The True Isn't the Rational by O.G. Rose (Sample)

7/21/2019 The True Isn't the Rational by O.G. Rose (Sample)

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Ph Oufhab bf` Pmo Joiiorshf Latorbry bf` @onbtafg Shcaoty Pmbfd Qhu



3

Nhhd A

Arhfacblly

Soctahf A

Shcahlhgacbl-Bwbrofoss 25

Pmo Crobtavo Chfchr` 2?

Smhul` Wo Got â` hi tmo Aftorfot8 >3

Jhy th tmo Whrl` >7

ôprosoftafg Nobuty 3?

Hf Kbtorablask, Uurphso, bf` @ascorfkoft 31

(Ak)khrblaty 00

Hf Wbft bf` Bwo ??

Hf Lhvo ?1

Okhtahfbl Ju`gkoft 9?

Soli-@olusahf, tmo Phwbr`-foss hi Ovaòfco, bf` tmoUbrb`hx hi Ju`gkoft 75

Hf Prust 7?

Chfcorfafg Opastokhlhgy =0

Afcoptahf, @ascrakafbtahf, bf` Iroo`hk 1>

Whr`s bf` @otorkafask 19

Soctahf AA



0

ôbòr(or) 22=

Hf b Stbarcbso 2>7

Prbfsphsatahf 235

Hf As-foss/Kobfafg 239

Hf ”B as B‑ 231

Hf Pmafdafg bf` Uorcoavafg 207

Arhfacblly 295

Nhhd AA

Pmo Kbp As Afòstructanlo

Soctahf A

Hf Chfscahusfoss, Crobtavaty, bf` Noafg 27?

Prbàfg Wbgos ihr Mhurs 2=2

Affhvbtafg Croòftabls 2=9

Hf “Aftogrbtafg Uohplo hi Chlhr‛ ny Norfbr` Mbfdafs 212

Bro Qhu Suro tmo Whrl` Foo`s Qhu8 219

Urhnbnlo Cbuso 211

Hf Napbrtasbfsmap >23

(W)mhlo Mhpo >21

Hf Mukbf Uufasmkoft bf` tmo Ybluo hi Mukbf Laio >32



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Hf Whrry >33

Sofsublazbtahf >03

?55 Shcahochfhkac Uhafts >?2

@ascussafg ^bcask >77

Hf Nobuty >13

Okhtahfbl Kokhry 352

Chlloctavo Chfscahusfoss bf` Prust 359

Kbxakazafg Pbx ôvofuo 32?

Hf ôsphfsanalaty 3>2

Pmo Spoctor hi KcCbrtmyask 333

Wmbt as b Ju`go th @h8 302

Pmo (Prbfs)vbluos hi Justaco bf` Lhvo 3?7

Pmo Prbgo`y hi _s 392

Soctahf AA

Ruostahf8 3=1

Prutm Hrgbfazos Ybluos 313

Opastokac (Ar)rosphfsanalaty 31?

Pmo @obtm hi Sdoptacask 31=

Bssukafg tmo Nost 05>



9

Nbsac Kbtm 02?

@obtm as tmo Ovoft Mhrazhf hi ôbshf 0>9

Hf Cratacbl Pmafdafg 03>

Kobfafgiul bf` Kotbpmhrac Pofòfcaos 003

Ubrb`hxos hi Bwbrofoss 00=

@oiafafg Ovaòfco 0?1

Afcoftavos th Urhnlok Shlvo 097

Pmo @obtm hi Urhcoss 01>

Oxporaofcafg Pmafdafg 01=

Pmo Kotbkoftbl bf` tmo @askhòrf Soli ?50

Pmo Mobrt/Kaf` @abloctac bf` tmo Umofhkofhlhgy hi Yaow(s) ?20

Khfhtmohrask ?>9

Pmo Umofhkofhlhgy hi (Pruo) Agfhrbfco ?35

Pravab(l) ?05

Hf Was`hk ?0=

Scrapto` ??=

Lobrfafg th Spobd ?99

Ilap Khkofts ?7?



7

Hf Nrbafwbsmafg ?=3

Af @oiofso hi Nostablaty ?=7

Hf @oscraptahf 955

Pmo Chfilact hi Kaf` 95?

Aòbs Bro Fht Oxporaofcos 9??

Pmo _solossfoss hi Pmhugmt 992

Chkpollafg 99=

Pmo Pruo Asf‑t tmo ^btahfbl 9=5

Fhtos 73=



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Nhhd A

Arhfacblly

B dafòrgbrtof tobcmor wbs hnsorvafg mor clbss hi cmal rof wmalo tmoy woro `rbwafg. Smo whul hccbsahfblly wbld brhuf` th soo obcm cmal`‑sbrtwhrd. Bs smo ght th hfo lattlo garl wmh wbs whrdafg àlagoftly, smo bsdo` wmbt tmo `rbwafg wbs. Pmo garl roplao`,

“A‑k `rbwafg Gh`.‛ Pmo tobcmor pbuso` bf` sba`,“Nut fh hfo dfhws wmbt Gh` lhhds lado.‛ Watmhut kassafg b nobt hr lhhdafg up irhk mor `rbwafg, tmo garl

roplao`,“Pmoy wall af b kafuto.‛

-B Uhpulbr Jhdo



1

Soctahf A Prbcafg Hut Mukbfaty‑s Arhfac Hfthlhgy



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Shcahlhgacbl-BwbrofossHf Soli-Bwbro Shcaotaos, Pmo Mbwtmhrfo Oiioct, bf` Pmo Hnsorvor Oiioct

Af tobcmafg Shcahlhgy, tmo iaol` hi Shcahlhgy rasds rofòrafg atsoli kobfafgloss.Ochfhkasts, phlatacbl tmohrasts, latorbry cratacs, bf` htmors bro af tmo sbko nhbt. Ladoscaoftasts bf` psycmhlhgasts, shcahlhgasts kust tbdo afth bcchuft tmo Mbwtmhrfo Oiioct,

wmacm, goforblly spobdafg, as b tmohry chfcorfafg mhw pbrtacapbfts bltor tmoar bctavataoshfco tmoy bro bwbro tmbt tmoy bro af bf oxporakoft.2 Pmo vory prosofco hi chuftlossshcahlhgacbl bf` oùcbtahfbl brtaclos, locturos, bf` nhhds hflafo – wmacm cbf sprob`quacdly lado kokos – kby cmbfgo tmo vory wby shcaotaos bct.> Pmas kby rofòr wmbt tmo`btb clbaks bnhut shcaotaos wrhfg, kbdafg at sook bs ai tmo `btb wbs blwbys wrhfg4 hftmo htmor mbf`, tmo `btb kby kbdo shcaotaos su`òfly bct af tmo wby tmo `btb suggosts,kbdafg at sook bs ai tmo `btb wbs blwbys ragmt.

Pmo wrator wmh as bwbro hi Jbkos Jhyco kby soo mas hr mor soli ”lado Jhyco‑, bf`tmas sakalo wall rosult af tmo wrator bctafg bf` crobtafg àiioroftly. Pmo shcaoty tmbt asbwbro tmbt at as nochkafg loss vahloft wall fht bct tmo sbko bs b shcaoty tmbt as nochkafg

loss vahloft bf` ufbwbro hi at. Pmo shcaoty bwbro hi Kbrxask wall fht òvolhp tmo sbko wby bs `hos tmo Kbrxast shcaoty ufbwbro hi Kbrxask. B robòr roafvofts mas hr mor soli watm ovory nhhd4 tmhugm tmo robòr cbf lbtor

cmbfgo, watm ovory pbgo turf, tmo robòr mbs fh cmhaco nut th no wmh mo hr smo mbs fhwnochko. Ladowaso, b shcaoty bwbro hi Kbrxask cbffht gh nbcd th noafg b shcaotyufbwbro hi at4 at kust òbl watm tmo cbr`s at mbs noof òblt. Bs b scaoftast kust stbf` hftmo smhulòrs hi tmhso wmh cbko noihro, sh shcaotaos kust `h tmo sbko. Bs tmas”stbfàfg‑ rhns glhry irhk b scaoftast wmh afvofts b lagmt nuln hf mas hwf th`by, sh thh atkby rofòr tmo b`vbfcokofts hi fbtahfs vha`. Pmoroihro, at as akphrtbft tmbt shcaotaosth`by no bwbro hi ”Shcahlhgacbl-Bwbrofoss‑ lost tmoy sakply ”afvoft tmo wmool‑ hvor bf`hvor bgbaf af tmoar oiihrts th b``ross robl bf` prosoft prhnloks. Qot, arhfacblly, tmo khro

b shcaoty nochkos bwbro hi provahus khòs hi tmhugmt bf` bcchkplasmkofts, tmo khroat rasds rofòrafg ats hwf tmhugmts bf` bcchkplasmkofts vbaf: tmo tmrall hi agfhrbfco aslhst. Ai at fovor rufs tmas rasd, at cbf fovor soo tmo grobtost àstbfcos, ihr at wall stbf` afplbco, birba` hi stbfàfg uphf smhulòrs.

A

Ihr tmo iarst tako, mukbfs lavo af b whrl` af wmacm tmo kbjhraty as chfscahus himhw shcaotaos masthracblly cmbfgo, iufctahf, bf` chllbpso4 iurtmorkhro, tmoy bro bwbro himhw masthracbl ophcms chko bnhut bf` ufòrstbf` tmoksolvos watmaf tmo chftoxt hisucm ophcms. Iow ùrafg Khòrfask chfsaòro` tmoksolvos Khòrfasts af chkpbrashf

th tmo fuknor hi afàvaùbls wmh chfsaòr tmoksolvos Uhstkhòrfasts ùrafgUhstkhòrfask th`by. Pmrhugm masthry, tmoro mbs noof b grbùbl afcrobso af tmo fuknorhi afàvaùbls wmh robàly blagf tmoksolvos watm tmohrotacbl chfstructs tmbt òiafo tmobgo tmoy bro lavafg af, bf` tmas mbs trbfsihrko` tmo wby pohplo lavo bf` bct. Lbcdafgkhòrf tocmfhlhgaos, tmhso blavo ùrafg tmo Irofcm ôvhlutahf whul` fht mbvo sooftmoksolvos bs lavafg ùrafg b tako tmbt wbs tmo sunjoct hi tmo whrds ny Nurdo bf`

Phcquovallo. Pmhugm Nurdo proàcto` tmo raso hi Fbphlohf, khst woro agfhrbft hiNurdo.3 Ph`by, kbfy bro bwbro hi Nurdo‑s proàctahf4 bs b rosult, kbfy iool oquappo` thproàct wmacm phlacy òcasahfs wall lob` th b khòrf ”ôagf hi Porrhr‑, bf`, afchfchr`bfco, tmo wby tmoy tmafd bf` bct cmbfgos. Chfscahusfoss hi masthracbl porah`s

trbfsihrks mhw prosoft masthry ufihl`s. Uormbps tmas cbusos b ”ôagf hi Porrhr‑ th nobvhaò`4 pormbps tmas cbusos shkotmafg whrso – A `hf4t dfhw. Ky phaft as sakply tmbt,ihr tmo iarst tako, shcaotaos bro chfscahus hi tmoksolvos, bf` tmohraos tmbt `h fht tbdo



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tmas afth bcchuft wall fht no bs vblubnlo bs tmoy chul` no af òtorkafafg mhw shcaotaossmhul` bct prosoftly (bssukafg tmohraos cbf no hi sorvaco bt bll).

Julabf Muxloy clbako` mukbfs bro ”af wmhso porshf tmo ovhlutahfbry prhcossmbs bt lbst nochko chfscahus hi atsoli‑.0 Sakalbrly, A nolaovo tmo prosoft whrl` as af wmbtmasthry bf` shcahochfhkacs mbvo iafblly robcmo` soli-bwbrofoss. Pmoro mbvo noofshcahlhgasts, bftmrhphlhgasts, bf` sucm ihr yobrs, nut uftal fhw, tmo kbjhraty lbcdo` bf

bwbrofoss hi tmoar hwf soli-bwbrofoss4 tmo rbkpbft bccoss th afihrkbtahf tmbt mbs kbòtmas soli-bwbrofoss khro afiluoftabl bf` provbloft. Pmas `hosf‑t kobf tmo kbjhraty `hoshr `hosf‑t mbv o bfy oxportaso af tmoso gavof iaol`s hi stu`y, nut tmbt kbfy tmafd tmoymbvo oxportaso. Fovor noihro mbs tmoro noof b shcaoty sh iull hi shcahlhgasts bf` tmhso

wmh nolaovo tmoy bro shcahlhgasts. Chfsoquoftly, bs wall no oxplhro`, shcahlhgacbltmohraos tmbt proàct mhw shcaotaos wall bct fh lhfgor robàly bpply. Wmof shcaotaos sookkhst proàctbnlo tmoy bro khst ufproàctbnlo.

Uohplo tmafd hi tmoksolvos lavafg watmaf tmo scmokbs hi vbrahus tmohraos, bf`tmoy ofgbgo watm tmo whrl` tmrhugm tmhso tmohrotacbl lofsos rbtmor tmbf àroctly bf` watmb clobr kaf`. Pmas smait cbf no `bfgorhus bf` wbstoiul, bs as tmo smait th lobrfafg bnhut bmbkkor ny tmafdafg bnhut at vorsus usafg at (th blluò th Moaòggor).? Uohplo ”pross‑tmoar tmafdafg `hwf uphf tmo whrl` rbtmor tmbf lot tmoar tmafdafg okorgo up irhk tmo

whrl`, por so. Bs b rosult, tmo wby pohplo ofgbgo watm bf` ufòrstbf` tmo whrl`cmbfgos4 ihr oxbkplo, tmhso wmh ufòrstbf` tmo Bkoracbf ochfhky watmaf tmochfstruct crobto` ny B`bk Skatm, mbvafg lobrfo` at irhk hii Qhutuno hr irhk b locturobt tmo _favorsaty hi Cmacbgh, wall ufòrstbf` bf` ofgbgo watm tmo ochfhky àiioroftlytmbf tmo hfo wmh ufòrstbf`s at tmrhugm Doyfosabfask bf` yot nhtm pohplo wall noòblafg watm tmo sbko oftaty. Pmo roblaty hi tmo systok cmbfgos rolbtavo th tmo hnsorvor afchfchr`bfco watm mas hr mor kaf`sot. Pmas as sakalbr th tmo pmofhkofhf af Umysacscbllo` ”Pmo Hnsorvor Oiioct‑, af wmacm b pbrtaclo prosofts atsoli àiioroftly òpofàfg hf

wmh as hnsorvafg at bf` mhw at as noafg hnsorvo`.9

Mukbfs soloct bssukptahfs bf` nolaois nbso` hf wmbt tmoy hnsorvo. Ai wmbttwh afàvaùbls hnsorvo cmbfgos ny tmoar vory bct hi stu`yafg (wmacm as tmo bct tmbtchknafos tmo hnsorvbtahf watm tmoar tmhugmts), tmhso afàvaùbls kby bcquaro àiiorafghpafahfs bnhut wmbt tmoy sbw bf` wmbt tmohraos tmo hnsorvbtahf logatakazos. B rocoftoxbkplo hi tmas pmofhkofhf cbf no ihuf` af mhw tmhso wmh nolaovo af Cbpatblaskaftorprot tmo >55= Mhusafg Nunnlo. Pmoy tbdo at bs ovaòfco tmbt ghvorfkoftafvhlvokoft cbuso` tmo ibaluro, wmalo lanorbls aftorprot tmo afcaòft bs prhhi tmbt khroghvorfkoft afvhlvokoft as fooò`. Safco at as tmo cbso tmbt wmbt tmo twh pbrtaos hnsorvotrbfsihrks nocbuso hi tmo bct hi hnsorvbtahf atsoli, at as afcroànly àiiacult ai fhtakphssanlo th smhw oatmor saò shkotmafg tmbt wall kbdo tmok cmbfgo tmoar hpafahf. Pmobwbrofoss tmo twh saòs mbvo hi ochfhkac tmohry bf` pbst ovofts hfly iurtmor justaiaos

tmo wby tmoy aftorprot tmoar hnsorvbtahfs, ihr af stu`yafg tmo pbst, tmoar bct hi hnsorvafgat trbfsihrks wmbt tmoy soo afth tmbt wmacm justaiaos tmoar phsatahfs. Bwbrofoss himasthrac aftorprotbtahfs hi tmo ochfhky ny oxports wmh thh woro prhfo th tmo sbkoHnsorvor Oiioct wall hfly iurtmor afiluofco tmo wby tmhso afàvaùbls ofgbgo watm (hr ibalth ofgbgo watm) tmo whrl`.

Mogolabfs wall porcoavo tmo bctahfs hi tmoar ghvorfkofts àiioroftly tmbf walltmhso wmh bro ufibkalabr watm tmo Gorkbf Umalhshpmor. Pmas wall cbuso tmo Mogolabfs th

vhto b cortbaf wby, bf` kby ovof afiluofco tmo hvorbll wby tmo Mogolabfs cmhso th lavotmoar lavos. Pmhugm at as ufclobr wmotmor at as ghh` th tmafd lado b Mogolabf, A nolaovo at asufwaso th tatlo hfo‑s soli ”b Mogolabf‑, bs at as ufwaso th cbll hfo‑s soli ”b Cbpatblast, ”b

Dbftabf‑, otc. – tmoro bro chuftloss tatlos th cmhhso. Fovor as b porshf‑s cbpbcaty th tmafdihr tmoar soli bt grobtor rasd tmbf wmof tmoy grbft tmoksolvos b tatlo, ihr fht hfly walltmoar cbpbcaty th hnsorvo no biiocto`, nut th tmo ògroo tmo porshf kbdos sucm b



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òclbrbtahf as th tmo ògroo tmoy wall no tokpto` th òiof` b phsatahf rbtmor tmbf pursuotmo trutm. Af lafo watm tmo Hnsorvor Oiioct, safco tmoar bct hi hnsorvbtahf wall trbfsihrk

wmbt sucm b porshf soos, tmbt afàvaùbl wall nolaovo mo hr smo mbs ovaòfco justaiyafg bf`focossatbtafg tmas bct hi òiofso, bf` sh no tokpto` th ibll òopor afth b soli-ofihrcafgcyclo. Pmhso wmh cbll tmoksolvos ”lanorbls‑ hr ”chfsorvbtavos‑, ”ôpunlacbfs‑ hr”@okhcrbts‑, otc. bro tmhso A nolaovo tmrobtof tmo Bkoracbf phlatacbl systok. Ladowaso,

tmhso wmh robàly cbll tmoksol vos ”Cbpatblasts‑ hr ”Kbrxasts‑ tmrobtof ochfhkac trutm, bstmhso wmh bssort th noafg ”b Ibuldfor‑ hr ”b Jhyco‑ tmrobtof latorbturo. Pmo grbftafg hihfo‑s soli sucm b tatlo rosults af b trbfsihrkbtahf af mhw hfo chfcoptublazos bfùfòrstbf`s tmoar soli, bcts, lavos, bf` aftorprots bll pmofhkofb. Arhfacblly, tmo khroiaol`s lado ochfhkacs, phlatacs, shcahlhgy, otc. bro tbugmt, tmo khro afàvaùbls wall notokpto` th grbft tmoksolvos b tatlo.

B tatlo as b lofs. Pmo khkoft bf afàva ubl hr grhup as bwbro hi atsoli watmaf btmohrotacbl chfstruct, lado pbrtacapbfts bwbro tmbt tmoy bro af bf oxporakoft, tmoar bctahfsbf` bttatuòs wall cmbfgo. ^bf`bll Chllafs, tmrhugm mas oxtrbhràfbry B Glhnbl Pmohry hiAftolloctubl Cmbfgo, kbdos at clobr tmbt fow aòbs ihrk blhfg tmo nhròrs hi aftolloctublcarclos tmbt àsbgroo watm hfo bfhtmor.7 _fihrtufbtoly, b shcaoty iull hi afàvaùbls wmhrobàly aòftaiy tmoksolvos bs ”Lanorbls‑, ihr oxbkplo, wall fbturblly ashlbto tmoksolvosirhk tmo wrhfgmobò` ”Chfsorvbtavos‑ (af cmhhsafg b plbco th lavo, shcabl gbtmorafgs,otc.), birba` hi mbvafg tmoar aòftataos ufòrkafo` hr chfstbftly chfirhfto` bf` nolaovafgtmoy soo ovaòfco justaiyafg sucm bctahf (ùo th tmo Hnsorvor Oiioct). Fovor noihro af

Bkoracb mbs at noof obsaor ihr pohplo – af tmo fbko hi justaco, sbvafg Bkoracb, otc. – thsopbrbto tmoksolvos irhk tmhso watm wmhk tmoy àsbgroo, bf` fovor noihro mbs at noofsh tokptafg. Pmo khro pohplo ibll afth tmas tokptbtahf, tmo khro aòb crobtahf bfòkpbtmy wall òcrobso (th fbko shko chfsoquofco), wmacm wall lhwor wobltm crobtahfbf` aftolloctubl b`vbfcokoft wmalo rbasafg oxastoftabl bfgst, psycmhlhgacbl tofsahf,sparatubl bpbtmy, bf` òprossahf.

Hf tmo htmor mbf`, tmbfds th tmo sbko tocmfhlhgaos tmbt mbvo chftranuto` thshcabl, aftolloctubl, bf` phlatacbl àvasavofoss, tmo waò bvbalbnalaty hi tmohraos, aòbs, bf`kbtorabl ny nrallabft kaf`s ofbnlos shcaotaos th bcmaovo lovols hi oùcbtahf bf`dfhwlo`go tmo lados hi wmacm tmo whrl` mbs fovor soof noihro. Watm sh kucm kbtorablrobàly bvbalbnlo, tmo daf`s hi bcmaovokofts tmbt chul` mbppof th`by chul` ibr surpbsstmo whrds tmbt mbvo chko noihro. Bssukafg, hi churso, pohplo mbvo fht lhst tmoarcbpbcaty th no crobtavo (shkotmafg Dof ^hnafshf wbrfs tmbt tmo oùcbtahf systokchftranutos th), bf` bssukafg tmbt pohplo `h fht sbcraiaco tmoar bnalaty th tmafd ihrtmoksolvos af hròr th no ”b Dbftabf‑, ”b Kbrx scmhlbr‑, hr ”bf AFPJ‑.= Wo foo` hurshcaotaos th cultavbto catazofs wmh cbf mbf`lo tmohraos bf` aòbs watmhut noafg fogbtavoly bltoro` ny tmok, usafg tmok afstob` th crobto fow, aftollagoft, bf` crobtavo oàiacos.

Mhpoiully, tmas bgo as hfo tmbt `hosf‑t th`by lbcd tmo afstatutahfs wmacm cultavbto sucmpohplo.

AA

Porks lado ”Kbrxask‑ bf` ”Cbpatblask‑ roprosoft b daf` hi pbrbkotor ihr shcablòvolhpkoft. Uohplo chfsaòr tmoksol vos b ”Kbrxast‑ hr ”Cbpatblast‑: tmoy `h fht chfsaòrtmoksolvos b ”Jhmf-ast‑, ovof tmhugm Jhmf `hwf tmo stroot kby mbvo b suporahr tmohry.

Pmas ”Jhmf-ast‑ tork lbcds butmhraty4 kbyno b muf`ro` yobrs irhk fhw, Jhmf wall mbvopbsso` tmo tost hi tako bf` stu`y, nut uftal tmof, th no b ”Jhmf-ast‑ as th no fh hfo. Fow

aòbs bro fbturblly rosasto`, bf` tmhso wmh try th blagf watm fow tmohrotacbl chfstructstof` th no oxalo`. Af b shcabl chftoxt, ai b porshf as th no ufòrsthh`, mo hr smo kustblagf watm b ibkalabr/butmhratbtavo tmafdor hr systok4 ai tmo afàvaùbl roirbafs irhk



23

`hafg tmas, htmors wall try th pusm mak hr mor afth shko cbtoghry, bs tmhso wmh òsaro thsby ”A bk Jhmf‑ wall no prossuro` afth ”A bk b `hcthr‑. Ubrb`hxacblly, tmohraos rbroly tbdoafth bcchuft mhw tmoar vory prosofco rosults af pohplo pusmafg bf` khlàfg hfo bfhtmorafth tmoar chfstructs.

Pmo tmohraos bf` tmafdors hi tmo pbst bro tmo stbf`br`s ny wmacm tmo prosoftpohplo bct bf` ufòrstbf` tmhso brhuf` tmok. Pmo torks b shcaoty bccopts wall

òtorkafo tmo tmohrotacbl lofsos tmrhugm wmacm tmbt shcaoty ufòrstbf`s atsoli, bf` tmassoli-bwbrofoss wall trbfsihrk tmo wby tmo shcaoty nombvos, tmafds, bf` òvolhps. At asnocbuso pohplo bro bwbro hi Kbrx bf` Lofaf tmbt tmo aòb th prhtost hf Wbll Stroot`bwfs uphf tmo pohplo sh robàly, bf` at as tmrhugm tmoso tmafdors tmbt spoctbthrs hi tmoprhtosthrs wall aftorprot bf` ufòrstbf` wmbt tmo prhtosthrs bro `hafg. Pmo spoctbthrskby cbll tmok ”Shcablasts‑ hr ”Bfbrcmasts‑, blagfafg tmo prhtosthrs watm tmo tmohrotacblchfstructs tmo spoctbthrs bro ibkalabr watm. Nolaovafg tmoy ”dfhw‑ wmbt tmoso pohplo brobll bnhut – bf akprossahf kbò phssanlo ny tmoar ufòrstbfàfg hi vbrahus tmohraos – tmospoctbthrs wall iool akkoàbto b`karbtahf hr àsprhvbl, bf` at as tmas daf` hi ”dfhwafgju`gkoft‑ wmacm cbf chst b shcaoty ats crobtavo, mhlastac, napbrtasbf, bf` fhvol tmafdafg,focossbry ihr prhsporaty.

Arhfacblly, òspato tmo butmhraty tmbt vbrahus torks nobr, tmhso torks broultakbtoly brnatrbry af tmoksolvos: tmoar phwor chkos khro sh irhk b daf` hi ”shcablchftrbct‑ tmbf tmoy `h irhk bfy bctubl sunstbfco. Ai b tork lado ”Kbrxask‑ wbs bttbcmo`th tmo òiafatahf hi ”Cbpatblask‑, afàvaùbls whul`, lhgacblly bf` rbtahfblly, cbll Bkoracbb Kbrxast chuftry. Bs fuknors cbffht no bxahkbtac hr soli-justaiyafg bcchràfg thGùòl, foatmor cbf tmohraos.1 Bf` yot pohplo kust lavo bs ai tmoy bro butmhratbtavo:catazofs cbffht lavo bs ai Kbrxask asf‑t Kbrxask, bs ai 2 ; > (tmhugm, bs watm tmohraos,hfco b shcaoty as bwbro tmbt 2 ; 2 cbffht no bxahkbtac, tmo shcaoty cbffht bpprhbcm 2 bsat à` noihro Gùòl: fuknors bf` tmohraos bro ihrovor aiioroft). @ospato tmoarbrnatrbrafoss, torks hi shko fbturo bro focossbry ihr tmhugmt th nual` uphf atsoli

tmrhugm tako. Porks bf` tmohraos wall blwbys no prosoft, bf` sh hfo kust stu`y shcaotychfsaòrafg tmo prosofco, uso, bf` aftorfblazbtahf hi tmoso brnatrbry torks bf` tmohraos.

Safco b shcaoty‑s butmhratbtavo torks bro ultakbtoly brnatrbry, hfo kust stu`yshcaoty rochgfazafg tmo phssanalaty hi catazofs roiusafg th bssoft th tmo ”shcabl chftrbcts‑grbftafg cortbaf torks logatakbcy. Blsh, af noafg brnatrbry, tmo kobfafgs hi tmo torksbrof‑t soli -ovaòft4 chfsoquoftly, pbrtacapbfts cbf kasaftorprot tmok bf` ihrkulbtoaftorprotbtahfs rolbtavo th tmoar aftorosts bf` nbcdgrhuf`s. Pmoroihro, shcabl tmohraoskust tbdo afth bcchuft fht hfly soli-bwbro shcaotaos, nut shcaotaos watm soli-bwbrofosstmbt bro blwbys af ilux bf` hpof th roòiafatahf, ovof tmhugm tmo torks hi ats bwbrofosskby sook ufcmbfgafg. Wmbt at kobfs th cbll b shcaoty ”Kbrxast‑ th hfo porshf wall kobfshkotmafg àiioroft th bfhtmor, bf` tmo twh pohplo wall rosphf` àiioroftly af nochkafg

bwbro tmbt tmoar shcaoty as ”Kbrxast‑. Lado wobtmor ihrocbsts, ”soli-bwbro‑ tmohraos tmbt tbdoafth bcchuft ”Shcahlhgacbl-Bwbrofoss‑ cbf kbp hut phssanlo àroctahfs hi b shcaoty nbso`hf tmo àiioroft wbys b tork lado ”Kbrxask‑ cbf no aftorproto`. Sucm tmohraos cbf bscranoladolamhh`s th chursos hi bctahf nbso` hf tmo ògroo tmo shcaoty as ofbkhro` hr ropulso`ny b tork lado ”Kbrxask‑ (bf` sh as ladoly th gh iull spoo` af tmo hpphsato, shcahochfhkacàroctahf uphf noafg cbllo` at). _ltakbtoly, tmo phssanlo àroctahfs hi b shcaoty ibr oxcoo`

wmbt bfy tmohry cbf cblculbto, nut safco b shcaoty kust tmohrazo (ai ihr bfytmafg, th btlobst mbvo butmhratbtavo torks ny wmacm th ufòrstbf` atsoli bf` bcmaovo b sofso histbnalaty), vblubnlo tmohraos wall tbdo afth bcchuft mhw tmoro as kucm khro tmo tmohraoscbffht oftbal tmbf cbf. Af b sofso, tmohraos smhul` no bfta-tmohrotacbl.

AAA



20

Lado bfy iaol`, ihr Shcahlhgy th no curroft rbtmor tmbf masthrac, tmo iaol` kustufòrstbf` fht just shcaotaos, nut ”soli -bwbro‑ shcaotaos. Shcahlhgacbl-Bwbrofoss, lado soli-bwbrofoss, cbf no ghh` hr nb`. Bwbrofoss hi tmo ”Nystbfòr Oiioct‑ mbs rosulto` af tmopmofhkofhf mbppofafg loss, bs bwbrofoss hi ôvhlutahfbry toxts mbvo afcrobso` tmo

wallafgfoss hi afàvaùbls th rovhlt bf` prhtost, nut ovof wmof ufjustaiao`.25 Yahloft vaòhgbkos bf` possakastac fows mbs afcrobso` shcaotbl cbpbcaty ihr vahlofco bf` bpbtmy,

bs bwbrofoss hi Kbrtaf Lutmor Dafg Jr. mbs afcrobso` cbpbcaty ihr lhvo bf` justaco. PmoShcahlhgacblly-Bwbro shcaoty as foatmor nottor fhr whrso4 at as àiioroft. Ky phaft assakply tmbt shcahlhgacbl, ochfhkac, bf` phlatacbl tmohraos tmbt `h fht tbdo afth bcchufttmo bwbrofoss hi tmo pbrtacapbfts hi tmhso tmohraos wall fht b``ross roblaty bs woll bs tmoychul`. Ihr hfo, tmo tmohraos wall ibal th rochgfazo tmbt b Shcahlhgacblly-Bwbro shcaoty ashfo tmbt as prhfo th su`òf bf` ufproàctbnlo cmbfgos hr bccolorbtahfs af òvolhpkoft4ihr tmo vory robshf tmbt at as soli-bwbro, tmo shcaoty as ”nlbcd swbf‑-prhfo.22 Wmotmor tmasas ghh` hr nb` òpof`s hf tmo fbturo bf` àroctahf hi tmo smait. Blsh, tmohraos tmbt ibalth aòftaiy Shcahlhgacbl-Bwbrofoss wall fht no tmohraos tmbt ofbnlo b shcaoty th ”stbfùphf tmo smhulòrs hi tmhso noihro at‑4 af ibalafg th aòftaiy roblaty, tmo tmohraos wall ibalth ofbnlo tmo shcaoty th b`vbfco bs tmoy chul`, tmorony afcrobsafg tmo ladolamhh` hi shcablrogrossahf.

Shcahlhgacbl-Bwbrofoss, `ravof ny tocmfhlhgy, mbs chftranuto` th tmo b`voft hib magmly naphlbr, ufproàctbnlo, bf` rbpa`ly bltorafg whrl`. Lado b soli-iuliallafg prhpmocy,bf afàvaùbl wmh as bwbro hi Cbpatblask kby bct af sucm b wby tmbt bssukos tmbt wmbttmo tmohry ihrocbsts wall no tmo cbso, mofco kbdafg tmhso ihrocbsts chko th pbss bf`blwbys sook ragmt. Hf tmo htmor mbf`, b Cmrastabf wmh mobrs tmbt Bkoracb mbs nochko”Uhst-Cmrastabf‑ kby no afcoftavazo` th lbufcm b soraos hi kbss rovavbls tmbt cmbfgo tmorolagahus lbf`scbpo hi Bkoracb ihr goforbtahfs. Pmo shcahlhgacbl stuàos tmbt iaf` tmbt kbrrabgos bro ibllafg bpbrt kby chftranuto oatmor th bf afcrobso af àvhrco hr b ronollahusafcrobso af kbrrabgo stbnalaty. Fh hfo cbf sby ihr suro: watm dfhwlo`go, afihrkbtahf

afcrobsos ufcortbafty. Pmhso wmh nolaovo tmoy bro af b Uhst-Cmrastabf whrl` wall bct aiioroftly tmbf

tmhso af tmo sbko whrl` ufbwbro hi at4 tmo stuòft wmh mbs rob` Lhcdo wall bctàiioroftly af b Lhcdobf shcaoty, bf` kby chftranuto th kbdafg at uf-Lhcdobf hr thhLhcdobf4 bf ovhlvafg shcaoty bwbro hi Ovhlutahf wall ovhlvo àiioroftly.2> Bs b tolovasahfcbkorb àrocto` thwbr` tmo scroof at as mhhdo` afth wall òpact bf otorfbl rogrossahf , sh at asphssanlo b shcaoty bwbro hi atsoli wall rogross thh , ospocablly ai at as ufbwbro hi ats soli-bwbrofoss.

Shcahlhgacbl tmohraos bnhut tmo prosoft whrl` tmbt ibal th tbdo Shcahlhgacbl- Bwbrofoss afth bcchuft wall sakply rotrbco hl` pbrbkotors lhfg bitor shcaotaos mbvostoppo` noyhf` tmok, mofco ibalafg th prhvaò àroctahf tmbt chul` sbvo shcaoty irhk

kastbdos bf` rogrossahf.23 Qot, ovof tmas pbpor kby atsoli ibll afth tmo sbko trbp: bitorrobàfg tmas whrd, shcaotaos kagmt no ”Bwbro hi Shcahlhgacbl- Bwbrofoss‑, tmof ”Bwbro hitmo Bwbrofoss hi Shcahlhgacbl-Bwbrofoss‑, bf` sh hf. At as pormbps iutalo th kbdo pohplobwbro hi tmoar hwf bwbrofoss, ihr bwbrofoss kby afstbftly nochko bf bwbrofoss hiibcbòs. Bll tmohraos otorfblly rogross , yot tmohrazo wo kust lost tmoro no fhtmafg th rogross .

Wo rogross ai wo `hf‑t tmohrazo bf` ai wo `h.”Kbf as b usoloss pbssahf‑, Sbrtro tmohrazo`, usoiully ufokhtahfbl.20



2?

Pmo Crobtavo Chfchr`Pmo Brtaiox, Nhurgohasao, bf` Urhlotbrabt

Succossiully, Dbrl Kbrx aòftaiao` tmo nhurgohasao, tmo prhlotbrabt, bf` ”tmokbtorabl àbloctac‑, nut, òspato mas okpmbsas hf crobtavaty, mo ibalo` th aòftaiy tmo brtaiox,kobfafg ”crobthr clbss‑, wmacm as kbò up hi oftroprofours, afvofthrs, bf` brtasts. Bf

brtaioxabf, wmacm as b tork iarst aftrhùco` af tmas pbpor, as bfyhfo wmh crobtos hrrocrobtos b kobfs hi prhùctahf bf`/hr b tmafg th no prhùco`. Kbrx, at sooks,chfilbto` crobthrs watm tmo goforbl prhlotbrabt. Chfsoquoftly, mas kbtorabl àbloctac hflymbliwby b``rossos tmo fbturo hi shcahochfhkac cmbfgo. Pmo iull àbloctac ny wmacmshcaoty ”kbrcmos‑ tmrhugm masthry cbf no oxprosso` bs ihllhws:

”Pmo Crobtavo Chfchr`‑

Crobtavaty ↞ ”Pmo Kbtorabl @abloctac‑

hr

Crobthr(s) ↞ (Hwfor(s) | Whrdor(s))hr Brtaiox ↞ (Nhurgohasao | Urhlotbrabt)

@oiafafg tmo kbtorabl àbloctac, Kbrx brguo` tmbt Cbpatblask wbs afmoroftlychftrbàcthry, ihr at afovatbnly ufòrghos, hi hfo daf` hr bfhtmor, ”crobtavo òstructahf‑:tmo nusafossos at prhùcos òstrhy htmors, tmo roshurcos at chfsukos lobvos kbfylbcdafg, bf` sh hf.2 Af htmor whr`s, bt tmo coftor hi Cbpatblask as soli-òstructavopbrb`hx. Pmhugm tmo kbtorabl àbloctac prhporly òlafobtos mhw shcahochfhkac hròrscmbfgo watmaf b gavof crobtavo ophcm, at `hos fht òscrano mhw sucm hròrs cmbfgo tmrhugm tmok. Ph blluò th Dbrl Uhppor, masthry cmbfgos fht af lafo watm bfy daf` hi àbloctac,

nut af chfchr`bfco watm ufproàctbnlo afvoftahfs, ”ourodbs‑, bf` ”crobtavo bcts‑.> Kbrx,chkafg noihro Uhppor, kasso` tmas phaft, bf` sh crobto` b tmohry bf` systok tmbt whrds

watmaf b iaxo` ophcm, nut fht tmrhugm kultaplo ophcms. Ai Kbrx, bs nrallabft bs mo wbs,mb` noof biihrò` bf bwbrofoss hi Uhppor, mo whul` mbvo prhnbnly rochgfazo` ”tmocrobtavo chfchr`‑ bf` brtaiox maksoli. Ibalafg th aòftaiy tmo crobthr clbss, Kbrx kasso`tmbt Cbpatblask oxpbf`s atsoli wmalo cbrryafg hut crobtavo òstructahf watmaf atsoli. Pmoprhpor àbloctac asf‑t just chkphso` hi crobtavo òstructahf, nut crobtavo òstructahf blhfgwatm crobtavaty, wmacm as tmo bpplao` koftbl prhcoss nomaf` affhvbtahf, afvoftahf, bf`crobtahf.

A

Kbrx clbako` tmbt blaofbtahf `ravos tmo whrdafg clbss (hr prhlotbrabt) th rovhltbgbafst tmhso wmh hwf tmo kobfs hi prhùctahf (tmo nhurgohasao). Mo wbs chrroct,kbdafg rovhlutahf okafoft4 tmo quostahf rokbafafg as mhw tmo rovhlutahf wall hccur. Ihrtmo prhlotbrabt th soazo tmo kobfs hi prhùctahf bf` tmus nochko lado tmo nhurgohasaotmoy ronollo` bgbafst as just bs blaofbtafg bf` arhfac bs noafg ihrco` th whrd hfshkotmafg tmbt hfo `hosf‑t hwf. Nhtm daf`s hi blaofbtahf kbfaiost af bpbtmy, vahlofco,bf`/hr b òsaro th no ”bkuso` th òbtm‑.3 B ihrcoiul bf` vahloft rovhlutahf, bs Kbrx”phafto` th‑ bf` Lofaf b`vbfco`, rbtmor tmbf hvorchko blaofbtahf, cbusos blaofbtahf,

wmacm stakulbto` tmo rovhlutahf af tmo iarst plbco. Kbrxasts bf` Lofafasts tmrhugmhut

masthry mbvo rovhlto` af tmo wrhfg wby: tmoy‑vo chftafublly cmhsof b ”Irofcmô vhlutahf‑ hvor b ”Glhrahus‑ hfo, por so.

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/





27

tmo kbstor, tmo crobthr as mas hwf kbstor bf` sorvbft. Ai tmoro wbs fh kbtorabl àbloctac,tmo brtaiox chul` crobto hfo, nut tmo kbtorabl àbloctac chul`f‑t crobto tmo brtaiox. Pmobrtaiox crobtos atsoli, wmalo tmo nhurgohasao bf` prhlotbrabt crobto hfo bfhtmor. Pmoy bromolploss watmhut tmo brtaiox, nut tmo brtaiox asf‑t molploss watmhut tmok. Ai at foo`s tmok,at crobtos tmok. Wmalo tmo kbtorabl àbloctac ihrcos pohplo afth tmo nhurgohasao hr tmoprhlotbrabt, oftroprofoursmap bf` crobtavaty hiior b kobfs ihr pohplo th trbfscof` tmas

àbloctac ny nochkafg brtaioxabfs, hwfors bf` whrdors hi tmoar hwf kbdafgs. Pmastrbfscofòfco as hfly phssanlo af b iroo bf` crobtavo Cbpatblastac shcaoty, wmalo b shcaotytmbt as koroly iroo afovatbnly ufòrghos crobtavo òstructahf.

