIEVAL ‘ST PETER’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze stamp seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio
design of a standing St. Peter, facing, holding a book and a key, stars
and crescents in the field; to the border the Lombardic script legend
‘TV ES PETRVS ET SVP HAC PETRA’ (you are the rock and on this
rock); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data
cards. 11 grams, 31mm (1¼"). Extremely fine condition.
£800 - 1,200 EUR 1,010 - 1,520USD 1,280 - 1,920
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found Blyth, Northumberland, UK.
758
MEDIEVAL ‘ST ANDREW’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze stamp seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio
design of St. Andrew facing, tied to a saltire cross; to the border the
Lombardic script legend ‘S’ WILI’.CADELLANI+ANDREA:PIE’ (seal
of William Cadellan, Andrew [the pious?]); accompanied by an
impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 26mm (1").Extremely fine condition.
£1,800 - 2,400 EUR 2,280 - 3,040USD 2,890 - 3,850
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970s; found Dalton-le-Dale, County Durham, UK.
759
MEDIEVAL ‘ST JOHN THE BAPTIST’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD
A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section
shank, collar and loop above; intaglio design of a facing nimbate
figure of St John standing with frond and holding a miniature lamb-
and-flag icon; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘ECCE
AGNVS D[?]EI’ (Behold, the lamb of God); accompanied by an
impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 28mm (1").Very fine condition.
£400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760USD 640 - 960
Provenance
Acquired in the 1970’s; found Knapton, Yorkshire, UK.
14
TimeLine AuctionsEcclesiastical Seals
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TimeLine Auctions
Important Notices & Cataloguing Protocols
1. Interpretations and Definitions: the following terms generally
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4. Condition: items are briefly described with respect to condition
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It should be noted that items having significant age, sometimes
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5. Dating: dates may be given in several forms, as examples
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527 AD - an item that bears a date upon it or that can otherwise
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6th century AD - an item that can be dated with considerable
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Circa 6th century AD - an item that can be approximately dated by
comparison with other pieces;
Probably 6th century AD - an item that is likely to be of this period
in the light of similar pieces;
Possibly 6th century AD - an item that might be of this period by
comparison with items of a broadly similar character; and
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After the Antique - an item made as a reproduction, usually of quite
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practice or course of dealing.
(a) In consideration for TimeLine accepting goods for sale, the
Seller agrees to be bound by these terms and conditions.
(b) In consideration for TimeLine accepting a Buyer’s bid at the
Auction, the Buyer agrees to be bound by these terms and
conditions.
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the Seller only. TimeLine does not act for or give advice to Buyers.
Buying at TimeLine Auctions
12. General Conduct of Auction: TimeLine shall have absolute
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conduct of any Auction. TimeLine shall have absolute discretion
to refuse entry, decline bids and expel any person from the Auction
whether present in person or by agent or proxy or attending by
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14. Lot Descriptions: all Lots are offered ‘as seen’ and ‘as is’. The
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that reports are provided as a service to interested clients.
Descriptions therein are not warranties and all Lots are offered ‘as
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16. Estimates: estimates are for general guidance only and Lots
may sell outside their range. Buyers must make their own
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the Lot is knocked down. The auctioneer shall conduct the Auction
at his sole discretion for all matters, accept Bids from any source
and may exercise bids on behalf of Absentee Bidders or on behalf
of Sellers up to any Reserve. Bidding shall be in pounds sterling
only and generally in accordance with the increments set out
below:
(a) £0 to £99 – in increments of £5
(b) £100 to £199 – in increments of £10
(c) £200 to £499 – in increments of £20
(d) £500 to £999 – in increments of £50
(e) £1000 to £1999 – in increments of £100
(f) £2000 to £4999 – in increments of £200
(g) £5000 to £9999 – in increments of £500
(h) £10000 to £19999 – in increments of £1000
(i) £20000 to £49999 – in increments of £2000
(j) £50000 to £99999 – in increments of £5000
(k) £100000 to £249999 – in increments of £10000
(l) £250000 and up – in minimum increments of £20000
20. Absentee Bidding: Registered Bidders may leave Absentee
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website or in writing by mail, email, fax or other delivery means
and will be automatically exercised at the Reserve Price or at one
bid increment above any competing Bid up to the submitted
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21. Commission Bidding: while Bidders are advised to attend the
Auction and to bid in person, TimeLine will accept written
instructions in advance of a live Auction from a Registered Bidder
to personally execute bids on behalf of the Bidder up to a stated
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22. Internet Bidding: live, real-time bidding is available to Bidders
through the independent bidding services at liveauctioneers.com
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through the increased Buyer’s Premium applicable to internet
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all circumstances. TimeLine are not responsible for any technical
failure or otherwise which results in bids not being received.
