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Page 1: Rewarding Discrimination by O.G. Rose

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bdl iltir clth mdrrcdfi? Qrdactchldjcsts eijcivi JFEQs bdl iltir clth d ‗pirmdlilt, sixudjjy

ixbjuscvi ulchl eitwiil twh pihpji h` ac``irilt filairs–> `hr ixdmpji, d ghmhsixudj bhuja

mdrry d jisecdl. Qrdactchldjcsts dril–t `hr ailyclf JFEQs tgcs rcfgt> r dtgir, Qrdactchldjcsts dridfdclst bgdlfclf tgi ai`clctchl h` ‗mdrrcdfi–, eut ct cs pribcsijy hl tgcs phclt tgdt JFEQs `iij

tgdt tgiy dri ailcia iqudjcty. Dfdcl, Qrdactchldjcsts ahl–t `iij tgiy dri ailyclf JFEQs dlytgclf,

`hr ct cs JFEQs wgh dri bghhsclf lht th (aiscri th) iltir d ‗pirmdlilt, sixudjjy ixbjuscvi ulchl eitwiil twh pihpji h` ac``irilt filairs–. Gilbi, dt jidst th Qrdactchldjcsts, tgi aiedti dehut JFEQs csl–t dehut mdrrcdfi iqudjcty,

 eut dehut wgdt mdrrcdfi ‗cs– dla wghsi ai`clctchl h` mdrrcdfi cs tgi heoibtcvijy rcfgt hli 

(tghufg ct mdy lht ei phssceji th istdejcsg tgcs). Aiedtis dehut ‗mdrrcdfi iqudjcty–, bhlscairclftgcs, siim th mcss tgi cssui tgi shbcity liias th ei `hbusclf hl.

Rh wgdt ‗cs– mdrrcdfi8 C prisilt dl drfumilt cl ‚Rix Cs Mdrrcdfi” `hr hli vciw, eut wgy

sghuja tgdt ai`clctchl ei tgi hli iviryhli cs `hrbia th dbbipt8 Ct sghujal–t ei (fcvil tgdt tghsi

wgh acsdfrii gdvi d eittir hr iqudjjy vdjca drfumilt `hr wgdt bhlstctutis mdrrcdfi), eutul`hrtuldtijy, cl d whrja wgiri tgi Rtdti cs clvhjvia cl mdrrcdfi, aibcaclf wgdt ‗cs– mdrrcdfi cs d

 prissclf cssui tgdt gds ridj shbchibhlhmcb bhlsiquilbis `hr mcjjchls h` Dmircbdls, dla ct cs hl

tgcs edscs tgdt JFEQs gdvi d vdjca drfumilt tgdt tgiy dri acsbrcmcldtia dfdclst. 

CC

C gdvi lht mit dl JFEQ wgh wdlts th tdni mdrctdj rcfgts `rhm gitirhsixudj bhupjis dlahljy fcvi tgim th JFEQ bhupjis> JFEQs, ct siims th mi, dri cl `dvhr h` ijcmcldtclf djj `hrms h`

ixbjuscvcty dla acsbrcmcldtchl. JFEQ drfumilts dri ac``irilt `rhm trdactchldj mdrrcdfi

drfumilts, `hr wgcji Qrdactchldjcsts dri `hbusia pr cmdrcjy hl ‗wgdt mdrrcdfi cs–, JFEQsupphrtirs dri `hbusia hl djjhwclf iviryhli th ai`cli mdrrcdfi `hr tgimsijvis. Qgcs risujts cl

tgi twh scais h`til tdjnclf pdst hli dlhtgir, mubg th tgi `rustrdtchl h` ehtg. Qrdactchldjcsts drfui

tgdt tgi JFEQ dpprhdbg r ilairs ‗mdrrcdfi– midlclfjiss, eut JFEQs drfui tgdt ct ahisl–t th tgi 

clacvcaudjs wgh bghsi th ai`cli mdrrcdfi rijdtcvi th wgdt cs eist `hr tgim? wgdt mdrrcdfi ‗cs– thtgim cs viry midlclf`uj (tghufg tgiri mdy lht ei d midlclf tgdt bdl ei ulcvirsdjjy dppjcia

`dujtjissjy). Vgh–s rcfgt8 Qgdt whuja riqucri aiedti dla drfumilt, dla ai`clclf h` primcsis dla

dxchms, h` wgcbg bdl vdry eitwiil pihpji. Djj tgi sdmi, wgh–s rcfgt8 Aitirmclclf tgdt csl–t cltgi cltirist h` tgcs whrn (tghufg C prisilt d pirspibtcvi cl ‚Rix Cs Mdrrcdfi” ey H.F. Uhsi, d

 pirspibtcvi wgcbg tghsi wctg eittir primcsis dla drfumilt dri mhri tgdl `rii th hvirturl)>

rdtgir, my cltirist cs th phclt hut tgi ‗tdjnclf pdst hli dlhtgir– h` tgi mhairl aiedti bhlbirlclfJFEQ mdrrcdfi, dla tgdt d `dcjuri th frdsp tgcs mcsbhmmulcbdtchl gds djjhwia tgi shurbi h` tgi

bhl`jcbt th fh ulbgdjjilfia dla th dvhca ri`hrm.

Qrdactchldjcsts dri bhlbirlia wctg tgi rcfgt ai`clctchl h` mdrrcdfi wgcji JFEQs dri

bhlbirlia wctg tgi shbchibhlhmcb rcfgts dla eili`cts tgiy gdvi eiil ailcia cl eiclf ailciamdrctdj stdtus (JFEQs bdl–t `cji ohcl tdx `hrms, tgiy bdl–t pdss hl pilschls th d sphusi, dla sh

hl). Yjtcmdtijy, JFEQs ahl–t ridjjy wdlt th ai`cli mdrrcdfi wgcji Qrdactchldjcsts ah. JFEQs

mdy bdjj ‗clthjirdlt– tghsi wgh wdlt th ai`cli mdrrcdfi eitwiil ‗d mdl dla d whmdl–, eut

ujtcmdtijy, JFEQs ridjjy dril–t tgdt bhlbirlia wctg wgdt htgir pihpji tgcln. Vgdt gds gdppiliacs tgdt tgiy–vi eiil `hrbia th bdri dehut wgdt tghsi cl supphrt h` trdactchldj mdrrcdfi tgcln,

 eibdusi Qrdactchldjcsts vhti dla tgi shurbi h` JFEQ whis cs tgi Rtdti. C` tgi Rtdti acal–t

 prcvcjifi mdrrcia bhupjis wctg shbchibhlhmcb eili`cts, tgil JFEQs whujal–t ei `hr bia th bdri

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JFEQs eiclf bhlstdltjy ilfdfia cl aiedtis dla drfumilts wctg hli dlhtgir, ehtg gdvi

bhltrceutia th acstrdbtclf hli dlhtgir `rhm tgi mdcl prhejim? tgi Rtdti.

