RevolutionRevolution

StandardStandard

USHC-2.1USHC-2.1 Summarize the early Summarize the early development of representative government development of representative government and political rights in the American colonies, and political rights in the American colonies, including the influence of the British political including the influence of the British political system, the rule of law and the conflict system, the rule of law and the conflict between the colonial legislatures and the between the colonial legislatures and the royal governors. (P, H) royal governors. (P, H)

Montesquieu

John Locke

Rousseau

Enlightened Thinkers

Period of neglectPeriod of neglectQueen Anne died in 1714—no children, or brothers Queen Anne died in 1714—no children, or brothers

or sistersor sistersGeorge I (German) nearest relativeGeorge I (German) nearest relativeKnows nothing of EnglandKnows nothing of EnglandAccepts kingship & lets Parliament run countryAccepts kingship & lets Parliament run countryThey lined their own pockets (neglected their job)They lined their own pockets (neglected their job)George I dies 1732George I dies 1732George II does the same George II does the same George II dies 1760George II dies 1760

George III—1760 George III—1760

George III—1760George III—1760

Prepared, sat in on Parliament, Strong KingPrepared, sat in on Parliament, Strong King 11stst duty—End war W/ France duty—End war W/ France King will run affairs not ParliamentKing will run affairs not Parliament By 1763 all political power comes from kingBy 1763 all political power comes from king

Albany Conference1754 IroquoisNation remain neutral

French & Indian WarFrench & Indian WarSeven Years WarSeven Years War

Who will control Ohio ValleyWho will control Ohio Valley Albany Conference 1754 Iroquois Nation

remain neutral in conflict 1763—War ends, English victory1763—War ends, English victory Treaty does Treaty does NOTNOT allow English colonists allow English colonists

past Appalachian mountains—past Appalachian mountains—Proclamation Proclamation Line of 1763Line of 1763

Sound decision—colonists had NO Sound decision—colonists had NO protectionprotection

1765—England’s treasury depleted1765—England’s treasury depleted Read hand out: How do they plan on getting Read hand out: How do they plan on getting

$?$? Does this work?Does this work? What do colonists in America think?What do colonists in America think? What does England do?What does England do?

Complete OrganizerComplete Organizer

Sons of LibertySons of Liberty

Revolutionary OrganizationRevolutionary Organization Sam Adams & James Otis leadersSam Adams & James Otis leaders Masters of propagandaMasters of propaganda Use violence to get your point acrossUse violence to get your point across Tar and feathered tax collectorsTar and feathered tax collectors Set up boycotts of taxable goodsSet up boycotts of taxable goods

What’s going on!!!!What’s going on!!!!

Who has authority to make tax law?Who has authority to make tax law? Popular sovereignty vs. Royal sovereigntyPopular sovereignty vs. Royal sovereignty Stamp & Townsend acts—Colonists not Stamp & Townsend acts—Colonists not

opposed to taxation—just want a say in it opposed to taxation—just want a say in it George III repealed both—he did not have George III repealed both—he did not have

toto

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

March 1770—British troops stationed in March 1770—British troops stationed in BostonBoston

Crowd gathers around armyCrowd gathers around army Snowballs w/rocks thrown at soldiersSnowballs w/rocks thrown at soldiers Shots fired—5 civilians dead, 8 woundedShots fired—5 civilians dead, 8 wounded Crispus Attucks 1Crispus Attucks 1stst to die to die

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

Citizens of Boston furious. Sons of Liberty Citizens of Boston furious. Sons of Liberty fuel the flamesfuel the flames

English repeal Townshend Acts (except tax English repeal Townshend Acts (except tax on tea)on tea)

Soldiers go on trialSoldiers go on trial John Adams represents British soldiersJohn Adams represents British soldiers Wins caseWins case Boston quite for next 3 yearsBoston quite for next 3 years

Gaspee AffairGaspee Affair

Read the 3 paragraphs on page 127. Briefly Read the 3 paragraphs on page 127. Briefly describe what occurred in June 1772, and describe what occurred in June 1772, and what the colonists created as a result. what the colonists created as a result.