AA

_flado tmo kbtorabl àbloctac, tmo crobtavo chfchr` as fht afmoroftly chfilacto` hrfourhtac. Pmo nhurgohasao bf` prhlotbrabt cbf cmhhso th chllbnhrbto watm tmo brtaiox bf`

vaco-vorsb. Pmbfds th tmo brtaiox, at as phssanlo ihr tmo nhurgohasao bf` prhlotbrabt thladowaso cmhhso th chllbnhrbto watm hfo bfhtmor. Pmo afmoroft tofsahf hi tmo kbtorablàbloctac as tmus obso`. Pmrhugm tmo brtaiox, tmo prhlotbrabt cbf trbfsior afth tmonhurgohasao bf` tmo prhlotbrabt afth tmo nhurgohasao watmhut chfilact. Pmo rolbtahfsmapnotwoof tmo tmroo clbssos cbf no oxprosso` bs ihllhws:

B ghh` shcaoty as oqublly N, B, bf` U. Watmhut oatmor N, B, hr U, tmo systokchllbpsos. B grhwafg shcaoty as hfo af wmacm N bf` U lossofs wmalo B oxpbf`schrrolbtavoly. At as fovor ghh` ihr B th smrafd, bf` blwbys mobltmy ihr B th grhw(chfsaòrafg pohplo wall fbturblly nochko àiioroft daf`s hi brtaioxabfs). Bfoxtrbhràfbry shcaoty as chkplotoly B, bf` sucm b shcaoty, blwbys soli-khtavbto`, aschfstbftly grhwafg bf` fovor blaofbto`. Kbrx‑s orrhr wbs ovhlvafg Cbpatblask afthChkkufask ny koltafg N bf` U, rbtmor tmbf ny grhwafg B wmalo N bf` U smrbfd afth at.

Bs òpacto`, shko koknors hi tmo nhurgohasao bro blsh koknors hi tmo brtaiox,bs bro shko koknors hi tmo prhlotbrabt. At as phssanlo ihr b koknor hi tmo prhlotbrabt thnochko b koknor hi tmo brtaiox, bf` af sh `hafg, trbfsior afth tmo nhurgohasao watmhutblaofbtahf, bs b koknor hi tmo nhurgohasao cbf slap af tmo prhlotbrabt bf` oscbpo uppor-clbss blaofbtahf.? Pmo brtaiox as nhtm bf hvorlbppafg bf` afòpofòft structuro, bf` atcbf iufctahf bs b trbfsior stbgo hr bs b clbss-ufth-atsoli. Ny crobtafg bf oftorpraso, b

porshf chkos th hwf bf` whrd b ghh` hi mas hr mor kbdafg. _flado tmo nhurgohasao, wmh as blaofbto` ny fht prhùcafg wmbt tmoy hwf, hr tmo prhlotbrabt, wmh as blaofbto` nyfht hwfafg wmbt tmoy prhùco, tmo brtaiox as iroo.9 Pmo catazof wmh trbvols watmaf tmokbtorabl àbloctac irhk tmo prhlotbrabt th tmo nhurgohasao hr vaco-vorsb, iafàfg blaofbtahfaf nhtm chfàtahfs, mhpoloss, as vory ladoly th ibll afth òprossahf, trbgacblly rbkpbft aftmo khòrf whrl`.

Pmo brtaiox as nhtm buthfhkhus bf` irooly chllbnhrbtavo, wmalo tmo prhlotbrabtbf` nhurgohasao cbffht mbvo buthfhky bf` bro ihrco` th “whrd thgotmor‛ ùo th tmokbtorabl àbloctac, kbdafg truo, uf-blaofbtafg chllbnhrbtahf akphssanlo. Afòpofòfco,iroo`hk, bf` truo chkkufaty bro hfly phssanlo watm tmo brtaiox, bf` tmo strhfgor at as,tmo strhfgor tmo afàvaùbl bf` tmo shcaoty bs b wmhlo. Pmo khro tmo afàvaùbl as bnlo th

molp tmo htmor watmhut blaofbtafg hr noafg blaofbto`, tmo khro bnlo tmo afàvaùbl wall noth iaf` tmbt whrdafg watm htmors kbdos tmo khst hi hfosoli.



2=

Bs koftahfo`, uflado notwoof tmo nhurgohasao bf` tmo prhlotbrabt, b porshf cbfno pbrt hi tmo brtaiox wmalo blsh noafg pbrt hi tmo nhurgohasao bf`/hr prhlotbrabt. Pmas asb sagfaiacbft àiiorofco irhk tmo kbtorabl àbloctac4 af tmbt scmokb, tmo hwfor hi tmokobfs hi prhùctahf chul` fht blsh no hfo hi tmo prhlotbrabt, fhr wbs tmo htmor wbybrhuf` phssanlo. Nut, af tmo crobtavo chfchr`, watmhut chfilact bt bll, b whrdor bt bchkpbfy cbf blsh no crobtafg b fow chkpbfy hf mas lbpthp.

Fht afmoroftly soli-òstructavo af rolbtafg th hfo bfhtmor, tmo brtaiox,nhurgohasao, bf` prhlotbrabt cbf cmhhso th trbfscof` tmo kbtorabl àbloctac afth tmocrobtavo chfchr` ny whrdafg af chfcort. ^btmor tmbf sakply b àbloctacbl rolbtahfsmap,crobthrs bf` tmo kbtorabl àbloctac cbf mbrkhfazo. _ftal, tmbt as, tmo nhurgohasao bf` tmoprhlotbrabt turf bgbafst tmo brtaiox, hr vaco-vorsb4 tmof, tmo ufaty nrobds `hwf afth bcbchpmhfy. Chfsoquoftly, tmo crobtavo chfchr` òvhlvos nbcd afth sakply tmo kbtorablàbloctac. At as hfly b kbttor hi tako tmof noihro tmo rolbtahfsmap notwoof nusafosshwfors bf` whrdors blsh chllbpsos, just bs Kbrx proàcto`. Clobrly, tmo prosofco hi tmobrtaiox as akphrtbft ihr bvhaàfg crobtavo òstructahf ny bffullafg tmo blaofbtahf cbuso`ny tmo kobfs, kbfbgokoft, bf` crobtahf hi prhùctahf, wmalo blsh hiiorafg b kobfs ihrtmo prhlotbrabt bf` tmo nhurgohasao th smait hr chknafo phsatahfs watmhut psycmhlhgacbltofsahf hr vahlofco.

Pmo brtaiox nhtm soos prhnloks bf` ofvasahfs phssanalataos, bf` oatmor b``rossostmok hr ofbnlos htmors watm tocmfhlhgy, dfhwlo`go, hr khtavbtahf th `h sh. Htmors kbyfht soo wmbt cbf no b``rosso`, hr kby b``ross hfo tmafg bf` ibal th roblazo bfytmafg olsoth `h. Nocbuso tmo brtaiox soos wmbt as th no `hfo bf` hitof `hos at, at as tmo brtaiox bf`tmo crobtavo chfchr` wmacm `ravos masthry af tmo Mogolabf sofso. Pmas as nocbuso, watmporioctahf blwbys just bmob`, tmoro as blwbys shkotmafg th no `hfo wmacm `ravos tmobrtaiox. Ai provbloft bf` afiluoftabl, tmo brtaiox blsh smaits tmo ihcus irhk tmo àstranutahfhi lakato` roshurcos th tmo crobtahf hi fow hfos, irhk tmo mobltm hi th`by‑s oftorprasosth tmo nartm hi thkhrrhw‑s. ^btmor tmbf b khòl tmbt as bt tmo oxpofso hi shko bf`

b`vbftbgo hi htmors, tmo crobtavo chfchr` as afoxhrbnly th tmo nofoiat hi bll. At‑s hfly bkbttor hi tako.

Bgbaf, watmhut tmo brtaiox, tmo nhurgohasao bf` prhlotbrabt kust clbsm4 watmhutcrobtavaty, tmo kbtorabl àbloctac as bll tmoro as, bf`, stucd af crobtavo òstructahf, at wall òvhur atsoli. Kbrx, lado Oafstoaf af Hut hi Ky Lbtor Qobrs, wbs chrroct th fhto tmbt bttmo chro hi Cbpatblask as b pbrb`hx tmbt as nhtm tmo shurco hi ats prhùctavaty bf` soli-òstructahf. Cbpatblask as bf ochfhkac systok `ravof ny b òsaro ihr prhiat tmbtsunsoquoftly rbasos tmo stbf`br` hi lavafg tmrhugm kocmbfasks hi prhnlok shlvafgbf`/hr phssanalaty roblazbtahf, nut hfco tmhso prhnloks bro shlvo` hr phssanalataos kbòrobl, ufokplhykoft afcrobsos. Watmhut fow prhnloks hr phssanalataos, tmo systokstbgfbtos. Ovof ai tmo kbtorabl àbloctac chftafuos th mbvo hl` prhnloks th doop shlvafg

bf` kbaftbafs lhw ufokplhykoft, watmhut fow phssanalataos hr prhnloks, tmo stbf`br`hi lavafg ilbt-lafos. Watm tmas lbcd hi òvolhpkoft chkos b rbasafg lovol hi nhro`hk,blaofbtahf, bf` tofsahf notwoof pbrblyzo` magm bf` lhw clbssos.

Crobtavaty as nhtm b shurco hi okplhykoft bf` ufokplhykoft. At as b shurco hicrobtavo òstructahf, bf` bs lhfg bs at as prosoft, sh smbll crobtavo òstructavo, bf` tmokbtorabl àbloctac wall fht òvhur atsoli4 bt whrst, th ats nofoiat, at wall lhso atsoli af tmocrobtavo chfchr`. Af b shcaoty wmoro crobtavaty as magm, ufokplhykoft stakulbtos whrdorsth no crobtavo, bf` okplhykoft, ihr tmhso ioolafg blaofbto` ny at, `hos tmo sbko. Pmojhns lhst ny crobtavaty bro kbò up ny tmhso crobto` ny at. Ai crobtavaty wbs provbloft,

wmof crobtavaty cbuso` bf oftorpraso th clhso `hwf bf` ufokplhykoft th gh up,

crobtavaty whul` tmof sot ats oyo hf shlvafg tmbt prhnlok. _fihrtufbtoly, af b shcaotylbcdafg crobtavaty, ufokplhykoft bf` okplhykoft nhtm cbuso blaofbtahf, blaofbtahfirhk wmacm whrdors iaf` fh bllovabtahf. Pmoso whrdors wall wbft th rovhlt, nut watmhut

http://www.amazon.com/Out-Later-Years-Scientist-Philosopher/dp/1453204938

http://www.amazon.com/Out-Later-Years-Scientist-Philosopher/dp/1453204938





>5

Loit th tmo kbtorabl àbloctac, watmhut crobtavaty, b shcaoty nochkos rolabft hfgrhwtm tmrhugm ropbarafg `bkbgo` ghh`s,1 astranutafg lakato` roshurcos, croàtcrobtahf,25 bf`/hr lavafg hii tmo iruat hi pbst goforbtahfs, fhfo hi wmacm bro sustbafbnlo.

Wmalo lavafg hf tmbt pbst iruat, at as vory tokptafg th sthp okpmbsazafg crobtavaty, ihrtmoro sooks th no fh prossafg foo` ihr at uftal tmafgs turf ibtbl. Ai tmo prosoft as ghh`,at‑s mbr` th tmafd bnhut tmo iuturo hr th cbro bnhut tmo pbst. Arhfacblly, crobtavaty as wmbt

kbdos phssanlo tmas oftatlokoft koftblaty, tmo kbdafg hi tmo ”nrhdof waf`hw ibllbcy‑,bf` sh, vab tmo afcrobso af tmo stbf`br` hi lavafg wmacm crobtavaty cbusos. Af tmas sofso,crobtavaty as rasdy.

Pmo loss crobtavo b shcaoty, tmo khro tmrobtofafg crobtavaty nochkos, bs smbroshi b chkpbfy nochko khro tmrobtofafg (bf` yot khro vatbl) th hfo‑s lavolamhh` tmokhro khfoy tmo afàvaùbl mbs sthro` up af tmbt hfo nbsdot. Pbdo mhw Ghhglo as nhtm

vaowo` bs b grobt nlossafg bf` b khfhphlastac tmrobt. Qot rogbr`loss hi mhw tmrobtofafgat kby no, b shcaoty mbs th tbp afth tmbt crobtavaty, ihr ochfhkac grhwtm as `ravof ny at.Dfhwafg tmoy bro ofslbvo` th tmas shurco, tmo nhurgohasao bf` tmo prhlotbrabt cbfnochko afcrobsafg ufobsy watm tmo brtaiox, watm blaofbtahf grbùblly sottafg af. Pmastofsahf ovoftublly lob`s th vahloft hr ufjust ihrks hi ronollahf bgbafst tmo brtaiox wmofnusafoss hwfors, ihr oxbkplo, rochgfazo tmoy brof‑t crobtavo ofhugm th b`bpt th crobtavoaffhvbtahfs, sucm bs tmo aftorfot, bf` wmof tmo prhlotbrabt chfsoquoftly rochgfazos tmoarjhns bro bt rasd. Bs bf afcrobsafg roùctahf af tmo bvbalbnalaty bf` bnuf`bfco hi tmokobfs hi prhùctahf bccolorbtos tmo soli-òstructahf hi tmo kbtorabl àbloctac, sh broùctahf hi crobtavaty bccolorbtos tmo smrafdafg hi tmo brtaiox. Pmas noafg tmo cbso, hfcocrobtavaty nogafs th ibò af b shcaoty, at as prhnbnlo tmbt at wall chftafuo th `h sh. Watmtmbt ovoftublly ghos iroo`hk, bf` ihr tmas robshf, tmhugm tmo prosoft kby no ghh`, at asclobr tmbt Bkoracb as af b àro satubtahf.

âsd kbfbgokoft as tmo prbctaco hi àvorsaiyafg rasd af hròr th roùco lhsosbf` afcrobso prhiat. Pmo khro crobtavaty tmoro as bcrhss b shcaoty, bs afiluofco` ny tmo

scmhhl systok bf` ibkaly structuro, tmo khro tmbt shcaoty mbs afvosto` wasoly bf`àvorsaiao` tmo rasd hi crobtavaty. Qot tmo khro crobtavo b shcaoty nochkos, tmo khro atrasds magm ufokplhykoft ai tmbt crobtavaty ovor scroocmos th b mblt hr slhws `hwf (ùo throgulbtahf, b `rhp af bnstrbct tmafdafg, otc.). Crobtavaty blwbys oftbals rasd, bf` rasd asblwbys focossbry ihr vbluo crobtahf. Crobtavaty as b `hunlo-o`go` swhr`, nut b fbtahf wallhfly no cut ny at ai at irooly cmhhsos th sthp pbyafg bttoftahf. Af tmo soli-òstructavokbtorabl àbloctac, rogbr`loss hi wmbt hfo cmhhsos, bf afàva ubl afovatbnly of`s up slbaf.Ai Bkoracb as th rochvor, at kust tbdo b rasd bf` roihrk ats oùcbtahf systok bf` shcaotyth afcunbto crobtavaty. Htmorwaso, at wall lhso ats iroo`hk: at wall of` up slbaf.

AY

Cbpatblask as `ravof ny affhvbtahfs tmbt afcrobso tmo stbf`br` hi lavafg, yot tmhsoaffhvbtahfs kbdo jhns hnshloto, afcrobsafg ufokplhykoft. Bf affhvbtahf shlvos bprhnlok, yot hfco tmbt prhnlok as shlvo`, iurtmor crobtavaty as fooò` th b``ross tmoprhnlok hi ufokplhykoft cbuso` ny tmbt affhvbtahf. Bf affhvbtahf nhtm crobtos bf`òstrhys jhns: tmo quostahf as `hos at `h khro hi tmo ihrkor hr tmo lbttor8

Pmo kbtorabl àbloctac doops prhnloks afvhlvafg kbtorabl ghh`s shlvo` wmaloibalafg th b``ross koftbl bf` porshfbl prhnloks. Hf tmo htmor mbf`, tmo crobtavochfchr` shlvos bf`/hr iaf`s prhnloks af tmo iarst plbco, wmalo sakultbfohusly lanorbtafgpbrtacapbfts irhk blaofbtahf. Qot bll clbssos foo` hfo bfhtmor: ai cbrs sthppo` noafg

prhùco` bitor Ihr` ào`, fh hfo whul` no bnlo th afvoft b fow cbr tmbt rufs hfbltorfbtavo oforgy4 rbtmor, pohplo whul` doop roafvoftafg Ihr`‑s hragafbl khòl. Pmhugm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ls_VqrPbE0






>2

tmas kby doop okplhykoft magm, at whul` fht rbaso tmo stbf`br` hi lavafg noyhf` wmbtIhr` blrob`y rbaso` at.22

Watmhut crobtavaty, tmo brtaiox àsbppobrs. Hfco tmbt hccurs, tmo nhurgohasao bf`tmo prhlotbrabt kust clbsm bf` ufòrgh crobtavo òstructahf, ihr tmo kbtorabl àbloctackust whrd atsoli thwbr` àsbppobrafg. Pmas àsbppobrbfco hccurs iully, pormbps, ùrafg b`rbit, chllbpso, rovhlutahf, hr af Shcablask. Af Shcablask, tmoro as b fow àbloctac notwoof

tmo hwfor, whrdor, bf` tmo ghvorfkoft. Pmhugm tmo prhnlok Kbrx aòftaiao` mbscmbfgo` i hrk, at mbs fht noof shlvo`. Lado tmo kbtorabl àbloctac, tmas ”thtblatbrabfàbloctac‑ kust blsh ufòrgh b daf` hi crobtavo òstructahf af wmacm tmhso wmh bro ihrcoàfth noafg nhtm tmo hwfor hi mas hr mor lbnhr bf` tmo lbnhror, ioolafg blaofbto` ny tmoghvorfkoft wmacm ihrcos tmok afth tmas rhlo, ronol bgbafst tmo ghvorfafg clbss. Pmopohplo `h tmas th soazo nbcd tmo phwor th kbdo bf brtaiox clbss ny cmhhsafg th nobrtaioxabf, rbtmor tmbf no ihrco` afth b sakalbr nut blaofbtafg fhf- hr ufavorsbl clbss.

Pmhugm tmas shcaoty kby no crobtavo, lbcdafg iroo`hk, chkpofsbtahf, khtavbtahf, hrroshurcos, tmas shcaoty cbffht wall th no crobtavo hr kbaftbaf crobtavaty, lbcdafg b kbtorablàbloctac th whrd af chfcort watm, cbusafg tmo brtaiox th vbfasm. Shcablask iruatlossly traosth kbdo catazofs iroo ny olakafbtafg tmo clbssos hi ”whrdor‑ bf` ”hwfor‑, rbtmor tmbfofbnlafg obcm th no b ”whrdor/hwfor‑. Pmoro as fh truo ufokplhykoft, sh foatmor astmoro truo okplhykoft: ùty bf` bltruask roplbco nhtm. Chfsoquoftly, foatmorokplhykoft fhr ufokplhykoft cbf `ravo crobtavaty bf` affhvbtahf, bf` tmhugm fh jhnsbro lhst ny crobtavaty, fhfo bro crobto` ny at oatmor. Okplhykoft kby no magm, nut tmostbf`br` hi lavafg wall no lhw.

Af Shcablask, nrafgafg bnhut b phlaco stbto, tmo pohplo ronol nocbuso tmoro as fhbrtaiox tmbt cbf crobto atsoli, nut tmo sbko cbf hccur af Cbpatblask. Hfco crobtavaty `raosup, sh ghos tmo brtaiox, bf` watm tmbt, tmo kbtorabl àbloctac soli-òstructs. PmhugmShcablask afmoroftly òstrhys tmo brtaiox ny bffullafg iroo`hk, tmo brtaiox‑s oxastofco asphssanlo, nut fht focossbraly prosoft, af Cbpatblask. Cbpatblask `hos fht afmoroftly whrd,

nut at `hos mbvo tmo phtoftabl th bvha` crobtavo òstructahf ny kbaftbafafg b mobltmy bf`strhfg brtaiox. _fihrtufbtoly, tmo prosoft Bkoracbf scmhhl systok stailos crobtavaty, bsbttosto` th ny Dof ^hnafshf, bf` khst crobtavo pohplo bro prossuro` ny shcaoty th ”oftortmo robl whrl`‑ hi fukoracbl cmutos bf` chrphrbto lb`òrs. Soli-òstructavoly, tmas daf` hipoor prossuro as b kbfaiostbtahf hi tmo tofsahf notwoof tmo nhurgohasao bf` tmo prhlotbrabt bgbafst tmo brtaiox.2>

Bs tmo prhlotbrabt as khst ladoly th stbrt tmo chfilact notwoof at bf` tmonhurgohasao, tmo nhurgohasao as khst ladoly th stbrt tmo chfilact notwoof at bf` tmo brtaiox,tmhugm tmo nhurgohasao wall hfly no succossiul ai at cbf afiluofco tmo prhlotbrabt th jhaf at.

Qot, uflado tmo prhlotbrabt, tmo nhurgohasao as fht bs ladoly th turf th vahlofco bf`rovhlutahf th sthp tmo brtaiox ai crobtavo afàvaùbls turf `hwf tmoar hiiors th no nhugmt

hut hr th soll tmoar pbtofts. Pmo nhurgohasao as thh chkihrtbnlo, bf` tmhugm tmoy kbylhso tmoar nusafossos, tmoy whf‑t lhso tmoar lavos. Af tmas rogbr`, at as khro ladoly tmbt tmokbtorabl àbloctac nrobds `hwf tmbf tmo crobtavo chfchr`, tmhugm tmo crobtavo chfchr` askhro àiiacult th bcmaovo. Blsh, catazofs cbf cmhhso th doop tmo crobtavo chfchr` strhfg nycmhhsafg th jhaf tmo brtaiox, wmalo tmo kbtorabl àbloctac chllbpsos afmoroftly. Bll broblaofbto` af tmo kbtorabl àbloctac, nut af tmo crobtavo chfchr`, wmacm chkos afth noafgny tmo cmhacos hi pohplo, crobtavo iroo`hk cbf no oxorcaso`.

At as akphrtbft th okpmbsazo tmbt tmo crobtavo chfchr` chllbpsos wmof tmobrtaiox clbss vbfasmos, smrafds thh kucm, hr as grobtly àsbnlo`, wmalo tmo kbtorablàbloctac nrobds `hwf nocbuso at as atsoli. Pmo brtaiox clbss `hosf‑t mbvo th chllbpso, nut

watmhut at, tmo kbtorabl àbloctac kust ibll bpbrt. At lbcds b coftor. Pmoroihro, tmo cmhacoth gavo up tmo brtaiox as tmo cmhaco th gavo up iroo`hk bf` tmo shcaoty. Watm crobtavatyghos ovorytmafg.

http://sirkenrobinson.com/





>>

Y

Ph no af b shcahochfhkac hr or as th no af tmo kbtorabl àbloctac. Ph no af b shcaoty as th no af b phsatahf ihr rovhlutahf. Ph crobto as th rovhlt. Ph stbrt b nusafoss as th crobto b tmafg th prhùco bf` b

kobfs ny wmacm th prhùco at. ôvhlutahf as blwbys akkafoft: Kbrx wbs ragmt. Scmhhlsòcaò ai rovhlutahf as nlhh`y hr glhrahus. Bf bfblytacbl scmhhl systok tmbt stailoscrobtavaty af b Cbpatblast shcaoty as b strbfgo, ibtbl pbrb`hx. Cbpatblask as ibalafg th`bynocbuso tmo brtaiox as skbll bf` afmanato` ny rogulbtahf bf` gualt. Pmhso wmh afvoft 3@praftors put tmo lavos hi kallahfs bt rasd wmh wall no ufokplhyo` bs b rosult hi tmoargofaus. ôblazafg tmas phtoftablly puts crobthrs tmrhugm bf oxastoftabl crasas wmof tmoysmhul` no rocoavafg prbaso bf` grbtatuò.

Af hur curroft shcahochfhkac hròr, hfco ufokplhyo` bf` rhnno` hicrobtavaty, b porshf as molploss. Ofbnlo` ny scmhhl th no crobtavo, uphf lhsafg tmoar jhns,pohplo whul` sakply crobto fow kobfs hi okplhykoft. Af b crobtavo shcaoty,ufokplhykoft stakulbtos tocmfhlhgacbl b`vbfcokoft, nocbuso tmhso wmh bro ufokplhyo` bro ihrco` th crobto b fow wby ihr tmoksolvos. _fokplhykoft rosults affukorhus oftroprofourabl stbrt-ups, bf` sooafg tmbt skbll nusafoss `ravos tmo kbrdot,crobtavaty whul` kbdo ufokplhykoft mobltmy ihr tmo ochfhky, rbtmor tmbf torkafbl. Nynochkafg bf brtaioxabf, obcm ufokplhyo` whrdor whul` stbgo b rovhlutahf bf`trbfscof` blaofbtahf, shcabl stagkb, bf` tmo kbtorabl àbloctac. Sb`ly, ny glhssafg hvorufproàctbnlo, ufkbfbgobnlo, bf` hrgbfac crobtavaty, scmhhls mbvo tbugmt Bkoracbfsmhw th rovhlt vahloftly af tryafg th bvha` tmo sunjoct hi rovhlutahf blthgotmor.23

Pmo ”oftroprofour rovhlutahfast‑ sbvos tmo nhurgohasao, tmo prhlotbrabt, bf` tmo shcaoty bs b wmhlo. Pmo brtaiox ofbnlos shcabl khnalaty, bctubl wobltm crobtahf, bf` bmagmor stbf`br` hi lavafg af ochfhkac, psycmhlhgacbl, bf` porshfbl torks. Kbdafg at

obsaor th ihcus hf tmo foxt prhjoct, brtaioxabfs `hf‑t ”pull tmoksolvos up ny tmoarnhhtstrbps‑. btmor, tmoy afvoft nhhts watmhut strbps.



>3

Smhul` Wo Got â` hi tmo Aftorfot8Hf Mhw Hur Culturbl Bttatuò Phwbr` Brt as Just bs Bnsur`

Chbutmhro` watm Norfbr` Mbfdafs

Pmo aftorfot, chuplo` watm b lbcd hi àscorfkoft, cmbrbctor, bf` crbit mbsoxbcornbto` hur soli-akphso` òmukbfazbtahf. Uohplo bro crobtavo, bf` pohplo wall uso

tmo aftorfot th oxpross tmoar crobtavaty. Safco tmo aftorfot asf‑t ghafg bwby, tmo quostahf as wmotmor mukbfs wall uso at chfstructavoly. At‑s obsy bf` iuffy th uso at ihròchfstructahf, sh tmo cmbllofgo th afcunbto soli-khtavbto` afàvaùbls th uso tmoaftorfot ihr tmo òvolhpkoft bf` oxprossahf hi oxcolloft crbit as grobt. Uohplo wallgoforbto culturo ovof ai tmoy brof‑t cbpbnlo, bf` ai shcaoty `hosf‑t oquap ats catazofsprhporly, tmo goforbto` culturo wall no hfo tmbt òmukbfazos bf` òstrhys.

A

Ph`by, tmo vbluafg hi brt as fobrly fhfoxastoft. Safco brt as tmo wby wo lobrf th

oxpross okhtahfs, chkpbssahf, bf` okpbtmy, bf` safco brt molps b porshf th put mas hrmor soli af htmor pohplo‑s smhos, brt as vatbl af ufòrstbfàfg htmors. Mofco, tmoòcrobsafg vbluafg hi brt as pbrtablly tmo robshf ihr tmo lbcd hi okhtahfbl aftollagofco, bf`tmas cbf cbuso vory nragmt afàvaùbls th chkkat mhrraiac mbrk th tmoksolvos bf` htmors.Uohplo bro nochkafg brtastacblly allatorbto, wmacm kbdos tmok okhtahfblly bfòkpbtmotacblly ufaftollagoft. Pmo lhss hi okpmbsazafg crobtavo oxcollofco af b whrl` watmkhro crobtavo bvofuos tmbf ovor noihro mbs chftranuto` th tmo ihrkulbtahf hi b pohplo

wmhso okpbtmy `hosf‑t oxcoo` tmoar tolovasahf prhgrbkkafg, bf` wmh‑s robctahf thlobrfafg bnhut b mhrraiac ovoft as th phst b stbtokoft hf Ibconhhd tmbt kbdos at clobrtmbt tmoy bro khvo` th tobrs ny tmo satubtahf.

Shcaoty mbs bccoss th brtastac phssanalaty bf` oxporaofco lado fovor noihro bf`

mbs kbfbgo` th wbsto bf` kutbto tmbt phtoftabl afth b cbchpmhfy tmbt pohplo lbugm bf`gbzo bt nut `hf‑t ufòrstbf`. Chfsaòr Qhutuno: bll mbvo bccoss th crobtavaty bfàfsparbtahf tmbfds th at, yot tmo kbjhraty wbtcm slbpstacd chko`y, tmo prhvhcbtavo, hr ”ibal

vaòhs‑. Ai wmbt as chfsaòro` iuffy bf` phpulbr as hf tmo sbko plbfo bs òmukbfazafg,sucm daf`s hi prhjocts wall no crobto`, cbusafg òmukbfazbtahf th no ”chhl‑. Watmhutokpbtmy, fht hfly wall shcaotaos no ufbnlo th sthp tmas trof`, nut tmoy whf‑t ovof no bnloth rochgfazo at bs òmukbfazafg af tmo iarst plbco. Ghh` brt, th tmo kbjhraty, wmotmortmoy kobf th hr fht, as fhw oqubto` watm phpulbr brt, kbdafg ghh` brt ònalatbtafg.

Watm tmo aftorfot, cmal`rof fhw mbvo tmo bnalaty th fht hfly soo fowly goforbto`culturo hf b `baly nbsas, nut th blsh chftranuto. Pmoy bro fh lhfgor pbssavo rocoavors hiculturo, nut pbrt hi tmo crobtavo nh`y. Safco Qhutuno as nbso` hf ”lados‑ bf` b phstor wmh

òmukbfazos obsaly rocoavos tmok, cmal`rof wall crobto òmukbfazafg chftoft. Qhufg,tmoy wall no lob` th nolaovo tmbt tmas daf` hi whrd as culturo bf` plbyiully chftranuto thtmo of` hi culturo. Pmas daf` hi brt as blsh obsy th prhùco: yhu `h fht foo` th gh thchllogo th pusm shkohfo hut hi b cmbar hr th kbdo b cbt plby pabfh. Pmas lob`s cmal`rofth nolaovo tmbt brt as obsy bf` tmbt brt mukalabtos. Brko` watm tmoso nolaois, tmoy gh bnhutòsagfafg tmo foxt bgo.

Af tmo 15s, Bkoracb‑s Iuffaost Mhko Yaòhs wbs iull hi claps hi pohplo wmhmbppofo` th cbtcm bccaòfts. Bwbro tmbt tmas wbs phpulbr, pohplo th`by brrbfgo tmoso“bccaòfts‛. Khòrfs bro b goforbtahf chfscahus hi phtoftablly noafg pbrt hi Bkoracb‑sIuffaost Mhko Yaòhs bfy khkoft hi bfy `by, fht koro vaowors. Afstob` hi wbatafg

ihr rbf`hk ovofts, pohplo bro bnlo th cbuso tmok bf` tmof phst tmoar vaòhsakkoàbtoly ihr b glhnbl buàofco watmhut bfy daf` hi scroofafg prhcoss. Lavafgbkhfgst tmas daf` hi soli-bwbrofoss as shkotmafg cmal`rof wall no ufbnlo th bvha` noafg

http://www.bernardhankins.com/

http://www.amazon.com/Emotional-Intelligence-Matter-More-Than/dp/055338371X

http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=fail+videos




http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-B9ORHj6qH4






http://www.amazon.com/Emotional-Intelligence-Matter-More-Than/dp/055338371X

http://www.bernardhankins.com/



>0

afiluofco` ny, bf` sh, tmrhugm tmoar crobtavaty, ai fht trbafo` htmorwaso, cmal`rof wall noufbnlo th bvha` chfstructafg culturo watmhut crbit.

AA

Cmal`rof th`by cbf bccoss b tmhusbf` shfgs watm b clacd, wmalo cmal`rof hi tmo

pbst whul` spof` tof yobrs gbafafg bccoss th hfly b muf`ro`. Kusac as chfsuko`, bs asbll brt, bf` cmal`rof mbvo lobrfo` th trobt brt lado b chfsukor bf`, pbrb`hxacblly, bmhbròr. Pmoroihro, cmal`rof prhùco wmbt cbf no chfsuko` afstob` hi oxporaofco` bf`chfiuso at watm brt. Watm b safglo phst, b tmhusbf` pohplo cbf dfhw wmbt b porshf as`hafg. Chfsoquoftly, cmal`rof gh tmrhugm tmoar `by lhhdafg ihr bctavataos tmbt bro whrtmyhi twootafg vorsus oxporaofcafg. Pmas goforbtahf afstbftly smbros shkotmafg tmo khkoftat iaf`s shkotmafg whrtm smbrafg. Iurtmorkhro, tmo aftorfot culturo ofchurbgoschuftorioatafg: b iblso quhto cbf no bttranuto` th Khrgbf Irookbf th goforbto ”lados‑,bf` tmoro‑s fhtmafg tmo grobt bcthr cbf `h th sthp at. Grbùblly, pohplo nochkoàstrustafg hi wmbt tmoy soo bf` mobr.

Watm sucm obso bf` bvbalbnalaty th brt chkos tmo tokptbtahf th sdap tmo lhfgrhb` hf wmacm crbit, cmbrbctor, bf` àscorfkoft bro cultavbto`. Bfyhfo th`by cbf no bfbrtast wmhso whrd as àstranuto`, bf` tmas mbs ats nofoiats. At uso` th no bf brtast mb` thdfhw tmo ragmt pohplo bf` mbvo bccoss th khfoy th bcmaovo bf buàofco. Fhw, ovoryhfombs b cmbfco, nut tmas rokhvos tmo clobr nhròr notwoof tmo brtast watm crbit bf` tmobrtast watm crbss. Watmhut àscorfkoft bf` was`hk, tmas nhròr vbfasmos bll thgotmor.

Watm at ghos brtastac bpprocabtahf, tmo kbdafgs hi wmacm bro blrob`y af tmo whrds.@okhcrbtazbtahf roquaros olato àscorfkoft th cmocd bf` nblbfco at, nut òkhcrbtazbtahftof`s th òstrhy bfy daf` hi olatask. Af iroo`hk, pohplo smhul` cmhhso th kbdotmoksolvos oxports, nut sb`ly iroo`hk kbdos at obsy bf` phpulbr th sottlo watmkoàhcraty. Watmhut oxports hr olatos, tmoro bro hfly fhvacos ju`gafg fhvacos: tmoro bro

fh ialtors th shrt tmo ghh`, tmo nb`, bf`/hr tmo ugly. Rublaty afovatbnly àkafasmos, bs`hos brtastac latorbcy, bf` watm tmbt b shcaoty lhsos ats bnalaty th òiafo brt bf` tmo brtast.

Watmhut òiafatahf, nhtm ibò bwby. Pmas as fht th sby tmo lhss hi olatos as afmoroft watm@okhcrbcy, hfly ladoly. Iroo`hk, lado tmo aftorfot, as b moity rosphfsanalaty. Watm atchkos tmo phtoftabl ihr grobt ghh` bf` grobt mhrrhr.

AAA

Hfco, at thhd tako th brrbfgo bf` soo brt: b curbthr mb` th propbro bf oxmanat wmacm pohplo mb` th trbvol th oxporaofco. Ph`by, brt as phsto` rbtmor tmbf mufg hf wblls,roquaros fh mhst, bf` b chuplo cbf vaow at akkoàbtoly irhk mhko hf b mhkopbgo.

Uohplo bro nhknbrò` watm chuftloss stakulbfts tmrhugmhut tmo `by, kbfy hi wmacmtmoy mbvo fh cmhaco nut th bnshrn. Safco tmo kbjhraty hi tmo chftoft as lhw qublaty, tmasrosults af tmo lagmt-spoo` sprobàfg hi òmukbfazbtahf afth tmo kaf`s hi tmhso wmh mbvofh cmhaco nut th soo wmbt as phsto` hf wblls tmrhugm ”up`btos‑ bf` Qhutuno‑smhkopbgo. Pmas as b wby af wmacm pohplo nochko thh pbssavo af rocoavafg brt, bf` attrbafs afàvaùbls fht th spof` thh kucm tako pbyafg bttoftahf th wmbt as af irhft hitmok. Ny tmoar afbnalaty th doop afihrkbtahf hut, pohplo bro trbafo` th àstrbcttmoksolvos bs b òiofso kocmbfask bgbafst tmo hvorwmolkafg ta`bl wbvo hi `btb.

At uso` th no tmo cbso tmbt bccossafg brt blkhst blwbys chst khfoy, nut tmohpphsato as fhw truo. Af tmo pbst, tmo praco tbg afmoroftly ihrco` afàvaùbls th no khro

àscorfafg, nocbuso mukbfs fbturblly tmafd khro bnhut wmbt tmoy nuy af chkpbrashf th wmbt tmoy rocoavo irooly. _floss, tmbt as, tmoy noof mbvo trbafo` th hvorchko tmas fbturbltofòfcy watm b cbpbcaty th cultavbto bpprocabtahf bf` grbtatuò hf tmoar hwf. Watmhut





>9

nhknbrò` watm afihrkbtahf tmoy mbvo fh cmhaco nut th bt lobst soo. Mofco, at asafovatbnlo tmbt tmo phashf wall robcm ovoryhfo: tmoy wall no ufbnlo th oscbpo, tmo aftorfotnoafg sh lbrgo, sh quacd. Safco tmo cbpbcaty hi cmal`rof th àscorf brt bf` mukbfataos asplbco` nofobtm chkpotofco hi kbtm bf` scaofcos, cmal`rof, ospocablly wmof hf tmoarhwf, wall no molploss th dfhw wmacm afiluofcos th lot af bf` wmacm th doop hut. Pmoy

wall mbvo fh smaol` watm wmacm th òiof` tmoksolvos bgbafst tmo Lovabtmbf hi crbss

culturo.

Y

Brt mbs noof bccuso` hi cbusafg kbss dallafgs, ònbucmory, otc. PbdoChluknafo: kbfy spoculbto` tmbt mobvy kotbl chftranuto`. Wmbt smhul` no `hfo8Cofshrsmap af bf aftorfot bgo wall fovor hutpbco usors bf` wall arhfacblly hfly afcrobsotmo prhùctahf hi, bf` aftorost af, wmbt as cofshro`. Cofshrsmap wall fht orbso tmo òsaroth crobto, hfly irustrbto at afth àroctafg atsoli thwbr` tmo òstructavo. Nosaòs, ovof ai tmoaftorfot wbsf‑t thh lbrgo th cofshr, hfo `hosf‑t dfhw wmbt th cofshr uftal bitor b torranloovoft4 rotrhspoctavo, cofshrsmap as blwbys nomaf`. ^btmor tmbf try th smut `hwf vbrahuskusac gofros hr smhws, pohplo smhul` bsd wmy tmoy chko hut af tmo iarst plbco. Phcofshr as th b``ross sykpthks hi b culturblly systokbtac prhnlok – tmo ibll hi brtastaclatorbcy – bf` cofshrsmap wall fht òcrobso aftorfblazbtahf hi wmbt òmukbfazos.

Pmo hfly shlutahf as th afcrobso cmbrbctor bf` àscorfkoft, bf` tmas wallfbturblly khvo shcaoty bs b wmhlo irhk tmo òstructavo th tmo chfstructavo, irhk crbss thcrbit. Pmhugm kbtm bf` scaofco bro akphrtbft, okpmbsazafg tmok hvor tmo mukbfataosòokpmbsazos cbpbcataos focossbry ihr b pohplo th crbit culturo tmbt `hosf‑t soli -òstruct. Culturo as ghafg th no crobto` bf` crobtavaty as ghafg th crobto shkotmafg: òfabl hi tmoafovatbnlo kbdos tmo afovatbnlo b prhnlok. B ibaluro th òvolhp phsatavo crobtavo sdalls afscmhhls wall hfly afcrobso tmo voftafg hi tmoso cbpbcataos af kbffors òtrakoftbl th

shcaoty. Ai mobvy kotbl chftranuto` th Chluknafo, at as clobr brt as phworiul bfàfiluoftabl. Pmoroihro, b trokof`hus wby th akprhvo shcaoty smhul` no àroctafg bf`strofgtmofafg crobtavaty ihr ghh`. Ibaluro th `h tmas ny `hafg fhtmafg hr strossafgrotrhspoctavo bctahf lado cofshrsmap wall usmor af tmo nb`, ihr cmal`rof wall agfhrbftlyakprhvo tmoar sdalls hf tmoar hwf bf` àroct tmok watmhut oxporaofco bf`/hr wasogua`bfco. Ibaluro hi shcaoty th prhporly okpmbsazo crobtavaty cbusos ats chrruptahf.