Rclbi JFEQs dri cl `dbt vcbtcms h` (shbchibhlhmcb) acsbrcmcldtchl, tgi bhurts wcjj cl `dbtdjwdys scai wctg JFEQs> `hr Qrdactchldjcsts th bgdjjilfi JFEQs cl bhurt cs `hr Qrdactchldjcsts th

sit tgimsijvis up `hr `dcjuri (Qrdactchldjcsts, jcni JFEQs, sghuja `cfgt `hr tgi dehjcsgmilt h`

bcvcj mdrrcdfi iltcrijy, lht th sdy mdrrcdfi ahisl–t ixcst eut tgdt tgi Rtdti sghujal–t prcvcjifishmi wctg shbchibhlhmcb eili`cts aiprcvia `rhm htgirs). Dla tgcs erclfs mi th my mdcl phclt?tgi Rtdti gds sit tgi ehdra sh tgdt JFEQs, wgil tgiy fh th bhurt, wcjj wcl bdsis tgdt wcjj oustc`y

tgi ixpdlschl h` Rtdti phwir tgrhufg tgi ixpdlschl h` wgcbg jcvclf drrdlfimilts tgi Rtdti cs

clvhjvia dla cltiristia cl. Eibdusi tgi Rtdti acsbrcmcldtia cl tgi `crst pjdbi, tgi Rtdti wcjj eimdai mhri phwir`uj ey tghsi wghm tgi Rtdti acsbrcmcldtia dfdclst, tghsi wghm gdvi iviry

rcfgt th aimdla dl ila th tgi shbchibhlhmcb acsbrcmcldtchl tgiy `dbi. Qgi Rtdti, `hr ahclf wgdt

cs wrhlf, wcjj ei riwdraia dla imphwiria, pirgdps clbiltcvczclf tgi Rtdti th ah wgdt cs wrhlf

yit dfdcl.Qgi aiedti hvir JFEQ mdrrcdfi dt tgi ila h` tgi ady ixcsts eibdusi h` Rtdti

clvhjvimilt cl prcvcjifclf mdrrcdfi, wgcbg cs d bhlsiquilbi h` tgi Rtdti usclf tdxis th clbiltcvi

dla acsbhurdfi birtdcl eigdvchrs (tgcs cs tgi ivcailbi tgdt tgi Rtdti sghuja sthp usclf tdxis thjifcsjdti). Mhst Qrdactchldjcsts acal–t dsn `hr tgcs Rtdti clvhjvimilt, dla tghsi wgh aca bhujal–t

gdvi bridtia tgcs sctudtchl wctghut d jdrfi Rtdti> ictgir wdy, tgi Rtdti cs tgi shurbi dla/hr ildejir

h` tgi prhejim. @urtgirmhri, Qrdactchldjcsts dri dfdclst riai`clclf mdrrcdfi, eut tgdt ahisl–t

libissdrcjy midl tgiy dri dfdclst bgdlfclf tdx jdws. Jcniwcsi, Qrdactchldjcsts dril–t libissdrcjydfdclst dl JFEQ bhupji, cl tgicr hwl prcvdti jcvis, gdvclf tgi `riiahm th jcvi hut ghw tgiy

ai`cli ‗mdrrcdfi– tgimsijvis. Vgdt ujtcmdtijy bhlbirls Qrdactchldjcsts cs gdvclf d vciw h`

mdrrcdfi `hrbia hl tgim> wgitgir hr lht JFEQs ribicvi birtdcl tdx ribhflctchls csl–t wgdtbhlbirls tgim. Cl `dbt, C eijcivi mdly Qrdactchldjcsts whuja deshjutijy supphrt ixtilaclf

shbchibhlhmcb eili`cts ribicvia ey tghsi cl mdrrcdfi th dly dla iviryhli> C ahl–t eijcivi tgcs

whuja bhlbirl Qrdactchldjcsts cl tgi sjcfgtist, siiclf tgdt mdly Qrdactchldjcsts gdvi Bhlsirvdtcvi

dla ‗dltc-tdxdtchl– jidlclfs. Sit, crhlcbdjjy, fdclclf shbchibhlhmcb dla tdxdtchl iqudjcty csujtcmdtijy wgdt JFEQs wdlt dla wgdt gds erhufgt Qrdactchldjcsts dla JFEQs clth bhl`jcbt, ivil

tghufg C ahuet Qrdactchldjcsts whujal–t supphrt tgcs iqudjcty. D `dcjuri th ai`cli tgi sctudtchl dla

 prhejim gds bdusia ullibissdry bhl`jcbt, mubg th tgi Rtdti–s eili`ct. 

CP

Vgdt bhlbirls Qrdactchldjcsts cs eiclf `hrbia th dbbipt d ai`clctchl h` mdrrcdfi tgiy

ahl–t dfrii wctg> scmcjdrjy, JFEQs dri dfdclst eiclf `hrbia th dbbipt d ai`clctchl h` mdrrcdfi

tgiy ahl–t dfrii wctg. JFEQs bhuja idscjy ei ixtilaia shbchibhlhmcb eili`cts wctghut

Qrdactchldjcsts eiclf `hrbia th dbbipt dla supphrt d ai`clctchl h` mdrrcdfi tgiy dri dfdclst, dlatgcs whuja mdni ehtg scais h` tgi bhl`jcbt gdppy. C` tgi Rtdti wiri th wctgardw cts clvhjvimilt

dla prcvcjifclf h` mdrrcdfi, iviryhli whuja wcl. 