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

Tea PartyTea Party

1773—king alters the tax on tea1773—king alters the tax on tea Tax has to be paid on tea prior to it being soldTax has to be paid on tea prior to it being sold Any tea not sold in 20 days, becomes property of Any tea not sold in 20 days, becomes property of

British gov’tBritish gov’t Ship arrives in Boston port, Sons of Liberty will not Ship arrives in Boston port, Sons of Liberty will not

let it unloadlet it unload Sons of Liberty decides to destroy tea rather than Sons of Liberty decides to destroy tea rather than

allow it to become British propertyallow it to become British property The ships captain has insurance; no lose to himThe ships captain has insurance; no lose to him No property other than tea damagedNo property other than tea damaged

Coercive ActsCoercive ActsIntolerable Acts Intolerable Acts

Enforce British will, punish coloniesEnforce British will, punish colonies June 1June 1stst 1774—Boston closed until tea paid 1774—Boston closed until tea paid

forfor Raise troop strength to 10,000Raise troop strength to 10,000 Troops quartered in private homes until Troops quartered in private homes until

barracks can be built (at towns expense)barracks can be built (at towns expense) All trials would be held in EnglandAll trials would be held in England

By winter residents of Boston burning By winter residents of Boston burning furniture for warmthfurniture for warmth

1774 Continental Congress1774 Continental Congress meets; only meets; only Georgia does not send delegatesGeorgia does not send delegates

Nothing accomplished except to set up 2Nothing accomplished except to set up 2ndnd meetingmeeting

Lexington & ConcordLexington & Concord

On On April 15April 15, 1775, The royal governor of , 1775, The royal governor of Massachusetts, General Thomas Gage, Massachusetts, General Thomas Gage, ordered 700 British soldiers, to ordered 700 British soldiers, to seize the seize the colonists' military storescolonists' military stores in Concord in Concord

Troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Francis Troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith and Marine Major John PitcairnSmith and Marine Major John Pitcairn

Paul ReverePaul Revere

Sons of Liberty prepared for British offensiveSons of Liberty prepared for British offensive Posted guards along route to ConcordPosted guards along route to Concord “ “1 if by land, 2 by sea” Boston steeple1 if by land, 2 by sea” Boston steeple April 17, signal in steepleApril 17, signal in steeple Paul Revere & William Dawes warn the town Paul Revere & William Dawes warn the town

“British are coming”“British are coming” Revere gets arrested Revere gets arrested Dr. Samuel Prescott makes it all the way to Dr. Samuel Prescott makes it all the way to

ConcordConcord

Major Pitcairn leads his men to LexingtonMajor Pitcairn leads his men to Lexington 3 dozen 3 dozen MinutemenMinutemen are waiting are waiting Shots fired!!!!!!!—8 killedShots fired!!!!!!!—8 killed Minutemen fall backMinutemen fall back British march to Concord—no weapons foundBritish march to Concord—no weapons found March back to Boston—minutemen hit and run March back to Boston—minutemen hit and run

tactics—250 British killed, 90 colonists tactics—250 British killed, 90 colonists WAR HAS BEGUNWAR HAS BEGUN

22ndnd Continental Congress Continental Congress

May 1775 met in PhiladelphiaMay 1775 met in Philadelphia Official gov’t of coloniesOfficial gov’t of colonies

1.1. Seek military alliances—Ben FranklinSeek military alliances—Ben Franklin

2.2. Build armyBuild army

3.3. Select military leader—Washington or Horatio Select military leader—Washington or Horatio GatesGates

4.4. Fight for Dominion Status Fight for Dominion Status

AmericansAmericans

3 million people living in N. America3 million people living in N. America 1/31/3rdrd pro-British Loyalists (Tories) pro-British Loyalists (Tories) 1/31/3rdrd apathetic-did not care apathetic-did not care 1/31/3rdrd Patriots Patriots

AdvantagesAdvantages

British1. Established army & navy2. More manpower3. More supplies4. Established chain of command5. Hessians—German allies

Americans1. Closer to supplies2. Know the land3. Defending their homes4. Superb leadership

StandardStandard

USHC-2.2USHC-2.2 Explain the impact of the Explain the impact of the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution on the American American Revolution on the American colonies and on the world at large. (H, P, E) colonies and on the world at large. (H, P, E)

•Two Treatises on Government 1690

•Discounts the divine rights of kings •Purpose of government— PROTECTION of NATURAL RIGHTS

•Life•Liberty—free choice•Property—own propertyJOHN LOCKE

Read page 1064 & create a flow chart explaining Locke’s ideas on government

If government does not protect your rights or becomes corrupt

People create societies for mutual protection—make sure we get natural rights

security

prosperityoppression

persecution

Right of Revolution destroy existing government

Create a new government

Society is a human creation

Common SenseCommon Sense

Written by Thomas Paine (Jan. 1776)Written by Thomas Paine (Jan. 1776) Sold 100,000 copiesSold 100,000 copies Attacked King George III (Tyrant)Attacked King George III (Tyrant) Declare Independence Declare Independence

