Which words arethe hardest? Focus on thetough ones!

Student:______________________

Date:______________________

Teacher: Marijana Nikolic

RIVERSBy: tijana sekulicSource: www

Vocabulary

Directions: Study the following keywords and definintions.1. deposition -(n) - Testimony legally taken on interrogatories and reduced to writing, for use

as evidence in court.2. drainage -(n) - the act of removing water from below the surface of an area.3. glacier -(n) - A field or stream of ice.4. intermittent -(adj) - Stopping and starting5. meander -(v) - To turn and wander in different directions.6. opposite -(adj) - Completely different.7. recede -(v) - To move back or away.8. regime -(n) - The method or government that rules a country.9. sediment -(n) - Small solid pieces that settle to the bottom of a liquid.

10. variable -(adj) - Having a tendency to change.11. ephemeral -(adj) - lasting only for a day; being precious because it is so short-lived12. surplus -(n) - Extra; more than is needed.13. exceeds -(v) - To go beyond the limit.14. formations -(n) - Organized group.15. stored -(v) - To keep something that is not in use.16. precipitation -(n) - The quantity of water fall (rain, snow, etc.) within a period of time.17. depleted -(v) - To decrease the amount of something18. rate -(n) - A ratio that compares two different measurements.19. discharged -(v) - To release something or someone.

Reading

Directions: Read the following passage carefully.

Fill out the 'K' and the 'W' columns before you read, and then use the 'L' column to take noteswhile you read.

K W L

What do you KNOWabout this subject?

What do you WANT to knowabout this subject?

What did you LEARNabout this subject?

1. Underline important parts of the text.2. Circle words or phrases in the text that you don’t know.3. Put a question mark (?) next to statements you have a question about.4. Put a check mark (✓✓) next to statements that you agree with.

THE RIVERS

A river is a large, natural stream of flowing water. Rivers are found on every continent and on nearly every kind of land. Some flow all yearround. Others flow seasonally or during wet years

Most but not all rivers flow on the surface. Subterranean rivers flow underground in caves or caverns. Such rivers are frequently found inregions with limestone geologic formations. Subglacial streams are the braided rivers that flow at the beds of glaciers and ice sheets,permitting meltwater to be discharged at the front of the glacier. Because of the gradient in pressure due to the overlying weight of theglacier, such streams can even flow uphill.

An intermittent river (or ephemeral river) only flows occasionally and can be dry for several years at a time. These rivers are found inregions with limited or highly variable rainfall, or can occur because of geologic conditions such as a highly permeable river bed. Someephemeral rivers flow during the summer months but not in the winter. Such rivers are typically fed from chalk aquifers which rechargefrom winter rainfall. In England these rivers are called bournes and give their name to places such as Bournemouth and Eastbourne.

The beginning of a river is called its source or headwaters. The source may be a melting glacier, the source could be melting snow, suchas the snows of the Andes, which feed the Amazon River. A river's source could be a lake.

The end of a river is its mouth. Here, the river empties into another body of water—a larger river, a lake, or the ocean. Many of thelargest rivers empty into the ocean. A river delta is a landform that forms at the mouth of a river, where the river flows intoan ocean, sea, estuary, lake, or. Deltas form from deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth.

The longest rivers in the world are the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America. Both rivers flow through many countries. Forcenturies, scientists have debated which river is longer. Measuring a river is difficult because it is hard to pinpoint its exact beginningand end. Also, the length of rivers can change as they meander, are dammed, or their deltas grow and recede.

From its source, a river flows downhill as a small stream. Precipitation and groundwater add to the river's flow. It is also fed by otherstreams, called tributaries. For instance, the Amazon River receives water from more than 1,000 tributaries. Together, a river and itstributaries make up a river system.

A drainage basin is an area of land where precipitation drains downhill into a body of water. It includes the main stream and tributaries,as well as the land surfaces the water drains from.

A river regime is the variability in its discharge throughout the course of a year in response to precipitation, temperature, and drainagebasin characteristics.

The water balance affects how much water is stored in a system. In wet seasons precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration whichcreates a water surplus. Ground stores fill with water which results in increased surface runoff, higher discharge and higher river levels.This means there is a positive water balance. In drier seasons evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. As plants absorb water groundstores are depleted. There is a water deficit at the end of a dry season.