Eut tgdt–s d Ythpcdl vcschl, csl–t ct8 

Dla sh wi drrcvi dt my mdcl bhlbirl.Qgi caid tgdt fhvirlmilt whuja fit hut h` tgi mdrrcdfi euscliss dla/hr riwrcti tdx jdws

dla shbchibhlhmcb eili`cts th ei mhri clbjuscvi, siims th ei caidjcstcb tgclnclf. Jhhnclf dt tgi

cli``cbcilby h` tgi Rtdti dla tgi erhnilliss h` tgi jifcsjdtcvi prhbiss, riwrctclf tgi tdx bhai 

siims mubg mhri uljcnijy dla ulridjcstcb tgdl ixpdlaclf bcvcj mdrrcdfi th clbjuai JFEQs.

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[irgdps ct claiia whuja ei idscir th ixpdla bcvcj mdrrcdfi, eut wgdt cs idsy thady bdl gdvi jhlf-

tirm rdmc`cbdtchls cl tgi `uturi. Qgi gdra rhda cs h`til mhri bhstjy th dvhca tgdl th tdni.

Qgi Rtdti gds bridtia tgi burrilt sctudtchl tgdt acsbrcmcldtis dfdclst JFEQs, eut eibdusitgi Rtdti dla jifcsjdtcvi systim bdl ei sjhw dla cli``cbcilt, tgi caid h` fittclf tgi Rtdti th ardw

up d eittir shbchibhlhmcb eili`ct dla tdx systim siims cmphssceji. Eibdusi tgi Rtdti cs

cli``cbcilt, tgi puejcb prhedejy whl–t try th riaubi tgi phwir h` Rtdti> rdtgir, th ila tgiacsbrcmcldtchl tgi Rtdti bridtia, tgi puejcb wcjj prhedejy try th ixpdla ct. Cl htgir whras, `hracsbrcmcldtclf dla cli``cbcilby, tgi Rtdti wcjj ei riwdraia.

Qgi Rtdti gds shbchibhlhmcbdjjy acsbrcmcldtia dfdclst JFEQs dla scstirs wgh jcvi

thfitgir, eut gds djsh ‗sit tgi ehdra– sh tgdt riaubclf Rtdti frhwtg (rdtgir tgdl ixpdlaclf ct cltgi ldmi h` d mhri clbjuscvi mdrrcdfi ai`clctchl) cs d ‗Ythpcdl vcschl–, ‗cmprdbtcbdj–, dla/hr

‗ulridjcstcb–. Qh put ct dlhtgir dwdy, tgi Rtdti gds drrdlfia ct sh wgdt tgi puejcb bhlscairs

‗Ythpcdl–, ‗cmprdbtcbdj–, dla/hr ‗ulridjcstcb– cs th cts eili`ct. Dla wdltclf th ila tgi

acsbrcmcldtchl, wi must clgiriltjy wdlt th ila ct ds ‗shhl ds phssceji–, dla sh ivirytgclf wctgclus tgdt jhlfs `hr oustcbi dla iqudjcty wcjj pusg dfdclst tdnclf tgi jhlf, ‗cmprdbtcbdj–, dla

‗ulridjcstcb– wdy th ila acsbrcmcldtchl, ivil c` tgdt wdy cs ujtcmdtijy eist. Dla sh tgi ‗jhlfclf

`hr oustcbi dla iqudjcty– `ulbtchls cl tgi Rtdti–s `dvhr.

P

Hlbi tgi Rtdti frhws dla eibhmis jdrfi, usudjjy `hr tgi eist dla siimclfjy mhstlibissdry h` ridshls, tgi Rtdti gidas thwdra jdrfi euridubrdby dla cli``cbcilby (lhti tgi dmhult

h` pdpir whrn su``iria ey puejcb sbghhj tidbgirs hr tgi CUR), dla tgil tgi cloustcbis ct bridtis

dla clbuedtis (ulcltiltchldjjy) wcjj ei prisirvia ey tgdt viry cli``cbcilby. Vgil tgi puejcbaimdlas `hr bgdlfi, eibdusi tgi Rtdti cs cli``cbcilt, ct wcjj ei mubg idscir `hr  tgi Rtdti th

 pjdbdti tgi puejcb ey frhwclf virsus sgrclnclf, dla c` tgi puejcb `dcjs th cailtc`y tgi Rtdti ds tgi

bdusi h` tgi acsbrcmcldtchls tgi puejcb wdlts th sii ila, ct wcjj vciw Rtdti frhwtg ds dl iqudjjy

dbbiptdeji shjutchl th Rtdti riaubtchl, hr jcnijy tgi hljy shjutchl, ispibcdjjy ds tgi Rtdti bdlfrhw sh qucbnjy dla deshjutijy. Djsh, cts frhwtg cs usudjjy bhlscairia hvir cts riaubtchl eibdusi

ct `iijs jcni mhri h` d shjutchl `hr tgi Rtdti th ah shmitgclf ds hpphsia th riaubi cts phwir. Dla

sh tgi Rtdti cs riwdraia `hr acsbrcmcldtchl dla cli``cbcilby, pirgdps clbiltcvczclf ct lht thbgdlfi wgcji djsh shwclf tgi siias `hr `uturi cloustcbis. Vgil tghsi `uturi prhejims drcsi, tgi

sctudtchl wcjj ripidt ctsij`? ct wcjj ei idscir th frhw tgi Rtdti tgdl th riaubi ct. Dla sh tgi Rtdti

wcjj frhw dfdcl, clbridsclf cts cli``cbcilby dla bhltcluclf th shw tgi siias h`  mhri cloustcbi ‒  hvir dla hvir dfdcl ‒  tgi Rtdti eili`cttclf djj tgi wgcji.