Culturo wall no kbò, bf` at wall no kbò af tmo akbgo hi ats crobthrs. Pmocmal`rof hi th`by bro tmo crobthrs hi thkhrrhw. Ai wo `h fht `h shkotmafg, thkhrrhw‑s

whrl` wall no iull hi cmal`rof wmh cbffht àscorf tmo àiiorofco notwoof wmbtòmukbfazos bf` wmbt oflavofs. Pmo grobtost gait tmo curroft goforbtahf cbf gavo tmofoxt as tobcmafg at mhw th lavo. Ai tmas bgo cbros bnhut thkhrrhw, at wall ofbnlo cmal`rof th

mbvo crbit rbtmor tmbf no crbss.Uohplo wall no crobtavo, ospocablly cmal`rof: tmo quostahf as hfly mhw. Pmo

aftorfot asf‑t ghafg bwby, sh tmo quostahf as wmbt wall iall at8 Pmo òmukbfazafg hr@bfto8 Pmo cmhaco as hurs, bf` tmo shhfor wo hvorchko tmo obsy tokptbtahf th no crbss,tmo shhfor wo wall ofgbgo af crbitafg b fow bf` nobutaiul whrl`.

Sh – smhul` wo got ra` hi tmo aftorfot8Lot‑s just cmbfgo hursolvos.



>7

Jhy Ph Pmo Whrl` Bf Ochfhkac Afàcbthr

Bf ochfhky oxasts th kbdo jhy bccossanlo, bf` b shcaoty tmbt `hosf‑t ofbnlo atscatazofs th iool lado laio as whrtm lavafg as b shcaoty tmbt ibals. Pmo obsaor tmo ochfhkykbdos tmas roblazbtahf ihr ats catazofs, tmo nottor tmo shcahochfhkac hròr bs b wmhlo.

Pmhugm nhtm oftbal okhtahfbl iluctubtahf (bt lobst bcchràfg th tmas whrd), jhy as fhf-chftafgoft iuliallkoft wmalo mbppafoss as chftafgoft uphf oxtorfblataos. Chfsoquoftly,uflado aftorfbl jhy, mbppafoss as tokphrbry. Iurtmorkhro, tmhugm sucm bf ostakbtahfcbffht no kbò irhk mbppafoss, tmo bctubl vbluo hi bf ochfhky cbf no ostakbto` irhktmo jhy hi ats pbrtacapbfts. Pmo magmor tmo jhy, tmo loss ladoly tmoro as b nunnlo af tmosystok.

Irhk hvorbll jhy, wmacm cbf no ostakbto` irhk rbtos hi òprossahf, suaca o, bf`jhn sbtasibctahf, at cbf no ostakbto` th wmbt ògroo bf ochfhky as `ravof ny croàt

vorsus prhùctavaty, bs at cbf no ostakbto` th wmbt ògroo afilbtahf bf` rasafg pracosroiloct prhùctavaty vorsus currofcy òvblubtahf. Pmas as nocbuso jhy as b rosult hi

aftrafsac khtavbtahf, bf` tmo khro aftrafsacblly khtavbto` b shcaoty, tmo loss ladolyprhùctavaty wall òclafo ùrafg porah`s hi ochfhkac stbnalaty bf`/hr grhwtm.

A

Pmo nbsac bssukptahfs bf` hutlafo ihr tmas pbpor bro bs ihllhws:

2) Jhy `hosf‑t raso bs hos chfsukptahf. >) Jhy rasos bs `hos aftrafsac khtavbtahf.3) Jhy asf‑t vhlbtalo. 0)

Aftrafsac khtavbtahf ultakbtoly `ravos prhùctavaty, wmalo oxtrafsac khtavbtahf

ultakbtoly `ravos croàt cyclos.?) Chfsukptahf watmhut prhùctavaty cbusos nunnlos (hr cyclos hi nhhks bf` nusts).9)

Pmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` bro khro ladoly th chfsuko af b kbffor tmbt `hosf‑t`ravo prhùctavaty, wmalo tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` bro khro ladoly th chfsuko af bkbffor tmbt `ravos prhùctavaty.

7) Wmof tmo ochfhky as ghh`, tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` prhùco loss, mbvafgbcmaovo` tmo ghbls hi tmoar lbnhr (iafbfcafg b mhko, wbfts, otc.). Pmoy fh lhfgormbvo th whrd (prhùctavoly): tmoy cbf pby ihr bll tmoar chsts. Ai tmoy `h stall whrd,tmoy `hf‑t mbv o th whrd bfy mbròr tmbf tmoy blrob`y whrd. Qot ùrafg b nhhk,

watm afilbtahf hr khro croàt af tmo systok, tmo ochfhky foo`s khro prhùctavaty thiafbfco tmbt afcrobso af croàt. Mhwovor, tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` mbvo fh robshf

th afcrobso prhùctavaty nocbuso at `hosf‑t sook lado tmoy foo` th (nocbuso tmbt fooàs ma`òf nomaf` croàt): tmoy sook th no whrdafg ofhugm.

=)

Wmof tmo ochfhky as ghh`, tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` chftafuo whrdafg, nocbusotmoar whrd as fht chftafgoft uphf tmoar ofvarhfkoft, nut porshfbl `ravos.

1) Pmo magmor tmo jhy hi b fbtahf, tmo magmor ats fuknor hi aftrafsacblly khtavbto`pohplo. Pmo khro aftrafsacblly khtavbto` pohplo, tmo khro ladoly tmbt b nhhk asf‑t bnunnlo wmacm wall ovoftublly lob` th b nust, tmbt ”stbnalaty hosf‑t ostbnalazo‑.

25) Pmo lhwor tmo jhy, tmo khro ladoly ”stbnalaty ostbnalazos‑ bf` croàt hutpbcosprhùctavaty.

22)

Ph tmo ògroo croàt hutpbcos prhùctavaty as th tmo ògroo curroft grhwtm as b

nunnlo bf`/hr ”ibdo‑. 2>)

Ai jhy as magm, croàt bf` prhùctavaty bro ladoly clhso th hfo bfhtmor. Ai jhy as lhw,croàt prhnbnly oxcoo`s prhùctavaty.





>1

Afcoftavos bro ovorytmafg, nut fht bll afcoftavos bro tmo sbko. Ph no oxtrafsacbllykhtavbto` as th no b khuso tmbt rufs tmrhugm b kbzo th got cmooso, wmalo th noaftrafsacblly khtavbto` as th ruf tmrhugm tmbt kbzo nocbuso yhu lado ruffafg. Oxtrafsackhtavbtahf roquaros tmbt shkohfo blwbys plbcos tmo cmooso bt tmo of` hi tmo kbzo, wmaloaftrafsac khtavbtahf roquaros fhtmafg hi bfyhfo oxcopt ihr tmo khuso th ofjhy `hafg

wmbt tmo khuso `hos. Iurtmorkhro, tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` khuso, wmof mo robcmos

tmo cmooso, wall sthp ruffafg, wmalo tmo khuso tmbt lados ruffafg, wmotmor gavof cmoosohr fht, wall ruf hf.

Pmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` khuso cbf nochko oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` ai gavofcmooso ovory tako mo iafasmos tmo kbzo: tmo khuso kby chko th lado ruffafg nocbuso molados cmooso tmrhugm ruffafg, rbtmor tmbf lado ruffafg af bf` hi atsoli. Iurtmorkhro, ai mogots uso` th cmooso bf` su`òfly at‑s fht tmoro, tmo khuso kby cmbfgo mas bttatuò. Pmo

vory bct hi hiiorafg bf oxtrafsac khtavbtahf th got tmo khuso th stbrt ruffafg kby no tmo vory bct tmbt ultakbtoly kbdos tmo khuso sthp.>

Pmo khuso tmbt as ruffafg ihr cmooso bf` tmo khuso tmbt lados ruffafg lhhdaòftacbl af tmo bct hi ruffafg. Af tmo lhfg ruf yhu cbf toll tmo àiiorofco, nut fhtakkoàbtoly. Bf` ai yhu chul` bsd tmo kaco ”`h yhu lado ruffafg8‑, nhtm kby bfswor”yos‑, tmhugm hfo hi tmok lados ruffafg nocbuso hi tmo cmooso mo gots mak wmalo tmohtmor prakbraly lados tmo oxporaofco hi ruffafg. Bctahfs spobd lhuòr tmbf whr`s, nutbctahfs brof‑t blwbys obsy th rob`. Pmo hfo wmh lados ruffafg ihr ruffafg‑s sbdo kbyblsh lado waffafg prazos (hr tmbt sbko khuso kby mbppof th waf prazos). Wmotmor bfoxtrafsacblly khtavbtafg ibcthr as afvhlvo` bt bll whf‑t oquap us watm tmo àscorfkoft thtoll tmo àiiorofco notwoof tmo twh kaco. Shkotmafg khro as fooò`.

Bf afcoftavo as b daf` hi purphso. Ai A bk gavof khfoy ihr tbdafg hut tmo trbsm,tmo robshf A tbdo hut tmo trbsm as th rocoavo chkpofsbtahf. A iool mbppafoss wmof Arocoavo tmo khfoy, nut tbdafg hut tmo trbsm prhnbnly `hosf‑t nrafg ko jhy (af bf` hiatsoli). Oxtrafsac khtavbthrs bro tmo nofoibcthrs hi tokphrbry mbppafoss nut fht

focossbraly chfsastoft jhy4 tmhugm tmoy grbtaiy afstbftly, tmoy lbst khkoftbraly. Pmoro broshko tmafgs tmbt fh hfo wbfts th `h nut tmbt kust no `hfo, bf` sh oxtrafsackhtavbtahfs mbvo b rhlo. Mhwovor, wmof bll hi laio nochkos shkotmafg tmbt pohplo `hf‑t

wbft th `h, oxtrafsac khtavbtahfs bro rosphfsanlo ihr thh kucm. Uohplo bro supphso` thno aftrafsacblly khtavbto` th lavo bf` oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` th `h tmafgs af laio tmoyrosast nocbuso tmhso tmafgs afmanat laio. Wmof oxtrafsac khtavbtahf oftaroly roplbcosaftrafsac khtavbtahf, bll hi laio as af tmo wby (hi shkotmafg tmbt `hosf‑t ovof oxast).Chfsoquoftly, pohplo nochko rolabft hf trbfsaoft oxporaofcos hi mbppafoss, wmacmcbusos òcrobsos af jhy bf` afcrobsos af òprossahf.3

Wmoro khòrf Cbpatblask mbs ghfo wrhfg as tmbt at as fhw khtavbto` nykhfoy af hròr th chfsuko, wmof Cbpatblask hfly whrds wmof khfoy as uso` th iuliall

purphso. Uurphso stbnalazos b systok wmacm cbffht stbnalazo atsoli.Af b wby, fh hfo wbfts th kbdo khfoy: khfoy as tmbt wmacm pohplo mbvo th

kbdo af hròr th bcchkplasm wmbt tmoy wbft. Khfoy as b kobfs th bf of`, ovof ai tmbtof` as th iool ghh` bnhut noafg racm. Ai pohplo chul` got ovorytmafg tmoy wbfto` hrfooò` watmhut htmors bf` afstbftly , khfoy whul`f‑t oxast. Pmo oxastofco hi khfoy as btostbkoft th tmo roblaty tmbt tmo whrl` asf‑t porioct. Khfoy blsh tostaiaos th tmo ibct tmbtpohplo mbvo th `h tmafgs tmoy `hf‑t wbft th `h, bf` yot khfoy as blsh b nobchf hi mhpophaftafg th b whrl` af wmacm wmbt pohplo wbft as bcmaovo`. Mhwovor, ihr khfoy th nosucm b nobchf, pohplo kust blwbys wbft shkotmafg. Wmof tmbt purphso (hr wbft) asghfo, khfoy nochkos bf of` af atsoli, wmacm at cbffht no (watmhut noafg pbrb`hxacbl

bf` mofco oxastoftablly ufsottlafg). Wmof trobto` bs bf of` af atsoli, khfoy nochkoschftrbàcthry, bf` tmhso wmh hwf at bro chftrbàcto` ny at.0



35

Wmof ochfhkac ghh` takos nogaf, at sooks bs ai tmo whrl` mbs nochko porioct:tmo phaft hi khfoy sooks th mbvo noof bcmaovo`. Chfsoquoftly, b oupmhrac porah` sotsaf bf` prhùctavaty `rhps. Bs pohplo tof` th lhhd ihrwbr` th tmo woodof`, pohplo whrdlhhdafg ihrwbr` th tmo takos wmof spofàfg as obsy. Pmof, tmoy ”lot tmoar mbar `hwf‑, porso. Pmas sooks th no mukbf fbturo, wmacm, lado bfakbl fbturo, ofjhys plobsuro.?

Wmof ”lavafg‑ bf` ”chfsukafg‑ nochko sakalos vorsus ”lavafg‑ bf` ”prhùcafg‑,

tmo ochfhky as tmrobtofo`. Pmas as nocbuso bs shhf bs ovoryhfo iools lado tmoy‑ro lavafg,tmoy‑ll sthp prhùcafg hr whf‑t prhùco bs kucm. Qot ai croàt as iuolafg tmas nhhk,prhùctahf kust rokbaf magm af hròr th ovoftublly pby hii tmo bkbsso` ònt nuròf.

Cbpatblask‑s whrst ofoky as prhnbnly ats hwf succoss.

?)

Chfsukptahf watmhut prhùctavaty cbusos nunnlos (hr cyclos hi nhhks bf`nusts).

Nunnlos bro fht phssanlo watmhut croàt: bll nunnlos bro ultakbtoly b rosult hichfsukptahf tmbt asf‑t nbcdo` ny prhùctahf. Chfsukptahf watmhut prhùctavatyroquaros croàt. Croàt iufctahfs lado prhùctahf, ihr bs prhùctahf bllhws hfo bccoss thcbpatbl th iuf` chfsukptahf, croàt `hos tmo sbko. Spofàfg `ravos tmo ochfhky, shchfsukptahf as hi tmo utkhst akphrtbfco, nut fht bll chfsukptahf as oqubl.

Spofàfg wmacm as nbcdo` ny croàt kby `ravo tmo ochfhky, wmalo spofàfgnbcdo` ny (bctubl) khfoy `hos `ravo tmo ochfhky. Wmotmor hr fht croàt `hos `ravo tmoochfhky òpof`s hf wmotmor ònts bf` lhbfs bro ultakbtoly pba` hii. Pmo bnalaty hinhrrhwors th iafbfco ònts as ultakbtoly tao` th mhw prhùctavo tmoy bro, wmacm as tao` thtmo prhùctavaty hi tmo hvorbll ochfhky.

Ochfhkasts strugglo watm ostakbtafg mhw kucm croàt as `ravafg grhwtm. Safcocroàt as uso` nhtm ùrafg nunnlos bf` robl grhwtm, at‑s mbr` th toll. Ladowaso, safcoafilbtahf as b typo hi lhbf, at‑s mbr` th toll mhw kucm afilbtahf as bctublly ”roilbtahf‑ vorsus

”currofcy òvblubtahf‑. Afilbtahf as roilocto` af bf afcrobso af pracos bf`/hr tmo khfoysupply, nut pracos cbf nhtm roiloct bf afcrobso af prhùctavaty hr b lhss hi spofàfgphwor: at‑s mbr` th toll.9

Ph uso b kotbpmhr, grhwtm `ravof ny khfoy bf` prhùctahf as lado afcrobsafgtmo vhluko hi b safgor ny tollafg mor th safg lhuòr, wmalo grhwtm `ravof ny croàt bfàfilbtahf as lado afcrobsafg mor vhluko ny turfafg up tmo rbàh.7 _ltakbtoly, hfly grhwtm`ravof ny khfoy bf` prhùctahf chufts. Ph tmo ògroo croàt bf` afilbtahf chftranuto thkhfoy bf` prhùctahf as th tmo ògroo croàt bf` afilbtahf bro nofoiacabl, wmalo th tmoògroo tmoy `hf‑t as th tmo ògroo tmoy chftranuto th nunnlos.= Mhwovor, at‑s mbr` th toll

wmof tmo safgor as gottafg lhuòr nocbuso shkohfo as turfafg up tmo vhluko irhk wmoftmo safgor as bctublly safgafg lhuòr. Ihrtufbtoly, jhy cbf molp aòftaiy tmo àiiorofco.

9)

Pmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` bro khro ladoly th chfsuko af b kbffor tmbt`hosf‑t `ravo prhùctavaty, wmalo tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` bro khro ladolyth chfsuko af b kbffor tmbt `ravos prhùctavaty.

Croàt cyclos hvorlby prhùctavaty, kbdafg at mbr` th toll grhwtm bs b rosult hiprhùctahf irhk grhwtm bs b rosult hi koro croàt. Urhùctahf bf` croàt bro lado twhravors tmbt cbf crhss af hfo spht bf` fht af bfhtmor. Pmoy lhhd tmo sbko bf` shkotakos

vartublly bro, bf` yot tmoy‑ro àstafct.1

Bfy daf` hi grhwtm wall sbtasiy tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto`, rbtmor at no grhwtm

tmrhugm croàt hr grhwtm tmrhugm prhùctahf. Hf tmo htmor mbf`, tmo aftrafsacbllykhtavbto` wall fovor no sbtasiao` ny grhwtm, nocbuso tmoy‑ro blrob`y sbtasiao` ny



32

tmoksolvos. Pmoar sbtasibctahf chkos th tmok tmrhugm tmoar whrd: tmoy‑ll doop whrdafgrogbr`loss tmoar prhsporaty.

Safco grhwtm tmrhugm croàt as obsaor bf` quacdor, tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` wall fbturblly bf` rbtahfblly no af ibvhr hi tmbt ihrk hi grhwtm tmbf grhwtm tmrhugmprhùctahf. Pmo robshf tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` whrd as th bcmaovo grhwtm bf`plobsuros tmbt rosult, bf` safco croàt roblazos tmbt ghbl quacdly, grhwtm tmrhugm croàt as

khro rbtahfbl tmbf grhwtm tmrhugm prhùctahf. Wmbt as ”rbtahfbl‑ as rolbtavo th hfo‑safcoftavos, bf` ai hfo as afcoftavazo` oxtorfblly, wmbtovor bcmaovos tmbt oxtrafsac ghblquacdost bf` obsaost as khst rbtahfbl.

Pmoroihro, ihr tmo kbrdot th no rbtahfbl thwbr` prhùctavaty rbtmor tmbf croàtcrobtahf, tmo kbrdot kust no aftrafsacblly khtavbto`. Htmorwaso, b ”rbtahfbl kbrdot‑ wallno hfo tmbt nlhws atsoli up watm croàt. Pmo kbrdot as rbtahfbl, nut wmbt as rbtahfbl th`byas fht blwbys rbtahfbl af tmo lhfg ruf.

7)

Wmof tmo ochfhky as ghh`, tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` prhùco loss,mbvafg bcmaovo` tmo ghbls hi tmoar lbnhr (iafbfcafg b mhko, wbfts, otc.).

Pmoy fh lhfgor mbvo th whrd (prhùctavoly): tmoy cbf pby ihr bll tmoarchsts. Ai tmoy `h stall whrd, tmoy `hf‑t mbvo th whrd bfy mbròr tmbf tmoyblrob`y whrd. Qot ùrafg b nhhk, watm afilbtahf hr khro croàt af tmosystok, tmo ochfhky foo`s khro prhùctavaty th iafbfco tmbt afcrobso afcroàt. Mhwovor, tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` mbvo fh robshf th afcrobsoprhùctavaty nocbuso at `hosf‑t sook lado tmoy foo` th (nocbuso tmbt foo` asma`òf nomaf` croàt): tmoy sook th no whrdafg ofhugm.

Ochfhkast Jhsopm Scmukpotor wbrfo` tmbt Cbpatblask as ruafo` ny ats succossbs Mykbf Kafsdy – tmo kbaf afsparbtahf ihr tmas pbpor – ladowaso wbrfo` tmbt ”stbnalatyòstbnalazos‑. @urafg ghh` takos wmof tmo ochfhky sooks strhfg, chfsukors tof` th

hvor-lovorbgo, hvor-chfsuko, bf` hvor-spof`. Chfsoquoftly, tmo systok ”nhhks‑ bf`tmof ”nusts‑.

Iurtmorkhro, ai pohplo mbvo nochko rolabft hf oxtrafsac khtavbthrs th whrd, bstmhso oxtrafsac khtavbthrs vbfasm bf` tmo systok `waf`los `hwfwbr`, prhùctahf rbtos

wall òpross.25 Pmoy whf‑t raso uftal shkohfo wmh as aftrafsacblly khtavbto` crobtos bf`hiiors ”cmooso‑ hr oxtrafsac khtavbthrs bgbaf (safco tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` bro tmo hflyhfos wmh ultakbtoly kbdo ”cmooso‑ rogbr`loss tmo stbto hi tmo kbrdot hr wmotmorshkohfo hiiors tmok ”cmooso‑ th `h sh ). Nut ai tmo shcaoty lhst sucm afàvaùbls ùrafgtmo nhhk, wmof tmo kbjhraty nocbko rolabft hf oxtrafsac khtavbthrs, tmo aftrafsacbllykhtavbto` whf‑t no tmoro wmof tmoy bro fooò`. Pmo systok wall oftor b @oprossahf

watm lattlo mhpo hi rochvory (ospocablly ai khst sbvafgs woro squoozo` hut hf tmo wby

`hwf, bs Doyfos wbrfo` ladoly).22 At as mukbf fbturo th wbft th nhrrhw nut fht th pby nbcd, bs at as mukbf fbturo

th wbft th spof` rbtmor tmbf sbvo.2> Wmof at nochkos thh obsy th spof`, at wall no tmocbso tmbt spofàfg hutpbcos prhùctahf, bf` b nunnlo wall ofsuo. Pmas as tmo rasd watmcroàt. Bcchràfg th Scmukpotor bf` Kafsdy, shkotmafg hi tmas fbturo wall mbppof

wmofovor Cbpatblask as succossiul. Whrsofafg tmo chllbpso, nunnlos bro soli-iooàfg. Bsònt grhws, lofàfg afcrobsos, bf` tmo ochfhky as iurtmor pukpo` up bf` oxpbfò`

watm croàt4 afchkos afcrobso, tmo sthcd kbrdot nhhks, mhusafg pracos raso, bf` khro. Pmas rosults af loss pohplo prhùcafg nocbuso tmoso oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` afàvaùblsbcmaovo tmo ”cmooso‑ tmoy whrdo` th bcquaro. Chfsoquoftly, prhùctahf `rhps, wmacm

kobfs croàt hutpbcos prhùctahf, yot croàt kbdos at sook bs ai prhùctahf as magm. Wmof tmo ònts bro cbllo` af, tmoro asf‑t tmo prhùctavaty th iafbfco tmok, bf` tmo nhhknusts.

http://books.google.com/books/about/Capitalism_Socialism_and_Democracy.html?id=6eM6YrMj46sC

http://seekingalpha.com/article/76313-introducing-the-minsky-theory-stability-is-destabilizing










http://books.google.com/books/about/Capitalism_Socialism_and_Democracy.html?id=6eM6YrMj46sC



3>

@ont `ravos grhwtm af tmo smhrt-tork ihr tmo vory robshf tmbt at lots pohplo lavohutsaò tmoar kobfs. Qot at ovoftublly ihrcos pohplo th lavo ”nolhw tmoar kobfs‑ wmoftmoy mbvo th pby nbcd tmoar ònts. Pmoroihro, hfo smhul` hfly got afth ònt wmof mo hrsmo wbfts th afcrobso mas hr mor prhùctavaty, lost tmbt porshf no ufbnlo th survavo tmo”pby nbcd‑ porah`. Qot nocbuso ònt kbdos tmo smhrt-tork chkihrtbnlo, at as ladoly b gavofporshf wall sthp whrdafg bf` lhwor mas hr mor prhùctavaty, kbdafg at ufladoly tmbt tmo

porshf wall survavo tmo ”pby nbcd‑ porah`.23 Wmbt kbdos hr nrobds Cbpatblask as tmo lovol hi prhùctahf tmbt hccurs ùrafg

tmo ”ghh` takos‑, bf` wmof Cbpatblask as òpofòft uphf oxtrafsac khtavbtahf, tmoso”ghh` takos‑ bro oxbctly wmof prhùctahf iblls.20

=)

Wmof tmo ochfhky as ghh`, tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` chftafuo whrdafg,nocbuso tmoar whrd as fht chftafgoft uphf tmoar ofvarhfkoft, nut porshfbl`ravos.

B Cbpatblask tmbt‑s oftaroly aftrafsacblly khtavbto` as hfo‑s tmbt‑s ”stbnalaty`hosf‑t ostbnlazo‑.2? Pmo prhnlok watm ònt as tmbt at crobtos b chkihrtbnlo prosoft,

wmacm kbdos b porshf wmh asf‑t aftrafsacblly khtavbto` chkplbcoft. Chfsoquoftly, wmoftmo ònt mbs th no pba` nbcd, tmo porshf asf‑t rob`y. Pmas lhgac bpplaos th shcaoty bs b

wmhlo.Hf tmo htmor mbf`, tmo prhùctavaty hi tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` asf‑t

afiluofco` ny tmo ofvarhfkoft: tmoy chftafuo noafg prhùctavo rogbr`loss. Af tmohry, bshcaoty tmbt as oftaroly aftrafsacblly khtavbto` whul` no hfo af wmacm tmoro whul` fovorno nunnlos, tmhugm tmbt asf‑t th sby tmoro whul`f‑t no kal` hr grbùbl praco b`justkofts.

Pmas as nocbuso tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` `h fht hitof chfsuko bt tmo oxpofso hiprhùctahf, fhr `h tmoy tof` th tbdo hf ònt tmbt `hosf‑t chftranuto th prhùctahf.Mhwovor, wmalo tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` prhùco ihr tmo sbdo hi prhùctahf, tmo

oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` prhùco ihr tmo sbdo hi chfsukptahf. @ont, iooàfgchfsukptahf bf` obsy th bkbss, wall grbùblly roplbco prhùctahf ihr tmo oxtrafsacbllykhtavbto`, bf` th tmo ògroo tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` kbdo up tmo kbjhraty wall no thtmo ògroo b nunnlo as afilbto`.

1)

Pmo magmor tmo jhy hi b fbtahf, tmo magmor ats fuknor hi aftrafsacbllykhtavbto` pohplo. Pmo khro aftrafsacblly khtavbto` pohplo, tmo khro ladolytmbt b nhhk asf‑t b nunnlo wmacm wall lob` th b nust, tmbt ”stbnalaty hosf‑tòstbnalazo‑.

Pmo bssukptahf moro as tmbt jhy, bs òiafo` bpbrt irhk mbppafoss, roquaros

purphso. Uurphso nogots aftrafsac khtavbtahf bf` whrd th roblazo tmbt purphso.Mhwovor, ”purphso‑ asf‑t sakply b ”ghbl‑. Ghbls cbf no roblazo` bf` iafasmo` watm, nutpurphso as blwbys ufòrghafg roblazbtahf. B ghbl, ihr oxbkplo, whul` no ”th wrato bnhhd‑, wmalo b purphso whul` no ”th no b wrator‑. Pmo iarst as b porah` hi tako, nut tmosochf` as b wby hi laio. Pmo iarst as bf oxtrafsac khtavbthr, wmalo tmo sochf`, òblafg watmaòftaty, as aftrafsac.

Pmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` mbvo b sofso hi purphso, bf` watm tmbt chkos bsofso hi aòftaty. Mbvafg b socuro aòftaty, sucm bf afàvaùbl asf‑t obsaly swbyo` ny mashr mor ofvarhfkoft. Wmotmor tmafgs bro ghh` hr nb`, tmo afàvaùbl goforblly stbyschfstbft. Pmoroihro, tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` bro fht ladoly th no ”òstbnalazo` ny

stbnalaty‑ bf` sh ibll vactak th rolyafg hf croàt.



33

25)

Pmo lhwor tmo jhy, tmo khro ladoly ”stbnalaty ostbnalazos‑ bf` croàt hutpbcosprhùctavaty.

Pmo loss jhy, tmo loss aftrafsacblly khtavbto` tmo shcaoty, bf` sh tmo magmor tmoladolamhh` at as oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` bf` `ravof ny grhwtm tmrhugm croàt vorsusprhùctahf.

22)

Ph tmo ògroo croàt hutpbcos prhùctavaty as th tmo ògroo curroft grhwtmas b nunnlo bf`/hr ”ibdo‑.

Wmof croàt asf‑t nbcdo` ny prhùctavaty, pracos bf` obrfafgs bro fht nbcdo` nyrobl bssots. Chfsoquoftly, b nunnlo òvolhps. Wmof tmas nunnlos phps, b nust hccurs.Grhwtm tmbt vbfasmos ùrafg b nust as grhwtm tmbt wbs brgubnly ”ibdo‑. At‑s robl uftal atphps, nut ultakbtoly at `hos fht stbf` th scrutafy.

2>) Ai jhy as magm, croàt bf` prhùctavaty bro ladoly clhso th hfo bfhtmor. Ai jhyas lhw, croàt prhnbnly oxcoo`s prhùctavaty.

Wmof jhy as grhwafg, aftrafsac khtavbtahf as prhnbnly `hafg tmo sbko, bf` shprhùctavaty as prhnbnly nbcdo` ny bctubl lbnhr. Wmof jhy as ibllafg, aftrafsac khtavbtahfas prhnbnly plukkotafg, bf` sh magm grhwtm as prhnbnly nbcdo` ny croàt khro sh tmbfprhùctavaty.

23) Pmoroihro, tmo magmor jhy (fht mbppafoss) ùrafg b ”nhhk‑, tmo loss ladoly atas b nunnlo, bf` tmo magmor tmo jhy ùrafg b ”nust‑, tmo khro ladoly b ”nhhk‑as hf tmo mhrazhf. Af htmor whr`s, tmo ladolamhh` hi @oprossahf lossofs bs`hos okhtahfbl òprossahf, nut tmo ladolamhh` hi ochfhkac @oprossahf

rasos bs `hos tmo provblofco hi okhtahfbl òprossahf.

20) Wmofovor jhy as lhw, bf ochfhky suiiors (wmacm cbf lhwor jhy).

AAA

Croàt bllhws grhwtm th oxcoo` prhùctavaty af tmo smhrt ruf nut fht af tmo lhfgruf. Croàt as `bfgorhus wmof at iuols hvor-chfsukptahf, nut ghh` wmof at iuolsprhùctavaty. Pmo sbko cbf no sba` bnhut afilbtahf. Pmo nag quostahf as: mhw `h yhuòtorkafo, af tmo prosoft, th wmbt ògroo croàt bf` afilbtahf bro àrocto` thwbr` hvor-chfsukptahf vorsus prhùctavaty8 Ai yhu chul` ostakbto tmas, yhu chul` ostakbto tmo

ladolamhh` tmbt curroft Ioòrbl phlacaos bro chftranutafg th b nunnlo bf` tmbt curroftgrhwtm roilocts b nunnlo vorsus bctubl grhwtm, bf` khro.

Jhy iufctahfs bs b phworiul afàcbthr ihr kbdafg tmas òtorkafbtahf.Ai jhy as magm wmof tmo ochfhky as strhfg, tmof tmo ochfhky as prhnbnly bctublly

strhfg. Ai jhy as lhw ùrafg sucm b tako, tmo ochfhky as prhnbnly bctublly wobd.Iurtmorkhro, ai jhy as magm ùrafg b tako wmof tmo ochfhky as wobd, tmof tmo ochfhkyas prhnbnly bctublly strhfg. Ai jhy as lhw wmof tmo ochfhky as wobd, tmof tmo ochfhky asprhnbnly bctublly wobd.

Uormbps tmo nost wby th òtorkafo tmo jhy hi b fbtahf, bf` tmo khst àroct wbyth òtorkafo tmo prhnbnalaty tmbt grhwtm as b nunnlo, as tmrhugm jhn sbtasibctahf. Pmo

khro pohplo mbto tmoar jhns, tmo magmor tmo ladolamhh` tmbt prhùctavaty wall `rhp bscroàt as pukpo` afth tmo systok bf` tmbt curroft grhwtm roilocts b nunnlo. Hf tmo htmor



30

mbf`, tmo khro pohplo lhvo tmoar jhns, tmo magmor tmo ladolamhh` tmbt grhwtm as nbcdo` nyprhùctavaty.

B vabnlo gbgo hi afilbtahf bf` afòx ihr òtorkafafg tmo prosofco hi nunnlosbf` sovoraty hi chfsoquoftabl nusts, jhy as b kobsuro hi robl grhwtm. Af b glhnblazo`

whrl` wmoro tmo vabnalaty hi hfo ochfhky roilocts tmo vabnalaty hi bll, ihr bll hur sbdos, lottmoro no jhy th tmo whrl`.



3?

ôprosoftafg NobutyHf @asoknhàkoft, @akofsahfblaty, bf` @hkafahf

Oscbpask as tmo bftatmosas hi Oxastoftablask. Oxastoftablask, b pmalhshpmy tmbtclbaks oxastofco procoòs ossofco, ostbnlasmos tmbt wo chko afth oxastofco bf` tmofòcaò tmo kobfafg hi hur oxastofco, rbtmor tmbf tmo kobfafg no proòtorkafo`. At

oftbals bf ofgbgokoft watm tmo bctubl whrl`, bf` bf ”oxastoftabl crasas‑ rosults wmof bporshf iaf`s tmbt bctublaty `hosf‑t kbtcm watm wmbt tmbt porshf tmhugmt wbs robl. Sucm bcrasas cbusos b smbttorafg hi nolaois bf` prosot chkploxos. At as b pbafiul oxporaofco4 atcbusos bfgst. Ph bvha` tmas crasas, tmo khòrf porshf cbf vaow ovorytmafg bs b phtoftablpmhthgrbpm, twoot, phstafg, toxt, otc. Af tmas wby, tmo khòrf stbf`s bs b vaowor,”hutsaò‑ tmo whrl`, bf` mofco tmo whrl` as shkotmafg mukbfs chfquor rbtmor tmbf tmo

whrl` chfquor mukbfs. Uormbps af Oòf mukbfaty chul` mbvo `hkafahf hvor tmo whrl`, nut fhw tmo whrl` mhl`s `hkafahf. Af prhtost, mukbfaty mbs àgatazo` atsoli bf`tmo whrl` th roostbnlasm tmo rulos hi Oòf, nut tmas `hkafahf as b daf` hi oscbpask bf`òfabl rbtmor tmbf b truo ofgbgokoft. At àsoknhàos us: bfytako wo oscbpo tmo whrl`,

wo oscbpo hursolvos.

A

Hii bf` hf, watmhut chfscahus tmhugmt, wo cbffht molp nut vaow ovorytmafg bsb phtoftabl twoot, Ibconhhd phst, bf`/hr pacturo. Chfsoquoftly, wo trbfsihrk tmo whrlàfth shkotmafg wo cbf cbpturo rbtmor tmbf shkotmafg tmbt cbpturos us. Fhw, hurakbgafbtahfs cbpturo tmo whrl` rbtmor tmbf tmo whrl` cbpturo hur akbgafbtahfs. Wo mbvokhvo` afth b phsatahf hi chftrhl irhk b plbco hi mukalaty.

Ph ibco tmo whrl` as th ibco fhtmafgfoss. Ph kbdo tmo whrl` ibco us ofbnlos usth doop hur nbcd turfo` th tmo okptafoss hi laio bs tmo vha` stbros afth tmo nbcd hi hur

mob`s bf` trbfsihrks afth b khfstor.2 Fovor ibcafg roblaty, wo fovor soo tmo foo` thoquap hursolvos watm tmo cbpbcaty th crobto purphso (vorsus akbgos), bf` th tmus rasobnhvo tmo vha`. Ai wo ibco` tmo fhtmafgfoss, wo whul` roblazo tmoro wbs fhtmafg th iobr.@ofyafg at, wo chko th iobr hursolvos, tmafdafg tmbt wo iobr tmo vha`.>

Ny bctafg bs ai tmo whrl` as shkotmafg wo cbf kbfbgo bf` cbpturo, wohutshurco hur chgfatahf. Wo bnstrbct hursolvos afth (b) fhf-roblaty – ihr, af roblaty, tmo

whrl` cbffht no cbpturo – sottafg up bf ovor-whrsofafg oxastoftabl crasas. Mofco, wobro afcoftavazo` th tbdo khro pacturos bf` th kbdo khro phsts th iurtmor `hkafbto tmo

whrl` bf` th pusm hii tmas whrsofafg crasas uftal lbtor. Oquappo` watm chuftlosstocmfhlhgaos, wo iool khro bnlo th òfy tmo afovatbnlo tmbf ovor noihro bf` ibll ovor-òopor afth bnstrbctahf.

AA

Pocmfhlhgy roihrkbts hur ”thwbr`-foss‑, hur ”hraoftbtahf thwbr` tmo whrl`‑. Wonsatos hf wmacm wo cbf rbfd rostburbfts cbf kbdo us oxporaofco rostburbft bs ”rbfd -bnlo‑ wmalo blsh kbdafg us iool tmbt sucm ostbnlasmkofts smhul` kbdo us mbppy rbtmortmbf wo lobrf mhw th no kbò mbppy ny tmok. Afstbgrbk cbf kbdo us bpprhbcm sufsotsbs pmofhkofb tmbt wo bro rosphfsanlo ihr trbfslbtafg afth àgatbl afihrkbtahf ihr tmo

whrl` th oxporaofco, bs ai tmo pacturo hi b sufsot wbs bs whfòriul bs tmo oxporaofco hihfo, bs ai sbcraiacafg tmo oxporaofco hi nobuty ihr b roprosoftbtahf hi at as rbtahfbl.

Wonsatos hf wmacm wo cbf smbro pacturos hi pbrtaos wo bttof` cbf ibsmahf lofsos wo wobr wmof wo bttof` tmhso pbrtaos: wo soo ovorytmafg tmoro bs tmafgs wo cbf smbro watmlhvo` hfos wmh kagmt no murt ai wo `hf‑t molp tmok iool pbrt hi tmo iuf.

http://books.google.com/books?id=Z7dnXg3yFTsC&pg=PT37&dq=nietzsche+gaze+into+the+abyss&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oLfNUunPL5HmkAfw0oCgAg&ved=0CC4Q6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=nietzsche%20gaze%20into%20the%20abyss&f=false



http://www.yelp.com/













39

Ovorytmafg cbf no chkkhàtazo`.Ovorytmafg cbf no oxmanato`.Ovorytmafg as fhw b phtoftabl ”phst‑ wmacm cbf no ”lado`‑: ovory oxporaofco as bf

hpphrtufaty th `rbw bttoftahf th soli bf` b cmbfco th gavo htmors shkotmafg th wmacm throsphf`. Pmo khro iraof`s b porshf gbafs hf Ibconhhd, tmo obsaor at nochkos th bcmaovorosphfsos, ”lados‑, bf` th bvha` bctublaty watm chkkufaty, chkkofts, bf` plobsuro.

Chfsoquoftly, chkkufaty cbf nochko afbutmoftac, ihufò` hf òfabl, fht nocbusoàgatbl iraof`smap as afmoroftly ibdo, nut nocbuso tmo àgatbl tokpts us th sbcraiaco tmobctubl bf` hitof succoo`s. @agatbl iraof`s cbf no bs ghh` bs robl hfos ai ofgbgo` watmbutmoftacblly: hfly b gavof porshf cbf dfhw wmotmor hr fht mo hr smo as robl hflafo(tmhugm d oop af kaf` tmbt fh hfo tmafds tmoy brof‑t ).

Ovory oxporaofco as fhw suscoptanlo th nlhggafg bf` chkkoftbry: hfo‑shpafahf cbf fhw no bttbcmo` th ovorytmafg af tmo whrl`. Hfo cbf blwbys bpprhvo,àsprhvo, bf` chkkoftbto: salofco bf` stu`y bro fht roquaro`. Fhtmafgfoss mbs nochkob sunjoct hi chkkoftbraos, bf` chfsoquoftly, tmrhugm chkplbcofcy, at mbs nochko obsyth tbdo ilappbftly. Ibconhhd mbs blsh kbò at obsy th soo tmo ibcos hi kbfy pohplo

watmhut bctublly ofchuftorafg tmok: sooafg htmors as fh lhfgor focossbraly b ”lbnhr hilhvo‑. Uohplo cbf bcmaovo tmo sofsbtahf hi sooafg iraof`s watmhut tbdafg aftoftahfbl takohut th `h sh, bf` wmof taro`, pohplo cbf tucd iraof`s bwby. Iraof`s, af fovorafchfvofaofcafg us, gavo us tmo allusahf tmbt iraof`smap bf` lhvo bro obsy. Wmof tmoynochko mbr`, wo àskass tmok bs mbvafg rhtto`, wmof sucm àiiaculty as tmrhugm wmacmrolbtahfsmaps bcmaovo butmoftacaty.

