RRadio adio FFrequency requency IDIDentificationentification

Frequency

DistanceExample

Application

LF 125khz Few cmAuto-

Immobilizer

HF 13.56Mhz 1mBuilding Access

UHF 900Mhz ~7m Supply Chain

μwave 2.4Ghz 10m Traffic Toll

Four main frequencies:Four main frequencies:

• Tag wirelessly sends bits of data whenTag wirelessly sends bits of data when it is triggered by a reader it is triggered by a reader

• Power source not required for Power source not required for passive tags… a defining benefitpassive tags… a defining benefit

• Superior capabilities to Superior capabilities to barcode:barcode:– Non Line of SightNon Line of Sight– Hi-speed, multiple readsHi-speed, multiple reads– Can read Can read andand write to tags write to tags– Unit specific IDUnit specific ID

Focus of this presentation is on UHF

TagsTags

Types of TagsTypes of Tags– PassivePassive

• Operational power scavenged Operational power scavenged

from reader radiated powerfrom reader radiated power

– Semi-passiveSemi-passive• Operational power provided by batteryOperational power provided by battery

– ActiveActive• Operational power provided by battery - transmitter built Operational power provided by battery - transmitter built

into taginto tag

Tag DetailsTag DetailsLFLF HFHF UHFUHF MicrowaveMicrowave

Freq. Freq. RangeRange

125 - 134KHz125 - 134KHz 13.56 MHz13.56 MHz 866 - 915MHz866 - 915MHz 2.45 - 5.8 GHz2.45 - 5.8 GHz

Read Read RangeRange

10 cm10 cm 1M1M 2-7 M2-7 M 1M1M

Market Market shareshare

74%74% 17%17% 6%6% 3%3%

CouplingCoupling MagneticMagnetic MagneticMagnetic Electro Electro magneticmagnetic

Electro Electro magneticmagnetic

Existing Existing standardsstandards

11784/85, 11784/85, 1422314223

18000-3.1, 18000-3.1, 15693,14443 15693,14443 A, B, and CA, B, and C

EPC C0, C1, EPC C0, C1, C1G2, 18000-6C1G2, 18000-6

18000-418000-4

ApplicatioApplicationn

Smart Card, Smart Card, Ticketing, Ticketing, animal animal tagging,tagging,

Access, Access, LaundryLaundry

Small item Small item management, management, supply chain,supply chain,

Anti-theft, Anti-theft, library, library, transportationtransportation

Transportation Transportation vehicle ID, vehicle ID, Access/SecuritAccess/Security, large item y, large item management, management, supply chainsupply chain

Transportation Transportation vehicle ID vehicle ID (road toll), (road toll), Access/SecuritAccess/Security, large item y, large item management, management, supply chainsupply chain

ReadersReaders

UHF Reader Standards UHF Reader Standards

GEO / CountryGEO / Country Frequency BandFrequency Band

North AmericaNorth America 900 – 930 MHz900 – 930 MHz

EMEAEMEA 866 – 868 MHz866 – 868 MHz

KoreaKorea 908.5 – 914 MHz908.5 – 914 MHz

AustraliaAustralia 918 – 926 MHz918 – 926 MHz

China (PRC)China (PRC) TBDTBD

JapanJapan TBDTBD

TransmitterTransmitter North AmericaNorth America

Output Freq. BandOutput Freq. Band 902 – 928 Mhz902 – 928 Mhz

Output PowerOutput Power 4 watts EIRP4 watts EIRP

TX Channel stepTX Channel step 500Khz500Khz

Hop frequencyHop frequency 2.5 to 20 times per second2.5 to 20 times per second

TX ChannelsTX Channels 902.75, 903.25, …, 902.75, 903.25, …, 927.25Mhz927.25Mhz

ModulationModulation Typically ASK –- 20% to Typically ASK –- 20% to 100% modulation depth100% modulation depth

Note: EIRP = 1.64X ERP (Effective Radiated Power)

The RFID MarketThe RFID Market

Traditional RFID Market Traditional RFID Market SegmentsSegments

Auto ImmobilizersAuto Immobilizers

Access ControlAccess ControlAnimal TrackingAnimal Tracking

Automated Vehicle IdAutomated Vehicle Id

• Isolated systemsIsolated systems• Simple readsSimple reads• Slow growthSlow growth

Usage ModelsUsage Models

HandheldHandheld Smart ShelvesSmart Shelves

Point of SalePoint of Sale

Conveyor BeltConveyor Belt

PrintersPrinters

ForkliftForkliftDock DoorDock Door