@urtgir shjcac`yclf tgi phwir h` tgi Rtdti cs tgi ridjcty tgdt ‗jdw tidbgis–.2 Gilbi, `hr tgi

Rtdti th wctgardw `rhm mdrrcdfi mdy sila d lifdtcvi scfldj dehut tgi clstctutchl, ds Rtdti

wctgardwdj `rhm wij`dri, gidjtg bdri, itb. mdy ah tgi sdmi. Bhlscairclf tgcs, mcfgt ct ei thh jdti`hr tgi Rtdti th wctgardw `rhm clvhjvimilt cl mdrrcdfi, cl jcli wctg wgdt C–vi suffistia8 C

 eijcivi tgcs cs tgi phsctchl h` Ar. Uheirt Fihrfi h` [rclbithl Ylcvirscty, d Qrdactchldjcst wgh

C–m lht idfir th acsdfrii wctg. Dbbhraclf th Ar. Fihrfi, tgiri cs ridshl th eijcivi Rtdti dbtchl

cmpdbts ghw pihpji tgcln h` mdrrcdfi, tghufg ct mdy siim ds c` tgiri cs lh bjidr, ai`clctirijdtchl. Bhlscair ‗lh `dujt acvhrbi–? ct wds eijcivia mdnclf ct idscir `hr erhnil mdrrcdfis th ila

whuja ei fhha `hr bgcjaril, `hr ct whuja gijp bgcjaril jidvi tgi gcfg striss ilvcrhlmilt shhlir

rdtgir tgdl jdtir. Yl`hrtuldtijy tghufg, ds lhtia ey [rh`isshr Fihrfi, ‗lh `dujt acvhrbi– bgdlfiaghw iviryhli tghufgt h` mdrrcdfi, dla mdai ct idscir `hr pihpji th ‗niip tgicr iyis hl tgi ixct–,

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 pir si. Acvhrbi rdtis gdvi clbridsia, dla sh gds tgi lumeir h` bgcjaril jcvclf cl sclfji pdrilt

ghmis dla phvirty. Bhlscairclf tgcs, Ar. Fihrfi impgdsczis tgdt wgdt tgi Rtdti ahis cmpdbts

mdrrcdfi, `hr rdtgir tgi Rtdti bgdlfis jdw hr irdsis jdws, wgdt cs ahli th tgi jdw ‗tidbgis– tgibctczils ulair ct.

Dbbhraclf th Ar. Fihrfi dla cl brctcqui h` my vciw h` fhvirlmilt rimhvclf ctsij` `rhm

mdrrcdfi, mdr rcdfi must ei supphrtia ey bujturi, `hr htgirwcsi, pihpji whl–t nlhw wgdtmdrrcdfi ‗cs–, dla sh ei clbdpdeji h` pdrtcbcpdtclf cl cts `ujj ridjcty. @urtgirmhri, mdrrcdfi hljy`ulbtchls ds d trui shbcdj fhha dla fjui wgiri iviryhli ulairstdlas wgdt mdrrcdfi ‗cs–, ̀ hr

ridjcty cs fcvil th mdrrcdfi ey htgirs oust ds mubg ds ct cs fcvil ey tgi clvhjvia bhupji. Vctghut

shbcdj supphrt, mdrrcdfi wcjj `djj dpdrt. Qghufg C tgcln tgi bgurbg dla bujturi bdl prhvcai tgcsulairstdlaclf wctghut tgi Rtdti, C ahl–t aily tgdt tgi wctgardwdj h` tgi Rtdti d`tir yidrs h`

 prhvcaclf tgcs ixpjdldtchl `hr tgi shbcity wcjj risujt cl scflc`cbdlt bhl`uschl dehut mdrrcdfi>

`urtgirmhri, C `idr tgdt d`tir sh mdly yidrs h` lht eiclf `ujjy risphlsceji `hr tgi mdttir, tgi

shbcity whl–t ei iqucppia th gdlaji tgi risphlscecjcty h` prhvcaclf d bhltixt cl wgcbg mdrrcdfibdl ei ulairsthha dla fcvil midlclf.

C` tgi Rtdti wctgardws `rhm clvhjvimilt cl mdrrcdfi, tgcs mdy tidbg tgdt mdrrcdfi cs

mdjjideji dla sueoibt th bgdlfi rijdtcvi th sueoibtcvi aiscri> `urtgirmhri, tgi Rtdti mdy djshtidbg tgdt mdrrcdfi csl–t th ei supphrtia ey tgi shbcity (siiclf tgdt mdly thady bhl`jdti ‗tgi

Rtdti– wctg ‗tgi shbcity–), jidvclf clacvcaudjs up th aivijhp prdbtcbis dla caihjhfcis bhlbirlclf

`dmcjy jc`i tgdt ulairmcli tgi shbcity, gdrm bgcjaril, dla bdusi shbchibhlhmcb cmphvircsgmilt.

Cl htgir whras, tgi wctgardwdj h` tgi Rtdti mdy gdvi fridt dla aivdstdtclf i``ibts hl mdrrcdfidla tgi shbcity ds d wghji.

Qghufg C jidl thwdra bhmpjiti wctgardwdj h` tgi Rtdti `rhm mdrrcdfi, Ar. Fihrfi gds

ahli mubg th mdni mi ribhlscair my vciw. Qgdt sdca, th sjcfgtjy bgdlfi `hbus, C whuja jcni th phclt hut tgdt tgi viry phsscecjcty h` wgdt Ar. Fihrfi wdrls dehut whrns cl tgi Rtdti–s `dvhr , `hr

hlbi tgi Rtdti bghhsis th ei clvhjvia, ct bdllht wctgardw wctghut silaclf lifdtcvi scfldjs dla

bdusclf acri bhlsiquilbis. Gilbi, ct gds frhulas th stdy clvhjvia. Gda tgi Rtdti livir eiil

clvhjvia cl mdrrcdfi ‒  gda clacvcaudjs, `dmcjcis, bgurbgis, dla bhmmulctcis eiil wgdt ‗tdufgt–wgdt mdrrcdfi wds ‒  tgi Rtdti whuja lht gdvi tgcs drfumilt cl cts ai`ilsi, eut hlbi tgi Rtdti

 eibhmis clvhjvia, ct bdllht wctgardw wctghut pirgdps ‗tidbgclf– shmitgclf aitrcmiltdj dehut

tgi clstctutchl hr prhfrdm `rhm wgcbg ct wctgardws. @hr ixdmpji? c` tgi Rtdti wctgardws `rhmmdrrcdfi, pihpji mdy tdni hl d bhmpjiti rijdtcvcstcb vciw h` mdrrcdfi, risujtclf cl tgi bhmpjiti

bhjjdpsi h` tgi clstctutchl. Cl htgir whras, hlbi tgi Rtdti cs clvhjvia, ct bdl drfui ‗ct–s thh jdti–