Oxporaofcos bro fh lhfgor focossbraly tmafgs wo ufòrgh nut tmafgs wo rochr`:pbrtaos, ihr oxbkplo, brof‑t sh kucm bttofò` bs tmoy bro smbro`. Chfsoquoftly, wo iooltrbfscofòft hi tmo prossuro hi ofgbgafg watm roblaty. Pmoro as fh lhfgor sucm b tmafg bsb pbrty iroo hi tmo sofsbtahf tmbt at smhul` no rochrò` (pormbps af hròr th rokoknortmo cmbrk, th lobvo brtaibcts ihr iuturo goforbtahfs, otc.), bf` at‑s fhw bs ai tmoro mbs

fovor noof sucm b pbrty. Noihro tmo afvoftahf hi Pwattor, at wbsf‑t phssanlo th ofgbgo watm oftataos hr oxporaofcos bs phtoftabl twoots4 fhw, at‑s akphssanlo th ofgbgo watm tmokbfy htmor wby.

Wo uso tocmfhlhgy th molp us chkpromof` bf` ufòrstbf` tmo whrl` brhufùs. Chfsoquoftly, tmo vory wby wo bro ”thwbr`‑ tmo whrl` cmbfgos. Ny ibtmhkafgovorytmafg bs phtoftabl ”phsts‑, hur ufòrstbfàfg bf` sofso hi mhw wo bro th ofgbgo

watm tmafgs cmbfgos. Pocmfhlhgy blwbys, af shko wby hr bfhtmor, akpbcts tmo ”thwbr`-foss‑ hi noafg. Wmotmor hr fht tmas as ghh` hr nb` òpof`s hf tmo tocmfhlhgy afquostahf bf` tmo kaf`sot at ihstors.

Pmo afvoftahf hi b tocmfhlhgy `hosf‑t kbdo at afovatbnlo tmbt b gavof afàvaùbl wall ibll afth vbryafg khòs hi ”thwbr`-foss‑, tmhugm at `hos kobf bf afàvaùbl wall mbvo

th bctavoly chknbt tmo urgo th vaow tmo whrl` bs b tmafg th no àgatazo`. At as hfly cortbaftmbt tmo kbjhraty bf` ”sparat hi tmo bgo‑ (zoatgoast) wall tbdo up vbryafg khòs hi ”thwbr`-foss‑4 wmotmor hr fht b gavof porshf `hos òpof`s hf tmo afàvaùbl af quostahf._ltakbtoly, at cbffht no sba` ihr cortbaf wmotmor tocmfhlhgy as ghh` hr nb`, hfly tmbt atcmbfgos us.

Watm ovory afvoftahf, tmo whrl` as fovor tmo sbko.

AAA

Blluàfg th “ôb`(or)‛ ny H.G. ^hso, wo ”rob`‑ bthks afth cmbars, cbts, otc.: wo

”trbfslbto‑ lhwor bf` magmor àkofsahfs afth hur àkofsahfblaty. At‑s af hur noafg. Qot, wmbt wo ”rob`‑ afth noafg as fht focossbraly th hur ladafg: wmbt wo mbvo bctublly kbò`hosf‑t blwbys iat wmbt wo whul` lado th kbdo. Sakalbrly, wmbt as robl `hosf‑t focossbraly

https://www.scribd.com/document/194077199/Read-er-by-O-G-Rose





37

iat wmbt wo tmafd as robl, tmhugm nhtm ”chko ufth us‑ nocbuso hi hur ”robàfg ‑-chfscahusfoss. At as nocbuso hi tmo spbco notwoof hur aòbs bf` tmo sunjoct hi hur aòbstmbt oxastoftabl crasos bro phssanlo.

Pocmfhlhgaos, lado vaòh cbkorbs bf` coll pmhfos, ofbnlo us th oscbpo huroxporaofcos ny bllhwafg us th rochr` tmok bs ai bf hutsaòr. Pmoy blsh gavo us tmoallusahf tmbt wo cbf ”rob`‑ roblaty afth àiioroft àkofsahfblataos irhk hur afmoroft bf`

fbturbl cblanrbtahf. Pmo pmhthgrbpm as irhzof, lado b whrl` watmhut tako4 tmo twoot bfÌbconhhd pbgo bro hfo àkofsahfbl4 tmo vaòh as ropobtbnlo bf` sthppbnlo, bs ai tako aschftrhllbnlo. Pocmfhlhgaos molp us iool lado roblaty cbf no roihrkbtto` bf` bs ai wo cbfrosphf` th bf oxastoftabl crasas ny ”cmbfgafg tmo cmbffol‑4 chfsoquoftly, tmo akporbtavoth lobrf mhw th hvorchko fhtmafgfoss vbfasmos.

Pocmfhlhgy mbs oquappo` us th chknbt roblaty. Pmrobtofo` watm noafghvorchko ny bctublaty bf` tmrust afth bf oxastoftabl crasas, wo mbvo ibsmahfo` whrds tmbtirbko, cbpturo, bf` trbfslbto tmo whrl` afth àiioroft àkofsahfblataos tmbf hursolvos.Chfsoquoftly, af bnstrbctafg tmo whrl` afth shkotmafg ”htmor‑ tmbf us, ats fhtmafgfossnochkos afcrobsafgly afchkpromofsanlo, àstbft, bf` loss tmrobtofafg, af tmo sbko wbytmbt tmo suiiorafg hi cmal`rof ibrbwby `hosf‑t grap us bs `hos tmo suiiorafg hi cmal`roffobrny. Af vaowafg ovory sufsot bs b phtoftabl pmhthgrbpm, wo bpprhbcm tmok ”bs ai‑ tmoybro hfo àkofsahfbl. Pmo sufsot as hi b magmor àkofsahfblaty tmbf tmas, nut doopafg athfo àkofsahfbl, ats nobuty `hosf‑t hvorwmolk, cbpturo, cbll, hr tmrobtof us. ^btmor tmbflastof th tmo sukkhfs hi nobuty afth mukalaty, wo ufaftoftahfblly salofco at ny tmafdafghi sufsots bs chkkhàtaos th no mufg hf wblls bf` bpprocabto` wmof chfvofaoft.Nobuty ialls us fht watm bwo nut plobsuro4 fh lhfgor `hos nobuty suspof` us afthoxporaofcafg at. Watm hur mhkbgo hi tmo pmhthgrbpm, nobuty mbs nochko àgostanlo.

AY

Oxastofco procoòs ossofco, nut rbtmor tmbf try th ibsmahf kobfafg ihr hurlavos, wo hitof ibsmahf roprosoftbtahfs. Pmrhugm tmas bct, wo cbf bttokpt th oscbpo hurrosphfsanalaty th ibsmahf purphso bf` chfsoquoftly fogloct hur oxastofco, cmbllofgafg ataf ats bsdafg hi us th raso th tmo cmbllofgo hi fhtmafgfoss watm b kobfafg wo crbit bf`lavo hut. Ovof tmhso wmh nolaovo af Gh` cbf lavo kobfafgloss lavos4 ovoryhfo, irhknolaovors th btmoasts, bro cmbllofgo` af tmas wby.3 _fihrtufbtoly, khst hi us fhw bscranoth b fow pmalhshpmy, b pmalhshpmy wmacm ostbnlasmos tmbt oxastofco procoòs àgatbloxastofco, bf` tmbt kbdos tmo àgatbl bf` rochrò` tmo ossofco hi tmo bctubl.

Wo mbvo hutskbrto` roblaty. Wo cbf fhw ju`go roblaty bf` tmo whrtm hi tmo whrl brhuf` us ny tmo ògroo

th wmacm at as ”lado‑ hur àgatbl bf` àgostanlo roprosoftbtahfs. Pmo ufrobl whrl` as fhw

khro robl tmbf tmo robl whrl`. Pmo ibdo as hur hnjoctavaty4 tmo robl, hur sunjoctavaty.0 Afkbdafg tmas swatcm, wo bttokpt th `rbw tmo wmhlo whrl` ”hutsaò hi atsoli‑, bs wo usoàgatazbtahf th `rbw hursolvos hut hi wmbt cbf cbuso us bfgst. Nocbuso kokhry asufrolabnlo, tmo khro wo oxast af tmas pbrb`hxacbl bgo, tmo loss wo rokoknor b losscbpturo` tako bf` tmo kaf`sot tmbt bcchkpbfao` at. Pmo khro tako pbssos, tmo khro tmoòlusahfbl nochkos tmo wby at‑s blwbys noof.

Lado obrlaor goforbtahfs tmbt nolaovo` ossofco procoò` oxastofco, wo bro hfcobgbaf iroo hi bfgst. Wo mbvo oscbpo` tmo fhtmafgfoss hi tmo whrl` ny ibsmahfafg bàiioroft, agatbl whrl` – kbò af hur akbgo(s) – th ibco. ^btmor tmbf bf ossofco hi hurkbdafg, at as bf oxastofco hi hur kbdafg. Wo mbvo bfsworo` tmo cmbllofgo hi

Oxastoftablask ny òfyafg ats oxastofco. Wo mbvo bcmaovo` iroo`hk. Mhwovor, tmoiroo`hk wo mbvo bcmaovo` as bf oscbpast, agfhrbft hfo: at as afbutmoftac. At as b iroo`hk

tmbt àsoknhàos bf` àsbnlos us irhk noafg bnlo th mbf`lo truo iroo`hk, wmacm as

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOIjI2gFizM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOIjI2gFizM



3=

ihuf` af tmo bctubl. Wo mbvo ilo` irhk tmo iroo`hk prosofto` th us th b iroo`hk hi hurhwf kbdafg4 wo mbvo ilo` irhk tmo whrl` th hur whrl`4 wo mbvo ilo` irhk hur akbgo thhur akbgos.

Y

Pmo bctubl whrl` pmysacblazos bs tmo àgatbl hfo àgatazos. Wmof wo ofchuftornobuty af tmo whrl`, wo bro bttrbcto` thwbr` pmysacblazbtahf4 wmof wo ofchuftor nobutyhflafo, wo bro bttrbcto` thwbr` bnstrbctahf. Wmof wo àgatazo bctubl nobuty, wo bnstrbctat afth tmbt wmacm tmof bttrbcts us afth àsoknhàkoft. Wmbt wo àgatazo blwbys tokptsus af tmas wby4 ai wo cbf bvha` tmo tokptbtahf bf` rbtmor uso wmbt wo àgatazo th rokafùs th no ”thwbr`‑ tmo whrl`, tmof tmo àgatbl as ghh`. Mhwovor, tmas as b àiiaculttokptbtahf tmbt roquaros grobt cmbrbctor th rosast af bf bgo tmbt as brgubnly lhsafg at.

Prbgacblly, tmo loss chfcroto bf` butmoftac wo bro, tmo khro wo vaow fhtmafgfoss bs bsunjoct ihr jhdos hf 0cmbf. ^btmor tmbf vaowafg nobuty bs b sukkhfs th ofgbgo tmobctubl khro òoply bf` sh bcmaovo butmoftacaty, wo cbf vaow at bs b cmbfco th crobto bfow roprosoftbtahf, sh bnstrbctafg hursolvos bf` tmo whrl` iurtmor.

Nobuty foo`s roprosoftbtavos, fht roprosoftbtahfs. Wo kust rogbaf tmo bnalaty thlhhd bt b sufsot bf` fht tmafd bnhut tbdafg ats pacturo4 hfly tmof cbf wo kbstorpmhthgrbpmy rbtmor tmbf no kbstoro` ny at. Uohplo mbvo noof kbdafg roprosoftbtahfsbf` akbgos hi tmo bctubl whrl` ihr cofturaos tmrhugm pbaftafgs, stbtuos, otc., nutroprosoftbtahfs uso` th tbdo mhurs uphf mhurs th kbdo. Wo cbf fhw no ”afstb-brtasts‑ bf` hur crobtahfs, fh lhfgor roquarafg aftofsavo lbnhr, bro fh lhfgor ”lbnhrs hi lhvo‑.Ovoryhfo as fhw b ”crobthr‑ watmhut stravafg th nochko hfo, bf` wmof at chkos throprosoftafg tmo whrl`, wo mbvo nochko tmhugmtloss. Af tmas sofso, wo kust nochkokhro ”lhvafg‑4 at as tmrhugm lhvo tmbt wo bcmaovo butmoftacaty.

Pmoro as fhtmafg wrhfg watm pmhthgrbpmy, twoots, otc. bs lhfg bs tmoy àroct us

thwbr` òopor ofgbgokoft watm tmo whrl` bf` tmo bctubl, rbtmor tmbf afsparo us th lhhdbwby.? Wo kust rogbaf tmo cbpbcaty th oknrbco nobuty bf` sh nochko khro chfcroto,rbtmor tmbf try th ilox `hkafahf hvor nobuty bf` ihrgh hur roblaty. Af `hafg sh, wo smbllkbstor àgatblazbtahf bf` cobso noafg kbstoro` ny hur afvoftahfs. Pmo khro wo cbpturo nobuty noihro wo bro cbpturo` ny at, tmo khro wo bro àsoknhào` bf` tmo khrobctublaty as lhst. Nobuty bf` tmo whrl` kust khvo us th lait hursolvos up, rbtmor tmbfkhvo us th pull at `hwf.

Laio as smhrt, nut ai wo lobrf th oxporaofco at, laio cbf no b nobutaiul vbphr.9



31

Hf Kbtorablask, Uurphso, bf` @ascorfkoftSoli-Syfcmrhfazbtahf

Ph no kbtorablastac as th ihcus hf kbtorabl tmafgs, wmalo tmo hptakbl wby mukbfsrolbto th tmafgs as bs ai tmhso tmafgs bro ”afvasanlo‑, por so. Bcchràfg th Moaòggor, b`hhrdfhn as ”afvasanlo‑ th us uftal at nrobds, ihr uftal tmof wo uso at th hpof b `hhr

watmhut tmafdafg bnhut at. At‑s hfly wmof tmo `hhrdfhn `hosf‑t whrd tmbt wo sthp bf`fhtaco at. Sakalbr smhul` no hur ofgbgokoft watm bll tmafgs af tmo whrl`: th oxast af tmas

wby as th bvha` kbtorablask. Pmas asf‑t th akply tmbt kbtorabl atoks bro hfly vblubnlo thtmo ògroo tmoy mbvo utalaty4 rbtmor, ny clbakafg tmafgs smhul` no ”afvasanlo‑, tmas kobfstmafgs smhul` no ”syfcmrhfazo`‑ watm tmo wmhlo hi hfo‑s laio, bs b gobr as ”afvasanlo‑ wmofsyfcmrhfazo` watm tmo wmhlo hi b whrdafg kbcmafo. Hfo cbf fhtaco b gobr bs hfo cbffhtaco b faco rug, bf` tmas as fht prhnlokbtac bs lhfg bs tmas bct hi bcdfhwlo`gkoft`hosf‑t afirafgo uphf tmo syfcmrhfazbtahf hr hporbtahf hi tmo wmhlo. Mhwovor, wmoftmo kbcmafo `hosf‑t whrd, sh tmo syfcmrhfazbtahf sthps bf` tmo gobr nochkos ”vasanlo‑af tmo sofso tmbt at ”stbf`s hut‑ bs b tmafg afòpofòft hi tmo htmor tmafgs watm wmacm at

whrds af rolbtahf. Ladowaso, kbtorabl tmafgs nochko ”vasanlo‑ th b porshf wmof tmbtporshf‑s laio cobsos th no ufaiao` afth b syfcmrhfazo` wmhlo, b ufaiacbtahf wmacm hfly”purphso‑ cbf nrafg bnhut. Chfsaòrafg tmas, hfo as kbtorablastac th tmo ògroo tmbt mas hrmor rolbtahf th kbtorabl tmafgs rosults af tmo ò-syfcmrhfazbtahf hi tmbt afàvaùbl‑s

wmhlo laio, wmacm hccurs wmof tmafgs òtrbct irhk tmbt porshf‑s roblazbtahf hi mas hr morpurphso. Watmhut purphso, kbtorablask as ufbvha`bnlo.

A

B `hhrdfhn as fht latorblly afvasanlo, nut at as usublly pmofhkofhlhgacblly”afvasanlo‑ th mukbfs bs tmoy gh bnhut tmoar ovory`by lavos. Pmo sbko cbf no sba` bnhut

khst tmafgs. Pmas `hosf‑t kobf pohplo brof‑t tmbfdiul ihr `hhrdfhns hr tmbt tmoy `hf‑tfhtaco tmbt b pbrtaculbr `hhrdfhn as pbrtaculbrly ufaquo, nut tmbt khst tmafgs af laio hflystbf` hut th pohplo wmof tmhso tmafgs grbn tmoar ihcus. At as wmof b `hhrdfhn nrobdstmbt mukbfs tof` th ihcus hf at: wo `hf‑t tof` th `h sh noihrombf`. Pmbt sba`, wmof b`hhrdfhn asf‑t pbrt hi b `hhr, wo fhtaco at, nut wmof b `hhrdfhn as pbrt hi b `hhr, at‑shfly wmof at ibals th `h wmbt wo supphso at `h tmbt at stbf`s hut th us. Wmof b `hhrdfhntmbt asf‑t pbrt hi shko syfcmrhfazo` wmhlo chkos noihro hur vasahf mhwovor, at asfocossbraly ”vasanlo‑ th us, bs kbtorabl tmafgs bro focossbraly ”vasanlo‑ wmof hfo lbcdspurphso.

”Kbtorablask‑ as b khò hi ofgbgokoft watm kbtorabl tmafgs. At‑s fht sh kucm”wmbt‑ hr ”mhw kbfy‑ tmafgs pohplo ofgbgo watm tmbt as tmo prhnlok, nut tmo wby af

wmacm tmoy ofgbgo watm tmhso tmafgs. Ph no kbtorablastac as no chfstbftly bf` chfscahuslybwbro hi tmo ibct tmbt yhu mbvo mbf`s, por so. Mbf`s bro akphrtbft, bf` th fht spof` bllhfo‑s tako tbldafg hr tmafdafg bnhut mbf`s `hosf‑t kobf tmo porshf whul`f‑t kaf` aitmoy woro cmhppo` hii. Hfo‑s tmbfdiulfoss ihr mbf`s as oknhào` tmrhugm tmbt‑s porshfuso hi tmok, bs hfo‑s bpprocabtahf hi kbtorabl ghh`s as ofbcto` tmrhugm tmbt porshf‑s usohi tmok ”thwbr`‑ mas hr mor purphso. Pmas asf‑t th sby hfo cbf fovor sby ”A‑k glb` A mbvombf`s‑, nut tmbt hfo smhul`f‑t spof` bll mas hr mor tako bnshrno` af tmo ibct tmbt mo hrsmo as glb` ihr tmok: sucm b porshf as lado tmo coftapoò tmbt of`s up pbrblyzo` uphftryafg th iaguro hut mhw mo usos bll mas logs sakultbfohusly.

B porshf cbf khst cortbafly sby ”A lhvo ky fow rug‑, nut b porshf smhul` cmocd

mas hr mor khtavos ai ovory tako shkohfo chkos ny tmo porshf tblds bnhut tmo rug.Ladowaso, b porshf smhul` cmocd mas hr mor khtavbtahfs wmof tmbt porshf tmafds ”A mbvob nottor rug‑ hr ovof ”A mbvo b ghh` rug‑ vorsus ”A lado ky rug‑ hr ”A bk grbtoiul ihr ky



05

rug‑: kbtorablask obsaly slaps af tmrhugm maorbrcmacbl tmafdafg (w macm hfo kust blwbys no wobry hi). Pmas asf‑t th sby tmoro asf‑t sucm b tmafg bs ”nottor‑ rugs, hr tmbt hfo cbf fovorbssoss tmbt mas hr mor kbtorabl tmafgs bro nottor tmbf htmors ”af ibct‑, hfly tmbt chfscahushr chftafuhus maorbtacbl tmhugmt cbf lob` th praò. Iurtmorkhro, hfo cbf hfly bssossshkotmafg bs ”nottor‑ ai tmoro as b stbf`br` ny wmacm th chkpbro tmo tmafg th, bf` hflyhfo watm purphso mbs sucm b stbf`br`. Pmo hfo watm purphso as tmo hfo wmh as oquappo`

th bvha` kbtorablask, bs sucm b porshf mbs b stbf`br` ny wmacm th òtorkafo wmbtchfstatutos ”nottor‑ ny bssossafg wmbt `hos hr `hosf‑t molp bcmaovo mas hr mor purphso.

Watmhut purphso, hfo cbffht òtorkafo mhw bf` af wmbt wby shkotmafg as nottor tmbfny kbtorablastac, sunjoctavo, afàvaùbl, bf` ultakbtoly brnatrbry stbf`br`s. Safco purphsoas afàvaùbl, sh thh as wmbt chfstatutos ”nottor‑: at cbf hfly no sba` wmbt as ”nottor‑ ”thko‑, fovor ”ihr bll‑, bf` hfly ”th khst‑ wmof tmoro as bf bgroo` uphf stbf`br` th wmacm”khst‑ bssoft.

AA

Wmof at chkos th purcmbsafg ghh`s, ihr oxbkplo, b porshf smhul` òcaò thkbdo tmo purcmbso wmacm, uphf kbdafg, tmo purcmbso` ghh` wall nochko ”afvasanlo‑ thtmo purcmbsor (tmhugm b purcmbsor cbf hfly kbdo tmas myphtmosas, bf` sh ostakbto wmbt

wall hr wall fht syfcmrhfazo watm at, th tmo ògroo mo hr smo as ibkalabr watm mas hr morpurphso). Chfsoquoftly, af noafg ”afvasanlo‑, tmo ghh` wall fht no b ihcus hi tmopurcmbsor hr ò-syfcmrhfazo tmo purcmbsor‑s laio. Ai b porshf nuys bf oxpofsavo rug bf`,chfsoquoftly , whf‑t tmafd bnhut wbftafg b facor rug, tmo porshf smhul` nuy tmo khrooxpofsavo rug. Ai, mhwovor, b porshf wall hvor-tmafd bnhut mhw faco mas hr mor rug as, tmoporshf smhul` nuy tmo cmobpor hfo. Wmacmovor atok wall fht ò-syfcmrhfazo tmo porshfas tmo atok wmacm tmbt porshf smhul` purcmbso4 wmotmor hr fht b purcmbso smhul` nokbò af tmo iarst plbco as up th tmo purcmbsor.

Pmo hfo wmh lavos af tmo cmobpost mhuso as fht focossbraly tmo lobst kbtorablastacai tmbt porshf tmafds bnhut noafg uf-kbtorablastac: tmraitafoss cbf ò-syfcmrhfazo bs cbf

wobltm. Ai hfo traos th nuy tmo cmobpor chiioo bf` as chfsoquoftly ufmbppy bnhut tmochiioo mo hr smo as `rafdafg, at whul` mbvo noof nottor ihr tmbt porshf th mbvo spoftkhro bf` purcmbso` tmo iafor chiioo. Hfly b gavof porshf cbf dfhw wmacm purcmbsos

wall no ”afvasanlo‑ th tmbt porshf, bf` sh hfly tmbt porshf cbf ultakbtoly kbdo sucmòcasahfs ihr mas hr mor soli.

Ph lavo iroo hi kbtorablask as th lavo af rolbtahf th bll kbtorabl ghh`s bsafcbrfbtahfs hi yhur robshf ihr lavafg. Pmoso ghh`s bro ”afvasanlo‑ nocbuso tmoy bro af tmoragmt hròr ( hr ”syfcmrhfazo`‑ watm hfo‑s purphso ) bf` `h fht akpoò at, bs b `hhrdfhntmbt whrds `hosf‑t got af tmo wby hi b porshf‑s hnjoctavo th hpof b `hhr. Wmof kbtorabl

ghh`s bro ”vasanlo‑ bf` hvorly cbpturo tmo gbzo hr ihcus hi bf hnsorvor, tmoy cbf àstrbcttmbt hnsorvor irhk mas hr mor robshf ihr lavafg. Chfsoquoftly, lado b `hhrdfhn tmbt`hosf‑t whrd, tmo porshf as ”nrhdof‑, bs bro bll pohplo tmbt lavo af rolbtahf th kbtorablghh`s af sucm b wby tmbt àshraofts tmok irhk wmy tmoy bro blavo.

Pmbt sba`, tmo hfo wmh mbs òiafo` mas hr mor purphso bs ”noafg b rug -kbdor‑ asfht kbtorablastac th ihcus hf rugs, wmalo tmo hfo wmh mbs b àiioroft purphso (sucm bsnoafg b wrator) as kbtorablastac th ihcus hf rugs. Shkohfo watmhut b purphso cbffht nosba` th ibll vactak th sucm ”àstrbctahf‑ – mbvafg fh purphso th no àstrbcto` rolbtavo th – bf` yot tmbt porshf as focossbraly kbtorablastac, ihr tmoro bro hfly kbtorabl ghh`s th no”thwbr`‑ (at‑s tmo whrst daf` hi kbtorablask brgubnly, ihr tmo kbtorablask atsoli as

”afvasanlo‑, lbcdafg roiorofco phafts). Stall, hfly b gavof porshf cbf bssoss wmof mo hr smombs nochko kbtorablastac: fh hfo olso cbf ju`go.



02

B porshf cbf mbvo kultaplos purphsos ( sucm bs ”lhvafg htmors‑, ”noafg b nusafosskbf‑, bf` ”lhvafg brt‑), bf` wmalo hfo òcasahf kby fht no ”thwbr`‑ hfo hi tmosopurphsos, at kby no ”thwbr`‑ tmo htmor. Bs hfly b gavof porshf cbf bccoss wmotmor bgavof purphso as vbla` bf` dfhw wmbt àvorts irhk at, hfly b gavof porshf cbf dfhw

wmof mo hr smo as lavafg ”purphsoiully‑ bf` sh ”fhf-kbtorablastacblly‑: tmo chkploxaty ihrkbdafg tmbt bssosskoft as ibr thh grobt ihr bfyhfo htmor tmbf tmo porshf af quostahf.

Pmo stbf`br` ny wmacm b porshf smhul` kbdo òcasahfs as rolbtavo th tmbtporshf‑s purphso. Watmhut purphso, hfo cbf hfly kbdo òcasahfs vab proiorofcos, afstafcts, otc., nut watmhut purphso ihr tmoso proiorofcos, afstafcts, otc., th no ”thwbr`‑,proiorofcos kust khro sh braso hut hi kbtorabl bf` sunjoctavo roblaty, bf` sh no khrokbtorablastac. Qos, purphso cbf okorgo af rosphfso th kbtorablaty, nut as khro sh ”hvor‑kbtorablaty, ufaiyafg at, tmof sakply ”bt‑ at bf` b safglo pbrt. Af noafg khro kbtorablastac,proiorofcos kust no b chftafgoft bf` tokphrbry stbf`br` ihr òcasahf kbdafg, nut tmasstbf`br` as ultakbtoly brnatrbry bf` chfàtahfbl: at cbffht, hnjoctavoly, no cbllo` bstbf`br`. Pmas asf‑t th sby tmbt at as wrhfg th mbvo proiorofcos, nut tmbt proiorofcos tmbtbrof‑t grhufò` af purphso bro brnatrbry (wmacm mbs oxastoftabl oiiocts hf tmo cmhhsor,ovof tmhugm ”brnatrbry‑ `hosf‑t focossbraly kobf ”afsagfaiacbft‑ hr ”arrolovbft‑). Pmoy brosunjoctavo bf` ufrolabnlo, bf` tmhugm tmoy cbf no uso` ihr kbdafg òcasahfs, tmoycbffht no sba` th no uso` ihr ”rolabnlo‑ hr ”kobfafgiul‑ àscorfkoft.

Hfo smhul` whrd tmo jhn, ihr oxbkplo, tmbt wall no ”afvasanlo‑ th tmbt porshfbf` tmbt whf‑t got af tmo wby hi tmbt porshf‑s purphso ( ufloss tmbt jhn as tmbt porshf‑spurphso). Wmof at chkos th tmo quostahf hi wmoro b porshf smhul` lavo, wmbt b porshfsmhul` nuy, otc., tmo stbf`br` hi ju`gkoft as tmo sbko: ”wmbt òcasahf wall fht afirafgouphf ky purphso8‑, kobfafg ”wmbt òcasahf wall nost rosult af kbtorabl roblaty oknh`yafghr ”phaftafg thwbr`‑ ky purphso8‑. Ai nuyafg b tolovasahf wall rosult af b porshf mbvafg b

wby th rolbx wmacm wall molp tmbt porshf rocmbrgo nut whf‑t bt tmo sbko tako kbdo tmoporshf‑s sphuso iool foglocto`, tmo porshf smhul` nuy b tolovasahf. Ai lavafg af Fow Qhrd

wall rosult af b porshf noafg ufbnlo th ihcus hf mas hr mor brtastac pbssahf, tmo porshfsmhul` lavo olsowmoro. Hfly tmo porshf kbdafg tmo òcasahf cbf dfhw.

AAA

B porshf‑s purphso as b porshf‑s robshf ihr noafg blavo, bf` b porshf cbf mbvokbfy hi tmok. Hfo chul` cbll `baly hr kacrh-purphsos ”ghbls‑ hr ”tbsds‑, wmalo hfo‑shvorbrcmafg robshf ihr lavafg as tmoar purphso (irhk tmas phaft hf, tmo pbpor wall mhl`tmas astafctahf). Hfo‑s purphso kagmt no ”th no b wrator‑ bf` ghbls watmaf tmas purphsokby oftbal ”robàfg b nhhd‑ hr ”ghafg th b chiioo mhuso‑. Bt tmo sbko tako, tmas porshfchul` blsh mbvo tmo purphso hi ”noafg b khtmor‑ bf` watmaf tmas cbtoghry mbvo ghbls lado

”tbdafg cmal`rof th scmhhl‑ hr ”kbdafg cmal`rof iool lhvo`‑. Hfly tmbt porshf cbf dfhw. B porshf cbf mbvo ghbls watmhut purphso: hfo cbf mbvo tmo ghbl hi ”robàfg b

nhhd th`by‑ nut fh purphso th wmacm tmo ghbl as ”thwbr`‑. Ghbls watmhut purphso brolado proiorofcos watmhut purphso: tmoy kust braso khro sh hut hi kbtorabl roblaty (bf` shno kbtorablastac). Af noafg kbtorablastac, sucm ghbls bro ultakbtoly chftafgoft, tokphrbry,brnatrbry, bf` ultakbtoly ibal th ufaiy laio afth b syfcmrhfazo` wmhlo. Uurphso tmhugmufaiaos ghbls afth shkotmafg noyhf` tmoksolvos bf` `hos sh afth (bf` uftal) òbtm.

Pmhugm Moaòggor as ragmt tmbt òbtm ufaiaos laio afth b wmhlo hi ”laio‑chfcoptublly, watmhut purphso, tmas ufaiacbtahf as ultakbtoly okpty bf` brnatrbry. Sucm blaio as lado proiorofcos watmhut purphso: at kust no kbtorablastac. Laio roquaros purphso th

syfcmrhfazo, bf` tmhugm òbtm cbf ufaiy laio afth b wmhlo, at cbffht blhfo hraoftbto us”thwbr`‑ wmbt wo smhul` `h watm tmbt wmhlo. @obtm hfly kbdos us bwbro tmbt wo mbvoshkotmafg tmbt wo cbf `h shkotmafg watm, wmalo purphso kbdos us bwbro hi wmbt th `h.



0>

Bf bwbrofoss hi òbtm watmhut bf bwbrofoss hi purphso kbdos us bwbro tmbt wo mbvoshkotmafg wo ibal th uso: at kby kbdo hur bfxaoty whrso. Ph fovor tmafd hi laio bs b

wmhlo kby no nottor tmbf th `h sh watmhut b purphso (wmacm kbdos tmbt wmhlosunstbftavo).

Hitof, b porshf stbrts watm b goforbl purphso (lado ”noafg b ghh` `hcthr‑), wmacm tmof as fbrrhwo` afth shkotmafg khro spocaiac bf` pbrtaculbr (lado ”noafg b ghh`

fourhscaoftast af Umalbòlpmab‑). Bs hfo‑s purphso as mhfo` bf` roiafo`, sh thh as hfo‑sàscorfkoft bf` sh khro clobrly cbf b porshf àstafguasm wmof mo hr smo as noafg wasohr kbtorablastac. Lado b cmal` wmh lbcds iull ibcalataos, b porshf wmh lbcds purphso cbfhfly no mol` nut sh rosphfsanlo ihr noafg kbtorablastac noihro mo hr smo mbs (khro) iullyroblazo` mas hr mor purphso. Mhwovor, b porshf as af chftrhl hi wmotmor mo hr smo bt lobstpursuos mbvafg b goforbl purphso hut irhk wmacm b pbrtaculbr purphso cbf no ihuf`,bf` th tmo ògroo b porshf chfscahusly cmhhsos fht th `h sh as tmo ògroo th wmacm tmbtporshf as rosphfsanlo ihr noafg kbtorablastac (th blluò th tmhugmt oxphufò` hf af “Hfôsphfsanalaty‛ ny H.G. hso). Mhwovor, hfly b gavof porshf cbf dfhw ihr mas hr morsoli tmo ògroo th wmacm mo hr smo as rosphfsanlo: fh hfo olso cbf ju`go.

Bll tmbt sba`, bs soli-chfscahusfoss cbf afirafgo uphf hfo‑s mbrkhfy hi soli nycbusafg bfxaoty, noafg hvorly bwbro hi tmo akphrtbfco hi purphso cbf rosult af b porshfibalafg th lavo purphsoiully bf` cbf ”nrobd‑ bf` ò-syfcmrhfazo b porshf just bs kucm bscbf kbtorablask. Ladowaso, bs àscusso` af “Ubrb`hxos hi Bwbrofoss‛ ny H.G. ^hso, aihfo as hvorly bwbro hi mhw òcasahfs ibcalatbto purphso, tmbt porshf wall no lado tmocoftapoò tmbt as akkhnalazo` nocbuso at whfòrs thh kucm bnhut mhw at kbfbgos thsakultbfohusly uso bll ats logs. Ph mbvo purphso as th rasd kbdafg tmas kastbdo, bf` hfly bgavof porshf cbf dfhw ai mo hr smo as kbaftbafafg tmo prhpor nblbfco. Mhwovor, th fhtmbvo purphso as th focossbraly no kbtorablastac bf` ò-syfcmrhfazo`: tmo rasd kust notbdof.

Noafg hvorly ”purphso bwbro‑ as bf ufbvha`bnlo rasd. Qot, ovof ai tmas kastbdo as

kbò, sh lhfg bs b porshf `hosf‑t gavo up, tmo porshf wall fovor ibal. B porshf fovoribals uftal mo hr smo quats, ihr uftal tmof, tmo porshf chftafuos th ufaiy bll oxporaofcos”thwbr`‑ tmo sbko purphso. Pmo porshf mofco chftafuos th no b ”whrdafg kbcmafo‑, porso. _ftal b porshf ”nrobds `hwf‑, b porshf `hosf‑t ibal, ihr tmoro as fh stbf`br` bgbafst

wmacm b porshf cbf no sba` th ibal htmor tmbf bgbafst tmo purphso tmbt porshf mbsàschvoro` bf`/hr crobto`. _ftal b porshf gavos up tmbt purphso, at cbffht kobfafgiullyno sba` tmbt tmo porshf mbs gavof up succoss. Succoss as stall phssanlo, ihr succoss as stallnoafg whrdo` thwbr`.

AY

Uurphso ufaiaos. Af noafg trbfscofòft hi kbtorabl roblaty, at cbf ufaiy kbtorablsafth ”shkotmafg noyhf`‑ tmoksolvos. Bs tmo wmhlo hi b kbcmafo, af noafg trbfscofòfthi ats pbrts, cbf ufaiy ats pbrts, sh purphso, af noafg trbfscofòft hi kbtorabl tmafgs, cbfufaiy tmok watmaf b gavof porshf. Iurtmorkhro, bs pbrts hi b kbcmafo cbffht whrdthgotmor bf` sh nochko ”afvasanlo‑ watmhut b wmhlo, sh kbtorabl ghh`s cbffht nochko”afvasanlo‑ watmhut b purphso. Bs tmo wmhlo hi b kbcmafo, af noafg trbfscofòft hi atspbrts, cbf ufaiy tmok, sh purphso, af noafg trbfscofòft hi kbtorabl tmafgs, cbf ufaiytmok watmaf b gavof porshf. Iurtmorkhro, bs pbrts hi b kbcmafo cbffht whrd thgotmorbf` sh nochko ”afvasanlo‑ watmhut b wmhlo, sh kbtorabl ghh`s cbffht nochko ”afvasanlo‑

watmhut b purphso.

Pmas pbpor as fht b supphrtor hi _talatbrabfask (bs phpulbrly ufòrsthh`):pormbps b porshf cbf akphso uphf mas hr morsoli b shrt hi ”Uurphso _talatbrabfask‑, nut wmbt chfstatutos tmbt cbffht no nhalo` `hwf th wmbt as chkkhfly chfsaòro` ”usoiul‑ hr

https://www.scribd.com/document/281670657/Paradoxes-of-Awareness-by-O-G-Rose






03

”prbctacbl‑. B purphso hi laio as th lhvo at, bf` ”lhvafg laio‑ oftbals, ihr khst, bpprocabtafgnobuty, soodafg trutm ihr trutm‑s sbdo, bf` oknrbcafg ghh`foss bs bf of` af atsoli. Pmohfo wmh ibals th vasat brt gblloraos as tmof, rolbtavo th laio bs kbfy vbluo at, ibalafg th noprbctacbl, tmhugm tmo nusafosskbf kby chfsaòr oxplhrafg brt ”akprbctacbl‑. Iurtmorkhro,ihr tmo mhkokbdor, tmo nobuty hi b rug as bs vatbl th tmo rug‑s utalaty bs as mhw oiioctavolyat chvors tmo ilhhr, ihr tmo nobuty hi tmo rug iufctahfs th crobto b mhkoly bf` wolchkafg

ofvarhfkoft ( wmacm as tmo ”of`‑ ihr wmacm tmo rug wbs purcmbso ). Chfsaòrafg bll tmas, wmbt as ”prbctacbl‑ bf` ”usoiul‑ as rolbtavo, bf` bf brtast cbf, af b sofso, no b ”_talatbrabf‑ ihr vasatafg brt gblloraos just bs kucm bs tmo nusafosskbf cbf no b ”_talatbrabf‑ ihr lobrfafgbcchuftafg.

Bs tmas pbpor asf‑t _talatbrabf, at asf‑t Gfhstac oatmor. Kbtorabl roblaty as vblubnloaf bf` hi atsoli, fht sakply th tmo ògroo tmbt pohplo mbvo purphso. Pmo whrl` kbttors

wmotmor hr fht pohplo roblazo at, bf` tmo vbluo hi tmo whrl` asf‑t bt tmo korcy hi pohplo‑scbpbcaty th purphso at. Mhwovor, wmotmor hr fht tmo whrl` kbttors th b gavof porshf asòpofòft hf tmbt porshf. Pmhugm tmo whrl` atsoli kbttors (ihr tmoro whul` no fh laio

watmhut at), watmhut purphso, b porshf `hosf‑t mbvo tmo oyos th soo tmbt vbluo hr bdoysthfo watm wmacm th trbfslbto at afth shkotmafg chkpromofsanlo. Ph sby ”pohplo gavotmo whrl` purphso‑ as th sby ”pohplo gavo tmoar whrl` purphso‑, bf` tmoar whrl` laos hvortmo whrl` lado b pbaftafg nrusmo` mbrkhfahusly hvor bfhtmor. Pmafgs af tmo whrl` th tmopurphsoiul nochko syknhls tmbt ”phaft th‑ purphso, kultaplyafg tmo affbto vbluo hikbtorabl roblaty. Chfsaòrafg tmas, th no kbtorablastac, af ibalafg th roblazo tmo iullphtoftablaty hi kbtorablaty, as th ihcus hf kbtorabl tmafgs bt tmoar oxpofso.

Y

Uurphso as b porshf‑s stbf`br` hi òcasahf kbdafg , bf` noihro at, bll tmafgs wallno ”afvasanlo‑. Pmo hfo wmh asf‑t kbtorablastac asf‑t tmo hfo watm tmo lobst tmafgs hr tmo

hfo wmh àsrogbr`s bll oxpofsavo tmafgs, nut tmo hfo wmh usos bf` ofgbgos watm tmafgsaf syfcmrhfazbtahf, af tmo sbko wby hfo ofgbgos watm b `hhrdfhn tmbt whrds. Watmhutpurphso tmhugm, laio ibals th no b kobfafgiul wmhlo hi ”laio‑, bf` tmo whrl` as b chlloctahfhi irbgkofts, hi uf-ufaiao` tmafgs. Kbtorablask mofco nochkos ufbvha`bnlo, tmosyfcmrhfazbtahf hi pmofhkofb akphssanlo, bf` bll òcasahf kbdafg rofòro` bakloss.

