Rise of Nazi Germany and Beginning of World

7/30/2019 Rise of Nazi Germany and Beginning of World

1/39

Hitler and the Rise of

Nazi Germany

Spodek: 687-690


2/39

Why the Nazis could rise topower in Germany

Defeat in World War I Versailles TreatyEngland

and France StabbedGermany in the Back

Great Depression: HighEmployment, Low Profits,

People Lose Savings German Military Tradition:

Frederick the GreatPrussia; Otto VonBismarckUnified Germany;Luddendorf; Hindenburg

Anti-SemitismJews asScapegoats: Had all the

jobs; Controlled Politics;Had all the money (Noneof the above was true but itdidnt matter)


3/39

Adolph Hitler Emblematic of German

Problem: Only success came in

warwon a minor medal Believed that Germany

stabbed in the back

Germany should have wonthe war

Unemployed after thewarno jobs

Couldnt get into artschoolclaimed only Jewsgot in. He had no artistic

talent Formed a paramilitarygroup to substitute forGermany ArmyNationalSocialists


4/39

Adolph Hitler (continued)

Hitler promised Germans: Stability

Jobs

To be Proud Again

To Reverse the Versailles Treaty

To End Weak Democracy

To Get Rid of the Jews LebenstraumLiving Space forGermans


5/39

Fascism

Nation comes first Against Liberalism and

Liberal Institutions Irrational Politics

Emphasize Street

Fighting SA Storm Troopers

(Ernst Rohm)theywanted to get rid ofNazis enemies. Theywere called the Brownshirts

SSSchutzstaffel(Heinrich Himmler)they were called theblack shirts.


6/39

Key Dates

October 1929Great Depression

Summer-Fall 1932 German

Elections: Nazis win a majority: 230;Socialists 133, Center 97,Communists 89

The main points: Nazis won 42% of the

vote; no center; Nazis powerful butcant form government.


7/39

Key Dates Continued

President HindenburgNames Hitler Chancellor inJanuary 30, 1933.

Street Violence February 27 Reichstag

FireLegislature BuildingBurns Down March 5 New Elections:

Nazis 288; Nationalists 52;Center 74; Socialists 120;Communists 81; Others23Nazis win only 44% ofvote

March 23, 1933Reichstagpasses (with huge majority)the Enabling Act whichmade Hitler dictator untilApril 1, 1937

July 14, 1933Nazi Partywas made only legal party

November 12, 1933 Naziswin 92% of the vote

Main Point:

Only at this date doesHitler behave illegally July 1934-SS and Army

purge the SA and theybegin to secretly armthe army

1935 Denounces

Versailles Treaty 1936 Remilitarizes the

Rhineland


8/39

The Nazi Revolution

June 30 Night of the long knives Naziskill 77 people, mostly high ranking SAmembersErnst Roehm, Gregor Strasser

August 1 Law combining President andChancellor

August 2 Death of President vonHindenburg

August 19 Plebiscite approves Hitler asPresident with 88% voting yes


9/39

1936-1937 Four Year Plan

War materials

Industrialization

Autobahn VW

Daimler-Benz

General Motors Ford


10/39

Racism in Nazi Germany

Belief German Aryan RaceMaster Race Jews inferior

Slavs inferior

Gypsies inferior

Eugenics-Social Darwinism runamok

1935 Nuremberg Laws Identify Jews (with Yellow Star

Deprive Jews of Citizenship

Allows only so many Jews inspecific jobs

Outlaw marriage and sexbetween Jews and non-Jews


11/39

9 of November 1938

Night of Broken Glass orKristallnacht In response to

assassination of Germandiplomat in Paris: Nazis set synagogues

on fire Broke Jewish shop

windows Beat up Jews91

killed; thousandsinjured

Confiscated Jewishproperty Jews forbidden to

collect insurance 20,000+ Jews sent to

concentration camp


12/39

Why Hitler?

War VetsHated Government for Losingthe War

Middle ClassRuined by Inflation,Depression

WorkersUnemployed IndustrialistsHated Socialist Labor

Struggle More than economy/defeat:

Emphasized a cult of war, physical danger,sexuality, future, speed, a new life

Airplanes, car, radio


13/39

Goebbels and Riefenstahl

Goebbels was theChief PropagandaOfficer. Hepromoted radios.