Volumetric flow rate, also known as discharge, volume flow rate, and rate of water flow, is the volume of water which passes through agiven cross-section of the river channel per unit time. It is typically measured in cubic metres per second

Interesting geography

Flip-Flopping Flow

The Amazon River used to flow in the opposite direction. Today, the river flows from the mountains of Peru in the west to the AtlanticOcean in the east. But millions of years ago, it actually flowed from east to west, emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The flow flipped whenthe Andes mountains started growing at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 65 million years ago).

Rule: The suffix able adds "can" or "can be done" to the meaning of a word, like drinkable. When we want to add the same meaning to a root that is not a complete word, we spell it ible, like horrible.

Identify 3 important supportingdetails that contribute to themain idea of the passage.

1)

2)

3)

Identify 2 details that are notvery important to the main ideaof the passage.

1)

2)

Write 1 brief paragraphsummarizing the main idea ofthe passage. Use the importantdetails to support yourdiscussion of the main idea.

Focus on Grammar

To describe two actions (verbs) that are happening at onetime, we use the word "while", as in "She sings while sheworks."To describe an action (verb) that takes place at the sametime as an event (noun), we use the word "during", as in"He slept during the movie"What actions or events happen at the same time in thesentence(s) below?

Directions: Identify how the while_or_during is used in the sentence(s) below1. Others flow seasonally or during wet yearsMost but not all rivers flow on the surface.

2. Others flow seasonally or during wet yearsMost but not all rivers flow on the surface.

3. Some ephemeral rivers flow during the summer months but not in the winter.

Word Roots & Stems

Directions: Identify the word that ends with -able in each sentence and write it on the line.1. These rivers are found in regions with limited or highly variable rainfall, or can occur because of geologic conditions such as a

highly permeable river bed.

2. These rivers are found in regions with limited or highly variable rainfall, or can occur because of geologic conditions such as ahighly permeable river bed.

Directions: Fill in the blanks below, just as in the models.

drinkable drink + able The water here is not drinkable. visible vis + ible It is finanlly visible! Now I can see it! wearable wear + able ________________________________________________ laughable ____________ ________________________________________________ agreeable ____________ ________________________________________________ accessible ____________ ________________________________________________

Vocabulary Practice FILL IN THE BLANK

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

deposition drainage glacier intermittent meander oppositerecede regime sediment variable ephemeral surplusexceeds formations stored precipitation depleted ratedischarged

1. The ship sank after it ran into a _______________.

2. The army _______________d when they knew they were losing the battle.

3. Deforestationt is _______________ the rainforests.

4. The witness writes a _______________ for court.

5. After the war, there was a _______________ change.

6. After the war, many soldiers were _______________ from the army.

7. Their house had a problem with _______________, often causing their basement to flood.

8. The rain was _______________ all weekend.

9. Hot is the _______________ of cold.

10. The soccer players were in an offensive _______________.

11. Their love was _______________.

12. The weather is _______________ here, and changes from rain to sunshine several times a day.

13. The police gave him a ticket for driving to fast; he _______________ the speed limit by twenty miles an hour!

14. I have $20, the movie costs $10, so I have a $10 _______________

15. Miles per hour, heartbeats per minute, and price per pound are all _______________s.

16. He _______________ soap under the sink.

17. It takes her so long to go anywhere because she always _______________s off.

18. The storm brought several inches of _______________

A. depositionB. drainageC. glacierD. intermittentE. meanderF. oppositeG. recedeH. regimeI. sediment

J. variableK. ephemeralL. surplusM. exceedsN. formationsO. storedP. precipitationQ. depletedR. rateS. discharged

1.

2.

19. There is _______________ at the bottom of the bottle of some red wines.

MATCHING

Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps, feel free to alsodraw a line between the definition and the matching word.

1. _______ A field or stream of ice.

2. _______ To move back or away.

3. _______ To decrease the amount of something

4. _______ Testimony legally taken on interrogatories and reduced to writing, for use as evidence in court.

5. _______ The method or government that rules a country.

6. _______ To release something or someone.

7. _______ the act of removing water from below the surface of an area.

8. _______ Stopping and starting

9. _______ Completely different.

10. _______ Organized group.

11. _______ lasting only for a day; being precious because it is so short-lived

12. _______ Having a tendency to change.

13. _______ To go beyond the limit.

14. _______ Extra; more than is needed.

15. _______ A ratio that compares two different measurements.

16. _______ To keep something that is not in use.

17. _______ To turn and wander in different directions.

18. _______ The quantity of water fall (rain, snow, etc.) within a period of time.