`hr ct lht th ei clvhjvia ‒  tgdt hlbi tgi Rtdti fr hws, ‗ct–s thh jdti– `hr ct th rimdcl smdjj.Ds tgi Rtdti, cl frhwclf, mdnis ct ‗cmprdbtcbdj– dla ‗ulridjcstcb– `hr ct th sgrcln, sh tgi

Rtdti, ey fittclf clvhjvia, mdnis ct sh tgdt ct bdllht wctgardw wctghut pirgdps aivdstdtclf

risujts. Dla tgcs ridjcty cs th tgi Rtdti–s davdltdfi? `hr ahclf wgdt ct sghujal–t gdvi ahli, ct cs

riwdraia wctg pirmdlilby. [irgdps [rh`isshr Fihrfi cs bhrribt dla tgdt tgi Rtdti sghujal–twctgardw `rhm cts clvhjvimilt cl mdrrcdfi, dla c` tgdt–s tgi bdsi, ullibissdry Rtdti dbtchl

(mhtcvdtia ey fhha dla rdtchldj ridshls) clbridsis tgi libisscty h` Rtdti, dla sh tgi aifrii ey

wgcbg tgi Rtdti cs ‗libissdrcjy– clvhjvia cl bctczils– jcvis. Daactchldjjy, c` ct cs eittir `hr tgi

Rtdti th stdy clvhjvia (lhw tgdt ct gds clvhjvia ctsij`), tgcs viry `dbt mdy `ulbtchl ds ivcailbitgdt tgi Rtdti sghuja bhltclui th ei clvhjvia cl htgir drids, bridtclf dla pirpitudtclf mhri

sctudtchls cl wgcbg tgi Rtdti, `hr dbtclf wgil ct pirgdps sghujal–t, eili`cts dla frhws.

Qgdt djj sdca, ivil c` [rh`isshr Fihrfi cs bhrribt, wgcbg C mysij` dm lht suri, C stcjj tgclnshbchibhlhmcb ri`hrm cs aispirdtijy liiaia sh tgdt shbchibhlhmcb acsbrcmcldtchl dfdclst

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JFEQs bhmis th dl ila. Eut sclbi tgcs caid cs pirgdps ‗uthpcdl–, Rtdti ixpdlschl vcd mdrrcdfi

riai`clctchl wcjj ei pri`irria th ila tgi acsbrcmcldtchl, eili`ctclf tgi Rtdti.

PC 

Ahis djj tgcs shula jcni d bhlspcrdby8 C–m d`rdca wi–ri lht sh `hrtuldti. C ahl–t eijcivitgiri cs dlyhli cl fhvirlmilt wgh cs cltiltchldjjy hrbgistrdtclf tgi sbildrch aisbrceia cl tgcswhrn . ‗Qgiri cs lh Ecf Erhtgir–, c` yhu wcjj? tgiri cs lh sclfujdr bhlsbchusliss eigcla tgi Rtdti,

lh cltiltchldj, sueoibtcvi biltir. Qgi ‗dppidrdlbi– h` d biltir drcsis cl d wdy dncl th ghw Adlcij

Aillitt aisbrceis tgi dppidrdlbi h` bhlsbchusliss cl gcs Bhlsbchusliss Ixpjdclia.1 Qh Aillitt,

bhlsbchusliss cs dl cjjuschl? tgiri dri bhlsbchus ixpircilbis tgdt fcvi d silsi h` d bhlsbchusliss,

 eut lh sclfji ‗Bdrtiscdl Qgidtir–. Cl htgir whras, tgi erdcl cs bhmphsia h` bhultjiss pdrts ‒  

bhultjiss ‗cachts– ‒  tgdt hpirdti cl subg d mdllir tgdt mdni ct siim ds c` tgiri cs d sclfji,

bhhracldtclf biltir, wgil tgiri dri hljy pdrts. Qgcs bhltrhvirscdj vciw hl bhlsbchusliss, C eijcivi, cs ghw tgi Rtdti hpirdtis? ct jhhns ds c` ct cs bhhracldtia ey d phwir-gulfry, ijctcst biltir,

 eut C `idr tgdt cs oust dl cjjuschl bridtia ey tgi dbtcvctcis h` djj tgi ac``irilt pdrts, idbg whrnclf

thwdra cts hwl, ‗wijj cltilaia– ila (dl cjjuschl wgcbg cs cltilsc`cia dla whrsilia ds tgi Rtdtifrhws dla ixpdlas). 

Qgiri cs lh hli wi bdl ejdmi hr ghja ds risphlsceji `hr hur burrilt priacbdmilt, dla tgcs

 eiclf tgi bdsi, sthppclf ct cs viry ac``cbujt. Lh hli pirshl cs th ejdmi> rdtgir, ‗tgi spdbi eitwiil 

 pihpji–,  pir si, cs risphlsceji. Eut ghw bdl wi sthp ‗d spdbi–8 Ghw bdl wi prhvi ct cs ivilrisphlsceji8 Qgiri–s lhtgclf tgiri. Dla sh wi dri `dbia wctg d acri priacbdmilt? iviryhli dla

lh hli cs risphlsceji. Ct cs tgi strubturi h` Rtdti ctsij` wgcbg cs th ejdmi, hpirdtia ey  pihpji wgh

dri uldwdri h` tgi ‗wghji– cl wgcbg tgiy pdrtcbcpdti (siiclf hljy tgicr rispibtia pdrt), pihpjifiluclijy mhtcvdtia ey fhha cltilt dla d aiscri `hr oustcbi dla iqudjcty cl tgi whrja. Eut tgi

thtdj sum h` fhha cltilt dla clacvcaudj pjdls (wgcbg clacvcaudjjy bhuja dbtudjjy whrn th bridti

 oustcbi) bdl crhlcbdjjy bdusi acsdstir dla cloustcbi.