By 1942, Germanyhad 23 millionradios

Leni Riefenstahlwas Hitlersfilmmaker.Triumph of Willand Olympiad


14/39

Hitlers Road to War

March 1938Annexed Austria

1938 German minority in Sudetenland(Czechoslovakia)

September 1938Munich Crisis Appeasement

ChamberlainThere will be peace in our Time

Spring 1939 Annexed all of Czechoslovakia

Summer 1939Nazi-Soviet NonAggression Pact


15/39

World War II in Europe

1 September 1939 Nazisinvade Poland

3 of September 1939England, France declare waron Germany

Hitler defeats Poland in a

month Phony War (September

1939- May 1940) May 1940 Germany invades

the Netherlands, Belgium,Luxembourg, and France

Battle of Britain

22 of June 1941 Germanyinvades Soviet Union.

1941 First ExterminationCamp Created


16/39

The Rise of Hitler


17/39

Hitler's Profile

1913 moved toGermany

Participated in WW1

won Iron Cross (theperson whorecommended him toget the Cross wasJewish).

1918 left war as wasblinded by gas

In the army after thewar to spy on political

groups withinGerman

He joins a party andtransforms it into theNazi party

Attempted tooverthrow the Bavariangovernment and wasput in prison for 9months

While in prison wroteMein Kampf (Mystruggle)


18/39

Hitler takes Power

Hitler blames Jewsand communists forthe great depression

Became chancellor in1933 and president in1934 used title ofDer Fuhrer (leader)

He nazified Germanyin the 1930s removing anyopposition and gettinghis ideas for a greater

Germany out there!


19/39

Why did he gain support?


20/39

What did Hitler do for Germany?

Network of motorways(new jobs and a moreefficient Germany)

Increased the numbersin the army

Stopped reparationsonce president putthat money into the

economyHitler gave money to

families that had morethan 4 children


21/39

Hilter Youth

Children would be vitalas they would be thefirst generation togrow up in the Nazi

world

Propaganda was acommon practice inNazi schools and the

education system.History was based on

the glory of Germany -a nationalisticapproach wascompulsory

"The weak must bechiselled away. I wantyoung men and womenwho can suffer pain. Ayoung German must be asswift as a greyhound, astough as leather, and ashard as Krupp's steel."


22/39

What Hitler did for the people

Investments in Carindustry

Volkswagon is

produced BMW to be produced

by those in camps

Farmers- higher prices

for their produceUnemployed workers

jobs creatingstadiums and roads

Restore profits ofsmall business (end

Women were Different but notinferior They had a

very important role asmother and caregiver

Destroyed tradeunions kept wageslow

Reward for industrieswho supported Hitler

Berlin Olympics newly built Olympic

stadium proof that


23/39

Concentration Camps


24/39

The Nazi's

Gestapo Secret Nazipolice

Could arrest anyoneand send them toconcentration campswithout trial

Aryan bodies blueeyes, blond hair

superior Books/Newspapers

that disagreed withNazi views were

burned

Berlin Olympics 1936 Germany winsmore medals than any

other country proving theirsuperiority

New technology at theOlympics electric

timing

Jesse Owens USA African American wins4 gold Hitler is

disgusted'


25/39

Why the Nazis could rise to power inGermany

Defeat in World War I

Versailles TreatyEngland and France StabbedGermany in the Back

Great Depression: High Employment, Low

Profits, People Lose Savings German Military Tradition: Frederick the Great

Prussia; Otto Von BismarckUnified Germany;Luddendorf; Hindenburg

Anti-SemitismJews as Scapegoats: Had all

the jobs; Controlled Politics; Had all themoney (None of the above was true but itdidnt matter)


26/39

Adolph Hitler

Emblematic of GermanProblem: Only success came in

warwon a minor medal Believed that Germany

stabbed in the back Germany should have

won the war Unemployed after the

warno jobs Couldnt get into art

schoolclaimed only Jews

got in. He had no artistictalent Formed a paramilitary

group to substitute forGermany ArmyNationalSocialists


27/39

Adolph Hitler (continued)

Hitler promised Germans:Stability

Jobs

To be Proud AgainTo Reverse the Versailles Treaty

To End Weak Democracy

To Get Rid of the Jews

LebenstraumLiving Space forGermans


28/39

Fascism

Nation comes first Against Liberalism and

Liberal Institutions Irrational Politics

Emphasize Street

Fighting SA Storm Troopers

(Ernst Rohm)theywanted to get rid ofNazis enemies. Theywere called the Brown

shirts SSSchutzstaffel

(Heinrich Himmler)they were called theblack shirts.