Af nrobdafg `hwf tmo syfcmrhfazbtahf hi laio, b porshf nrobds `hwf tmo wmhlofoss hi ”laio‑ afth ”vasanlo‑ irbgkofts. Chfsoquoftly, lbcdafg purphso, tmo hnsorvorrolbtos th kbtorabl tmafg brnatrbraly, bs kbtorabl tmafgs rolbto th hfo bfhtmor brnatrbralyrolbtavo th tmbt hnsorvor. Arhfacblly, at as mofco tmo kbtorablastac porshf wmh, af cbusafgtmas ò-syfcmrhfazbtahf, ibals th kbdo tmo khst hi tmoar kbtorabl roblaty. Lado b porshfbnstrbcto` ny àgatazbtahf, af ibalafg th mbvo purphso, b porshf bnstrbcts mas hr mor soli

irhk iull pmysacblaty bf` iull oknhàkoft. Af tmas sofso, tmo kbtorablastac porshf asf‑tkbtorablastac bt bll, nut bfta-kbtorablastac.

Bs hfo soos tmo sufraso lhhdafg hut hvor tmo khuftbafs hf tmo mhrazhf, sh hfolhhds ”thwbr`‑ tmoar purphso hvor kbtorabl tmafgs, bf` bs hfo watmhut purphso kust lhhduphf tmo tmafgs hi laio, watmhut tmo suf, hfo kust lhhd hut uphf tmo tmafgs nolhw tmomhrazhf. Bs tmo suf allukafbtos tmo whrl`, sh purphso allukafbtos, bf` tmhugm tmo whrl`stall oxasts wmof tmo suf sots, at cbffht no soof, bs hfo cbffht iully soo tmo whrl` bf` atskobfafg watmhut roblazafg b purphso ihr tmoar soli. Bf` bs tmo suf ufaiaos wmbt as ufòrats lagmt afth `by, sh purphso ufaiaos tmo tmafgs hi laio afth b syfcmrhfazo` wmhlo.

Watmhut purphso, wo bro bll ufbvha`bnly stucd af kbtorablask, bs watmhut tmo suf wo bro

ufbvha`bnly stucd af `brdfoss.Uurphso allukafbtos hur lavos.Uurphso ufaiaos us thgotmor.



00

(Ak)khrblatyOtmacs bs Arhfy

Otmacs as bf ”(ak)khrbl‑ stu`y. Wmalo robàfg Pmo Grhuf`whrd hi tmoKotbpmysacs hi Khrbls ny Dbft, A `h fht try th sbvo tmo laio hi b stbrvafg cmal` af Biracb:A bct akkhrblly. Qot A bk robàfg tmo toxt af hròr th lobrf mhw th no khrbl, bf` ai at

chftranutos th ko noafg khrbl af tmo iuturo, tmof A bct khrblly. A bct akkhrblly rolbtavoth tmo cmal` af Biracb fhw, bf` khrblly th wmhk A wall molp af tmo iuturo. Af suk, A bct(ak)khrblly.

A

Ai A sbw b cmal` wbs `rhwfafg af irhft hi ko bf` à`f‑t jukp af th sbvo tmocmal` nocbuso A wbs robàfg Dbft, A whul` bct akkhrblly. Qot tmbt as oxbctly wmbt pohplo`h wmofovor tmoy rob` bf otmacbl toxt, tmo hfly àiiorofco noafg tmbt tmo cmal` asmuf`ro`s hi kalos bwby bf` stbrvafg rbtmor tmbf `rhwfafg (wmacm as brgubnly whrso).

_floss, tmbt as, vasanalaty bf` prhxakaty mbvo khrbl sagfaiacbfco: ufloss tmo ibct tmbt tmocmal` `hosf‑t suiior fobr ko kbdos at khrblly bccoptbnlo tmbt A doop robàfg rbtmor tmbfmolp tmo cmal`. Ai sh, fht hfly as khrblaty chftafgoft, nut tmof ny clhsafg ky oyos wmaloshkohfo as `rhwfafg fobrny, A kby iroo kysoli hi khrbl rosphfsanalaty.

Af robàfg tmas pbpor, “(Ak)khrblaty‛, ”yhu clhso yhur oyos‑, por so, th tmosuiiorafg hi tmo whrl` brhuf` yhu: ny robàfg, yhu bct akkhrblly. Whrso yot, safcomukbfs mbvo afiafato vbluo, yhu bro afiafatoly akkhrbl. Safco afiafaty as lakatloss, ovof aiyhu gh bf` molp b kallahf cmal`rof irhk tmas phaft hf, yhu wall stall no afiafatoly akkhrbl.Ovof ai af tmo pbst yhu molpo` kallahfs hi cmal`rof, tmo ibct tmbt yhu bro robàfg tmaspbpor ragmt fhw kobfs yhu brof‑t molpafg shkohfo bt tmas afstbft. Safco tmbt ihrsbdofcmal` mbs afiafato vbluo, yhu bro afiafatoly akkhrbl. Bs b kbf wmh mbs `hfo tmhusbf`s hi

ghh` òo`s nut chkkatto` hfo kuròr as stall b kuròror af tmo oyos hi tmo churt,tmhugm yhu kby molp chuftloss, afiafatoly vblubnlo cmal`rof, th fogloct hfo as th noafiafatoly akkhrbl ihrovor.

_floss tmbt as cmal`rof `hf‑t mbvo afiafato vbluo. Uohplo mbvo chftafgoft vbluo,nbso` hf shko stbf`br` tmof8 Wmbt stbf`br`8 Khfoy, shcabl stbfàfg, gofos, otc.8Uormbps shcaoty nolaovos sucm, nut ai tmbt‑s truo, tmof gofhcaò, kuròr, rbpo, otc. cbffhtno oqublly akkhrbl: at òpof`s hf wmhk tmo bct as `hfo bgbafst. Bgbafst b vblubnloporshf, tmo bcts bro vory wrhfg4 bgbafst bf afvblubnlo porshf, tmo bcts brof‑t sh nb`. Nut`hos tmo qublaty hi b porshf roblly biioct tmo khrblaty hi bf bct8 Ai sh, ny wmbt stbf`br`8Ai tmbt cbf‑t no òtorkafo`, at kust no sba` tmbt mukbfs oatmor mbvo fh vbluo hr afiafato,fhf-chftafgoft vbluo. Ai yhu nolaovo pohplo mbvo bfy vbluo, yhu nolaovo pohplo mbvo

afiafato vbluo. Pmoroihro, ai yhu `hf‑t nolaovo tmo whrst hi pohplo, yhu kust nolaovo tmbt,af robàfg tmas pbpor, yhu bct afiafatoly akkhrbl. Nut rbtmor tmbf ”afiafato vbluo‑, kbyno ”ufblaofbnlo vbluo‑ as b nottor pmrbso8 @hos tmbt lafguastac cmbfgo trbfsihrk tmoakkhrblaty hi yhu `hafg fhtmafg bs cmal`rof suiior8 Ovof ai yhu `h molp kallahfs lbtorhf (tmbfds th otmacbl afsagmt gbrforo` irhk tmas whrd), mhw `hos tmbt kbdo up ihr ibalafgth molp shkohfo ragmt fhw8 @hos hfo roòok b kuròr th`by ny sbvafg b laiothkhrrhw8

Kbyno.Ai bll tmas shuf`s sally th yhu, roblazo tmbt at `hosf‑t th tmo suiiorafg. @hos tmas

pbpor afiafatoly hiiof` yhu8 Asf‑t at bf afiafato hiiofsavo bgbafst tmhso yhu `hf‑t molp

ragmt fhw th no afiafatoly hiiofò` ny shkotmafg tmbt ihrcos yhu th bcdfhwlo`go yhur(ak)khrblaty8 Bro tmo akplacbtahfs hi tmas whrd afiafatoly hutlbfàsm8 @hf‑t tmoy mbvo thmbvo afiafato akplacbtahfs th pbrbllol tmo afiafato whrtm hi tmhso yhu bro hvorlhhdafg bt

http://www.inp.uw.edu.pl/mdsie/Political_Thought/Kant%20-%20groundwork%20for%20the%20metaphysics%20of%20morals%20with%20essays.pdf









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wbs khro akphrtbft th molp tmbf tmo laio yhu lot porasm8 @hos tmo ibct tmbt yhu sorvocmal`rof af Bkoracb kbdo at hdby tmbt yhu lot cmal`rof af Biracb ào8 Ai yhu molp cmal`rofaf Biracb, wmbt bnhut tmo cmal`rof af Bkoracb8 Ai yhu molp hfo cmal`, wmbt bnhut tmohtmor cmal`rof8 @hosf‑t ovoryhfo mbvo afiafato vbluo8 Asf‑t at blwbys akkhrbl th fht molppohplo wmh yhu chul` molp8 As iafatuò b vbla` oxcuso bgbafst bf afiafato trbfsgrossahf8@hos tmo ibct tmbt yhu cbf‑t molp ovoryhfo kbdo at blragmt tmbt yhu lot shko ào8 @hos

yhur bnalaty th molp shkohfo àctbto wmotmor at‑s khrbl th molp bf afàvaùbl8 As tmo vbluo hi htmors chftafgoft uphf yhur chfàtahf bf` bnalataos8 Bf` as at ovor tmo cbso tmbtyhu truly cbf‑t molp shkohfo8 Chul`f‑t yhu pby shkohfo th gh th Biracb bf` sbvo bda`‑s laio bs yhu thhd cbro hi yhur sacd khtmor8 Nut wmbt ragmt `h yhu mbvo th ju`go tmbtyhu smhul` molp hfo porshf vorsus bfhtmor8 Bf` ai ragmts bro ufblaofbnlo, A cbf‑t gavo upky ragmts ovof ai A wbfto` th, fhr afirafgo uphf tmo ragmts hi bfhtmor ovof ai tmbtafàvaùbl tolls ko tmbt A cbf. Sh ovof ai shkohfo sbys at‑s blragmt ihr ko th molpshkohfo olso bt tmoar oxpofso, A mbvo fh nbsas ihr lottafg tmbt porshf gavo up tmoar ragmtth laio. Bt tmo sbko tako, A smhul`f‑t lot shkohfo A‑k molpafg curroftly ào bs A gh thmolp bfhtmor, ihr tmof A whul` chftranuto th tbdafg bwby tmbt‑s porshf ufblaofbnlo ragmtth laio.

Ai b cmal` wbs `rhwfafg ragmt af irhft hi yhu bf` yhu à`f‑t jukp af nocbusoyhu à`f‑t wbft th got wot, yhu whul` no akkhrbl. Nut shkohfo as `yafg hf tmo htmorsaò hi tmo whrl` ragmt fhw, bf` yhu‑ro stall robàfg tmas pbpor. Bf` A‑k wratafg at. Wo‑ronhtm akkhrbl. _floss tmbt as khrblaty as chftafgoft uphf lhcbtahf8 Wmbt ai b cmal` wbs`rhwfafg bf` tmo kbjhraty vhto` th lot tmo cmal` `rhwf8 Whul` at no hdby tmof8 Wmbt aiyhu vhto` th molp tmo cmal` nut tmo kbjhraty vhto` bgbafst yhu, rosultafg af yhu `hafgfhtmafg8 Chul` yhu roblly clbak yhu‑ro khrbl sakply nocbuso y hu vhto` th `h tmo ragmttmafg8 As khrblaty sunsorvaoft th òkhcrbcy8 Wmbt ai tmo cmal` thl` yhu th lot mak ào aitmo kbjhraty vhto` tmbt wby8 As khrblaty sunsorvaoft th whr`s8 Wmbt ai tmo cmal` wbsnrbafwbsmo`8 Wmbt ai tmo kbjhraty tmrobtofo` th dall tmo cmal`‑s pbrofts ai tmo cmal` à`f‑t

sby tmbt bnhut mas hr mor soli8 Wmbt ai tmo kbjhraty‑s tmrobt wbs okpty bf` yot yhu à`f‑t`h bfytmafg nocbuso tmo cmal` bsdo` yhu fht th, tmafdafg tmo tmrobt wbs sunstbftavo8

Wmbt ai yhu lot tmo cmal` ào nocbuso yhu a`f‑t wbft th got wot hr suiior bfy ju`gkoftirhk tmo kbjhraty bf` b jury ihuf` yhu affhcoft hi kuròr8 As khrblaty sunsorvaoft th bjury8 Wmbt ai b ju`go thl` yhu fht th sbvo tmo cmal` bf` yhu lastofo`8 Whul` tmbt kbdo atkhrbl8 –

Bf` sh hf.Otmacs as thh hitof just b gbko hi quacd wat. At‑s kobft th kbdo tmo whrl` b

nottor plbco, nut pohplo noafg (ak)khrbl, bll thh hitof Otmacs just rowbr`s crobtavotmafdors watm chllogo tofuro. Asf‑t at ghh` th chftokplbto khrbl quostahfs8 Woll wmbt astmo khrbl justaiacbtahf nomaf` tmo bct hi chftokplbtafg khrbl quostahfs (ospocablly

chfsaòrafg tmbt cmal`rof bro suiiorafg wmalo yhu‑ro tmafdafg )8 At whul` sook th ko tmoroas fhfo, tmbt tmoro as fh khrbl justaiacbtahf ihr robàfg bnhut Dbft‑s ”cbtoghracblakporbtavo‑ bs cmal`rof suiior. Af lobrfafg tmbt A smhul`f‑t `h shkotmafg tmbt A whul`f‑t

wbft th no b ufavorsbl, khrbl lbw, A stu`y pmalhshpmy wmalo pohplo suiior, wmacm asshkotmafg A smhul`f‑t wbft pohplo chkpollo` th `h ny b ufavorsbl lbw . Hi churso, yhuchul` brguo tmbt ai wo fovor tmhugmt bnhut cortbaf prhnloks, wo whul`f‑t dfhw tmoro

wbs bfytmafg af tmo whrl` tmbt fooò` iaxafg af tmo iarst plbco, nut `hos b stbrvafg cmal`mbvo tmo luxury th kbdo sucm b chuftorphaft8 As b khkoft hi tmhugmt ovor justaiao` ai bttmo oxpofso hi b khkoft wmof b cmal`‑s pbaf chul` no bllovabto`8 Ai sh, ny wmbtstbf`br`8 Pofuro8

Otmacs as thh hitof bf arhfac gbko plbyo` bt tmo oxpofso hi àgfaty. Pbdo tmoquostahf hi wmotmor chfsoft mbs khrbl woagmt. Ai shkohfo sba` ”yhu cbf dall ko‑, whul`tmbt kbdo kuròr bccoptbnlo8 Hfly ai tmo porshf spobdafg asf‑t nrbafwbsmo`. Mhw `h



07

yhu dfhw ai tmo porshf as hr asf‑t8 Qhu cbf‑t, sh chfsoft as fovor oftaroly rolabnlo. Nut wmbt ai tmo porshf asf‑t nrbafwbsmo`8 Woll wmbt tmo porshf as bnlo th chfsoft th bf` wmbt shrt hi woagmt tmo porshf as bnlo th put nomaf` mas hr mor ”vornbl chftrbct‑ wall norolbtavo th tmo porshf‑s gofos bf` shcahochfhkac phsatahfafg, wmacm wall no magmlyòpofòft hf wmbt ibkaly tmo porshf wbs nhrf afth, otc. Pmoroihro, chfsoft bf`chftrbcts bro ufibar, ihr tmo chfsoft hi b phhr kbf kby fht mbvo tmo woagmt hi b racm

hfo. Nut `hosf‑t b phhr porshf mbvo bf afmoroft àgfaty tmbt vbla`btos mas vornblchftrbct8 Woll ovof ai mo mbs àgfaty, mas chftrbct cbf lbcd tmo woagmt hi b racm, àgfaiao`kbf. Nut wmbt ai b phhr porshf wbfts mas ”yos‑ th kobf ”yos‑ bf` mas ”fh‑ th kobf ”fh‑8Mas òcasahfs bf` vornbl chfsoft bro chftafgoft uphf vbrabnlos hutsaò mas chftrhl (sbygofos, shcabl prossuros, otc.), sh ai mo bgroos th b gavof chftrbct bf` wbfts mas chfsoft thno vbla`, ai tmo chftrbct mbs woagmt af ibvhr hi tmo racm pbrty, tmo chftrbct as ufibar,

wmacm afvbla`btos tmo phhr kbf‑s bgrookoft. Pmof ibarfoss suporso os mukbf àgfaty bf` chfsoft8 Ai tmoro asf‑t ibarfoss, mukbf àgfaty lbcds justaco, bf` watmhut tmbt, àgfatyas fogbto`. Wmy cbf‑t justaco no fogbto` ny àgfaty8 –

Bf` sh hf.Of`loss ”wmbt ais‑, phssanalaty bitor phssanalaty, roòiafatahf bitor roòiafatahf –

tmo stu`y hi Otmacs as thh obsaly b lbnyraftm hi myphtmotacbl satubtahfs. Ovof ai khrblaty asgrhufò`, bs Dbft brgubnly bcchkplasmo`, fhfo hi us cbf lavo khrblly. Wo bro bll(ak)khrbl.

AY

Pmoro bro fh tmohraos af tmo whrl`, hfly tmafgs tmbt iat afth tmohraos. Blltmohraos hi wmbt chfstatutos ”tmo khrbl laio‑ stuii tmo whrl` afth lofsos bf` irbkowhrds.

Wmbt chfstatutos tmo otmacbl as rolbtavo th tmo irbkowhrd noafg uso`, bf` mofco khrblatyas rolbtavo. Pmas `hosf‑t kobf tmoro asf‑t bf Hnjoctavo âgmt bf` Wrhfg, hfly tmbt hur

ufòrstbfàfg hi tmbt Hnjoctavaty as sunjoctavo. Otmacs tmof nochkos b prhcoss hiòtorkafafg wmacm ”ragmt bf` wrhfg‑ blagfs watm ”âgmt bf` Wrhfg‑. Mhwovor, hur ghbltmof smhul` no th òtorkafo wmbt as ”âgmt bf` Wrhfg‑, fht wmbt as otmacbl, nocbuso tmosochf` wall ihllhw irhk tmo iarst. Nut mhw `h wo òtorkafo wmbt as ”âgmt bf` Wrhfg‑8

Wo cbf‑t. Safco wo‑ro iafato, wo cbf‑t no Hnjoctavoly Khrbl hr Otmacbl. Wo cbf hfly no

sunjoctavoly otmacbl: wo cbf hfly no khrbl bf` akkhrbl bt tmo sbko tako. Wo bro bll(ak)khrbl watm fh mhpo hi bcmaovafg Hnjoctavo âgmtfoss. Safco wo cbffht trbfscof`hursolvos, tmo stu`y hi Otmacs cbffht kbdo us Otmacbl. Nut ai tmbt‑s tmo cbso, wmbt oxbctlyas tmo uso hi Otmacs8 Woll, ai tmoro wbs fh ”spbco notwoof pohplo‑, tmoro whul` no fhotmacbl bcts. Safco tmo oxastofco hi Otmacs as chftafgoft uphf tmo rolbtahfsmap notwoof

tmo ”A bf` htmor‑, Otmacs, khro tmbf tobcm us bnhut mhw th no khrbl, tobcmos us mhwbnhut th rolbto th obcm htmor bf` mhw th chkkufacbto.

Otmacs tobcmos chfvorsbtahf.Safco whr`s bro hitof chkkufacbto` phhrly bf` kasmobr`, whr`s chfstbftly

ibal. Bs Moaòggor fhto` tmbt wo `hf‑t fhtaco b `hhrdfhn uftal at `hosf‑t whrd, wo `hf‑tofgbgo af Otmacs uftal shkotmafg as nrhdof, bf` wmbt `hos tmo nrobdafg as hur whr`s. Atasf‑t tmo whrl` tmbt as nrhdof af bf` hi atsoli, nut hur whr`s tmbt nrobd at (rolbtavo th us).Chfsoquoftly, ”hur whrl`‑ as nrhdof, fht tmo ”bctubl whrl`‑.

Otmacbl àlokkbs bro lafguastac af fbturo: at as tbldafg tmbt kbdos us tmafd aftorks hi tmo àcmhthky hi ”ragmt bf` wrhfg‑. Whr`s kbdo us tmafd tmo whrl` as nrhdof4

af ibct, tmo whrl` as foatmor khrbl fhr akkhrbl, just fhr ufjust – at just oxasts. At as nytbldafg bf` tmafdafg af torks hi khrblaty tmbt wo put pmofhkofb af tmo whrl` afth tmbt

irbkowhrd bf` sh bscrano b gavof tmafg ”ragmtfoss‑ bf`/hr ”wrhfgfoss‑. Qot safco wo bro



0=

bll (ak)khrbl ( hr ”ragmt/wrhfg‑ ), bll tmafgs af tmo whrl` bro ”nhtm‑ (af suk, tmhugm hfo hrtmo htmor rolbtavo th b gavof irbko hi spbcotako). Qot chfvorsbtahfs af bf Otmacsclbssrhhk kbdo us tmafd af torks hi ”oatmor/hr‑ vorsus ”nhtm-foss‑. Chfsoquoftly, wobttokpt th lavo b khrbl laio af b whrl` tmbt ”asf‑t‑: wo bttokpt th no ”ragmt afstob` hi

wrhfg‑ wmof wo bro `hhko` th no nhtm.2 Pmo vory bct hi tmafdafg ”tmo `hhrdfhn as nrhdof‑ rosults af us tmafdafg

hursolvos ”thwbr`‑ tmo `hhrdfhn bs ai at woro tmo hfly tmafg wo woro oxporaofcafg: woihrgot bnhut tmo `hhr, tmo rhhk, otc. (bll hi wmacm wo bro sakultbfohusly porcoavafg).Ladowaso, tmo stu`y hi Otmacs kbdos us tmafd bnhut b gavof sunjoct bs ai at woro tmo hflysunjoct, mofco bnstrbctafg at bf` hursolvos irhk tmo whrl`. Chfsoquoftly, wmbtovorshlutahf wo iaf` as bf bnstrbctahf, bf` tmhugm at kby iax tmo prhnlok bf` kbdo us khrblrolbtavo th at, at `hosf‑t kbdo us khrbl rolbtavo th tmo suk hi tmo whr l`. Wo cbf hfly nokhrbl af pbrt4 wo cbf fovor no wmhlly ghh`.

Y

Ai A aftof` th `ravo th Cblaihrfab bf` succoo`, at chul` no sba` tmbt A à` ”tmoragmt tmafg‑. Pmas as nocbuso, rolbtavo th tmo aftofò` irbkowhrd, A iuliallo` wmbt Aaftofò` th `h. Af b sofso, at chul` no sba` tmbt A ”à` ghh`‑. ôlbtavo th gavof satubtahfsbf` prbctacos, rolbtavo th wmbt as aftofò` hr ostbnlasmo` bs ragmt bf` wrhfg, at cbf nosba` tmbt b gavof bct as hfo hr tmo htmor. Af b wby, ai A aftof` th gh th Cblaihrfab bf` A`hf‑t, at chul` no sba` tmbt A bcto` ”akkhrblly‑, ihr A vahlbto` ky wall. Wmof pohplo sbyshkotmafg as ”akkhrbl‑ hr ”khrbl‑, shkotmafg lado tmas as wmbt tmoy kobf: tmoy kobf bporshf à` ”tmo ragmt tmafg‑ rolbtavo th tmo irbkowhrd tmbt bct hccurro` watmaf (wmacmtof`s th no tao` th tmo aftoftahfs hi tmo porshf hr tmo lbrgor shcaoty).

Lado khrbl rulos bf` khtavbtahfs, ovory oxcmbfgo bf` aftorbctahf as sucm b”gbko‑, por so, chfsastafg hi rulos, aftoftahfs, bf` irbkowhrds.> Ai A bsd ”wall yhu gh th

tmo sthro8‑, A bk prosoftafg yhu watm b sot hi rulos. Hfo hi tmoso rulos as ”ai yhu sby ”yos‑ th tmas quostahf, yhu bro hnlagbto` th gh watm ko‑ (sakalbr th ”ai yhu pbss Gh, chlloct$>55‑), bs bfhtmor as ”ai yhu sby fh, yhu brof‑t hnlagbto` th gh‑ (tmoro bro phtoftabllymuf`ro`s khro rulos). Ai yhu sby ”yos‑ bf` `hf‑t gh th tmo sthro, yhu‑vo bcto` ”wrhfgly‑bf`/hr ”akkhrblly‑, ihr yhu‑vo vahlbto` tmo ”gbko‑ bf` ”shcabl chftrbct‑ A prosofto` yhu

watm tmrhugm spobdafg. B gavof afàvaùbl cbf no pbrt hi b ”gbko‑ watmhut dfhwafg at, watmhut

oxcmbfgafg whr`s, otc. Wmof A wbld `hwf b stroot, A‑k af b ”gbko‑ watm tmhso `ravafg nytmbt oftbals tmo rulo ”`hf‑t mat ko watm yhur cbr‑. Ihr wmof b porshf wblds `hwf bsaòwbld (ufloss suaca`bl), wmotmor sbyafg at hr fht, tmo porshf as ”`brdly spobdafg‑ (watmmas hr mor nh`y, bs oxphufò` uphf af “Hf Whr`s bf` @otorkafask‛) ”`hf‑t mat ko‑.3

Wmof A wbld pbst b porshf hf tmo stroot, A‑k sbyafg, watmhut spobdafg, ”`hf‑t stobl irhkko‑, ”`hf‑t pufcm ko‑, otc. Ovory khkoft notwoof pohplo chfsasts hi tmhusbf`s hisucm rulos noafg ostbnlasmo` bf` ofgbgo` watm. Wo dfhw tmok sunchfscahusly, bf` tmas”dfhwafg‑ chfstatutos bf hnjoctavo nbsas ihr khrbl bctahf. A just ”dfhw‑ A smhul`f‑t stoblkhfoy irhk shkohfo…

…ufloss ky ibkaly as stbrvafg, otc. At as tmas ”ufloss‑ tmbt kbdos us iool tmbt wofoo` th Hnjoctaiy tmo hnjoctavo, nut at as hfly rolbtavo th obcm pbrtaculbr satubtahf tmbt

wmbt chfstatutos tmo hnjoctavo cbf ovof no ostbnlasmo`, sh b ufavorsbl Hnjoctavo(chfsaòrafg tmbt obcm hnjoctavo as àiioroft bf` pbrtaculbr), cbffht no ostbnlasmo`. Wocbf dfhw tmo hnjoctavo ihr b gavof, ”lavo`‑ oxporaofco, nut fht tmo Hnjoctavo ihr bll.0

(Doop af kaf` tmhugm tmbt tmas `hosf‑t kobf tmoro asf‑t bf Hnjoctavo, hfly tmbt at cbffhtno ostbnlasmo` hr ofbcto` hvor, rbtmor tmbf tmrhugm, pbrtaculbrataos.)

http://www.scribd.com/doc/186844892/On-Words-and-Determinism-by-O-G-Rose





01

Otmacs bro lado kbffors: tmoy bro shkotmafg wo lobrf (fht just af tmo clbssrhhk,nut irhk tmo suk thtbl hi hur oxporaofcos) tmbt, bitorwbr`s, wo just ”dfhw‑.? Hi churso,

wo cbf akkoàbtoly chuftor wmbt wo ”dfhw‑ watm b lafo irhk b Uhstkhòrf Otmacstmafdor hr b culturbl lobòr, nut tmbt `hosf‑t cmbfgo tmo ibct tmbt wo ”dfow‑ shkotmafg aftmo iarst plbco. Safco af ovory oxcmbfgo tmas ”dfhwafg‑ as prosoft, tmoro as bf hnjoctavoragmt bf` wrhfg rolbtavo th ovory scofbrah. Wmotmor b gavof otmacs cbf no kbò

Hnjoctavo hr ufavorsblazo` `hosf‑t cmbfgo hr lossof tmo hnjoctavaty hr logatakbcy hi tmhsopbrtaculbr otmacs. Ai mukbfs hccupao` b plbfo hi ufavorsbls rbtmor tmbf pbrtaculbrataos, tmasafbnalaty th Hnjoctaiy tmo hnjoctavo whul` no prhnlokbtac, nut safco mukbfs `hf‑t lavo aftmoar mob`s, mukbfs bro iroo (th dfhw hfo tmafg irhk bfhtmor).

Qhu dfhw fht th dall shkohfo just bs yhu dfhw wmof yhu‑ro mufgry. Ai irhkmufgor hfo ufavorsblazo` tmbt ”pohplo smhul` obt‑, tmas whul` no truo bf` yot afchkploto.

Wmof smhul` tmoy obt8 Mhw8 Wmbt8 Phh kbfy quostahfs bro nhuf` up af tmopbrtaculbrataos. Pmas asf‑t th sby tmbt hfo smhul`f‑t obt bf` tmbt tmoro asf‑t bf bfswor th”mhw8‑ bf` ”wmbt8‑, nut tmbt tmo bfswors th tmoso quostahfs bro àiioroft ihr ovorypbrtaculbr satubtahf. Ladowaso, ai hfo sbys ”tmoro as bf hnjoctavo ragmt bf` wrhfg‑, tmas

whul` no truo bf` yot afchkploto. Hfo whul` stall mbvo th ostbnlasm ”rolbtavo th wmbt”gbko‑8‑, otc.

Af b ”gbko‑, yhu just ”dfhw‑ wmbt yhu smhul` bf` smhul`f‑t `h. Af khrochkplacbto` satubtahfs, yhu kby foo` th tmafd bnhut tmo satubtahf mbròr hr gbtmor kucmkhro afihrkbtahf, nut yhu cbf ovoftublly kbdo b òcasahf (bf` rochgfazafg tmbt yhu bro(ak)khrbl fh kbttor wmbt yhu òcaò wall molp yhu bvha` pbrblysas). 9 Pmoro as bàiiorofco notwoof sbyafg yhu `hf‑t dfhw tmo bfswor th b kbtm prhnlok bf` tmbt yhucbf‑t dfhw tmo bfswor. Otmacs cbf molp us lobrf mhw th tmafd crobtavoly sh tmbt wo bronottor oquappo` th hvorchko sucm chkploxataos, nut Otmacs cbffht tobcm us wmbtchfstatutos tmo otmacbl (hfly wmbt kagmt chfstatuto tmo otmacbl), safco tmo otmacbl as nhufùp af tmo pbrtaculbr. Ovof ai wo `hf‑t dfhw wmbt wo ”dfhw‑ wmof wo ofchuftor bf

otmacbl àlokkb, Otmacs cbffht gavo us tmbt bfswor. Hfly wo cbf gavo at th hursolvos, ihrhfly wo cbf dfhw tmo pbrtaculbrataos wmacm chfstatuto tmo satubtahfs wmacm wo broafvhlvo` af. Bt nost, Otmacs cbf oquap us watm tmo crobtavo tmafdafg tmbt as vatbl ihrdfhwafg bf` brtaculbtafg wmbt wo ”dfhw‑.

YA

Safco ovory aftorbctahf bf` oxporaofco as ”hfo hi hfo‑, tmo rulos bf` shcablchftrbct hi hfo oxcmbfgo cbffht no ufavorsblazo` th bll (af lafo watm Muko). Fh ”gbko‑as tmo sbko bs bfhtmor. Pmoroihro, Otmacs, bs ufavorsbl, as akphssanlo. Pmo hfly phssanalatyas otmacbl bcts rolbtavo th gavof aftorbctahfs bs òsagfbto` ny tmo rulos bf` aftoftahfs hi

tmbt gavof oxcmbfgo (wmacm hfly tmhso afvhlvo` cbf dfhw). Cbf tmoso otmacbl bcts ovorno òoko` Hnjoctavoly Ghh`8 Fh, nut tmoro‑s fh foo`: rolbtavo th ats prhpor systok bfìrbkowhrd, b gavof otmac as hnjoctavoly ghh`. Af tmas sofso, bcts cbf no hnjoctavoly ragmthr wrhfg, nut fht Hnjoctavoly âgmt hr Wrhfg (rolbtavo th mukbfs).

Wmbt as hnjoctavoly ragmt as tao` th pbrtaculbrataos, sh th àscuss Otmacs ”bs ai‑ wmbt as hnjoctavoly ragmt hr wrhfg as, hr cbf no, Hnjoctavoly âgmt hr Wrhfg, as iutalo.Safco tmo hnjoctavo as tao` th tmo pbrtaculbr, at cbffht no tbldo` bnhut, hfly oxporaofco`.

Pmoroihro, bll àscussahfs bnhut hnjoctavo ragmt bf` wrhfg bro chftrbàctahfs bf` kustnlur hnjoctavaty watm Hnjoctavaty. Pmas asf‑t nocbuso tmoro as fh Hnjoctavaty hr hnjoctavaty,nut nocbuso tmo vory bct hi trbfslbtafg tmas ”lavo`‑ oxporaofco afth whr`s rofòrs

àscussahf bnhut at kobfafgloss. Whr`s brof‑t hnjoctavoly ragmt hr wrhfg: bcts bro. Pmoroihro, tmo whr` ”rbpo‑asf‑t wrhfg, tmhugm tmo bct hi rbpo as wrhfg (gavof tmbt tmoro as fh ”gbko‑ tmbt chul` no



?5

chfsofto` th af wmacm rbpo, ny òiafatahf, whul` no bccoptbnlo4 htmorwaso, at whul` nosox).7 Qot tmo khkoft A sby ”rbpo‑, A bk fhw tbldafg bnhut tmo bct hi rbpo ”bs ai‑ at worotmo whr` ”rbpo‑. Safco af tmo spmoro hi bcts tmo otmacbl as òtorkafbnlo, nut fht af tmospmoro hi whr`s, ny spobdafg, A bk ruffafg b rasd hi chfiusafg kysoli. Ai A nogaf tbldafgbnhut tmo whr` ”rbpo‑, A wall fovor no bnlo th òtorkafo tmo otmacbl. Qot, ai A bk tbldafgcblkly bnhut rbpo, A kustf‑t no oxporaofcafg rbpo, sh ny òiafatahf A kust no ofgbgafg

watm tmbt af wmacm tmo otmacbl cbffht no òtorkafo`. Qot, af Otmacs, tmo wmhlo robshf Aàscuss rbpo as th òtorkafo wmbt as otmacbl. Pmoroihro, A mbvo ofgbgo` af arhfy.

Af tbldafg bnhut tmafgs bs ragmt hr wrhfg, wo trbfslbto tmok afth b spmoro wmororagmt bf` wrhfg bro afòtorkafbnlo. Qot at as af tmo spmoro hi whr`s wmoro tmo stu`y hi Otmacs hporbtos. Wmof A ofgbgo af Otmacs, A tbld bnhut satubtahfs bf` whr`s ”af tmokaf`‑, fht pbrtaculbr satubtahfs ”af tmo whrl`‑. Bt nost, A tbld bnhut hfo pbrtaculbrsatubtahf, nut fht twh hr muf`ro`s (tmhugm af tmo whrl`, chuftloss satubtahfs brombppofafg sakultbfohusly). @otorkafafg irhk hfo wmbt as ufavorsblly ragmt ihr bll asakphssanlo. Pmhso afvhlvo` cbf hfly tbdo cbro hi tmoar gavof satubtahf. Af ibct, tmoy‑rotmo hfly hfos wmh cbf ovof ufòrstbf` at (ihr hfly tmoy cbf dfhw tmo ”gbko‑ tmoy broofgbgo` af). Pmas asf‑t th clbak wo cbffht sby tmbt ”sox trbiiacdafg‑ hr ”kuròr as wrhfg‑,hfly tmbt afàvaùbls cbffht òtorkafo wmacm pbrtaculbr satubtahfs chfstatuto ”kuròr‑

vorsus ”dallafg‑, ”rbpo‑ vorsus ”sox‑ (hr ovof ”focossbry sox‑), ufloss tmoy bro pbrtaculbrlyafvhlvo` (tmhugm tmas `hosf‑t kobf tmoro cbffht no b systok hi justaco bf` lbws, bs wallno oxphufò` uphf).

YAA

Otmacs, ny oiafatahf, ufavorsblazos pbrtaculbrataos, bf` sh bnstrbcts atsoli irhktmo pbrtaculbrataos wmoro tmo otmacbl okorgos. At `hos tmas tmrhugm spobdafg bnhut wmbtcbffht no àscusso`. Pmo quostahf ”as at ovor ragmt th kuròr8‑ trobts tmo bct hi kuròr bs

ai tmo chfcopt cbf no bnstrbcto` irhk pbrtaculbr afstbfcos af wmacm kuròr as chkkatto`(bf` sh tof`s th nlur tmo whr` ”kuròr‑ watm ”dall‑). Ai A smhht bf brko` shlàor wmh astmrobtofafg th dall ky iraof`, at cbf no sba` tmbt A‑vo chkkatto` kuròr, nut ai af tmas bcttmo rulos hi tmo ”gbko‑ woro fht sucm tmbt smhhtafg tmas shlaòr chfstatuto` kuròr nutòiofso (ihr oxbkplo), sucm b clbak whul` no wrhfg (tmhugm pormbps ragmt rolbtavo thshko bnstrbct tmohry). Af b àiioroft yot aòftacbl scofbrah, tmo rulos chul` no àiioroft,bf` mofco tmo bct wrhfg. _ltakbtoly, hfo chul` chko up watm of`loss myphtmotacblsatubtahfs (Otmacblly). Bf` tmo phaft as tmbt hfo chul`, af ibct, chko up watm of`loss”wmbt ais‑. Nut fh myphtmotacbl satubtahfs oxast af tmo whrl`: tmoy bll oxast af tmo kaf`. Aftmo whrl`, tmoro bro pbrtaculbrataos bf` gavof afstbfcos watm gavof rulos bf` aftoftahfsnotwoof tmhso afvhlvo`, rolbtavo th wmacm tmo hnjoctavo ragmt bf` wrhfg cbf no

òtorkafo`. Otmacs, rbtmor tmbf oquap pohplo th no propbro` ihr tmas, hitof oquapspohplo th lavo af tmoar mob`s.

Jhmf ^bwls cbko up watm b myphtmotacbl satubtahf cbllo` ”tmo voal hi agfhrbfco‑af hròr th ostbnlasm b myphtmotacbl chftrbct rolbtavo th wmacm pohplo chul` òtorkafotmo otmacbl. ^bwls justaiao` tmas bct ny clbakafg at as hfly tmrhugm b myphtmotacbl chftrbcttmbt b scofbrah cbf no akbgafo` af wmacm tmo aòbls hi buthfhky bf` rocaprhcaty cbf noroblazo` watmhut noafg suscoptanlo th chftafgofcaos (lado nartm, gofos, otc.). Pmo aòbnomaf` ”tmo voal hi agfhrbfco‑ as tmbt ai pohplo woro nhrf fht dfhwafg wmacm gofos,shcahochfhkac stbtus, sdalls, otc. tmoy whul` afmoroft uphf nartm, bf` chul` cmhhsooatmor th no nhrf afth b whrl` af wmacm ovoryhfo nogbf oqublly hr tbdo b gbknlo hf

afoqublaty, tmof pohplo whul` cmhhso oqublaty. Pmoroihro, th roblazo tmas aòbl, shcaoty askhrbl af àstranutafg wobltm. Buthfhky oftbals afàvaùbl lanorty, wmalo rocaprhcaty as bkutubl aftorcmbfgo bgroo` th ny buthfhkhus afàvaùbls. Safco th ^bwls afàvaùbls





?>

whrl`, tmo hfo tmbt‑s sh mbr` th no prosoft af, ga vos us wmbt pmalhshpmors sood af tmobnstrbct. Wo hfly mbvo th whrry bnhut chftafgofcaos wmof wo try th Hnjoctaiy tmohnjoctavo, wmacm rosults af chfiusahf.

Ai shkohfo sagfs b chftrbct tmbt rosults af mak lhsafg ovorytmafg bf` wbs ihrco`th sagf at ny b nbfdor khro phworiul tmof maksoli (b nbfdor wmh hfly mbs tmbt phwornocbuso mo afmorato` at irhk mas ibkaly), nhtm hi tmok bro gualty hi spofàfg tako fht

molpafg suiiorafg cmal`rof. Nhtm bro (ak)khrbl, bf` tmas as tmo ihuf`btahf uphf wmacm wo kust òcaò ai tmo bct hi tmo nbfdor as akkhrbl hr fht. As at akkhrbl/(ak)khrbl hrjust (ak)khrbl8 At òpof`s hf yhur khrbl tmohry, bf` ovof ai at‑s wrhfg, `hos tmas kobfovory chftrbct as wrhfg8 At òpof`s hf tmo pbrtaculbr chftrbct bf` carcukstbfco: hfocbf fovor goforblazo irhk b pbrtaculbr. Ovof ai at as wrhfg, at‑s wrhfg tmbt shkohfoà`f‑t molp tmo phhr porshf irhk gottafg afth tmas satubtahf af tmo iarst plbco4 at‑s wrhfgtmbt shkohfo à`f‑t iaro tmo nbfdor4 at‑s wrhfg tmbt tmhso cmal`rof bro stall fht rocoavafgmolp4 at‑s wrhfg tmbt phvorty oxasts –

Bf` sh hf.Ovory satubtahf as chkpraso` hi muf`ro`s hi àkofsahfs, obcm hi wmacm cbf no

bnstrbcto` irhk tmo wmhlo bf` plbco` watmaf b àcmhthky hi ”ragmt bf` wrhfg‑, rosultafgaf bnstrbctahf. Af trutm, at asf‑t akkhrbl ihr tmo nbfdor th tbdo bll tmo kbf‑s phssossahfs ai tmhso woro tmo torks hi tmo ”gbko‑ uphf wmacm nhtm pbrtaos bgroo`, nut tmbt `hosf‑tkobf at asf‑t uflbwiul (ai sh ostbnlasmo` ny tmo shcaoty). Blsh, ovofts bf` tmochfsoquofcos hi tmhso ovofts bro sopbrbto tmafgs. Bf ovoft cbf no khrbl rolbtavo thatsoli, nut ats chfsoquofcos cbf no akkhrbl: kobfs bf` of`s mbvo th no oxbkafo`sopbrbtoly. Pmhugm at as khrbl hr ”ragmt‑ ihr tmo kbf th lhso ovorytmafg, tmbt `hosf‑tkobf ”lhsafg ovorytmafg‑ bs b chfsoquofco as ragmt af bf` hi atsoli.= Bf` ai b shcaoty shkbdos tmo lbws, tmo nbfdor‑s chftrbct cbf no lbwiul, nut at cbf no uflbwiul ihr tmo phhrkbf th no loit watm fhtmafg. Pmo shcaoty tmof as logblly hnlagbto` th àstranuto wobltm thtmo phhr kbf uftal mas satubtahf as akprhvo`.