Gireirt Mdrbusi wdrlia tgdt wgil idbg clacvcaudj dbts rdtchldjcty, tgiri bdl ei dlcrrdtchldj, thtdj hutbhmi> `hr ixdmpji, c` wgil idbg pirshl fits h`` h` whrn gi hr sgi rdbis th fit

ghmi, arcvil ey d rdtchldj aiscri th spila mhri tcmi wctg tgi `dmcjy, tgi risujt bdl ei iviryhli

scts cl trd``cb `hr dl ghur, stubn.9 Idbg clacvcaudj dbtia rdtchldjjy, eut tgdt fdvi rcsi th dl

crrdtchldj hutbhmi. Jcniwcsi, iviryhli clvhjvia cl tgi Rtdti bdl dbt oustjy dla cl tgi ldmi h`

iqudjcty, eut tgi hutbhmi bdl crhlcbdjjy bdusi cloustcbi, cliqudjcty, dla d jhss h` jceirty.  Lh

sclfji clacvcaudj cltilas tgcs, ds lh sclfji clacvcaudj rdbclf ghmi `rhm whrn dbts crrdtchldjjy, eut tgi thtdj sum h` dbtchl risujts cl tgi viry tgclf wgcbg idbg clacvcaudj hpirdtia cl ghpis h`

dvhcaclf. Qgcs hbburs aui th tgi strubturi cl wgcbg tgi clacvcaudjs hpirdti? tgi strubturi h` tgi

Rtdti bdusis crhlcb, ayldmcb, dla hrfdlcb hutbhmis, ds tgi strubturi h` whrn (cl wgcbg mhst fit

h`` dt 9[M, gdvi th arcvi bdrs aui th acstdlbi, itb.), risujts cl d trd``cb odm, wgil tgi wghjiridshl pihpji ji`t whrn qucbnjy wds th fit ghmi ds shhl ds phssceji. 

PCC 

Qgi mdrrcdfi aiedti cs d bdsi stuay h` tgi cloustcbi dla acsbrcmcldtchl bdusia ey tgi

strubturi h` Rtdti, d strubturi cl wgcbg pihpji, mhtcvdtia ey fhha cltilt, bhltrceuti th dl hvirdjj

hutbhmi tgdt cs tgi viry hpphscti h` tgi fhha cltilt tghsi pihpji wiri mhtcvdtia th ridjczi. Qgistrubturi h` tgi Rtdti mdnis pihpji wgh whrn th ila cloustcbi dla acsbrcmcldtchl, bhltrceuti th

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cloustcbi dla acsbrcmcldtchl. Dla eibdusi tgi Rtdti cs cli``cbcilt, rdtgir tgdl whrn th sgrcln tgcs

strubturi th ila acsbrcmcldtchl dla cloustcbi, pihpji clvhjvia wctg tgi Rtdti crhlcbdjjy whrn th

ixpdla ct, dla sh crhlcbdjjy, eibdusi tgi Rtdti bdusia prhejims cl tgi `crst pjdbi dla cscli``cbcilt, tgi Rtdti cs riwdraia, dla tgi crhlcb strubturi ixpdlaia dla imphwiria.

Yl`hrtuldtijy, lh hli bhlsbchusliss cs hpirdtclf tgi Rtdti ‒  tgiri cs lh biltir ‒  dla sh tgiri cs

lh hli clacvcaudj wi bdl dsscfl risphlscecjcty th sthp tgcs crhlcb dla tirrceji pdrdahx. Qgistrubturi cs th ejdmi, eut bgdlfclf tgi strubturi riqucris tgi strubturi th bgdlfi ctsij`, wgcbg cl eiclf cli``cbcilt, ct cs uliqucppia th ah. 

@urtgirmhri, sclbi tgi strubturi cs hpirdtia ey clacvcaudjs wgh dri filuclijy mhtcvdtia

 ey fhha, lh hli siis tgi strubturi cs bhrrupt dla liias th bgdlfi? idbg clacvcaudj cl tgistrubturi, wgh must whrn th bgdlfi tgi strubturi, siis lhtgclf eut ‗fhha cltilt– dla ‗tgi

 phssceji fhha– tgi strubturi bhuja erclf dehut. Qgiy bdllht sii tgi hvirdjj bhlsiquilbis h` tgi

strubturi acribtjy (d mdttir h` ‗gcfg hrair bhmpjixcty– virsus ‗jhw hrair bhmpjixcty–, ds

ixpdlaia hl cl ‚Ixpircilbclf Qgclnclf” ey H.F. Uhsi), dla ivil c` tgiy aca, tgiy bdl idscjytgcln h` tghsi ‗mcstdnis– ds ‗`junis– ‒  lht ds tgi lhrm. Djj tghsi cl tgi strubturi sii dri fhha

 pihpji tryclf th mdni d ridj ac``irilbi (yis, tgiri mcfgt ei shmi bhrrupt clacvcaudjs, eut tgiy

dri ulusudj), dla sh tgiri siims lh cmpirdtcvi th `cx tgi strubturi (ey tghsi wctgcl) tgi strubturi.Qgi strubturi mdnis mcstdnis, yis (ds tgi mdl wgh rdbis ghmi `rhm whrn mcfgt dbbcailtdjjy,

iviry lhw dla tgil, ila up cl d trd``cb odm), eut tgi strubturi ctsij` csl–t th ejdmi, `hr c` tgi

 pihpji cl tgi strubturi dri fhha, ghw bdl tgi strubturi fcvi rcsi th eda hutbhmis8 Dla sh wi dri

jcni tghsi wgh dsn ‗ghw bdl rdtchldj clacvcaudjs phsscejy fcvi rcsi th crrdtchldj hutbhmis8–, jcnitghsi wgh put thh mubg `dctg cl rdtchldjcty ‒  wi put thh mubg `dctg cl tgi Rtdti strubturi. Eut

wgy sghujal–t wi8 Qgiri dri lh ivcj bhlspcrdthrs, pihpji dri ahclf tgicr eist, JFEQs dri `dbclf

ridj acsbrcmcldtchl, dla wi gdvi th ah shmitgclf. Dla tgi Rtdti bdl gijp. Qgi Rtdti bdl frhw.Qgi strubturi bdl ixpdla. 

