Roaring 20'sThe Depression

The Rise of Fascist and Nazi States

Following World War I• Countries renounced war• Encouraged international cooperation • In Europe recovery from the war was slow

• Backed by loans and other assistance from U.S.

• *In the United States during the 1920’s• The economy boomed• Industry grew• People were happy

• Dangerous under current of over-production

Sec.1& 2

1920’s in U.S.

• *WWI caused• Factories to expand• People moved from rural to

cities• Blacks migrated to north

• *After War• Factories retooled• Incomes rose• Sales and manufacture of consumer goods rose

Automobile’s *Ripple Effect

• Model T price dropped from $850 to $290• More jobs industries making parts for cars• More roads• New industries centered around the car motels,

service stations, tourist traps• Installment buying, buy now pay later

1920’s Society• Prohibition 1/15/20 18th Amendment• *Women’s place

• Suffrage 19th Amendment 1920• Work place changes due to the war• Appliances make house work easier creating free time

• *Cars • Created suburbs• Causing the nation to shrink

• Red scare 1919-20• Limited immigration

1920’s Sports, Arts and Fads

• Babe Ruth 60 homers 30yr record• First talking movie “Jazz Singer” 1927• Radio 1st in Pittsburgh 1920 by 1929, over

10 million • Jazz combines African rhythms with European

harmonies• Literature criticized American society

• Ernest Hemingway “Farewell to Arms” and F. Scott Fitzgerald “The Great Gatsby”

• Lucky Lindy was the greatest hero flew NY to Paris in 33 1/2hrs.

• Fads: flag pole sitting gold fish swallowing• *Flapper…young women rebels…lipstick, short

dresses (just below the knees)

Flag Pole Sitting

Conditions in Britain and France

Britain• Overseas trade lost• In deep dept• Irish Rebellion 1916• Former colonies

become independent• Canada, Australia,

New Zealand and So. Africa

France• Recovered faster due

to• Reparations• Territories recovered• Decentralized

industries• Maginot Line

*U.S. Economics

• Stock market soared Bull Market, • Many people bought stocks on the

margin. • Consumer debt rose 250% by 1929

• Farmers saw prices drop with demand after the war

• Labor unions were not supported by the government• Union membership dropped by 30%

*The Great Depression

• Created financial turmoil• Widespread suffering

throughout the industrialized world. • Businesses closed• Global trade declined• Unemployment and poverty

grew to unprecedented levels.

• New deal… Economic & Social reform

Fascism in Italy• Benito Mussolini and his

Fascist party established the first totalitarian state• Took advantage of economic

and political unrest

• *Fascism is rooted in • Extreme nationalism• Glorified action

• Violence, discipline, and, above all, loyalty to the state.

• March on Rome 1922• Emmanuel III

Sec. 3

*Totalitarian Rule

Used by Stalin and Hitler as a model1. Single party dictatorship2. State control of the economy3. Used secret police and terror to enforce will4. Strict censorship5. Used schools and media to indoctrinate

citizens6. Unquestioned obedience to single leader

Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

• *Germany’s Weimar Republic was weakened• Political disunity and runaway inflation• Blamed for the hated Versailles treaty

• War-guilt and reparations clauses

• *Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party• Appealed to extreme nationalism• Anti-Semitism• Anti-Communism• Resentment of the Treaty of Versailles

U. S. needed cash, investments in Germany stopped

Sec.4

*Hitler’s Third Reich• Establish a totalitarian state

• Using terror, repression, and one-party rule

• Controlled all areas of Germany life• Government, Religion, Schools

• The SS troops enforced • The secret police (Gestapo)

terrorized• Combined with SS in April of 1936

• Most cheered• Ended unemployment• Revived German power• Public works

Heinrich Himmler

Hermann Goering

Purging German Culture• Textbooks rewritten to reflect Nazi views• Banned books burned• Considered Christianity weak and flabby

• Muzzled the clergy• Closed church schools

"Youth Serves the Führer. All 10-year-olds into the Hitler

Youth."

Membership in the Hitler Youth had become mandatory in 1936.

Campaign Against the Jews

• *Nuremberg Laws prohibited• marriage to non Jews• Teaching in German schools• Holding Government jobs• Practicing law or medicine• Publishing books• Were not considered citizens of

the Reich• Hitler used the Jews as

scapegoats

“*Night of Broken Glass"

In two days, over 1,000 synagogues were burned, 7,000 Jewish businesses were trashed and looted, dozens of Jewish

people were killed, and Jewish cemeteries, hospitals, schools,

and homes were looted

Authoritarian Rule Grows in Eastern Europe

• A dozen Ethnic countries were carved out of the Old Hapsburg, Ottoman and parts of the Russian and German empires.

• People were not accustomed to a slow moving democracy

• Gave up their freedoms for something to eat• Stalin and Hitler divide Eastern Europe