Ph roturf th ^bwls, at smhul` no fhto` tmbt mo wbs ultakbtoly wratafg th justaiyostbnlasmafg b khrbl nbcdnhfo ihr àstranutafg wobltm. Af `hafg sh, mo chfiuso` khrblaty(wmacm cbffht no bnstrbcto` irhk pbrtaculbrataos) watm lbw (bs wall no oxphufò` uphf).

Pmoro cbf no fh otmacbl nbcdnhfo ihr astranutafg wobltm, nocbuso tmo otmacbl cbf hflyno ostbnlasmo` notwoof pbrtaculbrataos, fht bcrhss kultaplacataos.

Nut astranutask `hosf‑t foo` sucm b nbcdnhfo.Ai tmo lbw sbys ”x wall gavo y porcoft th z‑, at as tmof ”lbwiul‑ th `h sh bf`

”uflbwiul‑ fht th – wmotmor hr fht at‑s khrbl as b sochf`bry (ai fht arrolovbft) quostahf. Wmotmor at smhul` no tmo lbw tmbt tbxos smhul` no àstranuto` rolbtavo th afchko smhul`no òtorkafo` rolbtavo th wmotmor tmo prhcoss bctublly bcmaovos ats of`, ai tmhsoàstranutafg tmo wobltm cbf bctublly `h sh, ai at bctublly olakafbtos phvorty, otc. Ai

àstranutafg tbxos `hosf‑t whrd, tmof at smhul`f‑t no `hfo. Wmotmor tmo afatabtavo asotmacbl as nosaò tmo phaft: sucm b chfsaòrbtahf just chfiusos tmo quostahf. Wmbt kbttorsas wmotmor hr fht tmo afatabtavo whrds.

YAAA

Safco ufavorsbl otmacs bro akphssanlo, shcaotaos crobto lbws, wmacm iufctahfsakalbrly bf` ufavorsblly. Pmo ”uflbwiul‑ bf` tmo ”akkhrbl‑ bro fht tmo sbko tmafg,tmhugm tmoy bro chfstbftly chfilbto`. Mhwovor, hfco b shcaoty pbssos lbws, tmo”uflbwiul‑ bf` tmo ”akkhrbl‑ korgo rolbtavo th tmo stbto bf` ghvorfkoft, lado twh ravors

tmbt crhss bf` tmof ruf thgotmor. ôlbtavo th shcaoty, uflado notwoof pohplo, ”tmo ragmttmafg‑ as òtorkafo` ny lbws. Hi churso, ai tmoro woro fh lbws bgbafst kuròr, kuròr whul` stall no kur or, nut af wmbt sofso chul` at no sba` th no akkhrbl8 Af tmo sofso



?3

tmbt b porshf as nhrf fht th no kuròro` bf` sh ”at asf‑t iattafg‑8 Nut chul` wo sby tmbtpohplo brof‑t nhrf th kuròr htmors8 Chfsoquoftly, chul`f‑t tmo purphso hi shko no thafirafgo uphf tmo lavos hi htmors8 Chul` wo roblly ovor no suro tmbt kuròr as akkhrbl8As tmas oxbkplo sh oxtroko, chfsaòrafg Fbturbl Soloctahf8 Wo kby ”dfhw‑ kuròr as

wrhfg, nut watmhut tmo ihrco hi lbw, wmbt chul` wo `h bnhut at htmor tmbf tbdo tmo lbwafth hur hwf mbf`s8 Bf` ai wo cbf‑t `h bfytmafg , mhw cbf wo ostbnlasm bf bctubl

àiiorofco notwoof proiorofcos lado ”pacdlos bro nb`‑ bf` otmacbl chfvactahfs lado ”lyafg asnb`‑. Pmoroihro, ai at wbsf‑t bgbafst tmo lbw, chul` wo sby kuròr as wrhfg af bfykobfafgiul hr woagmty sofso81

Kbyno. Wmbt as lbwiul as rolbtavo th tmo shcaoty bf` tmo lbws at mbs ostbnlasmo`. ôlbtavo

th b gavof shcaoty, wmbt as uflbwiul as hnjoctavoly wrhfg. Bs watm porshfbl aftorbctahfs,fh Hnjoctavo Nbsas as fooò`. Mhwovor, wmof hfo shcaoty ofchuftors bfhtmor bf`bfhtmor sot hi lbws, prossafg quostahfs okorgo. Safco Hnjoctavaty as akphssanlo rolbtavo thmukbfaty, mhw tmas grby zhfo as hvorchko as tmhugm htmor kotmh`s, sucm bs ochfhkacsbf` wbr.25

Lbw as b khro chfcroto bf` sunstbftavo stu`y hr khrblaty tmbf Otmacs. Hichurso, wmbt b shcaoty òcaòs wall no tmo lbw as rolbtavo th wmbt tmo shcaoty tmafds asragmt, nut mbs Otmacs truly ovor molpo` b shcaoty wrato lbws8 @a` fht ^hko, tmo HtthkbfOkparo, otc. oxast noihro Dbft bf` Lhcdo8 Asf‑t at khro sh hur ”gut‑ wmacm àctbtos tmolbws wo wrato, bs Dbft‑s ”gut‑ wbs mhw mo òtorkafo` wmacm prokasos th òiof` af PmoGrhuf`whrd 8 @hosf‑t Otmacs ihllhw hur ”gut‑, fht tmo htmor wby brhuf`8 Otmacs kbymolp us brtaculbto hur ”gut‑, bs at kby blsh chfiuso us, nut at asf‑t Otmacs tmbt, afatablly,òtorkafos wmbt b shcaoty pbssos afth b lbw, nut rbtmor Bftmrhphlhgy bf` Hfthlhgy bro,ihr tmoso bro tmo stuàos tmrhugm wmacm pohplo òtorkafo wmbt chfstatutos tmoar ”guy‑bf` wmy.

Ai A bsd ”`hos kbf mbvo ufblaofbnlo ragmts8‑, A‑k bsdafg bf Hfthlhgacbl bf`

Bftmrhphlhgacbl quostahf tao` th tmo quostahf ”wmbt as kbf8‑. A kby tmafd A‑k bsd afg bfOtmacbl quostahf, nut A‑k hfly `hafg sh sochf`braly. Ai A bsd ”as kuròr wrhfg8‑, tmobfswor as chftafgoft uphf wmbt A tmafd ”kbf as‑ (sucm bs ”b noafg watm b ragmt th laio‑).

Bgbaf, tmo quostahf as Hfthlhgacbl bf` hfly Otmacbl sochf`braly. Lbw okorgos irhkHfthlhgy, bf` Otmacs as tmo tork wo cbll tmas tmhugmt prhcoss rotrhspoctavoly.

Ruostahfs lado ”as kuròr wrhfg8‑ bf` ”smhul` wo tbx tmo racm8‑ bro akphrtbftquostahfs bf` smhul` no bsdo`. Mhwovor, at smhul` no ufòrsthh` tmbt tmoso quostahfsbro khro Bftmrhphlhgacbl bf` Hfthlhgacbl tmbf tmoy bro Otmacbl, bf` tmbt at as nygrbspafg tmo noafg hi tmafgs, wmacm as pbrtaculbr bf` chfcroto rbtmor tmbf myphtmotacblbf` bnstrbct, tmbt tmoso thugm quostahfs cbf no surkhufto`.

A]

Nut cbf wo ovor dfhw ”wmbt as kbf‑8 Cbf Hfthlhgacbl quostahfs ovor nobfsworo`8

Fht Hnjoctavoly, nut wo khst cortbafly cbf wrato `hwf b òiafatahf af bàctahfbry. @actahfbraos bro tmo shcabl chftrbct bt tmo rhht hi bll shcaotaos. Pmo HO@ as b@oclbrbtahf hi Afòpofòfco.

Pmbt‑s bnsur`. Bnshlutoly. Nut tmbt‑s bll wo mbvo. Ai yhu wbft th stu`y Otmacs, at‑s sofsanlo th

rob` b àctahfbry. Qhu‑ll lobrf khro bnhut tmo khrbl laio irhk tmo HO@ tmbf irhk Pmo

Grhuf`whrd. Pmbt‑s bnsur`. @hos tmbt kbdo tmo pohplo wmh wrato àctahfbraos Gh`8



?0

Iarst, tmoy cbf hfly no lado Gh` ai Gh` Oxasts, bf` sochf`, tmoy‑ro ”Gh`-lado‑,bs bro tmo pohplo wmh wrato lbws. Bs wmbt wo cbll ”uflbwiul‑ as wmbt ghos bgbafst tmo lbw,sh wmbt as akkhrbl as wmbt ghos bgbafst hur òiafatahf hi kbf.

Mhw `h wo òcaò tmbt òiafatahf8Af tmo sbko wby wo òcaò lbws: wo vhto hf at (hr bt lobst shkohfo `hos).

Wmy `h wo vhto tmo wby wo `h bf` mhw8

Ovoryhfo mbs b àiioroft bfswor, ospocablly tmo rolagahus. Pmoro as fh HnjoctavoNbsas (bt lobst wmacm mukbfaty cbf chfcoptublazo) ihr àscroàtafg bfy hi tmok, fhr astmoro bf hnjoctavo nbsas, ihr tmas stop chkos noihro bfy ”gbko‑ as ostbnlasmo` (at noafg tmostop tmbt òtorkafos wmbt ”gbko‑ shcaoty plbys ).

Sh, wmy `h wo òcaò hf tmo òiafatahf tmbt wo `h8At òpof`s hf wmbtovor as nost ”iattafg‑. Ihr fhw, bll tmbt cbf no sba` ihr suro as

tmbt ”shkotmafg‑ okorgos hrgbfacblly tmrhugm tako.As tmbt ”shkotmafg‑ tmo ”ragmt‑ bfswor8 At‑s foatmor ragmt fhr wrhfg (tmbt noafg bf bnstrbctafg àcmhthky): at just oxasts.

Otmacs kbdos tmbt oxastofco mbròr th roblazo, cuttafg at hii irhk us vab àcmhthkaos,bnstrbctahfs, ”wmbt ais‑, otc. Af tmas sofso, bs lhfg bs at `hosf‑t kbdo us loss crobtavo, tmo_f-Otmacbl laio as nottor.

]

Mukalaty as tmo hfly mhpo ihr Otmacs. Ai at as rochgfazo` tmbt Otmacs as nostufòrsthh` bs Hfthlhgy, Otmacs wall khvo thwbr`s clobr òiafatahf bf` kobfafgiulfoss.Ihr fhw, wmofovor tmo ravor hi Otmacs crhssos watm tmo ravor hi Hfthlhgy, Otmacsbcmaovos kobfafgiulfoss, nut wmof tmoso ravors pbrt, Otmacs bgbaf lhsos ats òiafatahf.

Pmo shhfor at as rochgfazo` tmbt tmoso ravors blwbys nolhfg thgotmor, tmo shhfor Otmacs wall sthp hscallbtafg af bf` hut hi kobfafg.

Ai tmhso af Otmacs ufòrstbf` tmoy bro (ak)khrbl, tmoy wall mbvo b grhuf`whrdirhk wmacm th ofgbgo watm tmo robl whrl`. Pmof, stuòfts hi Otmacs wall no bnlo th kbdob àiiorofco.

Af rochgfazafg tmbt wo bro bll (ak)khrbl, wo bro bll nottor oquappo` th lavo watmat.



??

Hf Wbft bf` Bwo

Ovoryhfo mbs b soli4 chfsoquoftly, bll bcts bro soli-asm bf` fh bct as soli-loss. Bcchràfg th khrblasts, wo brof‑t th bct soliasmly, nut at as fht phssanlo ihr bfyhfo th bct watmhut bfy chfsaòrbtahf hi, hr chffoctahf watm, mas hr mor soli. At as àiiacult th akbgafoovof wmbt at kobfs th bct watmhut hfo‑s soli, ihr, ovof ai hfo woro th bnbf`hf mas hr mor

soli, sucm bf bct whul` no `hfo tmrhugm tmo soli. Pmoroihro, at as fht molpiul th tbld hi bfoo` th bvha` ”soliasmfoss‑4 rbtmor, at as khro vblubnlo th spobd hi b foo` th lavo af b stbtohi ”bwo‑ bf` ”tmbfdsgavafg‑.

Chkkhfly, at as àiiacult th toll tmo àiiorofco notwoof khrbl bf` akkhrbl wbfts: lbfgubgo chfstbftly chfilbtos tmo twh. Mhwovor, ai hfo kbaftbafs b stbto higrbtoiulfoss bf` doops mas hr mor soli irhk slappafg afth b sofso hi oftatlokoft, irhkchkpbrafg mas hr mor soli watm htmors, irhk iobr bf` nhro`hk, otc., hfo wall mbvo wbftstmbt roiloct b lhvafg sparat. Pmo wbfts hi b lhvafg wall bro ghh`, sh mhw `hos hfotrbfsihrk tmo wall sh tmbt mo hr smo cbf lhvo irooly watmhut iobr hi wbftafg wrhfgly8

Wmof tmo soli as puro, tmo soli-asm laio as ghh`, bf` at as tmo sparat hi tmbfdsgavafg tmbt

puraiaos tmo soli.

A

Cmbrbctor nogots wbfts tmbt nofoiat tmo whrl`. Aòblly, hfo as foatmor soliasm fhrsoliloss4 rbtmor, b porshf wbfts th `h tmafgs tmbt nofoiat htmors. Pmof tmo soliasm bct as bsoliloss hfo.

Pmo walls bf` wbfts hi b ghh` porshf prhiat ovoryhfo. B ghh` porshf as bporshf watm cmbrbctor, nut wmbt as cmbrbctor8 Cmbrbctor kbfaiosts bs kbfy tmafgs, nut atas ossoftablly òiafo` ny grbtoiulfoss. Grbtoiulfoss as òopor tmbf just sbyafg ”tmbfd yhu‑4rbtmor, at porshfaiaos b lhvo hi laio, wmbtovor ihrk at kby tbdo. Cmbrbctor, wmof ibco`

watm tmo valost hi ovals, af lhvafg laio, òkbf`s justaco bf` b ragmtafg hi tmbt oval (tmhugmmhw tmbt kbfaiosts òpof`s). Pmo hfo wmh chknbts afjustaco lhvos laio, nut tmo hfo wmhhfly chknbts mas hr mor aòb hi afjustaco lhvos hfly bf aòb hi laio. Cmbrbctor, tmoroihro,af hròr th lhvo laio, roquaros àscorfkoft bf` was`hk. Mhw tmas as bcquaro` as pbrtaculbrth obcm porshf.

Af b whrl` wmoro bll afàvaùbls mbvo cmbrbctor bf` tmus lavo af b stbto hitmbfdsgavafg, wbft as blwbys ghh`. Pmoro, wbfts bro blwbys ”tmbfdiul- wbfts‑, nut af hurakporioct whrl`, tmoro bro hitof ”tmbfdloss- wbfts‑. Pmbfdiul-wbfts ofbnlo b porshf thkbdo tmo khst hi tmo prosoft khkoft, wmalo tmbfdloss-wbfts bnstrbct bf afàvaùbl(usublly watm okhtahfbl rbkaiacbtahfs) afth b stbto tmbt àsrogbr`s tmo prosoft afproiorofco ihr b fhf-oxastoft stbto (iuturo, pbst, akbgafbry, otc.).

At as fht sh kucm wbfts tmbt bro ghh` hr nb` nut tmo àsphsatahf b wbft chkosirhk. Ai hfo wbfts th no kbrrao` nocbuso mo as grbtoiul ihr tmo hpphrtufaty th sorvo mas

waio, mas wbft as ghh`. Mhwovor, tmo khst pahus hi wbfts, wmof hut hi b àsphsatahf hioftatlokoft hr ovof hnsossahf, as nb` bf` phashfhus.

Pmo prhnlok watm tmbfdloss-wbfts as tmbt tmoy bnstrbct b porshf afth mas hr morkaf` irhk hut hi tmo prosoft bf` bctubl whrl`. Af lavafg af b stbto hi bnstrbctahf bf` yotnoafg af tmo whrl` (mofco crobtafg b àvaò notwoof tmo twh), tmo afàvaùbl sots mas hrmor soli up ihr fourhsas, `hunlo-kafò`foss, bf` chftrbàctahf. Bfytmafg tmbt bnstrbctsof`bfgors. Pmas asf‑t th sby hfo cbffht bscrano th wmbt, rolbtavo th us, as bnstrbct, hflytmbt hfo kust fht bscrano th tmbt wmacm bnstrbcts mas hr mor soli.

AA



?9

Arhfacblly, tmbfdloss-wbfts tof` th doop bwby tmbt wmacm as òsaro`. Pmas asnocbuso tmo hfo wmh tmbfdlossly-wbfts chkos th oknh`y bf bttatuò bf` àsphsatahf

wmacm ropols. Pmbfdloss-wbfts bro rhhto` af b daf` hi iobr tmbt wmbt as wbfto` wall fhtno bcmaovo` (hr wall fht no bcmaovo` shhf ofhugm), bf` wmbt hfo iobrs tof`s th no wmbtchkos ufth b porshf (ùo th mhw tmoar fbturo, bctahfs, bf` bttatuòs chfsoquoftlycmbfgo). Ai yhu tmbfdlossly-wbft th got kbrrao`, yhu wall tbdo hf bf bttatuò tmbt wall

ropol yhur nolhvo`4 ai yhu tmbfdiully-wbft kbrrabgo, yhu wall bttrbct yhur nolhvo` clhsor(blhfg watm tmo `bto hi tmo wo`àfg).

Af noafg tmbfdiul, tmo hfo wmh wbfts, af mbvafg cmbrbctor, wbfts tmbt wmacm asghh`. Af wbftafg ghh`, tmo wbft rosults af ghh`. Pmo porshf watm cmbrbctor wmh wbfts`hosf‑t nochko òkbfàfg, akpbtaoft, ihrcoiul, otc.4 af ibct, safco tmo wbfts hi sucm bporshf bro ”tmbfdiul‑, tmo afàvaùbl‑s cmbrbctor bf` bttatuò bro kbò nottor ny tmok,

wmacm nofoiats foagmnhrs bf` htmors. B whrl` watmhut wbfts as b whrl tmbt whul` no foatmor ghh` fhr nb`. At whul`

no, af b sofso, whrso tmbf bf oval whrl`, ihr bf oval whrl` stall mbs b sofso hi ghh`. Ai hfochul` fht wall, hfo chul` fht wall tmo ghh`. Pmoroihro, tmo òlotahf hi wall bf` wbftsafth puro solilossfoss as fht tmo shlutahf. Af ibct, b truly soliloss whrl` as b whrl` watmhutbfy ghh`.

Fhw, hi churso, ai ny ”soliloss‑ hfo kobfs ”tmbfdiul- wbftafg‑, tmo tork as vbla`,nut at as akphrtbft tmbt tmo shcaoty as cbroiul th doop pohplo irhk tmafdafg tmbt mbvafg bsoli, bf` sh bfy daf` hi wbft, as nb`. Pmbfdiul-wbfts bro tmo hfly wby tmoro cbf no bfyghh` bf` tmbt bfytmafg kobfafgiul cbf no `hfo. Ai b shcaoty rojocts tmbfdiul-wbfts afrojoctafg bll wbfts, b shcaoty ultakbtoly rojocts ovorytmafg tmbt kbdos at ghh`.

AAA

Af oknh`yafg b sparat hi tmbfdsgavafg, hfo wall òvolhp cmbrbctor bf` mas hr mor

wbfts wall no chftafublly puraiao`4 iurtmorkhro, tmo afàva ubl wall no glb` bf` tmbfdiulihr tmo prhcoss. Ihr tmo hfo wmh wbfts th no kbrrao`, tmas wall afcrobso bttrbctavofoss,bf` ovof ai sucm b porshf ultakbtoly `hosf‑t got kbrrao`, sucm b porshf wall stall blwbysgot wmbt mo hr smo wbfts. Pmas as nocbuso tmo grbtoiul porshf as hfo wmh iuf`bkoftblly

wbfts ”wmbtovor as nost‑ hr ”chko wmbt kby‑, bf` tmhugm tmbt porshf kby tmafd tmbtoftbals kbrrabgo, ai ultakbtoly tmbt turfs hut fht th no tmo cbso, tmo grbtoiul porshf wallstall no grbtoiul. Af mbvafg òvolhpo` cmbrbctor bf` àscorfkoft, tmo grbtoiul porshf wallmbvo robshf th dfhw tmas as nost bf` mofco th dfhw tmbt mo hr smo stall rocoavo`”wmbtovor as nost‑, wmacm as iuf`bkoftblly tmo òsaro hi tmo grbtoiul porshf‑s mobrt.

Blhfg tmo jhurfoy hi laio, tmoro as b sofso af wmacm grbtoiulfoss cmbfgos tmo wallhi b porshf af b kbffor tmbt doops tmbt porshf irhk ovor wbftafg wmbt tmbt porshf

cbffht mbvo. Qot tmo grbtoiul porshf‑s wall `hosf‑t sh kucm cmbfgo bs at as clbraiao`.Iuf`bkoftblly, mas hr mor wall rokbafs chfstbft, tmhugm tmo porshf kby tmafd tmbtyostor`by mas hr mor wall wbs ihr kbrrabgo wmof bctublly at wbs ihr ”wmbtovor as nost‑.

Bppobrbfcos cmbfgo, nut fht iuf`bkoftbls. At sakply wbsf‑t uftal lbtor tmbt tmo porshfmb` tmo clbraty (gbafo` tmbfds th oxporaofco bf` àscorfkoft tmrhugm cmhhsafgtmbfdiulfoss) th rochgfazo tmbt ”wmbtovor as nost‑ as wmbt mo hr smo bctublly wbfto` bllblhfg.

At as àiiacult th bctavoly stop afth b sparat hi tmbfdsgavafg, ihr tmas stop kust notbdof bt b tako wmof b porshf mbs noof òfao` wmbt mo hr smo wbfts. Grbtatuò as kobfafgiully robcmo` tmrhugm àsbpphaftkoft. Pmas as nocbuso uftal b porshf as òfao`

wmbt mo hr smo wbfts, ”tmbfdiulfoss‑ as afòiafbnlo irhk ”mbppafoss‑. Wmbt chfstatutos”tmbfdiulfoss‑ cbf hfly no clobrly òtorkafo` wmof tmoro sooks th no fhtmafg ihr wmacmth no tmbfdiul hr wmof tmoro as fhtmafg th stakulbto hfo afth tmafdafg tmbt àsphsatahf as



?7

wmbt htmors oxpoct. ”Pmbfdiulfoss‑, wmof òiafbnlo, as b cmhaco (òspato tmocarcukstbfco), wmalo sbyafg ”tmbfd yhu‑ bitor shkohfo `hos shkotmafg tmbt kbdos yhumbppy as b robctahf wmacm as afòiafbnlo irhk tmo okhtahf hi mbppafoss.

Safco tmbfdiulfoss, wmof khst kobfafgiul, as cmhsof ùrafg takos wmoftmbfdiulfoss sooks lobst wbrrbfto`, noafg tmbfdiul oftbals mbvafg bf` òvolhpafgcmbrbctor. Wmof hfo cmhhsos th stop afth b sparat hi tmbfdsgavafg ùrafg b tako hi

àsbpphaftkoft, su`òfly bppobrbfcos cmbfgo bf` mas hr mor wall as clbraiao`. Pmo porshftmof iaf`s tmbt mo hr smo wbsf‑t òfao` bfytmafg, ihr tmo porshf iaf`s tmbt mo hr smo fhlhfgor wbfts wmbt mo hr smo `hosf‑t mbvo: tmo porshf walls wmbt as prosoft. Pmas asf‑t thsby tmbt at as afmoroftly wrhfg th òsaro tmbt b lbto rolbtavo woro stall blavo hr tmbt b trbgo`y

whul`f‑t mbvo hccurro`, hfly tmbt sucm b òsaro kustf‑t bnstrbct hfo irhk tmo prosoft hrruaf bf afàvaùbl‑s sparat hi tmbfdsgavafg. At as bctublly ùrafg tmoso cmbllofgafg takos

wmof grbtatuò ihr laio cbf no khst kobfafgiul, ihr at as khst cmbllofgafg th cultavbto. Btmbfdiul porshf, tmhugm mo hr smo kby lhso tmafgs, asf‑t crapplo` ny lhss.

AY

”Bwo‑ as spoocmloss tmbfdiulfoss. At as b stbto af wmacm tmo soli as ihrghttof yottmo wall as moagmtofo`. Ph no af bwo hi shkotmafg as th wbft at, yot fht hut hi b òsaro thphssoss at – at as fht sh kucm tmo tmafg bs at as tmo oxporaofco hi tmbt tmafg tmbt as wbfto`.

Ph no af bwo as th wbft tmo khkoft af wmacm tmo ”bwo-iull‑ tmafg as nomol` th lbstihrovor.

Ph tmbfdiully-wbft b tmafg as th no af bwo hi at. Iurtmorkhro, th tmbfdiully- wbft tmo iuturo as th òsaro ihr tmo iuturo th rokbaf tmo iuturo bf` ihr tmo prosoft throkbaf tmo prosoft: at as th òsaro ihr tmo khkoft af wmacm tmo iuturo as tmhugmt hi th noOtorfblazo`. Ai hfo wbfts th no kbrrao` irhk b stbto hi bwo bf` tmbfdiulfoss, tmooxporaofco hi wbftafg tmas wall no ofjhyo` af bf` hi atsoli, rbtmor tmbf cbuso akpbtaofco

bf`, chfsoquoftly, fogbtavo bttatuòs bf` okhtahfs. Hf tmo htmor mbf`, ai hfo aspbrblyzo` ny tmo tmhugmt hi fht gottafg kbrrao`, bs b shrt hi ”rovorso bwo‑, tmo iuturo wallsuspof` tmo porshf. ^btmor tmbf bwo-iull, tmas as bf bwiul stbto.

Ph no af bwo hi shkotmafg tmbt as yot th no as th wbft ihr at th rokbaf ”yot thno‑. Hi churso, sucm b iroozafg as akphssanlo, ihr tako wall ilhw rogbr`loss. Chfsoquoftly,af wbftafg tmo bwo-iull iuturo th rokbaf atsoli (bs `h bll watm b sparat hi tmbfdsgavafg bf`lhvo hi laio), tmo iuturo wall stall su`òfly chko ufth tmo afàvaùbl. Bf` sh tmoakphssanlo wall sook th hccur bf` tmo porshf wall chko th phssoss wmbt mo hr smo à`fht wbft th phssos: b soli-asm of` wall no bcmaovo` watmhut soliasm òsaro4 tmo porshf wallno soli-asm, yot soliloss. Af bwo, tmo nhròr notwoof bltruask bf` buthfhky nrobds `hwf.

Ph tmbfdiully-wbft as th lavo ”thwbr`‑ pmofhkofb bs ai tmoy bro bll whrtmy hi

bwo. Wmotmor tmoy bro bwo-iull hr fht `hosf‑t cmbfgo tmo oxporaofco. Af tmas sofso, thlavo tmbfdiully-wbftafg as th lavo af b stbto hi mukalaty: at as th lavo bs ai wmbt hfooxporaofcos as blwbys grobtor tmbf hfo‑s soli bf` sh bnhvo mas hr mor ju`gkofts,fogbtavaty, otc.

Y

Bwo, afmoroftly tmbfdiul bf` walliul, as wmbt kbdos tmo whrl` whfòriul, fhtsolilossfoss. Pmo tork ”solilossfoss‑ as thh akprocaso th nofoiat mukbfaty, bs ”bltruask‑, afakplyafg tmbt buthfhky as akkhrbl, thh robàly chfiusos tmhso wmh wbft th no ibkhus

ihr òsagfafg b wbtor-puraiyafg systok tmbt nofoiats kallahfs.Lavo tmbfdiully thwbr` tmo prosoft, bwo-iully thwbr` tmo iuturo.



?=

Lavo af bwo thwbr` wmbt yhu `hf‑t mbvo, ihr th lavo watmhut tmbfdsgavafg as thsphal wmbt yhu wbft ( wmacm as wmbt yhu `hf‑t wbft ). Ph wbft shkotmafg cbf no tmo vorytmafg tmbt ruafs wmbt yhu‑ro bitor.

Wbft wmbt `hosf‑t bnstrbct yhu (afth `hunlo-kafò`foss hr ”splat-porshfmhh`‑).

Wbft hfly ihr wmbt yhu bro grbtoiul.





95

B porshf lados bfhtmor wmof mo hr smo iools phsatavoly brhuf` shkohfo, ihr wmh tmbt afàvaùbl as, af tmo prosoft. Hf tmo htmor mbf`, b porshf lhvos bfhtmor wmofmo hr smo stbys watm tmbt afàvaùbl notwoof afstbfcos hi phsatavaty. Af htmor whr`s, thlhvo shkohfo as th rokbaf chkkatto` th b porshf notwoof tmo takos wmof mo hr smo asladbnlo. Pmoroihro, ”lhvo‑ as b àstafctavoly kobfafgiul tork ùrafg tmo takos wmof yhu`hf‑t lado shkohfo. Phwbr` tmo pohplo yhu blwbys lado, at‑s mbr` th òiafo yhur ”lhvo‑

irhk yhur ”ladafg‑. Af b wby, yhu cbffht kobfafgiully sby yhu lhvo pohplo wmh yhublwbys lado.

AA

Ai ny ”A lhvo yhu‑ A kobf ”A‑ll put up watm yhu wmof yhu `hf‑t kbdo ko mbppyuftal yhu `h bgbaf‑, ”lhvo‑ cbffht no clobrly òiafo` irhk ”thlorbfco‑. Blsh, af sucm bfafstbfco, lhvo as bgbaf _talatbrabf, ihr at trobts htmors lado koàcafo watm saò oiiocts. At as`huntiul tmbt lhvo whul` no bs phpulbr bs at as ai lhvo woro, af ossofco, b ”thlorbnlokoàcafo‑. Pmhugm at as robshfbnlo th nolaovo tmbt ”A lhvo yhu‑ `hosf‑t kobf ”A thlorbtoyhu‑, at kust stall oftbal shko daf` hi chkkatkoft bf` thlorbtahf, wmacm as focossbrynocbuso pohplo cmbfgo.

Ph thlorbto shkohfo as th no pbssavo: at òkbf`s fhtmafg khro irhk b porshf tmof chfsoft. A thlorbto shkohfo scrobkafg bt ko ai A `hf‑t scrobk nbcd. Bgbaf, ai lhvokobfs sakply th fht robct ùrafg tmo takos A `hf‑t lado pohplo uftal tmoy‑ro ladobnlobgbaf, ”lhvo‑ as afòiafbnlo irhk ”thlorbfco‑. Ph mbvo kobfafg, ”lhvo‑ kust no bctavo bf`sagfaiy shkotmafg khro.

AAA

Ph sby ”A lhvo yhu‑ roquaros tmbt A dfhw wmh yhu bro ihr tmo stbtokoft th no

kobfafgiul. Qot, A cbf hfly dfhw wmh yhu bro, truly, ai A bk yhu. Safco tmas asf‑tphssanlo, A cbf hfly lhvo ky aòb hi yhu. Safco yhu cmbfgo tmrhugm tako, tmas aòb kustchfstbftly b`bpt th bccurbtoly blagf watm yhur aòftaty. Blsh, safco aòbs tof` th nostbgfbft bf` iaxo`, A kust chfscahusly cmbfgo tmbt aòb th kbtcm wmh yhu nochko,

w macm roquaros oiihrt. Ai A ibal th `h tmoso tmafgs, wmof A sby ”A lhvo yhu‑, A‑ll no tbldafgkhro th wmh yhu woro tmbf th wmh yhu bro.

Ai A sottlo watm ky aòb hi yhu rbtmor tmbf whrd tmbt aòb afth kbtcmafg yhurbctublaty, A wall sottlo watm fht lhvafg wmh yhu bro (fhw). Bctublly lhvafg yhu oftbalskhvafg noyhf` ky aòb hi yhu thwbr` yhur truo soli. Bt tmo sbko tako, bf aòb hi yhutmbt A mbvo fhw wmacm kbtcmos yhur prosoft bctublaty wall fht focossbraly kbtcm tmobctublaty hi yhu b yobr irhk fhw. Ky lhvo kust chfstbftly cmbfgo bs yhu cmbfgo: ky

lhvo kust ihllhw yhu. Htmorwaso, b rbvafo wall ihrk notwoof tmo ”yhu‑ A lhvo bf` tmo”yhu‑ yhu bro. Wmof tmas rbvafo as rochgfazo` bf` A roblazo mhw ibr bwby irhk ko yhubro, A kby no mobrtnrhdof. Whrso yot, A kby nlbko yhu ihr lobvafg ko, wmof af ibct at

wbs ky ibult ihr fht ihllhwafg yhu bs A prhkaso`. Ai ”A lhvo yhu‑ `hosf‑t kobf ”A wallihllhw yhu afth wmhovor yhu nochko‑, ”A lhvo yhu‑ kobfs hfly ”A lado yhu (fhw)‑.

Nocbuso ky aòb hi yhu cbf fovor chkplotoly robcm yhur bctublaty (hfly mob`thwbr` at lado b curvo thwbr` bf bsykpthto lafo), ky lhvo ihr yhu as òstafo` ihrakporioctahf. Safco hfo lhvos bfhtmor af hròr th lhvo tmbt porshf‑s ”yhu‑, bf` nocbuso lhvo cbf fovor iully robcm tmas ”yhu‑, lhvo cbf fovor robcm ats shugmt of`. Ihr ”lhvo‑ th nokobfafgiul muknly, at kust no ufòrsthh` bs akphssanlo.

”Lhvo‑ kust no ufòrsthh` bs òstafo` th ibal.

AY



92

Ai af ”ihllhwafg yhu afth wmhovor yhu nochko‑ A lot yhu chkkat suacaò, A kbymbvo lhvo` yhu, nut at cbffht no sba` tmbt ky lhvo wbs ghh`. Qot ai ”lhvo‑ asf‑t ghh`,”lhvo‑ cbffht no clobrly òiafo` irhk ”mbto‑ hr ”àslado‑. Pmoroihro, wmalo lhvo ihllhws,lhvo kust blsh molp th guaò bfhtmor ”thwbr` tmo ghh`‑ bf` afth kbdafg tmo khst hi mashr mor soli. Qot, hfly tmbt porshf cbf dfhw wmh mo hr smo ”as‑ (bf` sh wmbt chfstatutos

”ghh` ihr tmbt porshf‑), wmacm as focossbry ihr dfhwafg mhw th kbdo tmo khst hi hfo‑slaio.> Pmoroihro, lhvo cbffht guaò watm b ”mbf`s hf‑ bpprhbcm, por so4 lhvo cbf hfly molpb porshf bsd mas hr mor soli ”wmh bk A8‑ bf` molp tmbt porshf iaf` tmo laio-gavafg bfsworihr mas hr mor soli. Lhvo cbffht prhvaò tmo bfswor, ihr lhvo cbffht dfhw tmo bfswor.Lhvo cbf hfly molp. Af tmas wby, lhvo as nhtm bctavo bf` pbssavo. Lhvo `hosf‑t oftbaltollafg b porshf tmbt mo hr smo smhul` `h tmas hr tmbt4 rbtmor, lhvo oftbals molpafg b porshfbsd mas hr mor soli wmbt mo hr smo smhul` `h bf` tmof lottafg tmbt porshf lavo hut tmobfswor tmbt as ihuf` watmaf.

Lhvo as ghh` wmof at molps shkohfo kbdo tmo khst hi tmoar truo soli, wmacmbfhtmor cbf fovor iully dfhw th bctublly lhvo. Af tmas sofso, wmof ghh`, lhvo ibals,sbcraiacablly, ihr lhvo molps bfhtmor crobto tmo truo soli wmacm lhvo lhfgs ihr, tmbt afmolpafg crobto, lhvo kbdos khro akphssanlo th robcm. Lhvo prhvaòs tmas sorvaco khstkobfafgiully wmof at `hosf‑t lado wmh lhvo sorvos.

Safco soli-àschvory tbdos tako, lhvo kust blsh no pbtaoft.

Y

Ai yhu bro shkohfo A lhvo nut wmof A `hf‑t lado yhu A bk kobf th yhu, at whul`f‑t no clobr wmbt tmo àiiorofco as notwoof tmo stbtokofts ”A aslado yhu‑ bf` ”Alhvo yhu‑. Hfly b gavof porshf cbf dfhw ai mo hr smo àslados bfhtmor ( bfhtmor‑sòcasahfs, bfhtmor‑s bttatuò, otc. )4 tmoroihro, hfo cbf fovor sby tmbt bfhtmor ”àslados‑

shkotmafg hr shkohfo. ^btmor, bll wo cbf `h as aftorprot cortbaf àsphsatahfs, robctahfs,hr bctahfs bs b sagf tmbt tmo porshf ”kby àslado‑ shkotmafg hr shkohfo. Ovory mukbf asblwbys rosphfsanlo ihr mas hr mor aftorprotbtahfs, sh hfo kust no cbroiul noihro tmafdafgtmbt bfhtmor àslados htmors, tmas, hr tmbt.

Mhwovor, at cbffht no agfhro` tmbt cortbaf bttatuòs, bctahfs, otc. chffhto, btlobst, àslado. Ai notwoof takos wmof yhu bro ladobnlo shkohfo `hosf‑t tbld th yhu, tmas

whul` sook th suggost tmbt tmo porshf ”àslados‑ yhu. Wmotmor hr fht tmas bctublly as tmocbso as nosaò tmo phaft. Ai notwoof khkofts hi ladbnalaty, tmo porshf tolls yhu tmbtyhu‑ro `hafg tmas hr tmbt wrhfg, at chul`f‑t no sba` kobfafgiully tmbt tmo porshf ”lhvosyhu‑ rbtmor tmbf ”àslados yhu‑ (ihr af tmbt khkoft, tmoro as fh clobr àiiorofco notwooftmo twh). Pmoroihro, ai ”A lhvo yhu‑ as th no kobfafgiul bf` robshfbnlo, tmo porshf kust

no sbyafg at thwbr` shkohfo wmh, wmof ufladbnlo, tmo spobdor bcts daf`ly thwbr`. Lhvotmof, as daf`.

YA

Hfly b gavof porshf cbf dfhw wmof mo hr smo as tryafg th no daf`, sh hfo cbffovor sby ihr suro tmbt bfhtmor as daf` hr ufdaf`. ^btmor, hfo cbf hfly sby ihr suro tmbtbfhtmor as ”chkkatto` th noafg daf`‑. Mhwovor, at blsh smhul`f‑t no agfhro` tmbt cortbafbttatuòs, bctahfs, otc. chffhto, bt lobst, daf`foss. Ai notwoof takos hi ladbnalaty b porshfskalos bt yhu bf` tolls yhu tmbt tmoy lhvo yhu, tmas whul` sook th suggost tmbt tmo porshf

as daf` bf` blsh lhvafg. Ai b porshf, wmof yhu toll tmok shkotmafg tmbt ghos bgbafst wmbt

tmbt porshf tmhugmt bnhut yhu, chftafuos th oxpross trust bf` biioctahf, at as robshfbnloth nolaovo tmo porshf as daf` bf`/hr lhvafg. Watm tmas af kaf`, at as lhvafg thwbr` tmbt



9>

porshf th nolaovo mo hr smo wall no daf` hfco yhu toll tmbt porshf b àiiacult tmafg tmbtkust no sba`, wmof yhu sthp noafg ladbnlo, otc.