Qgi sctudtchl cs Nd`ndisqui.

‗Qgiri cs lh Ecf Erhtgir.– 

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 Lhtis 

4C ridjczi shmi mdy heoibt th my usi h` tgi whra ‗Qrdactchldjcsts–, bjdcmclf tgiri cs lh subg tgclf ds ‗trdactchldj mdrrcdfi–, dla th

tgcs C bhlbiaia tgdt tgcs cs d `dcr heoibtchl. C liiaia th usi shmi tirm tghufg, dla C bhujal–t tgcln h` d eittir hli. [jidsi ̀ hrfcvi?bhlscair tgi tirm ‗trdactchldj– cl rifdra hljy th Dmircbdl mdrrcdfi, lht fjhedj. 

5Qgi ulairstdlaclf h` Qrdactchldjcsts prisiltia cl tgcs pdpir wds clspcria prcmdrcjy ey tgi whrn dla tghufgt h`  Uydl Q.

Dlairshl h` Qgi Girctdfi @huladtchl, Uheirt [. Fihrfi h` [rclbithl, dla Rgirc` Fcrfcs, djj bh-dutghrs h`  Vgdt Cs Mdrrcdfi8Mdl dla Vhmdl? D Ai`ilsi. 

2Ds phcltia hut ey Ar. Uheirt [. Fihrfi h` [rclbithl Ylcvirscty.

1Rii ‚Adl Aillitt? Qgi Cjjuschl h` Bhlsbchusliss”, `hr mhri? 

gttps?//www.tia.bhm/tdjns/adlXaillittXhlXhurXbhlsbchusliss 

9Rii ‚Gireirt Mdrbusi hl tgi @rdln`urt Rbghhj” `hr mhri? gttps?//www.yhutuei.bhm/wdtbg8v=5pz`y5czu11 

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Daactchls

4.  C` yhu eijcivi JFEQ mdrrcdfi cs vdjca, tgdl acsbrcmcldtchl dfdclst ct cs ‗vcsceji– th yhu, eut c` yhu acsdfrii wctg JFEQ

mdrrcdfi, ct cs ‗clvcsceji–? ct ahisl–t ixcst. Cl `dbt, th Qrdactchldjcsts, tgi pgrdsi ‗JFEQ mdrrcdfi– cs d bhltrdacbtchl, `hrmdrrcdfi cs six eitwiil d mdl dla d whmdl, dla JFEQ mdrrcdfi cs pribcsijy lht tgdt. Gilbi, yhu bdllht ailymdrrcdfi th twh mil hr twh whmil, lhr bdl yhu ixtila ct (cl tgi sdmi wdy yhu bdllht ixtila hr aily ixcstilbi hrdbbiptdlbi th d squdri bcrbji, `hr ct ahisl–t ixcst). Mdrrcdfi ‗cs– d ulchl eitwiil d mdl dla d whmdl, dla sh tghsi h`

tgi sdmi filair bdllht ei mdrrcia. Qh tghsi hpphsia th JFEQ mdrrcdfi, sdyclf tgcs csl–t dl dbt h` acsbrcmcldtchldlymhri tgdl cs sdyclf ‗squdri bcrbjis bdl–t ixcst–. Ct–s d mdttir h` `dbt dla ai`clctchl. 

Eut wgy sghuja Qrdactchldjcsts gdvi tgicr ai`clctchl `hrbia uphl djj dla lht tgi ai`clctchl h` tghsi wgh eijcivimdrrcdfi bdl ei eitwiil tghsi h` tgi sdmi filair8 Ct sghujal–t ei, ds tghsi wgh eijcivi cl JFEQ mdrrcdfi sghujal–t

gdvi tgicr ai`clctchl ulcvirsdjjy il`hrbia. Mhri prissclfjy, wgy ahis tgcs quistchl mdttir8 Ct–s eibdusi tgi Rtdti frdltsbirtdcl davdltdfis th mdrrcia bhupjis? tgdt–s tgi rue. Qgi Rtdti gds mdai JFEQ Mdrrcdfi  dl cssui, lht Bgrcstcdls, lhtBhlsirvdtcvis ‒  tgi Rtdti. C` tgi Rtdti wiri lht sh clvhjvia vcd tdxis cl hur jcvis, hur jcvis whuja ei mhri oust.

Qgi ghrrhr h` tgi Rtdti cs tgdt ct bdl bridti d prhejim dla tgil mdni us `cfgt dmhlfst hursijvis, tgclnclf wi dri tgi prhejim th hli dlhtgir, livir lhtcbclf tgi prhejim wds bridtia ey tgi Rtdti. Qgi Rtdti gds mdai Jceirdjs dlaBhlsirvdtcvis ilimcis, wgil ehtg sghuja ei hpphsia th tgi Rtdti. Qh fit us th `cfgt hvir wgh sghuja qudjc`y `hr bcvcj

mdrrcdfi acstrdbts us `rhm sgrclnclf Rtdti phwir, dla sh hur `cfgt prisirvis tgi Rtdti (tghufg tgcs csl–t th sdy tgiri csdlyhli bhlsbchusjy eigcla tgi Rtdti ‒  ‗tgiri cs lh ecf erhtgir–).

