Richard Carpenter IT Services University of Oxford Slide 2 This
session There are three main operating systems that we see:
Microsoft Windows Mac OS X Ubuntu Linux The primary focus of this
presentation will be on Windows. Please interrupt if you have
questions! Everything here refers to how things work out of the
box, if Ive said it doesnt work, it doesnt mean it cant be done.
Slide 3 Microsoft Windows Most reinstalls that we do are in one
release of Windows or another Four currently supported releases.
Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 8 Installation interface
for Vista, 7 and 8 is identical. But processes are different
between Vista/7 and 8 Slide 4 Windows Versions Each copy of Windows
is divided into four separate identifiers: Release name: i.e.
Windows 7 Edition: i.e Home Premium Restriction code: KN, N
Architecture, mainly x86 (32-bit) or x64 (64-bit) How many total
supported versions of windows do you think there are? 86 Slide 5
Microsoft Licensing Microsoft sell three types of license: Retail
Media for key for both 32-bit and 64-bit versions OEM Media for one
version, support for both Volume License Media and one version,
licensing by KMS Slide 6 Windows Upgrades Increasingly relevant in
the Windows 8 era, fresh install media difficult for end users to
get hold off. Previously, Windows 7 and below special versions (i.e
Student) could be found as both full and upgrade versions. Upgrade
copies can be installed, but will not activate if they havent come
from a machine with a qualifying Windows OS on it. Windows XP
cannot directly upgrade to anything. Slide 7 Upgrade or Custom
Install To quote Microsoft: An upgrade installation replaces your
current version and your files, settings, programmes and kept in
place on your PC. You can perform a custom installation using
either the upgrade of full version disks. A custom (clean)
installation replaces your current version of Windows but doesnt
preserve your files, settings and programs. However, theres lots of
times when the upgrade option wont work Slide 8 Upgrade Windows
Vista to 7 StarterHome Basic Home Premium
ProfessionalEnterpriseUltimate Starter Home Basic Home Premium
Business Enterprise Ultimate Windows Vista Windows 7 Green
illustrated that an in-place upgrade is possible, red is not. Cross
architecture upgrades i.e 32-bit (x86) to 64-bit (x64) are never
permitted. Slide 9 Upgrade Windows 7 to 8 Windows 8Windows 8
ProWindows 8 Enterprise Starter Home Basic Home Premium
Professional Ultimate Enterprise Green illustrates that an in-place
upgrade is possible, red is not. Cross architecture upgrades i.e
32-bit (x86) to 64-bit (x64) are never permitted. Windows 7 Slide
10 Downgrade Rights Introduced in Windows Vista as a way for
corporations to downgrade machines to XP, when they bought machines
with a Vista sticker. So for example, User has Windows Vista
Business sticker. This can be downgraded to Windows XP Pro
Available to anyone with a valid license sticker (retail or OEM on
the base) Enterprise not covered (because Volume License
agreements, already cover this) All downgrades are clean installs.
Slide 11 Downgrade Rights (2) Not all versions of Windows are
eligible for this. Only Professional/Business and Ultimate are so:
For Windows 8, only Pro and Ultimate can For Windows 7, only
Professional and Ultimate can For Windows Vista, only Business and
Ultimate can Process is as follows: Install Windows without
entering a license key. Go to Activate Windows, then Telephone
Activation Choose option for downgrading, you will get put through
to Microsoft and they will issue a key. Slide 12 Introduction to
RAID (1) RAID is a method of combining multiple disk drives into
one disk partition. Unusual, but not unheard of to see it on a
laptop. Quite common on higher powered desktops. RAID 0 Maximum
space and performance. RAID 1 Mirrored, keeps a copy of all saved
data. RAID 5 Performance, but lose some hard drive space for
parity. RAID 0 and 1 require a minimum of two drives, RAID 5 needs
three Slide 13 Introduction to RAID (2) Slide 14 Partition
Structures (1) Each operating system has a different Partition type
that is required. The following the typical ones that we see and
what can be installed on them: FAT Windows XP FAT 32 Windows XP
NTFS Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 HFS+ - MacOS ext2 - Linux ext4 Linux
Bold text means its recommended to use this. Slide 15 Partition
Structures (2) What OS can read and write to which partition
structures? Green is read and write, Yellow read only, Red not
available OSFATFAT32NTFSHFS+ext2ext4 Windows Mac OSX Linux Slide 16
Disk Partitioning - Multiboot The act of dividing a hard disk drive
into multiple logical storage units referred to as partitions, to
treat one physical hard drive as if it was multiple disks One main
reason is to allow for systems to boot multiple operating systems.