Lhvo nolaovos ”bll as woll‑. Pmoroihro, ai shkohfo lhvos yhu, tmbt porshf, wmof yhu brof‑t ladobnlo, wall `h

tmafgs tmbt, th yhu, bro daf`. Ai b porshf as hfly daf` th yhu wmof yhu bro ladbnlo, atcbffht no òtorkafo` wmof tmbt porshf as daf` irhk wmof tmbt porshf as mbppy. Ai

shkohfo skalos bt yhu wmof yhu bro ladbnlo, at cbf no sba` ”tmbt porshf as mbppy‑, nut atcbffht kobfafgiully no sba` ”tmbt porshf as daf`‑. Mhwovor, ai shkohfo skalos bt yhu

wmof yhu brof‑t ladobnlo, at cbf no sba` ”tmbt porshf as daf`‑ watmhut chfilbtafg torks bf`rofòrafg tmok afàstafguasmbnlo.

YAA

Ai yhu nolaovo shkohfo wall no daf` th yhu wmof yhu brof‑t ladobnlo, stby chkkatto` th ofbnlafg yhu th roblazo yhur truo soli, otc., bf` tmbt porshf nolaovos tmosbko hi yhu, nhtm hi yhu mbvo ibatm bf` mhpo af hfo bfhtmor. Ai twh pohplo `hf‑t mbvotmas ibatm bf` mhpo af hfo bfhtmor, at chul`f‑t no sba` tmbt oatmor bro chkkatto` th lhvo.Safco lhvo as b cmhaco, watmhut tmas wallafgfoss, ”lhvo‑ cbffht no òiafo`. Pmoroihro, aikobfafgiul, ”lhvo‑ as ibatmiul bf` mhpoiul.

Ph sby ”A lhvo yhu‑ kobfs ”wmof yhu ibal th lhvo ko, A wall lhvo yhu uftal bf`bitor yhu succoo`‑. Safco lhvo cbf fovor robcm ats of`, lhvo kust no chfstbft th kbaftbafkobfafg. ”A lhvo yhu‑ kust kobf ”A wall mbvo ibatm af yhu wmof yhu bro ufladbnlo bf`mhpo yhu wall `h tmo sbko ihr ko‑. Ai wmotmor hr fht tmo porshf bctublly `hos lhvo yhu

wmof yhu‑ro ufladbnlo oiiocts wmotmor hr fht yhu lhvo tmbt porshf, yhur lhvo as nlurro` watm ladafg: yhur lhvo mhl`s nbcd. Chfsoquoftly, b pbrt hi yhu whf‑t chftranuto throkafàfg yhur lhvo` hfo wmbt ”lhvo‑ kobfs.

YAAA

Ai yhur lhvo` hfo asf‑t daf` th yhu, otc. wmof yhu brof‑t ladobnlo, af tmbtkhkoft, tmbt porshf blsh nochkos àiiacult th lado, prhvaàfg yhu watm bf hpphrtufatyth kobfafgiully oxpross lhvo, daf`foss, bf` pbtaofco. Ai yhu sthp lhvafg b porshf wmofmo hr smo sthps kobfafgiully lhvafg yhu (bf` sh nochkos ufladbnlo), at cbffhtkobfafgiully no sba` tmbt yhu lhvo tmbt porshf. Pmoroihro, ai ”lhvo‑ as kobfafgiul, lhvokust no ihrgavafg. Wmof b lhvo` hfo ibals th lhvo yhu bs mo hr smo chkkatto` th `h, tmas`hosf‑t kobf yhu smhul` sthp lhvafg tmbt porshf. Af ibct, yhu mb vo noof gavof b cmbfcoth truly lhvo, wmacm cbf af turf lob`, ny oxbkplo, tmo htmor nbcd th truo lhvo.

Lhvo ihrgavos lhvo‑s ibaluro.

Lhvo blwbys oftbals b daf` hi ihrgavofoss, bs noafg lhvo` oftbals bccoptafgihrgavofoss bf` sh grbtatuò ihr tmbt ihrgavofoss. Af lhvafg bfhtmor, yhu ihrgavo tmbtafàvaùbl ihr noafg ufbnlo th robcm yhur truo soli, bs tmbt lhvo` hfo ihrgavos yhu ihr fhtrobcmafg mas hr mor truo soli. Af bccoptafg lhvo af tmas wby, yhu bcdfhwlo`go yhurafbnalaty th lhvo bfhtmor iully4 af gavafg lhvo, yhu bsd bfhtmor th ihrgavo tmas afbnalaty.

Ph lhvo as th ihrgavo: th no lhvo` as th no grbtoiul. Qhu ihrgavo hfo wmh `hos shkotmafg ufladobnlo. Safco lhvo as kobfafgiully

wallo` thwbr` tmo ufladbnlo, lhvo afmoroftly oftbals b ihrgavofoss hi tmo ufladbnlo ihrnoafg sucm. Ph tmo ògroo hfo as daf` thwbr` tmo ufladbnlo as th tmo ògroo hfo cbf sbytmbt porshf‑s ihrgavofoss bf` lhvo bro kobfafgiul, bf` af b wby, hfo.3

At as af tmo bct hi ihrgavofoss, bs oxprosso` tmrhugm daf`foss, tmbt ”lhvo‑ as khstclobrly òiafo`. Wmof shkohfo kbdos yhu mbppy, ”lhvo‑ bf` ”lado‑ cbffht noàstafguasmo` irhk hfo bfhtmor4 wmof shkohfo kbdos yhu upsot, ”lhvo‑ bf` ”lado‑ mbvo



93

tmo phtoftabl th no òiafo` bpbrt. At as tmo bct hi ihrgavofoss, kbfaiost tmrhugm daf`foss, wmacm cbusos tmas splat. Pmo khro ufladbnlo tmo afàvaùbl, tmo khro ihrgavofosssuccoo`s.

Af b sofso, lhvo as ihrgavofoss: th sby ”A lhvo yhu‑ as th sby ”A (wall/mbvo)ihrgavo(f) yhu‑.0

A]

”Lhvo‑, wmof kobfafgiul, as pbtaoft bf` daf`. At as blsh sbcraiacabl, ihrgavafg, bf`òstafo` th ibal th robcm ats of`. Lhvo hfly bppobrs af b òiafbnlo kbffor thwbr` tmhsoyhu `hf‑t (blwbys) lado, bf` as nost oxprosso` af tmo bct hi ihrgavofoss. Wmof yhu ladoshkohfo, ”lhvo‑ cbffht no òiafo` irhk ”ladafg‑, bs daf`foss bf` mbppafoss cbffht nosopbrbto`. Safco at as mbr` th no brhuf` b porshf wmh `hos shkotmafg ufladobnlo, at asibar th sby lhvo as mbr`, tmbt lhvo as b mbr` chkkatkoft wmacm roquaros ibatm bf` mhpo.

Watmhut lhvo, ”ibatm‑ bf` ”mhpo‑ bro vha` hi kobfafg, ihr at as af tmo chftoxt hi mbr`takos (bf` tmus lhvo) tmbt ibatm bf` mhpo bro fooò`. Wmof tmafgs bro ghh`, ibatm bf`mhpo brof‑t fooò`, ihr iully bcmaovafg sucm ghh`foss as tmo of` hi tmok.

Aòblly, lhvo bf` ladbnalaty, bf` sh daf`foss bf` mbppafoss, blwbys ruf thgotmorlado ravors tmbt korgo. Mhwovor, nocbuso tmoy `hf‑t blwbys `h sh, lhvo as focossbry. Ailhvo à`f‑t oxast, tmo khkoft ladbnalaty ofò`, sh whul` of` ovory rolbtahfsmap. Laio asmbr`, sh lhvo as focossbry. Chfsoquoftly, ”lhvo‑ as òiafo` bka`st tmo nb`.

]

Safco lhvo as `hhko` th fovor robcm ats of`, pbafiul, òkbfàfg, bf`kobfafgiul hfly wmof tmafgs bro mbr`, lhvo as nost bvhaò`. Qot watmhut lhvo, fhfo hi uschul` kbdo at notwoof takos hi mbppafoss, bf` fhfo hi us chul` molp hfo bfhtmor iaf`

solimhh`. Watmhut lhvo, laio as nost lavo` af sobrcm hi ovbfoscoft lados bf` khkofts himbppafoss af sucm b wby tmbt tmhso khkofts fovor of`. Safco tmas as akphssanlo, lhvo,pbafiully, cbffht no bvhaò`. Ai tmhugm lhvo ofbnlos us th bcmaovo b sofso hi butmoftacatybf` trutm tmbt watmhut wo chul` fovor robcm, bf` ai lhvo molps us bcmaovo b chftafuhusmbppafoss wmacm, arhfacblly, lhvo as lhgacblly bf` afatablly bvhaò` af ibvhr hi, tmofpormbps at chul` no sba` tmbt lhvo as whrtm at.

Lhvo as b prhnlok shlvor: ai tmoro woro fh prhnloks, tmoro whul` no fh lhvo. Aith lhvo as th ofòbvhr th olakafbto prhnloks bll thgotmor, lhvo as th ofòbvhr th crobto bplbco wmoro lhvo whul` no uffocossbry. Lhvo whul`f‑t no fooò` af b porioct whrl`.

Pmhugm lhvo atsoli chul` ”no‑ tmo porioct whrl , af b sofso, tmas porioctahf whul` lbcdòiafatahf ai robcmafg at à` fht tbdo wbàfg tmrhugm mbr`smap. Pmrhugm pbaf, lhvo

àvaòs mobvof bf` moll.Nocbuso tmoro bro fh porioct pohplo (bf` tmus afovatbnlo prhnloks), lhvo as

ofbnlo` th oxast, fht tmbt wo lhvo porioctly hr lhvo hfly tmbt wmacm as porioct, nut sh tmbttmo whrl` cbf no kbò porioct af lhvo.? Nut asf‑t at tmo cbso tmbt ai lhvo gbvo tmo whrl`porioctahf, lhvo whul` rofòr atsoli uffocossbry8

Qos.Lhvo as arhfac: lhvo lhvos th cobso. Lhvo‑s purphso as th brravo wmoro at àos.ôkoknorafg tmbt ”mbppafoss‑ bf` ”lhvo‑ bro nhtm ghh`s nut fht sakalos, tmo

phaft hi lhvo as th roblazo b whrl` hi mbppafoss bf` nlass: tmo purphso hi lhvo as th

sbcraiaco atsoli. Qot ai tmo ghbl hi lhvo as mbppafoss, ”lhvo‑ cbffht no òiafo` irhk”mbppafoss‑, bs fhto` bt tmo vory nogaffafg hi tmas whrd. Pmoroihro, th no kobfafgiul,”lhvo‑ kust bcmaovo mbppafoss fht nocbuso mbppafoss as ats ghbl, nut bs b chfsoquofco hi





9?



99

Fhtos

Nhhd A: Arhfacblly

Shcahlhgacbl-Bwbrofoss

2Ihr khro afihrkbtahf hf tmo Mbwtmhrfo Oiioct:

mttp://nkcko`roskotmh`hl.nahko`coftrbl.chk/brtaclos/25.22=9/2072->>==-7-35 mttp://www.ojhg.hrg/brtaclo/S5352->22?(5=)55355-]/bnstrbct

>Ihr khro afihrkbtahf hf kokos bf` tmo sprob` hi aòbs, soo tmo whrds hi Glb`woll bf`Ghàf.

3O`kuf` Nurdo, ôiloctahfs hf tmo ôvhlutahf af Irbfco T2715[. Uofguaf Clbssacs, 21=9:30>.

0

Muxloy, Julabf. “Pmo Fow @avafaty‛, Ossby irhk b Mukbfast . Cmbtth & Wafùs, 2190.?Moaòggor, Kbrtaf. Noafg bf` Pako. Mbrpor Uoroffabl Khòrf Clbssacs4 ôpraft oàtahf,>55=: 1= – 11.

9Ulobso fhto tmbt tmas pbpor `rbws b àstafctahf notwoof tmo _fcortbafty Urafcaplo, wmacmòbls watm kobsurokoft, bf` tmo Hnsorvor Oiioct, wmacm òbls watm hnsorvbtahf atsoli.

7Chllafs, ^bf`bl. Pmo Shcahlhgy hi Umalhshpmaos: B Glhnbl Pmohry hi Aftolloctubl Cmbfgo.Noldfbp Uross hi Mbrvbr` _favorsaty Uross, 211=: 712 bf` “Kotb-ôiloctahfs‛ (af goforbl).

=Ihr khro hf Dof ^hnafshf:mttp://sardofrhnafshf.chk/

1Ihr khro afihrkbtahf hf Durt Gùòl:mttp://plbth.stbfihr`.où/oftraos/ghoòl/

25Ihr khro afihrkbtahf hf tmo ”Nystbfòr Oiioct‑: mttps://www.psycmhlhgyth`by.chk/nbsacs/nystbfòr-oiioct

22Ihr khro afihrkbtahf hf ”Nlbcd Swbfs‑:

mttp://www.bkbzhf.chk/Pmo-Nlbcd-Swbf-Akprhnbnlo-^hnustfoss/`p/5=2>173=2] mttp://plbth.stbfihr`.où/oftraos/afùctahf-prhnlok/#CbfAf`Jus

2>Hfco mukbfs nocbko bwbro hi Ovhlutahf, mukbfs stbrto` whfòrafg wmy tmoy smhul` nokhrbl, sooafg tmoy‑ro just bfakbls. Ai Ovhlutahf òvolhpo` khrblaty, tmof nochkafg bwbro hitmo Pmohry hi Ovhlutahf whrdo` bgbafst tmas òvolhpkoft. @aschvorafg Ovhlutahf cmbfgoÒvhlutahf.

23 Pmo tako at tbdos th stu`y b sunjoct af tmo bcbòky kby bll kbdo ”doopafg up‑ akphssanlo,nut th spoo` up tmo prhcoss as th kbdo at afcrobsafgly ufrolabnlo.

20 Pmo chfclusahf hi Noafg bf` Fhtmafgfoss ny Jobf-Ubul Sbrtro.

Pmo Crobtavo Chfchr`

http://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-7-30


http://www.ejog.org/article/S0301-2115(08)00300-X/abstract


http://www.gladwell.com/tippingpoint/

http://www.ted.com/talks/seth_godin_on_sliced_bread.html



http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/goedel/


https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/bystander-effect


http://www.amazon.com/The-Black-Swan-Improbable-Robustness/dp/081297381X


http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/induction-problem/#CanIndJus







http://www.ted.com/talks/seth_godin_on_sliced_bread.html

http://www.gladwell.com/tippingpoint/







9=

tmo porshf cbffht, watmaf tmoar whrd, cmbfgo cbtoghraos. Uormbps b porshf af tmo cbtoghry hiprhlotbrabt cbf khvo afth tmo nhurgohasao, nut tmas daf` hi supphso` b`vbfcokoft as hfly bsmait watmaf tmo cbtoghry hi tmo kbtorabl àbloctac. Pmas noafg tmo cbso, tmo afàvaùbl wall fhtiaf` bllovabtahf irhk blaofbtahf. Hf tmo htmor mbf`, bf brtaiox shcaoty as hfo af wmacm bfyphsatahf hi okplhykoft hr hwforsmap as b ”stop‑ thwbr` nochkafg bf brtaioxabf, rbtmor tmbfbfhtmor smait af tmo ”rbt rbco‑. Doop af kaf` blsh tmbt bf brtaioxabf as b porshf ihr wmhk

ovory bcchkplasmkoft as b ”stop‑ thwbr` bfhtmor hfo, ovory crobtahf prbctaco ihr b grobtorhfo. Pmo whrd hi bf brtaioxabf as fovor iafasmo` yot blwbys iuliallafg. Pmas noafg tmo cbso, tmobrtaioxabf `ravos prhùctavaty ibr bf` bnhvo tmo pbrtacapbft af tmo kbtorabl àbloctac. Hfochul` sby, af b sofso, tmbt tmo brtaioxabf crobtos bf` whrds oftorprasos tmbt chftafuo thgoforbto rovofuo, twofty-ihurs b `by, ovof bitor tmo brtaioxabf mbs ào`.

7.2> Pmhugm at as hutsaò tmo schpo hi tmas pbpor th b``ross iully, at smhul` no fhto` tmbtcrobtavaty as affbtoly chkkufbl, àvorso, bf` pbrtaculbr. Bll scaoftasts stbf` hf tmo smhulòrshi tmhso wmh cbko noihro tmok, bs bll wrators stbf` hf tmo smhulòrs hi prahr brtasts.Crobthrs stbf` hf tmo smhulòrs hi wmato, nlbcd, bf` Cmafoso crobthrs sh tmbt wmato, nlbcd,bf` Cmafoso crobthrs kby stbf` hf tmoar smhulòrs. Ph crobto, wmalo buthfhkhus, as th no

propbro` ihr mukalaty bf` hpof th àvorsaty. At as blsh th no goforhus, ihr th crobto as th gavoth tmo whrl`. Ihr tmoso robshfs bf` khro, bf brtaioxabf asf‑t bf afàvaùblast, fhr hfo wmhlhvos mukbfaty bt tmo oxpofso hi afàvaùbls (th blluò th @hsthyovsdy). Pmo brtaioxabf lhvosnhtm, rochgfazafg mhw hfo ofbnlos tmo htmor.

7.> Wmotmor b iully brtaiox shcaoty as phssanlo hr koroly bf aòbl th stravo thwbr` as òpofòfthf tmo iufctahf hi tmo whr` ”porioct‑. Pmo tork as òcoptavo, ihr at akplaos b ”stbto hi noafg‑rbtmor tmbf bf ”bct hi noafg‑, yot porioctahf as shkotmafg yhu `h, fht shkotmafg yhu bro: at asbnhut grhwafg khro sh tmbf at as bnhut iafasmafg up. ”Uorioct shcaotaos‑, af b Ulbthfac,aòblastac sofso, bro akphssanlo, ihr tmo whr` ”porioct‑ af tmbt chftoxt as kobfafgloss, sooafgtmbt tmoro as fh clobr stbf`br` hi wmbt tmo shcaoty as porioct af rolbtahf th. Ai tmo whr` askobfafgiul, th lhhsoly blluò th Bquafbs, b ”porioct shcaoty‑ as hfo tmbt ”`hos wmbt at wbskbò th `h‑. Uorioctahf, af rogbr` th mukbfs, as mofco tao` th bftmrhphlhgy, bf` ai mukbfsbro affbtoly crobtavo (wmacm A tmafd tmoro as robshf th nolaovo), mukbfs bro porioct wmofcrobtavo. Safco b shcaoty oxasts th afcrobso tmo stbf`br` hi lavafg, b shcaoty as porioct wmof atrbasos tmo stbf`br` hi lavafg, wmacm as blwbys tmbfds th shko ihrk hi crobtavaty. Pmoroihro, bfbrtaioxabf shcaoty as b ”porioct shcaoty‑ af tmo hfly wby tmo tork cbf no kobfafgiul.

7.>2 Pmo ”porioctahf blwbys bmob`‑ tmbt `ravos tmo brtaiox as ”aòblastac porioctahf‑, wmalo tmo bcthi grhwafg thwbr` tmas aòbl as ”prbctacbl porioctahf‑ (af tmo sofso tmbt at as ”b porioctahf tmbtcbf no prbctaco`‑). Af tmas rogbr`, b shcaoty cbf ”prbctaco porioctahf‑, bs hfo cbf prbctacokoàcafo, bf` wmotmor at cbf no bcmaovo` asf‑t b kobfafg iul quostahf. Af tmas rogbr`, tmo”aòbl hi Wbr bf` Uobco‑ chkos afth oxastofco watm tmo wratafg hi ats iarst pbgo. Pmo ”aòbl hi

porioctahf‑ okorgos sakultbfohus watm tmo ”prbctaco hi porioctahf‑: tmo oxastofco hi hfofocossatbtos tmo oxastofco hi tmo htmor, bs tmo cossbtahf hi hfo as tmo of` hi nhtm. Pmo”prbctaco hi‑ bf` ”aòbl hi‑ bro twh saòs hi tmo sbko chaf. Pmoroihro, tmo ”aòbl porioctahf‑ as vblubnlo fht nocbuso at cbf no bcmaovo`, nut nocbuso at cbf hraoftbto tmo àroctahf hi bprbctaco, tmus gavafg tmbt prbctaco shkotmafg ”at as kbò th `h‑ bf` b irbkowhrd af wmacm thno ”prbctacblly porioct‑ rolbtavo th. Af tmas sofso, th stravo thwbr` b iully brtaiox shcaoty as th noporioct, ovof tmhugm tmo aòbl asf‑t bcmaovo`. Pmo prbctaco as tmo bcmaovokoft.

7.>>Af b wby, tmo wmhlo lbfgubgo hi ”bcmaovbnlo‑ hr ”ufbcmaovbnlo‑ as bs kobfafgloss bs bsdafg wmotmor noafg b phot as ”bcmaovbnlo‑. Hi churso hfo cbf no b phot, nut wmotmor b porshf cbf”bcmaovo‑ tmo stbtus as sakply th bsd, af b strbfgo wby, wmotmor b porshf cbf wrato photry. Bs

hfo wratos, tmo porshf mbs ”bcmaovo`‑ tmo stbtus hi phot, nut hfco mo hr smo iafasmos, mbs tmoporshf ”ibllof irhk porioctahf‑8 At òpof`s hf mhw b porshf òiafos ”porioctahf‑, bf` ovof aitmo phot mbs ”ibllof‑, at `hosf‑t kbttor. Hfo cbf stall no b phot ovof tmhugm tmo porshf

http://books.google.com/books?id=dT2rQl6sbp8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+brothers+karamazov&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DO5NUuLVLObOyAHDwYDAAQ&ved=0CDAQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20brothers%20karamazov&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=dT2rQl6sbp8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+brothers+karamazov&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DO5NUuLVLObOyAHDwYDAAQ&ved=0CDAQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20brothers%20karamazov&f=false



91

`hosf‑t wrato photry chfstbftly, bs lhfg bs tmo porshf as blwbys whrdafg th wrato photry.Ladowaso, b shcaoty cbf no porioct ovof watm akporioctahfs bs lhfg at as blwbys whrdafg ihrporioctahf.

7.>3Fhto tmbt bf brtaiox shcaoty as shkotmafg tmbt b shcaoty mbs th chfstbftly no khvafgthwbr` safco fow pohplo bro chfstbftly noafg nhrf. Af b sofso, tmo hfly wby th ”no porioct‑

rbtmor tmbf ”prbctaco porioctahf‑ as th sthp progfbfcaos. At as `huntiul tmhugm tmbt bfyhfo whul` cbll b soxloss whrl` ”porioct‑.

7.>0At as nottor fht th uso tmo lbfgubgo hi ”b porioct shcaoty‑4 rbtmor, at as nottor th sby ”b shcaotyprbctacafg porioctahf‑.

= Pmas as wmy at wbs ihhlasm ihr Ulbth th ufjustly nbr tmo phot irhk mas ôpunlac, ihr tmas kbòtmo òclafo hi tmo brtaiox afovatbnlo bf` tmo chllbpso hi mas ôpunlac watmaf tmo kbtorablàbloctac ufbvha`bnlo. Ny nbrrafg tmo phot, mo rokhvo` tmo brtasts wmh afsparo afvofthrs,brtasbfs, bf` oftroprofours th crobto wobltm. Chfsoquoftly, mo kbò at hfly b kbttor hi takonoihro tmo wmhlo brtaiox àsshlvo`. B shcaoty cbffht mbvo afvofthrs watmhut phots hr phots

watmhut afvofthrs: bll crobthrs foo` bll crobthrs. Pmas as wmy tmo brtaiox cbffht no chkphso`hi ”just fhvolasts‑, ”just oftroprofours‑, otc. – at as fht phssanlo th mbvo hfo watmhut tmo htmor. Pmo scaofco iactahf wrator gavos tmo scaoftast tmo aòb ihr tmo spbcosmap wmacm rosults af tmoafvofthr ofbnlafg mukbfaty th gh th tmo khhf. Watmhut tmo afvofthr, shcaoty whul`f‑t nostbnlo ofhugm ihr tmo wrator th mbvo tako th rochr` mas vasahf. Shko afvofthrs wrato hr `h brtihr b mhnny, bf` ai fht bllhwo` th cbrry hut tmas prbctaco, tmoy wall fht mbvo oxorcaso` tmoarkaf` crobtavoly ofhugm th tmafd up b fow afvoftahf tmbt wall nofoiat mukbfaty. Pmhugm tmophot kbdos ”smb`hws hi smb`hws‑, Ulbth à` fht rochgfazo tmbt shko smb`hws bro nottortmbf htmors, fhr à` mo grbsp tmbt tmo ”smb`hws hi smb`hws‑ cbf ofbnlo ”smb`hws‑ th chko thlaio

=.2Uohplo bro thl` th ”tmafd ihr tmoar solvos‑, nut safco tmoy bro ufbnlo th tmafd ihr tmoar solvos,òpravo` hi tmas cbpbcaty ny tmo shcaoty, tmoy bro ufbnlo th ufòrstbf` wmbt tmas kobfs. Pmopmrbso as tmo bfswor th b quostahf lado ”wmbt bro yhu supphso` th lobrf af chllogo8‑, nut at asfht kobfafgiul af atsoli. At as hfly b tork, fht b trutm. Nocbuso htmors toll tmok sh, pohplo,hnoàoft, dfhw tmoy bro supphso` th ”tmafd ihr tmoar solvos‑, sh clbak tmbt tmoy cbf, nutufbnlo th tmafd ihr tmoar solvos, tmoy bro ufbnlo th rochgfazo tmbt tmoy cbf‑t. Uohplo broblwbys bnlo th chfvafco tmoksolvos tmbt tmoy cbf ”tmafd ihr tmoksolvos‑, nut at as tmobrtaioxabfs wmh ihrco tmok th cratacblly bsd hi tmoksolvos ”cbf A tmafd ihr kysoli8‑ noyhf`tmoar hwf òiafatahfs bf` stbf`br`s. Pmo strhfgor tmo brtaiox, tmoroihro, tmo khro tmo shcaotybctublly wall no bnlo th tmafd ihr atsoli, bf` tmo khro b shcaoty cbf `h tmas, tmo khro at cbfòtorkafo mhw th trbfscof` tmo kbtorabl àbloctac.

=.22Safco pohplo (fbturblly) tmafd tmoy cbf tmafd ihr tmoksolvos, ny nbrrafg tmo brtaiox irhkmas ôpunlac, Ulbth kbò at akphssanlo th òtorkafo wmh bctublly as b Umalhshpmor Dafg (ihrovoryhfo fbturblly tmafds tmoy bro b Umalhshpmor Dafg bf` tmbt tmoy bro bnlo th rochgfazohfo). Fh hfo tmafds hi tmoar soli bs b koro khrtbl. Blsh, ny dacdafg hut tmo brtaioxabf, Ulbthrokhvo` irhk mas ôpunlac tmo shurco hi crobtavo tmafdafg tmbt b Umalhshpmor Dafg kustporshfaiy th rulo tmo ôpunlac justly. Pmoroihro, watmhut phots, tmoro ultakbtoly cbf no fhUmalhshpmor Dafg. Lbstly, th no iroo as th fht no chftbafo` af b nhx, bf` th no crobtavo as thno bnlo th tmafd hutsaò tmo nhx. Pmoroihro, ny rokhvafg crobtavaty, Ulbth rokhvo` iroo`hkirhk mas ôpunlac. Ihr tmas robshf, at as afcrobsafgly obsy th iaf` pbrbllols notwoof Bkoracbfbf` tmo ôpunlac.

=.> B porshf wmh cbf no nhro` asf‑t iroo, ihr tmbt afàvaùbl as ofslbvo` th bf oxtorfbl shurcomo hr smo roquaros ihr khtavbtahf. Af tmas sofso, tmo porshf wmh mbs fhtmafg th `h tmokhkoft tmo aftorfot sthps whrdafg as shkohfo wmh as ofslbvo` th tmo aftorfot. Hfly b

http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.11.x.html





75

crobtavo porshf bvha`s noafg ofslbvo` th surrhufàfg ghh`s, bf` tmas as wmy tmoro as fhiroo`hk watmhut crobtavaty. Watmhut crobtavaty, b porshf kust no b chfsukor, rbtmor tmbf b”rocyclor‑ wmh gavos nbcd tmrhugm wmbt mo hr smo chfsukos.

=.>2@bllbs Wallbr` cbpturo` tmo rolbtahfsmap notwoof crobtavaty bf` iroo`hk nobutaiully wmofmo wrhto: ”Ai wo wbft th soo iroo`hk, wo `hf‑t lhhd bt b da` jukpafg brhuf` watm fhtmafg th

`h. Wo soo iroo`hk wmof wo soo bf bcchkplasmo` brtast sat `hwf bt b pabfh bf` plbyshkotmafg sh nobutaiul tmbt wo cbf mbr`ly stby af hur sobt. Pmbt‑s iroo`hk‑.

1Soo Irá`árac Nbstabt.

25Soo âcmbr` @ufcbf.

22At as b chkkhf bf` ufihrtufbto kastbdo th chfilbto ”magm okplhykoft‑ watm b ”magmstbf`br` hi lavafg‑. At as blsh chkkhf th ibal th rochgfazo tmbt hfly tmhso wmh crobto wobltmcrobto jhns, wmalo tmhso wmh àstranuto wobltm, àstranuto jhns.

22.2

Bs at as phssanlo th nochko bf brtaioxabf, at as blsh phssanlo th sthp noafg hfo. Pmas noafgtmo cbso, b shcaoty tmbt nochkos bf brtaiox shcaoty kust tmof whrd th doop atsoli tmbt wby, wmacm as wmof at as khst tokptafg th tmafd tmoro‑s fh whrd loit th no `hfo. Pmas as nocbusotmoro sooks th no fh prossafg foo` ihr at, safco at bppobrs tmbt tmo porioct shcaoty mbs noofbcmaovo`, nut wmbt as bcmaovo` af hfo khkoft cbf no lhst af tmo foxt. Wmofovor bfbrtaioxabf cobsos th no hfo, tmo stbf`br` hi lavafg òcrobsos4 wmofovor shkohfo nochkos bfbrtaioxabf hr ro-nochkos hfo, tmo stbf`br` afcrobsos. At cbf afcrobso oatmor ny curroftbrtaioxabfs crobtafg shkotmafg fow hr ny shkohfo wmh asf‑t bf brtaioxabf nochkafg hfo. Pmo sbko cbf no sba` af rogbr` th bctubl wobltm.

22.> Pmo brtaiox clbss afcluòs bfyhfo wmh bctublly ofbnlos hr ofmbfcos prhùctahf, sby watm bfhragafbl aòb hr pmalhshpmacbl chfstruct, ovof ai tmoy tmoksolvos `hf‑t bctublly prhùcobfytmafg. Pmas daf` hi porshf as bf ”afàroct brtaioxabf‑ bf` as àiioroft irhk bf aftolloctubl,bs òiafo` moro, wmh‑s hfly prhùct as aòbs tmbt `h fht rolbto th prhùctahf. Bfy aftolloctublnochkos bf afàroct brtaioxabf bs shhf bs tmoar aòbs ofmbfco hr ofbnlo prhùctahf, bf` sthpsnoafg hfo bs shhf bs tmas asf‑t tmo cbso. Bf afàvaùbl, af tmas rogbr`, mbs th stbrt bs bfaftolloctubl th nochko bf brtaioxabf. Ihr tmas robshf, aftolloctubls bro ghh` ihr shcaoty bs lhfgbs tmoy whrd th goforbto aòbs tmbt nofoiat prhùctahf hr crobtahf – wmacm cbf no ovorytmafgirhk b nluopraft th b smhrt sthry tmbt rokaf`s b robòr tmbt laio as whrtm lavafg – rbtmor tmbfjust prhùco aòbs. Hi churso, at as fobrly akphssanlo th toll wmacm brtasts bf` aftolloctubls broafàroct brtaioxabfs bf` wmacm brof‑t, bf` wmacm wall nochko afàroct brtaioxabfs af tako. Pmasas wmy tmo nost phlacy as b mbf`s-hii bpprhbcm tmbt afcrobsos iroo`hk. Ai brtaioxabfs, lado bphlaco stbto, woro th nogaf rokhvafg aftolloctubls bf` brtasts wmh worof‑t afàroct brtaioxabfs

af tmoar oyos, tmoy whul` no shwafg tmo soo`s hi tmoar hwf òstructahf. Aòblly, af tako, tmoafàroct brtaioxabfs whrd th no àroct hfos tmoksolvos, wmacm whul` afcrobso wobltm. Hfochul` sby tmbt ”afàroct‑ bf` ”àroct‑ bro twh taors watmaf tmo brtaiox clbss, bs ”whrdor‑ bf`”kbfbgor‑ bro twh taors af tmo prhlotbrabt. Pmo nost brtaiox shcaoty as hfo af wmacm ovorycatazof as nhtm b àroct bf` afàroct brtaioxabf: wmalo crobtafg tmoar hwf whrds, obcm brtaioxabfblsh ofbnlos hr ofmbfcos tmo prhùctahf hi htmors.

22.3At whul` ofmbfco clbraty th roplbco Kbrx‑s lbfgubgo hi ”tmo kobfs hi prhùctahf‑ watm ”tmokobfs hi crobtahf‑, ”prhùcts‑ watm ”crobtahfs‑.

2> Pmo khst òvahus hi bll tmo nhurgohasao‑s tracds as gottafg tmo prhlotbrabt th àsmobrtof tmo

brtaiox sh tmbt tmo nhurgohasao whf‑t mbvo tmoar oftorprasos ufòrkafo` ny brtaioxabfcrobtahfs. Succossiully, tmo nhurgohasao mbs chfvafco` khst pbrofts th ofchurbgo tmoarcmal`rof th tbdo rasd-bvorso laiostylos, rbtmor tmbf nochko brtasts bf` oftroprofours.

http://bastiat.org/en/twisatwins.html

http://www.richardduncaneconomics.com/

http://www.richardduncaneconomics.com/

http://bastiat.org/en/twisatwins.html





7>

tmbt tbsd. Ai yhu got pba` ihr wmbt yhu bro aftrafsacblly khtavbto` th `h, yhu bro bnlo th hpofup ovof khro tako ihr yhursoli th `h tmbt tmafg. Mhwovor, ai yhu mbvo lhts hi tako nut fhaftrafsac khtavbtahf, nhro`hk as ghafg th sot af. Pmoroihro, tmo provblofco hi nhro`hk as bghh` gbgo ihr òtorkafafg mhw aftrafsacblly khtavbto` b shcaoty as hr asf‑t.

0.2 Bs croàt kust lob` th prhùctahf ai b shcaoty as ghafg th prhspor, oxtrafsac khtavbtahf kust

lob` th aftrafsac khtavbtahf, nut aftrafsac khtavbtahf `hosf‑t roquaro oxtrafsac khtavbtahfhfco at chkos afth oxastofco (tmhugm, bs croàt cbf stakulbto prhùctahf, tmbt‑s fht th sbytmbt oxtrafsac khtavbtahf cbf‑t molp shkohfo roblazo aftrafsac khtavbtahf).

?Mhwovor, tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` cbf no `ravof hut hi tmo kbrdot ny prossuros irhk tmooxtrafsacblly khtavbto`. Bs tmo nhhk chftafuos, tmas prossuro afcrobsos, kbdafg at ladoly tmbttmo lhfgor tmo nhhk lbsts, tmo magmor tmas shcabl prossuro bgbafst tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto`rasos. Pmas as ospocablly ladoly wmof grhwtm as kucm magmor tmbf prhùctahf, ihr tmbt as wmofat sooks khst lado oxtrafsac khtavbtahf as bll tmbt as fooò`.

Iurtmorkhro, tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` mbvo th òbl watm kbfy psycmhlhgacbl tofsahfs lado

`hunt, iobr, bf` poor prossuro. Pmo porshf wmh traos th afvoft bf barplbfo wall no schiio` btny tmhso òbrost th mak uftal tmo khkoft tmo barplbfo oxasts. _ftal tmo pbrts hi bf barplbfobro put thgotmor, tmoro as fh iufctahfafg barplbfo, sh `huntors mbvo bll tmo ovaòfco af tmoaribvhr. Iavo kafutos noihro tmo barplbfo oxasts bf` tbdos ilagmt, bll ovaòfco prhvos tmoro as fhsucm tmafg. (Pmas mafts bt wmy phsatavask bf` Cbpatblask kby fht kax woll.)

At as mbr` whrd th `h shkotmafg fh hfo nut yhu vbluos. Pmo vasahfbry cbffht smhw pohplo wmbt oxbctly mo as ghafg th afvoft noihro mo afvofts at, sh tmo vasahfbry foo`s ibatm. Pmas ibatmas focossbry tmrhugm nhtm nhhk bf` nust porah`s. Qot tmhso wmh brof‑t tmo vasahfbry kustblsh mbvo ibatm, nut sooafg tmbt tmoy lbcd tmo aòb hr ”vasahf‑ hi tmo vasahfbry, tmas cbf noàiiacult. At as pormbps prhnbnlo tmbt tmo kbjhraty hi tmo vasahfloss whf‑t, bf` sh prhnbnlo tmbttmo prossuros bgbafst tmo vasahfbraos wall hfly afcrobso.

?.2 Pmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` cbf no prossuro` ny tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` th nochkooxtrafsacblly khtavbto`, wmacm sots up tmo ochfhky ihr nustafg. Pmo khst chkkhf ihrk hitmas prossuro sooks th no tmo ”got b jhn‑ crataquo, wmacm as arhfac, sooafg tmbt aftrafsackhtavbtahf as nomaf` bll jhn crobtahf hf shko lovol af tmo iarst plbco. Wmof shcabl prossurosbgbafst tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` bro magm, at as loss ladoly tmoro wall no kbfy aftrafsacbllykhtavbto` afàvaùbls. Wmof aftrafsac khtavbtahf as lhw, tmo cmbfcos hi b grhwafg ochfhkymaàfg b nunnlo bro magm.

?.>_fihrtufbtloy, tmo oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` tof` th cmbstaso tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` uftaltmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` turf bgbafst tmoar aftrafsac khtavbtahf. Pmas arhfy sooks okno`ò`

afth mukbf fbturo.

9”Afilbtahf‑ kagmt no tmo khst chfiusafg bf` usoloss whr` af ochfhkacs. Wmof hfo sbys”afilbtahf as mbppofafg‑, tmoy chul` kobf ”pracos bro ghafg up‑ hr ”currofcy as lhsafg vbluo‑.”Afilbtahf‑ kobfs nhtm, yot tmoro as b nag àiiorofco notwoof pracos rasafg blhfgsaòprhùctahf bf` pracos rasafg ùo th currofcy òvblubtahf.

9.2At as phssanlo ochfhkasts `hf‑t wbft th no bnlo th àstafguasm tmo twh typos hi afilbtahf, ihrtmas chul` tmrobtof kbrdot chfiaòfco.

9.> Pmo whr` ”roilbtahf‑ smhul` no khro waòly uso`. Ai ”afilbtahf‑ clobrly kobft ”òvblubtahf hi

tmo currofcy (th rbaso pracos)‑ bf` ”roilbtahf‑ clobrly kobft ”tmo rasafg hi pracos tmbfds thprhùctahf‑, tmo shcaoty whul` nottor ufòrstbf` ochfhkacs. Brgubnly, uflado kbfyDoyfosabfs, tmo mhpo hi Doyfos maksoli wbs th ”roilbto‑ ochfhkaos, fht ”afilbto‑ tmok.



73

7Oxbkplo irhk Loss Pmbf Zorh ny Gohrgo Solgaf.

= Pmo kbaf chfcorf hi ovory Ioòrbl ôsorvo Cmbarkbf smhul` no wmotmor afcrobsafg croàtlhwors prhùctavaty hr rbasos at.

1

ôblazo tmbt A bk fht af ibvhr hi gottafg ra` hi croàt: croàt ofbnlos afàvaùbls wmh whul`no prhùctavo th bccoss htmorwaso afbccossanlo (stbrtup) cbpatbl. Lhbfs, ònt, croàt, otc. mbvobf akphrtbft iufctahf hi ”nblbfcafg tmo plbyafg iaol`‑.

25 Pmo grobt arhfy hi Cbpatblask as tmbt af ofbnlafg ovoryhfo th obrf khfoy, at tmrobtofs thruaf tmo aftrafsac khtavbtahf at roquaros th doop irhk òstbnalazafg atsoli ùrafg takos hiprhsporaty. Wmof okplhykoft as magm, wmof afchkos bro afcrobsafg, wmof nusafossos bronhhkafg – wmof bll tmo tmafgs tmbt bf ochfhky mhpos th bcchkplasm bro bcchkplasmo` – b`rhp af aftrafsac khtavbtahf as ladoly. Oxtrafsac khtavbtahf tmrobtofs aftrafsac khtavbtahf (bf`crobtavaty, bs @bfaol Uafd smhws af @ravo). Cbpatblask, tmrhugm tmo oxtrafsac khtavbthrs tmbtcbf afsparo pohplo th pull tmoksolvos hut hi squblhr, cbf rofòr atsoli akphtoft. Chfsaòrafg

tmas, tmo nost systok as b Cbpatblask phworo` ny aftrafsac khtavbtahf.22Asf‑t at tmo cbso tmbt bs tmo kbrdot chllbpsos, pohplo watm sbvafgs wall okorgo bf` nuy upcmobp ghh`s8 Bcchràfg th Doyfos, ny tmo tako tmo kbrdot robcmos ”tmo nhtthk hi tmotrhugm‑, tmoro bro fh sbvafgs loit bf` sh fh hfo cbf tbdo b`vbftbgo hi tmo lhw pracos. Bs tmokbrdot ibals, afchkos chftrbct, bf` sbvafgs bro squoozo` hut. Wmof tmo kbrdot @oprossos, atchllbpsos. Pmo kbrdot `hosf‑t soli -chrroct: sbvafgs bro b luxury lhst ùrafg tmo mbr` takos. Bcchràfg th Doyfos, ai wo `hf‑t `h shkotmafg, hur oftaro shcahochfhkac systok wall ibal.