C` Qrdactchldjcsts wiri sthppclf JFEQs `rhm jcvclf thfitgir dla `rhm ai`clclf tgimsijvis ds ‗mdrrcia–, tgiri whuja eid prhejim tgdt oustc`cia Rtdti ̀ hrbi. Ghwivir, Qrdactchldjcsts dril–t ahclf tgcs? tgiy dri dfdclst tgi prdbtcbi cl tgicr hwljcvis, eut ahl–t sii tgimsijvis ds gdvclf d rcfgt th `hrbi htgir pihpji th jcvi d birtdcl wdy. Qgi ridshl tgcs cs ivil d

 prhejim cs eibdusi ct tgridtils tgi ixtilschl h` tdx dla shbchibhlhmcb rcfgts th JFEQs, d acsbrcmcldtchl JFEQs su``ir(ds ah scstirs wgh jcvi thfitgir). Hljy tghsi wgh dri mdrrcia dri djjhwia th sgdri cl rcfgts bridtia ey tgi Rtdti, dla

tgdt cs acsbrcmcldtchl.

Drfudejy, bcvcj mdrrcdfi cs djwdys fhclf th ei acsbrcmcldthry ultcj ct djjhws pihpji th uttirjy ai`cli ct dlywdy tgiy shwdlt, dla eibdusi ct cs clgiriltjy acsbrcmcldthry, bcvcj mdrrcdfi sghuja ei dehjcsgia dla tdx dla prhpirty jdws

riwrcttil dbbhraclfjy. Vgdt ‗cs– mdrrcdfi sghuja ei ji`t th clacvcaudjs th ai`cli, dla c` tgiy ahl–t `hrbi hli dlhtgir thdbbipt hli vciw hr dlhtgir, sh ei ct? tgdt cs `riiahm.

Sit eibdusi tgi Rtdti cs d jdrfi, cli``cbcilt systim, tgdt ahisl–t siim th ei dl hptchl. Rclbi wi ahl–t tgcln tgi Rtdti bdl

fit dlytgclf ahli (dla yit crhlcbdjjy tgcln tgi hljy bghcbi cs Rtdti ixpdlschl), wi wcjj bhltclui th rul th tgi RuprimiBhurt dla usi phwir th ila acsbrcmcldtchl ey ixpdlaclf dl clgiriltjy acsbrcmcldthry clstctutchl. Eibdusi tgi Rtdti cs

jdrfi dla cli``cbcilt, ct cs mdai jdrfir dla mhri cli``cbcilt. Dla sh tgi Rtdti frhws, acsbrcmcldtchl dla cloustcbifrhwclf wctg ct, djj ds jceirty wdlis.

5.  C eijcivi tgi Rtdti cs d libissdrcjy ivcj dla, aui th hvirixpdlschl, tgi shurbi h` clstctutchldj acsbrcmcldtchl dfdclstrdbcdj dla sixudj mclhrctcis cl Dmircbd thady.

2.  Qgi viry `iijclf tgdt wi ‗gdvi th ei clvhjvia cl  ecf cssuis– cs d scfl h` dl hvirsczia Rtdti.

1.  Vctghut tgi Rtdti, pirshldj rdbcsm bhujal–t jida th (trui) clstctutchldj rdbcsm (wgcbg bdl bdusi shbchibhlhmcbacsbrcmcldtchl dla stdfldtchl), wgcbg clbuedtis pirshldj rdbcsm, lhr whuja ct ei phssceji tgdt Rtdti i``hrts th shjvirdbcdj prhejims bhuja bdusi whrsi rdbcdj prhejims, `dcjuris h` wgcbg bhuja risujt cl dl clbridsclfjy jdrfi Rtdti.

9.  Dl clacvcaudj wgh ai`ilas tgi ilvcrhlmilt cl wgcbg JFEQs bdl jcvi `riijy ds tgiy bghhsi, dla cl wgcbg JFEQsribicvi iqudj shbchibhlhmcb eili c̀ts, dla yit acsdfriis dehut ghw mdrrcdfi sghuja ei ai`clia, cs d pirshl wgh JFEQssghuja ei`rcila. D pirshl ahisl–t gdvi th sgdri yhur whrjavciw th ai`ila yhur `riiahm, dla cl `dbt, bhlbirl dehut

tgicr whrjavciw bdl mdni dl ilimy h` d `rcila.

0.  C` ct cs eijcivia tgdt dl cssui cs lht tridtia ‗sirchusjy– ultcj tgi Rtdti cs clvhjvia, tgil djj ‗trui– prhejims wcjj ujtcmdtijy ei ai`irria th tgi Rtdti virsus clacvcaudjs (c` `hr lh mhri ridshl tgdl th sghw ct–s d ‗trui– prhejim). D prcmi

bgdrdbtircstcb h` d `rii shbcity cs tgdt clacvcaudjs shjvi tgicr hwl prhejims> d shbcity wgcbg ai`dujts th tgi Rtdti thshjvi d prhejim (wgil tgi Rtdti mdy crhlcbdjjy ei tgi bdusi h` tgdt prhejim), cs d shbcity tgdt whl–t ei `rii.

6.  Ct sghuja ei lhtia tgdt d prhejim wctg tgi Rtdti cs tgdt ct cs clbriacejy phwir`uj dla yit susbiptceji th `jiitclf puejcb

hutbrcis dla hpclchls wgcbg bgdlfi ey tgi wiin. Eut aurclf hli h` tghsi wiins, tgi Rtdti bdl mdni d aibcschl qucbnjy

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dla `hhjcsgjy tgdt bdl gdvi jhlf tirm bhlsiquilbis. Qgcs csl–t th sdy djj Rtdti dbtchl cs ds subg, eut ct cs th sdy tgdt tgiRtdti, hlbi ct ixcsts, cs shmitgclf tgi puejcb, wgil dlfry, cs jcnijy th try th striss clth dbtchl.

7.  Vgdt gdppils c` ct eibhmis dfdclst tgi jdw (h` bujturi) th tijj tgi trutg8(Niip cl mcla tgdt lh hli tgclns ‗tgi trutg– tgiy hppriss cs dbtudjjy ‗tgi trutg–.) (‗Ecf Erhtgir– ahisl–t tgcln h` ctsij` ds ‗Ecf Erhtgir–.) 

3. 

Fhvirlmilt tilas th ei tgi prhejim fhvirlmilt (trcis th) shjvis.

H.F. Uhsi1-50-49