Rise of Totalitarianism• Totalitarianism:

– a form of government which maintains total control of all aspects of its citizens’ lives:• Force (military), dictatorship, censorship, no political opposition allowed (one party dictatorship), social control

• Fascism: gov’t places good o/t nation above all else, including the individual – term created by Mussolini (Fascist Party)

• Extreme Nationalism• Totalitarianism / Dictator

– Willingness to severely enforce laws– No political rights– Do have economic rights– anti-communist

Weaknesses of the Weimar Republic

• Lack of experience with Democracy• Seen as Traitors.

– Why?• Devastated Economy

– reparations, debt, extreme inflation– extreme unemployment

• 1923: 1 trillion marks = .25cents• No strong leadership

– too many political parties• 1932 Nazis get 37% of vote

– Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor• Rise of THIRD REICH

The FURHER =

Rise of Fascism• Italians

– Rise of Benito MUSSOLINI – felt cheated by Treaty of Versailles– little experience with democracy– High unemployment, inflation, debt– fear of communist revolution

• 1922: Fascists March on Rome– Led by the Black Shirts– Corporatist State (professionally run)

• Agric., trans., manufacturing, commerce formed into syndicates (links public and private sectors)

“Il Duce” =

Adolph Hitler and the NAZI’s• BUILDING A BASE OF SUPPORT:• Appeals to Public Anger & Frustration (emotions)

– Promises jobs & full economic recovery– Hitler: War Guilt Clause, regain territory

– MEIN KAMPF (“My Struggle”; about NAZISM)• Scapegoating & Appeals to Fear

– Anticommunism, Jews (anti-Semitism)– Led to the _______________________

• Propaganda & Symbolism• Appeals to Extreme Nationalism & Patriotism• Focus on Military• ROME-BERLIN AXIS

– Italy-German treaty– Sought due to success when retook the RHINELAND

• UK did NOT think it worthy to go to war over• MUNICH PACT > APPEASEMENT

USSR under Joseph STALIN• Totalitarian:

– one-party state– police state– extreme nationalism– disregard for individual rights

• Great Purge– eliminate all opposition to Stalin– 1939: ^5 million ppl purged (GULAGs)– The Stalin Constitution– Politburo (Political Bureau)

• Five-Year Plans– “Command Economy”– ALL decisions made by government officials

Japan under Hideki TOJO

• Dictator of Japan in WW2• Instrumental in:

– the invasion of China– attack of Pearl Harbor– creating Japan’s Pacific

Empire

• Resigned before war’s end• Attempted suicide• Found guilty of “crimes

against humanity” and hung

C/C Hitler, Mussolini, & StalinAssess info on Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin’s and Tojo’s rise to power. Draw conclusions as to what circumstances and strategies allowed totalitarian leaders to take over, and as to whether that could happen again. (pgs. 898-916; 949-951) (For Tojo use the powerpoint)Each group will be assigned one of the following and you are to create a powerpoint SLIDE to present to the class.

• HITLER • MUSSOLINI •STALIN •TOJO