22.2Cbpatblask as ufstbnlo nocbuso tmo kbjhraty hi pohplo fovor prhporly kbfbgo tmoksolvosùrafg ghh` takos.

22.>Cbpatblask as tmo khst succossiul ochfhkac khòl af masthry, bf` tmo grobtor ats succoss,tmo magmor tmo cmbfco hi ruaf.

2>Ladowaso, at sooks th no tmo fbturo hi mukbf shcaotaos th no oxtrafsacblly khtavbto`(pormbps nocbuso at as obsaor th no thl` wmbt th `h bf` tmafd, bcmaovafg aftrafsac khtavbtahfroquaros aftrhspoctahf bf` hvorchkafg àiiacult psycmhlhgacbl bf` oxastoftabl bfxaotaos, otc.),tmhugm mukbfs (th tmoksolvos) sook th no fbturblly crobtavo bf` aftrafsacblly khtavbto`. Phuso b tork irhk “ Pmo Crobtavo Chfchr`‛, at `hosf‑t sook th no tmo fbturo hi mukbfshcaotaos th afcunbto brtaioxabfs. Cbpatblask, af tmas sofso, roquaros mukbfs th raso bnhvo tmoarcrobtahfs. Mofco, wmof Cbpatblask whrds, at prhiatbnly òstbnalazos mukbfaty bgbafst tmofbturo hi ats shcaotaos.

23 Pmo oxastofco hi croàt focossatbtos cyclos hi wmof khfoy as nhrrhwo` bf` wmof khfoy aspba` nbcd. Wmof A oxcmbfgo khfoy ihr b ghh`, b trbfsbctahf hccurs. Pmas thh as b daf` hicyclo, nut safco at mbppofs sh akkoàbtoly, at `hosf‑t sook lado hfo. Pmo porah` notwoofgottafg b lhbf bf` pbyafg at nbcd, wmacm ultakbtoly chfstatutos tmo nusafoss cyclo, as sakply bfakkoàbto trbfsbctahf notwoof b nuyor bf` sollor oxtofò` hvor tako. Mhwovor, ufladoakkoàbto trbfsbctahfs, olhfgbto` trbfsbctahfs brof‑t focossbraly ropba`.

20Af tmo smhrt-tork, mbr` whrd `hosf‑t pby hii, nut croàt bf` ònt `h. Af tmo lhfg ruf, mbr` whrd pbys hii, wmalo croàt bf` ònt `hf‑t. Safco b porshf blwbys oxasts af tmo prosoft bf`fovor tmo iuturo, croàt bf` ònt wall blwbys sook khro rbtahfbl tmbf mbr` whrd.

Iurtmorkhro, ospocablly af bf oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` shcaoty, at sooks bnsur` th whrd mbr`ùrafg tmo nhhk takos (nocbuso tmo wmhlo phaft hi whrdafg mbr` as th oxporaofco nhhks).

http://mises.org/books/less_than_zero_selgin.pdf

http://books.google.com/books?id=A-agLi2ldB4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Drive&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WQ_OUrPxA4SGkQfu54DoCQ&ved=0CDYQ6wEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Drive&f=false

http://www.scribd.com/doc/173429128/The-Creative-Concord-by-O-G-Rose




http://books.google.com/books?id=A-agLi2ldB4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Drive&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WQ_OUrPxA4SGkQfu54DoCQ&ved=0CDYQ6wEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Drive&f=false

http://mises.org/books/less_than_zero_selgin.pdf



70

Sucm àsphsatahfs kbdo at ladoly tmbt, af bf oxtrafsacblly khtavbto` shcaoty, grhwtm wall blwbysno khro sh b rosult hi croàt tmbf prhùctahf.

20.2 Watmhut croàt, tmo ochfhky chul` hfly grhw tmrhugm prhùctavaty, bf` ultakbtoly, tmbt astmo hfly wby at grhws. Pmoroihro, croàt hfly grhws tmo ochfhky afshkucm bs at iafbfcosprhùctavaty. Nut watmhut croàt, kbfy prhùctavo pohplo whul`f‑t no bnlo th got tmo stbrt

tmoy foo`, sh croàt mbs b ghh` bf` prhpor rhlo. Af b wby, at nblbfcos hut pohplo wmh bro bllnhrf af àiioroft shcahochfhkac chfàtahfs. Croàt ”oqublazos‑ ovoryhfo af mas hr mor ufaquostbrtafg phsatahf: at prbctacblly iufctahfs lado tmo myphtmotacbl ”voal hi agfhrbfco‑ prhphso` ny Jhmf ^bwls.

20.>At as mbr` whrd bf` aftrafsac khtavbtahf, fht just mbr` whrd, tmo ofbnlos Cbpatblask thtmravo. _ltakbtoly, hfly tmo aftrafsacblly khtavbto` cbf put af tmo mhurs focossbry th truly`ravo prhùctahf.

2? Bllusahf th Mykbf Kafsdy.

ôprosoftafg Nobuty

2 Bllusahf th Faotzscmo.

> Bllusahf th Daordogbbr`.

3Mhwovor, pormbps hfo kust nolaovo af Gh` ihr bfy kobfafg b porshf ibsmahfs th ultakbtolyno kobfafgiul rbtmor tmbf ultakbtoly b ihrk hi òfabl (lado b `rug).

0Afsparo` ny Nbu`rallbr`.

0.2 Bcchràfg th Nbu`rallbr`, roblaty mbs noof roplbco` ny syknhls hi roblaty, bf` tmososyknhls maò tmo ibct tmbt roblaty as fh lhfgor rolovbft. Ibconhhd, Pwattor, Afstbgrbk, otc. bllbccolorbto tmas òchfstructahf bf` ”procossahf hi sakulbcrb‑.

? Watmhut Ibconhhd, tmas pbpor chul`f‑t no smbro` watm sh kbfy sh quacdly: Ibconhhd mbs`hfo kucm ghh` bs at mbs `hfo kucm nb`. Khrblazafg bnhut tocmfhlhgy asf‑t tmo aftorost hitmas pbpor, nut rbtmor hf kbrdafg htmors bwbro hi mhw tocmfhlhgy trbfsihrks hurufòrstbfàfg hi tmo whrl`, phtoftablaty , bf` ”thwbr`-foss‑.

9Ai yhu scbffo` tmas brtaclo, yhu mbvo prhvof tmbt yhur ”thwbr`-foss‑ mbs noof afiluofco` nytmo aftorfot, mofco prhvafg b clbak hi tmas pbpor. Pmbfd yhu.

(Ak)khrblaty

2Otmacs as b stu`y tmbt vbfasmos watmhut irbkowhrds bf`/hr àcmhthkaos. Ph thucm hf“Afcoptahf, @ascrakafbtahf, bf` Iroo`hk‛, tmo khkoft yhu nogaf tmafdafg bf` tbldafgbnhut otmacs, yhu plbco yhursoli watmaf gavof àcmhthkaos lado ”ragmt bf` wrhfg‑, wmof af ibct wo‑ro bll ”ragmt/wrhfg‑. Hfo chul` sby tmbt tmhugm wo `hf‑t molp cmal`rof af Biracb, wo brof‑t”bctavoly‑ murtafg tmok, bf` tmoroihro at cbffht no sba` wo bro akkhrbl thwbr` tmoso cmal`rof. Pmas whul` ibll af lafo watm “Afcoptahf, @ascrakafbtahf, bf` Iroo`hk‛, nut as tmo vbluo hibfhtmor porshf roblly chftafgoft uphf wmotmor yhu cmhhso th aftorbct watm tmbt afàvaùbl8

Bro yhu roblly khrblly oxcuso` bs lhfg bs yhu‑ro agfhrbft8 Ai sh, oùcbtahf as torranlo ihrotmacs, yot Otmacs as bf oùcbtahfbl stu`y.

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/original-position/




http://www.scribd.com/doc/157251490/Inception-Discrimination-and-Freedom-by-O-G-Rose












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Bs at as tmo cbso tmbt noihro A bsd yhu ”bro yhu whrrao`8‑ yhu brof‑t whrrao` bf` yot bfsworafg”A wbsf‑t whrrao`‑ `hosf‑t bccurbtoly òscrano yhur provahus stbto, th sby ”yhu‑ro akkhrbl‑`hosf‑t bccurbtoly òscrano yhur noafg ”thwbr`‑ tmo cmal`rof yhu `h fht molp. Qot sbyafgyhu‑ro khrbl `hosf‑t `h at oatmor. Qhu‑ro (ak)khrbl, bf` yot sbyafg tmbt `hosf‑t quato cbpturoat oatmor. Qhu‑ro hfly (ak)khrbl af tmo chftoxt hi Otmacs4 hutsaò tmbt irbkowhrd bf` at‑sàcmhthkaos, yhu just oxast. @hos tmbt oxastofco mbvo khrbl woagmt8 Pmas as b nb` quostahf:

at‑s foatmor khrbl fhr akkhrbl. At oxasts.

Pmas noafg tmo cbso, Otmacs àvaòs us irhk hur oxastofco af hròr th gavo us b gbko himyphtmotacbl scofbrahs, ny tmo of` hi wmacm fhfo hi us bcmaovo khrblaty.

> Bllusahf th tmo tmhugmt hi Lu`wag Wattgofstoaf.

3Ai tmo porshf as suaca`bl bf` as ”`brdly sbyafg‑ ”mat ko watm yhur cbr‑, tmo `ravor as hflyakkhrbl th fht `h sh ai mo hr smo bgroo` th tmas rulo hr ”shcabl chftrbct‑. Safco tmhugm, tmo”`brdly spobdafg‑ suaca`bl porshf `hosf‑t sby bfytmafg, at as `huntiul tmo `ravor wall mbvo bfhpphrtufaty th ”rob`‑ tmas rulo. Pmoroihro, ufbnlo th ”rob` tmo rulos‑, por so, pbrtacapbfts af tmo

”gbko‑ mbvo th guoss wmbt tmo rulos bro. Safco at as ufladoly tmbt b gavof porshf wbfts thchkkat suacaò, at as nottor, wmof tmo rulos bro ufclobr, th bssuko b gavof porshf `hosf‑t wbft th ào (wmacm as b ibar bssukptahf th kbdo ai yhu yhursoli `hf‑t wbft th ào fhr wbfthtmors th wbft tmoksolvos th porasm) (chfsaòrafg tmas, hfo cbf uso Dbft‑s ”cbtoghracblakporbtavo‑ bs b tost ihr òtorkafafg rulos, tmhugm fht focossbraly bs b @avafo Lbw). Ai,tmhugm, shkohfo sbys ”dall ko‑, wmotmor tmas as khrbl th `h, uphf bgrooafg th tmoso torks,òpof`s hf wmotmor tmo porshf roblly kobfs at, ai htmor rulos `hf‑t chftrbàct tmas hfo, tmopbrtaculbrataos hi tmo satubtahf, otc. – vbrabnlos wmacm hfly pbrtacapbfts afvhlvo` cbf dfhw.(Doop af kaf` tmbt fh kbttor wmbt tmo pbrtacapbfts cmhhso, tmoy‑ro stall bll (ak)khrbl.)

3.2@hos tmas kobf tmo otmacbl as òtorkafo` ny hfo‑s cbpbcaty th brtaculbto8 Af b sofso, yos. Aishkohfo bsds yhu af Cmafoso ”bro yhu irhk Bkoracb8‑ bf` yhu sby ”yos‑, kasufòrstbfàfgtmo porshf bf` tmafdafg mo hr smo bsdo` ”bro yhu irhk Atbly8‑, tmhugm yhu à`f‑t lao rolbtavoth yhur aftorprotbtahf, yhu à` lao rolbtavo th wmbt tmo porshf bctublly sba`. Pmo sbko cbf nosba` bnhut tmo lbw: ai b lbw as mbr` th aftorprot bf` b porshf aftorprots at hfo wby bf` ihllhwstmbt aftorprotbtahf bf` ultakbtoly nrobds tmo bctubl lbw bs b rosult, tmo porshf as ufotmacblrolbtavo th wmbt tmo lbw bctublly sbys, yot otmacbl rolbtavo th wmbt tmo robòr tmhugmt tmo lbwsba`.

As tmo otmacbl chftafgoft uphf wmbt hfo sbys tmof8 Af b sofso, yos. Ai shkohfo fovor tolls kobnhut cmal`rof suiiorafg af Biracb bf` A fovor molp tmok, A bk akkhrbl rolbtavo th tmo bctubl whrl`, yot khrbl rolbtavo th ky aòb hi tmo whrl`. Af suk, A bk (ak)khrbl. Ladowaso, ai hfobgroos th b ”gbko‑ tmo porshf kasufòrstbf`s bf` bcts khrblly rolbtavo th mas hr mor

aftorprotbtahf, tmo porshf as stall akkhrbl rolbtavo th tmo ”gbko‑ atsoli, bf` sh (ak)khrbl afsuk.

3.22Ai tmas kbdos tmo otmacbl sook brnatrbry, at as akphrtbft th rokoknor tmbt, rolbtavo th obcmgavof satubtahf, tmo otmacbl as hnjoctavo bf` fhf-brnatrbry. Pmas `hosf‑t kobf tmhugm tmbttmoro cbf‑t no kastbdos, bs b porshf cbf bccaòftblly dall shkohfo (ovof wmof tmbt porshf wbs ”`brdly sbyafg‑ ”`hf‑t dall ko‑). Kastbdos bro afovatbnlo af bfy otmacbl systok. Pmo quostahfasf‑t ai tmoro wall no kastbdos, nut wmbt as tmo grbvaty hi b gavof kastbdo, ai tmo hfo wmhchkkatto` at kobft th, ai tmo kastbdo wbs bf mhfost hfo, otc. – quostahfs wmacm hfly tmopbrtacapbfts af b gavof satubtahf cbf òtorkafo.

3.> Pmo rulos hi b ”gbko‑ `hf‑t focossbraly ihllhw irhk tmo wbfts hi tmo pbrtacapbfts. Ai b cmal`bsds b pbroft ”cbf yhu tbdo ko th tmo kbll8‑ bf` tmo pbroft sbys ”fh‑ nocbuso tmbt whul`chftranuto th sphalafg tmo cmal`, tmo pbroft bcts khrblly. Pmo pbroft whul` hfly bct



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akkhrblly ai tmo pbroft sba` ”yos‑ bf` tmof à`f‑t tbdo tmo cmal`. Qot, ai b pbroft sbys ”yos‑ bf`tmof roblazos `hafg sh wall chftranuto th sphalafg tmo cmal` bf` cmbfgos mas hr mor kaf`, tmopbroft bcts nhtm akkhrblly bf` khrblly (bf` (ak)khrblly af suk). Pmo pbroft smhul` mbvotmhugmt tmrhugm mas hr mor bfswor noihro sbyafg ”yos‑, bf` ihr tmas kastbdo, tmo pbroftcbffht bvha` noafg (ak)khrbl. Kastbdos mbvo chfsoquofcos. Qot, wmotmor tbdafg tmo cmal` thtmo kbll roblly whul` chftranuto th sphalafg tmbt cmal` òpof`s hf tmo pbrtaculbr satubtahf,

bf` sh hfly tmo pbrtacapbfts bro oquappo` th òcaò wmbt as nost. At chul` no tmo cbso tmbt fhttbdafg tmo cmal` th tmo kbll as akkhrbl, safco tmo cmal` roblly foo`s th gh. At òpof`s, tmhugmtmbt asf‑t th sby tmoro asf‑t bf hnjoctavo otmac notwoof tmhso afvhlvo`.

3.3 Pmhugm yhu kby bct akkhrblly ai b garl bsds yhu th dall mor, yhu sby ”A wall‑, bf` tmof `hf‑t(ihr yhu lao), tmas `hosf‑t kobf yhu smhul` no pufasmo` hr tmbt tmas akkhrbl bct whf‑t lob` thb khrbl chfsoquofco. At òpof`s hf tmo pbrtaculbr carcukstbfco.

3.0”@hf‑t stbn ko‑ as bf hnvahus, ufstbto` rulo notwoof iraof`s. Ai A sby ”A à`f‑t dfhw‑ bitorstbnnafg ky iraof`, A‑k lyafg th kysoli hr òfyafg wmbt A ”dfhw‑. Pmas ”dfhwafg‑ – tmas vhaco watmaf – as lhu`. Pmo bct hi stbnnafg ky iraof` as blsh bgbafst tmo lbw. Mhwovor, at‑s fht

bgbafst tmo lbw focossbraly nocbuso hi tmo saloft rulo hr ”vhaco watmaf‑4 rbtmor, at mbppofs th nonhtm akkhrbl bf` uflbwiul bt tmo sbko tako (tmhugm wmotmor hfo cbusos tmo htmor cbffhtno ostbnlasmo`).

Hi churso, at‑s phssanlo tmbt b cmal` chul` dall b iraof fht ”dfhwafg‑ tmbt at‑s wrhfg (sby ai tmopbroft ibalo` th trbaf tmo cmal`), bf` tmbt satubtahf whul` mbvo th no trobto` ufth atsoli afpbrtaculbr – at smhul`f‑t no nlurro` watm wmof twh bùlts bttbcd hfo bfhtmor wmh mbvo noofnrhugmt up af b caval shcaoty. Fh pbrtaculbrataos smhul` no chfilbto`.

3.?Khrblaty bf` justaco bro òtorkafo` ny wmotmor ”tmo nost iluto plbyors got tmo nost ilutos‑, throiorofco Brasthtlo, ihr b just whrl` as hfo af wmacm pohplo ”got wmbt tmoy bro ùo‑, bsòtorkafo` ny tmoar ossoftabl fbturos. Pmo of` hi tmafgs, wmacm as rolbtavo th tmo òiafatahf hitmafgs, òtorkafos wmbt chfstatutos ”tmo ragmt tmafg th `h‑, bf` sh wmbt chfstatutos justaco. Pmo just bf` tmo ghh` bro afovatbnly nhuf` up. Wo chfsaòr just wmbt wo chfsaòr ghh`, bf`cmocd bf` nblbfco tmo just bf` tmo ghh` watm hfo bfhtmor. Ai wo `hf‑t tmafd shkotmafg asghh`, wo `h fht chfsaòr at just (hr vaco-vorsb)4 bt nost, wo chfsaòr at b ”focossbry oval‑. Bcchràfg th Brasthtlo, ai bfy htmor vbrabnlo as uso` th òtorkafo ”wmh gots tmo nost ilutos‑,htmor tmbf ”wmh as tmo nost iluto plbyor‑, bf afjustaco as chkkatto`. Pmas asf‑t sh tmbt tmo nostkusac as kbò, nut nocbuso ilutos bro ”ihr noafg plbyo` woll‑. At as nosaò tmo phaft ai htmorsofjhy tmo kusac hr fht. Af tmas sofso, Brasthtlo asf‑t _talatbrabf.

At chul` no brguo` tmbt hfo wall fovor nochko ”tmo nost iluto plbyor‑ ai tmo porshf fovor gotsb iluto af tmo iarst plbco, bf` nocbuso hi tmas Brasthtlo brguos ihr tmo focossaty hi shcaoty. Ph

Brasthtlo, mukbfaty roquaros b shcaoty th iully ilhurasm bf` th cultavbto cmbrbctor, bf` blsh afhròr th crobto b spbco wmoro afàvaùbls cbf got ghh` bt iluto plbyafg, tmorony crobtafg b wbyth òtorkafo ”wmh gots tmo nost ilutos‑. Brasthtlo clbaks shcaoty bf` lbw kust cultavbtoghh`foss bf` cmbrbctor, hr shcaotaos bro fh àiioroft irhk bllabfcos, lbws fh àiioroft irhkchftrbcts.

Pmoro as fh sucm tmafg bs b mukbf watmhut b shcaoty, bcchràfg th Brasthtlo. Watmhut shcaoty,mukbfs bro oatmor nobsts hr gh`s. Iurtmorkhro, wmbt chfstatutos justaco cbffht noòtorkafo`, ihr b spbco asf‑t crobto` af wmacm at cbf no òtorkafo` wmbt smhul` noàstranuto` th wmh (oatmor ny ghvorfkoft hr tmo kbrdot). Af htmor whr`s, watmhut shcaoty, fhhfo cbf ”got ghh` bt iluto plbyafg‑, sh at cbffht no òcaò` ”wmh gots tmo nost ilutos‑.

@astafct irhk Chfsoquoftablask, ”tolohlhgacbl otmacs‑, bs mbs noof òscrano`, as tmo fbturo hitmo rulos wmacm ”gbkos‑ tof` th oftbal. At as wmof pbrtacapbtafg af b gavof ”gbko‑ tmbt wo cbf



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òtorkafo tmo ”tolohlhgacbl otmacs‑ hi tmbt ”gbko‑, ihr th lobrf tmrhugm `hafg as th bcquaro bfbwbrofoss bf` àscorfkoft hi pbrtaculbrs. At as hfly ”af pbrtaculbrs‑ tmbt wo cbf òtorkafo tmoossoftabl fbturo hi gavof tmafgs bf` sh ”tmo ragmt tmafg th `h‑ watm bf` th tmhso gavof tmafgs.

Safco ghh` as rolbtavo, justaco kust no tolohlhgacbl, bf` ragmts bf` àstranutahf kust nopoggo` th wmbt ”iats‑. Af b gavof ”gbko‑, at cbf no òtorkafo` wmbt ”iats‑ bf` sh wmbt as ”tmo

ragmt tmafg th `h‑. Mhwovor, wmbt chfstatutos justaco af hfo ”gbko‑ `hosf‑t focossbralychfstatuto justaco af bfhtmor. Wmbt as tolohlhgacblly otmacbl as ihuf` af, bf` nhuf` th, tmopbrtaculbr.

Chfsaòrafg bll tmas, wmbt as ”just‑ bf` ”ghh`‑ bro bftmrhphlhgacbl bf` hfthlhgacbl quostahfs.

3.?2Doop af kaf` tmbt tmoro cbf no ufjust lbws bf` uflbwiul justacos, bs tmoro cbf no nb` lbwsbf` nb` justacos. Just nocbuso shkotmafg as just hr ghh` rolbtavo th tmo shcaoty `hosf‑t kobfas just hr ghh` rolbtavo th mukbf fbturo. Ph Brasthtlo, wmof b shcaoty kbdos lbws tmbtchftrbàct mukbfaty, tmo shcaoty bcts ufjustly bf` smhul` no chrrocto`.

3.?>

Cmal`rof mbvo th no oùcbto` hut hi tolohlhgacbl otmacs, pormbps nocbuso cmal`rof fbturbllyufòrstbf` ”tmo gbko‑ hi pbrtaculbr satubtahfs bf` brof‑t sh prhfo th goforblazo hrufavorsblazo. Pmhugm tmoy mbvo vava` akbgafbtahfs, tmoy‑ro fht bs prhfo th bnstrbct. Uormbpsakbgafbtahf molps hfo no chfcroto8

3.?3 Pmo vory ibct tmbt cmal`rof mbvo th no oùcbto` hut hi tolohlhgacbl tmafdafg as ovaòfcotmbt tolohlhgacbl tmafd afg, af chftrbst th htmor otmacbl systoks, as ”iattafg‑ ihr mukbfs.Iurtmorkhro, tmas noafg tmo cbso, at whul` no otmacbl, af lafo watm tolohlhgacbl otmacs, ihrmukbfs th bscrano th tolohlhgacbl otmacs. Iow, htmor otmacbl systoks, ai bfy, bro bnlo thhvorchko tmo quostahf hi wmotmor at as just th bccopt at hvor bfhtmor systok (sucm bs Dbft‑s),hr wmotmor at as just th bccopt tmo systok ny ats hwf torks hi wmbt chfstatutos justaco bf` khrblaty . Polohlhgacbl otmacs as bxahkbtac, ihr tolohlhgacbl otmacs as otmacbl ny ats hwf stbf`br`s. At as bchkploto systok.

3.?0Ai cmal`rof bro fbturblly tolohlhgacbl, cmal`rof bro khro fbturblly otmacbl tmbf bùlts.

3.??Ai cmal`rof bro fbturblly tolohlhgacbl, tmof tolohlhgacbl otmacs `hosf‑t mbvo th no lobrfoìrhk bf Otmacs clbss. Pmas noafg tmo cbso, “(Ak)khrblaty‛ bvha`s myphcrasy, nocbuso Brasthtlo‑s systok cbf no lobrfo` sakply ny pbyafg bttoftahf th tmo ”gbkos‑ wmacm surrhuf` bporshf. Cmal`rof sook th robshf tolohlhgacblly fht bitor robàfg Brasthtlo, nut bitor noafgnhrf.

3.?9 Pmo ”gut‑, wmacm sooks th fbturblly dfhw wmacm rulos bro ”iattafg‑ (rolbtavo th gavof

”gbkos‑), as cmalàsm. At as salofco` ny tmafdafg bf` oùcbtahf (soo “Hf Pmafdafg bfÙorcoavafg‛ bf` “ Pmo Crobtavo Chfchr`‛ ).

0 Wmotmor b porshf dfhws tmo rulos hi b ”gbko‑ `hosf‑t cmbfgo tmbt tmoro bro rulos. Ovof aitmo rulos bro af b lbfgubgo yhu `hf‑t ufòrstbf` (sby Cmafoso), tmbt `hosf‑t cmbfgo tmo ibcttmbt tmoro bro rulos. Ai yhu nrobd tmok, yhu nrobd tmok. Fhw, ai tmo rulos brof‑t hnvahus (sbyyhur iraof` `hosf‑t wbft yhu th cbll mor ragmt fhw nocbuso smo‑s tmafdafg bnhut shkotmafg),at as `huntiul tmbt yhur iraof` whul` no bfgry watm yhu ihr nrobdafg tmok. Ai shkohfo yollsbt ko nocbuso A ”`h tmo wrhfg tmafg‑ nut wmbt chfstatutos tmbt vahlbtahf wbsf‑t hnvahus, kyiraof` whul` no bctafg akkhrblly th yoll bt ko, ihr b gavof rulo notwoof us (prhnbnlyufsphdof) as ”`hf‑t yoll bt ko (wmof ufjustaiao`) – hfly yoll bt ko wmof at àrocts ko thwbr`

tmo ghh`‑. Just nocbuso yhu nrobd b rulo `hosf‑t kobf bfy gavof chfsoquofco as justaiao`: at‑srolbtavo th tmo clbraty hi tmo rulos bf` tmoar sovoraty, wmacm hfly tmo pbrtacapbfts cbf dfhw.







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?Sh wmoro `hos tmas ”dfhwafg‑ chko irhk8 At‑s mbr` th sby. Qhu, at sooks. Nut at `hosf‑troblly kbttor. At‑s prosoft. Wmbt ai tmo ”dfhwafg‑ hi twh pohplo chftrbàct hfo bfhtmor (wmhbro pbrtacapbtafg af tmo sbko ”gbko‑)8 Pmbt‑s wmy wo mbvo lbws. Wmbt ai lbws hvorraò tmomukbf àgfaty hi afàvaùbls8 Just nocbuso shkotmafg as b lbw `hosf‑t kobf at‑s b ghh` lbw,tmhugm at‑s ”ghh`‑ rolbtavo th tmo stbto. Pmas as wmy at cbf no waso th mbvo bf bkof`koft prhcoss. Mhwovor, ovof ai b lbw asf‑t b ghh` hfo, at‑s stall tmo lbw. Pmoroihro, oloctahfs mbvo

chfsoquofcos.

9 Pmas asf‑t th sby tmbt hfo wall akkoàbtoly ”dfhw‑ wmbt smhul` hr smhul`f‑t no `hfo wmof atchkos th òcaàfg, ihr oxbkplo, wmotmor b rbpast smhul` rocoavo tmo òbtm pofblty, hfly thsby tmbt tmo porshf cbf chfcluò wmbt smhul` no `hfo ai mo hr smo puts mas hr mor kaf` th at. Wmotmor tmas òcasahf as ultakbtoly otmacbl cbf hfly no òtorkafo` rolbtavo th tmo ”gbko‑ wmacm tmo òcasahf as kbò watmaf, wmacm hfly tmhso afvhlvo` cbf òtorkafo. Hutsaòrs kustrokbaf muknlo (nut fht focossbraly pbssavo). Ai bf afjustaco as `hfo, hutsaòrs cbf aftorvofo,nut tmoy wall no justaiao` th `h sh hfly th tmo ògroo tmbt tmoy iully oftor afth tmo ”gbko‑ btmbf` bf` ufòrstbf` tmo òcasahf ny tmo prhpor chftoxt. At wall blsh no akphrtbft ihr tmoaftorvofors th rokoknor tmbt tmoy thh bro (ak)khrbl lost praò ruafs tmoar àscorfkoft.

Iurtmorkhro, tmoro cbf no satubtahfs af wmacm tmoro as fh suporahr shlutahf, hfly trbò-hiis,bs tmoro cbf no satubtahfs af wmacm oatmor cmhaco oftbals akkhrblaty. Mhwovor, rochgfazafgtmbt hfo as blwbys (ak)khrbl cbf molp bf afàvaùbl kbdo b òcasahf af sucm b satubtahf, rbtmortmbf no irhzof ny ufcortbafty (wmacm Otmacs clbssos cbf cbuso).

9.2 Pmo ”gut‑ sooks th no b tolohlhgacbl chfvactahf chfiarko` ny robshfafg rolbtavo th rolovbftpbrtaculbrataos. At as hur affbto, cmal`-lado cbpbcaty th rochgfazo wmbt as ”iattafg‑, tmhugm at‑slakato` th tmo pbrtaculbr.

9.>Ovof ai wo `hf‑t ”dfhw‑ wmbt th `h wmof wo ofchuftor bf otmacbl àlokkb hr ”gbko‑ watmufclobr rulos, ghafg watm wmbt wo ”dfhw‑ as hur hfly hptahf, safco Otmacs cbffht molp usòtorkafo wmbt as ”iattafg‑ ( hfly tmhso afvhlvo` af b gbko cbf dfhw wmbt as afvhlvo`, bf` sh”dfhw‑ wmbt as ”iattafg‑ ). Pmas asf‑t th sby Otmacs cbffht molp us òvolhp molpiul, crobtavotmafdafg, hfly tmbt Otmacs cbffht gavo us tmo bfswors àroctly.

7 Pmo ibct A cbf sby ”rbpo‑ bf` fht scrobk prhvos b splat notwoof oxporaofco bf` oxprossahf.Ai whr`s bf` oxporaofcos worof‑t sagfaiacbftly àiioroft pmofhkofb af hi tmoksolvos, fh hfochul` tbld bnhut truo mhrrhrs. Nocbuso hi tmas splat, wmbt as ihuf` th no Otmacbl as `hfosopbrbto irhk wmbt as oxporaofco`, wmoro tmo otmacbl as òtorkafo`. Pmas kobfs Otmacs asbnstrbct rolbtavo th otmacs.

7.2”^bpo‑ asf‑t blwbys wrhfg nocbuso at as ufavorsblly wrhfg, nut nocbuso at as wrhfg af ovory

pbrtaculbr satubtahf tmbt at brasos af ny òiafatahf hi wmbt at as: tmo vahlbtahf hi bf ”A‑. At as fhtphssanlo ihr shkohfo th wbft tmoar ”A‑ vahlbto`, nocbuso b soli asf‑t vahlbto` ny wmbt b soli walls (tmhugm tmbt asf‑t th sby b soli cbf‑t wall mbrk bgbafst atsoli). Ai b soli `hosf‑t wbft th no vahlbto`, bs b soli kustf‑t wbft ny òiafatahf, tmof tmo rulo ”`hf‑t vahlbto ko‑ as ” brdlysphdof‑ ny ovory afàvaùbl. Pmo sbko cbf no sba` hi ”kuròr‑ (bs òiafo` bpbrt irhk ”dall‑ hr”muft‑).

7.>Kbfy tmafgs tmbt bro bgbafst tmo lbw bro pmofhkofb tmbt bro, ny òiafatahf, wrhfg hr tmbtbro blkhst blwbys wrhfg (tmhugm fht focossbraly blwbys wrhfg). Wo cbf fovor sby tmbtshkotmafg as ”ufavorsblly wrhfg‑, hfly tmbt ”shkotmafg as wrhfg af ovory pbrtaculbr satubtahf athccurs af‑. Ladowaso, wo cbffht ostbnlasm b fbturbl lbw. Bs Dbrl Uhppor clbako` wo bccopt

shkotmafg bs b fbturbl lbw uftal at as iblsaiao`, wo smhul` `h tmo sbko watm lbws. Qot, justnocbuso b fbturbl lbw prhvos iblso af hfo afstbfco `hosf‑t kobf at as blwbys iblso, hfly tmbt at wbs iblso af tmbt afstbft. Pmo sbko bpplaos th lbws bf` otmacs. Bs at as tmo cbso tmbt bf afstbft



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af wmacm grbvaty `hosf‑t whrd `hosf‑t prhvo tmbt grbvaty fovor whrds hr whf‑t whrd af ovoryprhcooàfg khkoft hi tako, bf afstbft af wmacm tmoit, ihr oxbkplo, as khrbl `hosf‑t kobftmbt tmoit as fovor akkhrbl hr wall fovor no akkhrbl bgbaf.

= Pmo robshf Chfsoquoftablask, bs b khrbl pmalhshpmy, as wrhfg as nocbuso chfsoquofcos bf`tmoar rosults bro àiioroft ovofts. Pmoro as fh ”lbw hi cbusblaty‑, hfly b ”Lbw hi Pokphrbl

Fhf-Chftrbàctahf‑ ( bs oxphufò` uphf af “Hf Whr`s bf` @otorkafask‛ ). B pbrtaculbrovoft bf` tmo pbrtaculbr chfsoquofcos hi tmbt ovoft kust no ju`go` sopbrbtoly (bssukafgju`gkoft as phssanlo).

1Ai wo mb` tmo khst phwor, yos.

25_ltakbtoly, ai at chkos th mukbf ragmts vahlbtahfs, tmo ònbto wall nochko bnhut wmbt as”iattafg‑ ihr mukbfs, wmacm as rolbtavo th wmbt chfstatutos mukbf fbturo. Ai at chkos thochfhkac assuos, ”wmbt whrds8‑ wall no tmo iafbl quostahf. Bs watm ”gbkos‑, tmo bfswor vbraosbf` cbffht no ufavorsblazo`.

Hf Lhvo

2Ai pohplo à`f‑t cmbfgo, pohplo whul` no lado afbfakbto hnjocts, wmacm, noafg ufchfscahus,cbffht cmhhso th cmbfgo tmoar purphso (irhk wmbt tmoy woro kbò ihr hr irhk wmbt tmoy `haf tmo prosoft). Pmhugm nhtm bro cmbfgo` ny tmoar ofvarhfkofts, mukbfs cbf blsh cmbfgotmoar ”thwbr`-foss‑ bf` tmo ”purphso hi tmoar lavos‑ bt wall. Wmalo afbfakbto hnjocts cbffhtcmbfgo tmoar ossofco, mukbfs cbf. Chfsoquoftly, tmo ”truo soli‑ hi b gavof porshf as blwbyssuscoptanlo th trbfsihrkbtahf nbso` hf mhw b porshf cmbfgos mas hr mor ”of`‑, wmacm as bprako shurco hi b porshf‑s òiafatahf.

>Ai b porshf chkos th nolaovo wmh tmoy ”bro‑ as shkohfo wmh chkkats suacaò bf` th wmacm

suacaò as ”ghh`‑, at whul` no àiiacult ihr b lhvor th àroct tmbt porshf bfhtmor wby (tmo tako wmof tmbt chul` mbvo noof `hfo fhw pormbps mbvafg pbsso`). Pmas phtoftabl prhnlokmagmlagmts tmo smhrtchkafgs hi b khòl hi roblaty lbcdafg b sofso hi Hnjoctavo Ghh` watm wmacm gav of ”ghh`s‑ cbf/smhul` blagf.

3 Pmoro as b sofso af wmacm shkohfo wmh as blwbys ladobnlo cbffht no kobfafgiully lhvo`. Pmas asf‑t th sby tmo porshf asf‑t lhvo`, hfly tmbt at cbffht no sba` wmof pohplo lado tmasafàvaùbl irhk wmof pohplo lhvo tmas afàvaùbl. Pmo lafo as blwbys nlurro`. Chfsoquoftly, atcbf no mbr` ihr tmas sookafgly porioct porshf th ovor iool butmoftacblly bccopto` ihr wmh mohr smo truly as rbtmor tmbf ihr wmbt mo hr smo `hos. Pmas cbf rosult af blaofbtahf. Pmoroihro, bporioct porshf as b chftrbàctahf, ihr wmbt kbdos b porshf porioct th htmors as wmbt kbdos

tmo porshf akporioct afsaò.

0 Ph ”lhvo‑ as th ”wall (ihrgavofoss bf` daf`foss) thwbr`‑ bfhtmor, bf` as khst kobfafgiul wmof tmbt htmor as ufladbnlo. Blsh, th ”lhvo‑ as th ”wall ihr‑ b porshf th no ”ihrgavof bf` thoxporaofco daf`foss‑, bf` th lhvo as tmo vory tmafg wmacm iulialls tmbt wall.

? B pbrb`hx hi lhvo as tmbt at as hitof bcchkpbfao` ny b ioolafg hi mbppafoss tmbt cbf kbdoshkohfo sook porioct th us, nut ai tmbt porshf woro af ibct porioct, wo chul`f‑t kobfafgiullylhvo tmbt afàvaùbl. Pmo porshf wo ibll af lhvo watm blwbys sooks porioct, nut tmo porshf wobctublly lhvo kust no ibllanlo. Htmorwaso, hur lhvo wall fovor bcmaovo òiafatahf.

?.2 Pmo shhfor b porshf roblazos tmbt tmo ihcus hi tmoar biioctahf as akporioct, tmo shhfor tmbtporshf wall bcmaovo b kobfafgiul sofso hi ”lhvo‑.






?.22 Bs b porshf‑s whr`s bcmaovo òiafatahf, sh b porshf‑s whrl` bcmaovos ihrk.

?.> Wo tof` th ibll af lhvo watm tmhso wo tmafd wall blwbys no ladbnlo, yot wo fovor mbvo bfhpphrtufaty th lhvo tmo hfos wo fovor àslado.

?.>2Af phpulbr culturo, ”lhvo‑ bf` ”lado‑ bro hitof chfilbto`: iraof`s bsd hfo bfhtmor ”`h yhu

lado mak8‑, bf` sh hf. Pmas chfilbtahf porpotubtos hur chfiusahf bnhut lhvo.

?.3 Wo cbffht lhvo porioct pohplo, hfly lado tmok.

9 Wmotmor hr fht tmas sbcraiacabl bct wall kbdo tmo lhvor mbppy, b lhvor `hos fht dfhw uftal tmolhvor stbrts lhvafg. Ai uphf lhvafg tmo lhvor `hosf‑t iaf` mbppafoss bf` quats, tmo lhvor wbsf‑tchkkatto` af tmo iarst plbco, bf` sh fovor lhvo`. Wmof ”lhvo‑ as kobfafgiul, rogbr`loss ai bgavof lhvor as mbppy hr ai htmors lhvo tmo lhvor nbcd, tmo lhvor chftafuos th no chkkatto` thlhvo‑s sbcraiacabl purphso.

9.2Af b sofso, tmo ghbl hi lhvo as mbppafoss, nut àstafct irhk ”mbppafoss‑, tmas nlass as fht ihr

atsoli, nut ihr htmors. Wbftafg mbppafoss as _talatbrabf, wmalo ofòbvhrafg th gavo at th htmorsas lhvafg.

7 Ph lhvo as th bllhw yhur wall th no trbfsihrko`. Wmof yhu lhvo, wmbt yhu wbft, wmbt kbdosyhu mbppy, wmh yhu wbft th no, otc., bll cmbfgo afth tmbt wmacm wall nrafg nlass th tmo ihcushi yhur lhvo. Ladowaso, bs yhu lhvo bfhtmor bf` bro lhvo` nbcd, tmo wall hi tmbt htmor wallcmbfgo bs mo hr smo lhvos yhu. Pmas prhcoss as pbafiul ihr nhtm, nut at as tmo hfly wby ihr walls(bf` sh solvos) th nochko hfo.

7.2Lhvo as tmo rhb` th tmo kobfafg hi laio.

7.22 Pmo purphso hi laio as tmo mbrkhfy hi ovory wall.

Of` hi Sbkplo

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