29/39

Key Dates

October 1929Great Depression

Summer-Fall 1932 German Elections:Nazis win a majority: 230; Socialists133, Center 97, Communists 89

The main points: Nazis won 42% of thevote; no center; Nazis powerful but cant

form government.


30/39

Key Dates Continued

President HindenburgNames Hitler Chancellor inJanuary 30, 1933.

Street Violence February 27 Reichstag

FireLegislature BuildingBurns Down March 5 New Elections:

Nazis 288; Nationalists 52;Center 74; Socialists 120;Communists 81; Others23Nazis win only 44%of vote

March 23, 1933Reichstagpasses (with hugemajority) the EnablingAct which made Hitlerdictator until April 1,

1937

July 14, 1933Nazi Partywas made only legal party

November 12, 1933 Naziswin 92% of the vote

Main Point:

Only at this date doesHitler behave illegally

July 1934-SS and Armypurge the SA and theybegin to secretly armthe army

1935 DenouncesVersailles Treaty 1936 Remilitarizes the

Rhineland


31/39

The Nazi Revolution

June 30 Night of the long knives Naziskill 77 people, mostly high ranking SAmembersErnst Roehm, Gregor Strasser

August 1 Law combining President andChancellor

August 2 Death of President vonHindenburg

August 19 Plebiscite approves Hitler asPresident with 88% voting yes


32/39

1936-1937 Four Year Plan

War materials

Industrialization

Autobahn

VW

Daimler-Benz

General Motors

Ford


33/39

Racism in Nazi Germany

Belief German Aryan RaceMaster Race

Jews inferior

Slavs inferior

Gypsies inferior Eugenics-Social Darwinism run

amok

1935 Nuremberg Laws

Identify Jews (with Yellow Star

Deprive Jews of Citizenship Allows only so many Jews in

specific jobs

Outlaw marriage and sexbetween Jews and non-Jews


34/39

9 of November 1938

Night of Broken Glass orKristallnacht In response to

assassination of Germandiplomat in Paris:

Nazis setsynagogues on fireBroke Jewish shop

windowsBeat up Jews91

killed; thousands

injuredConfiscated Jewish

propertyJews forbidden to

collect insurance

20,000+ Jews sentto concentration


35/39

Why Hitler?

War VetsHated Government for Losingthe War

Middle ClassRuined by Inflation,Depression

WorkersUnemployedIndustrialistsHated Socialist Labor

StruggleMore than economy/defeat:

Emphasized a cult of war, physical danger,sexuality, future, speed, a new life

Airplanes, car, radio


36/39

Goebbels and Riefenstahl

Goebbels was theChief PropagandaOfficer. Hepromoted radios.

By 1942, Germanyhad 23 millionradios

Leni Riefenstahl wasHitlers filmmaker.

Triumph of Willand Olympiad


37/39

Hitlers Road to War

March 1938Annexed Austria

1938 German minority in Sudetenland(Czechoslovakia)

September 1938Munich Crisis Appeasement

ChamberlainThere will be peace in our Time

Spring 1939 Annexed all of Czechoslovakia

Summer 1939Nazi-Soviet NonAggression Pact


38/39

World War II in Europe

1 September 1939 Nazisinvade Poland

3 of September 1939England, France declare waron Germany

Hitler defeats Poland in a

month Phony War (September

1939- May 1940) May 1940 Germany invades

the Netherlands, Belgium,Luxembourg, and France

Battle of Britain 22 of June 1941 Germany

invades Soviet Union. 1941 First Extermination

Camp Created


39/39

Made by Aman Kr. Singh

Teacher R.Kumar Sir

Copyright Subhodeep Sengupta.

Documents

Rise of Nazi Germany and Beginning of World