19. _______ Small solid pieces that settle to the bottom of a liquid.

WRITE YOUR OWN SENTENCES

Directions: For each of the words in the box, write an original sentence using the word. Circle thevocabulary word in each sentence. Be sure to write a sentence that would help the reader betterunderstand the meaning of the word.

deposition drainage glacier intermittent meander oppositerecede regime sediment variable ephemeral surplusexceeds formations stored precipitation depleted ratedischarged

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LESSON:Aim: Grade: 9 Subject: Prepared by: Marijana Nikolic

Objectives:Students will be able to understand, pronounce, and use the words in the vocabulary list below.Students will be able to demonstrate comprehension of the passage by answering questions which require basic understanding andinterpretation of the content.

Standards addressed:

Vocabulary:1. deposition 2. drainage 3. glacier 4. intermittent 5. meander 6. opposite7. recede 8. regime 9. sediment 10. variable 11. ephemeral 12. surplus13. exceeds 14. formations 15. stored 16. precipitation 17. depleted 18. rate19. discharged

Activity Description Differentiation Guide Assessment

Introduction of vocabulary Introduce the new words fromthe vocabulary list in above(see Objectives) by modelingpronunciation, individual andchoral repitition.Review defintionsSample Questioning:

In your own words, explainthe definition.Who can think of a timewhen this word might beused?Can you use this word in asentence?What’s the antonym(opposite) of this word?

When appropriate, givedifferent types of learners anopportunity to write down thenew words, associate a visualimage to cue to understandingof the word, or develop aphysical action to increase thestudent’s ability to rememberthe new words.

ALL Students will be able toincrease their understandingand awareness of the newwords.SOME Students will beasked to orally demonstrateknowledge of new words.

Reading & ComprehensionQuestions

Students will read the passagesof and demonstratecomprehension of the contentby question.

Depending on the population:Read the entire passage aloud,to model phrasing and fluency.Pause at key moments andmodel good reading strategiesthrough a think aloud. Askstudents to volunteer to readparts of the passage aloud.Instruct students to read thepassage silently and completethe questions independently,while working with students whoneed more literacy help. Askstudents to complete thequestions by doing Think, Pair,Share

ALL Students will read thepassage or follow along as thepassage is read. ALL Studentswill strive to demonstratecomprehension of the passageby answering the questions.SOME students will be given anopportunity to share theiranswer aloud.

Grammar Students will review the usageof and then identifysimple_present in sentencesfrom the reading. Students willwrite 5 original sentences usingsimple_present.

Give students need time towork on completing their ownpractice sentences for thegrammatical structure. Inviteearly finishers to put theirsentences on the board orchallenge them to not only usethe grammar structure, but alsoinclude the vocabulary from thelesson in their sentences.

ALL Students will be able todemonstrate an increasedmastery of the grammarstructure by independentlywriting sentences that correctlyemploy simple_present.

Word Building: Roots andStems

Students will be encouraged totake away a word-attackstrategy from this lesson byreviewing -y, which was used inthe reading.

Students may benefit fromhaving time to complete thisportion of the worksheetindividually or in pairs.

ALL students will be able torecognize the suffix -y andunderstand The suffix ychanges a noun into anadjective, like dirty..

Practicing New Vocabulary Students will be given a chanceto practice applying newvocabulary by completing clozesentences.

Students complete this sectionof worksheet independentlyprior to group review of theanswers. When appropriate,have students work in pairs orsmall groups.

ALL Students will increase theirfamiliarity with the newvocabulary and their ability tosuccessfully use these newwords in context. Students whoget more than two of the clozesentences wrong should beasked do other reinforcement(i.e. flash cards).

Summary Instructor will review theobjectives of the lesson with theclass a whole.

The summary can becompleted as quick discussionor by asking student tosummarize in their notes.

Example quick assess: 3 newpieces of information from text,2 new words, 1 question aboutwhat they learned.

Fill-in-the-blank Answer Key:1) glacier 2) recede 3) depleting 4) deposition 5) regime 6) discharged 7) drainage 8) intermittent 9) opposite 10) formation 11) ephemeral 12)variable 13) exceeded 14) surplus 15) rate 16) stores 17) meander 18) precipitation 19) sediment

Matching Answer Key:A. 4B. 7C. 1D. 8E. 17F. 9G. 2H. 5I. 19J. 12K. 11L. 14M. 13N. 10O. 16P. 18Q. 3R. 15S. 6