For most users a Virtual Machine may be a better fit as you can run
both the host and virtual machine at the same time. Has the
advantage however that as opposed to running a virtual machine you
have all of the resources of the machine available to you Slide 17
Multiboot Issues When installing different versions of the same OS
(i.e Windows XP and Windows 7) theres no advantage to which order
you install them. Mac OS X has a utility called Boot camp that
repartitions the current drive and prepares a large section for a
Windows install. With Ubuntu, its recommended that you install
Windows first. Otherwise, after the Windows install, you wont be
able to login. Slide 18 Disk Partitions User Convenience Some users
however may want to split up their hard drive into separate
partitions anyway. Commonly seen and requested by users (sometimes
even created by manufacturers) Rare to see on Mac OS X. Can be set
up at the time of installation. When the system is installed, only
limited changes can be made. Other changes are possible through use
of third-party software, but rearranging live partitions always
comes with risk of loss of data. Slide 19 Multiple Partitions Good
or Bad? Positives: Separates the OS from the User Data. Easier to
backup. Separate area for Virtual Memory/Paging. Speed increase
over single partition on NTFS on very large hard drives (1TB+)
Negatives: Reduces overall performance where data is accessed
regularly from multiple partitions. Slows down moving data between
same physical disk Reduces overall space Slide 20 Booting from a CD
Sometimes you are offered a choice of a Boot Menu usually F9 or
F12. Otherwise you need to enter BIOS (Setup) and change the boot
order Slide 21 Windows Legacy Installer Windows XP was last Windows
OS to use legacy installer, first used with Windows 3.1. Does not
come with native SATA support. Disks which are on the Help Centre
are patched to include support for SATA hard drives In the BIOS,
ACHI must be disabled for this to install and load. Non-existent
RAID controller support, requires external drivers at time of
install. Slide 22 Partitioning Drives (Legacy) Slide 23 Windows
Modern Installer Introduced with Windows Vista, practically
unchanged since then. Better support for HDD and some RAID
implementations May look slightly different between versions, but
everything is in the same place Key point: Disk partition options
hidden behind Drive Options button, allows you to delete and
recreate partitions available for install. Slide 24 Partitioning
Drives (Modern) Slide 25 Windows Setup (1) Slide 26 Windows Setup
(2) Slide 27 Windows Setup (3) Slide 28 Windows Setup (4) Slide 29
Windows Setup (5) Slide 30 Next Steps Four main tasks that you need
to do now to get the machine finished off: Activate Windows
Recommended to do this over the internet Install Windows Updates
Through Control Panel Windows Updates Install all Drivers Get the
from manufacturers website and install. Device Manager very helpful
Install Anti-Virus Slide 31 Recommended Order (1) 1) Go to Device
Manager, and check to see if there is Ethernet. If not, then
install it via website. 2) Once Ethernet is working, go straight to
Windows Update and apply all updates, including optional. 3)
Machine will reboot. Go back to Windows Update and keep clicking on
Check for Updates until it completes a check and reports nothing.
Usually 4-5-6 reboots. Slide 32 Recommended Order (2) 4) Apply
remaining drivers (if any) 5) Activate Windows. You can get onto
the screen at Control Panel System. You may have to scroll down to
see the activate windows section. 6) Install Anti-Virus. Usually
Sophos for us from register.oucs.ox.ac.uk. Worth considering
Microsoft Security Essentials instead Slide 33 Device Manager
Device Manager illustrates current device drivers that are on the
machine. Devices that are not illustrated will appear as Other
Devices with a question mark and brief descriptions Right click for
more info Most manufacturers websites gives you a good place to
download the drivers that are missing Slide 34 Device Manager
Unknown? Unknown DeviceTypically is: Audio/Modem Device on High
Definition Audio Bus Sound Base System DeviceChipset Biometric
co-processorFingerprint reader Ethernet ControllerLAN/WLAN Imaging
DeviceWebcam Multimedia Audio ControllerSound PCI Simple
Communications ControllerChipset/Modem Video Controller (VGA
Compatible)Video USB DeviceOn older laptops, Webcam/Touchpad Slide
35 Getting Drivers With some manufacturers its very simple to get
the drivers and some its more difficult. One of the most tricky
thing is that often machines will be have shipped with different
configurations even though they are the same machine (to fulfil
orders) Laptops that show Centrino are guaranteed to have an Intel
CPU, Wireless card and Chipset Installing drivers can be done
either by running a Setup program or right clicking on the device
in Device Manager and pointing Windows to the directory where the
driver is. Slide 36 Hardware IDs On some occasions, Windows wont be
able to identify the device at all and on this case it will display
it as an Unknown Device. In Device Manager, right-click on the
device, then go Properties, Driver and you get a drop down box and
select Hardware IDs This usually gives you a few strings of text
which are a good starting point to search online for. There are
also websites such as http://www.pcidatabase.com where you can
search for what you find. http://www.pcidatabase.com Slide 37
Activating Windows User way of activation is use of a product key
which you inputted earlier Every day the machine is not activated
it was display a box that the user can click on to activate
windows, after which, Windows will not operate fully. Activation
over internet should work and is a fully automatic process after
selecting it. Otherwise, this can be done by telephone. Slide 38
Anti-Virus Sophos is provided for use on any machines with a
download from @ https://register.oucs.ox.ac.uk/self/software/sophos
https://register.oucs.ox.ac.uk/self/software/sophos Very memory
heavy however. On netbooks, Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) for
XP/Vista/7 is perhaps more appropriate In Windows 8, Windows
Defender has replaced MSE so Windows now comes with an good
anti-virus program. Slide 39 Thats it! Any questions?
