HIGHWAY PLANNING ANDDEVELOPMENT PROCESS

LECTURE 2

CHALLENGE OF HIGHWAY ENGINEERINGsafe and efficient transport servicethat conserves or enhances the social, natural and built environment

TODAYunderstanding the process of highway planningdemonstration of the role of demonstration of the role of flexibility and creativity

HOWcould we plan a

GOODGOODfacility?

What are the makings of a

GOODGOODdesign?

How could theQUALITY

be assured alongthe planning process?the planning process?

Which layout is better?

The layout is judgedin the

CONTEXTCONTEXTof the facility

Rkczi t

Would this one be better?

Is this layout acceptable?

Economical context

Social context Is it familiar?

Context of natural and built environment

Environment

Society

Economy

SDSDSDSD

The BALANCE

among numerous aspects, effects and interestsaspects, effects and interests

should be found

GOOD DESIGN satisfies the safety and

mobility needs preserves and protects

the environmental and cultural values

TheGOOD DESIGN

isisin context

with its surroundings

TheGOOD DESIGN

isin context

with its surroundings

The optimal solutionachieves the

GOALSGOALSand solves the PROBLEMS

The GOALS

summarize Societythe needs

Environment Transportation

Definiteand

measurableGOALSGOALS

INDICATORS

The goals should be ranked

by theirimportanceimportance

The solutions could be

evaluated and comparedin the frame of the goalsin the frame of the goals

A definitePROBLEM LISTis the best base

to determine the possible solutions

Problemsare easiest

to be determinedin the relation of the goals

PROBLEM GOALS

Could I sleep? Reduced noise

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIONsite observanceobjective analysisconsultation

and the significance of problems

Always theCAUSES

of the problemsshould be should be identified!

The SUITABILITYof the solutions

should be appraised

in reflection of goals and problems

The appraisal should include

EACH OBJECTIVE

Performance targetscould be set

to the indicators

Indicators are weighted

based on their importanceimportance

If there are noconflict-freesolution

thanthe harmful effectsthe harmful effects

should be compensated

STAKEHOLDERS SHOULD BE INVOLVED into the identification of

design context

There aredifferent LEVELS

of public participation

level of interest

phase of planning process

INFORMATIONfor the stakeholders

InformationInformationInformationInformation

CONSULTATIONfor including opinions

InformationInformationInformationInformation

ConsultationConsultationConsultationConsultation

DECIDING TOGETHERwith the affected decision-makers

DecisionDecisionDecisionDecision

InformationInformationInformationInformation

ConsultationConsultationConsultationConsultation

PUBLIC PARTICIPATIONcan significantly

increasethe success and the success and

acceptance of the project

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Determining objectives

Assessing problems

Identifying possible solutions

Appraising alternatives

The group of involved

stakeholdersand

the level of participationthe level of participationshould be carefully

determinedIt is counter productive to involve the public in decisions which are not negotiable or which have been already made

The extent of decisions

which can be affected

by the participation by the participation should be clearly stated

Consultationmight not always be

appropriate!

Howto makeGOODGOODdesigns?

The basic geometric parameters

which determines the physical characteristics of physical characteristics of

the road are given by the

standards

GOOD DESIGNSrequires more than

JUSTthe application of the the application of the

standards!!!

The roadshould be designedIN THE CONTEXT of its social andof its social andenvironmental surrounding

Balanced design requires

FLEXIBILITY

BAD DESIGNout of context with its surroundings

impacts on important natural and human resourcesresources

FAILED

Everyroad project is

UNIQUEThere are no general designs

The task is toFIND BALANCE,

the safe integration of needs and surroundings

Standardsprovide

range of flexibility for applying for applying

geometrical parameters

In case of UNACCEPTABLY MAJOR

IMPACTS design exceptions are design exceptions are

possibleBut only if there is really no other solution!

In certain casesthe EARLIER

design decisions could be revisedrevised

Could cause a lot of delay

PLANNING PROCESSstarts with the identification of needsends with the construction

The road should be in context with The road should be in context with its surroundings all along!

PLANNING PROCESSseveral distinct phases, with considerable overlap

Planning

Project development

Final design

Construction

CONCEPT

PLANNING PROCESSdesign concept assures the frame going through the planning phases

Every element should be part of the overall concept!CONCEPT the overall concept!

Project development

Final design

Construction

Planning

The DESIGN SCALEdepends on the overall concept and the function of the road

Aspects of the pedestrian or the driver?!Later about this or the driver?!Later about this

PLANNINGIdentification of needs, objectives and problems

Project development

Final design

Construction

Planning

PLANNINGPublic participation is key element

Project development

Final design

Construction

Planning

PLANNINGMain task is the determination of the expected

social, environmental, environmental, economical, traffic

effects

The DECISIONS OF THE PLANNING PHASEinfluence and limitthe design possibilitiesof the later stagesof the later stages

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT analyze the possible alternatives and technical solutions

Project development

Final design

Construction

Planning

The feasibility of several alternativesshould be analyzed

including the Do nothing alternative and the alternatives of traffic management systems

Environmental Impact Assessmentits level depends on the scale and impact of the project

Designer should be SENSITIVE

to the context of the projectcontext of the project

FINAL DESIGNthe product is a complete set of plans, specifications, and estimates of required quantities of materials

Detailed design occurs in the middle of the process!middle of the process!

Project development

Final design

Construction

Planning

ThePARAMETERS

andSOLUTIONS

to be applied are determined to be applied are determined by the

project development phase

CONSTRUCTIONtakes place

after the final design phase

After constructionMAINTENANCE

and OPERATIONOPERATION

begin

In practicedifferent design typesbelong to the planning phases

MASTER PLAN OF SETTLEMENTS

Land use

Space for main transportation transportation strategies

FEASIBILITY STUDYProposed alternatives

Environmental Environmental Impact Assessment

Includes detailed cost-analysis

AUTHORIZATION PLAN

Demonstration of applied technical solutions

Base for approval of authorities

TENDER DOCUMENTATION

Information needed for proposal

Detailed estimates of quantities

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION

Technological details

Spatial-temporal organization

Reflects the aspects Reflects the aspects Reflects the aspects Reflects the aspects of the contractor!of the contractor!of the contractor!of the contractor!

FACILITY DOCUMENTATION

Documentation of the constructed facility

Deviations during constructions

FUNCTIONAL DESIGN integrates the planning process

Cross Section

Design speed Alignment

Functional classification

The FUNCTION of road facilities is to assure access and mobility

Main roads

Collector roads

Side roads

Functional classification is not always exact

fi. downtown sections of main roads

The function of roads can change

Land use changes

Traffic patterns also change

The function of the road COULD BE PRESERVEDby supervisingthe change of theland use

In Hungarythe roads are classified intoDESIGN CLASSSESbased on their functions determines the design speed and the their functions determines the design speed and the main technical parameters

Inside design classesthe environmental conditions

assures the necessaryFLEXIBILITY

Rural

A Flat

B Hills

C Mountains

Urban

A Loose, not sensitive

B Loose, sensitive

C Dense, not sensitive

D Dense, sensitive

SUMMARYThe planning process is SUCCESSFUL

if every phase is integrated into one concept, ensures public participation from the ensures public participation from the beginning of the processuses flexible, creative solutions for integrating the road and its surroundings