23. Telephone Bidding: facilities for telephone bidding are
available at live Auctions at the discretion of TimeLine for Bidders
on Lots with a low estimate in excess of £400 and must be booked
and confirmed in advance. It is a condition for acceptance by
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undertakes to execute a minimum Bid at the low estimate sum.
TimeLine offers telephone bidding as a free service but no liability
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appoint a person to bid on their behalf, then this must be agreed
and authorised in writing by TimeLine in advance of the Auction;
a deposit may be required.
25. Value Added Tax: VAT is charged and invoiced on an inclusive
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Premiums and other charges. Where marked with a ‘dagger’ (†)
symbol VAT will be payable on the Hammer Price in addition.
26. Payment: the Purchase Price becomes due and payable when
the auctioneer knocks the Lot down.
(a) The full Purchase Price must be paid in Pounds Sterling and
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insured after the Lot has been knocked down.
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TimeLine does not insure property in transit but can arrange
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annual rate of 8% per annum from time to time to be calculated
on a daily basis from the date upon which such monies became
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any proceeds against the amount owing by the Buyer to TimeLine;
(g) To apply any monies received from the Buyer in payment or
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to reject a bid from the Buyer at a future Auction.
31. Buyer’s Indemnity: the Buyer agrees to indemnify TimeLine on
Terms & Conditions
TimeLine Auctions
Absentee Bidding Form
a full indemnity basis against all legal and other costs, all losses
and expenses incurred as a result of TimeLine taking steps under
the previous paragraph.
Selling at TimeLine Auctions
32. Seller’s Representations and Warranties: in submitting goods
for sale, the Seller warrants and represents to TimeLine that he is
the owner of the Lot or is duly authorised to sell the Lot by the
owner and that he is legally capable of selling the Lot and of
transferring full title to the Lot. The Seller also warrants that, to the
best of his knowledge and belief, the Lot is genuine and that the
description given to the Lot is accurate. The Seller warrants that
he has complied with all requirements legal or otherwise relating
to any export or import of the Lot and all duties and taxes in
respect of the export or import of the Lot have been paid and as
far as he is aware all previous third party owners have complied
with such requirements.
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TimeLine as a result or in connection with:
(a) Any claim made against TimeLine concerning the authenticity
of any Lot;
(b) Any alleged or actual infringement, whether or not under
English law, of any third party’s Intellectual Property Rights or
other rights arising out of the Auction or sale of the Lot.
34. Selling Commission: The standard rate of selling commission
payable to TimeLine shall be 18% of the Hammer Price (VAT
inclusive).
35. Additional Charges: TimeLine may levy additional charges
regarding:
(a) Collection of goods from Seller’s premises, storage of goods
submitted for sale by a Seller and storage of Lots unsold;
(b) Further charges at the discretion of TimeLine on advance
warning to the Seller for any unusual research, special or
additional imaging, testing, consultation with external specialists,
conservation, cleaning or other services concerned with
presenting the Lot, including VAT or other taxes or duties as
applicable.
36. Lots: all goods submitted to TimeLine will be lotted and
catalogued at the sole discretion of TimeLine; antiquities, antiques
and collectables Lots with a low estimate of £200 or less and coins
Lots with a low estimate of £100 or less will not normally be
illustrated in any printed catalogue; estimates are provided for
information only and Hammer Prices may differ from the estimated
range.
37. Rights to Photographs, Illustrations and Documents: the seller
gives Timeline full and absolute right to photograph or illustrate
any Lot submitted for sale and to use such photographs or
illustrations and any photographs, illustrations or documents
provided by the seller at any time and at TimeLine’s absolute
discretion (whether or not in connection with any Auction).