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceAn Enlightened DocumentAn Enlightened Document

Ben Franklin, Ben Franklin, Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson, John Adams, John Adams Purpose—We want the rest of the world to accept Purpose—We want the rest of the world to accept

U.S.U.S. 11stst sentence lays out the case for Independence sentence lays out the case for Independence 22ndnd section—Preamble—What is governments job section—Preamble—What is governments job

—All —All menmen are created equal are created equal 33rdrd section—Indictments—what the section—Indictments—what the King of King of

England did England did against natural rightsagainst natural rights 44thth section—Separation dissolves the bond with section—Separation dissolves the bond with

England England

WarWar

Saratoga Oct. 1777, Saratoga Oct. 1777, Turning Point in WarTurning Point in War GeneralsGenerals: Major General John Burgoyne commanded the : Major General John Burgoyne commanded the

British and German force. Major General Horatio Gates and British and German force. Major General Horatio Gates and Brigadier Benedict Arnold commanded the American army Brigadier Benedict Arnold commanded the American army

2,000 American soldiers at Saratoga2,000 American soldiers at Saratoga British pincher movement—Phil., Buffalo, Canada—trap British pincher movement—Phil., Buffalo, Canada—trap

AmericansAmericans British plan falls apartBritish plan falls apart Battle begins— Gates Battle begins— Gates retreats--retreats--Col. Benedict Arnold leads Col. Benedict Arnold leads

troops to victory—HEROtroops to victory—HERO Turning point of warTurning point of war 11stst major victory major victory Franklin in France—AllianceFranklin in France—Alliance

General Burgoyne surrenders to General Gates

British move war to the South—ToriesBritish move war to the South—Tories Start in Georgia head north VICTORIES ALONG COASTStart in Georgia head north VICTORIES ALONG COAST Lord Cornwallis—British commanderLord Cornwallis—British commander Take Savannah, Charleston, moves inland takes CamdenTake Savannah, Charleston, moves inland takes Camden Horatio Gates—American leader in south, Horatio Gates—American leader in south, FIREDFIRED Nathaniel Green sets up army in Western SCNathaniel Green sets up army in Western SC Francis Marion, Daniel Morgan, Sharpshooters Francis Marion, Daniel Morgan, Sharpshooters America controls the west, Cowpens, Kings Mountain, America controls the west, Cowpens, Kings Mountain,

Guilford Courthouse (reading)Guilford Courthouse (reading)

British on the run, headed northBritish on the run, headed north Cornwallis heads to coast—Yorktown, wait Cornwallis heads to coast—Yorktown, wait

for ships to pick up his menfor ships to pick up his men Nate Green from south, Washington from Nate Green from south, Washington from

north, France at seanorth, France at sea TRAPPEDTRAPPED October, 1781 British SurrenderOctober, 1781 British Surrender Treaty of Paris—September 3, 1783 Treaty of Paris—September 3, 1783

America needs a GovernmentAmerica needs a Government Articles of Confederation—Weak Central Gov’tArticles of Confederation—Weak Central Gov’t Maryland last state to ratify March 1, 1781Maryland last state to ratify March 1, 1781 Once a year each state sends delegation to CapitalOnce a year each state sends delegation to Capital RightsRights

Declare warDeclare war Raise armyRaise army Sign treatiesSign treaties

Could not impose taxes, or regulate tradeCould not impose taxes, or regulate tradeHow do you pay an army with no $?How do you pay an army with no $?

G. Washington “I see one head turning into thirteen” G. Washington “I see one head turning into thirteen”

IdentificationsIdentifications

Period of Neglect George IIIPeriod of Neglect George IIIFrench & Indian War Townshend ActFrench & Indian War Townshend Act Proclamation Line of 1763 SaratogaProclamation Line of 1763 SaratogaStamp Act 1Stamp Act 1stst & 2 & 2ndnd Continental Congress Continental CongressBoston Massacre Sons of LibertyBoston Massacre Sons of LibertyPropaganda Boston Tea PartyPropaganda Boston Tea PartyCoercive Acts / Intolerable Acts Minutemen Coercive Acts / Intolerable Acts Minutemen Lexington & Concord Nathaniel GreenLexington & Concord Nathaniel GreenDeclaration of Independence Daniel MorganDeclaration of Independence Daniel MorganFrancis Marion YorktownFrancis Marion YorktownLord CornwallisLord Cornwallis