38. Reserve Price: The seller may set a Reserve Price on any Lot
where the low estimate exceeds £120 subject to agreeing that an
Unsold Fee will become payable for any such Reserved Lot which
fails to sell; in addition the Seller agrees that the auctioneer may
accept a bid received at one bid increment or 10% of the Reserve
Price (whichever is higher) below the Reserve Price sum if
necessary to sell the Lot.
39. Withdrawal of Lots: Once entered for sale, Lots may be
withdrawn by the Seller only upon payment to TimeLine of a
withdrawal fee which shall be 6% (VAT inclusive) of the low
estimate or Reserve, whichever is higher. TimeLine reserves the
absolute right to withdraw any Lot from sale for any reason.
40. Unsold Lots: in the event that a Lot is not sold no selling
Commission is payable unless the Lot was subject to a Reserve
Price in which case a sum of 6% (VAT inclusive) is payable by the
Seller to TimeLine. Charges for storage, insurance and other
charges remain payable by the Seller to TimeLine at its discretion;
the Seller is responsible for collection of the unsold goods
immediately following the Date of Sale.
41. Payment to Sellers: the Net Proceeds of the Auction (Hammer
Price less Selling Commission, insurance and any other charges
or expenses at TimeLine’s absolute discretion) will become due
and payable to the Seller 30 days following the Date of Sale
provided that TimeLine have received cleared payment of the
Purchase Price in full from the Buyer.
42. Insurance for Sellers: if the Seller wishes for TimeLine be
responsible to the Seller as bailee for any loss or damage to the
Lot being consigned, then:
(a) The Seller shall agree to pay 1.5% of the Reserve or low
estimate, or of the Hammer Price if sold, whichever of them is
greater, to TimeLine for payment of insurance;
(b) TimeLine shall not be liable for loss or damage to a Lot if
caused by act(s) of terrorism, war, natural disaster or other
uninsurable event.
(c) TimeLine does not insure any Lot after it is knocked down.
(d) An excess of £200 shall apply to all claims.
Legal Matters
43. Sale of Goods Act: The terms implied by sections 13 to 15 of
the Sale of Goods Act 1979 are, to the fullest extent permitted by
law, excluded.
44. Severance: If any provision or part-provision of these terms
and conditions is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it
shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to
make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not
possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed
deleted. Any modification to or deletion of a provision or part-
provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and
enforceability of the rest of the terms and conditions.
45. Governing Law: these terms and conditions and any dispute
or claim arising out of or in connection with them or their subject
matter or formation (including non-contractual disputes or claims)
shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law
of England and Wales.
46. Jurisdiction: each party irrevocably agrees that the courts of
England and Wales shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any
dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with these terms
and conditions or its subject matter or formation (including non-
contractual disputes or claims).
47. Disputes: in the event that the Buyer or Seller has any dispute
in relation to a Lot which has been sold, that dispute must be
notified to TimeLine in writing within 14 days following the Date of
Sale in order that TimeLine can hold the proceeds pending
resolution of the dispute. In the event of deliberate forgery being
claimed for any Lot, the Buyer shall submit two opinions in writing
from recognised experts for consideration; the inability of different
experts to agree shall not be sufficient grounds and TimeLine may
investigate or consult with others at their discretion. TimeLine will
have no liability to the Buyer and Seller after a period of 14 days
as then TimeLine will release monies and make payments to
Sellers in accordance with these terms and conditions.
Sale: 4 December 2014Name: Office use only
Address: Date Received:
Telephone: Bidder No:
E-mail:
Please bid on my behalf for the following lot(s) up to the maximum bids given below. I understand that a successful bid will
additionally incur a 21% Buyer’s Premium Inclusive. I agree to pay all sums due promptly, including shipping, insurance and other costs as may be relevant. I am
over 18 years old. Bids must be in accordance with the increments given in our Terms and Conditions.
Absentee bids must be received by no later than 9 pm on 1 December 2014, unless submitted by e-mail or in person.
I confirm that I have read and agree to accept the Terms and Conditions of Sale.
Signed: Date:
If successful, I wish to pay for my purchases by:
Cash/Cheque/Debit Card/Credit Card/Bank Transfer/......................................................................................................................................*
*delete as required
Lot NoItem
DescriptionMax Bid £ Lot No
Item
DescriptionMax Bid £
Terms & Conditions